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Visible Light Communication, Sananda Nath 2124101

Visible Light Communication (VLC) uses visible light between 390-750 nm as a medium to transmit data. It has several advantages over radio frequency including high bandwidth, high speed, signal confinement and power efficiency. A VLC system consists of an LED transmitter that flashes light on and off very fast to encode data, and a photodiode receiver that detects the light flashes and decodes the data. VLC has applications in areas like indoor positioning systems, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, underwater communication and Li-Fi, a wireless technology that uses LED light. However, VLC also faces limitations such as interference from other light sources and inability to penetrate opaque objects.

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Sananda Nath
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110 views23 pages

Visible Light Communication, Sananda Nath 2124101

Visible Light Communication (VLC) uses visible light between 390-750 nm as a medium to transmit data. It has several advantages over radio frequency including high bandwidth, high speed, signal confinement and power efficiency. A VLC system consists of an LED transmitter that flashes light on and off very fast to encode data, and a photodiode receiver that detects the light flashes and decodes the data. VLC has applications in areas like indoor positioning systems, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, underwater communication and Li-Fi, a wireless technology that uses LED light. However, VLC also faces limitations such as interference from other light sources and inability to penetrate opaque objects.

Uploaded by

Sananda Nath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Visible Light

Communication
Sananda Nath, 2124101
M.Tech, CSPE
NIT Silchar
Visible Light Communication

Light is the carrier


Optical
of information Communication

Optical Wireless Unguided Light


Communication Visible, IR, UV

390-750 nm 780-1600 nm 200-280 nm

Free Space
Visible Light Ultra Violet
Optical
Communication Communication
Communication
Visible Spectrum

 Only a small portion of the entire electromagnetic spectrum can be seen by


the human eye.

 Around 400-800 THz

 Around 780-375 nm

 R,G,B and Cyan in VLC


Features of Visible Light Communication

 High Bandwidth

 High Speed

 Signal Confinement

 Power Efficient

 Safe in hazardous environments


Features of Visible Light Communication

 High Bandwidth: Visible light spectrum is 10,000 times larger than the entire
radio frequency spectrum. 300 THz of license-free bandwidth.

 High Speed: Light travels 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠. Virtually instantaneous communication.

 Signal Confinement: Light can’t pass through opaque walls. Increased


security.

 Power Efficient: Can be used for both illumination and communication,


hence low power consumption.

 Safe in hazardous environments: Light source used in VLC systems emit low
energies, ensuring their safe use.
LED as Transmitter

 Solid state light source.

 LEDs far surpass incandescent and fluorescent


light sources in terms of reliability, power
requirement, and luminous efficiency.

 Fast switching: ON and OFF

 Fast modulation of light occurring at speeds


undetectable by the human eye.

 With LEDs it is quite convenient to accurately


control the dimming level.
Photodiode as Receiver

IL= AqG(Ln+W+Lp)
VLC System

 Two integral parts of a VLC system are its transmitter and receiver.

Transmitter Side Receiver Side


VLC System

 Transmitter: LEDs
 Data is transmitted in VLC systems by modulating
light.
 At slow speeds, this can be seen as a constant
flickering of light.
 The evolution of LED lighting makes this technology
possible.
 Mainly the white light is used in VLC.
 Commonly used method for producing white light
by LEDs is trichromatic RGB.
VLC System

 Receiver: Optical filter, optical concentrators, and an


amplification circuit.

 VLC systems are vulnerable to interferences such as sunlight


and other forms of illumination. Hence the optical filters.
 Beam divergence in LEDs cause attenuation. Hence the
optical concentrator.
 The light is detected using a photodiode.
Stationary case: Photodiode
Mobility case: Image sensor
Architecture of VLC Systems

 Both the transmitter and the receiver consist of three common layers:
Architecture of VLC Systems

 Physical Layer: Provides an interface between the VLC device and the
medium used for data transmission and reception.
 The interactions that occur within the physical layer goes like this:
Architecture of VLC Systems

 Media Access Control (MAC) Layer : Points the packets of data towards
the directions in which they need to go.
 In VLC systems, the MAC Layer has the following tasks:

• Mobility support
• Dimming support
• Security support
• Visibility support
• Colour function support
• Schemes for mitigation of flickering
• Providing a reliable link between peer MAC entities
Applications of VLC

Vehicle to vehicle Underwater


Li-Fi
communication Communication
Applications of VLC

Hospitals Visible light ID VLC in a Musical


system System
Applications of VLC

Wireless local area Indoor Positioning Indoor Broadband


networks System
Indoor Positioning Services using VLC

 VLC provides indoor GPS-like location-positioning


functionality that enables wayfinding.
 Targeted information can be delivered to shoppers as
they pass a product section in an aisle.
 Sensors within the LEDs to capture traffic and buying
activity throughout the store.
 Research areas on different VLC based indoor
positioning techniques and their performances.
 Factors that would affect the performance of the
positioning systems include multipath reflections and
synchronization.
Li-Fi

 Li-Fi is an optical wireless networking technology which


uses slight LED light variations to relay data from the
transmitter to the receiver.

 Wi-Fi: Routers and Radio Frequency waves


 Li-Fi: LEDs and Visible Light waves

 Being a bi-directional technology, Li-Fi is 100 times faster


than Wi-Fi.

 It can reach speeds up to 224 gigabits per second.

 Applications are limitless and still a broader topic of


research.
Li-Fi
Limitations of VLC

 Interference issues from other ambient/background light sources.

 Atmospheric absorption, shadowing, beam dispersion.

 No communication if no “Line-of-Sight”. However, a direct LOS is not


necessary as long as reflected surfaces are available.

 Supports short coverage range: Dispersion of light and inability of light to


penetrate optically opaque objects.

 High installation cost is involved.


Conclusion

 VLC is a communication technology that utilizes the visible light as a signal


carrier, the air as a transmission medium, and the appropriate photodiode
as a signal receiver.

 Wide use of LED technology.

 Many advantages (e.g., bandwidth, speed, security, health safety, etc.)


have driven the VLC to become more popular.

 VLC can be used in a variety of interesting applications.


References

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_light_communication

2. https://lifi.co/visible-light-communication/

3. https://lightingcontrolsassociation.org/2014/07/23/visible-light-
communication/

4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864816300335

5. https://www.wiprolighting.com/blog/visible-light-communication-li-fi-and-
its-applications-2

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