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An Effective Abstract: What We Have

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104 views1 page

An Effective Abstract: What We Have

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© © All Rights Reserved
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An effective abstract

Context In the oceans, ubiquitous microscopic phototrophs (phyto-


plankton) account for approximately half the production
of organic matter on Earth, thus affecting the abundance
and diversity of marine organisms and strongly influencing
climate processes. Analyses of the satellite-derived phyto-
Need what we have plankton concentration (available since 1979) have suggested
decadal fluctuations linked to climate forcing, but the length
of this record is insufficient to resolve longer-term trends.
what we want To estimate the time dependence of phytoplankton biomass
since the beginning of oceanographic measurements in 1899,
Task we combined available ocean transparency measurements
and in situ chlorophyll observations. This paper presents
Object of the document the trends we identified at local, regional, and global scales.

Findings We observed declines in eight out of ten ocean regions, and


estimated a global rate of decline of ∼1% of the global median
per year. Our analyses further revealed interannual to decadal
phytoplankton fluctuations superimposed on long-term trends.
These fluctuations are strongly correlated with basin-scale
climate indices, whereas the long-term declining trends are
related to increasing sea surface temperatures. In conclusion,
Conclusion global phytoplankton concentration has definitely declined
over the past century; this decline will need to be considered
Perspectives in future studies of marine ecosystems, geochemical cycling,
ocean circulation, and fisheries.

With just under 200 words, this abstract can convey the motivation for
and outcome of the work with some accuracy, without intimidating
readers by its length. Still, it is ideally typeset in two paragraphs
(as shown above) instead of a single one, when allowed by the journal.

© 2010 Nature Education Adapted from Nature 466, 591–596

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