BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

Network Design of BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with

Booking of Bus, Train, Flight Tickets and
Hotels across the Globe

A mini project submitted for

Enterprise Network Design (Semester VII)

By

Kinjal Mhatre (Roll No. 8020)

Anushka Paradkar (Roll No. 8025)
Bevan Sequeira (Roll No. 8034)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Vaibhav Godbole

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering, Bandra (W), Mumbai
400050
University of Mumbai
November 10, 2019

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

Internal Approval Sheet

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled " Network Design of BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with
Booking of Bus, Train, Flight Tickets and Hotels across Globe" is a bonafide work of Kinjal Mhatre
(8020), Anushka Paradkar (8025), and Bevan Sequeira (8034) submitted to the Information
Technology Department.

(Name and sign)

Supervisor/Guide

(Name and sign)

Principal

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

Approval Sheet

Project Report Approval

This project report entitled Network Design of BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking of
Bus, Train, Flight Tickets and Hotels across Globe by Kinjal Mhatre (8020), Anushka Paradkar (8025),
and Bevan Sequeira (8034) is approved.

Examiners

1.————————————–

2.————————————–

Date:

Place:

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

Declaration

We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words and where others’
ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited and referenced the original sources.
We also declare that we have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have
not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. We
understand that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and
can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom
proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Kinjal Mhatre (Roll No. 8020) (Sign)

Anushka Paradkar (Roll No. 8025) (Sign)

Bevan Sequeira (Roll No. 8034) (Sign)

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

Acknowledgments

We have great pleasure in presenting the report on " Network Design of BookMyTrip Corporation
Dealing with Booking of Bus, Train, Flight Tickets and Hotels across Globe ". We take this oppor-
tunity to express our sincere thanks towards the guide Prof. Vaibhav Godbole, C.R.C.E, Bandra (W),
Mumbai, for providing the technical guidelines, and the suggestions regarding the line of this work.
We enjoyed discussing the work progress with him for the project duration.

Kinjal Mhatre (Roll No. 8020)

Anushka Paradkar (Roll No. 8025)
Bevan Sequeira (Roll No. 8034)

Date:

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

Table of Contents

List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................... 7

List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 8
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 9
1.1 OVERVIEW: ........................................................................................................................................ 9
1.2 CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS: ............................................................................................................. 9
1.3 REQUIREMENTS OF ENTERPRISE NETWORK ..................................................................................... 9
2. Functional Areas and High-Level Modules ..................................................................................... 11
3. Network Devices Required ............................................................................................................. 12
4. Floor Wise Plan (TweetBook) ......................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Logistics .................................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Customer Service ..................................................................................................................... 18
4.3 Marketing Department ............................................................................................................ 19
4.4 Finance and Administration ..................................................................................................... 20
4.5 IT Division ................................................................................................................................. 21
5. Arrangement according to campus core, access layer, distribution layer ..................................... 22
6. Firewall Configuration .................................................................................................................... 24
7. Enterprise Edge and ISP connectivity ............................................................................................. 25
8. Expenditure on Buying Equipment ................................................................................................ 26
9. Remote Site Connectivity ............................................................................................................... 27
10. IP Addressing ................................................................................................................................ 28
11.Routing Protocol for the Organization .......................................................................................... 29
12. References .................................................................................................................................... 30

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

List of Figures

Figure 4.1 Logistics Department Network Design.............................................................................. 17

Figure 4.2 Customer Service Network Design.................................................................................... 18
Figure 4.3 Marketing Department Network Design........................................................................... 19
Figure 4.4 Finance And Administration Network Design ................................................................... 20
Figure 4.5 IT Division Network Design .............................................................................................. 21
Figure 5.1 Campus Core, Access Layer, and Distribution Layer Representation……………………………..22
Figure 6.1 Firewall Configuration………………………………………………………………………………………………….24
Figure 7.1 Enterprise Edge……………………………………………………………………………………………………………25

List of Tables

Table 8.2 Price Estimate .................................................................................................................... 26

Table 10.1 IP Addressing .................................................................................................................... 28

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

Glossary

DMZ De-Militarized Zone pg. 10

NCS Network Convergence System pg. 11, 28, 18, 22, 23

PoE Power over Ethernet pg. 12

WAP Wireless Access Point pg. 24

SIP Session Initiation Protocol pg. 15, 24

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol pg. 14

XML Extensible Mark-up Language pg. 14

API Application Programming Interface pg. 14

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect pg. 14

VPN Virtual Private Network pg. 25

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW:

Technology has played an important role in the hospitality and tourism industry over the last dec-
ade. Technology has helped reduce costs, enhance operational efficiency, and improve services and
customer experience. Both customers and businesses can benefit from improved communication,
reservations, and guest service systems. Technology has helped tourism and hospitality industries
replace expensive human labor with technological labor. This helps reduce labor costs, but also
helps avoid customer service issues. Information technologies have undoubtedly become one of the
most important elements of the tourism industry, since the generation, gathering, processing, ap-
plication and communication of information are very important for day-to-day operations in tourism
industry. Any tourism network should have a strong management, marketing, financing and logistics
functions. Along with this we are also focusing on creating an agile campus network solution to help build
high-performance core networks and highly efficient wireless access networks and enable networks to
be more agile for services. On agile networks, flexible and fast agile switches replace traditional switches.
They do not need to modify configurations for devices oneby one to change a service or take a long time
to locate a network fault. Users can flexibly and fast access an agile network and enjoy the same network
experience at any locations using any access mode.
1.2 CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS:
• Quick response to enquiries
• High performance and availability for bandwidth for applications such as voice, video,
and IP multicast to provide more detailed and tailored information on tourism des-
tinations
• Internet service: Possibility of booking travel, accommodation and restaurants
online and be able to check out competition easily at the click of a button.
• E-mail system: mainly with peer exchanges, technical cooperation, making bookings
and other facilities. The network provides the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), net-
work printer, and multimedia services.
• Users in branch campuses can access the main network through the Intranet.
• Users outside the campuses can access the main network through the Internet.

1.3 REQUIREMENTS OF ENTERPRISE NETWORK

▪ Logistics
The logistic activities in tourism companies contribute to the improvement in the experience
and satisfaction of customers, workers, businessmen, suppliers and community, where
tourism activity is developed, constituting an effective business management tool, adding
value to tourism. The logistics discipline in tourism aims to support the main activities of the
sector. In the case of tourism companies, it is about providing services that complement the
main activities such as a hotel, whose essential function is to host tourists.

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

▪ Customer service
There are many choices today for delivering high-quality customer service. This can manage
by activities in-house or outsource to a third party. Basic customer service for sales and post-
sales activities can be handled using email and, for more extensive needs, phone support. A
customer-management system will make those activities easier, and is major requirement
for the undertaken project.

▪ Finance and Administration

The finance and administrations have an important role to play wherein they handle: Book-
ing Management, Auditing, Bookkeeping, Financial Reporting and Control Tax and Compli-
ance, Risk Management, Treasury and Working Capital Management

▪ Sales & Marketing

Of all the infrastructure elements, marketing may be the most important. To succeed, web-
site must be found. Once visitors are on your site, you need to keep them there and compel
them to buy from you. That’s the job of your marketing team. Whether its website design,
social media, search marketing, merchandising, email, or other forms of advertising, it’s all
about marketing. Managing marketing activities in-house is very challenging. Most small e-
tourism businesses outsource at least part of it.

▪ Information technology
In e-tourism it is always better to have control over the servers and have an internal Infor-
mation Technology staff maintain it. The needs of company such as development, integra-
tions, migrations, patches, updates can be delivered efficiently in presence of IT division.
Besides for maintaining network configurations it is necessary to have properly trained staff.

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

2. Functional Areas and High-Level Modules

Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
The DMZ separates the corporate network from the Internet. The DMZ is a tightly secured
area into which you place servers providing Internet services and facilities (for example, web
servers). These machines are hardened to withstand the attacks they might face. To limit
exposure in case of a security breach from such attacks, these servers typically contain no
information about the internal network. For example, the name server facilities only include the
server and the routers to the Internet. The DMZ still remains segmented from the internal
networks. Web servers, FTP servers, mail servers, and external DNS should be located on a DMZ
segment.

Intranet
The DMZ provides a network segment for hosts that offer services to the Internet. This
design protects your internal hosts, as they do not reside on the same segment as hosts that
could be compromised by an external attack. Separation of services in this manner also permits
tighter controls to be placed on the router filtering. The firewall rules providing the segmentation
should be configured similarly to the rules used for the DMZ’s firewall.

Internal Network
Machines on internal networks should not communicate directly with machines on the
Internet. Preferably, these machines avoid direct communication with machines in the DMZ.
Ultimately, the services they require should reside on hosts in the intranet. A host on the intranet
can in turn communicate with a host in the DMZ to complete a service (such as outbound email
or DNS). This indirect communication is acceptable.

Proxies
Proxy communicates directly with machines on the Internet, it should reside in the DMZ.
However, this conflicts with the desire to prevent internal machines from directly communicating
with DMZ machines. To keep this communication indirect, use a double proxy system. A second
proxy residing in the intranet passes connection requests of the internal machines to the proxy
in the DMZ, which in turn makes the actual connection out on the Internet.

Firewall Configuration
Based on the network’s topology, the only packets containing a source IP address from
internal machines should come from within the network itself, not from the Internet. By
preventing IP spoofing, this possibility is eliminated, and the potential for bypassing IP address-
based authorization and the other firewall filtering rules is reduced. Use the same IP-spoofing
protection on any internal firewall as well.

Mobile Users
When you have remote or mobile users, pay attention should be made in a way to will
provide them access to the facilities. The mobile deployment should be made secured and
omnipresent in order to avoid loss to the company.
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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

3. Network Devices Required

1) Cisco Network Convergence System 5500 series routers:

The Network Convergence System (NCS) 5500 Series offers industry-leading density of routed 100
GE ports for high-scale WAN aggregation. It is designed to efficiently scale between data centres and
large enterprise, web, and service provider WAN and aggregation networks.

Features:

a) High performance and high capacity: Up to 288 100-Gbps ports at up to 28 Tbps

in one-third of a rack.

b) Redundancy: Redundant processors, fabric, and power

c) Low power consumption: The NCS series uses only 0.3 watt per 1 Gbps.

d) WAN aggregation solution: The series runs latest version of Cisco IOS XR Software
and supports segment routing, advanced forwarding feature sets, and
programmable network management.

2) Cisco Catalyst 9300 Series Switches:

The Catalyst 9300 Series is the next generation of the industry's most widely deployed stackable
switching platform, and it was recently recognized as CRN's 2017 Overall Network Product of the
Year. But for security, IoT, and the cloud, those network switches form the foundation for Cisco's
Software-Defined Access, our leading enterprise architecture.

Features:

• Highest wireless scale for Wi-Fi 6 and 802.11ac Wave 2 access points supported
on a single switch with select models

• Cisco UADP 2.0 Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) with programmable

pipeline and micro engine capabilities, along with template-based, configurable
allocation of Layer 2 and Layer 3 forwarding, Access Control Lists (ACLs), and
Quality of Service (QoS) entries

• x86 CPU complex with 8-GB memory, and 16 GB of flash and external USB 3.0
SSD pluggable storage slot (delivering 120GB of storage with an option SSD drive)
to host containers

● USB 2.0 slot to load system images and set configurations

● Up to 480 Gbps of local stackable switching bandwidth

● Flexible and dense uplink offerings with 1G, Multigigabit, 10G, 25G, and 40G in
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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

the form of fixed or modular uplinks

● Easy transition from 10G to 25G with dual-rate optics

● Flexible downlink options with 1G Copper and Fibre as well as Multigigabit links

● Leading PoE capabilities with up to 384 ports of PoE per stack, 60W Cisco UPOE,
and PoE+

● Intelligent Power Management with Cisco Stack Power technology, providing

power stacking among members for power redundancy

● Line-rate, hardware-based Flexible NetFlow (FNF), delivering flow collection of

up to 64,000 flows

● IPv6 support in hardware, providing wire-rate forwarding for IPv6 networks

● Dual-stack support for IPv4/IPv6 and dynamic hardware forwarding table

allocations, for ease of IPv4-to-IPv6 migration

● IEEE 802.1ba AV Bridging (AVB) built in to provide a better audio and video
experience through improved time synchronization and QoS

● Precision Time Protocol (PTP; IEEE 1588v2) provides accurate clock

synchronization with sub-microsecond accuracy making it suitable for distribution
and synchronization of time and frequency over network

● Cisco IOS XE, a modern operating system for the enterprise with support for
model-driven programmability including NETCONF, RESTCONF, YANG, on-box Python
scripting, streaming telemetry, container-based application hosting, and patching for
critical bug fixes. The OS also has built-in defences to protect against runtime attacks.

3) Cisco Aironet 3800 WAP:

For organizations paving the way for the new 802.11ac Wave 2 standard, the Cisco
Aironet 3800 Series is the perfect solution. The access points go beyond getting ready
for the new standard, providing the ultimate in flexibility and versatility.

For large enterprise organizations that rely on Wi-Fi to engage with customers, the
3800 Series is a hands-off product that’s intelligent enough to make decisions based
on end-device activities and usage. This automation allows you to devote time to
other pressing matters, secure in the knowledge that your Wi-Fi network is
performing to its utmost potential.

- 802.11ac Wave 2 support

- Multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) technology
- Multigigabit Ethernet support
- Flexible Radio Assignment

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

4) NAS (Network Attached Storage):

Dell Storage NX430

The NX430 is Dell's entry-level appliance in its NX Storage family. Designed for use with Windows
Storage Server 2016, it comes with the operating system pre-installed for easy deployment. It's built
on Dell's PowerEdge server platform featuring Intel Xeon processors.

Form factor: 1U rack-mount

Media: SAS or SATA HDD

Maximum Capacity: 40 TB

Key Features:

• Intel® Xeon® processor E3-1220 v5

• Up to four hot-swap 3.5” NL-SAS or SATA drives for data and OS

• Built on Dell R330 PowerEdge Server

• Continuous Availability and failover clustering

• RAID 5

• Data deduplication

• Thin provisioning

• DFS-R synchronization capabilities

5) Cisco Route Switch Processor 4

The Route Switch Processor 4 (RSP4) is the main system processor for the Cisco 7500 Series Router.
The RSP4 combines all of the routing and high-speed switching functions for the Cisco 7500 series
router. In addition to running the system software, the RSP4 contains and executes the following
management functions that control the system:

• Sending and receiving routing protocol updates

• Managing tables and caches

• Monitoring interface and environmental status

• Providing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) management

and the interface between the console and Telnet

The high-speed switching section of the RSP4 communicates with and controls
the interface processors on the Cisco 7500's internal high-speed buses. This
switching section determines the destination of a packet, and switches it based
on that decision.

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6) The Cisco UCS® C220 M5 Rack Server

The Cisco UCS C220 M5 Rack Server is among the most versatile general-purpose enterprise
infrastructure and application servers in the industry. It is a high-density 2-socket rack server that
delivers industry-leading performance and efficiency for a wide range of workloads, including
virtualization, collaboration, and bare-metal applications.

The C220 M5 delivers outstanding levels of expandability and performance in a compact package,
with:

● Latest (second generation) Intel Xeon Scalable CPUs with up to 28 cores per socket

● Supports first-generation Intel Xeon Scalable CPUs with up to 28 cores per socket

● Up to 24 DDR4 DIMMs for improved performance

● Support for the Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory (128G, 256G, 512G)

● Up to 10 Small-Form-Factor (SFF) 2.5-inch drives or 4 Large-Form-Factor (LFF) 3.5-inch drives

(77 TB storage capacity with all NVMe PCIe SSDs)

● Support for 12-Gbps SAS modular RAID controller in a dedicated slot, leaving the remaining PCIe
Generation 3.0 slots available for other expansion cards

● Modular LAN-On-Motherboard (mLOM) slot that can be used to install a Cisco UCS Virtual
Interface Card (VIC) without consuming a PCIe slot

● Dual embedded Intel x550 10GBASE-T LAN-On-Motherboard (LOM) ports

The Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) delivers comprehensive out-of-band server
management with support for many industry standards, including:
● Redfish Version 1.01 (v1.01)
● Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) v2.0
● Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) v2 and v3
● Syslog
● Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
● Key Management Interoperability Protocol (KMIP)
● HTML5 GUI
● HTML5 virtual Keyboard, Video, and Mouse (vKVM)
● Command-Line Interface (CLI)
● XML API

7) Cisco Unified SIP Phone 3900 Series:

The Cisco® Unified SIP Phone 3905 is a cost-effective, entry-level IP phone that addresses the need
for basic voice communications with common Cisco Unified Communications features in an
attractive design that is also budget-friendly. The phone can fill the communication needs of cubicle,
retail, classroom, manufacturing floor and hallway, as well as various wall-mounted deployments.
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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

Call Features:

• Adjustable volume levels

• Auto barge
• Call forward
• Call pickup
• Call waiting
• Call transfer
• Conference
• Forced Authorization Codes (FAC)
• Group call pickup
• Message-waiting indicator
• Music on hold
• Private-line automatic ringdown (PLAR)
• Redial
• Shared line

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4. Floor Wise Plan (TweetBook)

4.1 Logistics

Figure 4.1 Logistics Department Network Design

The logistics which is located on 1st floor will have access to internet via a router and 2
switches. The Ethernet connection will be provided to the laptops and desktop PCs of the
department and will have their own NAS for storage purposes. The Wi-Fi enabled devices such and
mobile phones and laptops will also be provided with wireless access point. The Logistics division
employees can print the documents via printers connected on network, which implies ease of use.

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4.2 Customer Service

Figure 4. 2 Customer Service Network Design

The customer service department has to persistently solve the queries of the
users/consumers of the company. As this department should be active 24/7 it is subdivided into two
regions which are held up by one router each. This redundancy assures that if one router fails the
other router branch will be still active. One important component in the customer service
architecture is IP telephony in this case. The calls of customers will be redirected to various customer
service representatives. Also each customer service rep. will have a computer attached to internet
too work on The IP telephony can be carried out wither wired or wirelessly. The department also
has its’s own NAS to store customer complaint data.

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

4.3 Marketing Department

Figure 4.3 Marketing Department Network Design

The marketing division of any online goods selling company should be active and
should try to market the products that company has to sell to maintain positive cash flow.
The marketing division consists of similar architecture as of HR division, where they will have
access to internet via a router and 2 switches. The first switch serving to wired connection
and second switch serving to a NAS and a wireless access point. This type of architecture will
support the needs of marketing team of the company. To make creative marketing campaigns
they will have access to adequate desktops with internet connectivity. The wireless access
point will guarantee access to Wi-Fi enabled devices so that the marketing team can work
anywhere on their floor as per their convenience.

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

4.4 Finance and Administration

Figure 4.4 Finance And Administration Network Design

The company’s analysis about financial data is dealt by finance and administrator division of
the company. It is very important to analyse the finance data can be analysed at the workstations
allotted with the addition of third switch. The analysed data can be stored in the department’s
network attached server. There are total 3 switches in this configuration where in different
subdivisions of finance and administrations. The cat5 cable will guarantee the speed of connection
will be fast.

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

4.5 IT Division

Figure 4.5 IT Division Network Design

The IT branch will cater to all the technological needs of other divisions may it be
configurations, making online platform, upscaling/downscaling the server configurations to make
best use of available hardware, and to develop internal software for smooth functioning of company.
This will call for multi-branched division, so for architecture of this division multiple switches are
arranged to cater the needs. One wireless access point for mobile devices. The divisions can be
isolated or merged as per company’s needs. The concept of parallel software development can be
enhanced using this type of architecture.

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

5. Arrangement according to campus core, access layer,

distribution layer

Figure 5.1 Campus Core, Access Layer, and Distribution Layer Representation

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

The access layer has been discussed in previous floor plans, but rising from floor-wise
connections it is time for discussing about distribution layer. As seen in the architecture diagram
above the access layer is connected in mesh topology with the Cisco Route Switch Processors in
distribution layer to assure redundancy and fine control on system. The distribution layer processors
and in-turn connected with campus core where again such high speed and high capability Cisco
Route Switch Processors are available to handle the heavy traffic and perform efficient switching.
These campus core processors are connected to:
1) Servers (Mainly DNS Server, Mail Server, Web Server
2) Via a switch to Agent and Cisco Unified CCE and
3) Via a switch to NAS and databases of the company

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6. Firewall Configuration

Figure 6.1 Firewall Configuration

The firewall configuration is set to majorly two servers:

1) Cisco UCS c220 M5 Rack server:
a. This server supports Mail Server and Web Server configuration and therefore
needs a firewall to check incoming and outgoing traffic.
2) NAS with Databases of company:
a. This database server will be used to store data internally in company and for the
software product of company plus the user data.

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7. Enterprise Edge and ISP connectivity

Figure 7.1 Enterprise Edge

The enterprise edge will be connected to two ISPs namely A and B to ensure redundancy and also
as a backup. The ISP connections leased will have speeds

1) Verizon 960 Mbps

2) COX 1000 Mbps

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

8. Expenditure on Buying Equipment

Table 8.1 Price Estimate
Name of Equipment Units Needed Price per unit Total
₹ ₹

Cisco Network Convergence System 5 1,00,000 5,00,000

5501 series Router

Cisco Catalyst 9300 Series Switch 17 1,05,000 17,85,000

Cisco Aironet 3800 WAP 5 56,083 2,80,415

Dell Storage NX430 NAS 4 174930 6,99,720

The Cisco UCS® C220 M5 Rack 1 2,52,384 2,52,384

Server

Cisco Unified SIP Phone 3900 Series 50 2940 1,47,000

Verizon 960Mbps 1 30000 p.m. 30000

COX 1000Mbps 1 50000 p.m. 50000

CAT5 (500 m) 1 500000 500000

Grand Total ₹42,44,519/-

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

9. Remote Site Connectivity

The UDP packets like voice, videos etc. need low latency and easy provisioning, with low cost and
the normal wan technologies like Frame relay, ATM cannot provide this so we use VPN technology.
Multiprotocol Label Switching is mostly used by ISP’s for their backbone
And also, by some large enterprise.
• It uses label path for forwarding packets
• It uses label of 32 bit which is inserted between Layer 2 and Layer 3.
• MPLS often called as shim header.
L2 mpls vpn and L3 mpls vpn:
Tunnel based virtual networks:
A tunnel is a virtual network made up of N number of routers but looks as if the tunnel is made up
of two routers connected with interfaces.
Types:
1) GRE
2) Multipoint GRE
3) DMVPN
4) IPsec

We will use DMVPN and details are as follows:

It is a secure network that exchanges data between sites without needing to pass traffic
through an organization's headquarter virtual private network (VPN) server or router.
DMVPN deployments include mechanisms such as GRE tunnelling and IPsec encryption with Next
Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) routing that are designed to reduce administrative burden and
provide reliable dynamic connectivity between sites. It is in every company’s advantage to make use
of DMVPN where possible, to help reduce WAN costs and increase bandwidth and reliability.

Direct spoke-to-spoke deployments provide a number of advantages when compared to traditional

VPN deployments:

• Traffic between remote sites does not need to traverse the hub (headquarter VPN router).
• A DMVPN deployment eliminates additional bandwidth requirements at the hub.
• DMVPNs eliminate additional network delays.
• DMVPNs conserve WAN bandwidth.
• They lower costs for VPN circuits.
• They increase resiliency and redundancy.

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10. IP Addressing

BookMyTrip incporation is a mid-sized to large sized company and will therefore have ample
amount of hosts. The IP addressing used for networks of BookMyTrip will be will be IP version 4
addresses, which uniquely identify a device on IP network.

The IP Address Class chosen for the project undertaken will be Class ‘A’ IP addressing. This is
because class A has IP addresses which will be enough for BookMyTrip employee strength.

For the internal network infrastructure we will use private network ranges ranging from
10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8)
This allows the greatest flexibility with the equivalent of 255 Class A address spaces to be
used as needed. The public address space can be difficult to get and can be expensive so the IP
addresses will be carefully mapped to private IP addresses in the company.

Table 10.1 IP Addressing

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11.Routing Protocol for the Organization

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
It is used to Exchange routing information for the internet and is the protocol used between
ISP which are different ASes.
The protocol can connect together any internetwork of autonomous system using an arbi-
trary topology. The only requirement is that each AS have at least one router that is able to
run BGP and that is router connect to at least one other AS’s BGP router. BGP’s main
function is to exchange network reach-ability information with other BGP systems. Border
Gateway Protocol constructs an autonomous systems’ graph based on the information ex-
changed between BGP routers.
Characteristics of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP):
• Inter-Autonomous System Configuration: The main role of BGP is to provide com-
munication between two autonomous systems.
• BGP supports Next-Hop Paradigm.
• Coordination among multiple BGP speakers within the AS (Autonomous System).
• Path Information: BGP advertisement also include path information, along with the
reachable destination and next destination pair.
• Policy Support: BGP can implement policies that can be configured by the adminis-
trator. For ex: - a router running BGP can be configured to distinguish between the
routes that are known within the AS and that which are known from outside the AS.
• Runs Over TCP.
• BGP conserve network Bandwidth.
• BGP supports CIDR.
• BGP also supports Security.
Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Protocol
▪ SET protocol was initially designed by Visa and MasterCard in 1997 and has evolved
since then. SET protocol meets the four security requirements for EC as SSL(Secure
Socket Layer) does: authentication, encryption, integrity, and non repu diation. In ad-
dition, SET defines the message format, certificate format, and procedure of message
exchange as depicted in.
▪ The role of payment gateway is to connect the Internet and proprietary networks of
banks. Each participating entity needs its own certificate. To keep the consumer’s
certificate in his or her personal computer or IC card, software called the electronic
wallet, or digital wallet, is necessary. To connect the dig-ital wallet with various mer-
chants, interoperability is a very important characteristic to meet.

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BookMyTrip Corporation Dealing with Booking Tickets and Hotels across Globe

12. References

1) https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/switches/index.html

2) https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/routers/index.html

3) https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/routers/network-convergence-system-
5500-series/index.html

4) https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/cisco-ncs-5500-series-router-
19446672655.html

5) https://www.router-switch.com/cisco-catalyst-9300-switches-price.html

6) https://www.eagle.in/shop/cisco-ucs-c220-m5-1u-rack-server/

7) https://www.uml-diagrams.org/network-architecture-diagrams.html

8) https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/collaboration-
endpoints/unified-sip-phone-3905/data_sheet_c78-651588.html

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