REEL sige Study of Gamete Development in Mouse (Mammal) OnLy INTRODUCTION 4, Gametes are the sex cells involved in the process of sexual reproduction. 2, The gametes differ from all other cells (= somatic cells) of the body in that their nuclei contain only half the number of chromosomes found in the nuclei of somatic cells. 3, Meiosis forms the most significant part of process of gametogenesis. = Gametogenesis for the formation of sperms is termed spermatogenesis, while that of ova is called oogenesis. 5. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, whereas oogenesis occurs in the ovaries. EXPERIMENT 11.1 & Objective. To study and identify the stages of gamete development in mouse (mammal) ie., TS. of testis and L.S. of ovary through permanent slide. REQUIREMENTS Permanent slide of T'S. of testis and L.S. of ovary, microscope. PROCEDURE Fix the permanent slide under the microscope. First observe it under the low power and then Under high power, _ OBSERVATION ‘The testis of a mouse (mammal) is covered by a thick fibrous tissue called tunica albuginea. ‘The testis consists of numerous seminiferous tubules embedded in the interstitial tissue. Various types of germinal cells are present from outside towards lumen in the following sequence. Spermatogonia > Spermatocytes > Spermatids — Spermatozoa — Sperms. Between the germinal cells, pyramid shaped cells called sertoli cells are present.E jn embedded in setoll cells are present inthe er of spermatozoa with thelr hea Alarge numb ‘niferous tubule. Jumen of sem! stitial tissue also contain le} sydigs cells, which produce male sex hormone testosterone, 6 Theintel Visceral peritoneum Tunica albuginea ‘Spermatozoa Spermatid Blood vess: Comprehensive Laboratory Manual in Biology—yy | seminiferous tubule Secondary Spermatocyte Serol cell Primary spermatocyte Connective tissue Sertoli cell Germinal epthelium ye ‘Spermatogonia —> ay SIS Spermatogonium Spermatocyies A ‘Spermatids Spermatozoa Intersttal a calls 8 Fig. 11.1. A.A Part of transverse section of testis of mouse (mammal). Sectional view of a part of seminiferous tubule (enlarged) VS. of Ovary < Amouse ovary isa solid structure bounded by germinal epithelium followed by a thi Sbrous tissue, the tunica albuginia. Primary follicle ‘Secondary follicle Tertiary follicle Visceral peritoneum. Graafian follicle Corpus luteum ‘Ruptured follicle Fig. 11.2. A section of ovary of mouse (mammal),\ Core Experiments 67 The ovary consists of outer cortex and inner medulla. ~ 3, The medulla contains many rounded or oval bodies called ovarian or Graafian follicles at various " stages of development. 4. The medulla also contains blood vessels, nerves fibres and some smooth muscles. 5, Each follicle contains a large ovum surrounded by many layers of follicle cells. 6. ‘The cortex contains young and mature follicles. 7. ‘ihe cortex may also contain a large mass of yellow cells termed corpus luteum, formed in an empty Graafian follicle after the release of its ovum. PRECAUTIONS _ 1. First observe the slide under low power and then under the high power of the microscope. 2. Use fine adjustment of the microscope for focussing the slide under high power. & VIVA VOCE Q.1. What is gametogenesis ? Ans. Gametogenesis is the process by which male and female sex cells or gametes i.e., sperms and ova are formed respectively in the testes and ovaries. . What is spermatogenesis ? . The process of formation of sperms in the testis is called spermatogenesis. . What is oogenesis ? . The process of formation of ova in the ovary is called oogenesis. . What are the main parts of a spermatozoa ? - Atypical mammalian spermatozoa consists of a head, neck, middle piece and tail. . 5, At what stage does the human ovum is released from the ovary ? . The ovum is released from the ovary in the secondary oocyte stage.