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Language Functions and Expressions - Blog

The document provides a list of language functions used for developing and justifying an argument, summarizing, challenging arguments, expressing reservations, hypothesizing, indicating understanding, rephrasing, making suggestions, establishing common ground, evaluating different standpoints, expressing sympathy and empathy, evaluating options and past actions, deducing and inferring, and recovering thoughts.

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44 views1 page

Language Functions and Expressions - Blog

The document provides a list of language functions used for developing and justifying an argument, summarizing, challenging arguments, expressing reservations, hypothesizing, indicating understanding, rephrasing, making suggestions, establishing common ground, evaluating different standpoints, expressing sympathy and empathy, evaluating options and past actions, deducing and inferring, and recovering thoughts.

Uploaded by

gemma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS (C1)

DEVELOPING AND STAGING EXPRESSING RESERVATIONS


JUSTIFYING AN ARGUMENT
Firstly, / In the first place / To I have my doubts about that.

• The way I see it…


start with
Do you think so? I doubt it.

• As I see it,
Secondly, / In the second place
You may have a point there, but
• I have the impression that…
What’s more / On top of that / I’m still not sure

• Personally,
Furthermore /

• To my mind,
Finally / Last but not least
EXPRESSING CAUTION
• I don’t know about you, but
I…
HYPOTHESISING I can’t say if

• Speaking from personal I would be careful, if I were you

experience,
• Could it be that …
Just be careful with that

• For me personally,
• It might be that case that…
If I were you I would

• I wonder if …

SUMMARISING CHALLENGING ARGUMENTS


INDICATING AND OPINIONS
• In a nutshell,
UNDERSTANDING OF POINTS
• To make a long story short,
MADE BY THE EXAMINER I (can) see your point, but

• The bottom line is …


Yes, but wouldn’t you say that…

• On balance, we can • Yes, absolutely


Yes, but don’t you feel that …

conclude that…
• Exactly
Well…maybe…possibly…

• Hmm, I see what you mean


I think that’s debatable.

REPHRASING • I can see what you’re I agree to some extent but

getting at
I’m not so sure about that

• In other words,
• I see your point

• ..., that is to say, …


• I couldn’t agree more
MAKING SUGGESTIONS

• OK, so you mean (to say) • You have a point there.

that…
Why don’t you…?

• OK, so what you mean is …


ESTABLISHING COMMON If I were you…

GROUND / PURPOSE OR
EVALUATING DIFFERENT STRATEGY I wonder if it might be better …

STANDPOINTS
• Would you agree that…
FILLERS

• That’s a very good point


• Reaching a conclusion: So,
• That’s a valid point
to sum up,
• So,

• I agree entirely
• You see, …

• That’s an interesting point, EXPRESSING SYMPATHY • …, you see, …

but / however…
AND EMPATHY • You know,

• You may / might be right


• I mean,

I’m sorry to hear about…

EVALUATING OPTIONS / That must be awful.

PAST ACTIONS / COURSE OF That’s so sad.


RECOVERING YOUR
EVENTS I do sympathise with you.
THOUGHTS
I hope things get better soon.

Past modals of deduction:


I hope you feel better soon.
Where was I?

He must have (thought)


Oh dear! 
 What was I saying?

He can’t have (seen)


Too bad!

That’s a pity!

DEDUCING AND INFERRING That’s unfortunate.

I know how you must be feeling.

I imagine / I guess / I take it…


I know what you mean.

From what you’re saying, it


seems to me (that)…

From what you’re saying, then, I


take it…/ I guess

I dare say that…

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