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Triad Magnetics Guide To Inductors Ebook 1

Inductors store energy in magnetic fields and oppose changes in electric current. The document discusses the history of discoveries around inductance by Oersted, Henry and Faraday. It then defines key inductance concepts like inductance, flux, permeability and time constants. Finally, it introduces Triad Magnetics as an experienced manufacturer of high-quality inductors and magnetic components.

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127 views4 pages

Triad Magnetics Guide To Inductors Ebook 1

Inductors store energy in magnetic fields and oppose changes in electric current. The document discusses the history of discoveries around inductance by Oersted, Henry and Faraday. It then defines key inductance concepts like inductance, flux, permeability and time constants. Finally, it introduces Triad Magnetics as an experienced manufacturer of high-quality inductors and magnetic components.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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M A G N E T I C S

Guide to Inductors:
Inductance
TRIAD MAGNETICS’ GUIDE TO INDUCTORS

Lodestone, one of the most common iron core oxides, is made of the mineral magnetite.
As its name implies, it is naturally magnetic.

Though its magnetic properties were known upon its discovery in antiquity, no major research
was done into magnetite until Hans Christian Oersted discovered the relationship between
electricity and magnetism in 1820. He posited and proved that a magnetic effect could be
created by flowing electricity.

Following Oersted, Joseph Henry and Michael Faraday studied coil circuits, proving that the spark
created by circuits during a current interruption was caused by an electromotive force created by
the coil itself. Further, they proved that magnetic movement can produce electrical current.

Together, these three men are considered to be the fathers of modern electronics.

Inductance and Related Parameters


Technicians and electrical engineers alike regularly use or encounter inductors in the course
of their work. The design and manufacture of such inductors is best left to specialists, but it is
important for anyone using them to have a thorough understanding of their basic functional
and operational principles.

Inductance
When the electric current flowing through a coil is varied, such as an AC flow, this change creates
a similar change in the coil’s magnetic field.

The resultant change in magnetic field induces a second current, in opposition to the source
current, in the coil. This is known as self-inductance, or inductance, which is defined as the
property of an electric circuit that opposes changes to the current that is flowing through it.

More specifically, inductance (represented as L in equations and measurements) is the amount


that rate of change in current is multiplied by in order to obtain the induced electromagnetic
force (EMF). The equation for this is: e = –L(di/dt).

Here inductance, L, is the constant — it is referred to as the coefficient of self-induction and is


measured in henrys (H). It is negative in the equation to indicate that the inductance voltage
has opposite polarity from the source voltage. One henry is equivalent to an induced EMF of
1 volt per one ampere-per-second of current change.

The amount of inductance in a coil is determined by the amount of flux linking that coil.
The amount of flux itself is determined by the size of the coiled wire, the number of turns
in the coil, and the arrangement of those turns. The presence, or absence, of a magnetic
material in the core of the coil is also a factor.

460 Harley Knox Blvd | Perris, CA 92571 | Tel: 951.277.0757 | www.triadmagnetics.com 2


Flux
The energy stored in the form of magnetic flux is known as a flux linkage. This energy level
is determined by the inductance of the coil and the value of the coil’s current, represented
by this equation: W = ½LI2. In this way, an inductor can be used to store energy in addition
to its primary transfer capabilities.

The flux of a coil (ø) is measured by number of lines or by maxwells (Mx). The number of
lines of force per unit area, the flux density (B), is measured in gauss. Flux density is a measure
of maxwells per square centimeter and is proportional to magnetizing force (H), depending on
the permeability (µ) of the core medium: B = µH.

A coil is not required to have a magnetic material core in order to have inductance. Coils with high
frequencies in particular do not require a magnetic core. On the other hand, they are basically
essential for a reasonable amount of inductance to exist in medium and low frequency coils.

Permeability
The permeability of a medium is defined as the ratio between lines of force in a medium
and the number of lines the same magnetizing force would create in air.

The amount of permeability is further complicated by two factors. The first is hysteresis, or the
concept that the permeability of an iron core depends on the core’s past usage, or its “history”
so to speak. The second is the presence of an incoming DC current flow into the coil.

The presence of DC flow in a coil makes incremental permeability a necessary factor in establishing
inductance. Incremental permeability is the permeability of a magnetic material to AC currents that
are superimposed on top of a DC current.

Time Constants
It is normal for inductors to have some ohmic losses. These losses, when in series with inductance (L),
are represented as a resistance (R). As voltage (V) is applied to an inductor, the current gradually rises
to its steady value (V/R), as represented by this equation:

Ir = [(V/R)(1 − ε−tR/L)]

The time constant, L/R = T, is a measure of the time,


in seconds, it takes a given current to reach 63.2% of
its ultimate value. An inductor’s current decay follows
a logarithmic curve provided by a similar equation:

Id = [(V/R)(ε −t/T )]

Inductors from Triad


Over the course of more than 70 years, Triad
Magnetics has emerged as a leading manufacturer of high quality magnetics components, including
toroidal and power inductors. Our inductors maintain some of the highest available levels of stability
when used in a diverse range of temperature and voltage applications.

To learn more about Triad Magnetics’ custom magnetics components, custom design services, or
inductors in general, visit TriadMagnetics.com today.

460 Harley Knox Blvd | Perris, CA 92571 | Tel: 951.277.0757 | www.triadmagnetics.com 3


ABOUT TRIAD MAGNETICS
EXPERIENCE
With more than 500 transformer manufacturers in the world, we realize you have a choice. Why choose Triad Magnetics?
Having served the needs of our industry for more than half a century, we believe our experience makes the difference.
If there is one point our experience has taught us, it is that we must remain flexible and adaptable to the changing needs
of the market.

STANDARD OR CUSTOM
Over 1,000 part numbers mean you will probably find the component you need in our standard product line. If not,
the creative thinkers of Triad Magnetics can offer powerful custom solutions. Whether it’s Switchmode/High Frequency,
Wall Plug-In, Power Transformers, Inductors or Audio Transformers, each product is backed up by the industry’s most
resourceful and organized magnetic supplier organization.

DESIGN INNOVATION
Triad Magnetics’ pioneering design process promotes innovation. There are thousands of Triad Magnetics designs
providing application solutions throughout the world, from data processing to telecommunications to power conversion.
Our engineers are experienced in all packaging styles, even paper encapsulated units. Each engineer has direct ownership
and manages projects from initial concept through production.

WORLD-CLASS MANUFACTURING
Advanced cellular production techniques provide the shortest cycle times in the business and minimize material handling.
The industry’s most comprehensive array of production tools include automated fly winding and stick winding processes
for bobbin and paper type construction. State-of-the-art welding and impregnation facilities add speed and flexibility.

View Our Product


Contact Us Today
Demonstrations

460 Harley Knox Blvd | Perris, CA 92571 | Tel: 951.277.0757 | www.triadmagnetics.com

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