B.S.

Computer Science Project Proposal

ONLINE HOTEL RESERVATION SYSTEM

April 2021

Submitted By

Fazal e Manan (1316-2017)

Ubaidullah Mushtaq (1278-2017)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING
HAMDARD INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
HAMDARD UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD CAMPUS
 Table of Contents

1. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 1

2. Aims and Objective...............................................................................................................1

3. Problem Statement...............................................................................................................1

4. Literature Review.................................................................................................................. 1

5. Project Scope....................................................................................................................... 1

6. Methodology......................................................................................................................... 1

7. Functional & Non-Functional Requirements.........................................................................2

7. 1. Functional Requirements...............................................................................................2

7. 2. Non - Functional Requirements.....................................................................................2

8. Tools/Technology................................................................................................................. 2

8. 1. Hardware Requirements............................................................................................2

8. 2. Software Requirements..............................................................................................2

9. Milestones............................................................................................................................ 2

10. Project Proposed Time Schedule......................................................................................2

11. Budget Description............................................................................................................3

12. References........................................................................................................................ 3

13. Undertaking....................................................................................................................... 4

14. Supervisor’s Comments....................................................................................................4

15. Other Important Information about Project Format............................................................5

 1. Introduction
The Hotel Industry like any other business opens up socio-economic opportunities for
both owner and customer. It has the function of providing hospitality services to customers.
These customers can be travelers, foreigners ,businessmen, tourists, visitors, etc .In the 21st
century, the tourism industry has seen incredible growth and prosperity at a global level.
The international tourist arrivals have increased from 528 million in the year 2005 to

1.19 billion in the year 2015 (www.statista.com, 2019). Customers are mostly constrained

in trying to get a room to pass the night, as the usual practice is to look for a hotel when you
have arrived in the particular location, walk in and find out whether there is a vacant room. In
the case that there is no vacant room, you have to move to next closest hotel to enquire once
more. So what happens if you move around sometimes very late in the night in search of a room and
all close by hotels are fully booked? Other times you may be lucky to have the contact number of the
hotel to reach them to book for a room. But do the hotel attendants really ensure to keep a
room for you? You would be lucky to go and get a room booked for you. They are quick
to serve those who walk in rather than those who may get access to them on phone to book a
room. On other times too, if you have friends or family members in the area you want a room
booked, they have to go and do the checking for you. There is no system in place that
bonds the hotel and the customer that the customer has actually booked a room and for that
matter he is guaranteed a room. This can make customers really stranded especially if it is
getting late in the night.

It is in this light that this study looks at the activities at MOUNTAIN TRACK Hotel in BALAKOT.
MOUNTAIN TRACK Hotel was established in the 2014. It is a budget hotel meaning it is
less than a one star hotel. It was established to provide accommodation and catering services
for tourists, locals, foreigners who are in Balakot to trade, rest, eat as well as those on
vacation. At present about 25 employees are working attached to several departments
of the hotel.

MOUNTAIN TRACK Hotel uses a manual booking system to date. Normally when a the book
for booking gets filled, it is damped elsewhere and sometimes disposed which is not a good practice
as you cannot analyze data to see trends, and make proper planning. Management is not
excited about this since they are notable to keep proper records or details. This obviously
can limit their competitiveness since customers cannot book for a room from any location by
themselves. The study therefore aimed at developing an online hotel reservation system to
enable customers book for whatever they need from wherever location they are before lodging into

1
the hotel. The system is to allow for easy access and retrieval of information and reporting. With such
a system in place, MOUNTAIN TRACK Hotel would be more competitive.

2. Aims and Objective

The focus of this study is to investigate the possibility of developing an
ecommerce platform that would be able to connect the hotel services to their
consumers online, and will help in maintaining an online relationship. The study
aims at investigating the development and role of e-commerce platform to the
business owner of hotel management. Moreover, the study has also focused on
employing the ecommerce frameworks that would be effective in rapid
development of the IT infrastructure of Pakistan.
Goals
I. To avoid wasting time visiting every hotel personally/physically.
II. Online interaction of user and hotel management.
III. Search best and budget able hotel room before visiting tourist spot
IV. To complete the hotel booking flow, registration of the users, adding
details of the hotels.
Research Objectives
I. To highlight essential features to develop a Web based E-commerce
platform for Businesses by client booking Hotel.
II. To highlight essential features of fully mobile friendly web interface using
cutting edge technologies.
III. To understand and suggest solution of real world problem by mitigating
the issues
IV. To understand how customers with the help of an interface can compare
between hotel and its reviews.

3. Problem Statement
The MOUNTAIN TRACK Hotel requires a computer software package to facilitate the
automation of many manual tasks performed by the hotel staff. The package will be
produced in several releases. The hotel contains a number of hotel rooms available for
hire to guests. The information relevant to each room is

• Room number

• Basic price

• Maximum occupancy

• Type of room (single, double, twin, executive, suite)

The price of room is the basic room price with any seasonal price adjustment added.
Potential guests can reserve one or more rooms for a specified period using the
2
telephone. These reservations are handled by the booking clerks. The potential guest
requests the type of the room, arrival date, duration (or departure date). A search is
made for the availability of rooms for the dates required. If successful, the customer is
informed the details and the price. If accepted, a provisional reservation is made. This
provisional reservation is held for a duration entered by the booking clerk. The
provisional reservation is modified to a firm reservation when a deposit payment is
received and confirmed. This can be at the time of the initial reservation. The
receptionist can also make a reservation for potential guests who arrive without a
reservation, the deposit payment must be made at the time of initial reservation. It is
noted when guests check in, at which time a specific room is assigned of the type
required, and when the guest checks out. The room telephone is enabled or disabled at
checking in or checking out respectively. This is done using a telephone call logging
monitor. 

Web application for Hotel reservation. We will take the selection criteria from user and
display the hotels list for user basing on the criteria. User can book the room if there is
availability of the rooms in that particular hotel. There are three different types of user
roles for the application they are administrator, hotel agent and normal user. Following
are the actions provided for each user

Normal User:
Can register for the site
Search the hotel details basing on the criteria.
Book the hotel room
Can modify the self details.
Hotel Agent:
Can register for the site
Can add/update the details of the hotel.
Administration:
Will approve the new hotel details added to the application
Can delete the user/hotel details.

4. Literature Review
Online Booking Systems Information technology has transformed the service
industry into a simpler and more profitable business by making the internet one
of the main domain of sales and service provision. Online booking is a relatively
recent phenomenon that involves the use of web portals for offering reservation
services, like airline tickets, hotel rooms, and restaurant tables. It facilitates
personal relations between a service firm and client by allowing clients to receive
services 24-7. The online booking system is also expanding the potential of
services, allowing companies to have a global reach and add more services and
products in their tour packages. Over the last two decades, the use of online
booking systems has increased. The online hospitality market in Europe has
3
expanded from 20% in 1999 to 65.2% in 2009. Similarly, according to a 2002
survey, over 90% of airlines in the USA are offering airline ticketing and other
services on their website. Hotels, restaurants, airplanes, and travel agencies are
the main services that use an online booking system. Past research can be found
on how the online booking system works in these industries and how it has
transformed business operations and customer experience. The online booking
system has greatly expanded the business. It allows people across the world to
pre-plan the entire tour, while sitting in front of their computer, using complete
packages that cover transportation, accommodation, tourist tours, and meals.
However, the online booking system has not yet flourished to its full extent. There
are many industries where an online booking system can be useful, yet these
industries are relying on traditional mode of service provision and commerce. An
online booking system offers several advantages over an offline booking system
to service providers and clients. One major advantage of an online 16 Booking
system for service providing firms is it is time saving and does not require hotel
or restaurant management to guide the customers through the details of products
and services. Everything is shown on the web, and the client can easily choose
the product/services he or she is looking for. It allows companies to get in touch
with multiple clients at a time, increasing their satisfaction. Service providing
firms can also benefit from “word of mouth” marketing, using social media
platforms to get customers, without incurring the high costs of traditional
advertising methods. Another benefit, these online booking systems does not
only provide services to the customers, but also allow them to rate and review
the services online. This allows customers to make their purchase decision more
confidently by looking at the experiences of past customers of the same service.
In addition, customers can compare cost and service quality of multiple services
in the market before deciding. It is described as a more comfortable service
option, for customers can book their tickets or hotel room while sitting in their
houses. However, the online booking system is not free of shortcomings, and it
has several problems that must be considered before applying this system in any
industry. Visualization or human interaction is one major concern regarding the
online booking system. People prefer visiting the marquee or restaurant before
booking, because direct visualization gives them more satisfaction. Introducing
3D imaging has the potential of resolving the problem of visualization, as people
can now take an interactive tour of their destinations through the website.
Conducted a study comparing indirect experience (details of products in text and
images), virtual experience (details of products through 3D imaging), and direct
experience (direct product examination) and found the reaction of consumers to
virtual and direct experiences was similar. However, 3D imaging on websites has
higher costs, often inhibiting E-commerce websites from adding this feature. The
online booking system has also been criticized for causing the phenomenon of
disintermediation in any industry. Introduction of the online booking system can
bring an irreversible change in the business model of traditional offline firms,
which will have to search strategies to compete with online firms or they will lose
business. The online booking system has many such weak points that can be

4
 exploited by the offline firms to take customers away from the web. Since the
web has recently become a source for marketing and selling services, several
firms are not paying attention to customer reviews and surveys. They 17 Rarely
ask for feedback from their customers, and when asked, they rarely bring
changes in their booking services based on the feedback. Poor user experience
of customers who use an online booking system can also be a major problem.
Many online service providers have failed to develop a functional website with
well-organized content, user-friendly and clean structure, and secured payment
methods. Many online booking websites suffer from inadequate, outdated, or
extraneous information, absence of synchronization between modes of
communication with clients (web, e-mail, telephone etc.), absence of content
translation options to cater to global and local audiences, or poor software
implementation. These limitations adversely affect the customer attitude toward
the online booking system and discourage them from using the website for
booking. Nowadays, everything is moving towards online, and people are getting
more digital .It is a new wave of technology through people are getting used by,
and this is also improving people's life and time-saving.
4.1 Hotel Reservation Systems
A hotel reservation system, commonly known as a central reservation system (CRS) is a
computerized system that stores and distributes information of a hotel, resort or other
lodging facilities (www.mindspeakit.com). A CRS offers assistance to hoteliers to manage all of their
online marketing and sales where they can upload their rates and service availabilities to be
seen by sales channels(www.mindspeakit.com). The list of main modules that are present in a
CRS are: Content, Information stored on aCRS and Reporting.

4.1.1 Reservation System for Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore

Shangri-La Sentosa Resort in Singapore is one of the hotel chains for Shangri-La
Corporation. Its official website consists of many useful functions and is purposed at providing the
hotel’s information as well as an online reservation system. Visitors can get the hotel information such
as hotel location, room rates, promotions, room description, photo gallery and other
hotel facilities from their website (www.shangri-la.com/singapore/shangrila). It has a virtual
tour of the hotel. The places available in virtual tour are lobby, rooms, function rooms,
recreation, restaurant and bars. The hotel’s menu bar is on the left hand side of the
page. Each visitor has to install a Java app before he/she can view the virtual tour application
anyway. For businessperson usage, the website provides a function, which is called
meeting planner to assist them to plan their meetings. To reserve a room, there is a form for
guests to fill in their reservation details. In addition to room reservation, guests may fill in
another form to make special requests for their reservation. The structure of this website is
well organized and easy to navigate through. Visitors may get a lot of information from this
website. The content of the website is normally up-to-date. These are important to apply in
developing such a system, as information is crucial for potential guests. The system must make sure
that potential guests get the correct information, such as room rates and hotel location.
4.1.2Reservation system for Hotel Swiss-Garden Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 

5
Hotel Swiss garden is a well edified hotel located in KualaLumpur. Its website consists of
several functions and aim sat providing customers accurate information about the hotel as
well as their online reservation system(www.swissgarden.net). Visitors can get hotel information such
as location of hotel, room rates, room description and hotel facilities. The reservation
process requires guests to fill their details on a reservation form. Reservation is
guaranteed by giving credit card details or by cash deposit. The layout of their online system
is clear and user-friendly. Guests can browse through to get information easily. This online
system shows a picture of the hotel room. Guests are not able to view the whole picture of
the room they are going to reserve but a picture is worth thousand words. Instead of
using words to explain the room condition, it is more suitable for guests to have a virtual tour of
the room they are going to stay in. This can increase customer satisfaction. The online
system of Swiss-Garden is fully organized by its developer. The disadvantage of their online
system is that there is no telephone/mobile phone number to enable customers reach them; they
have only provided the physical address.

5. Project Scope
I. It is made for smart phones running on android.
II. It is made for those people who don’t have enough free time to visit every
marquee on the wedding occasions in their house.
III. It is also helpful for marquee owners, they don’t need much managers to
deal their customers and provide them information
IV. It is also made for those people who live in one city and want to arrange
occasions in some other cities so they can this also by not visiting that city
hotel or marquee personally.

6. Methodology
Macromedia Dreamweaver was used because it is user friendly and has a lot of
features.Dreamweaver lets users build Web pages by droppingelements onto the page
(Malloy, 2001). It provides transfer and synchronization features, the ability to find
and replace lines of text or code by search terms and regular expressions across the
entire site, and a templating feature that allows single-source update of shared code
and layout across entire sites without server-side scripting(lib.fsu.edu). The behavior panel
also enables use of basic JavaScript without any coding knowledge (Sfetcu,
2014).Microsoft internet explorer was the browser used for the project as it is free and

6
comes with all windows based operating system. Once the browser has connected to a
website, a document file is sent to the user’s computer. The browser contains HTML
commands, it interoperates these commands and displays the document as a
webpage. Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) isa multimedia platform used to add animati
on, video,and interactivity to web pages (Bidgoli, 2011).WAMP is a package of
independently-created programs installed on computers that use a Microsoft Windows
operating system (techstream.org). WAMP is an acronym formed from the initials of the operating
system Microsoft Windows and the principal components of the package: Apache,
MySQL and one of PHP, Perl or Python(adroitcare.wordpress.com). PHP is a scripting
language that can manipulate information held in a database and generate web pages
dynamically each time content is requested by a browser (www.marolinedesign.com). PHP
was used for the server programming which is basically queries used to link the website to the
database. Other programs were included, such as phpMyAdmin which provides a
graphical user interface for the MySQL database manager.

Iteration example
As First Iteration of our project would be Designing of GUI, as enlist all the core feature, buttons
and information that should be present in GUI should be done. Then these requirements should
be given to programmer he or she will design according to the needs. After designing of GUI as
iteration is completed and is proceed for testing phase where every button click , and different
actions are performed whether to check any error occur or not. As if testing phase is completed
then comes the customer satisfaction or stakeholder testing phase Where he or she can ask or
enlist new requirement which he demands for this iteration to be done then again this iteration is
started.

Benefits of Agile methodology:

1. As Error or Bugs can be fixed within time as after every iteration there is a testing phase
which makes easier to track down the error or bug

2. New Requirement can be easily solved through this methodology as stakeholder is inputting
his requirements when any iteration is completed but if he demands any change after
completion which would be more difficult for developer.

3. As Form this methodology technical excellence is achieved.

7. Functional & Non-Functional Requirements

Functional and Non-Functional Requirements of the project are

7
7.1 Functional Requirements
Select City
Select Hotel
Select Services
Select Desired Menu
Enter Personal Details
Send Inquiry on available date

Associate every online booking with an account

Limit every account to a single user

Enable users to search and find the most relevant booking options

Accept date and time to check available rooms for that particular time

Booking confirmation should be sent to the specified contact details

Cancel bookings

Display and change records of guests

Change rooms

7.2 Non Functional requirements:

 Use encryption to avoid bots from booking

 Search results should populate within acceptable time limits

 Users should be helped appropriately to fill in the mandatory fields, in case of

invalid input

 System should accept payments via various payment methods

 Easy to use, efficient, and accessible

 Keep track of documentation, activities, and responses

8
8. Tools/Technology

8. 1. Hardware Requirements
For Development

Computer/Laptop/ I3 2nd Gen +

For production

Hosting server

8. 2. Software Requirements
For Development

Window 10

Apache server

MySQL

PHP 8

Normally we use (WAMP because this have all required package)

For production:

Apache

MySQL

PHP

For coding IDE

PHPStorm

9
 9. Milestones

Collection of literature One Week

Study of Literature One Week
Analysis of Proposed Scheme Three Weeks
Preparation of Scheme/Model Two Month
Implementation of Scheme/Model Ten Weeks
Analysis and Simulation Three Weeks
Result Formulation Two Weeks
Final Write-up & Thesis Submission Two Weeks

10. Project Proposed Time Schedule

May- Aug- Oct- Jan- March-

April
Activity July Sep Dec Feb May
2021
2021 2021 2021 2022 2022
Collection of
√
Literature
Study of
√
Literature
Analysis of
Proposed √
Scheme
Preparation of
√
Schemes / Model
Implementation
of √
Schemes/Model
Analysis &
√
Simulation
Result
√
Formulation

10
 Final Write-up &
Thesis √
Submission

11. Budget Description

The following section consists of the budget analysis of the project, that is, the
total budget for the development of the project and the operational and
maintenance cost that follows after the implementation of the project.

12. Conclusion
The Online Hotel Reservation System was developed tore place the manual
process of booking for a hotel room or any other facility of the hotel. The old system
does not serve the customer in a better way; rather it makes customer data vulnerable. The
new system keeps proper records of customers for emergency and security purposes.
The hotel’s advertising effort is now accompanied by a virtual tour created on the system.

13. References
Anup, S., Goel, A. and Padmanabhan, S. (2017), “Visual positioning system for
automated indoor/outdoor navigation”, TENCON 2017-2017 IEEE Region 10
Conference, pp. 1027-1031.

Anurag (2018), “4 Emerging trends of artificial intelligence in travel”, available

at: www.newgenapps.com/blog/artificial-intelligence-in-travel-emerging-trends (accesse
d 5 September 2019).

Azis, N.A., Hikmah, R.M., Tjahja, T.V. and Nugroho, A.S. (2011), “Evaluation of text-to-

speech synthesizer for indonesian language using semantically unpredictable
sentences test: indoTTS, eSpeak, and google translate TTS”, 2011 International
Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems, pp. 237-242.

Barnes, S. (2016), “Understanding virtual reality in marketing: nature, implications and

potential: implications and potential”, available
at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2909100 (accessed 3 November 2016).

11
Bayern, M. (2018), “5 Ways AI powers business travel”, available
at: www.techrepublic.com/article/5-ways-ai-powers-business-travel/ (accessed 5
September 2019).

Beerli, A. and Martin, J.D. (2004), “Factors influencing destination image”, Annals of

Tourism Research, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 657-681.

B.S. Afriyie, Concise ICT Fundamentals Volume One, Trafford Publishing, 2012
Today, Incorporated, 2001, 2001.
 
D.S. McFarland, Dreamweaver CS4: The Missing Manual. O’Reilly Media Inc, 2008.
 
J. Pan, S. Chen, and N. Nguyen, Intelligent Information and Database Systems: 4th Asian
Conference, ACIIDS, Proceedings Part 2, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2012.
 
N. Sfetcu, Web Design & Development, 2014
 
M. Taylor, A General Understanding of Microsoft Excel, Visual Studio and Webmatrix2,
Mark Taylor and Paragon Publishing, Rothersthorpe, 2013.[11]
 
http://533507.weebly.com/notepad.html, Accessed on15/11/14.[12]
 
https://adroitcare.wordpress.com/tag/microsoft-windows-operating-system/, Accessed
on 15/11/14.[13]
 
http://lamp.cse.fau.edu/~knagarsh/html.html,Accessed on 15/11/2014.

14. Undertaking

Super This is to certify that to the best of our knowledge. The content of this
project is our own work. This project has not been submitted for any degree or
other purposes.
We certify that the intellectual content of this project is the product of our own
work and that all the assistance received in preparing this document and sources
have been acknowledged.

12
________________ _________________
Fazal e Manan Ubaidullah Mushtaq
ECI-IT-17-021 ECI-IT-17-033

14. Supervisor’s Comments

________________
Dr Amjad Khan

13