CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCATION .......................................................................................1

2. METHODOLOGY .........................................................................................3

2.1. Project Block Diagram ...............................................................................4

2.2. Control Unit (Sensor Unit) .........................................................................5

2.3. Monitoring Unit (Weather Station) ..........................................................6

2.4. Hardware Development ...........................................................................8

2.5 Components Required .................................................................................9

2.6. Software Development .............................................................................15

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .....................................................................18

3.1 ThingSpeak display and data analysis .......................................................20

4. DISCUSSION .................................................................................................24

ADVANTAGES ..............................................................................................25

5. CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................26

6. REFERENCES ...............................................................................................27
 ABSTRACT
Weather forecast these days is unpredictable too be exact because of the climate

changes drastically over weather. In cause of that, Weather Reporting System is

mostly used to monitor the continuously changing climatic and weather

conditions over controlled areas likeshouse, industry, agriculture and etc. in real

time monitoring. Internet of Things (IoT) platform use is ThingSpeak it’s should

be able displaying the weather parameters and the information will visible

wherever in the world and it’s also displaying on the OLED with two-way

microcontroller communication via Wi-Fi hotspots. The condition of some

particular place that be reported by satellite weather report system does not give

the exact condition. However, the problem occurs when needed the accurate

weather report for current time. With weather reporting system all weather

parameters sensor will be controlled by ESP32 microcontroller as the server that

will send all the data collected by sensors to the database by ThingSpeak andwill

visible anywhere in the world and also display on OLED that use Wemos D1

mini as its microcontroller and a client.

 1. INTRODUCATION

Climate plays an important role in human life the unprecedented growth of

industries and vehicular traffic have seriously affected the purity of clean air and

environment. Satellite weather report system gives condition of present which

does not give the exact condition of the particular place. The building sector

offers a great potential for the energy savings, where it is necessary to have

accurate weather data in the exact location where the building is being built in

order to improve the calibration of energy simulation programs. By develop a

controlling local weather reporting system with ESP32 and Wemos D1 mini

microcontroller can minimize the error in weather forecast system at exact

location. A precision agriculture and farming can be defined as the art and science

of using technology to improve crop production. Even though water is a scarce

resource, overall 50% of water is wasted in agriculture due to the improper

scheduling of irrigation . In this context, the realtime monitoring of water usage

in the fields can prevent misuse of water. Use of technology in the field of

agriculture plays important role in increasing the production as well as in

reducing the extra man power efforts, some of the researches tried for betterment

of farmers and provides the systems that use technologies which are helpful for

increasing the agriculture yield. Difficulty to monitor weather parameters

through offline system such as agriculture zone during certain hazardous envy

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and critical situations where the people need to check manually the weather

condition at the places and it will take time unless it is online system.

Wireless technology, the concept of smart cities and IOT has given a new remark

in the world. One such remark leads towards the online smart weather station

system . The weather parameters should be able displaying, analysing and

monitoring system using ThingSpeak that connect user with internet that visible

anywhere in the world. To analyse and monitoring system using ThingSpeak that

connect user with internet that visible anywhere in the world. Internet of Things

(IoT) is playing a leading role in providing solutions to many applications with

the support of software, internet and embedded systems.

There is a necessity in security or alarming system that give warning and alerting

when there is a bad condition at the place. The existing technologies are

developed using microcontrollers like Arduino, Node MCU etc. and ARM

processors like Raspberry Pi. So, machine learning techniques achieved better

performance than traditional statistical methods in learning without being

expressly customized.

Data measured by the stations could be used for various purposes, such as: air

quality management to reduce pollutant gases in the local atmosphere and climate

monitoring for a better yields of the region crops.

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 2. METHODOLOGY

This project will focus on development of the ThingSpeak an IoT platform that

to show the data of the sensor. The method divided into two parts which are

hardware and software development part. The hardware development involves

the circuit construction and develops the prototype. Meanwhile, the software part

involves the IoT coding, circuit schematic diagram, circuit simulation and data

acquisition.

By using three (3) types of sensor to monitoring the weather parameter that are

temperature, humidity, rain, and air quality the system will be able to display the

weather condition by an analysis about the current weather with the sensor value

data. All the data will be control by a microcontroller ESP32 and Wemos as the

client that will receive the sensor data from ESP32 and display it on OLED.

Furthermore, this system will also be seen on ThingSpeak channel that has been

created to simplify user to check online and also an android application that is

Blynk to display the sensor data. The data collected will be analyse and compare

it with Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia to ensure the precise of data and weather

condition on current condition. The Internet of Things (IoT) will connect the

system with the user wireless and online without the need of checking manually.

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2.1. Project Block Diagram
The overall project block diagram is illustrated in Error! Reference source not

found.. The block diagram consists of the components that are utilized in this

project. There are two modes available in this project working operation. Firstly,

controlling mode will involve ESP32 and monitoring mode will involve Wemos

D1 mini. This two-microcontroller board will communicate each other in order

the monitoring mode get sensor data from controlling mode via wireless

communication and hotspot

Wi-Fi. Controlling mode will collect all the sensor data then send to the

ThingSpeak website and monitoring mode to display on OLED. The client will

display the sensor data on OLED and also on Blynk app. The data collected will

be analyse to configure the actual condition and the current condition by using

simple formula in Equation 1. The result of this data analysis then will be made

the weather state for this system to tell the user about the rain and air quality

condition is it good or bad in actual condition.

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 Figure 1. Project block diagram.

2.2. Control Unit (Sensor Unit)

Generally, this project is proposed to implement the IoT technology as a

communication medium in this project. As stated in the previous section. The

process of the system is start after the microcontroller ESP32 configured all the

sensor and start to read the data from the sensor. Then, the data also be sends to

the IoT platform that is ThingSpeak via wireless communication by ESP32 Wi-

Fi network. The sensors that connect to ESP32 is act as the control unit of the

system where all the data is collected here. This system automatically displays

the temperature, humidity, pressure, rain, air quality, and weather condition on

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specific webpage of IoT in ThingSpeak as well it will also display this data on

the weather station display. The flowchart of the con-trolling mode process is

shown in Figure 1.

2.3. Monitoring Unit (Weather Station)

Meanwhile, wireless weather station using Wi-Fi system is employed monitoring

unit. This will be controlled by Wemos D1 mini microcontroller to connect to the

Wi-Fi and received live sensor data and display on OLED. This communication

will simulate the master-slave network protocol or client- server protocol to

develop a perfect data input/output from a control unit to a monitoring unit. If the

sensor data come with faulty the buzzer/led will be on as the security of the

system. Then a push notification will be sent to the user by Blynk app on android

smartphone. All of these process flows are simplified in a form of flowchart in

Figure 2.

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Figure 2. Control unit flowchart.

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2.4. Hardware Development
The hardware selection is vital in this project hardware development process.

Every hardware components are necessary to be considered first before selected

to be utilized in the project. The components selection is according to the

advantages and characteristic of the component to fulfil the functionality of every

part used. For this project, ESP32, Wemos D1 mini, BME280, MQ135, Rain

Sensor, OLED, LCD, Buzzer, and LED are used.

2.4.1. Circuit Construction.

The circuit of the system can be divided to two where first circuit as weather

station that displaying all the value of weather parameters. Other circuit is control

unit circuit for controlling all the sensor data and send it to the ThingSpeak and

websites. Weather station will be communicating with control unit via client-

server communication where all the data catches by the sensor control unit will

send it to weather station to display it. This station also equips by emergency alert

where there is bad weather such as heavy rain and poor air quality. Figure 3 shows

the electronic circuit of the sensor. The weather station completed circuit is

shown in Figure 4. The bme280 sensor connect on I2C pin at ESP32 which is pin

21 and pin 22.

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2.5 Components Required

 Node MCU

 DHT11 sensor

 BMP180 sensor

 Breadboard

 Jumper Wires

 Rain Sensor

Figure 3. Sensor Unit.

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1. DHT11 Sensor :-

DHT11 module features a humidity and temperature complex with a

calibrated digital signal output means DHT11 sensor module is a combined

module for sensing humidity and temperature which gives a calibrated

digital output signal.

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2. BMP 180 Sensor:-

It is a barometric pressure sensor and it works with an I2C interface. This

sensor measures the absolute pressure of the air around it. The pressure

value depends on both the weather and altitude.

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3. Rain Sensor

The Rain sensor detects the presence of water on it.

It measures the rain in mm.

4. ESP8266 Wifi Module

The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP

protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network.

The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading

all WiFi networking functions from another application processor.

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5. Breadboard

The purpose of the breadboard is to make quick electrical

connections between components- like resistors, LEDs, capacitors, etc.- so

that you can test your circuit before permanently soldering it

together. Breadboards have many small sockets on them, and some

groups of sockets are electrically connected to each other.

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6. Node MCU

NodeMCU is an open source firmware for which open source prototyping

board designs are available. The name "NodeMCU" combines "node" and "MCU"

(micro-controller unit). The term "NodeMCU" strictly speaking refers to the

firmware rather than the associated development kits.

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2.6. Software Development

Generally, most of project involves various type of software to be utilized in order

to simulate and analyse the hardware configuration. This process can at least help

the project member to troubleshoot and analyse the project configuration and

result. Therefore, in this project few types of software will be used in order to

develop the project. Most help is Arduino IDE with the software for compile and

upload the coding, SolidWorks for 3D design, and Proteus for simulation are using

in this project.

Figure 7. My applets for project Weather System.

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With the assist of this platform the data can be recorded with ease and Table 1 can

be perform without to check manually to sensor station. Just go to the IFTTT

website and sign up for free then create a new project that will link the sensor

station with the server then save it in google drive by google sheet form.

This data is received from sensor station, with ESP32 will send the weather

parameters data to google sheet but unfortunately this method use by IFTTT can

receives only three set of data so for this temperature, air quality, and rain data has

been chooses.

IFTTT use to collect the data, so that the analysis can be done without any miss

of data collecting. This system IoT platform converted the reading of three

weather parameters to a table and IFTTT limited only three weather parameters

can be saved.2.7 Weather station alarm/security

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The uses of Buzzer and LED are to alert the user about the hazardous weather

condition outside by triggering the Buzzer and LED Red ON. The LED Green

determine the current condition is good and LED Red determine the current

condition is bad. The switch act will freeze the Buzzer alarm but the LED still

ON. Figure 9 shown the trigger weather parameters are temperature, rain, and air

quality to avoid such hazardous condition to the user by alerting them.

Figure 7. Sensor station and Weather station.

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 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

First the circuit of control unit system have been made that ESP32 microcontroller

control all weather parameters sensor, that are BME280 (Temperature, Humidity,

and Pressure) sensor, MQ135 (Air quality sensor), Rain sensor, and LDR sensor.

Then it powered by USB cable also to upload the sketch of coding in ESP32

microcontroller. The sensor data can be display on serial monitor in Arduino IDE

software. ESP32 will connect with the Wi-Fi hotspot that have applied to this

system so that the web server can be create to display all the sensor data.

Data that received by weather station will be displaying on OLED as Figure 8

demonstrate the communication of both sensor station and weather station by

using Wi-Fi hotspot. The communication is successfully established.

The web server contains html that can display the sensor data by simple coding

and connection where the IP address of the ESP32 are needed to complete this

action are shown in

Figure 9. After that it will read all the sensor value and then send to the cloud data

where ThingSpeak has been uses for this. ThingSpeak will stored the sensor value

and display that data to the channel create there. The user can check the weather

parameter via ThingSpeak websites. The data has collected from the reading of

ESP32 for all sensor and send that data to the ThingSpeak as the results of this

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project objective. The analysis of the data has been made and there are table

comparing the data with the help of the graph on this ThingSpeak channel.

Figure 8. Full circuit for Sensor station and Weather station displaying sensor

data.

As shown on the web server all the weather parameter clearly displays sensor

data of the ESP32 sensor unit. After analyse the result from the web server and

Thing speak graph there are these statistics the sensor data can been conclude as

unpredictable. The data are taken from morning, noon, and night to seen the

accuracy of the sensor reading. Based on ideally result of the practical results of

the circuit operation are concluded in Table 1, 2, and 3. All data of bme280

sensor, air quality sensor, and rain sensor were recorded from google sheet form

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to Table 1, 2, and 3. The data temperature, air quality, and rain sensor are got

from google sheet and the others data are got from ThingSpeak platform.

Table 1. BME280 Sensors data taken from different time.

Weather Tim Sensor

Temperature 10a 24~28 (Normal)
parameters
Temperature e
1pm value/Condition
29~31 (Normal)
Temperature 10p
m 27~29 (Normal)
Temperature ~ 24~31
Humidity, (%) m
10a 78

3.1 ThingSpeak display and data analysis

After testing with the web server, the ThingSpeak channel also received the same

sensor data as web server displaying but with better display of graph plot. This

graph makes the analysis of the sensor data be easier. All weather parameter

come with analogue data with ThingSpeak this data will be plot on the graph

and this will show the characteristic of the parameter.

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21
CODE

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> #include "DHT.h"

#include <SFE_BMP180.h>

#include <Wire.h> #define ALTITUDE 431.0

#define DHTPIN 0

#define DHTTYPE DHT11 SFE_BMP180 pressure;

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

const char* ssid = "audacious"; const char* password = “123456789"; char

status;

double T,P,p0,a; WiFiServer server(80); void setup() { Serial.begin(115200);

delay(100); dht.begin();

Serial.print("Connecting to "); Serial.println(ssid); WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500);

Serial.print(".");

Serial.println(""); Serial.println("WiFi is connected");

server.begin(); Serial.println("Server started"); Serial.println(WiFi . locallP());

if (pressure.begin()) Serial.println("BMP180 init success");

else

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{

Serial.println("BMP180 init fail\n\n"); while(1); // Pause forever.

delay(1000);

void loop() {

status = pressure.getPressure(P,T); if (status != 0)

p0 = pressure.sealevel(P,ALTITUDE); Serial.print("relative (sea-level)

pressure: ");

Serial.print(p0,2); Serial.print(" mb , ");

float h = dht.readHumidity(); float t = dht.readTemperature();

float f = dht.readTemperature(true);

WiFiClient client = server.available();

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 4. DISCUSSION

Based on the results that are obtained by the sensors send and display to

ThingSpeak for user viewing. This will make monitoring weather parameter

more easily with the Wi-Fi connection this system will start and ThingSpeak start

displaying sensor data by graph and also all this data can be analysing in

ThingSpeak. From the data Table 1, 2 and 3 and Table 4, the results have been

compared and shown that the weather parameter from forecast station is not too

accurate so with weather reporting system people can get the actual condition at

their place with ease.

The results of MQ135 and rain sensor from Table 6 uses to make comparison in

actual condition of particular location in determine the sensor data value

corresponding with actual condition and conclusion of the results data recorded

can be made.

With wireless monitoring network devices, the people can check online on the

web page the weather condition to take certain steps and issues even in worst case

for monitoring the weather parameters. With all the data also weather reporting

system is to monitoring certainly weather to overcome the most important factor

determining agricultural enterprise success or failure and have ease the user from

getting inaccurate forecast from Forecast Company for their place. The IoT

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component that has established the communication between the microcontroller

boards were ESP32 and Wemos D1 mini with communication via Wi-Fi hotspot.

ADVANTAGES

1. Data from the sensors can be sent to the web page also which can be

accessed from anywhere in the world. Maintenance cost of the

Smart Weather Monitoring System is also quite low due to the presence

of fewer parts.

2. The goal of weather prediction is to provide information people and

organizations can use to reduce weather-related losses and enhance

societal benefits, including protection of life and property, public health

and safety, and support of economic prosperity and quality of life.

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 5. CONCLUSION

As the conclusion this project have cleared the objective that to build a system

that can monitored weather parameter by wireless system and IoT. The Sensor

station and Weather station will be communicated by hotspot Wi-Fi and it is

limited in areas covered but still better in communication via wireless. The value

that been recorded from google sheet and Table 1, 2 and 3 it seen that the weather

at particular place has different condition from the exact condition with the

accuracy of weather reporting system and forecast system data has been

compared. It says that weather reporting system is more accurate than forecast

system. This weather reporting system will display the sensor data to

ThingSpeak and IFTTT to save the data into google sheet. It also can be checked

in Blynk app that can be installed in google play store or Appstore.

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 6. REFERENCES

[1] Kulkarni, V. A, Satpute G. M (2017). “Weather Reporting System

Using FPGA : A Review,” vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 319–320.

[2] Carlos, M, Jorge, P.B, Daniel F, Pablo S (2018). “Design,

Development and Implementation of a Weather Station Prototype for

Renewable Energy System,” Journal Energies, 11(9), 2234, pp. 1-13.

[3] Karim F, Karim F and Frihida A (2017). “Monitoring system using web

of things in precision agriculture,” Procedia Computer Science., vol.

110, pp. 402–409.

[4] Kodali R K, Yerroju S and Sahu S (2018). “Smart Farm Monitoring

Using LoRa Enabled IoT,” Proceedings 2nd International Conference

Green Computing Internet Things, ICGCIoT 2018, pp. 391–394.

[5] Gahlot N, Gundkal V, Kothimbire S and Thite A (2015). “Zigbee based

weather monitoring system,” Internnational Journal Engineering

Science, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 2319–1813.

[6] Kodali R K and Sahu A (2016). “An IoT based weather information

prototype using WeMos,” Proceedings 2016 2nd International

Conference Contemporary Computing Informatics, IC3I 2016, no. 1, pp.

612–616.

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[7] Joe F, and Joseph J (2019). “IoT Based Weather Monitoring System for

Effective Analytics,” International Journal of Engineering and

Advanced Technology (IJEAT), no. 4, pp. 311– 315.

[8] Nallakaruppan, M.K, and Kumaran U.S (2019). “IoT based Machine

Learning Techniques for Climate Predictive Analysis,” International

Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), no. 5, pp. 171–

175.

[9] Monteiro M S, De Caldas Filho F L, Barbosa L A, Martins L M C E, De

Menezes J T M and Da Silva Filho D A(2019). “University campus

microclimate monitoring using IoT,” WCNPS 2019 - Workshop

Communication Networks Power Systems, no. Wcnps, pp. 3–7.

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