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With example pictures/drawings/sketches explain the use of the following in a GIS
system:
1. Geo-referencing
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2. Geo-coding
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3. Reverse Geo-coding
4. Digitization
5. Vector
6. Raster Snap a photo from your
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7. Remote Sensing
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8. Coordinate Reference System link
9. Grids
10. Attribute Tables 888-888-8888 Text me
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Georeferencing means that the internal coordinate system of a map or aerial photo image can be related
to a geographic coordinate system. The relevant coordinate transforms are typically stored within the
image le, though there are many possible mechanisms for implementing georeferencing.

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Geocoding is the process of converting addresses (like a street address) into geographic coordinates (like
latitude and longitude), which you can use to place markers on a map, or position the map.

For example, a geocode of "Chicago" returns "locality" which indicates that "Chicago" is a city, and also
returns "political" which indicates it is a political entity. formatted_address is a string containing the human-
readable address of this location. Often this address is equivalent to the postal address.

Reverse geocoding is the process of back (reverse) coding of a point location (latitude, longitude) to a
readable address or place name. This permits the identi cation of nearby street addresses, places, and/or
areal subdivisions such as neighbourhoods, county, state, or country.

Example Raymond Camden

Digitization is the process of converting information into a digital format, in which the information is
organized into bits. The result is the representation of an object, image, sound, document or signal by

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generating a series of numbers that describe a discrete set of points or samples.
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Bringing arti cial intelligence into your service organization is a prime example of the power of digital
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Vector is a data structure, used to store spatial data. ... A vector based GIS is de ned by the vectorial
representation of its geographic data. According with the characteristics of this data model, geographic
objects are explicitly represented and, within the spatial characteristics, the thematic aspects are
associated.

Examples of discrete objects are re hydrants, roads, ponds, or a cadastral. A vector data models broken
down into three basic types: points, lines, and polygons. All three of these types of vector data are
composed of coordinates, and attributes. A point uses a single coordinate pair to de ne its location.

A raster image is an image le format that is de ned by a pixel that has one or more numbers associated
with it. The number de nes the location, size, or color of the pixels. Raster images are commonly . BMP, .

example of discrete raster data is population density. Continuous data examples are temperature and
elevation measurements. There are also three types of raster datasets: thematic data, spectral data, and
pictures (imagery). Digital Elevation Model (DEM) showing elevation.

Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical
contact with the object and thus is in contrast to on-site observation. The term is applied especially to
acquiring information about the Earth.

Popular examples of passive remote sensors include charge-coupled devices, lm photography,

radiometers, and infrared. Active sensors use internal stimuli to collect data, emitting energy in order to
scan objects and areas whereupon a sensor measures the energy re ected from the target.

coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate-based local, regional or global system used to locate
geographical entities. A spatial reference system de nes a speci c map projection, as well as
transformations between different spatial reference systems.

The different types of planar coordinate reference systems are referred to as 'projections'. Examples are
'Mercator', 'UTM', 'Robinson', 'Lambert', 'Sinusoidal' 'Robinson' and 'Albers'.

reference grid is a network of columns and rows used to divide a map into equal-area rectangles. They are
used to visually divide the map, independent of the coordinate system, to allow simple location
referencing. Learn more about how to use reference grids.

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attribute table. [data structures] A database or tabular le containing information about a set of
geographic features, usually arranged so that each row represents a feature and each column represents
one feature attribute.

Feature attribute tables are INFO data les that contain a number of prede ned items and additional user-
de ned attributes for each feature. ... For example, a coverage named LOTS that contains polygons will
have a polygon attribute table (PAT) named LOTS.

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