Measures for Air Pollution

Control from Industrial Activities

 Environmental / Pollution Control Laws being
implemented by DPCC
Acts
1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Rules made there under.
2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 and Rules made there
under..
3. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Rules made there under.
4. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules made there under.
(This Act is umbrella Act for various Rules notified after 1986 ).

Rules :
1.The Manufacture , Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules,1989.
2.The Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules,2016.
3.The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.
4.The Noise Pollution ( Regulation and Control ) Rules, 2000.
5.The Ozone Depleting Substances(Regulation & Control )Rules, 2000
6.The Batteries ( Management and Handling) Rules, 2001.
7.The Hazardous Wastes( Management, Handling and Transboundary
Movement) Rules, 2008.
8.The E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 / E- Waste (Management) Rules,
2016 (applicable w.e.f 01.10.2016).
9.The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016.
10. Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016.
 Salient Information
 Approved Industrial Areas - 28
 Redevelopment Areas - 22
 No. of Industries in Approved - About 25000*
Industrial Areas
 Emission Control Systems(ECS) - 700 ( Appx )
 Thermal Power Plants - 5 [ 4 Gas based, 1 Coal based (BTPS)**]
 Waste to Energy Plants - 1 ( Operational at Okhla# )
- 1 ( Under Trial Run at Gazipur )
- 1 (Under construction at Bawana)
 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring - 20 ( 6 are being maintained by DPCC)
Stations
*As per “Industrial Policy for Delhi 2010–2021” Report of Industries Deptt., GNCT D
• ** Only 2 Units of 210 MW each are operational.
• Stricter Standards in respect of Particulate Matter concentration in the emissions i.e.
< 50 mg/Nm3 has been prescribed by DPCC for BTPS.
• # Stricter Standards in respect of Particulate Matter Concentration in the emissions i.e.
< 30 mg/Nm3 has been prescribed by DPCC besides standards for Dioxin & Furans in
case of Waste to Energy Plant.
• Indraprastha Power House (Coal Based ) has already been closed down & Rajghat Power
Station (Coal based) is not operational.
 As per the various orders of Hon’ble Supreme Court in WP(C) No. 4677/1985,
MC Mehta vs. UOI & Others, in year 1996, following highly air polluting
Industries / Units were closed down in NCT of Delhi :
(i) 246 Brick Kilns
(ii) 43 Hot Mix Plants
(iii) 21 Arc / Induction Furnaces
 Besides these industries, Heavy & Large Industries as per then MPD-2001 (e.g.
Birla Textile Mill, Swatantra Bharat Mill, Shriram Food & Fertilizers,
Hindustan Vegetable Oil, Hindustan Insecticides Limited , Several Steel Rolling
Mills and Paper Mills and other major Air Polluting Industries (e.g. Coal Fired
Potteries etc. ), were also closed down as per orders of Hon’ble Supreme
Court.
 Following Air Polluting Activities have been placed in the Prohibited / Negative
List of Industries (Annexure III ) of MPD -2021 and are to be closed down w.e.f
23.09.2016 as per the Notification of MOUD Dated 23.09.2016.
(i) Induction Furnace
(ii) Cupola Furnace
(iii) Stainless Steel Pickling
 As per the decision taken by DPCC, Coal fired Boilers are not allowed in NCT
of Delhi except in case of Thermal Power Plants and the Boilers having
Electrostatic Precipitator as Emission Control System.
 Emissions , Industrial Plant & Air Pollutants
As per the definitions given under the Air Act, :
 “Emission means any solid or liquid or gaseous substance
coming out of any chimney, duct or flue or any other outlet” ;

 “Industrial Plant” means any plant used for any industrial or

trade purposes and emitting any air pollutant into the
atmosphere

 “Air Pollutant means any solid , liquid or gaseous substance

including noise present in the atmosphere in such concentration
as may be or tend to be injurious to human beings or other
living creatures or plants or property or environment.
 Air Pollution Control Area & Requirement of
Consent
 MOEF vide Notification Dated 20.02.1987, has declared
“ The whole of the Union Territory of Delhi” as an “Air
Pollution Control Area”

 As per section 21 of the Air Act,

“No person shall, without the previous Consent of the State
Board, Establish or Operate any Industrial Plant in an Air
Pollution Control Area”.

 As per section 22 of the Air Act,

“No person operating any Industrial Plant, in any Air
Pollution Control Area shall discharge or cause or permit to
be discharged the emission of any air pollutant in excess of
the standards laid down by the State Board under clause (g)
of sub-section (1) of section 17.”
 Standards for Emission or Discharge of
Environmental Pollutants
For the purposes of protecting and improving the quality of the
Environment and preventing and abating environmental
pollution, the standards for emission or discharge of
environmental pollution from the industries, operations or
processes have been prescribed / notified by MOEF from time to
time and given in the Schedules I to IV of the Environment
(Protection ) Rules, 1986, as amended to date.

Schedule I – Standards for various parameters in respect of

104 Industries / Operations or Processes.

Schedule II – Omitted vide notification Dated 31.12.1993.

Schedule III – Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of

Noise
Schedule IV – Standards for Emission of Smoke,Vapour etc from
Motor Vehicles
Schedule V – Furnishing of Information to Authorities and Agencies in
Certain Cases ( where the discharge of Environmental
Pollutant in excess of the prescribed standards occurs or is
apprehended to occur due to any accident or event )
Schedule VI – General Standards for Discharge of Environmental
Pollutants ( Applicable for the Industries, operations or
processes which are not mentioned in Schedule I )
Part A : Effluent
Part B : Waste Water Generation Standards
Part C : Load Based Standards
Part D : General Emission Standards
Part E : Noise Standards at Manufacturing stage
[for Automobiles /Vehicles, Domestic Appliances(Window
Air Conditioners, Air Coolers & Refrigerators and Compactors (Rollers),
Front Loaders, Concrete Mixers, Cranes (Movable),Vibrators and Saws ]
 Schedule VII – National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(Notification Dated 16.11.2009, for 12
Pollutants Concentration in Ambient Air )

Annexure I – Guidelines for SPCBs/ PCCs

of Schedule VI ( For enforcing the standards specified under
Parts “A”, “B” and “C” of Schedule VI).

Annexure II – Guidelines for SPCBs/ PCCs

of Schedule VI (For enforcing the standards specified under
Part “D” of Schedule VI).

SPCBs / PCCs may specify more stringent standards for the

relevant parameters with respect to specific industry or locations
after recording reasons thereof in writing.
 General Emission Standards
(Part D of Schedule VI of EP Rules, 1986)
Concentration based standards
S.No. Parameter Standard
Concentration not to exceed
(in mg/Nm3)
1 Particulate Matter (PM) 150
2 Total Fluoride 25
3 Asbestos 4 Fibres/cc and dust should not be more
than 2 mg/Nm3*
4 Mercury 0.2
5 Chlorine 15
6 Hydrochloric acid vapour and mist 35
7 Sulphuric Acid Mist 50
8 Carbon Monoxide 1% max. (v/v)
9 Lead 10 mg/Nm3
* - Asbestos dust shall not exceed to 2 mg/ Nm3
Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise
Category of Area / zone Limits in dB(A) Leq*
Day Time Night Time
Industrial Area 75 70
Commercial Area 65 55
Residential Area 55 45
Silence Zone 50 40
Note:-
1. Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.
2. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
3. Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 metres around hospitals, educational
institutions, courts, religious places or any other area which is declared as such by the
competent authority
4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by
the competent authority.
*dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A
which is relatable to human hearing.
A “decibel” is a unit in which noise is measured.
“A”, in dB(A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and
corresponds to frequency response characteristics of the human ear.
Leq: It is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified period.
 Approved Fuels in Delhi
DPCC vide Notification Dated 27.08.1996 has approved following fuels as the
“Approved Fuels” in NCT of Delhi:-
1. Coal with low Sulphur (S=0.4%)
2. Fuel Oil / LDO/ LSHS / with low Sulphur (S=1.8%)
3. Motor Gasoline (as per specifications given in the Notification
dated 02.04.1996 of MoEF)
4. Diesel (as per specifications given in the Notification dated
02.04.1996 of MoEF)
5. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)
6. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
7. Kerosene*
8. Naptha (for Power Station)
9. Aviation Turbine Fuel (for air craft)
10. Fire Wood (only for domestic use in rural areas and crematorium)
11. Bio-Gas
* Govt. of NCT of Delhi has banned the sale of Kerosene in NCT of Delhi
 Ash & Sulphur Content in Fuels Used
 Coal ( High Ash Content > 40 % , Sulphur Content 0.4 to 0.8 % )
 Coke
 Fuel Oils

(i) High Speed Diesel (HSD) [Ash Content < 0.01 %, S content < 0.05 % ]
(ii) Low Sulphur Heavy Stock ( Ash Content < 0.1 %, S content < 1 %)
(iii) Light Diesel Oil (LDO ) ( Ash Content < 0.02 %, S content < 1.8 %)

 CNG / PNG (Mainly in Four / Five Star Hotels or where PNG supply is passing through)
 LPG
 Naptha (in Thermal Power Plant)

Furnace Oil (having ash content < 0.1 % but have high Sulphur content about 4 % ) is not
allowed to be used as Fuel in Delhi.

Burning of Plastic / Rubber / Rags / Other Waste is also not allowed in Delhi.
In Delhi 0.05 % (50 PPM ) Sulphur Content HSD is supplied and LDO is not supplied
except to few Delhi Govt. Hospitals.

BTPS (Coal based Power Plant )is using Beneficiated Coal having Ash content < 34 %
Major Air Polluting Industries / Activities in Delhi
 Thermal Power Plants [5 (4 Gas based, 1Coal based(BTPS)]
 Foundries / Casting [ Cupola / Induction / Pit Furnaces etc. ]
 Boilers [ Fuel based (Coal / Diesel etc.) ]
 Furnaces [ Fuel based (Coal / Diesel etc.)]
 Ready Mix Concrete Plants (RMC Plants)
 Buffing / Metal Polishing
 Flour Mills/Dal Mills/Spice Grinding/other Grinding / Pulverizing
Units
 Electroplating/Anodizing/Galvanizing/Pickling/Phosphating
 Powder Coating / Spray Painting / Superenamelling
 Plastic Reprocessing
 Cooking / Kitchen Operations [Food Processing Units /Hotels /
Restaurants etc]
• DG Sets
Major Air Polluting Industries / Activities in Delhi
 Thermal Power Plants [5 (4 Gas based, 1Coal based(BTPS)]
 Foundries / Casting [ Cupola / Induction / Pit Furnaces etc. ]
 Boilers [ Fuel based (Coal / Diesel etc.) ]
 Furnaces [ Fuel based (Coal / Diesel etc.)]
 Ready Mix Concrete Plants (RMC Plants)
 Buffing / Metal Polishing
 Flour Mills/Dal Mills/Spice Grinding/other Grinding / Pulverizing
Units
 Electroplating/Anodizing/Galvanizing/Pickling/Phosphating
 Powder Coating / Spray Painting / Superenamelling
 Plastic Reprocessing
 Cooking / Kitchen Operations [Food Processing Units /Hotels /
Restaurants etc]
• DG Sets
 Major Air Pollution Sources , Pollutants and
Control Measures for Industries in Delhi
Source Fuel Used Pollutants Air Pollution Control Measures
Boiler / Hot Water Coal / Diesel / Particulate Matter, Cyclone /Multi Cyclone/Scrubber
Generator Natural Gas SOx, NOx, Bag Filter/ ESP (in case of Coal
based TPP)
Furnace(Induction Coal / Diesel Particulate Matter, Channelization System/ Cyclone /
/Cupola/Pit etc) SOx, NOx, Multi Cyclone/ Scrubber
Pulverization / - Dust / Particulate Dust Collector (Cyclone / Multi
Grinding Matter Cyclone)/ Bag Filter
Metal Polishing / - Dust / Particulate Dust Collector (Cyclone / Multi
Buffing Matter Cyclone)/ Bag Filter
Fumes - Acidic Fumes (HCl, Channelization System/ Scrubber
H2SO4, HNO3 etc)
Mixing / Material - Dust / Particulate Covering with enclosures / Dust
Handling Matter Collectors (Cyclone / Multi
Operations (RMC Cyclone)/ Bag Filter), Sprinkling
Plants) system for suppression of dust
Cooking / Kitchen Coal / Coke / Particulate Matter, Channelization system / Scrubber
Emissions (Food Diesel / SOx, NOx,
Processing /Hotels Natural Gas
/ Restaurants etc.)
 Air Pollution Control Measures for Boilers
• As per the decision taken by DPCC, Coal fired Boilers are not allowed in NCT of Delhi except
in case of Thermal Power Plants and the Boilers having Electrostatic Precipitator as Emission
Control System.
• Only approved Fuel in Delhi shall be used for Boilers. Burning of Plastic / Rubber / Rags /
Other Waste is not allowed in Boilers.
• Minimum stack height shall be 11 meters above ground level and 2 meters above roof level in
General.
• In case of Thermal Power Plants Stack Height Requirement is calculated based on the SO2
emissions (kg/hour) and shall be provided as per Schedule I of the EP Rules.
• Particulate Matter Concentration in the emission shall not exceed 150 mg/Nm3.. In case of
Coal based Thermal Power Plants much stricter standards of < 50 mg/Nm3 has been
prescribed by DPCC for Particulate Matter emission..
• Air Pollution Control Device (APCD) / Emission Control System (ECS)(Wet Scrubber etc.), if
required, shall be provided to meet the above mentioned standards. In case of Coal based
Thermal Power Plants Electro Static Precipitators (ESPs) are required to meet the prescribed
standard.
• APCD / ECS shall be properly operated & maintained to meet the prescribed standards and
Logbook shall be maintained in this regard.
• Separate meter shall be provided for operation of APCD/ECS.
• Proper Port Hole and Platform alongwith Ladder shall be provided to facilitate the monitoring
of the emissions from the Boiler Stack .
• Stack Monitoring Report for the prescribed parameters from any of the Laboratories approved
by DPCC shall be provided alongwith Consent application and on annual basis to DPCC.
Air Pollution Control Measures for Furnace
• Only approved Fuel in Delhi shall be used for Furnace . Burning of Plastic /
Rubber / Rags / Other Waste is not allowed in Furnace .
• Emissions from the Furnace shall be properly channelized by providing
proper hood, ducting and suction arrangement and shall be discharged
through stack of minimum height of 11 meters above ground level and 2
meters above roof level.
• Particulate Matter Concentration in the emission shall not exceed 150
mg/Nm3 or as specifically prescribed for particular activities mentioned in
Schedule I of EP Rules
• Air Pollution Control Device (APCD) / Emission Control System
(ECS)(Cyclone / Multi Cyclone / Wet Scrubber etc.), if required, shall be
provided to meet the above mentioned standard.
• APCD / ECS shall be properly operated & maintained to meet the
prescribed standards and Logbook shall be maintained in this regard.
• Separate meter shall be provided for operation of APCD/ECS.
• Proper Port Hole and Platform alongwith Ladder shall be provided to
facilitate the monitoring of the emissions from the Furnace Stack .
• Stack Monitoring Report for the prescribed parameters from any of the
Laboratories approved by DPCC shall be provided alongwith Consent
application and on annual basis to DPCC.
Channelization System for Fugitive Emissions
 Fugitive emissions (dust/fumes , cooking / kitchen
emissions etc.) shall be properly channelized by
providing proper hood, ducting and suction
arrangement and shall be discharged at least 2 meters
above the roof of the building and if required adequate
air pollution control system should also be installed.
 Minimum stack height shall be 11 meters above
ground level and 2 meters above roof level
 Particulate matter emission shall not exceed 150
mg/Nm3.
 Air Pollution Control Measures for Flour Mills/Dal
Mills/Spice Grinding / other Grinding / Pulverizing Units
• Fugitive / Grinding/ Pulverizing dust from process / operations shall be
properly channelized by providing proper hood, ducting and suction
arrangement to the Air Pollution Control Device (APCD) / Emission
Control System (ECS)(Cyclone / Multi Cyclone / Bag Filters ) to meet the
prescribed standard and shall be discharged through stack of minimum
height of 11 meters above ground level and 2 meters above roof level.
• Normally such kind of units are having inbuilt Bag Filters / Bag House
System to recover the Dust / Particulate matter which is also a Product .
• Particulate Matter Concentration in the emission shall not exceed 150
mg/Nm3
• APCD / ECS shall be properly operated & maintained to meet the
prescribed standards and Logbook shall be maintained in this regard.
• Separate meter shall be provided for operation of APCD/ECS.
• Monitoring Report for the Particulate Matter from any of the Laboratories
approved by DPCC shall be provided alongwith Consent application and
on annual basis to DPCC.
 Air Pollution Control Measures for Buffing
• Fugitive / Buffing Dust from Buffing process / operation shall be
properly channelized by providing proper hood, ducting and suction
arrangement to the Air Pollution Control Device (APCD) / Emission
Control System (ECS)(Cyclone / Multi Cyclone / Bag Filter ) to
meet the prescribed standard and shall be discharged through stack
of minimum height of 11 meters above ground level and 2 meters
above roof level.
• Bag Filter is the preferred choice to control the fugitive / process
dust.
• Particulate Matter Concentration in the emission shall not exceed
150 mg/Nm3
• APCD / ECS shall be properly operated & maintained to meet the
prescribed standards and Logbook shall be maintained in this regard.
• Separate meter shall be provided for operation of APCD/ECS.
• Monitoring Report for the Particulate Matter from any of the
Laboratories approved by DPCC shall be provided alongwith
Consent application and on annual basis to DPCC.
 Air Pollution Control Measures for Ready Mix Concrete Plants.
• Air Pollution Control Device (APCD)(Cyclone followed by Bag House ) should be
provided to control the air emissions from storage bins silos used for storage of cement /
fly ash and cement feeding section to meet the prescribed standards and emissions shall
be discharged through stack of minimum height of 11 meters above ground level and 2
meters above roof level.
• Concrete / Metalled floor should be provided within the premises with sprinklers for
suppression of dust due to movement of vehicles. Regular cleaning and wetting of the
ground within the premises should be done .
• Sand and Aggregate should be stored in a hopper or bunker which should shield the
materials from the winds or stock piles.
• Sprinkler System should be provided to wet the ground and aggregate material storage
yard for suppression of dust .
• Conveyer Belt and feeding hopper for the aggregate should be properly covered.
• An Adequate Buffer should be kept between the plant and neighbours.
• Plant should have boundary /wall of Metal Sheets at least upto 5 meters height to act as
wind barrier.
• RMC Plants shall meet the following standards.:
“ The Suspended Particulate Matter contribution value at a distance of 40 meters from a
controlled isolated as well from a unit located in a cluster should be less than 600 mg / Nm3
. The measurements are to be conducted at least twice a month for all the 12 months in a
year..
Air Pollution Control Measures for Acid Fumes
 Acid Fumes (Hydrochloric / Sulphuric / Nitric Acid etc.) are generated mainly
from the following activities:
 Electroplating
 Anodizing
 Galvanizing
 Pickling
 Phosphating
 Acid Fumes shall be properly channelized by providing proper hood, ducting
and suction arrangement and shall be discharged at least 2 meters above the roof
of the building and if required adequate air pollution control system (Wet
Scrubber ) shall also be installed to meet the prescribed standards.
 Minimum stack height shall be 11 meters above ground level and 2 meters
above roof level
 Hydrochloric Acid Vapour and Mist in the emissions shall be
< 35 mg/Nm3.
 Sulphuric Acid Mist in the emissions shall be < 50 mg/Nm3
 Electroplating and Anodizing Industries are also required to meet the prescribed
emission standards as mentioned in the EP Rules including Acid Mist (HCl &
H2SO4 < 50 mg/Nm3) and other parameters.
Air Pollution Control Norms / Measures for DG Sets
Mandatory Requirement of Acoustic Enclosure / Acoustic Treated Room
(for Control of Noise)
 I. DG Sets manufactured prior to 01.01.2005 :
(i)Acoustic Enclosure or Acoustic Treated Room for minimum 25 dB(A)
insertion loss or for meeting the Ambient Noise Standards (notified
by MOEF) whichever is on the higher side.
 (ii) Proper Exhaust Muffler with minimum 25 dB(A) insertion loss.
 II. DG Sets manufactured on or after 01.01.2005 :
 (i) Integral Acoustic Enclosure at the manufacturing stage itself.
 (The manufacturer of DG Set is responsible to obtain type approval from
CPCB for the DG Sets to meet the prescribed standards)
 (ii)Maximum Permissible Sound Pressure Level ( Noise Level) for new DG
Sets upto 1000 KVA is 75 dB(A) at 1 meter from the enclosure surface.

Emission Standards are also prescribed for Diesel Engines [(Engine rating
more than 0.8 MW) for Power Plant, Generator Set applications and other
requirements] and given in the next slide.
Stack Height Requirement for DG Sets
I. As per the following formula

H = h + 0.2√KVA
H - Total Height of Stack in Meters
h - Height of the Building in Meters where the Generator
Set is installed
KVA - Total Capacity of the DG Set in KVA

II. Stack Height for Sets (Engine rating more than 0.8 MW
(1000 KVA)) commissioned after 01.07.2003 shall be
maximum of following :
i. 14 Q 0.3 (Q- Total SO2 emission from the plant in kg/hr)
ii. Minimum 6 meter above the building where Generator Set is
installed
iii. 30 meter
Cyclone Multi Cyclone
Working Diagram of Cyclone
 Diagram of Venturi
Venturi Scrubber
Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber Spray Scrubber
Bag Filter Diagram of Bag Filter
 Electro Static Precipitator ( ESP )

Diagram / Working Principle of ESP

Acid Fumes Extraction System
Acid Fumes Extraction System for
Electroplating Plant
Acid Fumes Control System for Pickling Industries
Dust Control System for Buffing Dust Control System for
Polishing / Grinding
Channelization / Control System for Furnace Emissions
Welding Fume Extraction System (Mobile Unit)
Channelization System for Cooking / Kitchen Emissions
Ready Mix Concrete Plant of L & T at Sarai Kale Khan
Thank You