EBD_7346

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 CONTENTS
Topic wise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 1-56

1. Sets, Relations, Functions and Number System M-1-37

2. Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-38-64

3. Sequence and Series M-65-90

4. Complex Numbers M-91-110

5. Binomial Theorem, Mathematical Induction M-111-121

6. Permutation and Combination M-122-131

7. Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-132-160

8. Pair of Straight Lines M-161-163

9. Circles M-164-172

10. CONICS- Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola M-173-185

11. TRIGONOMETRY- Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-186-225

12. Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-226-248

13. Height & Distance M-249-263

14. Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-264-309

 EBD_7346
15. Derivatives M-310-327

16. Application of Derivatives M-328-348

17. Indefinite Integration M-349-360

18. Definite Integration & Its Application M-361-388

19. Differential Equation M-389-412

20. Matrices & Determinants M-413-460

21. Probability and Probability Distribution M-461-493

22. Vectors M-494-534

23. 3-D Geometry M-535-560

24. Statistics M-561-586

 National Defence Academy Examination
The National Defence Academy (NDA) founded in 1957, is a function with respect of another function, derivative of a
premier Inter Service training institution where future cadets composite function. Second order derivatives. Increasing and
are trained. The training involves an exacting schedule of 3 years decreasing functions. Application of derivatives in problems
before the cadets join their respective Service Academies, viz. of maxima and pminima.
Indian Military Academy, Naval Academy and Air Force Academy.
6. Integral Calculus and Differential Equations : Integration
The examination of the National Defence Academy is conducted as inverse of differentiation, integration by substitution and
by UPSC twice a year, after which the selected candidates are sent by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expressions,
to National Defence Academy for training. trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions.
Evaluation of definite integrals - determination of areas of
Syllabus plane regions bounded by curves - applications. Definition
1. Algebra : Concept of a set, operations on sets, Venn of order and degree of a differential equation, formation of
diagrams. De Morgan laws. Cartesian product, relation, a differential equation by examples. General and particular
equivalence relation. Representation of real numbers on solution of a differential equation, solution of first order
a line. Complex numbers – basic properties, modulus, and first degree differential equations of various types -
argument, cube roots of unity. Binary system of numbers. examples. Application in problems of growth and decay.
Conversion of a number in decimal system to binary system
and vice-versa. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic 7. Vector Algebra: Vectors in two and three dimensions,
progressions. Quadratic equations with real coefficients. magnitude and direction of a vector. Unit and null vectors,
Solution of linear inequations of two variables by graphs. addition of vectors, scalar multiplication of vector, scalar
Permutation and Combination. Binomial theorem and its product or dot product of two-vectors. Vector product and
application. Logarithms and their applications. cross product of two vectors. Applications-work done by a
force and moment of a force, and in geometrical problems.
2. Matrices and Determinants : Types of matrices, operations
on matrices Determinant of a matrix, basic properties 8. Statistics: Classification of data, Frequency distribution,
of determinant. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix, cumulative frequency distribution - examples Graphical
Applications – Solution of a system of linear equations in two representation – Histogram, Pie Chart, Frequency Polygon
or three unknowns by Cramer’s rule and by Matrix Method. - examples. Measures of Central tendency – mean, median
and mode. Variance and standard deviation - determination
3. Trigonometry : Angles and their measures in degrees and in and comparison. Correlation and regression.
radians. Trigonometrical ratios. Trigonometric identities Sum
and difference formulae. Multiple and Sub-multiple angles. 9. Probability : Random experiment, outcomes and associated
Inverse trigonometric functions. Applications – Height and sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive
distance, properties of triangles. events, impossible and certain events. Union and Intersection
of events. Complementary, elementary and composite
4. Analytical Geometry of two and three dimensions : events. Definition of probability - classical and statistical
Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate system. Distance formula. - examples. Elementary theorems on probability - simple
Equation of a line in various forms. Angle between two problems. Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem - simple
lines. Distance of a point from a line. Equation of a circle in problems. Random variable as function on a sample space.
standard and in general form. Standard forms of parabola, Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments
ellipse and hyperbola. Eccentricity and axis of a conic. giving rise to Binominal distribution.

5. Differential Calculus : Concept of a real valued function

- domain, range and graph of a function. Composite
functions, one to one, onto and inverse functions. Notion
of limit, Standard limits - examples. Continuity of functions
- examples, algebraic operations on continuous functions.
Derivative of a function at a point, geometrical and physical
interpreatation of a derivative - applications. Derivatives
of sum, product and quotient of functions, derivative of a
 EBD_7346
DETAILED BREAKUP OF QUESTIONS (2007-21)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
CHAPTERS NAME I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I I
Set, Relation,
Function and 10 13 11 9 13 18 9 9 16 5 14 7 13 12 13 8 8 8 17 13 7 5 11 8 10 12 10 7
Number System
Polynomial,
Quadratic Equation 11 11 6 9 7 7 7 5 11 11 7 3 8 7 2 2 5 5 6 7 5 7 2 4 14 14 3 5
& Inequalities
Sequence and
3 10 4 9 4 5 6 3 7 7 7 7 2 3 2 5 2 2 5 9 8 6 5 7 4 9 1 7
Series
Complex Numbers 4 2 6 3 3 5 5 5 3 8 2 3 2 2 4 3 5 6 4 2 5 3 7 2 5 2 2 5
Binomial Theorem,
Mathematical 2 2 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 0 1 2 4 5 1 3 1 2 2 4 5 2 3 2 3 4
Induction
Permutation and
1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 6 2 1 1 2 3 5 0 4 2 5 4 1 2 3 4 3 3 3 2
Combination
Cartesian Co-
ordinate System, 6 3 4 3 3 3 3 6 8 6 6 10 8 9 0 4 7 7 4 4 6 4 8 5 8 3 6 6
Straight Line
Pair of Straight
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
Lines
Circles 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 1 0 2 2 - 1 2
Conics - Parabola,
2 2 1 3 3 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 5 5 2 2 4 2 1 3 1 0 3 1 2 2
Ellipse & Hyperbola
Trigonometry :
Ratio & Identity,
10 8 10 7 13 14 7 12 4 10 19 8 9 7 11 11 5 6 8 8 8 4 8 7 18 11 19 11
Trigonometric
Equation
Properties of
Triangle, Inverse
3 6 5 3 5 4 5 2 7 6 5 1 2 1 4 6 9 4 5 4 1 4 5 3 4 3 4 4
Trigonometric
Function
Height & Distance 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 - 2
Functions, Limits,
Continuity and 7 3 8 9 5 4 10 7 3 0 5 8 7 6 11 9 7 9 9 9 12 17 10 11 6 6 8 7
Differentiability
Derivatives 0 3 7 2 5 8 4 4 1 2 3 4 6 4 0 2 2 2 5 5 2 3 2 2 2 3 4 3
Application of
7 4 3 5 7 4 6 5 3 6 5 3 2 3 5 4 8 6 4 3 2 5 2 4 1 6 6 5
Derivatives
Indefinite
2 1 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 1 2 3 2 3 0 0 4 6 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 4 3
Integration
Definite Integration
3 5 2 3 2 3 3 6 4 4 3 5 6 7 5 6 8 5 3 3 4 4 10 3 3 3 4 3
& its applications
Differential
6 5 2 6 2 3 5 6 5 2 3 7 5 3 13 4 6 6 5 4 6 4 5 7 5 6 4 4
Equation
Matrices and
8 11 11 7 10 8 9 9 8 7 11 8 7 9 6 10 7 8 11 11 12 9 3 15 7 5 8 11
Determinants
Probability and
Probability 6 4 6 7 8 6 8 4 6 5 3 10 11 10 5 13 8 8 2 6 9 11 8 7 16 8 10 5
Distribution
Vectors 9 6 9 10 7 7 8 8 8 6 7 8 6 6 2 10 7 7 12 6 6 6 5 8 5 5 5 5
3D-Geometry 6 7 5 7 6 6 8 2 5 4 5 8 7 1 13 7 4 8 2 8 6 5 5 4 4 5 5 5
Statistics 7 6 6 7 6 6 4 10 7 19 5 11 8 9 8 4 7 7 4 5 10 8 10 10 4 9 10 11
 TOPICWISE SOLVED PAPER FOR NDA/NA
MATHEMATICS 2019-21
Sets, Relations, Functions and Number System p
9. For x = , what is the value of [ho(gof )](x)?
1. If A, B and C are subsets of a given set, then which one of 2
the following relations is not correct? [NDA 2019-II] [NDA 2019-II]
(a) A È (A Ç B) = A È B p p
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
(b) A Ç (A È B) = A 4 2
(c) (A Ç B) È C = (A È C) Ç (B È C) 10. What is [fo(fof )] (2) equal to? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 256
(d) (A È B) Ç C = (A Ç C) È (B Ç C) 11. A car travels first 60 km at a speed of 3v km/hr and travels
2. If a set A contains 3 elements and another set B contains next 60 km at 2v km/hr. What is the average speed of the
6 elements, then what is the minimum number of elements car? [NDA 2019-II]
that (A È B) can have? [NDA 2019-II] (a) 2.5 v km/hr (b) 2.4 v km/hr
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 9 (c) 2.2 v km/hr (d) 2.1 v km/hr
3. In a school, 50% students play cricket and 40% play 12. The mean weight of 150 students in a certain class is 60 kg.
football. If 10% of students play both the games, then The mean weight of boys is 70 kg and that of girls is 55 kg.
what per cent of students play neither cricket nor football? What are the number of boys and girls respectively in the
[NDA 2019-II] class? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 10% (b) 15% (c) 20% (d) 25% (a) 75 and 75 (b) 50 and 100
4. If A = [x ; 0 £ x £ 2] and B = [y, y is a prime number], then (c) 70 and 80 (d) 100 and 50
what is AÇ B equal to ? [NDA 2019-II] 13. Consider the proper subsets of {1, 2, 3, 4}. How many of
(a) f (b) [1] (c) [2] (d) [1, 2] these proper subsets are superset of the set {3}?
5. What is the value of [NDA 2019-II] [NDA 2020-I]
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
2+ 1 ?
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 14-16) : Read the following information
2+ 1
2+ 1 and answer the three items that follow:
2 + ... ¥ Consider the following Venn diagram, where X, Y and Z are three
(a) (b) sets. Let the number of elements in Z be denoted by n(Z) which
2 -1 2 +1
is equal to 90.
(c) 3 (d) 4
6. If n! has 17 zeros, then what is the value of n? X Y
[NDA 2019-II]
a 16 b
(a) 95
(b) 85 18
12 17
(c) 80
(d) No such value of n exists c
7. Let S = (2, 4, 6, 8, ............ 20). [NDA 2019-II] Z
What is the maximum number of subsets does S have? 14. If the number of elements in Y and Z are in the ratio 4 : 5,
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 512 (d) 1024 then what is the value of b? [NDA 2020-I]
8. A binary number is represented by (cdccddcccddd)2 , (a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 21 (d) 23
where c > d. What is its decimal equivalent? 15. What is the value of [NDA 2020-I]
[NDA 2019-II] n( X ) + n(Y ) + n( Z ) - n( X Ç Y ) - n(Y Ç Z ) - n( X Ç Z )
(a) 1848 (b) 2048 (c) 2842 (d) 2872
+ n( X Ç Y Ç Z )?
Directions for the following two (02) items : Read the following
information and answer the two items that follow: (a) a + b + 43 (b) a + b + 63
(c) a + b + 96 (d) a + b + 106
Let f(x) = x2, g(x) = tan x and h(x) = ln x.
 EBD_7346
2 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

16. If the number of elements belonging to neither X nor Y, nor [NDA 2021-I]
Z is equal to p, then what is the number of elements in the (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
complement of X ? [NDA 2020-I] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) p + b + 60 (b) p + b + 40 26. Consider the following statements :
(c) p + a + 60 (d) p + a + 40 1. The null set is a subset of every set.
17. The number (1101101 + 1011011)2 can be written in decimal 2. Every set is a subset of itself.
system as [NDA 2020-I] 3. If a set has 10 elements, then its power set will have
(a) (198)10 (b) (199)10 1024 elements.
(c) (200)10 (d) (201)10 Which of the above statements are correct?
18. What is the value of [NDA 2021-I]
1 1 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
log5 1024 - log5 10 + log5 3125? [NDA 2020-I] (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
10 5
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 27. Let R be a relation defined as xRy if and only if
2x + 3y = 20, where x, y Î N. How many elements of the
19. If x = log c (ab), y = log a (bc), z = logb (ca), then which form (x, y) are there in R ? [NDA 2021-I]
of the following is correct? [NDA 2020-I] (a) 2 (b) 3 (e) 4 (d) 6
(a) xyz = 1 28. Consider the following statements :
(b) x + y + z = 1 1. A function f : ¢ ® ¢ , defined by f (x) = x + 1, is one-
(c) (1 + x) -1 + (1 + y) -1 + (1 + z )-1 = 1 one as well as onto.
2. A function f : ¥ ® ¥ , defined by f (x) = x + 1, is one-
(d) (1 + x)-2 + (1 + y)-2 + (1 + z ) -2 = 1 one but not onto.
20. Let S = {1, 2, 3, ....}. A relation R on S × S is defined by xRy Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1 [NDA 2021-I]
if log a x > log a y when a = . Then the relation is (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
2
[NDA 2020-I] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) reflexive only 29. A 24 cm long wire is bent to form a triangle with one of
(b) symmetric only the angles as 60°. What is the altitude of the triangle
(c) transitive only having the greatest possible area? [NDA 2021-I]
(d) both symmetric and transitive (a) 4 3 cm (b) 2 3 cm
21. 2
If f ( x) = 3 x - 5 x + p and f(0) and f(1) are opposite in (c) 6 cm (d) 3 cm
sign, then which of the following is correct?[NDA 2020-I] 30. The average of a set of 15 observations is recorded, but
later it is found that for one observation, the digit in the
tens place was wrongly recorded as 8 instead of 3. After
(a) –2 < p < 0 (b) –2 < p < 2
correcting the observation, the average is
(c) 0 < p < 2 (d) 3<p<5 [NDA 2021-I]
22. If f ( x) = 2 x - x 2 , then what is the value of 1 10
(a) reduced by (b) increased by
f ( x + 2) + f ( x - 2) when x = 0? [NDA 2020-I] 3 3
10
(a) –8 (b) –4 (c) 8 (d) 4 (c) reduced by (d) reduced by 50
23. A chord subtends an angle 120° at the centre of a unit 3
circle. What is the length of the chord? [NDA 2021-I] Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities
(a) 2 – 1 units (b) 3 – 1 units 1. If both p and q belong to the set (1, 2, 3, 4), then how many
equations of the form px2 + qx + 1 = 0 will have real roots?
(c) 2 units (d) 3 units
24. What is the interior angle of a regular octagon of side [NDA 2019-II]
length 2 cm ? [NDA 2021-I] (a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 7 (d) 6
2. What is the value of k for which the sum of the squares of
p 3p 3p 3p
(a) (b) (c) (d) the roots of 2x2 – 2(k – 2)x – (k + 1) = 0 is minimum?
2 4 5 8 [NDA 2019-II]
25. Consider the following statements : (a) –1 (b) 1
1. A = (1, 3, 5) and B = (2, 4, 7) are equivalent sets.
2. A = (1, 5, 9) and B = (1, 5, 5, 9, 9) are equal sets. 3
(c) (d) 2
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 2
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 3

3. If |x2 – 3x + 2 | > x2 – 3x + 2, then which one of the following 13. Which one of the following is the second degree
is correct? [NDA 2019-II] polynomial function f (x) where f (0) = 5, f (–1) = 10 and f (1)
(a) x < 1 or x > 2 = 6? [NDA 2019-II]
(b) 1 £ x £ 2 (a) 5x2 – 2x + 5 (b) 3x2 – 2x – 5
(c) 1 < x < 2 (c) 3x2 – 2x + 5 (d) 3x2 – 10x + 5
(d) x is any real value except 3 and 4 14. If p and q are the roots of the equation x2 – 30x + 221 = 0,
4. Under which one of the following conditions will the what is the value of p3 + q3? [NDA 2019-II]
quadratic equation x2 + mx + 2 = 0 always have real roots? (a) 7010 (b) 7110 (c) 7210 (d) 7240
[NDA 2019-II] 15. If cot a and cot b are the roots of the equation x2 – 3x + 2
= 0, then what is cot (a + b) equal to ? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) 2 3 £ m3 < 8 (b) 3 £ m2 < 4
1 1
(c) m2 > 8 (d) m 2 £ 3 (a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 3
2 3
5. If a and b are the roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0, then what is
16. The roots a and b of a quadratic equation, satisfy the
3
å (a j + b j ) equal to? [NDA 2019-II] relations a + b = a 2 + b2 and ab = a 2b2 . What is the
j= 0 number of such quadratic equations ? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 2 (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
6. How many terms are there in the expansion of 17. If 1.5 £ x £ 4.5, then which one of the following is correct?
(1 + 2x + x2)5 + (1 + 4y + 4y2)5?[NDA 2019-II] [NDA 2020-I]
(a) 12 (b) 20 (c) 21 (d) 22
(a) (2 x - 3)(2 x - 9) > 0
7. Let A È B = {x|(x – a)(x – b) > 0, where a < b}.
What are A and B equal to? [NDA 2019-II] (b) (2 x - 3)(2 x - 9) < 0
(a) A ={x|x > a} and B = {x|x > b} (c) (2 x - 3)(2 x - 9) ³ 0
(b) A ={x|x < a} and B = {x|x > b}
(d) (2 x - 3)(2 x - 9) £ 0
(c) A ={x|x < a} and B = {x|x < b}
18. The number of integer values of k, for which the
(d) A ={x|x > a} and B = {x|x < b} equation 2sin x = 2k + l has a solution, is [NDA 2021-I]
8. What is the solution of x £ 4, y³ 0 and x £ – 4, y £ 0? (a) zero (b) one (e) two (d) four
[NDA 2019-II] 19. If the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 2x + k = 0 are
(a) x3 – 4, y £ 0 (b) x £ 4, y3 0 real, then [NDA 2021-I]
(c) x £ – 4, y = 0 (d) x3 – 4, y = 0 (a) k < 0 (b) k £ 0 (c) k < 1 (d) k £ l
9. If xlog 7x > 7 where x > 0, then which one of the following 20. If a and b are the roots of the equation 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0,
is correct? [NDA 2019-II] then which one of the following is correct? [NDA 2021-I]
æ1 ö (a) b = – 2a2 – 2a (b) b = 4a2 – 3a
(a) x Î (0, ¥) (b) x Î ç , 7÷ (c) b = a – 3a
2
(d) b = – 2a2 – 2a
è7 ø
21. If one root of 5x + 26x + k = 0 is reciprocal of the other,
2

æ 1ö æ1 ö then what is the value of k? [NDA 2021-I]

(c) x Î ç 0, ÷ È (7, ¥) (d) x Î ç , ¥÷ (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 8
è 7ø è7 ø
22. If k is one of the roots of the equation x (x + 1) + 1 = 0,
10. How many real roots does the equation x3 + 3 |x| + 2 = 0
then what is its other root? [ NDA 2021-I]
have? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 1 (b) – k (c) k 2 (d) – k2
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Two (d) Four
11. Consider the following statements in respect to the Sequence and Series
quadratic equation [NDA 2019-II]
4 (x – p) (x – q) – r2 = 0, 1. What is the value of [NDA 2019-II]
where p, q and r are real numbers : 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – ... + 101 ?
1. The roots are real (a) 51 (b) 55 (c) 110 (d) 111
2. The roots are equal if p = q and r = 0 2. If the sum of first n terms of a series is (n + 12), then what
Which of the above statements is/are correct? is its third term? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 3. If the roots of the equation [NDA 2019-II]
12. What is the area of the region bounded by |x|< 5, y = 0 and a(b – c)x2 + b (c – a) x + c (a – b) = 0
y = 8? [NDA 2019-II] are equal, then which one of the following is correct?
(a) 40 square units (b) 80 square units (a) a, b and c are in AP (b) a, b and c are in GP
(c) 120 square units (d) 160 square units (c) a, b and c are in HP
(d) a, b and c do not follow any regular pattern
 EBD_7346
4 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

4. A geometric progression (GP) consists of 200 terms. If the [NDA 2021-I]

sum of odd terms of the GP is m, and the sum of even terms (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
of the GP is n, then what is its common ratio? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
[NDA 2019-II] 14. If x , x, – 8 are in AP, then which one of the following is
2

(a) m/n (b) n/m correct? [NDA 2021-I]

(c) m + (n/m) (d) n + (m/n) (a) x Î {– 2} (b) x Î{4}
5. Let m and n (m < n) be the roots of the equation x2 – 16x + 39 = 0.
(c) x Î {– 2, 4} (d) x Î {– 4, 2}
If four terms p, q, r and s are inserted between m and n to
15. The third term of a GP is 3. What is the product of its
form an AP, then what is the value of p + q + r + s?
first five terms? [NDA 2021-I]
[NDA 2019-II]
(a) 81
(a) 29 (b) 30 (c) 32 (d) 35
6. Let a, b, c be in AP and k ¹ 0 be a real number. Which of (b) 243
the following are correct? [NDA 2019-II] (c) 729
1. ka, kb, kc are in AP 2. k – a, k – b, k – c are in AP (d) Cannot be detennined due to insufficient data
16. Let x be the HM and y be the GM of two positive
a b c
3. , , are in AP numbers m and n. If 5x = 4y, then which one of the
k k k following is correct? [NDA 2021-I]
Select the correct answer using the code given below : (a) 5m = 4n (b) 2m = n
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 4m = 5n (d) m = 4n
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 17. The geometric mean of a set of observations is com-
7. How many two-digit numbers are divisible by 4? puted as 10. The geometric mean obtained when each
[NDA 2019-II] observation xi is replaced by 3xi4 is [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 21 (b) 22 (c) 24 (d) 25 (a) 810 (b) 900 (c) 30000 (d) 81000
8. Let Sn be the sum of the first n terms of an AP. If
S2n = 3n + 14n2, then what is the common difference? Complex Numbers
[NDA 2019-II]
1. What is the value of [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9
9. If 3rd, 8th and 13th terms of a GP are p, q and r respectively, éi + 3 ù
2019
éi - 3 ù
2019
then which one of the following is correct? ê ú +ê ú ?
[NDA 2019-II] ë 2 û ë 2 û
(a) q2 = pr (b) r2 = pq (a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 2i (d) – 2i
(c) pqr = 1 (d) 2q = p + r 2. If x = 1 + i, then what is the value of x6 + x4 + x2 +1?
10. If p2, q2 and r2 (where p, q, r > 0) are in GP, then which of [NDA 2019-II]
the following is/are correct? [NDA 2020-I] (a) 6i – 3 (b) – 6i + 3 (c) –6i – 3 (d) 6i + 3
1. p, q and r are in GP. 3. What is the modulus of the complex number
2. ln p, ln q and ln r are in AP.
Select the correct answer using the code given below : cos q + i sin q
, where i = -1? [NDA 2020-I]
[NDA 2020-I] cos q - i sin q
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
1 3
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 2
11. If n = 100!, then what is the value of the following? 2 2

1 1 1 1 1- i 3
+ + + ... + [NDA 2021-I] 4. What is the argument of the complex number ,
log 2 n log3 n log 4 n log100 n 1+ i 3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (e) 2 (d) 3 where i = -1? [NDA 2020-I]
12. If the first term of an AP is 2 and the sum of the first five (a) 240° (b) 210° (c) 120° (d) 60°
terms is equal to one-fourth of the sum of the next five 5. The smallest positive integer n for which
terms, then what is the sum of the first ten terms?
n2
[NDA 2021-I] æ 1- i ö
çè 1 + i ÷ø where i = -1 , is [NDA 2021-I]
(a) – 500 (b) – 250 (c) 500 (d) 250
13. Consider the following statements : (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
1. If each term of a GP is multiplied by same non-zero
number, then the resulting sequence is also a GP. 6. If Z = 1 + i, where i = -1 , then what is the modulus of
2. If each term of a GP is divided by same non-zero 2
number, then the resulting sequence is also a GP. Z+ ? [NDA 2021-I]
Z
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 5

7. Consider the following in respect of a complex number Z : 8. What is C (n, 1) + C (n, 2) + ... + C (n, n) equal to?
[NDA 2021-I]
1. ( Z -1 ) = ( Z )-1 (a) 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2n
2. ZZ –1 = |Z|2 (b) 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 +...+ 2n
Which of the above is/are correct? [NDA 2021-I] (c) 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2n – 1
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (b) 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2n – 1
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 9. What is the sum of the coefficients of first and last terms
8. Consider the following statements in respect of an in the expansion of (1 + x)2n, where n is a natural
arbitrary complex number Z : number? [NDA 2021-I]
1. The difference of Z and its conjugate is an imaginary (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) n (d) 2n
number.
2. The sum of Z and its conjugate is a real number. Permutation and Combination
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1. What is the number of diagonals of an octagon?
[NDA 2021-I] [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 48 (b) 40 (c) 28 (d) 20
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. If P(n, r) = 2520 and C(n, r) = 21, then what is the value of
9. What is the modulus of the complex number C(n + 1, r + 1)? [NDA 2019-II]
i2n + l (– i)2n – l, where n Î N and i = -1 ? (a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 28 (d) 56
[NDA 2021-I] 3. What is C(47, 4) + C (51, 3) + C(50, 3) + C (49, 3) + C(48, 3)
+ C (47, 3) equal to ? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2 (a) C(47, 4) (b) C(52, 5)
Binomial Theorem, Mathematical Induction (c) C(52, 4) (d) C(47, 5)
4. If C(20, n + 2) = C(20, n – 2), then what is n equal to?
2x
æ 2 1ö [NDA 2020-I]
1. If the middle term in the expansion of ç x + ÷ is
è xø (a) 18 (b) 25 (c) 10 (d) 12
5. What is the number of ways in which the letters of the
184756x10 , then what is the value of n? [NDA 2019-II]
word 'ABLE' can be arranged so that the vowels occupy
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 4
even places? [NDA 2020-I]
10 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
æ kö
2. If the constant term in the expansion of ç x - 2 ÷ is 6. What is the maximum number of points of intersection of 5
è x ø
non-overlapping circles? [NDA 2020-I]
405, then what can be the values of k? [NDA 2019-II] (a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25
(a) ± 2 (b) ± 3 (c) ± 5 (d) ± 9 7. In how many ways can a team of 5 players be selected
3. What is the sum of the last five coefficients in the expansion from 8 players so as not to include a particular player?
of (1 + x)9 when it is expanded in ascending powers of x? [NDA 2021-I]
[NDA 2020-I] (a) 42 (b) 35 (c) 21 (d) 20
(a) 256 (b) 512 (c) 1024 (d) 2048 8. How many 5-digit prime numbers can be formed using the
4. The term independent of x in the binomial expansion of digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if the repetition of digits is not allowed?
10 [NDA 2021-I]
æ 2 ö
çè 2 - x ÷ø is equal to [NDA 2020-I] (a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 0
x
(a) 180 (b) 120 (c) 90 (d) 72 Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line
2 6 2 12
5. If (1 + 2 x - x ) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x + .... + a12 x , then 1. The equation ax + by + c = 0 represents a straight line
what is a0 - a1 + a2 - a3 + a4 - .... + a12 equal to? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) for all real numbers, a, b and c
[NDA 2020-I]
(b) only when a ¹ 0
(a) 32 (b) 64 (c) 2048 (d) 4096
(c) only when b ¹ 0
6. If C0, C1, C2, ... , Cn are the coefficients in the expansion of
(d) only when at least one of a and b is non-zero
(1 + x)n, then what is the value of C1 + C2 + C3 + ... + Cn ?
2. What is the distance between the points [NDA 2019-II]
[NDA 2021-I]
P(m cos2a, m sin 2a) and
(a) 2n (b) 2n – 1 (c) 2n – 1 (d) 2n – 2 Q(mcos b, m sin 2b)?
7. What is the coefficient of the middle term in the expan- (a) |2m sin (a – b)| (b) |2m cos (a – b)|
sion of (1 + 4x + 4x2)5 ? [NDA 2021-I] (c) |m sin (2a – 2b)| (d) |m sin (2a – 2b)|
(a) 8064 (b) 4032 (c) 2016 (d) 1008
 EBD_7346
6 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

3. An equilateral triangle has one vertex at (–1, – 1) and (a) 1 only (b) 2 only

( )
another vertex at - 3, 3 . The third vertex may lie on
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
15. The point of intersection of diagonals of a square ABCD
[NDA 2019-II] is at the origin and one of its vertices is at A {4, 2}.
(a) (- 2, 2 ) (b) ( 2, - 2 ) What is the equation of the diagonal BD? [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 2x + y = 0 (b) 2x – y = 0
(c) (1, 1) (d) (1, – 1) (c) x + 2y = 0 (d) x – 2y = 0
4. The point (1, –1) is one of the vertices of a square. If 3x +
2y = 5 is the equation of one diagonal of the square, then Pair of Straight Lines
what is the equation of the other diagonal? [NDA 2020-I] 1. What is the angle between the lines [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 3x – 2y = 5 (b) 2x – 3y = 1 xcosa + ysina = a and
(c) 2x – 3y = 5 (d) 2x + 3y = –1 xsinb – ycosb = a
5. If the circumcentre of the triangle formed by the lines (a) b – a (b) p + b – a
x + 2 = 0, y + 2 = 0 and kx + y + 2 = 0 is (–1, –1), then what
(p + 2b + 2a ) (p - 2b + 2a )
is the value of k ? [NDA 2020-I] (c) (d)
(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) 1 (d) 2 2 2
6. Under which condition, are the points (a, b), (c, d) and 2. What is the obtuse angle between the lines whose slopes
(a – c, b – d) collinear? [NDA 2020-I] are 2 - 3 and 2 + 3 ? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) ab = cd (b) ac = bd (a) 105° (b) 120° (c) 135° (d) 150°
(c) ad = bc (d) abc = d 3. What is the acute angle between the lines x – 2 = 0 and
7. Let ABC be a triangle. If D(2, 5) and E(5, 9) are the mid-
points of the sides AB and AC respectively, then what is 3x – y – 2 = 0 ? [NDA 2021-I]
the length of the side BC? [NDA 2020-I] (a) 0° (b) 30° (e) 45° (d) 60°
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 14
8. If the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (0, k) Circles
to the line 3x – 4y – 5 = 0 is (3, 1), then what is the value of 1. The center of the circle
k? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 ( x - 2a)( x - 2b) + ( y - 2c)( y - 2d ) = 0 is [NDA 2020-I]
9. If 3x – 4y – 5 = 0 and 3x – 4y + 15 = 0 are the equations of (a) (2a, 2c) (b) (2b, 2d)
a pair of opposite sides of a square, then what is the area (c) (a + b, c + d) (d) (a – b, c – d)
of the square? [NDA 2020-I] 2. What is the radius of the circle 4x2 + 4y2 – 20x + 12y – 15
(a) 4 square units (b) 9 square units =0? [NDA 2021-I]
(c) 16 square units (d) 25 square units (a) 14 units (b) 10.5 units
10. A parallelogram has three consecutive vertices (– 3, 4),
(c) 7 units (d) 3.5 units
(0, – 4) and (5, 2). The fourth vertex is [NDA 2021-I]
(a) (2, 10) (b) (2, 9) (c) (3, 9) (d) (4, 10) CONICS- Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola
11. If the lines y + px = 1 and y – qx = 2 are perpendicular,
then which one of the following is correct? NDA 2021-I] 1. If the angle between the lines joining the end points of
(a) pq + l = 0 (b) p + q + 1 = 0
x2 y2
(c) pq – 1 = 0 (d) p – q + l = 0 minor axis of the ellipse 2
+ = 1 with one of its foci is
a b2
12. If A, B and C are in AP, then the straight line
Ax + 2By + C = 0 will always pass through a fixed point. p
The fixed point is [NDA 2021-I] , then what is the eccentricity of the ellipse?
2
(a) (0, 0) (b) (– 1, 1) (c) (1, – 2) (d) (1, – 1) [NDA 2019-II]
13. If the image of the point (– 4, 2) by a line mirror is (4, –
1 1
2), then what is the equation of the line mirror? (a) (b)
[NDA 2021-I] 2 2
(a) y = x (b) y = 2x (c) 4y = x (d) y = 4x 3 1
14. Consider the following statements in respect of the (c) (d)
2 2 2
points (p, p – 3), (q + 3, q) and (6, 3) :
1. The points lie on a straight line. 2. Let P(x, y) be any point on the ellipse 25x2 + 16y2 = 400. If
2. The points always lie in the first quadrant only for Q(0, 3) and R(0, –3) are two points, then what is (PQ + PR)
any value of p and q.
equal to ? [NDA 2020-I]
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 6
[NDA 2021-I]
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 7

3. In the parabola, y2 = x, what is the length of the chord (a) 0 (b) 2 sina
passing through the vertex and inclined to the x-axis at an (c) 2sinb (d) sina + sinb
angle q? [NDA 2020-I] 7. If 2tanA – 3tan B – 1, then what is tan(A – B) equal to?
(a) 2 (b) 2 [NDA 2019-II]
sin q × sec q cos q× cosec q
(c) cot q× sec 2 q (d) 2 tan q × cosec 2 q 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4. If any point on a hyperbola is (3 tan q, 2 sec q), then 5 6 7 9
what is the eccentricity of the hyperbola ? [NDA 2021-I] 8. What is cos80° + cos40° – cos20° equal to? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) –19
3 5 11 13
(a) (b) (c) (d) æ Aö æ Aö
2 2 2 2 9. What is cot ç ÷ - tan ç ÷ equal to? [NDA 2019-II]
è 2ø è 2ø
5. Consider the following with regard to eccentricity (e) of (a) tanA (b) cotA (c) 2tanA (d) 2cotA
a conic section : 10. What is cotA + cosecA equal to? [NDA 2019-II]
1. e = 0 for circle
2. e = 1 for parabola æ Aö æ Aö
(a) tan ç ÷ (b) cot ç ÷
3. e < 1 for ellipse è 2ø è 2ø
Which of the above are correct? [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only æ Aö æ Aö
(c) 2 tan ç ÷ 2cot ç ÷
(d)
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 è 2ø è 2ø
11. What is tan 25° tan 15° + tan 15° tan 50° + tan 25° tan 50°
TRIGONOMETRY- Ratio & Identity, equal to? [NDA 2019-II]
Trigonometric Equations (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 12-14) : Read the following information
29 and answer the three items that follow:
1. If cosec q = where 0 < q < 90°, then what is the value
21
of 4 sec q + 4 tan q? [NDA 2019-II] Let a sin 2 x + b cos2 x = c; b sin 2 y + a cos2 y = d an d ptan x
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20 = q tan y.
2. Consider the following statements: [NDA 2019-II] 12. What is tan2x equal to ? [NDA 2020-I]
1. cos q + sec q can never be equal to 1.5. c-b a-c
2. tan q + cot q can never be less than 2. (a) (b)
a-c c-b
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
c-a c-b
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) (d)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 c-b c-a
3. What is the length of the chord of a unit circle which d -a
subtends an angle q at the centre? [NDA 2019-II] 13. What is equal to? [NDA 2020-I]
b-d
æ qö æ qö (a) sin2 y (b) cos 2 y (c) tan2 y (d) cot 2 y
(a) sin ç ÷ (b) cos ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø
p2
æ qö æ qö 14. What is equal to? [NDA 2020-I]
(c) 2sin ç ÷ (d) 2cos ç ÷ q2
è 2ø è 2ø
(b - c )(b - d ) (a - d )(c - a)
a2 b2 (a) (b)
(a - d )(a - c ) (b - c )(d - b)
4. What is the minimum value of + where a >
cos2 x sin 2 x (d - a )(c - a) (b - c )(b - d )
0 and b > 0? [NDA 2019-II] (c) (d)
(b - c )(d - b) (c - a)(a - d )
(a) (a + b)2 (b) (a – b)2
2
(c) a + b 2 (d) |a2 + b2| DIRECTIONS (Qs. 15-17) : Read the following information
5. If tanA – tanB = x and cotB – cotA = y, then what is the and answer the three items that follow:
value of cot(A – B)? [NDA 2019-II]
Let tn = sin n q + cos n q.
1 1 1 1
(a) + (b) -
x y y x t3 - t5
15. What is t - t equal to? [NDA 2020-I]
xy 1 5 7
(c) (d) 1 +
x+ y xy t1 t3 t5 t1
6. What is sin (a + b) – 2 sina cosb + sin (a – b) equal to ? (a) t3 (b) t (c) t7 (d) t
5 7
[NDA 2019-II]
 EBD_7346
8 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

16. What is t12 - t2 equal to? [NDA 2020-I] cos17° - sin17°

24. If tan q = , then what is the value of q?
(a) cos 2q (b) sin 2q cos17° + sin17°
(c) 2cos q (d) 2sin q [NDA 2020-I]
17. What is the value of t10 where q = 45° ? [NDA 2020-I] (a) 0° (b) 28° (c) 38° (d) 52°
25. A and B are positive acute angles such that
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) cos 2B = 3sin 2 A and 3sin 2 A = 2 sin 2 B. What is the
4 16 32 value of (A + 2B) ? [NDA 2020-I]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 18-20) : Read the following information p p p p
and answer the three items that follow: (a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
Let a = b = 15°. 26. What is

18. What is the value of sin a + cos b ? [NDA 2020-I] sin 3x + cos3 x + 4sin 3 x - 3sin x + 3cos x - 4cos3 x
equal to ? [NDA 2020-I]
1 1 3 3 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 sin 2x (d) 4 cos 4x
(a) (b) (c) (d) 27. The value of ordinate of the graph of y = 2 + cos x lies in
2 2 2 2 2 2
the interval [NDA 2020-I]
19. What is the value of sin 7a - cos 7b ? [NDA 2020-I] (a) [0, 1] (b) [0, 3] (c) [–1, 1] (d) [1, 3]
28. What is the value of 8cos10° × cos 20° × cos 40° ?
1 1 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) [NDA 2020-I]
2 2 2 2 2 2 (a) tan 10° (b) cot 10° (c) cosec 10° (d) sec 10°
20. What is sin(a + 1°) + cos(b + 1°) equal to? [NDA 2020-I] 29. What is the value of cos 48° – cos 12°? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) 3 cos1° + sin1° 5 -1 1- 5 5 +1 1- 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1 4 4 2 8
(b) 3 cos1° - sin1°
2 30. The value of x, satisfying the equation logcos x sin x = 1,
1 p
(c) ( 3 cos1° - sin1°) where 0 < x < , is [NDA 2021-I]
2 2
1 p p p p
(d) ( 3 cos1° + sin1°) (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 12 3 4 6
p 31. What is cot 2x cot 4x – cot 4x cot 6x – cot 6x cot 2x
21. If sin x + sin y = cos y - cos x, where 0 < y < x < , equal to? [NDA 2021-I]
2
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
æ x - yö
then what is tan ç equal to? [NDA 2020-I]
è 2 ÷ø 32. If tan x = –
3
and x is in the second quadrant, then
4
1 what is the value of sin x.cos x? [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2
6 12 6 12
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 22-23) : Read the following information (a) (b) (c) - (d) -
25 25 25 25
and answer the two items that follow: 33. What is the value of the following? [NDA 2021-I]
1 æ 7p ö 5p
cosec ç ÷ sec æç ö÷
tan 3 A
Let = K , where tan A ¹ 0 and K ¹ .
tan A 3 è 6ø è 3ø
22. What is tan2A equal to? [NDA 2020-I]
4 4
K +3 K -3 3K - 3 K +3 (a) (b) 4 (c) –4 (d) -
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 3
3K - 1 3K - 1 K -3 3K + 1
34. What is the value of the following?
23. For real values of tan A, K cannot lie between
tan 31° tan 33° tan 35° ......... tan 57° tan 59°
[NDA 2020-I]
[NDA 2021-I]
1 1 (a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
(a) and 3 (b) and 2 35. What is the value of the following?
3 2
(sin 24° + cos 66°) (sin 24° – cos 66°) [NDA 2021-I]
1 1 (a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) and 5 (d) and 7
5 7
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 9

36. What is (1 + cot q – cosec q) (1 + tan q + sec q) equal 5. What is AB equal to? [NDA 2020-I]
to?
[NDA 2021-I] ( p 2 + q 2 ) sin q ( p 2 - q 2 ) sin q
(a) (b)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 p cos q + q sin q p cos q + q sin q
2
1 + tan 2 q æ 1 - tan q ö ( p2 + q 2 )sin q ( p 2 - q 2 ) cos q
37. What is -ç ÷ equal to? [NDA 2021-I] (c) (d)
1 + cot 2 q è 1 - cot q ø q cos q + p sin q q cos q + p sin q
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 tan q (d) 2 cot q 6. Consider the following statements : [NDA 2020-I]
38. If 7 sin q + 24 cos q = 25, then what is the value of 1. If ABC is a right-angled triangle, right-angled at A
(sin q + cos q)? [NDA 2021-I] 1
and if sin B = , then cosec C = 3.
26 6 31 3
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 2. If b cos B = c cos C and if the triangle ABC is not
25 5 25
39. If 3 cos q = 4 sin q, then what is the value of tan (45° + q)? right-angled, then ABC must be isosceles.
[NDA 2021-I] Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
7 7 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 10 (b) 7 (c) (d)
2 4 7. Consider the following statements : [NDA 2020-I]
1. If in a triangle ABC, A = 2B and b = c, then it must be
1
40. If tan A = , then what is cos 2A equal to ? an obtuse-angled triangle.
7 2. There exists no triangle ABC with A = 40°, B = 65° and
[NDA 2021-I]
a
24 18 12 6 = sin 40° cosec 15°.
(a) (b) (c) (d) c
25 25 25 25 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Function (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

ì æ 1ö ü p
1. What is tan í 2 tan -1 ç ÷ ý equal to? [NDA 2019-II] 8. The equation sin–1 x – cos–1 x = has [NDA 2021-I]
è 3ø þ 6
î
(a) no solution
2 3 3 1 (b) unique solution
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 8 9 (c) two solutions
2. If the angles of a tr iangles ABC are in AP and (d) infinite number of solutions
b:c= 3 : 2, then what is the measure of angle A? p
[NDA 2019-II] 9. tan–1 x + cot–1 x = holds, when [NDA 2021-I]
2
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 75°
(a) x ÎR (b) x Î R – (– l, l) only
3. If angle C of a triangle ABC is a right angle, then what is
tanA + tanB equal to? [NDA 2019-II] (c) x Î R – {0} only (d) x Î R – [– l, 1] only

a2 - b2 a2 b2 c2 10. The sides of a triangle are m, n and m 2 + n2 + mn .

(a) (b) (c) (d) What is the sum of the acute angles of the triangle?
ab bc ca ab
[NDA 2021-I]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 4-5) : Read the following information and (a) 45° (b) 60° (c) 75° (d) 90°
answer the two items that follow: 11. What is the area of the triangle ABC with sides a = 10
ABCD is a trapezium such that AB and CD are parallel and BC is cm, c = 4 cm and angle B = 30° ? [NDA 2021-I]
perpendicular to them. Let ÐADB = q, ÐABD = a, BC = p and (a) 16 cm2 (b) 12 cm2 (c) 10 cm2 (d) 8 cm2
CD = q and CD = q.
4. Consider the following : [NDA 2020-I]
Height & Distance
1. AD sin q = AB sin a
2. BD sin q = AB sin(q + a ) 1. A ladder 9 m long reaches a point 9 m below the top of a
vertical flagstaff. From the foot of the ladder, the elevation
Which of the above is/are correct? of the flagstaff is 60°. What is the height of the flagstaff?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only [NDA 2019-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 9 m (b) 10.5 m (c) 13.5 m (d) 15 m
 EBD_7346
10 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

2. A ladder 6 m long reaches a point 6 m below the top of a

7. Consider the following statements for f ( x) = e-| x| :
vertical flagstaff. From the foot of the ladder, the
elevation of the top of the flagstaff is 75°. What is the [NDA 2020-I]
height of the flagstaff ? [NDA 2021-I] 1. The function is continuous at x = 0.
(a) 12 m (b) 9 m 2. The function is differentiable at x = 0.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) (6 + 3) m (d) (6 + 3 3) m (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
3. The shadow of a tower is found to be x metre longer, (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
when the angle of elevation of the sun changes from 60° 3x + 3- x - 2
8. What is lim equal to? [NDA 2020-I]
to 45°. If the height of the tower is 5 (3 + 3) m, then x®0 x
what is x equal to? [NDA 2021-I] (a) 0 (b) –1
(a) 8 m (b) 10 m (c) 12 m (d) 15 m (c) 1 (d) Limit does not exist
9. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability 1
graph of y = ? [NDA 2020-I]
1. Consider the following statements in respect of the x -1
æ 1ö (a) The domain is { x Î R | x ¹ 1} and the range is the
function f(x) = sin ç ÷ for x1 0 and f(0) = 0 ;
è xø set of reals.
[NDA 2019-II] (b) The domain is { x Î R | x ¹ 1}, the range is
1. lim f(x) exists
x® 0 { y Î R | y ¹ 0} and the graph intersects y-axis at (0, –1).
2. f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (c) The domain is the set of reals and the range is the
Which of the above statements is/are correct? singleton set {0}.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (d) The domain is { x Î R | x ¹ 1} and the range is the
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 set of points on the y-axis.
sin x°
2. What is the value of lim ? [NDA 2019-II] sin x
x ® 0 tan 3 x° 10. If f ( x ) = , where x Î R , is to be continuous at
x
1 1 1 x = 0, then the value of the function at x = 0
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
4 3 2 [NDA 2020-I]
Directions for the following three (03) items: Read the following (a) should be 0 (b) should be 1
information and answer the three items that follow: (c) should be 2 (d) cannot be determined
Consider the function f(x) = g(x) + h(x) 11. What is the domain of the function f ( x) = cos -1 ( x - 2) ?
[NDA 2020-I]
æ xö æ 4xö
where g(x) = sin ç ÷ and h(x) = cos ç ÷ (a) [–1, 1] (b) [1, 3] (c) [0, 5] (d) [–2, 1]
è 4ø è 5ø
3. What is the period of the function g(x)? [NDA 2019-II] x + x 2 + x3 - 3
12. What is lim equal to ? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) p (b) 2p (c) 4p (d) 8p x ®1 x -1
4. What is the period of the function h(x)? [NDA 2019-II] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6
4p 5p 3p x4 - 1 x3 - k 3
(a) p (b) (c) (d) 13. If lim = lim 2 , where k ¹ 0, then what is
5 2 2 x ®1 x - 1 x® k x - k 2
5. What is the period of the function f(x)? [NDA 2019-II] the value of k? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) 10p (b) 20p (c) 40p (d) 80p
6. For what value of k is the function [NDA 2019-II] 2 4 8
(a) (b) (c) (d) 4
3 3 3
ì
ï 2x + 1 , x<0 sin x log(1 - x)
ï 4 14. What is lim equal to? [NDA 2020-I]
ï x®0 x2
f ( x) = í k , x = 0 continuous ?
ï 2
ïæ x + 1 ö , x>0
ïîçè ÷
2ø (a) –1 (b) Zero (c) –e (d) -
1
e
1 1 15. If f (x +1) = x2 – 3x + 2, then what is f (x) equal to?
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
4 2 [NDA 2021-I]
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 11

(a) x2 – 5x + 4 (b) x2 – 5x + 6
5. If eqj = c + 4qj, where c is an arbitrary constant and j is
(c) x2 + 3x + 3 (d) x2 – 3x + 1
a function of q, then what is j dq equal to? [NDA 2020-I]
a x - xa (a) q dj (b) –q dj (c) 4q dj (d) –4q dj
16. If lim = – 1 then what is the value of a?
x®a x a - aa
[NDA 2021-I] dy
6. If xm y n = a m + n , then what is equal to ?
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 dx
[NDA 2020-I]
x3 + x 2
17. What is lim equal to? [NDA 2021-I] mx
x ® -1 x 2
+ 3x + 2 my my ny
(a) (b) - (c) (d) -
nx nx ny mx
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
18. If a differentiable function f (x) satisfies 7. What is the minimum value of |x – 1|, where x Î R ?
[NDA 2020-I]
f ( x) + 1 3
lim 2
=- then what is lim f ( x) equal to? (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –1
x ® -1 x -1 2 x ® -1 8. What is the derivative of sin (ln x) + cos (ln x) with
[NDA 2021-I] respect to x at x = e ? [NDA 2021-I]
3 cos1 - sin1 sin1 - cos1
(a) - (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) 1 (a) (b)
2 e e

ì a + bx, x < 1 cos1 + sin1

(c) (d) 0
ï e
19. If the function f ( x) = í5, x = 1 is continuous,
ïb - ax, x > 1 dx
î 9. If x = et cos t and y = et sin t, then what is at t = 0
then what is the value of (a + b) ? [NDA 2021-I]
dy
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20
20. What is the domain of the function f (x) = 3x ? equal to? [NDA 2021-I]
[NDA 2021-I] (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2e (d) – 1
(a) (– ¥, ¥) (b) (0, ¥) 10. What is the derivative of ex with respect to xe ?
(c) [0, ¥) (d) (– ¥, ¥) – {0} [NDA 2021-I]

Derivatives xe x ex xe x ex
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ex e xe xe ex e
Directions for the following two (02) items: Read the following
information and answer the two items that follow: Application of Derivatives
Consider the equation xy = ex–y
Directions for the following three (03) items : Read the following
dy information and answer the three items that follow :
1. What is at x = 1 equal to ? [NDA 2019-II]
dx
A curve y = memx where m > 0 intersects y-axis at a point P.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 1. What is the slope of the curve at the point of intersection
2 P? [NDA 2019-II]
2. What is d y at x = 1 equal to ? [NDA 2019-II] (a) m (b) m2 (c) 2m (d) 2m2
dx 2 2. How much angle does the tangent at P make with y-axis?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 [NDA 2019-II]
2
3. What is the derivative of 2(sin x) with respect to sin x? (a) tan–1 m2 (b) cot–1 (1 + m2)
[NDA 2019-II]
æ 1 ö
(sin x ) 2 (sin x ) 2 (c) sin -1 ç ÷ (d) sec -1 1 + m4
(a) sin x 2 ln 4 (b) 2sin x 2 ln 4 è 1 + m4 ø
2 2
(c) In (sin x)2(sin x) (d) 2 sin x cos x 2(sin x ) 3. What is the equation of tangent to the curve at P?
[NDA 2019-II]
(a) y = mx + m (b) y = – mx + 2m
4. What is the derivative of tan–1x with respect to cot–1x ?
(c) y = m2x + 2m (d) y = m2x + m
[NDA 2020-I]
Directions for the following two (02) items: Read the following
1 x information and answer the two items that follow:
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) (d)
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 Consider the function
f(x) = 3x4 – 20x3 – 12x2 + 288x + 1
 EBD_7346
12 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

4. In which one of the following intervals is the function

1
increasing? [NDA 2019-II] (a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
(a) (–2, 3) (b) (3, 4) (c) (–3, –2) (d) (–4, –3) 2
5. In which one of the following intervals is the function 15. Consider the following statements in respect of the
decreasing? [NDA 2019-II] function f (x) = sin x : [NDA 2021-I]
(a) (–2, 3) (b) (3, 4) (c) (4, 6) (d) (6, 9) 1. f (x) increases in the interval (0, p).
æ 5p ö
x3 5x 2 2. f (x) decreases in the interval ç ,3p÷ .
6. If f ( x) = - + 6 x + 7 increases in the interval T è 2 ø
3 2
and decreases in the interval S, then which one of the Which of the above statements is/are correct?
following is correct? [NDA 2019-II] [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) T = (– ¥, 2) È (3, ¥) and S = (2, 3) (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) T = f and S = (– ¥, ¥)
(c) T = (– ¥, ¥) and S = f
Indefinite Integration
(d) T = (2, 3) and S = (– ¥, 2) È (3, ¥)
7. What is the maximum value of sin x × cos x ? [NDA 2020-I] dx
1
1. What is ò 2x2 - 2x + 1 equal to? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) (d) 2 2
2
tan -1 (2 x - 1)
æ pö (a) +c (b) 2tan–1(2x – 1) + c
8. What is the minimum value of 3cos çè A + ÷ø where 2
3
A ÎR? [NDA 2020-I] tan -1 (2 x + 1)
(c) +c (d) tan–1(2x – 1) + c
(a) –3 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 3 2
9. Consider the following statements : [NDA 2020-I]
dx
1. The function f ( x) = ln x increases in the interval 2. What is ò x (1 + lnx ) n equal to (n1 1)? [NDA 2019-II]

(0, ¥).
1 1- n
2. The function f ( x ) = tan x increases in the interval (a) + c (b) +c
( n - 1)(1 + lnx ) n +1
(1 + lnx )n -1
æ p pö
çè - , ÷ø . n +1 1
2 2 (c) +c (d) +c
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (1 + lnx ) n -1 ( n - 1)(1 + lnx ) n -1
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 3. If p( x) = (4e)2 x , then what is ò p( x) dx equal to ?
10. The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.7 cm/sec. [NDA 2020-I]
What is the rate of increase of its circumference?
[NDA 2020-I] p( x) p( x )
(a) +c (b) +c
(a) 4.4 cm/sec (b) 8.4 cm/sec 1 + 2 ln 2 2(1 + 2ln 2)
(c) 8.8 cm/sec (d) 15.4 cm/sec
11. A particle starts from origin with a velocity (in m/s) 2 p ( x) p( x )
(c) +c (d) +c
dx 1 + ln 4 1 + ln 2
given by the equation = x + 1. The time (in second)
dt 4. What is ò (elog x + sin x) cos x dx equal to ? [NDA 2020-I]
taken by the particle to traverse a distance of 24 m is
[NDA 2021-I] sin 2 x
(a) sin x + x cos x + +c
(a) ln 24 (b) ln 5 (c) 2 ln 5 (d) 2 ln 4 2
12. The curve y = – x3 +3x2 + 2x – 27 has the maximum
slope at [NDA 2021-I] sin 2 x
(b) sin x - x cos x + +c
(a) x = – 1 (b) x = 0 (c) x = 1 (d) x = 2 2
13. If x + y = 20 and P = xy, then what is the maximum value
of P? [NDA 2021-I] sin 2 x
(c) x sin x + cos x + +c
(a) 100 (b) 96 (c) 84 (d) 50 2
14. What is the maximum value of sin 2x · cos 2x?
[NDA 2021-I] sin 2 x
(d) x sin x - x cos x + +c
2
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 13

dx 2 4
5. What is ò x( xn + 1) equal to? [NDA 2020-I] (a)
3
square units (b)
3
square units

1
1 æ xn ö æ xn + 1 ö (c) square units (d) 1 square units
3
(a) ln ç ÷+c (b) ln çç n ÷÷ + c
n çè xn + 1 ÷ø è x ø
4. Let l be the length and b be the breadth of a rectangle such
æ x ön
1 æ x +1ö
n that l + b = k. What is the maximum area of the rectangle?
(c) ln çç n ÷÷ + c (d) ln ç ÷+c [NDA 2020-I]
è x +1 ø n çè x n ÷ø
k2 k2
3 x + 8 - 4k2 (a) 2k 2 (b) k 2 (c) (d)
6. What is the value of k such that integration of 2 4
x p/4
with respect to x, may be a rational function?
[NDA 2020-I]
5. What is the value of ò (tan3 x + tan x) dx ? [NDA 2020-I]
0
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
dx 4 2
7. What is ò sec x + tan x equal to ? [NDA 2021-I]
6. Let y = 3x2 + 2. If x changes from 10 to 10.1, then what is the
(a) ln (sec x) + ln | sec x + tan x | + c total change in y? [NDA 2020-I]
(b) ln (sec x) – ln | sec x + tan x | + c (a) 4.71 (b) 5.23 (c) 6.03 (d) 8.01
(c) sec x tan x – ln | sec x – tan x | + c 7. What is the area of the region enclosed between the curve
(d) ln | sec x + tan x | – ln | sec x | + c y2 = 2x and the straight line y = x? [NDA 2020-I]

dx 1 2
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 2
8. What is ò sec 2 (tan -1 x) equal to ? [NDA 2021-I] 2 3

(a) sin–1 x + c (b) tan–1 x + c a

f ( a - x)
(c) sec–1 x + c (d) cos–1 x + c 8. What is ò f ( x) + f ( a - x)
dx equal to? [NDA 2021-I]
0
2
9. What is ò e(2ln x + ln x ) dx equal to? [NDA 2021-I] a
(a) a (b) 2a (c) 0 (d)
2
x4 x3
(a) +c (b) +c
4 3 a a
9. If ò [ f ( x ) + f (- x)] dx = ò g ( x ) dx then what is g (x)
2 x5 x5 0 -a
(c) +c (d) +c
5 5 equal to? [NDA 2021-I]
(a) f (x) (b) f (– x) + f (x)
Definite Integration & Its Application (c) – f (x) (d) None of the above
Directions for the following two (02) items: Read the following
10. What is the area bounded by y = 16 - x 2 , y ³ 0 and
information and answer the two items that follow:
the x-axis ? [NDA 2021-I]
Consider the integrals (a) 16p square units (b) 8p square units
x xdx p (p - x )dx (c) 4p square units (d) 2p square units
I1 = ò0 1 + sin x and I2 = ò0 1 - sin(p + x)
Differential Equation
1. What is the value of I1? [NDA 2019-II]
1. What is the degree of the differential equation
p
(a) 0 (b) (c) p (d) 2p 2
d3y 2 æ d yö
4
2 æ dy ö
+ ç ÷ - x ç 4÷ = 0? [NDA 2019-II]
2. What is the value of I1 + I2? [NDA 2019-II] dx3 è dx ø è dx ø
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
p
(a) 2p (b) p (c) (d) 0 2. Which one of the following is the differential equation
2
3. What is the area of the region enclosed between the curve 1
that represents the family of curves y = 2 where c
y2 = 2x and the straight line y = x? [NDA 2019-II] 2x - c
is an arbitrary constant? [NDA 2019-II]
 EBD_7346
14 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

dy 1 (a) f ' (0) = 1 (b) f ' (0) = – 1

dy
(a) = 4 xy 2 (b) = (c) f ' (0) = 0 (d) f ' (0) does not exist
dx dx y
12. If the general solution of a differential equation is
dy dy
(c) = x2 y (d) = - 4 xy 2 y2 + 2cy – cx + c2 =0, where c is an arbitrary constant,
dx dx then what is the order of the differential equation?
Directions for the following three (03) items: Read the following [NDA 2021-I]
information and answer the three items that follow: (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Let f(x) = x2 + 2x – 5 and g(x) = 5x + 30 13. What is the degree of the following differential equa-
3. What are the roots of the equation g[f(x)] = 0?
[NDA 2019-II] d2y
tion? x = 1 + [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 1, –1 (b) –1, –1 (c) 1, 1 (d) 0, 1 dx 2
4. Consider the following statements: [NDA 2019-II] (a) 1 (b) 2
1. f [g(x)] is a polynomial of degree 3. (c) 3 (d) Degree is not defined
2. g [g(x)] is a polynomial of degree 2. 14. Which one of the following differential equations has
Which of the above statements is/are correct? the general solution y = aex + be–x ? [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 d2y d2y
(a) + y =0 (b) - y =0
5. If h(x) = 5f(x) – xg(x), then what is the derivative of h(x)? dx 2 dx 2
[NDA 2019-II]
(a) –40 (b) –20 (c) –10 (d) 0 d2y dy
6. The differential equation which represents the family of (c) 2
+ y =1 (d) - y =0
dx dx
curves given by tan y = c(1 – ex) is [NDA 2019-II]
15. What is the solution of the following differential equation?
(a) ex tan ydx + (1 – ex)dy = 0
(b) ex tan ydx + (1 – ex)sec2ydy = 0 æ dy ö
(c) ex (1 – ex)dx + tan ydy = 0 ln ç ÷ + y = x [NDA 2021-I]
è dx ø
(d) ex tan ydy + (1 – ex)dx = 0
(a) ex + ey = c (b) ex + y = c
7. The function u(x, y) = c which satisfies the differential
(c) ex – ey = c (d) ex – y = c
equation x(dx - dy ) + y (dy - dx) = 0, is [NDA 2020-I]
(a) x2 + y 2 = xy + c (b) x2 + y 2 = 2 xy + c
Matrices & Determinants
1. What is the value of the determinant [NDA 2019-II]
(c) x2 - y 2 = xy + c (d) x2 - y 2 = 2 xy + c
8. What is the solution of the differential equation 1! 2! 3!
æ dy ö 2! 3! 4!
ln ç ÷ = x ? ?
è dx ø [NDA 2020-I] 3! 4! 5!

(a) y = ex + c (b) y = e- x + c (a) 0 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 36

2. What are the values of x that satisfy the equation
(c) y = ln x + c (d) y = 2ln x + c [NDA 2019-II]
9. The solution of the differential equation dy = (1 + y 2 )dx is x 0 2 3x 0 2
[NDA 2020-I] 2x 2 1 + x2 2 1 = 0?
(a) y = tan x + c (b) y = tan( x + c) 1 1 1 0 1 1
-1 -1
(c) tan ( y + c) = x (d) tan ( y + c) = 2 x
(a) -2 ± 3 (b) -1 ± 3
10. The order and degree of the differential equation
2 (c) -1 ± 6 (d) -2 ± 6
dy é æ dy ö
2 ù3
3. If x + a + b + c = 0, then what is the value of
k
dx
= ò êê1 + çè dx ÷ø ú dx are respectively [NDA 2020-I]
ë ûú x+a b c
a x+b c ?
(a) 1 and 1 (b) 2 and 3 [NDA 2019-II]
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 4 a b x+c
11. If f (x) = e | x |, then which one of the following is correct? (a) 0 (b) (a + b + c)2
[NDA 2021-I] (c) a2 + b2 + c2 (d) a+b+c–2
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 15

é 1 -1ù éx + y y ù é2ù é3ù

4. If A = ê -1 1 ú , then the expression [NDA 2019-II] 11. Let A = ê , B = and C = ê ú . If
ë û ë 2x x - y úû ê -1ú
ë û ë2û
A3 – 2A2 is AB = C, then what is the value of the determinant of the
(a) a null matrix (b) an identity matrix matrix A? [NDA 2020-I]
(c) equal to A (d) equal to –A (a) –10 (b) –14 (c) –24 (d) –34
æ 1 2ö i i2 i3
æ 1 2ö
5. If A = ç 2 3÷ and B = çè 2 1÷ø , then which one of the i4 i6 i8
ç ÷
è 3 4ø 12. What is the value of the determinant where
i9 i12 i15
following is correct? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) Both AB and BA exist i = -1? [NDA 2020-I]
(b) Neither AB nor BA exists (a) 0 (b) –2 (c) 4i (d) –4i
(c) AB exists but BA does not exist
(d) AB does not exist but BA exists éa h gù é xù
ê ú
6. Let p, q and r be three distinct positive real numbers. If 13. Let A = êê h b ú
f and B = ê y ú , then what is AB equal
ú
êë g f c úû êë z úû
p q r
D= q r p , then which one of the following is correct? to? [NDA 2020-I]
r p q é ax + hy + gz ù
ê y ú
[NDA 2020-I] (a) ê ú
êë z úû
(a) D < 0 (b) D£0
(c) D > 0 (d) D ³ 0 é ax + hy + gz ù
ê hx + by + fz ú
7. Consider the following in respect of a non-singular matrix (b) ê ú
of order 3 : [NDA 2020-I] êë z úû
1. A (adj A) = (adj A) A é ax + hy + gz ù
2. | adj A | = | A | ê hx + by + fz ú
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (c) ê ú
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only ëê gx + fy + cz ûú
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) [ ax + hy + gz hx + by + fz gx + fy + cz ]
8. If A is a matrix of order 3 × 5 and B is a matrix of order 5 × 3,
then the order of AB and BA will respectively be a1 b1 c1
[NDA 2020-I] 14. If D is the value of the determinant a2 b2 c2 then
(a) 3 × 3 and 3 × 3 (b) 3 × 5 and 5 × 3
a3 b3 c3
(c) 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 (d) 5 × 3 and 3 × 5
what is the value of the following determinant?
é1 - i i ù
9. If matrix A = ê where i = -1, then which
ë - i 1 - i úû pa1 b1 qc1
one of the following is correct? [NDA 2020-I] pa2 b2 qc2
(a) A is hermitian
pa3 b3 qc3
(b) A is skew-hermitian
(c) ( A)T + A is hermitian (p ¹ 0 or 1, q ¹ 0 or 1) [NDA 2021-I]
(a) pD (b) qD
(d) ( A)T + A is skew-hermitian (c) (p + q)D (d) pqD
é0 k 4ù 15. If a + b + c = 4 and ab + bc + ca = 0, then what is the
value of the following determinant? [NDA 2021-I]
10. For how many values of k, is the matrix êê - k 0 -5ú
ú
ëê - k k -1ûú a b c
singular? [NDA 2020-I] b c a
(a) Only one (b) Only two c a b
(c) Only four (d) Infinite
(a) 32 (b) – 64 (c) – 128 (d) 64
 EBD_7346
16 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

16. If a1,a2, a3, ... , a9 are in GP, then what is the value of the Probability and Probability Distribution
following determinant? [NDA 2021-I]
1. A coin is biased so that heads comes up thrice as likely as
ln a1 ln a2 ln a3 tails. For three independent losses of a coin, what is the
ln a4 ln a5 ln a6 probability of getting at most two tails? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 0.16 (b) 0.48
ln a7 ln a8 ln a9
(c) 0.58 (d) 0.98
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 2. A bag contains 20 books out of which 5 are defective. If 3
17. If A and B are two matrices such that AB is of order n × n, of the books are selected at random and removed from the
then which one of the following is correct? [NDA 2021-I] bag in succession without replacement, then what is the
(a) A and B should be square matrices of same order. probability that all three books are defective?
(b) Either A or B should be a square matrix. [NDA 2019-II]
(c) Both A and B should be of same order. (a) 0.009 (b) 0.016 (c) 0.026 (d) 0.047
3. If a coin is tossed till the first head appears, then what will
(d) Orders of A and B need not be the same.
be the sample space? [NDA 2019-II]
18. How many matrices of different orders are possible with (a) {H}
elements comprising all prime numbers less than 30? (b) {TH}
[NDA 2021-I] (c) {T, HT, HHT, HHHT, ...........}
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6 (d) {H, TH, TTH, TTTH, .............}
p q 4. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the
19. Let A = where p, q, r and s are any four different probability that the sum of the numbers appearing on them
r s
is a prime number? [NDA 2019-II]
prime numbers less than 20. What is the maximum value
of the determinant? [NDA 2021-I] 5 1 7 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) 215 (b) 311 (c) 317 (d) 323 12 2 12 3
20. If A and B are square matrices of order 2 such that det(AB) 5. If 5 of a Company's 10 delivery trucks do not meet emission
= det(BA), then which one of the following is correct? standards and 3 of them are chosen for inspection, then
[NDA 2021-I] what is the probability that none of the trucks chosen will
(a) A must be a unit matrix. meet emission standards? [NDA 2019-II]
(b) B must be a unit matrix.
1 3 1 1
(c) Both A and B must be unit matrices. (a) (b) (c) (d)
8 8 12 4
(d) A and B need not be unit matrices.
6. There are 3 coins in a box. One is a two-headed coin; a fair
x 1 3 coin another is; and third is biased coin that comes up
heads 75% of time. When one of the three coins is selected
21. If the determinant 0 0 1 = 0 then what is x equal
at random and flipped, it shows heads. What is the
1 x 4 probability that it was the two-headed coin?
to? [NDA 2021-I] [NDA 2019-II]
(a) – 2 or 2 (b) – 3 or 3 (c) – l or 1 (d) 3 or 4 2 1 4 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1 x x +1 9 3 9 9
22. If f (x) = 2x x ( x - 1) x( x + 1) 7. Consider the following statements: [NDA 2019-II]
1. If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then it is
3x( x - 1) 2( x - 1)( x - 2) x ( x + 1)( x - 1) possible that P(A) = P(B) = 0.6.
then what is f (–1) + f (0) + f (1) equal to? [NDA 2021-I] 2. If A and B are any two events such that P(A|B) = 1,
(a) 0 (b) 1 then P( B | A ) = 1.
(c) 100 (d) – 100 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
23. The element in the i row and the jth column of a
th
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
determinant of third order is equal to 2(i + j). What is the (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
value of the determinant ? [NDA 2021-I] 8. If a fair die is rolled 4 times, then what is the probability
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6 that there are exactly 2 sixes? [NDA 2019-II]
24. With the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, all the possible determinants
5 25
with these four different elements are constructed. What (a) (b)
is the sum of the values of all such determinants? 216 216
[NDA 2021-I] 125 175
(a) 128 (b) 64 (c) 32 (d) 0 (c) (d)
216 216
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 17

9. What is the probability that February of a leap year selected rise. In the restaurant where they work, X bakes 50%, Y
at random, will have five Sundays? [NDA 2020-I] bakes 30% and Z bakes 20% of cakes. What is the
proportion of failures caused by X? [NDA 2020-I]
1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
5 7 7 9 10 19 28
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10. A husband and wife appear in an interview for two 29 29 29 29
vacancies for the same post. The probability of the 17. If three dice are rolled under the condition that no two dice
1 1 show the same face, then what is the probability that one
husband's selection is and that of wife's selection is . of the faces is having the number 6? [NDA 2020-I]
7 5
If the events are independent, then the probability of which 5 5 1 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
11 6 9 2 12
one of the following is ? [NDA 2020-I]
35 5 1 1
(a) At least one of them will be selected 18. If P ( A È B ) = , P ( A Ç B) = and P (not A) = , then
6 3 2
(b) Only one of them will be selected
which one of the following is not correct? [NDA 2020-I]
(c) None of them will be selected
(d) Both of them will be selected 2
(a) P( B) =
11. A dealer has a stock of 15 gold coins out of which 6 are 3
counterfeits. A person randomly picks 4 of the 15 gold
coins. What is the probability that all the coins picked will (b) P ( A Ç B ) = P ( A) P( B )
be counterfeits? [NDA 2020-I] (c) P ( A È B ) > P ( A) + P( B)
1 4 6 15 (d) P(not A and not B) = P(not A) P(not B)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
91 91 91 91 19. Let two events A and B be such that P (A) = L and P (B) =
12. A committee of 3 is to be formed from a group of 2 boys M. Which one of the following is correct? [NDA 2021-I]
and 2 girls. What is the probability that the committee L + M -1 L + M -1
consists of 2 boys and 1 girl? [NDA 2020-I] (a) P ( A | B) < (b) P ( A | B) >
M M
2 1 3 1 L + M -1
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) L + M -1 (d) P ( A | B ) =
3 4 4 2 P ( A | B) ³
M M
13. In a lottery of 10 tickets numbered 1 to 10, two tickets are
drawn simultaneously. What is the probability that both 5 1 1
20. If P ( A È B ) = , P( A Ç B ) = and P ( A) = , then
the tickets drawn have prime numbers? [NDA 2020-I] 6 3 2
which of the following is/are correct?
1 1 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1. A and B are independent events.
15 2 15 5 2. A and B are mutually exclusive events.
14. Consider a random variable X which follows Binomial Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 [NDA 2021-I]
distribution with parameters n = 10 and p = . Then (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
5
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Y = 10 – X follows Binomial distribution with parameters n 21. A coin is tossed twice. If E and F denote occurrence of
and p respectively given by [NDA 2020-I] head on first toss and second toss respectively, then
1 2 3 4 what is P(E È F) equal to? [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 5, (b) 5, (c) 10, (d) 10,
5 5 5 5 1 1 3 1
15. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.5 (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 2 4 3
and P ( A Ç B) = 0.4, then consider the following 2
statements : [NDA 2020-I] 22. In a binomial distribution, the mean is and variance is
3
1. P ( A È B ) = 0.9. 5
. What is the probability that random variable X = 2?
9
2. P ( B | A) = 0.6. [NDA 2021-I]
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
5 25 25 25
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 36 36 54 216
16. Three cooks X, Y and Z bake a special kind of cake, and
with respective probabilities 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05, it fails to
 EBD_7346
18 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

3 r r2 r r2 r r2 r r2
23. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = and P(B) = a+b a -b a+b a -b
4 (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 2 2
5
, then consider the following statements : 6. If â is a unit vector in the xy-plane making an angle 30°
8
[NDA 2021-I] with the positive x-axis, then what is â equal to ?
[NDA 2020-I]
3
1. The minimum value of P(A È B) is .
4 3iˆ + ˆj 3iˆ - ˆj
(a) (b)
5 2 2
2. The maximum value of P(A Ç B) is .
8 iˆ + 3 ˆj iˆ - 3 ˆj
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (c) (d)
2 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only uuur
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 7. Let A be a point in space such that | OA |= 12, where O is
uuur
Vectors the origin. If OA is inclined at angles 45° and 60° with x-
uuur
r axis and y-axis respectively, then what is OA equal to ?
1. What is the scalar projection of a = iˆ - 2 ˆj + kˆ on
[NDA 2020-I]
r
b = 4iˆ - 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ ? [NDA 2019-II] (a) 6iˆ + 6 ˆj ± 2k ˆ (b) 6iˆ + 6 2 ˆj ± 6kˆ

6 19 9 6 (c) 6 2iˆ + 6 ˆj ± 6kˆ (d) 3 2iˆ + 3 ˆj ± 6kˆ

(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 19 19 8. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 2iˆ - 4 ˆj + 5kˆ
2. If the magnitude of the sum of two non-zero vectors is
equal to the magnitude of their difference, then which one and iˆ - 2 ˆj - 3kˆ. What is the magnitude of dot product of
of the following is correct? [NDA 2019-II] vectors which represent its diagonals? [NDA 2020-I]
(a) The vectors are parallel (a) 21 (b) 25
(b) The vectors are perpendicular (c) 31 (d) 36
(c) The vectors are anti-parallel r r2 r r2 r r
(d) The vectors must be unit vectors 9. If | a ´ b | + | a × b | = 144 and | a |= 4, then what is | b |
3. Consider the following equations for two vectors equal to ? [NDA 2020-I]
r r (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
a and b : [NDA 2019-II] r
r
r r r r r2 r2 10. If the vectors a = 2iˆ - 3 ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ + 2 ˆj - 3kˆ and
1. (a + b) × (a - b) = a - b r
c = ˆj + pkˆ are coplanar, then what is the value of p?
r r r r r2 r2
2. ( a + b )( a - b ) = a -b
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 5
[NDA 2020-I]
(d) –5
r r2 r r2 r2 r2 r
3. a×b + a ´ b = a b 11. A vector r = ai$ + b $j is equally inclined to both x and y
Which of the above statements are correct? axes. If the magnitude of the vector is 2 units, then what
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only are the values of a and b respectively? [NDA 2021-I]
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only 1 1 1 1
4. Consider the following statements: (a) , (b) ,
r r 2 2 2 2
1. The magnitude of a ´ b is same as the area of a
r r (c) 2, 2 (d) 2, 2
triangle with sides a and b
r r r r r r r r r 12. Consider the following statements in respect of a vector
2. If a ´ b = 0 where a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0, then a = l b r r r r r
c = a + b , where | a | = | b | ¹ 0 :
Which of the above statements is/are correct? r r r
[NDA 2019-II] 1. c is perpendicular to ( a – b ).
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only r r r
2. c is perpendicular to ( a × b ).
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
r r Which of the above statements is/are correct?
5. If a and b are unit vectors and q is the angle between [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
æ qö
them, then what is sin 2 ç ÷ equal to? [NDA 2019-II] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
è 2ø
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 19
r r
13. If a and b are two vectors such that y-axis and the x-axis are in the ratio 3 :1 . What is the
r r r r acute angle between the two possible positions of the line?
a + b = a - b = 4 , then which one of the following is [NDA 2019-II]
correct? [NDA 2021-I] (a) 90° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 30°
r r 5. If the points (x, y, – 3), (2, 0, –1) and (4, 2, 3) lie on a straight
(a) a and b must be unit vectors. line, then what are the values of x and y respectively?
r r
(b) a must be parallel to b . [NDA 2019-II]
r r (a) 1, – 1 (b) –1, 1 (c) 0, 2 (d) 3, 4
(c) a must be perpendicular to b . 6. What is the length of the diameter of the sphere whose
r r
(d) a must be equal to b . centre is at (1, –2, 3) and which touches the plane
r r r r r 6 x - 3 y + 2 z - 4 = 0? [NDA 2020-I]
14. If a , b and c are coplanar, then what is (2 a × 3 b ) ·
r r r r (a) 1 unit (b) 2 units (c) 3 units (d) 4 units
4 c + (5 b × 3 c ) · 6 a equal to? [NDA 2021-I] 7. What is the perpendicular distance from the point (2, 3, 4)
(a) 114 (b) 66 (c) 0 (d) – 66
x-0 y-0 z -0
15. Consider the following statements : [NDA 2021-I] to the line = = ? [NDA 2020-I]
1. The cross product of two unit vectors is always a 1 0 0
unit vector. (a) 6 units (b) 5 units (c) 3 units (d) 2 units
2. The dot product of two unit vectors is always unity. 8. If a line has direction ratios < a + b, b + c, c + a >, then
3. The magnitude of sum of two unit vectors is always what is the sum of the squares of its direction cosines?
greater than the magnitude of their difference. [NDA 2020-I]
Which of the above statements are not correct? (a) (a + b + c)2 (b) 2(a +b + c)
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 (d) 1
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 9. Into how many compartments do the coordinate planes
divide the space? [NDA 2020-I]
3-D Geometry (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16
10. What is the equation of the plane which cuts an intercept
1. A point on a line has coordinates (p + 1, p – 3, 2p ) 5 units on the z-axis and is parallel to xy-plane?
where p is any real number. What are the direction cosines [NDA 2020-I]
of the line? (a) x + y = 5 (b) z = 5
(c) z = 0 (d) x + y + z = 5
1 1 1 11. What is the angle between the two lines having direc-
(a) , ,
2 2 2 tion ratios (6, 3, 6) and (3, 3, 0)? [NDA 2021-I]

1 1 1 p p p p
(b) , , (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 6 4 3 2
12. If l, m, n are the direction cosines of the line x – l = 2 (y +
1 1 1 3) = 1 – z, then what is l4 + m4 + n4 equal to?
(c) , ,-
2 2 2 [NDA 2021-I]
(d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient date 11 13
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 4
x -1 y - 3 z + 2 27 27
2. A point on the line = = has coordinates
1 2 7 13. What is the projection of the line segment joining
[NDA 2019-II] A (l, 7, – 5) and B (– 3, 4, – 2) on y-axis ? [NDA 2021-I]
(a) (3, 5, 4) (b) (2, 5, 5) (a) 5 (b) 4
(c) (–1, –1, 5) (d) (2, –1, 0) (c) 3 (d) 2
x-4 y-2 z-k 14. What is the number of possible values of k for which
3. If the line = = lies on the plane 2x – 4y the line joining the points (k, 1, 3) and (1, – 2, k + 1) also
1 1 2
passes through the point (15, 2, – 4) ? [NDA 2021-I]
+ z = 7, then what is the value of k? [NDA 2019-II] (a) Zero (b) One
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) Two (d) Infinite
(c) 5 (d) 7
15. The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to
4. A straight line passes through the point (1, 1, 1) makes an
the plane x + y + z = 3 is [NDA 2021-I]
angle 60° with the positive direction of z-axis, and the cosine
(a) (0, 1, 2) (b) (0, 0, 3)
of the angles made by it with the positive directions of the
(c) (1, 1, 1) (d) (– 1, 1, 3)
 EBD_7346
20 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

Statistics DIRECTIONS (Qs. 10-12) : Read the following information

and answer the three items that follow:
1. The median of the observations 22, 24, 33, 37, x + 1, x + 3,
46, 47, 57, 58 in ascending order is 42. What are the values
of 5th and 6th observations respectively?[NDA 2019-II] Number of students
(a) 42, 45 (b) 41, 43 Marks
Physics Mathematics
(c) 43, 46 (d) 40, 40
2. Arithmetic mean of 10 observations is 60 and sum of squares 10 - 20 8 10
of deviations from 50 is 5000. What is the standard deviation 20 - 30 11 21
of the observations? [NDA 2019-II]
(a) 20 (b) 21 30 - 40 30 38
(c) 22.36 (d) 24.70 40 - 50 26 15
3. For the variables x and y, the two regression lines are 6x +
50 - 60 15 10
y = 30 and 3x + 2y = 25. What are the values of x , y and
60 - 70 10 6
r respectively? [NDA 2019-II]
20 35 20 35 10. The difference between number of students under Physics
(a) , , - 0.5 (b) , , 0.5 and Mathematics is largest for the interval [NDA 2020-I]
3 9 3 9
(a) 20 - 30 (b) 30 - 40
35 20 35 20 (c) 40 - 50 (d) 50 - 60
(c) , , - 0.5 (d) , , 0.5
9 3 9 3 11. Consider the following statements : [NDA 2020-I]
4. The class marks in a frequency table are given to be 5, 10, 1. Modal value of the marks in Physics lies in the interval
15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50. The class limits of the first five 30 - 40.
classes are [NDA 2019-II] 2. Median of the marks in Physics is less than that of
(a) 3–7, 7–13, 13–17, 17–23, 23–27 marks in Mathematics.
(b) 2.5–7.5, 7.5–12.5, 12.5–17.5, 17.5–22.5, 22.5–27.5 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) 1.5–8.5, 8.5–11.5, 11.5–18.5, 18.5–21.5, 21.5–28.5 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) 2–8, 8–12, 12–18, 18–22, 22–28 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
5. The mean of 5 observations is 4.4 and variance is 8.24. If 12. What is the mean of marks in Physics? [NDA 2020-I]
three of the five observations are 1, 2 and 6, then what are (a) 38.4 (b) 39.4
the other two observations? [NDA 2019-II] (c) 40.9 (d) 41.6
(a) 9, 16 (b) 9, 4 (c) 81, 16 (d) 81, 4 13. What is the standard deviation of the observations
6. Consider the following discrete frequency distribution:
- 6, - 5, - 4, - 1, 1, 4, 5, 6 ?
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f 3 15 45 57 50 36 25 9 [NDA 2020-I]
What is the value of median of the distribution? (a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 4
[NDA 2019-II]
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 14. If Sxi = 20, Sxi2 = 200 and n = 10 for an observed variable
7. Mean of 100 observations is 50 and standard deviation is x, then what is the coefficient of variation? [NDA 2020-I]
10. If 5 is added to each observation, then what will be the (a) 80 (b) 100 (c) 150 (d) 200
new mean and new standard deviation respectively? 15. The arithmetic mean of 100 observations is 40. Later, it was
[NDA 2019-II] found that an observation '53' was wrongly read as '83'.
(a) 50, 10 (b) 50, 15 (c) 55, 10 (d) 55, 15 What is the correct arithmetic mean? [NDA 2020-I]
8. If the range of a set of observations on a variable X is (a) 39.8 (b) 39.7
known to be 25 and if Y = 40 + 3X, then what is the range (c) 39.6 (d) 39.5
of the set of corresponding observations on Y? 16. Let X and Y represent prices (in `) of a commodity in Kolkata
[NDA 2019-II] and Mumbai respectively. It is given that X = 65, Y = 67,
(a) 25 (b) 40 (c) 75 (d) 115
9. If V is the variance and M is the mean of first 15 natural s X = 2.5, sY = 3.5 and r ( X , Y ) = 0.8. What is the
numbers, then what is V + M2 equal to? equation of regression of Y on X? [NDA 2020-I]
[NDA 2019-II] (a) Y = 0.175X – 5 (b) Y = 1.12X – 5.8
(c) Y = 1.12X – 5 (d) Y = 0.17X + 5.8
124 148
(a) (b) 17. The numbers 4 and 9 have frequencies x and (x – 1)
3 3 respectively. If their arithmetic mean is 6, then what is the
value of x? [NDA 2020-I]
248 124
(c) (d) (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
3 9
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 21

18. The sum of deviations of n number of observations (c) both change of scale and change of origin
measured from 2.5 is 50. The sum of deviations of the same (d) neither change of scale nor change of origin
set of observations measured from 3.5 is –50. What is the 24. The following table gives the frequency distribution of
value of n? [NDA 2020-I] number of peas per pea pod of 198 pods :
(a) 50 (b) 60 (c) 80 (d) 100 Number of peas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
19. A data set of n observations has mean 2M, while another Frequency 4 33 76 50 26 8 1
data set of 2n observations has mean M. What is the mean
of the combined data sets? [NDA 2020-I] What is the median of this distribution? [NDA 2021-I]
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
3M 2M 4M 25. If M is the mean of n observations x1 – k, x2 – k, x3 – k,
(a) M (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3 ..., xn – k, where k is any real number, then what is the
mean of x1, x2, x3, ..., xn? [NDA 2021-I]
20. Consider the following measures of central tendency for (a) M (b) M + k (c) M – k (d) kM
a set of N numbers : [NDA 2021-I] 26. What is the sum of deviations of the variate values 73,
1. Arithmetic mean 2. Geometric mean 85, 92, 105, 120 from their mean? [NDA 2021-I]
Which of the above uses/use all the data? (a) – 2 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) 5
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 27. If the mean of a frequency distribution is 100 and the
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 coefficient of variation is 45%, then what is the value of
21. The numbers of Science, Arts and Commerce graduates the variance? [NDA 2021-I]
working in a company are 30, 70 and 50 respectively. If (a) 2025 (b) 450 (c) 45 (d) 4·5
these figures are represented by a pie chart, then what is 28. For which of the following sets of numbers do the mean,
the angle corresponding to Science graduates? median and mode have the same value? [NDA 2021-I]
[NDA 2021-I] (a) 12, 12, 12, 12, 24 (b) 6, 18, 18, 18, 30
(a) 36° (b) 72° (c) 120° (d) 168° (c) 6, 6, 12, 30, 36 (d) 6, 6, 6, 12, 30
22. For a histogram based on a frequency distribution with 29. The mean of 12 observations is 75. If two observations are
unequal class intervals, the frequency of a class should discarded, then the mean of the remaining observations is
be proportional to [NDA 2021-I] 65. What is the mean of the discarded observations?
(a) the height of the rectangle [NDA 2021-I]
(b) the area of the rectangle (a) 250
(c) the width of the rectangle (b) 125
(d) the perimeter of the rectangle (c) 120
23. The coefficient of correlation is independent of (d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data
[NDA 2021-I] 30. If the mode of the scores 10, 12, 13, 15, 15, 13, 12, 10, x is
(a) change of scale only 15, then what is the value of x? [NDA 2021-I]
(b) change of origin only (a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 15

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sets, Relations, Functions and Number System \ by eq. (1)
[n(A È B)]min = 6 + 3 – 3 = 6
1. (a) A B 3. (c) Given: n(Cricket) = 50
n(Football) = 40
n(Football Ç Cricket) = 10

40 10 30
A È ( A Ç B) = A
\ option (a) is wrong.
2. (b) Q n(A È B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A Ç B) ...(1)
Q n(A) = 6 Cricket Football
n(B) = 3
\ [n(A Ç B)]max = 3 \ Total players = 80
\ Non players = 100 – 80 = 20
 EBD_7346
22 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21
4. (c) A = {x : 0 £ x £ 2} 12. (b) Let no. of boys be x.
B = {y : y is a prime} 70 x + 55(150 - x)
\ A Ç B = {2} \ 60 =
150
1 Þ 15x + 8250 = 9000 Þ 15x = 750 Þ x = 50
5. (*) Let y = 2 +
1 \ Boys = 50 and girls = 100.
2+
2 + .... 13. (c) Number of proper subset of any set of n elements = 2n – 1
Here given set = {1, 2, 3, 4}
1 Number of proper subset = 24 – 1 = 16 – 1 = 15.
\ y=2+
y Proper subset = {(1), (2), (3), (4), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4),
Þ y2 = 2y + 1 Þ y2 – 2y – 1 = 0 (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (1, 2, 3),
(1, 2, 4), (1, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4) (f)}
2 ± (-2)2 - 4( -1) 2± 2 2 Now, A is superset of B, if B is proper set of A, but B is not
Þ y= Þy= =1 ± 2 proper set of A.
2 2
Q y>2 i.e. B £ A but A Ë B. Then A ³ B.
So, superset of {3} are {(3), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4), (1, 2, 3),
\ y = 1± 2 (1, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4)}
6. (d) Q number of zeroes = Highest power of 5. Hence, number of superset of {3} = 7.
\ by using options 14. (c) n(z) = 90
highest power in 95 is
12 + 18 + 17 + C = 90 Þ C = 43.
é 95 ù é 95 ù é 95 ù n( y ) 4
êë 5 úû + êë 25 úû + êë125 úû = 21 From question, =
n( z ) 5
highest power in 80 is
16 + 18 + 17 + b 4
é 80 ù é 80 ù =
êë 5 úû + êë 25 úû = 19 highest power in 85 is 90 5
b = 72 - 51 = 21.
é 85 ù é 85 ù 15. (d) n( X ) + n(Y ) + n( Z ) - n( X Ç Y )
êë 5 úû + êë 25 úû = 19
-n(Y Ç Z ) - n( X Ç Z ) + n( X Ç Y Ç Z )
\ option (D) no such value of n exists.
7. (d) S = {2, 4, 6, 8, ..., 20} = n( X È Y È Z )
n(S) = 10 = a + b + 90 + 16
\ Total subsets = 210 = 1024.
8. (d) (cd cc dd ccc ddd)2 = a + b + 106.
Qc>d 16. (a) n( X È Y È Z )1 = P
\ c = 1 and d = 0
\ no = (10 11 00 111 000)2 and n( Z ) = 90 (given)
\ decimal equivalent = 211 + 29 + 28 + 25 + 24 + 23 \ n( X )1 = P + 90 - 12 - 18 + b = p + b + 60.
= 2048 + 512 + 256 + 32 + 16 + 8
= 2872 17. (c) (1101101)2 + (1011011) 2
9. (a) Given: f (x) = x2; f (x) = tan x
= (1 ´ 26 + 1 ´ 25 + 0 + 1 ´ 23 + 1 ´ 2 2 + 0 + 1 ´ 20 )10
h(x) = ln x
p +(1 ´ 26 + 0 + 1 ´ 24 + 1 ´ 23 + 0 + 1 ´ 21 + 1 ´ 20 ) 10
\ (h o (g o f ) x at x =
2 = (64 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 1)10 + (64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 2 + 1)10
= (109 + 91)10 = (200)10.
æ pö
= ln(tan (x2) = ln ç tan = ln 1 = 0 1 1
è 4 ÷ø 18. (a) log 5 1024 - log 5 10 + log 5 3125
10 5
10. (d) [ f o ( f o f )](2)
= log5 (1025)1/10 - log5 10 + log 5 (3125)1/ 5
= ((x2)2)2 = x8 at x = 2, we get x8 = 28 = 256
11. (b) For first 60 km, speed = 3v kmph 1 1
10 10 5 5
for next 60 km speed = 2v kmph = log5 (2 ) - log5 10 + log 5 (5 )
Total distance = log5 (2) - log5 10 + log5 5
avg. speed =
Total time
æ 2 ´ 5ö
= log5 ç = log5 1 = 0.
=
120
=
2
=
2v
´6 =
12v
= 2.4 v kmph è 10 ÷ø
60 60 1 1 5 5
+ + 19. (c) 1 + x = logc (ab) + 1
3v v 3v 2v
= logc (ab) + logc c = log c (abc)
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 23

1 12 + 12 - ( AB)2 1 2 - ( AB) 2
(1 + x )-1 = = log( abc) c Þ cos(120°) = Þ =
logc (abc) 2(1) × (1) 2 2
Similarly, (1 + y )-1 = log( abc) a \ AB = 2 units.
24. (b) Number of sides, n = 8
and (1 + z )-1 = log( abc ) b Interior angle of n-sides polygon
Now, (1 + x ) -1 + (1 + y ) -1 + (1 + z )-1 (n - 2) ´ p (8 - 2) ´ p 3p
= = = .
n 8 4
= log ( abc) c + log (abc) a + log (abc) b 25. (c)
= log (abc) (cab) = 1. 1. A = {1, 3, 5} and B = {2, 4, 7} are equivalent sets,
because number of elements are equal.
20. (c) Give set S = {1, 2, 3, .....} 2. A = {1, 5, 9} and B = {1, 5, 5, 9, 9} = {1, 5, 9} are equal
For xRy, log a x > log a y sets, as A and B have all common elements.
Þx>y 26. (d) All three statements are true.
20 - 2 x
As xRx, log a x > log a x is not valid. 27. (b) 2 x + 3 y = 20 Þ y =
Hence, relation is not reflexive. 3
For xRy, log a x > loga y Þ x > y As ( x, y ) Î N

yRx, log a y > log a x Þ y > x 20 - 2

For x = 1, y = = 6, ( x, y ) = (1, 6) Î N
This is also not valid. Hence, relation is not symmetric also. 3
For xRy, log a x > loga y Þ x > y 20 - 8
For x = 4, y = = 4, ( x, y ) = (4, 4) Î N
For yRz, log a y > log a z Þ y > z 3
So, xRz, log a x > log a z Þ x > z 20 - 14
For x = 7, y = = 2, ( x, y ) = (7, 2) Î N
This is a valid relation. Hence, relation is only transitive. 3
\ Number of elements (x, y) = 3.
21. (c) f (0) = 3(0)2 - 5(0) + P = P 28. (a) f ( x ) = x + 1
2 Graph :
f (1) = 3(1) - 5(1) + P = P - 2
Clearly, f(0) and f(1) are opposite in sign. f (x)
\ P > 0 and P - 2 < 0 .
Þ 0 < P < 2. 3 f (x) = x + 1
2 2
22. (a) f ( x) = 2 x - x
f ( x + 2) + f ( x - 2) 1
–2 –1
x
0 1
= 2( x + 2) - ( x + 2)2 + 2( x - 2) - ( x - 2) 2 2 3 4

= 4 + 4 x - x2 - 4 - 4 x - x2 - 4 + 4 x - 4
= 8x - 2x2 - 8 f ( x ) = x + 1 is defined for all x Î R.
When x = 0, then, f ( x + 2) + f ( x - 2) = -8 Hence, f ( x ) = x + 1 is one-one and onto.
23. (c) Here AB is the chord and ÐAOB = 120° 29. (a) Among all triangles that have same perimeter,
AO = OB = 1 units (Radius) equilateral triangles are one that enclose maximum area.
A

8 cm 8 cm

O 60°
B D C
120° 24
= 8 cm
A B 3

24
From cosine rule, Here, AB = BC = CA = = 8 cm
3
(OA) 2 + (OB) 2 - ( AB)2
cos(ÐAOB) = 3 3 2
2( AO) × (OB) Area of DABC = ( BC )2 = (8) = 16 3 cm 2
4 4
AD is the altitude of the DABC.
 EBD_7346
24 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

1 7. (b) A È B = {x : (x – a) × (x – b) > 0; a < b}

Then, Area of DABC = ´ BC ´ AD + – +
2 –¥ +¥
a b
1 eleminating options
Þ 16 3 = ´ 8 ´ AD
2 (a) x > a has two signs in range (a, ¥)
\ x > a is not possible
\ AD = 4 3 cm. (b) x < a satisfies and x > b has only one sign in range (b, ¥)
30. (c) Sum of 15 observations = 15 × A (where A is average) \ x > b also satisfies.
Reduce in value after correction. \ A = {x : x < a}
8 x – 3 x = 50 {where x = unit digit of wrong number} and B = {x : x > b}
50 10 8. (c) x £ 4, y ³ 0
\ Reduction in new average = = and x £ –4, y £ 0
15 3
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities
1. (c) p, q Î {1, 2, 3, 4}
For real roots
q2 ³ 4p
If q = 1, p = f
If q = 2, p = 1
If q = 3, p = 1, 2
If q = 4, p = 1, 2, 3, 4 y=0
\ 7 such pairs exist.
2. (c) For 2x2 – 2(k – 2)x – (k + 1) = 0
Let roots be a and b.
k +1
\ a + b = k – 2; ab = – x = –4 x=0 x=4
2 by observing graph
Q a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab we get x £ –4 and y = 0
Þ a2 + b2 = (k – 2)2 + (k + 1)
x
Þ a2 + b2 = k2 – 4k + 4 + k + 1 9. (c) xlog 7 >7 ; x > 0
Þ a2 + b2 = k2 – 3k + 5 taking log both sides
2
æ 3ö æ 9ö log x
Þ a2 + b2 = ç k - ÷ + ç 5 - ÷ Þ log7x × log x > log 7 Þ ×log x > log 7
è 2ø è 4ø log 7
3 Þ (log x)2 > (log 7)2 Þ (log x)2 – (log 7)2 > 0
for minimum value k = 1
2 Þ (log x + log 7) (log x – log 7) > 0 Þ x = ,7
3. (c) |x2 – 3x + 2| > x2 – 3x + 2 7
Þ |(x – 1) (x – 2)| > (x – 1) (x – 2) + – +
by options, if we put x = 1 1 7
then we get 0 > 0 7
\ options (a), (b) and (d) are not correct.
4. (c) x2 + mx + 2 = 0 æ 1ö
for real roots \ x Î ç 0, ÷ È (7, ¥)
è 7ø
m2 ³ 4(2) (1)
m2 ³ 8 10. (a) x2 + 3|x| + 2 = 0
5. (d) Q x2 + x + 1 = 0 = (|x|)2 + 3|x| + 2 = 0
Þ a = w and b = w2 Þ (|x| + 1) (|x| + 2) = 0 Þ |x| = –1, –2
\ No real roots exist.
3
11. (c) 4(x – p) (x – q) – r2 = 0
\ å (a j + b j ) = (a0 + a1 + a2 + a3) + (b0 + b1 + b2 + b3)
j= 0 r2 r2
Q sum of 3 consecutive powers of a and b = 0 = (x – p) (x – q) – = 0 = x2 – (p + q)x + pq – =0
4 4
3 Discriminat,
\ å (a j + b j ) = a0 + b0 = 2 æ
j=0 r2 ö
D = [–(p + q)]2 – 4 ç pq - ÷ = 0
6. (c) (1 + 2x + x2)5 + (1 + 4y + 4y2)5 è 4ø
= [(1 + x)2]5 + [(1 + 2y)2]5 = (1 + x)10 + (1 + xy)10 2 2
D = (p + q) – 4pq + r = 0
\ Total numbers of terms in each of them is 11 but constant D = (p – q)2 + r2 = 0
term will be added We have D ³ 0 Þ real roots.
\ Total terms = 11 + 11 – 1 = 21
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 25
and if p = q, r = 0
æ -1 ± 3i -1 m 3i ö
the D = 0
Roots (a, b) = çç , ÷÷
\ equal roots \ both statements are correct. è 2 2 ø
12. (b) Given |x| < 5 Þ –5 < x < 5 Thus, number of different quadratic equations = 2.
y=0&y=8
17. (d) 1.5 £ x £ 4.5
y=8
3 9
£ x £ Þ 3 £ 2x £ 9
8 2 2
\ (2 x - 3) ³ 0 and (2 x - 9) £ 0
y=0
O Hence, (2 x - 3)(2 x - 9) £ 0
x = –5 x=5
18. (c) 2 sin x = 2k + 1
10
1
\ Area = 8 ´ 10 = 80 sq. units sin x = k + As sin x Î[ -1, 1]
13. (c) f (x) = ax2 + bx + c 2
f (0) = 5 Þ c = 5 ...(i) 1 3 1
f (–1) = 10 Þ a – b = 5 ...(ii) \ -1 £ k + £1 Þ- £k£
2 2 2
f (1) = 6 Þ a + b = 6 ...(iii) Hence, number of Integer values of k that satisfy are 2 and
from (ii) & (iii) that are (– 1 and 0)
we get, a = 3
19. (d) Roots are real, if D ³ 0
b = –2
\ quadratic equation is ( -2) 2 - 4k ³ 0
3x2 – 2x + 5 = 0
14. (b) x2 – 30x + 221 = 0 Þ (1 - k ) ³ 0 Þ k £ 1.
x2 – 13x – 17x + 17 ´ 13 = 0 20. (a) a and b are roots of 4 x 2 + 2 x - 1 = 0.
Þ (x – 13) (x – 17) = 0
\ p = 13, q = 17 2 1
\ Sum of roots (a + b) = - =-
\ p3 + q3 = 2197 + 4913 = 7110 4 2
15. (b) Given equation : x 2 - 3 x + 2 = 0 1 -1 - 2 a
\b = - -a = and 4a 2 + 2a - 1 = 0
Sum of roots, cot a + cot b = -( -3) = 3 ...(i) 2 2
Product of roots, cot a × cot b = 2 ...(ii) Þ 4a 2 = 1 - 2a.
cot a × cot b - 1 2 - 1 1 2 2a - 1 -2a - 1
Now, cot(a + b) = = = . Now, -2a - 2a = - 2a = = b.
cot a + cot b 3 3 2 2
21. (c) As one root is reciprocal of the other.
16. (b) ab = a 2b2 Þ ab (1 - ab) = 0 \ Product of roots = 1.
\ ab = 0 or 1 K
\ = 1 Þ K = 5.
1 5
When ab = 1 then a = 22. (c) Given equation : x( x + 1) + 1 = 0
b
Again from a + b = a 2 + b 2 D = ( -1)2 - 4(1)(1) = -3 < 0.
1 1 1 1 Two roots of the equation are same as cube root of unity
Þ +b = + b 2 Þ b2 - b = - (w and w2).
b b 2 b b2 Hence, other roots = K2.
(b - 1) æ 1ö Sequence and Series
Þ b(b - 1) = Þ (b - 1) ç b - ÷ = 0
b2 è b2 ø 1. (a) S = (1 – 2) + (3 – 4) + ... + 101
Þ –1 – 1 – 1 ... + 101
Þ (b - 1)(b3 - 1) = 0 Þ (b - 1) 2 (b 2 + b + 1) = 0 Þ –50 + 101
-1 ± 3i Þ S = 51
\b = 1 and b = 2. (a) Given: Sn = n + 12
2
Q Tn = Sn – Sn –1
1
Again, when b = 1, then a = = 1, roots (a , b) = (1, 1) \ T3 = S3 – S2
b
Þ T3 = (3 + 12) – (2 + 12) Þ T3 = 1
-1 + 3i -1 - 3i
When b = , then a = 3. (c) a(b – c) x2 +b(c – a)x + c (a – b) = 0
2 2
has coefficients in cyclic order
 EBD_7346
26 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21
\ its one root will be 1. 9. (*) T3 = AR2 = P
Q both the roots are equal T8 = AR7 = q
\ other root = 1 T13 = AR12 = r
\ Product of roots = 1 here q2 = P.r.
i.e. (AR7)2 = (AR2) (AR12)
c (a - b) 10. (c)
Þ = 1 Þ ac – bc = ab – ac
a(b - c) (1) p2, q2 and r2 in G.P.
2 1 1 1
Þ 2ac = ab + bc Þ = + Þ a, b, c are in HP.. 2 2 2 2
Then, (q ) = p × r Þ q = ( p 2 2 2 2
×r )
b a c
a(1 - r n ) Þ q2 = p × r
4. (b) Q Sn =
1- r Hence, p, q and r in G.P.
given: a1 + a3 + ... + a199 = m
(2) As, q 2 = p × r
2 100
a[(r ) - 1] Taking log on both sides, we have
\ =m ...(1)
r2 -1
also ln(q 2 ) = ln( p × r )
a2 + a4 + ... + a200 = n 2ln(q) = ln p + ln r
2 100
ar[(r ) - 1] Hence, ln p, ln q and ln r are in A.P.
\ =n ...(2)
r2 -1 1
11. (b) From = logb a
n log a b
eq. (2) ¸ (1) Þ r =
m 1 1 1 1 1
5. (c) x2 – 16x + 39 = 0 + + + + ..... +
log 2 n log 3 n log 4 n log5 n log100 n
Þ x2 – 13x – 3x + 39 = 0 Þ (x – 13)(x – 3) = 0
Þ Roots are 3 and 13. = log n 2 + log n 3 + log n 4 + ..... + log n 100
b-a = log n (2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × .....100) = log n 100!
AP between 3 and 13 has common difference =
n +1 As n = 100! (given)
13 - 3 \ log100! 100! = 1.
Þ d= =2
5 12. (b) Let common difference = d.
\ AP between 3 and 13 is 5, 7, 9, 11 Then, sum of first 5 terms
\ sum = 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 = 32 Sum of next 5 terms
6. (d) AP remains an AP if it is multiplied, divided and =
subtracted by a constant number. 4
\ All three statements are correct. 1 1 1
7. (b) First 2 digit number divisible by 4 is = 12 Þ × 5(4 + 4 × d ) = × × 5{(2 + 5 × d ) + 4 × d }
2 4 2
Last 2 digit number divisible by 4 is = 96.
Þ 4 ´ 4(1 + d ) = 4 + 14d
\ by AP concept
96 = 12 + (n – 1)4 \ d = -6.
\ Sum of first ten terms
96 - 12
Þ n= + 1 = 22 1
4 = ´ 10{(2 ´ 2 + 9( -6)} = -250.
8. (c) S2n = 3n + 14n2 2
2 13. (c) Both (1) and (2) are true.
n æ nö 3n + 7n2 14. (c) x2, x, –8 are in A.P.
\ Sn = 3 + 14 ç ÷ \ Sn =
2 è 2ø 2
\ 2 x = x2 - 8
3+ 7
\ S1 = = 5 = T1 Þ x2 - 2 x + 1 - 9 = 0 Þ ( x - 1)2 = 9
2
6 + 28
\ ( x - 1) = ±3 \ x Î{-2, 4}
S2 = = 17 = T1 + T2
2 3 3 2
\ (T1 + T2) – (T1) = 17 – 5 = 12 15. (b) Let G.P. is 2 , , 3, 3r and 3r
r r
Þ T2 = 12
3 3 2 5
\ d = T2 – T1 = 12 – 5 = 7. Product = 2 × × 3 × 3r × 3r = (3) = 243.
r r
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 27

2m × n cos 2q + i sin 2q
16. (d) x = and y = m×n = = cos 2q + i sin 2q.
m+n cos2 q + sin 2 q
5x=4y Modulus of Z =| Z |= cos2 (2q) + sin 2 (2q) = 1
m+n (2m × n)
A.M. of m and n = , As 5. =4. m×n 1- i 3
2 m+n 4. (a) Let x + iy =
1+ i 3
5m × n 5
=m+n m × n = (m + n)
2 m×n 2 (1 - i 3)(1 - i 3) (1 - i 3) 2
= =
5 m n
(1 + i 3)(1 - i 3) 12 - (i 3) 2
= +
2 n m 1 - 3 - i2 3 æ 1+ i 3 ö
= = - çç ÷÷ = - 1 - i 3
m 5 1 1+ 3 è 2 ø 2 2
Let = Z, then = Z+
n 2 Z 1 3
2 (Z2 + 1) = 5Z \x = - , y = -
2 2
2 Z2 – 5 Z + 2 = 0
(Z – 2) (2 Z –1) = 0 æ 3 ö
1 æ y ö ç- ÷
Argument = tan ç ÷ = tan ç 2
-1 -1 ÷
\ Z = 2 or
2 è xø ç -1 ÷
ç 2 ÷
m m 1 è ø
-1
= 2 Þ m = 4n or, = n = 4m = p + tan ( 3) = 180° + 60° = 240°.
n n 2
17. (c) Geometric mean = 10 n2
æ1- iö
5. (a) ç =1
when, each observation is replaced by 3 xi4 è 1 + i ÷ø
Now g.m. = 3. (10)4 = 30000
n2 n2
æ (1 - i )(1 - i ) ö æ (1)2 + (i )2 - 2i ö
Complex Numbers Þç =1Þç ÷ =1
è (1 + i )(1 - i ) ø÷ è 1 - (i ) 2 ø
2019 2019
éi + 3 ù éi - 3 ù
1. (c) ê ú +ê ú n2
ë 2 û ë 2 û æ -2i ö 2
Þç = 1 Þ (-i )n = 1
Q –i ´ i = 1 è 2 ÷ø
2019 2019 2
é -i ( -1 + i 3) ù é -i (-1 - i 3) ù For n = 2, ( -i )2 = (- i )4 = 1
\ ê ú +ê ú
ë 2 û ë 2 û Hence, n = 2.
2 2 2(1 - i )
= –i2019 éëw 2019 + (w 2 )2019 ùû 6. (b) Z + = (1 + i ) + = (1 + i ) +
Z (1 + i ) (1 + i )(1 - i )
= –i3 [1 + i] = –(–i)2 = 2i
2. (c) Given x = 1 + i 2(1 - i )
= (1 + i ) + = 1+ i + 1 - i = 2
squaring both sides 2
Þ x2 = 1 + i2 + 2i 7. (c) Let z = x + iy, z = x - iy
Þ x2 = 2i
\ x6 + x4 + x2 + i = (x2)3 + (x2)2 + x2 + 1 -1 1 1
and z = =
3 2
= (2i) + (2i) + 2i + 1 z x + iy
= 8i3 + 4i2 + 2i + 1
æ 1 ö æ x - iy ö æ x + iy ö
= –8i – 4 + 2i + 1 1. ( z -1 ) = ç ÷ =ç ÷ =ç ÷
= –6i – 3 è x + iy ø è x 2 + y 2 ø è x 2 + y 2 ø
cos q + i sin q 1 x + iy
3. (b) Z = ( z ) -1 = ( x - iy ) -1 = =
cos q - i sin q x - iy x 2 + y 2
(cos q + i sin q) (cos q + i sin q)
= ´
(cos q - i sin q) (cos q + i sin q) \ ( z -1 ) = ( z )-1.
(cos q + i sin q)2 æ 1 ö
= z × z -1 = ( x + iy ) ç
è x - iy ÷ø
2 2 2.
cos q - (i sin q)
 EBD_7346
28 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

( x + iy )( x + iy ) ( x + iy )2 r - 4(10 - r ) = 0 Þ 5r - 40 = 0 Þ r = 8.
= = =| z |2 Thus, 9th term is independent of x.
( x - iy )( x + iy ) x 2 + y 2
Hence, both (1) and (2) are true. 9th term = 10 C8 (2)10 -8 × (-1)8 = 10 C8 (2)2
8. (c) Let z = x + iy conjugate of z ' = x - iy 10 ´ 9
= ´ 4 = 180.
Now, z + z ' = x + iy + x - iy = 2 x (Real) 2
z - z ' = x + iy - x + iy = (2 y )i (Imaginery) 5. (b) (1 + 2 x - x 2 )6 = a0 + a1 × x + a2 × x 2 + .... + a12 × x12
Hence, both (1) and (2) are true. Putting x = –1,
9. (b) (i ) 2 +1 ( -i ) 2 -1 = ( -1) 2 -1 (i ) 2 +1+ 2 -1
n n n n n
{ } a0 - a1 + a2 + .... + a12 = (1 + 2( -1) - ( -1) 2 ) 6

= (-1)2 n -1 × (i )4 n = ( -1)2 n -1 × (1) = (1 - 2 - 1)12 = (-2) 6 = 64.

Now, modulus of ( -1)2 n-1 = 1. 6. (b) (1+ x )n = C0 + C1 x + C2 x 2 + C3 x3 + .... + Cn x n

For, x = 1,
Binomial Theorem, Mathematical Induction (1 + 1)n = C0 + C1 + C2 + C3 + ..... + Cn

æ 1ö
2n
Þ 2n = 1 + C1 + C2 + C3 + ..... + Cn {Q nC0 = nCn = 1}
1. (a) ç x 2 + ÷
è xø \ C1 + C2 + C3 + ..... + Cn = 2 n - 1
Its index is even
\ Middle term = Tn + 1 7. (a) (1 + 4 x + 4 x 2 )5 = (1 + 2 x ) 2´ 5 = (1 + 2 x)10 .
n
æ 1ö 10 5 10! 5 5
Tn + 1 = 2nCn(x2)n ç ÷
è xø \ Middle term = C5 (2 x ) = 5! 5! × 2 × x .
= 2nCn xn = 184756x10 Co-efficient of middle term = 8064.
\ comparing power of x we get n = 10
8. (c) (1 + x )n = n C0 + n C1x + n C2 x 2 + ..... + nCn x n
10
æ kö Putting x = 1,
2. (b) ç x - 2 ÷
è x ø (1 + 1)n = n C0 + n C1 + n C2 + ..... + n Cn
according to question. Term independent of x can be
calculated as Þ 2n - 1 = n C1 + n C2 + ..... + n Cn (Q n C0 = 1)
r
Now, 2n - 1 = 1 + 2 + 22 + ...... + 2 n-1
( x) æ kö
10 10- r
Cr .ç - 2 ÷
è x ø
\ SC (n, r ) = 1 + 2 + 2 2 + ........ + 2n -1
5-r/ 2- 2r
Þ x = x0 Þ 10 – 4r – r = 0 Þ r = 2 9. (b) (1 + x )2 n = 2 n C0 + 2 n C1 2 x + ........ + 2 n c2 n x 2 x
2
æ -k ö Sum of co-efficient of first and last term
\ 10C × ( x )8 . ç 2 ÷ = 405
2 èx ø = 2 n C0 + 2 n C2 n = 1 + 1 = 2.
10! 2
Þ 10C
2 × k2 = 405 Þ × k = 405 Þ k2 = 9 Þ k = ±3 Permutation and Combination
2!.8!
1. (d) Q Numbers of diagonals = nC2 – n
3. (a) Expansion of
\ diagonals in octagon = 8C2 = – 8
(1 + x )9 = 9 C0 + 9 C1x + 9 C2 x 2 + 9C3 x3 + 9C4 x 4 8´7
9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 = – 8 = 28 – 8 = 20
+ C5 x + C6 x + C7 x + C8 x + C9 x 2
Sum of last five co-efficient 2. (c) nPr = 2520; nCr = 21
9 9 9 9 9 n!
= C5 + C6 + C7 + C8 + C9 nP =
r = 2520 ...(1)
= 126 + 84 + 36 + 9 + 1 = 256. (n - r )!
4. (a) Let (r + 1)th term is independent of x.
nC = n!
10 - r – = 21 ...(2)
æ 2ö 10 r
(n - r )!. r !
= Cr × ç ÷
(r + 1)th term × (- x )r
è x2 ø Divide (1) by (2)
Exponent of x in independent term = 0 2520
Þ r! = = 120
r 21
i.e. - 2(10 - r ) = 0
2 Þ r! = 5! Þ r = 5 Q nCr = 21
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 29
Þ nC5 = 21 Þ n = 7
\ C(n + 1, r + 1) = C(8, 6) is (-1 + 3)2 + (-1 - 3)2
= 8C6 = 28
3. (c) C4 + 47C3 + 48C3 + 49C3 + 50C3 + 51C3
47 = 1 + 3 - 2 3 +1 + 3 + 2 3 = 8
Q nCr + nCr – 1 = n +1Cr by options, distance between (–1, –1) and (1, 1)
\ we get is 22 + 22 = 8
48C + 48C + 49C + 50C + 51C 4. (c) We know that diagonal of a square bisect each other
4 3 3 3 3
= 49C4 + 49C3 + 50C3 + 51C3 perpendicularly.
= 50C4 + 50C3 + 51C3 = 51C4 + 51C3 = 52C4 Equation of a diagonal : 3x + 2y = 5 (given).
Now, equation of other diagonal that is perpendicular to
20
4. (c) C(n+ 2) = 20C( n - 2) the given diagonal = 2x – 3y = K.
As vertex point (1, –1) does not lies on 3x + 2y = 5
20! 20! {Q 3(1) + 2(-1) ¹ 5}
Þ =
(n + 2)!(20 - n - 2)! ( n - 2)!(20 - n + 2)! Then, point (1, –1), must be on the diagonal
2x – 3y = K
(22 - n)! (n + 2)! Then, 2(1) – 3(–1) = K.
Þ =
(18 - n)! (n - 2)! \ K = 5.
Hence, equation of other diagonal : 2x – 3y = 5.
Þ (22 - n)(21 - n)(20 - n)(19 - n)
5. (c) Equation of two sides of the triangle are x + 2 = 0 and
= (n + 2)(n + 1) × n × (n - 1) y + 2 = 0.
For n = 10 They intersect at right angle.
Thus, triangle formed by them is a right angle triangle.
(22 - 10)(21 - 10)(20 - 10)(19 - 10) y
= (10 + 2)(10 + 1) ×10 × (10 - 1) x+2=0
Þ 12 × 11× 10 × 9 = 12 ×11 ×10 × 9 O
Hence, n = 10. x
5. (b) 2nd and 4th place are even place, so vowel 'A' and 'E' A
arrange either 2nd or 4th place in 2! = 2 × 1 = 2 ways 90° C
y+2=0
Consonent letter, 'B' and 'L' arrange at 1st and 3rd place in B
2! = 2 × 1 = 2 ways.
Total number of arrangement = 2 × 2 = 4. Kx + y + 2 = 0
6. (c) Maximum number of points of intersection of 2 non- Circumcentre of the right triangle lies on its hypotaneous.
overlapping circles = 2. So, circumcentre (–1, –1) must lies on the line
So, maximum number of points of intersection of 5 non- Kx + y + 2 = 0
overlapping circles = 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 = 20. \ K(–1) + (–1) + 2 = 0 Þ K = 1.
7. (c) Total number of players (excluding one particular 6. (c) Given points (a, b), (c, d) and (a – c, b – d) are collinear, if
player) = 8 – 1 = 7. a b 1
\ Required number of ways of selection = 7C5 = 21.
8. (d) Any 5-digits number formed by the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and c d 1 =0
5 (without repetition) will be always divisible by number 3, a-c b-d 1
because sum of digits of any number, thus formed
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, is divisible by 3. a(d - b + d ) + b(a - c - c ) + 1(c(b - d ) - d (a - c)) = 0
Hence, prime number of 5 digits can not be obtained by 2ad - ab + ab - 2bc + bc - ad = 0
using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Þ ad - bc = 0
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line \ ad = bc.
1. (d) ax + by + c = 0 represents a straight line only when at 7. (b) As point D(2, 5) and point E(5, 9) are mid point of side
least one of a and b is non zero. AB and AC, then
2. (a) P = (m cos 2a, m sin 2a) 2 × DE = BC
Q = (m cos 2b, m sin 2b) A
2 2 2
PQ = (m cos 2a - m cos b) + (m sin 2a - m sin 2b)
D (2, 5) E (5, 9)
Þ PQ = m2 .2.[1 - cos(2a - 2b)]

Þ PQ = m 2.2.sin 2 (a - b ) B C
Þ PQ = |2m sin (a – b)| Now,
3. (c) Distance between BC = 2 ´ (5 - 2)2 + (9 - 5)2
(–1, –1) and (- 3, 3)
= 2 ´ 32 + 42 = 2 ´ 5 = 10.
 EBD_7346
30 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

3 \ Slope of line mirror = 2

8. (c) Slope of the line, 3x – 4y – 5 = 0 is m = and equation of line mirror will slope m = 2 and passes
4
through (0, 0) is y = 2x.
4
Slope of any line perpendicular to 3x – 4y – 5 = 0 is m ' = - . 14. (a) Point ( p, p - 3), (q + 3, q) and (6, 3) are collinear, if
3
(0, K) p p-3 1
q+3 q 1 =0
6 3 1

3x – 4y – 5 = 0 Þ p(q - 3) + ( p - 3)(6 - q - 3) + 1(3( q + 3) - 6q ) = 0

(3, 1)
Hence, given points are collinear.
Here (p, q) can take +ve or –ve values.
Now, required line passes through the points (0, K) and (3, 1). So, statement (2) is incorrect.
K -1 4 D C
\ = - Þ K = 5. 15. (a)
0-3 3
9. (c) We know that pair of opposite sides of my square are O
(0, 0)
parallel.
So, distance between two parallel sides A B
= Side length of the square (4, 2)
\ Side length of the square
-(4 - 0)
15 - ( -5) 20 Slope of diagonal BD = = -2.
= = = 4 units (2 - 0)
32 + 4 2 5 Now, equation of line passes through origin and slope m = –2.
Area of the square = 4 × 4 = 16 units square. y = mx Þ y = -2 x Þ 2 x + y = 0.
10. (a) Let ABCD is a parallelogram as shown in figure. Pair of Straight Lines
Point O is the point of intersection of two diagonals.
D (x, y)
1. (d) for : x cos a + y sin a = a
C we get, m1 = – cot a
(5, 2) for: x sin b – y cos b = a
O we get, m2 = tan b

A m2 - m1
B (0, –4) \ tan q =
(–3, 4) 1 + m1 × m2
æ -3 + 5 4 + 2 ö
Point ‘O ’ = çè , ÷ = (1, 3). tan b + cot a
2 2 ø Þ tan q =
1 - tan b .cot a
Now, point ‘O’ bisect diagonal BD.
x+0 y-4 1 + tan a tan b
1= Þ x=2, 3= Þ y = 10. Þ tan q =
2 2 tan a - tan b
\ Fourth vertices D (x, y) = (2, 10).
1
11. (c) Two lines are perpendicular, if a1a2 + b1b2 = 0. Þ tan q =
tan(a - b)
1 - p × q = 0 Þ pq - 1 = 0. Þ tan q = cot (a – b)
12. (d) As A, B and C are in A.P.
p
\ 2B = A + C Þ A - 2B + C = 0 Þ q= + (a – b)
From given equation Ax + 2By + C = 0. 2
For ( x, y) = (1, - 1), A - 2 B + C = 0 p + 2a - 2b
Þ q=
Hence, line always passes through (1, –1). 2
13. (b) Let Point A = ( – 4, 2) and A' = (4, – 2) then, equation of 2. (b) Here, m1 = (2 - 3) and m2 = (2 + 3) .
line mirror passes through the mid-point of line AA ' and
also perpendicular to the line AA ' Obtuse angle between them,
æ m - m2 ö
æ -4+ 4 2- 2ö q = tan -1 ç 1
Mid point of line AA' = ç
è 2
,
2 ø
÷ = (0, 0) è 1 + m1 × m2 ÷ø

2 - (-2) 4 -1 æ 2- 3-2- 3 ö
Slope of AA' = = = = tan -1 ç ÷
-4 - 4 -8 2 è 1 + (2 - 3)(2 + 3) ø
2 - (-2) 4 1 æ -2 3 ö
= = =- = tan -1 ç -1
÷ = tan ( - 3) = 120°.
-4 - 4 -8 2 è 2 ø
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 31
3. (b) Given equation x – 2 = 0 given: ÐPF1 Q = 90°
1 \ mPF1 ´ mQF1 = –1
Slope, m1 = tan θ1 = = ¥.
0 -b b
\ tan q1 = tan 90° Þ q1 = 90°. Þ ´ = –1
ae ae
Other equation : Þ b2 = a2.e2 ...(i)
3x - y - q = 0 Q b2 = a2(1 – e2) ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii) we get,
3 e2 = 1 – e2
Þ Slope m2 = tan θ 2 = Þ 2e2 = 1
1
tan q2 = tan 60° Þ q2 = 60° 1
Þ e2 =
Angle between them = 90° – 60° = 30°. 2
1
Þ e=
Circles 2
1. (c) ( x - 2a)( x - 2b) + ( y - 2c)( y - 2d ) = 0 2. (b) Equation of the Ellipse : 25x2 + 16y2 = 400.
x 2 - 2(a + b) x + 4ab + y 2 - 2(c + d ) y + 4cd = 0
y
2 2 (0, 5)
x + y - 2(a + b) x - 2(c + d ) y + 4(ab + cd ) = 0
From general equation of circle, Q (0, 3)
2 2
x + y + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 (–4, 0) (4, 0)
–x x
O
Center = (–g, –f) and radius = ( - g )2 + ( - f )2 + C
R (0, –3)
\ Here g = –(a + b) and f = –(c + d).
Hence, center = (–g, –f) = ((a + b), (c + d)). (0, –5)
2. (d) Circle equation : –y

4 x 2 + 4 y 2 - 20 x + 12 y - 15 = 0
x2 y 2
15 + =1
Þ x2 + y 2 - 5 x + 3 y - =0 16 25
4 Here a = 16, b2 = 25
2

Radius = ( - g )2 + ( - f )2 - C Focci points = (0, ± be) = (0, ± b2 - a 2 )

5 3 15 = (0, ± 25 - 16) = (0, ± 3)

Here, g = - , f = and C = -
2 2 4 Point Q = (0, 3), and R = (0, –3).
2 2 Now, from question point P(x, y) lies on the ellipse, then
æ 5ö æ 3ö æ 15 ö sum of its distance from two fixed points is always constant,
\ Radius = ç ÷ + ç - ÷ - ç - ÷
è 2ø è 2ø è 4ø equal to length of its major axis.
Thus, (PQ + PR) = 2 × 5 = 10.
25 + 9 + 15 7
= = = 3.5 units. 3. (b) Given parabola : y2 = x.
4 2
From standard equation of parabola y 2 = 4ax
Focus = (a, 0)
CONICS- Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola
1
x2 y2 Here a =
1. (b) Given, + =1 4
2
a b2
y 2
y =x
P(t 2 , 2t )
P (0, b )
(0, 0) q
x
æ1 ö
ç ,0÷
F1
è4 ø

(ae , 0)

æ1 ö
\ Focus of parabola y 2 = x = ç , 0÷
è4 ø
Q (0, –b )
 EBD_7346
32 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21
Vertex of the parabola = (0, 0) \ No real roots
\ No solution.
æt tö 2
(ii) In second quadrant both tan q and cot q are negative
Let P ç 4 , 2 ÷ lies on the parabola \ In second quadrant value is less than 2.
è ø
So only statement 1 is true.
then, its slope = tan (q) {given}
3. (c)
t
\ 22 = tan q Þ t = 2 cot q
t O
4
1 1
q q
æt t ö 2 2 2
So, point P ç , ÷ = (cot 2 q, cot q) A B
ç 4 2÷ M
è ø
Its distance from vertex (0, 0) In DOAM,
2 2 2
= (cot q - 0) + (cot q - 0) æ qö
sin ç ÷ = AM
è 2ø
= cot q cot 2 q + 1 = cot q× cosec q Q AB = 2 AM
= cos q × cosec 2 q æ qö
\ AB = 2 sin çè ÷ø
x 2
y 2 2
4. (d) Let equation of hyperbola is 2
– =1 4. (a) For minimum value
a b2
a2 b2
a 2 +
then eccentricity e = 1 + cos 2 x sin 2 x
2
b = a2 sec2x + b2 cosec2x
Now, as point (3 tan q, 2 sec q) lies on hyperbola = a2(1 + tan2x) + b2(1 + cot2x)
32 tan 2 q 22 sec 2 q = a2 + b2 + Q2 tan2x + b2 cot2x
then, – =1
a2 b2 Q a2 tan2x + b2 cot2x ³ 2ab
\ minimum value = a2 + b2 + 2ab
9 tan 2 q 4sec 2 q = (a + b)2
– = 1.
a2 b2 5. (a) Given:
This is true for a2 = 9 and b2 = 4 tan A – tan B = x
and cot B – cot A = y
9 13
\ eccentricity (e) = 1 + = tan A - tan B x
4 2 Þ = y Þ tan A . tan B = for cot(A – B),
5. (d) All three statements are correct. tan A . tan B y
x
1+
TRIGONOMETRY- Ratio & Identity, 1 + tan A tan B y æ 1 1ö
Trigonometric Equations cot(A – B) = = =ç + ÷
tan A - tan B x è x yø
29 H 6. (a) sin (a + b) – 2 sin a cos b + sin (a – b)
1. (b) Given: cosec q = =
21 P by applying formula
Q we have Pythagorean triplet of (20, 21, 29) C + Dö æ C - Dö
\ P = 21 sin C + sin D = 2 sin æç ÷ × cos ç
è 2 ø è 2 ÷ø
B = 20
H = 29 = 2 sin a . cos b – 2 sin a . cos b
=0
æ 29 21ö 200
\ 4(sec q + tan q) = 4 çè + ÷ø » = 10 1
21 20 20 7. (c) Given : 2 tan A = 1 Þ tan A = and tan B = 1
2 3
3
2. (a) (i) cos q + sec q = tan A - tan B
2 Q tan (A – B) =
1 + tan × A tan B
1 + cos 2 q 3
Þ = 1 1 1
cos q 2 -
Þ 2 cos2 q – 3 cos q + 2 = 0 2 3 6 1
Þ tan (A – B) = = =
here discriminant is negative 1 1 7 7
1+ .
2 3 6
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 33
8. (c) Q cos C + cos D
15. (a) t n = sin n q + cos n q
æ C + Dö æ C - Dö
= 2cos ç .cos ç
è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø t3 - t5 sin 3 q + cos3 q - sin5 q - cos5 q
=
Now,
Þ cos 80° + cos 40° = 2 cos 60° . cos 20° t5 - t7 sin 5 q + cos5 q - sin 7 q - cos 7 q

1 sin 3 q(1 - sin 2 q) + cos3 q(1 - cos2 q)

=2. . cos 20° = cos 20° =
2 sin5 q(1 - sin 2 q) + cos 7 q(1 - cos 2 q)
\ cos 80° + cos 40° – cos 20° = 0
A A sin3 q× cos2 q + cos3 q× sin 2 q
9. (d) cot - tan =
2 2 sin 5 q× cos2 q + cos7 q × sin 2 q
A A A A sin 2 q × cos 2 q(sin q + cos q)
cos sin cos 2 - sin 2 =
= 2 - 2 = 2 2 ´2 sin 2 q × cos 2 q(sin 3 q + cos3 q)
A A A A 2
sin cos sin .cos (sin q + cos q) t1
2 2 2 2 = =
3 3 t3
(sin q + cos q)
cos A
= 2. = 2 cot A
sin A 16. (b) t12 - t 2 = (sin q + cos q)2 - (sin 2 q + cos 2 q)
10. (b) cot A + cosec A
= sin 2 q + cos 2 q + 2sin q × cos q - (sin 2 q + cos2 q)
A 2
1 + cos A
2 cos = 1 + sin 2q - 1 = sin 2q.
cos A 1 2 æ Aö
= + = = = cot ç ÷
sin A sin A sin A A A è 2ø 17. (c) t10 = sin10 (q) + cos10 (q)
2sin .cos
2 2 When q = 45°,
11. (b) tan 25° . tan 15° + tan 15° . tan 50° + tan 50° . tan 25°
= tan 15°(tan 15° + tan 50°) + tan 50° . tan 25° ...(1) t10 = sin10 (45°) + cos10 (45°)
tan 25° + tan 50° 10 10 10
Q tan 75° = = cot 15° æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
=ç +ç = 2×ç
1 - tan 25°. tan 50° è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø
Þ tan 25° + tan 50° = cot 15°(1 – tan 25° . tan 50°)
Put in (1) 1 1
= 2´ = .
Þ tan 15° . cot 15° . (1 – tan 25° . tan 50°) + tan 50° . tan 25° 32 16
= 1 – tan 25° . tan 50° + tan 50° . tan 25°
=1 18. (d) a = b = 15° (given)
12. (a) From a sin 2 x + b cos 2 x = c Now, sin a + cos b

a sin 2 x + b cos 2 x = c(sin 2 x + cos2 x ) æ 1 1 ö

= 2. ç × sin a + × cos a÷ {Q a = b}
è 2 2 ø
2 2
(a - c) sin x = (c - b) cos x
= 2(sin a × cos 45° + cos a × sin 45°)
sin 2 x (c - b)
Þ = = 2(sin(a + 45°)) = 2 × sin(15° + 45°)
cos 2 x (a - c )
(c - b) 3 3
Þ tan 2 x = = 2 × sin 60° = 2 ´ = .
(a - c ) 2 2
13. (c) From b sin 2 y + a cos 2 y = d 19. (d) sin 7a - cos 7b
= sin 7(15°) - cos 7(15°) = sin(105°) - cos(105°)
b sin 2 y + a cos 2 y = d (sin 2 y + cos 2 y )
= sin(90° + 15°) - cos(90° + 15°)
(b - d ) sin 2 y = ( d - a)cos 2 y
3
sin 2 y
(d - a) (d - a) = cos15° - ( - sin(15°)) = cos15° + sin15° =
Þ = Þ tan 2 y = 2
2
cos y (b - d ) (b - d )
20. (None) sin(a + 1°) + cos(b + 1°)
14. (b) From, p × tan x = q × tan y
ì 1 1 ü
p 2 × tan 2 x = q 2 × tan 2 y = 2í × sin(a + 1°) + × cos(b + 1°) ý
î 2 2 þ
p2 tan 2 y (d - a) (a - c ) (a - d )(c - a)
Þ = = × = .
q 2
tan x2 ( b - d ) (c - b ) (b - c )(d - b) = 2 { cos 45° × sin(a + 1) + sin 45° × cos(a + 1)} (Q a = b)
 EBD_7346
34 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

= 2{sin(a + 1 + 45°)} = 2 × sin(15° + 1° + 45°) AD AB

=
(i) sin a sin q
= 2 × sin 61°
Again Þ AD × sin q = AB × sin a
Hence, (1) is correct.
1 2 æ 3 1 ö
( 3 × cos1° + sin1°) = ç 2 × cos1° + 2 sin1°÷ AB BD
2 2è ø (2) =
sin q sin(180° - (a + q))
= 2 × (sin 60°× cos1° + cos60°× sin1°) AB BD
=
= 2(sin 61°). (ii) sin q sin(a + q)
Thus (i) = (ii) AB × sin(q + a) = BD × sin q
Hence, (2) is correct.
But none of the option have
2
1
( )
3 × cos1° + sin1° . 25. (a) From DABD,

21. (c) sin x + sin y = cos y - cos x AB BD

=
sin q sin(180° - (a + q))
sin x + sin y
=1 BD × sin q BD × sin q
cos y - cos x Þ AB = =
sin(a + q) sin a × cos q + cos a × sin q
æx+ yö æx- yö Again from DBCD,
2sin ç ÷ × cos ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø =1
BD = ( BC )2 + (CD)2 = p2 + q2
æx+ yö æx-yö
2 sin ç ÷ × sin ç ÷ BC p
è 2 ø è 2 ø sin a = =
BD p2 + q2
æ x- yö æ x- yö
cot ç ÷ = 1 Þ tan ç ÷ = 1. CD q
è 2 ø è 2 ø cos a = =
BD p2 + q2
tan 3 A
22. (b) =K
tan A p 2 + q 2 × sin q
3 tan A - tan A 3 \ AB =
=K p × cos q q × sin q
+
tan A × (1 - 3 tan 2 A) p2 + q2 p2 + q2
(3 - tan 2 A)
=K ( p 2 + q2 ) × sin q
(1 - 3tan 2 A) Þ 3 - tan 2 A = K - 3K tan 2 A =
p × cos q + q × sin q
K -3 sin17°
(3K - 1) tan 2 A = K - 3 Þ tan 2 A = 1-
(3K - 1) cos17 ° = 1 - tan17°
cos17° - sin17° =
( K - 3) 26. (b) tan q = sin17° 1 + tan17°
cos17° + sin17° 1+
23. (a, b) tan A = cos17°
(3K - 1)
æ K -3 ö tan 45° - tan17°
For real value of tanA, çè ÷ > 0. tan q = tan q = tan(45° - 17°)
3K - 1ø 1 + tan 45° × tan17°
1 tan q = tan(28°) Þ q = 28°.
\ For, < K < 3. 27. (d) From question, we have
3
tan A is not real. cos 2 B = 3sin 2 A and 3sin 2 A = 2 sin 2 B
1 Now,
Also, for < k < 2, tan A is not real. cos( A + 2B ) = cos A × cos 2 B - sin A × sin 2 B
2
B 3
24. (c) A a = cos A × 3sin 2 A - sin A × sin 2 A
2
p
3
= 3cos A × sin 2 A - × sin A × (2sin A - cos A)
2
C
q
a q = 3cos A × sin 2 A - 3cos A × sin 2 A = 0.
D
(1) Applying Sine ryke in DABD
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 35

æ pö Now,
\ cos( A + 2 B) = cos ç ÷
è 2ø 3 æ 4ö 12
sin x × cos x = × ç - ÷ = - .
p 5 è 5ø 25
\ A + 2B = .
2 æ 7p ö æ 5p ö
28. (a) sin 3 x + cos 3 x + 4 sin 3 x - 3sin x + 3cos x - 4 cos 3 x 35. (c) cosec çè ÷ø × sec çè ÷ø
6 3
= sin 3 x + cos 3 x - sin 3 x - cos 3 x = 0.
æ pö æ pö
29. (d) y = 2 + cos x = cosec ç p + ÷ × sec ç 2p - ÷
è 6ø è 3ø
Range of cos x = [-1, 1]
p p
ymin = 2 - 1 = 1. = –cosec × sec = ( -2)(2) = -4.
6 3
ymax = 2 + 1 = 3 36. (c)
Thus, ordinate of the graph = [1, 3]. tan 31° × tan 33° × tan 35°.........tan 55° × tan 57° × tan 59°
30. (b) 8 × cos10° × cos 20° × cos 40° = tan 31° × tan 33° × tan 35°.........
4 tan(90° - 35°) × tan(90° - 33°) × tan(90° - 31°)
= [2 × cos10° × sin10°] × cos 20° × cos 40°
sin10° = tan 31° × tan 33° × tan 35°.........tan 45°..........
4 cot 35° × cot 33° × cot 31°
= [sin 20°] × cos 20° × cos 40°
sin10° = 1.
2 37. (b) (sin 24° + cos 66°)(sin 24° - cos 66°)
= [2sin 20° × cos 20°] × cos 40°
sin10°
= sin 2 24° - cos 2 66°
2
= [sin 40°] × cos 40° = sin 2 24° - cos 2 (90° - 24°)
sin10°
1 sin 80° = sin 2 24° - sin 2 24° = 0.
= [2sin 40° × cos 40°] =
sin10° sin10° 38. (b) (1 + cot q - cosec q)(1 + tan q + sec q)
sin(90° - 10°) cos10° æ sin q + cos q - 1ö æ sin q + cos q + 1ö
= = = cot10°. =ç
sin10° sin10° è ÷ø çè ÷ø
sin q cos q
31. (b) cos 48° - cos12°
æ 48° + 12° ö æ 12° - 48° ö (sin q + cos q)2 - 12
= 2 × sin ç × sin ç =
è ÷
ø è ÷ø sin q × cos q
2 2
= 2 × sin 30°× sin( -18°) = - sin18° sin 2 q + cos 2 q + 2sin q × cos q - 1
=
æ 5 - 1ö æ 1 - 5 ö sin q × cos q
= -ç ÷ =ç ÷. 1 + 2 sin q × cos q - 1
è 4 ø è 4 ø = = 2.
sin q × cos q
log sin x
32. (c) logcos x sin x = 1 Þ =1 æ ö
2
log cos x 2
2 1 + tan q ç 1 - tan q ÷
1 + tan 2 q æ 1 - tan q ö = -ç ÷
p log æ 1 ö 39. (a) -ç ÷ tan 2 q + 1 ç tan q - 1 ÷
p
log sin çè
2ø
÷ 1 + cot 2 q è 1 - cot q ø è tan q ø
For x = , 4 = = 1. tan 2 q
4 p æ 1 ö
log cos log ç
4 è 2 ÷ø = tan 2 q - ( - tan q) 2 = 0.
40. (d) 7 sin q + 24 cos q = 25
33. (c) cot(6 x) = cot(2 x + 4 x)
7 24
cot 2 x × cot 4 x - 1 Þ × sin q + × cos q = 1
Þ cot 6 x = 25 25
cot 2 x + cot 4 x
\ cot 2 x × cot 6 x + cot 6 x × cot 4 x = cot 2 x × cot 4 x - 1 Again, (7)2 + (24) 2 = (25) 2
or, cot 2 x × cot 4 x - cot 4 x × cot 6 x - cot 6 x × cot 2 x = 1. 7 24
\ Let = cos a and = sin a
3 25 25
34. (d) tan x = - (Here 90° < x < 180°) Then, sin q × cos a + cos q × sin a = 1
4
3 4
sin x = and cos x = -
5 5
 EBD_7346
36 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

p 3. (d) B
Þ sin(q + a ) = sin
2
p æp ö
Þ q+a = Þ q = ç - a÷ a c
2 è2 ø
Now, sin q + cos q
C A
æp ö æp ö b
= sin ç - a÷ + cos ç - a÷
è2 ø è2 ø we have c2 = a2 + b2
7 24 31 a b a 2 + b2 c 2
= cos a + sin a = + = . tan A + tan B = + = =
25 25 25 b a ab ab
41. (b) 3cos q = 4sin q 4. (b) C
sin q 3 3 3
Þ = Þ tan q = 1
cos q 4 4
90°
tan 45° + tan q A B
\ tan(45 + q) = (1) DABC is a right angled triangle.
1 - tan 45° × tan q
3 AC 1
1+ sin B = =
4 = 7 = 7. BC 3
=
3 1 \ AC = 1, BC = 3.
1-
4 Now,

æ 1ö
2 AB = ( BC )2 - ( AC )2 = (3)2 - (1)2 = 2 2.
1- ç ÷
1 1 - tan 2 A è 7ø 24 AB 2 2
42. (a) tan A = , cos 2 A = = = . Now, sin C = =
7 1 + tan 2 A æ 1ö
2 25 BC 3
1+ ç ÷
è 7ø 3
\ cosec C = .
2 2
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Hence, (1) is not correct.
Trigonometric Function (2) b × cos B = c × cos C
ì æ 1ö ü (a 2 + c 2 - b 2 ) (a 2 + b2 - c 2 )
1. (b) tan í2 tan -1 ç ÷ ý b× =c×
î è 3ø þ 2ac 2ab
2x b 2 (a 2 + c 2 - b2 ) = c 2 (a 2 + b 2 - c 2 )
Q 2 tan–1 x = tan–1
1 - x2
a 2b 2 - b 4 - a 2 c 2 + c 4 = 0
æ 1ö 2/3 æ 3ö
\ 2 tan–1 ç ÷ = tan–1 = tan–1 ç ÷ a 2 (b 2 - c 2 ) - (b 4 - c 4 ) = 0
è 3ø 1 - 1/9 è 4ø
(b2 - c 2 )(a2 - b2 - c 2 ) = 0
ì æ 1ö ü æ 3ö 3
\ tan í2 tan -1 ç ÷ ý = tan ç tan ÷ =
î è 3ø þ è 4ø 4 Either b 2 + c 2 - a 2 = 0 or (b2 - c 2 ) = 0
2. (d) Since, A, B, C are in AP When, b 2 + c 2 - a 2 = 0
\ 2B = A + C ...(1)
also, A + B + C = 180° b 2 + c2 = a 2
Þ A + C = 180° – B ...(2) Hence, DABC is a right angle triangle.
from (1) and (2) And when, b 2 - c 2 = 0 Þ b = c
B = 60°
Hence, DABC is an isosceles triangle.
also given that b : c = 3: 2 From question DABC is not right angle triangle.
\ by sine rule Hence, DABC must be an isosceles triangle.
sin B sin C 5. (b)
= (1) Consider a right angle triangle ABC, right angle at A
b c
and B = C = 45°.
sin 60° sin C 1 Then, b = c is also true.
Þ = Þ sin C = Þ C = 45°
3 2 2
\ A = 75°
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 37
Hence, for the given condition, DABC must not be an Height & Distance
obtuse-angled triangle.
(2) A 1. (c) P

c 40° b 30°
9
65° 75°
B a C
° A
In DABC, ÐA = 40°, ÐB = 65° q=
30
9
\ ÐC = 180° - 40° - 65° = 75°. h
From sine rule,
30°
a c B O
= x
sin 40° sin 75°
DPAB is isosceles D
a Þ q = 30°
\ = sin 40° × cosec75°
c In DABD
a h 1
So, ¹ sin 40° × cosec15° tan 30° = = Þx= h 3
c x 3
Hence, DABC is not possible. In DPBO,
Thus, statement (2) is correct.
9+h
-1 -1 p tan 60° = 3=
6. (b) sin x - cos x = ...(i) x
6
9+h 9
-1 -1 p Þ 3= Þ 3h = q + h Þ h = m
We know that, sin x + cos x= ...(ii) h 3 2
2 \ Total height = 13.5 m
-1 p 2. (d) Let AC is a flagstaff of length h m and BD is a ladder of
On adding, sin x = length 6 m. Point B is below the top of the flagstaff, such
3
that AB = 6 m.
-1 -1 p Then, ÐADC = 75°.
7. (a) tan ( x) + cot ( x) =
2 A
This hold for all x Î R.
A 6m
8. (b)
B
m q n 6m
75°
C D
B C
2
m + n + mn 2 From DACD, ÐCAD + ÐADC + ÐACD = 180°
From cosine rule in DABC, \ ÐCAD + 75° + 90° = 180°
\ ÐCAD = 180° - 90° - 75° = 15°.
( AB)2 + ( AC )2 - ( BC )2 As, AB = BD.
cos(ÐBAC ) =
2 × ( AB) × ( AC ) \ ÐCAD = ÐBDA = 15° and
m2 + n2 - (m2 + n 2 + mn) ÐBDC = 75° - 15° = 60°.
= BC BC
2× m× n From DBCD, sin(60°) = =
BD 6
1 æ 2p ö
\ cos(ÐBAC ) = - = cos ç ÷
2 è 3ø 3
\ BC = 6 × sin(60°) = 6 ´ = 3 3.
2p 2
\ ÐBAC =
3 Hence, height of flagstaff = (6 + 3 3) m.
Then, sum of other two acute angle 3. (b) Shadow length when elevation of Sun is 60° = BC
2p p A
=p- = = 60°.
3 3
1 5(3 + 3)
9. (c) Area of DABC = × a × c × sin(ÐB )
2 60° 45°
B D
1 1 1 C
= ×10 × 4 × sin(30°) = ×10 × 4 × = 10 cm 2 .
2 2 2 From DABC,
 EBD_7346
38 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21
-| x| -|0|
1 (1) f ( x) = e , f (0) = e = 1.
BC = AB × cot(60°) = 5(3 + 3) × = 5( 3 + 1) m
3 f ( x ) = e - x , for x ³ 0
Shadow length when elevation of Sun is 45° = BD = ex, for x < 0.
From DABD, x
LHL = lim- f ( x ) = lim- e = 1
BD = AB × cot 45° = 5(3 + 3) × 1 = 5(3 + 3) m x ®0 x®0

\ x = BD - BC = 5(3 + 3) - 5( 3 + 1) = 10 m. RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim e - x = 1

x ®0+ x ®0+
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability As, f(0) = LHL = RHL
Thus f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
æ 1ö
1. (d) f(0) = 0 and, f (x) = sin ç ÷ x 0
è xø (2) LHD = lim- f '( x ) = lim- e = e = 1
x ®0 x®0
æ 1ö -x 0
(i) lim f ( x) = lim sin ç ÷ RHD = lim+ f '( x ) = lim+ - e = - e = -1
x®0 x®0 è xø x ®0 x ®0
As LHD ¹ RHD
æ 1ö Hence, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
if x ® 0+; lim+ sin ç ÷ = sin ¥
x® 0 è xø 3x + 3- x - 2 3 x × log 3 - 3- x × log 3
8. (a) lim = lim
æ 1ö x ®0 x x ®0 1
if x ® 0–; lim- sin ç ÷ = – sin ¥ (By L'Hospital rule)
x® 0 è xø
Q sin ¥ ¹ –sin ¥ 30 × log 3 - 30 × log 3
= =0
\ LHL ¹ RHL 1
(ii) at x = 0, LHL ¹ RHL 1
\ f (x) is not continous 9. (b) Given graph Y =
\ both statements are wrong. x -1
This is defined for all real x, except x = 1.
sin x° 3x° 1
2. (d) lim ´ ´ Range of the graph is y Î R | y ¹ 0
x®0 tan 3x° x° 3
Table for the graph :
1 æ sin x° ö æ 3x° ö 1
= lim ç . =
è x° ÷ø çè tan 3x° ÷ø 3
x –4 –3 –1 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.25 1.5 2
3 x ® 0
3. (d) If f (x) has period T y –0.2 –0.25 –0.5 –1 –1.33 –2 –4 4 2 1
then, Graph of function - Y
T 4
a f (bx + c) has period 3
|b|
2
2p 1
\ period of g(x) = = 8p 1 1.25 1.5 2
1/4 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
2 p 5p –1 X
4. (c) Period of h(x) = = –2
4/5 2
5. (c) Period of f (x) = LCM of period of g(x) & h(x) –3
–4
é 5p ù
Þ LCM ê8p, ú Thus, graph intersect y-axis at (0, –1).
ë 2û 10. (b) As the given function is continuous at x = 0, then
= 40p LHL = RHL
ì sin x é cos x ù
1 lim f ( x) = lim = lim ê =1
ï 2x + ; x<0 - - x -ë 1 ú û
x ®0 x ®0 x ®0
ï 4
ï
6. (a) f(x) = í k ; x=0 sin x é cos x ù
lim f ( x) = lim = lim ê =1
ï 2 + + x +ë 1 ú û
x ®0 x ®0 x ®0
ïæ x + 1 ö ; x>0
ïîçè ÷
2ø sin x
\ at x = 0, should be 1.
at x = 0, x

1 1 11. (b) f ( x) = cos -1 ( x - 2)

LHL = and RHL =
4 4 Domain of cos -1 ( x - 2) = [-1, 1]
\ Function is continous at x = 0
1
\ k=
4
7. (a)
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 39

\ -1 £ x - 2 £ 1
a x - xa
-1 + 2 £ x £ 1 + 2 16. (c) lim a
x ®a x - a a
1£ x £ 3
\ Domain = [1, 3] 0
This is in form, by L'Hospital rule
0
x + x 2 + x3 - 3
12. (d) lim a x - xa a x × ln a - a × x a -1
x ®1 x -1 lim = lim
0
x ®a x a - aa x® a a × x a -1 - 0
This is in form, so we can use L' Hospital rule.
0 a a × ln a - a a
= = ln a - 1.
x + x 2 + x3 - 3 1 + 2 x + 3x 2 1 + 2 + 3 aa
lim = lim = =6
x ®1 x -1 x ®1 1 1 \ ln a - 1 = -1 Þ ln a = 0
\ a = (e)0 = 1.
x4 -1 ( x - 1)( x + 1)( x 2 + 1)
13. (c) lim = lim
x ®1 x - 1 x®1 ( x - 1) x3 + x2
17. (b) lim
x ®-1 x 2
+ 3x + 2
= lim ( x + 1)( x 2 + 1) = (1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 4.
x ®1 By L'Hospital rule,

x3 - k 3 3x2 + 2 x 3( -1)2 + 2( -1) 3 - 2

=4 lim = = = 1.
Now, lim x ®-1 2 x + 3 2( -1) + 3 -2 + 3
x ®k x2 - k 2
f ( x) + 1 -3
( x - k )( x 2 + k 2 + xk ) 18. (a) lim =
lim =4 x®-1
2
x -1 2
x ®k ( x - k )( x + k )
é f '( x ) ù -3
( x 2 + k 2 + xk ) êë 2 x úû = 2
lim =4
x ®k (x + k) f ' (x) = – 3x
On integrating both sides,
k2 + k2 + k ×k 3 8 -3 2
= 4Þ k = 4Þ k =
k+k 2 3 f (x) = x +c where c = Constant
2
sin x × log(1 - x) -3 -3
14. (a) lim lim f ( x ) = lim é x 2 + c ù =
x ®0 x2 x ®-1 x®-1 êë 2 úû 2

0 ìï a+ bx , x< 1
This is in form, by using L' Hospital rule. x = 1 , is continuers
0 19. (a) f (x) = í5,
ïî b -ax , x> 1
sin x × log(1 - x)
lim lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f (1)
x ®0 x2 x ®1- x ®1+
1 lim (a + bx ) = lim (b -ax) = 5
cos x × log(1 - x) + sin x × ( -1)
(1 - x) x ®1- x ®1+
= lim a + b = 5 ....... (i) and b – a = 5........ (ii)
x ®0 2x
From (i) and (ii) b = 5 and a = 0
cos x 1 sin x
log(1 - x) × ( - sin x) - - × cos x - \a+b=0+5=5
(1 - x) (1 - x ) (1 - x) 2 20. (a) y = f (x) = 3x
= lim
2
Domain = ( -¥, ¥)
x ®0

0 - 1 - 1 – 0 -2
= = = -1.
2 2
Derivatives
Image formed virtual, erect, magnified and behind the mirror.
1. (a) xy = ex – y
15. (b) For f ( x + 1) = x 2 - 3x + 2
æ dy ö
çè ÷ø =?
= ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) - 5 x - 5 + 6 dx x =1
at x = 1; xy = ex – y
= ( x + 1)2 - 5( x + 1) + 6 Þ 1 = e1 – y
Þ y=1
\ f ( x) = x 2 - 5 x + 6 .
Q xy = ex – y
 EBD_7346
40 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21
Þ y . ln x = x – y df æ 1 1 df ö
On differentiating w.r.t. x. f + q× = 4ç + × ÷
dq è q f dq ø
1
Þ y. = 1 – y1 – ln x . y1 f× d q + q × d f = 4f × d q + 4 × q× d f
x
Þ 3q × d f = -3f× d q
y
Þ 1– = y1(1 + lnx) \f× d q = -q × d f
x
x- y 6. (b) x m y n = a m + n
Þ y1 =
x (1 + lnx)
xm an
\ y1 at x = 1 = ...(i)
am yn
1-1
= =0 Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. x, we get
1(1 + 0)
m × x ( m -1) a n × ( -n ) dy
x- y = ×
2. (b) Q y1 = am y n +1 dx
x (1 + lnx)
x(1 + lnx )(1 - y1 ) - ( x - y )(1 + 1 + lnx) dy m × y ( n+1) × ( x)(m -1)
Þ y11 = =
x 2 (1 + lnx )2 dx -n × am × an
Þ y 11 at x = 1 my æ x m × y n
ö my my
=- ×ç ÷=– (1) = -
1(1) (1) - 0
Þ y11 = n × x çè a m + n
÷
ø nx nx
1(1) 7. (a) Minimum value of any modulus is 0.
Þ y =1
11
8. (a) y = sin(l n x) + cos(l n x)
2
3. (b) y = 2sin x
dy d d
Þ ln y = sin2x . ln 2 = (sin(i n x)) + (cos(i n x))
dx dx dx
1 dy
Þ . = 2 sin x . cos x . ln 2 1 1
y dx = cos(l n x) × + {-sin(l n x )} ×
x x
dy
Þ = y . sin x . cos x . ln 4 cos(ln x ) - sin(ln x )
dx =
x
Let sin x = 4
dy dy cos(l n e) -sin(l n e) cos(1) - sin(1)
\ = cos x = =
dx dx x= e e e

dy ln 4.sin x.2sin x.cos x

2
t dx
\ = 9. (b) x = e × cos t Þ = et × cos t - et × sin t
dx dt
cos x
dy
Þ
dy 2
= 2sin x.sin xl
. n4 y = et × sin t Þ = et × sin t + et × cos t
dx dt
dx
4. (a) Let y = tan -1 x; and z = cot -1 x
dx dt et (cos t - sin t ) cos t - sin t
= = =
dy 1 dz 1 dy dy et (sin t + cos t ) sin t + cos t
Then, = 2 and =-
dx 1 + x dx 1 + x2 dt

dy 1 dx cos 0 - sin 0 1 - 0
= = = 1.
dy dx 2 dy t = 0 sin 0 + cos 0 0 + 1
Now, = = 1+ x = -1.
dz dz æ 1 ö
-ç ÷ dy
dx è 1 + x2 ø 10. (a) Let y = e x , =ex
dx
5. (b) e qf = C + 4 q × f dz
and z = x e Þ = e . x (e – 1)
(q × f) ln e = ln(C + 4q × f) dx
q × f = ln(C + 4q × f) dy
dy dx ex x. e x
Þ q × g f = 4{ln(q) + ln(f)} + ln C Now, = dz = = e
dz e. x (e-1) e. x
Differentiating both sides with respect to 'q'. dx
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 41

Application of Derivatives 7. (c) y = sin x × cos x

1. (b) Given y = memx, m > 0 2sin x × cos x sin 2 x
= =
Y 2 2
Now, maximum value of sin2x = 1.
1
\ ymax = .
2
æ pö æ pö
8. (a) Let y = 3 × cos ç A + ÷ , y ' = -3 × sin ç A + ÷
è 3ø è 3ø
(0, m) For extremum value, y' = 0
a æ pö p p
O X sin ç A + ÷ = 0 Þ A + = 0 Þ A = -
è 3ø 3 3
æ p ö
y '' = -3 × cos ç A + ÷
for slope, differentiate w.r.t. x è 3ø
æ p pö
dy d = -3cos ç - + ÷ = -3cos(0) = -3.
Þ = (m . emx) è 3 3ø
dx dx 9. (c)
dy (1) Graph of f(x) = ln(x)
= m2 . emx Y
dx x)
2 f(x) = ln (
æ dy ö 1
çè ÷ø = m2
dx (0,m ) X
0 1 2 3
dy
2. (a) tan a = = m2
dx
\ a = tan–1 (m2)
3. (d) For equation of tangent This is increasing function in the interval (0, ¥).
y – y1 = tan a (x – x1) (2) Graph of f ( x ) = tan x ×
Þ y – m = m2(x – 0) Y
Þ y = m2x + m
4. (*) f(x) = 3x4 – 20x3 – 12x2 + 288x + 1 x
= tan
\ f ¢(x) = 12x3 – 60x2 – 24x + 288 1 x)
Þ f ¢(x) = (x + 2) (x¢ – 3) (x – 4) f(
f ¢(x) > 0 X
–p/2 –p/4 p/4 p/2
Þ (x + 2) (x – 3) (x – 4) > 0 –1
– + – +
–2 3 4
\ x Î (–2, 3) È (4, ¥)
5. (*) f ¢(x) < 0 æ p pö
Þ (x + 2) (x – 3) (x – 4) < 0 This is also increasing in ç - , ÷ .
è 2 2ø
– + – + 10. (a) Circumference of a circle C = 2pr
–2 3 4 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. time (t).
Þ x Î (–¥, –2) È (3, 4) dc dr 22
3 2 = 2p × = 2p × (0.7) = 1.4 p = 1.4 ´ = 4.4 cm/ sec.
x 5x dt dt 7
6. (a) f (x) = - + 6x + 7
3 2 dx
11. (c) = x +1
3x 2
5.2. x dt
f ¢(x) = - +6
3 2 dx
Þ = dt
Þ f ¢(x) = x2 – 5x + 6 x +1
Þ f ¢(x) = (x – 3) (x – 2) Integrating both sides, we get ln( x + 1) = t + c.
+ – +
At t = 0, x = 0 (origin point)
2 3
Then, ln(0 + 1) = 0 + c Þ c = 0
\ T Î (–¥, 2) È (3, ¥)
and S Î (2, 3)
 EBD_7346
42 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

\ ln( x + 1) = t f (x)
when x = 24, t = ln(24 + 1) = ln(25) = 2ln(5).
12. (c) Curve y = - x3 + 3x 2 + 2 x - 27 –1
3p
dy
Slope = = -3 x 2 + 6 x + 2 2
dx x
p 2p
d2y 2
Again, = -6 x + 6
dx 2 –1

d2y
For maximum slope = 0 Þ 6( - x + 1) = 0
dx 2 é 3p ù
é pù
\x =1 Here, f (x) = sin x , Increases from ê 0, ú and ê , 2p ú
ë 2û ë 2 û
Hence, the curve has maximum slope at x = 1.
13. (a) x + y = 20 and P = xy é p 3p ù
decreases from ê , ú
x + y 20 ë2 2 û
A.M. of x and y = = = 10. Hence (1) is not correct.
2 2
G.M. of x and y = x. y = P é 5p ù
Domain = ê ,3p ú
ë 2 û
As, A.M. ³ G.M.
é p ù ép ù
\10 ³ P = ê 2p + , 2p + p ú = ê , p ú
ë 2 û ë2 û
Hence, Pmax . = (10)2 = 100.
ép ù
14. (a) y = sin 2 x × cos 2 x From graph, sin (x) decreases from ê , p ú
ë2 û
dy d d Hence, (2) is correct.
= (sin 2 x ) × cos 2 x + (cos 2 x) × sin 2 x
dx dx dx
Indefinite Integration
= cos2 2 x - sin 2 2 x = cos 4 x.
For maximum or minimum value dx 1 dx
1. (d) ò 2 x2 - 2 x + 1 = 2 ò 1
dy x2 - x +
= 0 Þ cos 4 x = 0 2
dx
1 dx
p
\ 4x = Þ x =
p = 2ò 2 2
2´4 æ 1ö æ 1ö
2 çè x - ÷ø + çè ÷ø
2 2
d2y
Now, = -4 × sin 4 x é æ 1öù
dx 2 1ê1
x– ú
-1 ç 2÷ +C
= ê × tan ç ú
p d2y p 2ê1 1 ÷ú
At x = , 2 = -4 × sin = -4. ç ÷
êë 2 è 2 ø úû
2 ´ 4 dx 2
1
p = .2 : tan -1 (2 x - 1) + C
\ y is max. at x = 2
2´ 4
= tan–1(2x – 1) + C
æ p ö æ p ö dx
ymax . = sin 2 ç ÷ × cos 2 ç
è 2 ´ 4ø è 2 ´ 4 ÷ø 2. (a) ò x (1 + lnx)n
p p 1 1 1 Let 1 + ln x = t
= sin × cos = × = .
4 4 2 2 2 1
15. (b) f (x) = sin x Þ dx = dt
x
Graph of f (x) = sin x from x Î [0 , 2p]
dt t -n + 1
Þ ò tn =
-n + 1
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 43

(1 +lnx) - n +1 1
= =
n
[ ln z - ln( z + 1)] + C where C = constant
1- n
1 1 æ z ö 1 æ xn ö
= +C = × ln ç ÷ + C = ln ç ÷ +C
(n - 1)(1 +lnx )n –1 n è z + 1ø n è x n + 1ø
æ 3 x 2 + 8 - 4k ö
ò P( x) × dx = ò (4 × e) ò
× dx = e 2 x(ln e+ ln 4) × dx
2x
3. (b) 6. (c) I = ò ç x
÷ × dx
è ø
e2 x(1+ ln 4)
ò
= e 2 x (1+ ln 4) × dx =
2(1 + ln 4)
+C where C = constant = ò 3 x dx + ò
8 - 4k
x
× dx
(4e)2 x 3 2
= +C =x + (8 - 4k ) × ln( x) + C where C = constant
2(1 + 2ln 2) 2
To get integration as rational function,
P( x )
ò
\ P( x ) × dx =
2(1 + 2 ln(2))
+ C.
(8 - 4 k ) × ln( x ) = 0 Þ 8 - 4 k = 0 Þ k =
8
=2
4
ò (e ò
log x
4. (c) + sin x) × cos x × dx = ( x + sin x) × cos x × dx dx (sec x - tan x) × dx
7. (d) I = ò sec x + tan x = ò
(sec2 x - tan 2 x)
ò
= ( x × cos x + sin x × cos x) × dx
= ò sec x × dx - ò tan x × dx
= ò x × cos x × dx + ò sin x × cos x × dx
= l n (sec x + tan x) -(-l n | cos x |) + C
æ dx ö = l n sec x + tan x -l n | cos x |-1 + C
ò ò
= x × cos x × dx - ç × (cos x ) × dx ÷ × dx
è dx ø ò
= i n sec x + tan x -l n | sec x | + C

ò
+ sin x × cos x × dx
8. (b)
dx
ò sec2 (tan -1 x)
ò ò
= x × sin x - sin x × dx + sin x × cos x × dx
Let tan -1 x = y Þ tan y = x and

ò
= x × sin x - (- cos x) + sin x × cos x × dx sec2 y = 1 + tan 2 y = 1 + x 2

ò
dx dx
= x sin x + cos x + sin x × cos x × dx \ò =ò = tan -1 x + C
2 -1
sec (tan x) 1 + x2

ò
Now, sin x × cos x × dx;
9. (d) I = ò e(2l n x+ l n x ) × dx
2

Let sin x = z, dz = cos x × dx 2 2

2 2 = ò e (l n x+ l n x ) × dx = ò e (2×ln x ) × dx
z sin x
ò sin x × cos x dx = ò z × dz = 2
=
2 4 x5
ò x × dx =
4
2 = ò e(ln x ) × dx = +c
sin x 5
\ I = x × sin x + cos x + + C.
2
dx x n -1
Definite Integration & Its Application
5. (a) ò x( xn + 1) = ò xn ( xn + 1) × dx p
xdx
p
p-x
1. (c) I1 = ò 1 + sin x = ò 1 + sin(p - x) dx
Let z = x n Þ dz = nx n -1dx 0 0
p
p- x
dx x n -1 1 dz Þ I1 = ò 1 + sin x .dx
\ò = ò xn ( x n + 1) × dx = ò ×
x ( x n + 1) z ( z + 1) n 0
p
1é 1 dz ù p
= ê ò × dz - ò Þ 2I1 = ò 1 + sin x .dx
në z z + 1úû 0
 EBD_7346
44 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

p 4. (d) l + b = K , where l = length, b = breadth.

p 1
2 ò0
Þ I1 = .dx Area of the rectangle A = l × b .
p
1 + cos( - x )
2 A = l ( K - l ) = lK - l 2
p dA
p 1 For maximum area, =0
2 ò0
Þ I1 = . dx dl
æ p xö
2
1 + 2 cos ç - ÷ - 1 d
è 4 2ø (lk - l 2 ) = 0
dl
p
p æ p xö K
Þ I1 =
20ò sec 2 ç - ÷ .dx
è 4 2ø K - 2l = 0 Þ l =
2
p K K K
é æ p xö ù Now, +b = K Þb = K - =
tan -
p ê çè 4 2 ÷ø ú 2 2 2
Þ I1 = ê ú
2ê -1 ú K K K2
ê ú Area, A = l × b = × =
ë û0 2 2 4
p
-p 4
Þ I1 = (-1 - 1) = p.
ò
3
2 5. (b) I = (tan x + tan x) × dx
2. (a) Q I1 = I2 0
\ I1 + I2 = p + p = 2p p p
3. (a) y2 = 2x, y = x 4 4

y ò ò
= tan3 x × dx + tan x × dx
0 0
p p
4 4

ò ò
= tan x × tan 2 x × dx + tan x × dx
0 0

O p p
x 4 4
2
ò ò
= tan x × (sec 2 x - 1) × dx + tan x × dx
0 0
y=x
p p p
4 4 4
y2 = 2x
ò ò ò
= tan x × sec 2 x × dx - tan x × dx + tan x × dx
0 0 0

p
Q y2 = 2x & y = x
4
Þ x2 = 2x
Þ x = 0, 2 ò
= tan x × sec2 x × dx
2 0
\ Area = ò ( 2 x - x).dx Let tanx = z, dz = sec2 x × dx
0
z2
é ù
ê 2. x3 x 2 ú
2
ò ò
\ tan x × sec 2 x × dx = z × dz =
2
+C

=ê - ú where C = constant
ê -3 2ú p
ë 2 û0 é tan 2 x ù 4 1 1
\I = ê ú = -0 = .
æ 4 4ö ëê 2 ûú 0 2 2
=ç - –0
è 3/2 2 ÷ø
6. (c) From question, dx = 10.1 - 10 = 0.1
8 2 At, x = 10
= - 2 = sq. unit
3 3 y = (3)(10)2 + 2 = 302.
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 45

At x = 10.1, y = 3(10.1)2 + 2 = 308.03. a

Total change in y = 308.03 – 302 = 6.03. = ò [ g ( x) + g ( - x )] × dx

7. (c) Two given graphs are y2 = 2x and y = x. 0
Point of intersections are : \ f ( x) = g ( x ).
2 2
x = 2x Þ x - 2 x = 0
10. (b) y = 16 - x 2
x( x - 2) = 0
x = 0 and 2 & y = 0 and 2. As, y ³ 0, 16 - x 2 ³ 0
So, points of intersections are (0, 0) and (2, 2). \ x Î[-4, 4]
The graph are
Y 2 Now, from I = ò a 2 - x 2 × dx
2 y = 2x
(2, 2)
1 x a 2 - x2 a 2 æ xö
= + sin -1 ç ÷ + C
0 2 2 è aø
–X 1 2 X Here a2 = 16
–1 \ Area bounded by the curve
X
=
Y –2 4

The required area is the shaded portion

I= ò (4)2 - x 2 × dx
-4
2 4
é x 16 - x 2 ù 4
A= ò ( y1 - y2 ) × dx =ê
16 é x ù
ú + êsin -1 æç ö÷ ú
0 ê 2 ú 2 ë è 4 ø û -4
ë û -4
2 2
é 2 2( x)3 / 2 x 2 ù
é æ 4ö ù
= ò ( 2 x - x) × dx = êê 3 - 2 úú æ 4ö
= 0 + 8 × êsin -1 ç ÷ - sin -1 ç - ÷ ú
0 ë û0 ë è 4 ø è 4ø û
3
2 2 8 2 = 8 ésin -1 (1) + sin -1 (1) ù
= (2) 2 - 2 = - 2 = ë û
3 3 3
p
a = 16 × sin -1 (1) = 16 × = 8p square units
f (a - x) 2
8. (d) I = ò f ( x) + f (a - x) × dx
0 Differential Equation
a
1. (a) Degree is 1.
f (a + 0 - a + x )
=ò × dx 2. (d) y =
1
f ( a + 0 - x) + f ( a + 0 - a + x) 2
0 2x - c
a dy 0 - (4 x)
f ( x) Þ =
=ò × dx dx (2 x 2 - c )2
f ( a - x) + f ( x )
0
1
a = –4x ´
f ( a - x) + f ( x ) (2 x - c )2
2
2I = ò × dx = [ x]0a
f ( a - x) + f ( x ) = –4x . y2
0

a dy
\I = Þ = –4xy2
2 dx
3. (a) f (x) = x2 + 2x – 5
a a g(x) = 5x + 30
9. (a) ò [ f ( x) + f (- x)] × dx = ò g ( x) × dx g[ f (x)] = 0
0 -a Þ 5f (x) + 30 = 0
0 a
Þ f (x) + 6 = 0
Þ x2 + 2x – 5 + 6 = 0
= ò g ( x) × dx + ò g ( x ) × dx
Þ x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
-a 0 Þ x = –1, –1
a a 4. (d) (i) f (g(x)) = (5x + 30)2 + 2(5x + 30) – 5
= ò g ( - x ) × dx + ò g ( x) × dx Þ f (g(x)) is second degree.
0 0 (ii) g(g(x)) = 5(5x + 30) + 30
 EBD_7346
46 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21
Þ g(g(x)) is first degree 3 2
\ both statements are wrong. æ d2 yö é æ dy ö 2 ù
5. (b) h(x) = 5f(x) – x g(x) Þ çk× ÷ = ê1 + ç ÷ ú
= 5[x2 + 2x – 5] – x[5x + 30] è dx 2 ø êë è dx ø úû
= –20x – 25 Now, order of the D.E. = 2
\ h¢(x) = –20 Degree of the D.E. = 3.
6. (b) tan y = c(1 – e x)
11. (d) f ( x) = e| x|
dy
Þ sec2y = c(–e x) f '( x ) = e x , x > 0
dx
1 dy = -e| x| , x < 0
Þ c= x
sec 2 y
e dx lim f '( x) ¹ lim f '( x)
x ® 0+ x ® 0-
\ tan y = -1 sec2 y. dy (1 - e x )
ex dx \ f '( x) does not exist at x = 0.
12. (b) y 2 + 2cy – cx + c2 = 0
dy
Þ ex . tan y = sec2y(1 – ex) dy dy
dx 2y. + 2c . –c=0
Þ ex tan y dx + (1 – ex) sec2y dy = 0 dx dx
7. (b) x(dx - dy ) + y (dy - dx) = 0 æ dy ö
2
d y d y 2 2
On integrating both sides, we have 2 ç ÷ + 2y. 2 + 2c. =0
è dx ø dx dx 2
ò x(dx - dy ) + ò y (dy - dx) = C (where C = constant) d2y dy
2 2 (y + c). +2
x y dx 2 dx
- xy + - xy = C
2 2
dy 2 d2y
x 2 + y 2 - 2 xy = C 13. (a) x = 1 + Þ x2 = 1 +
dx 2 dx 2
Or, x 2 + y 2 = 2 xy + C .
\ degree of the D.E. is 1
æ dy ö 14. (b) y = a.e x+ b.e –x
8. (a) ln ç ÷ = x
è dx ø dy
dy = a.e x– b.e –x
= ex dx
dx
Integrating both sides, we get d2y 2
x + b.e–x Þ d y = y
= a.e
dx 2 dx 2
ò dy =ò e .dx
x

d2y
y = e x + C , where C = integration constant. \ –y=0
dx 2
9. (b) dy = (1 + y 2 ) × dx æ dy ö
15. (c) ln çè ÷ø = x – y
1 dx
× dy = dx
(1 + y 2 ) dy
e x–y =
Integrating both sides, we get dx
dy ex.dx=ey.dy
ò (1 + y 2 ) = ò dx On integrating both sides, we get,

òe × dx = ò e y × dy
x
-1
tan ( y ) = x + C , where C = constant. ex = e y + c
\ y = tan( x + C ). ex – e y = c
10. (b) Given differential equation is
é æ dy ö 2 ù
2/3 Matrices & Determinants
dy
k× = ò ê1 + ç ÷ ú × dx
dx êë è dx ø úû 1! 2! 3!
On differentiating both sides, we get 1. (c) 2! 3! 4!
2/3 3! 4! 5!
d2 yé æ dy ö 2 ù
k× = ê1 + ç ÷ ú Taking 2! common from C2 and 3! common from C3
dx 2 ëê è dx ø ûú
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 47

1 1 1 = 3pqr - p3 - q3 - r 3
Þ 2! × 3! 2 3 4 = -( p3 + q3 + r 3 - 3 pqr ).
6 12 20 For real and distinct positive real value of p, q and r.

On expanding, we get p3 + q3 + r 3 - 3 pqr > 0

12 ´ [1(60 – 48) – 1(40 – 24) + 1(24 – 18)] \ D < 0.
= 12 ´ [12 – 16 + 6] 7. (a)
= 12 ´ 2 = 24 (1) We know that,
2. (a) On expanding both the determinants we get A × (adj A) = (adj A) × A = | A | ×I
[n(1) + 2(2x – 2)] + [3x + 2x2] = 0 Hence, statement (1) is correct.
= 2x2 + 8x – 4 = 0
Þ x2 + 4x – 2 = 0 (2) | adj (A) | = | A-1× | A ||
Hence, statement (2) is not correct.
Þ x = –2 ± 6
3. (a) Given: x + a + b + c = 0 8. (c) A = [i ´ j ]3´5 , B = [i ´ j ]5´3

x+a b c Now, AB = [i ´ j ]3´ 3 and BA = [ j ´ i ]5´5

9. (c) A square M matrix is said to be Hermitian (or self-
D= a x+b c
adjoint) if it is equal to its. Own Hermitian conjugate, i.e.
a b x+c
( M )T = M
Replace c, by ® c1 + c2 + c3
é1 - i i ù
x+a+b+c b c Given Matrix A = ê - i 1 - i ú
ë û
Þ x+ a+b+c x+b c
x+a+b+c b x +c é1 + i i ù
( A )T = ê
Q x+a+b+c=0 ë - i 1 + i úû
\ D=0
é1 - i i ù é1 + i i ù
Now, A + ( A)T = ê ú + ê -i 1 + i ú
é 1 -1ù ë - i 1 - i û ë û
4. (a) A = ê ú
ë -1 1 û
é 2 2i ù é 1 iù
=ê ú = 2ê ú
é 1 -1ù é 1 -1ù ë -2i 2 û ë - i 1û
\ A2 = ê úê ú
ë -1 1 û ë -1 1 û
T é 1 iù
é 2 -2 ù Conjugate transpose of ( A + ( A) ) = 2 ê -i 1ú
=ê ë û
ú = 2A
ë -2 2 û
Hence, ( A + ( A)T ) is hermitian.
\ A3 – 2A2 = A × A2 – 2A2
= A(2A) – 2(2A) 10. (d) For singular matrix,
= 2A2 – 4A é 0 K 4ù
= 2(2A) – 4A ê-K 0 -5ú = 0
= 4A – 4A ê ú
=0 êë - K K -1úû
é 1 2ù K (5K - K ) + 4(- K 2 ) = 0
é 1 2ù
5. (c) A = ê 2 3ú ; B = ê ú
ê ú ë 2 1û
êë 3 4úû 4K 2 - 4K 2 = 0
Hence, for all values of K, the given matrix is singular matrix.
Order of A = 3 ´ 2
Order of B = 2 ´ 2 éx + y y ùé 2 ù
11. (b) AB = ê 2 x x - y úû êë -1úû
\ by fundamental properties we can say ë
AB exists while BA does not exist.
é 2( x + y ) - y ù é2x + yù
p q r =ê ú= ê 3x + y ú
ë 4x - x + y û ë û
D= q r p As AB = C
6. (a)
r p q
é 2 x + y ù é 3ù
2 2 2
\ê ú=ê ú
= p(rq - p ) + q( pr - q ) + r ( pq - r ) ë 3 x + y û ë 2û
 EBD_7346
48 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

2x + y = 3 ...(i)
a4 a5 a6
and 3 x + y = 2 ...(ii) ln ln ln
a1 a2 a3
From equation (i) and (ii), we get
a7 a8 a9
x = –1, y = 5. = ln ln ln
a4 a5 a6
é -1 + 5 5 ù é4 5ù
\A=ê =ê
ë -2 -1 - 5û ë -2 -6 úû
ú ln a7 ln a8 ln a9

= 4( -6) - 5( -2) = -14.

12. (d) i i2 i3 i - 1 -i ln r 3 ln r 3 ln r 3
i4 i6 i 8 = 1 -1 1 = ln r 3 ln r 3 ln r 3 = 0
i9 i12 i15 i 1 -i ln a7 ln a8 ln a9

= i (i - 1) - 1(i - (-i )) - i (1 + i ) 17. (d) Let A is matrix of order n × a

and B is matrix of order b × n.
= i 2 - i - 2i - i - i 2 = -4i. Now,
1 2 --------- a 1 2 3 --------- n
éa h g ù é x ù é ax + hy + gz ù 1 1
13. (c) AB = ê h b f úú êê y úú = ê hx + by + fz ú 2 2
ê ê ú
êë g f c úû êë z úû êë gx + fy + cz úû ×

a1 b1 c1 n b

14. (d) Here, D = a2 b2 c2 (A) n × a (B)b × n

a3 b3 c3 1 2 --------- n

Now, 1
2
pa1 b1 qc1 a1 b1 c1
3
pa2 b2 qc2 = p × q × a2 b2 c2 = p × q × D =

pa3 b3 qc3 a3 b3 c3
n
15. (b) (a + b + c) = 4 (Given)
Now, (A × B)n × n
Hence, order of A and B need not to be same.
a b c 18. (c) Prime number less than 30 are
b c a = a(bc - a 2 ) + b (ac - b 2 ) + c (ab - c 2 ) 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 and 29.
c a b Number of prime number = 10.
Different order of matrices :
= 3abc - a 3 - b3 - c 3 1 × 10, 10 × 1, 2 × 5 and 5 × 2.
p q
= -(a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc ) = -(a + b + c )3 19. (c) A = , where (p, q, r, s) prime number < 20
= – (4)3 = – 64. r s
16. (a) As a1, a2 , a3.........a9 are in G.P.. \ ( p, q, r , s) = (2,3,5, 7,11,13,17 and 19)
a4 a5 a6 Now, A = p × s - q × r.
\ = = ..... = r 3 (where r = common ratio) For Amax, product (p.s) should be max. and product (q.r)
a1 a2 a3
should be min.
ln a1 ln a2 ln a3 \ Amax. = p × s - q × r = 19 ´ 17 - 2 ´ 3 = 317.
Now, ln a4 ln a5 ln a6 2 0 1 0
ln a7 ln a8 ln a9 20. (d) Let A = and B =
0 2 2´2 0 4 2´2
ln a4 - ln a1 ln a5 - ln a2 ln a6 - ln a3 | A | = 4 and | B | = 4.
= ln a7 - ln a4 ln a8 - ln a5 ln a9 - ln a6 2 0 1 0 2 0
ln a7 ln a8 ln a9 det ( A × B) = × = = 16.
0 2 0 4 0 8
(Applying R1 ® R2 - R1 and R2 ® R3 - R2 )
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 49

1 0 2 0 2 0 4. (a) Sum as prime number on 2 dices are:

det( B × A) = × = = 16. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
0 4 0 2 0 8 no. of times each prime no. as sum occurs =
Here det( A × B ) = det( B × A), but A and B are not unit No. Times
2 1
matrices. 3 2
x 1 3 5 4
7 6
0 0 1 =0
21. (c) 11 2
1 x 4
15
Þ x(0 - x) + 1(1 - 0) + 3(0 - 0) = 0
15 5
Þ -x2 + 1 = 0 \ P(E) = =
36 12
\ x = ±1. 5. (c) P(None meets emission standard)
1 x x +1 5 4 3 1
= ´ ´ =
f ( x) = 2x x( x - 1) x( x + 1) 10 9 8 12
22. (a)
3 x( x - 1) 2( x - 1)( x - 2) x( x + 1)( x - 1) 1 æHö 1 æHö 1
6. (c) P(T) = ; P ç ÷ = 1 P(F) = , P ç ÷ =
3 èTø 3 èFø 2
é -1 + 1 ù é0ù
ê 1 æHö 3
For x = –1, C3 ® -1(-1 + 1) ú = ê0ú P(B) = ,Pç ÷ =
ê ú ê ú 3 è Bø 4
êë -1( -1 + 1)( -1 - 1)úû êë0úû
For x = 1, æHö
P (T ).P ç ÷
æTö èT ø
R3 ® [ 3(1 - 1) 2(1 - 1)(1 - 2) (1 + 1)(1 - 1) ] = [ 0 0 0 ] Pç ÷ =
èHø æHö æHö æHö
\ f (-1) + f (0) + f (1) = 0. P (T ). P ç ÷ + P ( F ). P ç ÷ + P ( B ). P ç ÷
èT ø èFø è Bø
23. (a) Determinant
4 6 8 2 3 4 1
æTö 3 1 4
=6 8 10 = 2 3 4 5 Þ Pç ÷ = = =
èHø 1 1 1 9 9
8 10 12 4 5 6 + +
3 6 4 4
= 2[2(24 - 25) + 3(20 - 18) + 4(15 - 16)] = 0. 7. (b) (i) Since A & B are mutually exclusive.
24. (d) All possible determinants from 2, 4, 6 and 8 \ P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)
= .6 + .6 – 0
8 6 8 4 2 4 4 2 4 8 6 8 Þ P(A È B) = 1.2
+ + + + +
4 2 2 6 8 6 6 8 6 2 2 4 \ statement 1 is wrong.

= (16 - 24) + (48 - 8) + (12 - 32) + (32 - 12) æ Aö P( A Ç B)

(ii) Q P ç ÷ =
è Bø P( B)
+(8 - 48) + (24 - 16) = 0.
P( A Ç B)
Þ1= Þ P(B) = P(A Ç B) Þ B Í A
Probability and Probability Distribution P( B)
now,
1. (d) If P(Tails) = x
\ P(Head) = 3x æ Bö P ( B Ç A) 1 - P ( A È B )
Pç ÷ = =
1 è Aø P( A) 1 - P( A)
Q P(T) + P(H) = 1 Þ x =
4 1 - P ( A)
Probability of at most 2 tails (Q A È B = A) = =1
1 - P ( A)
1 1 1 63 \ statement 2 is correct.
= 1 – P(all tail) = 1 – ´ ´ = = .98
4 4 4 64 8. (b) Given,
2. (a) Probability that all are defective
1 5
5 4 3 1 n = 4, p = , q = P(x = 2) = 4C2 . p2 . q2
= ´ ´ = 6 6
20 19 18 114 2 2
» .009 æ 1 ö æ 5ö 25
= 6. ç ÷ ç ÷ =
3. (d) It can be observed that sample space will be è 6ø è 6ø 216
{H, TH, TTH, TTTH, ....}
 EBD_7346
50 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21
9. (b) Number of days in February, when year is a leap year Hence, statement (1) is not correct.
= 29 days = 4 weeks + 1 odd day P ( B Ç A) P( B È A) ' 1 - P ( A È B )
4 weeks have 4 sundays. (2) P ( B | A) = = =
P ( A) P ( A) P ( A)
1
Probability that 1 odd day is sunday = . 1 - 0.7
7 = = 0.75.
0.4
1 Hence, statement (2) is not correct.
10. (a) Probability for Husband's selection P( H ) = 16. (b) From question, we have
7
Probability when Husband is not selection P ( F | X ) = 0.02, P( F | Y ) = 0.03, P( F | Z ) = 0.05
1 6 and
P ( H ') = 1 - = P ( F ) = P( X ) × P ( F | X ) + P(Y ) × P ( F | Y )
7 7
1 + P( Z ) × P ( F | Z )
Probability for wife's selection P(W ) = = 0.5 × 0.02 + 0.3 × 0.03 + 0.2 × 0.05
5
1 4 = 0.01 + 0.009 + 0.01 = 0.029.
Probability when Wife is not selected P (W ') = 1 - = Now,
5 5
As both are independent event. P ( X Ç F ) = P ( X ) × P ( F | X ) = 0.5 ´ 0.02 = 0.01.
So, probability for atleast one of them will be selected P ( X Ç F ) 0.01 10
\ P( X | F ) = = =
= P ( H ) P (W ') + P( H ') P (W ) P( F ) 0.029 29
1 4 6 1 11 17. (c) Number of ways in which one of the face having the
= ´ + ´ = . number 6 and no two dice show the same number.
7 5 7 5 35
11. (a) Number of ways of picking 4 counterfeits gold coins (1, 2, 6), (1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 6), (1, 5, 6), (2, 3, 6), (2, 4, 6), (2, 5, 6), (3, 4,
out of 6 counterfeits coins = 6C4 6), (3, 5, 6)......
Number of ways of picking 4 coins out of 15 gold coins = 15C4 Total favourable case = 20 + 20 + 20 = 60.
Number of total output when three top faces of three dice
6
C4 15 1 shows different number = 6 × 5 × 4 = 120.
=
\ Required probability 15 = = .
C4 15 ´ 7 ´13 91 60 1
\ Required probability = = .
12. (d) Number of ways of selecting 2 boys out of 2 boys 120 2
= 2C2 = 1. 5 1 1
Number of ways of selecting 1 girl out of 2 girls = 2C1 = 2. 18. (c) P ( A È B) = , P ( A Ç B) = , P ( A ') =
Number of ways of selecting 3 out of 4 persons = 4C3 = 4. 6 3 2
2 1 1
C1 ´ 2C2
2 ´1 1 P ( A) = 1 - P ( A ') = 1 - =
\ Required probability = 4 4
=
= .
2
2 2
C3 P ( A È B ) = P( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B )
13. (c) Prime number between 1 to 10 are 2, 3, 5, 7.
Now, number of ways of selecting 2 prime number out of 4 5 1 1
= + P( B) -
prime number = 4C2 = 6. 6 2 3
Number of ways of selecting 2 numbers out of 10 numbers
5 1 1 5-3+ 2 4 2
= 10C2 = 45. (a) P ( B ) = - + = = =
6 2 3 6 6 3
6 2
\ Required probability = = . 1 1 2
45 15 (b) P ( A Ç B ) = = × = P( A) × P ( B )
1 3 2 3
14. (d) From question P = \ P ( A Ç B) = P ( A) × P ( B ).
5
Now, P + q = 1
5
1 1 4 (c) P ( A È B ) =
Þ + q = 1 Þ q = 1- = . 6
5 5 5
and n = 10. 1 2 7
P ( A) + P( B ) = + =
15. (d) P ( A) = 1 - P ( A) = 1 - 0.6 = 0.4. 2 3 6
\ P ( A È B ) < P ( A) + P ( B )
P ( B ) = 1 - P ( B ) = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5. Hence, option (c) is not correct.
Now, P ( A È B ) = P( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B ) (d) P ( A 'Ç B ') = P ( A ') × P ( B ')
= 0.6 + 0.5 – 0.4 = 0.7. 5 1
(1) Now P ( A È B ) = P( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B ) 1 - P ( A È B) = 1 - =
6 6
= P ( A) + P( B) - {P ( B ) - P( A Ç B )} and P ( A ') × P ( B ') = (1 - P( A)) × (1 - P( B))
= 0.4 + 0.5 – {0.5 – 0.4} = 0.8.
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 51

æ 1ö æ 2ö 1 1 1 3 5 5 3
= ç1 - ÷ × ç1 - ÷ = × = . P ( A È B) min = + – =
è 2ø è 3ø 2 3 6 4 8 8 4
Hence, P ( A 'Ç B ') = P ( A ') × P ( B '). Hence, both (1) and (2) are correct.
P( A Ç B) Vectors
19. (c) P(A|B) =
P( B) r
1. (b) a = iˆ - 2 ˆj + kˆ,
Now, P ( A Ç B ) = P(A) + P(B) – P ( A È B ) r
\ min. ( P ( A Ç B ) = L + M – 1 {Here P ( A È B ) b = 4iˆ - 4 ˆj + 7kˆ
= 1 (max. value) r r r
r a .b
Q projection of a on b is = r
L + M -1 |b |
\ P(A|B) ³ r
M r
a . b = (iˆ - 2 ˆj + kˆ).(4iˆ - 4 ˆj + 7kˆ)
1 1 1 = 4 + 8 + 7 = 19
20. (a) P ( A) = \ P(A) = 1 – P ( A) = 1 – =
2 2 2 r
and P(B) = P ( A È B) – P(A) + P ( A Ç B) | b | = 42 + 42 + 72 = 81 = 9

5 1 1 2 19
\ projection =
= – + = 9
6 2 3 3
r r r r
1 2 1 2. (b) Given: | a + b | = | a - b |
Now, P ( A Ç B) = P(A) . P(B) = × = r r2 r r2
2 3 3 Þ | a +b | = | a -b |
\ A and B are independent events. Þ a2 + b2 + 2ab cos q = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos q
1 1 Þ 4ab cos q = 0
21. (c) P(E) = , P(F) = Þ cos q = 0
2 2
Þ q = 90°
P ( E È F ) = P(E) + P(F) – P ( E Ç F ) \ Vectors are perpendicular.
As E & F are two independent event r r r r r r r r r r
3. (a) (i) (a + b ) × (a - b ) = ar × b - ar × b +b × a - b × b
\ P ( E Ç F ) = P(E) . P(F) r
r
= | a |2 - | b |2
1 1 1 1 3
P (E È F ) = + – . = r r r r
2 2 2 2 4 (ii) (| a + b |) × (| a - b |)
2 5
22. (d) Mean (xp) = Variance (npq) = = a 2 + b 2 + 2ab × a 2 + b2 - 2ab
3 9
5 = (a 2 + b2 )2 - 4a 2b2 = (a 2 - b2 )2 = a2 – b2
r r
Variance(npq) 9 5 = | a |2 - | b |2
\ =q= =
mean(np) 2 6 r r r r
3 (iii) | a × b |2 + | a ´ b |2
= a2b2 cos2q + a2b2 sin2q
5 1 = a2b2(cos2q + sin2q)
p=1–q=1– =
6 6 = a2b2
r r
1 2 = | a |2 | b |2
Here number of trial n × = n=4
6 3 \ All 3 statements are correct.
Random Variable X = 2 1 r r
2 2 4. (b) (i) Area of triangle = | a ´ b |
æ 1 ö æ 5ö 2
\ Probability =4C2 (P) 4-2 Q2= 4C2× çè ÷ø × çè ÷ø \ statement (i) is incorrect
6 6
r r
(ii) a ´ b = 0
25
= r r
216 Þ | a | . | b | . sinq = 0
Þ sin q = 0
3 5
23. (c) P(A) = and P(B) = r r r r
4 8 \ a || b Þ a = lb
P ( A È B) = P(A) + P(B) – P ( A Ç B) \ Statement (ii) is correct.
5. (b) Given:
5 r r
P ( A È B) is min when P ( A Ç B) is max i.e. | a |=| b | = 1
8
 EBD_7346
52 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21
r r r r
Q | a - b |2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos q (| a | × | b |)2 (sin 2 q + cos2 q) = 144
r r r r
Þ | a - b |2 = 2 – 2 cos q | a | × | b |= 144 = 12
r r r r 12
Þ | a - b |2 = 2(1 – cos q) 4× | b |= 12 Þ| b |= = 3.
4
r r æ qö 10. (b) As the given vectors are coplanar, then
Þ | a - b |2 = 2 . 2 sin2 ç ÷
è 2ø
0 1 p
æ q ö |
r r2
a -b | r r r
q
= 4 sin2 Þ sin2 ç ÷ = c ´ a ´ b = 0 Þ 2 -3 1 =0
2 è 2 ø 4 1 2 -3

6. (a) Þ 0 + 1(1 + 6) + p(4 + 3) = 0 Þ 7 + 7 p = 0 Þ p = -1.

y
A( xiˆ, xjˆ) j
11. (c)
2
1 A
r = ai + bj
30°
bj
O
x
3 B

Let A( xiˆ, yjˆ) is a point in the xy-plane. O B  i

ai
From question,
uuur
ÐAOB = 30° and OA = 1 r
| r |= a 2 + b2 = 2
uuur 3ˆ 3ˆ
x =| OA | × cos 30° = 1´ i= i Þ a 2 + b2 = 4 ...(i)
As rr is equally inclined to both axis,
2 2
uuur 1 ˆj
y =| OA | × sin 30° = 1 ´ ˆj = \ a = b.
2 2 Again from equation (i),
r 3ˆ 1 ˆ 3iˆ + 1 ˆj a 2 + a 2 = 4 Þ a = 2 = b.
\a = i+ j= r r r r r r
2 2 2 12. (c) (a + b ) × (a - b ) =| a |2 - | b |2
7. (c) Let A = (x, y, z) r r
uuur =0 (Q| a |=| b |)
Then, | OA |= x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 12
r r r r r
\ Vector c = (a + b ) is perpendicular to (a - b ).
uuur 1
Also, x =| OA | × cos 45° = 12 × = 6 2iˆ. r r r r r r
2 Also, c × (a - b ) = éëc a b ùû
r r r
y =| OA | × cos 60° = 12 ×
1
= 6 ˆj. \ c is perpendicular to (a ´ b ).
2 r r r r
uuur 13. (c) | a + b | = | a - b |
Hence, OA = 6 2iˆ + 6 ˆj ± 6kˆ On squaring both sides, we get
r r r r r r
8. (c) Let a = 2iˆ - 4 ˆj + 5kˆ and b = iˆ - 2 ˆj - 3kˆ | a + b |2 = | a - b |2
Two diagonals of the parallelograms are given by r r r r r r r r
r r | a |2 + | b |2 + 2a × b = | a |2 + | b |2 – 2a × b
(a + b ) = (2 + 1)iˆ - (4 + 2) ˆj + (5 - 3)kˆ r r r
a ×b = 0 \ ar ^ b
= 3iˆ - 6 ˆj + 2kˆ r r r r r r
14. (a) (2a ´ 3b ) × 4c = (5b ´ 3c ) × 6a = 0 + 0
r r r
and (a - b ) = (2 - 1)iˆ - (4 - 2) ˆj + (5 - ( -3)) kˆ
{ Q ar, b and cr are coplaner = 0}
r
= iˆ - 2 ˆj + 8kˆ 15. (a) Let ar and b are two unit vectors then cross product
Dot products of the diagonals r r r r
r r r r a ´ b = | a | × | b | × sin q× nˆ
(a + b ) × (a - b ) = (3iˆ - 6 ˆj + 2kˆ) × (iˆ - 2 ˆj + 8kˆ)
(i) This is always a unit vector.
= (3 + 12 + 16) = 31 units r r r
r r 2 r r (ii) Dot product ar × b = | a | × | b | × cos q
9. (a) | a ´ b | + | a × b |2 = 144
This is always equal to one.
r r r r
{| a | × | b | × sin q}2 + {| a | × | b | × cos q}2 = 144
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 53

r r r r 6. (d) Radius of the sphere

(iii) a + b > a -b squaring on both sides
r r r r2 6(1) - 3( -2) + 2(3) - 4 6 + 6 + 6 - 4 14
a + b > a -b = = = =2
2
(6) + ( -3) + (2) 2 2 7 7
r r r r r r r r
| a |2 + | b |2 + 2a × b > | a |2 + | b |2 – 2a × b Diameter of the sphere = 2 × 2 = 4 units
r r
a ×b > 0 7. (b) Perpendicular distance = (4)2 + (3)2 = 5 units.
r r
| a | × | b | × cos q > 0 8. (d) Direction ratios are <a + b, b + c, c + a>
But if q Î [90°, 180°], cos q < 0 Then, direction cosine,
Hence, statement i and ii are correct, but Statement iii is not (a + b)
correct. l=
3D Geometry (a + b) + (b + c )2 + (c + a )2
2

1. (d) given point is (b + c )

m=
(P + 1, P – 3, 2 p ) ( a + b ) 2 + (b + c ) 2 + ( c + a ) 2
to determine direction ratios of a line we require 2 points. (c + a )
\ DR’s can’t be determined as infinite lines will pass n=
through this point. ( a + b ) 2 + (b + c ) 2 + (c + a ) 2
Thus direction cosines can not be obtained. Sum of squares of direction cosines
x -1 y - 3 z + 2 ( a + b ) 2 + ( b + c ) 2 + (c + a ) 2
2. (b) = = 2 2 2 = = 1.
1 2 7 l +m +n ( a + b ) 2 + ( b + c ) 2 + (c + a ) 2
Verify from options
z
Only (2, 5, 5) satisfies the above equation.
9. (c)
x-4 y-2 z-k –y
3. (d) Line = =
1 1 2
passes through (4, 2, k) are lies in plane –x x
2x – 4y + z = 7
so it must satisfy
y
2(4) – 4(2) + k = 7 Þ k = 7
4. (b) given angle from z-axis = 60°
1 –z
\ n = cos 60° =
2 Co-ordinate plane divide the space into 8 octanes.
Let the cosines of angle made by line with y-axis and 10. (b) Equation of the plane which cuts an intercept 5 units
on the z-axis and is parallel to xy-plane, is
x-axis be 3x and x z = 5, y = 0, x = 0.
Q l2 + m2 + n2 = 1 11. (b) Angle between two lines
1 3 3 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
Þ 3x2 + x2 + =1 x= ± \ 3x = cos q =
4 4 4
a12 + b12 + c12 . a22 + b22 + c22
3 æ 3 3 1ö æ -3 – 3 1 ö Here, (a1, b1, c1) = (6, 3, 6)
x= \ (l, m, n) = ç , , ÷ or ç , ,
4 è 4 4 2ø è 4 4 2 ÷ø and (a2, b2, c2) = (,3 3, 0)
for angle 6 ´3+ 3´ 3+ 0
|l1 l2 + m1 m2 + n1 n2| \ cos q =
62 + 32 + 62 × 32 + 32 + 0
–9 3 1 –1
= - + = = cos q 27 1
16 16 4 2 = =
Þ Angle = q = 60° 9×3 2 2
5. (a) Given points are æ 1 ö p
(x, y, –3); (2, 0, –1); (4, 2, 3) \ q = cos –1 ç =
è 2 ÷ø 4
since they lie on same line
\ their DR’s must be same 12. (b) Let x – 1 = (y – 3) = 1 – z = k (Say)
DR’s = (2 – x, –y, 2) k
(2, 2, 4) \l=k,m= and n = k
2
2- x -y 2 From l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
\ = =
2 2 4 2
Þ x = 1 ; y = –1 æ kö 2
k2 + ç ÷ + k2 = 1 Þ k =
è 2ø 3
 EBD_7346
54 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

2 1 2 3. (d) Given regression lines

\l= , m = and n = 6x + y = 30
3 3 3 and 3x + 2y = 25
\l4+m4+n4 point of intersection of both lines
4 4 4
æ 2ö æ 1 ö æ 2ö 11 æ 35 20 ö
= ç ÷ +ç ÷ +ç ÷ = = ( x , y ) = ç , ÷ for 6x = –y + 30
è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø 27 è 9 3ø
13. (c) Point A = (1, 7, –5) and B = (–3, 4, –2) 1
Equation of plane AB : al + bm + cn = 0 Þ x= - y + 5 and for 2y = –3x + 25
a = (1 – (–3)) = 4 6
b = (7 – 4) = 3 3 25
c = (–5 – (–2)) = –3 y= - x+
2 2
\ Projection on y-axis = 3.
14. (c) As three points are collinear. æ 1ö æ 3ö 1
\ r2 = ç - ÷ . ç - ÷ Þr= ±
è 6ø è 2ø 2
k 1 3
D= 1 -2 k + 1 = 0 Q sign of x , y & r is same.
So,
15 2 -4 1
\ r=
2
Þ k (8 - 2(k + 1)) + 1(15(k + 1) + 4) + 3(2 + 30) = 0 4. (b) It can be clearly seen from options that class limits are
Þ k (6 - 2k ) + (15k + 19) + 96 = 0 2.5–7.5, 7.5–12.5, ....
5. (b) Given: n = 5,
Þ 2k 2 - 21k - 105 = 0 x = 4.4
On solving, we will get two different values of k. s2 = 8.24
15. (c) Given equation of plane x + y + z = 3
Let point P is (0, 0, 0) and point Q is the foot of perpendicu- Q Sx = x . x
lar drawn from point P on the plane. Þ Sx = 5 ´ 4.4 = 22
Since, PQ is perpendicular to the plane, so direction ratio also 1 + 2 + 6 + p + q = 22
of line PQ < 1, 1, 1 >. Þ p + q = 13
\ Equation of line PQ, \ 9, 4 = p, q.
6. (b) x f cumulative
x-0 y-0 z-0 frequency
= = =l
1 1 1 1 3 3
\ (x, y, z) = (l, l, l) 2 15 18
As point Q lies on the given plane. 3 45 63
\l +l+ l=3 Þ l=1 4 57 120
Hence, Co-ordinate of point Q = (1, 1, 1). 5 50 170
Statistics 6 36 206
7 25 231
1. (b) 22, 24, 33, 37, x + 1, x + 3, 46, 47, 57, 58 8 9 240
given median = 42 Sf = 240 = N
( x + 1) + ( x + 3) th
= 42 æ N + 1ö
Median = ç data
2 è 2 ÷ø
2x + 4 = 120.5th data
Þ = 42 Þ x + 2 = 42 Þ x = 40
2 =5
\ x + 1 = 41 x + 3 = 43 7. (c) Given: n = 100
2. (a) Given, x = 60 and n = 10 x = 50, s = 10
5 is added to each observation
and å ( x - 50)2 = 5000 \ new mean = 55
& standard deviation remains same.
Þ å ( x 2 - 100 x + 2500) = 5000 8. (c) Given: Range of x = 25
Þ å x 2 - 100å x = –20000 Þ å x 2 = 60000 – 20000 and y = 40 + 3x
Range of y = 3 ´ 25
Þ å x 2 = 40,000 = 75
now, 9. (c) For first 15 natural numbers.
15 + 1 n2 - 1 224 56
s=
å x2 - ( x ) 2 Mean (M) = = 8 and V = = =
2 12 12 3
n
56 248
Þ s= 4000 - 3600 = 20 \ V + M2 = + 64 =
3 3
Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21 55
10. (c) 12. (c) For physics
Mark s ci fi c i fi
Number of students Marks Difference of
10–20 15 8 120
number of
Range 20–30 25 11 275
Physics Maths students
30–40 35 30 1050
11 21 20 – 30 21 – 11 = 10 40–50 45 26 1170
30 38 30 – 40 38 – 30 = 8 50–60 55 15 825
60–70 65 10 650
26 15 40 – 50 26 – 15 = 11 ¬Maximum å i = 100 å i = 4090
15 10 50 – 60 15 – 10 = 5 4090
Mean of marks of physics = = 40.9.
100
Hence, difference is largest for the interval (40-50).
11. (a)
(1) Modal value of the marks of Physics is the interval in 13. (b) Standard deviation =
( x - x )2
which maximum number of students got his marks. In the N
marks interval of (30–40), number of students in Physics is Given data: – 6, – 5, – 4, –1, 1, 4, 5, 6.
30, which is largest number of students in any interval.
Sum of datas
Hence, modal values of marks in Physics is (30–40). x= =0
Statement (1) is correct. Number of data

( x – x )2 = ( – ) + ( – 5 – 0) + ( – 4 – 0) +
th th 2 2 2
æNö æ 100 ö 6 –0
(2) Median class is given by ç ÷ item i.e. ç ÷ item
è2ø è 2 ø
( –1– 0 )2 + (1 – 0 )2 + ( 4 – 0 ) + ( 5 – 0 ) + ( 6 – 0 )
2 2 2
which is 50th item. This corresponds to the class interval
of (40–50) for Physics and (30–40) for Mathematics. = 6 + 5 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 32

( x – x )2 32
S.D. = = = 4 =2
Number of Number N 8
Cumulative Cumulative
Marks Physics of Maths 14. (d) Coefficient of Variation (C.V.)
Frequency Frequency
students student Standard Deviation (s)
= × 100
10-20 8 8 10 10 Mean (m)
20-30 11 19 21 31 2
Sxi2 æ Sxi ö
30-40 30 49 38 69 Now, standard deviation (s) = -ç ÷
n è n ø
40-50 26 75 15 84 2
200 æ 20 ö Sxi 20
50-60 15 90 10 94 = -ç ÷ = 4 Mean (m) = = = 2.
10 è 10 ø n 10
60-70 10 100 6 100 4
\ Co-efficient of variation (C.V.) = ´100 = 200.
2
N
- C. f . 15. (b) Correct arithmetic mean
Medium = l1 + 2 ´i (-83 + 53) ( -30)
f = 40 + = 40 + = 39.7.
100 100 100
- 49 16. (b) Regression of Y on X :
\ Median for Physics = 40 + 2 ´10
26 ïì s y ïü
Y = í ´ r ( x, y ) ý X - a (where a = constant term)
= 40 +
50 - 49
´ 10 = 40.385 îï s x þï
26 æ 3.5 ö
100 Þ Y =ç ´ 0.8 ÷ X - 5.8
- 31 è 2.5 ø
Median for Maths = 30 + 2 ´10 \ Y = 1.12 X - 5.8.
38
Sum of data
50 - 31 17. (b) Arithmetic mean =
= 30 + ´ 10 = 35 Number of data
38
Thus, median of the marks in Physics is more than median 4 ´ x + 9( x - 1)
6=
of the marks in Mathematics. ( x + x - 1)
Hence, statement (2) is not correct.
6(2 x - 1) = 4 x + 9 x - 9
 EBD_7346
56 Topicwise Solved paper for NDA/NA Mathematics 2019-21

12 x - 6 = 13x - 9 198
x = 9 - 6 = 3. Group of S.D. = = 99
2
18. (d) Number of data set = n. \ S.D. = 3.
Mean = 2.5
n n
Sum of deviations = 50
Again, sum of deviations, when mean = 3.5 is –50. å ( xi -k ) å xi
So, (3.5 – 2.5) × n = 50 – (–50) 25. (b) M = i =1 M+K= i =1

\ n = 100 n n
19. (d) Sum of n observation = 2M × n \ Meen = M + K
Sum of 2n observation = M × 2n 73 + 85 + 92 + 105 + 120
26. (c) Mean = = 95
2Mn + 2Mn 4 5
Mean of combined data sets = = M. \ Sum of the deviation from the mean
( n + 2 n) 3
= (95 – 73) + (95 – 85) + (95 – 92) + (95 – 105)
Sum of observation + (95 – 180)
20. (a) (i) Arithmetic mean = = 22 + 10 + 3 – 10 – 25 = 0
Number of observation
(ii) Geometric mean = n Product of n observation S .D.
27. (a) Co-efficient of variation (C.V.) =
Here, only Arithmetic mean measures central tendency. Mean
æ 30 ö 45 S .D.
21. (b) Science graduate (angle) = çè ÷ ´ 360° = 72° = Þ S.D. = 45
30 + 70 + 50 ø 100 100
22. ( b) 23. ( c) Then, variance = (S.D.)2 = (45)2 = 2025
28. (b) For set of numbers : 6, 18, 18, 18, 30
Number Cummulative Mean = 18, Median = 18, Mode = 18.
24. (a) Frequency
of Peas frequency 29. (b) Mean of discarded observation
1 4 4 Sum of 12 observation - Sum of 10 observation
=
2 33 37 2
3 76 113 12 ´ 75 - 10 ´ 65
= = 125
4 50 163 2
30. Mode = Data with highest frequency As mode is 15, So x =
5 26 189
15.
6 8 197
7 1 198
 1
Sets, Relations, Functions
and Number System
1. Universal set, 8. Which of the following statements is not correct for the
U = {x | x5 – 6x4 + 11x3 – 6x2 = 0} relation R defined by aRb if and only if b lives within one
A = {x | x2 – 5x + 6 = 0} kilometer from a? [2006-I]
B = {x | x2 – 3x + 2 = 0} (a) R is reflexive (b) R is symmetric
What is (A Ç B)' equal to ? [2006-I] (c) R is not anti-symmetric (d) None of the above
(a) {1, 3} (b) {1, 2, 3} 9. Let X be any non-empty set containing n elements. Then
(c) {0, 1, 3} (d) {0, 1, 2, 3} what is the number of relations on X ? [2006-I]
2
(a) 2 n (b) 2 n
2. Suppose that A denotes the collection of all complex numbers
whose square is a negative real number. Which one of the (c) 2 2n (d) n 2
following statements is correct ? [2006-I] 10. What is the region that represents A Ç B if [2006-I]
(a) A R Í £
A = {(x, y) | x + y 4} and B = {(x, y) | x + y £ 0}?
(b) A Ê R (a) {(x, y) | x + y £ 2} (b) {(x, y) | 2x + y £ 4}
(c) A = {x + iy|x2 Î R|x, y Î R}
(d) A = {iy|y Î R} (c) {(x, y) | x + y £ 0} (d) {(x, y) | x + y £ 4}
3. A relation R is defined on the set Z of integers as follows : 11. In a group of 500 students, there are 475 students who can
speak Hindi and 200 can speak Bengali. What is the number
mRn Û m + n is odd.
of students who can speak Hindi only ? [2006-I]
Which of the following statements is/are true for R ? (a) 275 (b) 300
1. R is reflexive 2. R is symmetric (c) 325 (d) 350
3. R is transitive 12. Let X and Y be two non-empty sets and let R1 and R2 be two
Select the correct answer using the code given below : relations from X into Y. Then, which one of the following is
(a) 2 only (b) 2 and 3 correct ? [2006-I]
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 and 3 [2006-I] (a) (R1 Ç R2)–1 Ì R1–1 Ç R2–1
4. Let A and B be two non-empty subsets of a set X. (b) (R1 Ç R2)–1 É R1–1 Ç R2–1
If (A – B) È (B – A) = A È B, then which one of the (c) (R1 Ç R2)–1 = R1–1 Ç R2–1
following is correct? (d) (R1 Ç R2)–1 = R1–1 È R2–1
(a) A Ì B (b) A Ì (X – B) 13. What is the value of
(c) A = B (d) B Ì A [2006-I]
5. Let A = {(n, 2n) : n Î N} and B = {(2n, 3n) : n Î N}. What is (1001) 2(11)2 - (101)2(11) 2
A Ç B equal to ? ?
(1001)2(10)2 + (1001)2(01)2 (101)2(01)2 + (101) 2(10)2
(a) {(n, 6n) : n Î N} (b) {(2n, 6n) : n Î N}
(a) (1001)2 (b) (101)2
(c) {(n, 3n) : n Î N} (d) f [2006-I] (c) (110)2 (d) (100)2 [2006-I]
6. Which one of the following operations on sets is not correct 14. Let x > y be two real numbers and z Î R, z ¹ 0. Consider the
where B' denotes the complement of B? [2006-I] following :
(a) (B' – A') È (A' – B') = (A È B) – (A Ç B) 1. x + z > y + z and xz > yz
(b) (A – B) È (B – A) = (A' È B') – (A' Ç B') 2. x + z > y – z and x – z > y – z
(c) (B' – A') Ç (A' – B') = (B – A) Ç (A – B)
x y
(d) (B' – A') Ç (A' – B') = (B – A') È (A' – B) 3. xz > yz and >
7. Which one of the following sets has all elements as odd z z
positive integers ? [2006-I] x y
(a) S = {x Î R|x3 – 8x2 + 19x – 12 = 0} 4. x – z > y – z and >
z z
(b) S = {x Î R|x3 – 9x2 + 23x – 15 = 0} Which of the above is/are correct ? [2006-I]
(c) S = {x Î R|x3 – 7x2 + 14x – 8 = 0} (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) S = {x Î R|x3 – 12x2 + 44x – 48 = 0} (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
 EBD_7346
M-2 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
15. If A, B and C are any three arbitrary events then which one 24. Consider the following for any three non-empty sets A, B
of the following expressions shows that both A and B occur and C.
but not C ? [2006-I] 1. A – (B È C) = (A – B) È (A – C)
2. A – B = A – ( A Ç B)
(a) A Ç B Ç C (b) A Ç B Ç C
3. A = (A Ç B) È (A – B)
(c) A Ç B Ç C (d) (A È B) Ç C Which of the above is/are correct ?
16. Let P = {p1, p2, p3, p4} (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
Q = {q1, q2, q3, q4} and (c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 and 3 [2006-II]
R = {r1, r2, r3, r4}. 25. Consider the following statements :
If S10 = {(pi, qj, rk) : i + j + k = 10}, There are infinitely many rational numbers between two
how many elements does S10 have ? [2006-I] distinct
(a) 2 (b) 4 1. integers.
(c) 6 (d) 8 2. rational numbers.
17. Which one of the following is correct ? [2006-I] 3. real numbers.
(a) A È (B – C) = A Ç (B Ç C') Which of the statements above are correct ?
(b) A – (B È C) = (A Ç B ') Ç C ' (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 and 3
(c) A – (B Ç C) = (A Ç B ') Ç C (c) Only 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 [2006-II]
(d) A Ç (B – C) = (A Ç B ) Ç C 26. What does the shaded region represent in the figure given
below ?
18. The maximum three digit integer in the decimal system will
be represented in the binary system by which one of the
following ? [2006-II] P Q
(a) 1111110001 (b) 1111111110
(c) 1111100111 (d) 1111000111
19. What is the difference between the smallest five digit binary
integer and the largest four digit binary integer ? [2006-II]
(a) The smallest four digit binary integer
(b) The smallest one digit binary integer
(c) The greatest one digit binary integer
(d) The greatest three digit binary integer. R
20. If F(n) denotes the set of all divisors of n except 1, what is
the least value of y satisfying [F(20) Ç F(16)] Í F(y)? (a) (P È Q) – (P Ç Q) (b) P Ç (Q Ç R)
(c) (P Ç Q) Ç (P Ç R) (d) (P Ç Q) È (P Ç R)
[2006-II]
[2006-II]
(a) 1 (b) 2
27. If ax = b, by = c, cz = a, then what is the value of
(c) 4 (d) 8
21. On the set Z of integers, relation R is defined as "a R b Û 1 æ 1 1 1ö
ç + + ÷
a + 2b is an integral multiple of 3". Which one of the following ( xy + yz + zx) çè x y z ÷ø ?
statements is correct for R ? [2006-II]
(a) 0 (b) abc
(a) R is only reflexive
(c) 1 (d) – 1 [2006-II]
(b) R is only symmetric
28. If 2x = 3y = 12z, then what is (x + 2y)/(xy) equal to ?
(c) R is only transitive
1
(d) R is an equivalence relation (a) z (b)
22. For non-empty sets A, B and C, the following two statements z
are given: z
(c) 2z (d) [2006-II]
Statement P : A Ç (B È C) = (A Ç B) È C 2
Statement Q : C is a subset of A 29. If a set X contains n (n > 5) elements, then what is the
Which one of the following is correct ? [2006-II] number of subsets of X containing less than 5 elements ?
(a) P Ü Q (a) C (n, 4) (b) C (n, 5)
5 4
(b) P Û Q
(c) P Þ Q (c) å
r =0
C(n, r) (d) å C(n, r)
r =0
[2006-II]
(d) Nothing can be said about the correctness of the 30. Which one of the following is an infinite set ?
above three with certainty (a) The set of human beings on the earth
23. If X = {x : x > 0, x2 < 0}, and Y = {flower, Churchill, moon, (b) The set of water drops in a glass of water
Kargil), then which one of the following is a correct (c) The set of trees in a forest
statement? (d) The set of all primes [2006-II]
(a) X is well defined but Y is not a well defined set
(b) Y is well defined but X is not a well defined set 31. What is the value of 0.2 + 0.23 ?
(c) Both X and Y are well defined sets (a) 0.43 (b) 0.45
(d) Neither X nor Y is a well defined set [2006-II] (c) 0.223 (d) 0.223 [2006-II]
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-3

32. If 3(x–1) + 3(x +1) = 30, then what is the value of 3(x + 2) + 3x ? 42. Among the following equations, which are linear?
(a) 30 (b) 60 1. 2x + y – z = 5
(c) 81 (d) 90 [2007-I] 2. p x + y – ez = log 3
33. Let f: [– 100 p,100 p] ® [–1, 1] be defined by f (q) = sin q . 3. 3x + 2y = 7
Then what is the number of values of q Î [–100 p, 1000 p] 4. sin x – y – 5z = 4
for which f (q) = 0? Select the correct answer using the code given below
(a) 1000 (b) 1101 (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1100 (d) 1110 [2007-I] (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4 [2007-II]
34. For non-empty subsets A,B and C of a set X such that 43. The multiplication of the number (10101)2 by (1101)2 yields
A È B = B Ç C, which one of the following is the strongest which one of the following ?
inference that can be derived? (a) (100011001)2 (b) (100010001)2
(a) A = B = C (b) A Í B = C (c) (110010011)2 (d) (100111001)2 [2007-II]
(c) A =B Í C (d) A Í BÍ C [2007-I] 44. If A and B are two sets satisfying A – B = B – A, then which
35. If m is the universal set and P is a subset of m, then what is one of the following is correct?
P Ç (P – m) È (m – P)} equal to ? (a) A = f (b) A Ç B = f
(a) f (b) P' (c) A = B (d) None of these [2007-II]
(c) m (d) P [2007-I] 45. Which one of the following is correct? The real number
36. let m = the set of all triangles, P = the set of all isosceles
3
triangles, Q = the set of all equilateral triangles, R = the set 2+ 5 + 3 2- 5 is :
of all right-angled triangles. What do the sets P Ç Q and
(a) an integer
R – P represents respectively ?
(b) a rational number but not an integer
(a) The set of isosceles triangles; the set of non- isosceles
right angled triangles (c) an irrational number
(b) The set of isosceles triangles; the set of right angled (d) none of the above [2007-II]
triangles 46. If (A - B) È (B - A) =A for subsets A and B of the universal
(c) The set of equilateral triangles; the set of right angled set U, then which one of the following is correct?
triangles (a) B is proper non-empty subset of A
(d) The set of isosceles triangles; the set of equilateral (b) A and B are non-empty disjoint sets
triangles [2007-I] (c) B = f
37. Consider the following statements:
(d) None of the above [2007-II]
For non empty sets A, B and C
47. If A, B and C are three sets and U is the universal set such
1. A– ( B – C) = ( A– B) È C
that n (U) = 700 , n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 and n(A Ç B) = 100,
2. A– (B È C) = ( A– B) – C
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? then what is the value of (A' Ç B')?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 100 (b) 200
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1nor 2 [2007-I] (c) 300 (d) 400 [2007-II]
38. A relation R is defined over the set of non-negative integers 48. What does the shaded region in the Venn diagram given
below represent ? [2007-II]
as xRy Þ x 2 + y2 = 36 what is R?
A
(a) {(0, 6)}
(b) {(6,0), ( 11,5), (3,3, 3)
(c) {(6, 0), (0, 6)}
(d) ( 11,5), (2, 4 2), (5 11), (4 2, 2)} [2007-I] B
39. Consider the following statements:
1. Parallelism of lines is an equivalence relation.
2. x R y, if x is a father of y, is an equivalence relation.
C
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) C Ç (A 'Ç B') (b) C È (C'Ç A Ç B)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [2007-I] (c) C È (C Ç A) È (C Ç B) (d) C È (A / B)
40. Which one of the following binary numbers is the prime
number? 49. Let N be the set of integers. A relation R on N is defined as
R = {(x, y) : xy > 0, x, y, Î N}. Then, which one of the following
(a) 1 11101 (b) 1 11010
is correct? [2007-II]
(c) 1 11111 (d) 1 00011 [2007-I]
(a) R is symmetric but not reflexive
41. What is the product of the binary numbers 1001.01 and
11.1? (b) R is reflexive but not symmetric
(a) 101110.011 (b) 1 00000.011 (c) R is symmetric and reflexive but not transitive
(c) 101110.101 (d) 100000.101 [2007-I] (d) R is an equivalence relation
 EBD_7346
M-4 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
50. What is the value of 58. Let R be the relation defined on the set of natural number N
log 27 9 ´ log16 64 as aRb; a, b Î N, if a divides b. Then, which one of the
? following is correct ?
log 4 2 (a) R is reflexive only
1 1 (b) R is symmetric only
(a) (b) (c) R is transitive only
6 4
(c) 8 (d) 4 [2007-II] (d) R is reflexive and transitive [2008-I]
51. Elements of a population are classified according to the 59. If 10(log10 | x | ) = 2, what is the value of x ?
presence or absence of each of 3 attributes A, B and C. (a) 2 only (b) – 2 only
What is the number of smallest ultimate classes into which (c) 2 or – 2 (d) 1 or – 1 [2008-I]
the population is divided? 60. Consider the following statements
(a) 5 (b) 6 1. f Î {f} 2. {f} Í f
(c) 8 (d) 9 [2007-II]
53. The following question consist of two statements, one Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (R)'. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
You are to examine these two statements carefully and select (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [2008-I]
the answer. 61.
Assertion (A) : If events, A, B, C, D are mutually exhaustive,
then (A È B È C)C = D. A B
C
Reason (R) : (A È B È C) = D. implies if any element is
excluded from the sets A, B and C, then it is included in D.
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct
explanation of A. C
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true. [2007-II] What does the shaded region in the above diagram
represent? [2008-I]
54. For what value (s) of x is log 10 {999 + x 2 - 3x + 3} = 3?
(a) (A Ç B) Ç C (b) (A È B) Ç C
(a) 0 (b) 1 only
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 [2007-II] (c) (A È B) - C (d) None of the above
55. Which one of the following is correct? The function f : A ® 62. The binary number 0.111111 .... (where the digit 1 is recurring)

{ }
is equivalent in decimal system to which one of the
p p following?
R where A = x Î R, - < x < defined by f(x) = tan x.
2 2
1 11
(a) Injective (b) Not injective (a) (b)
(c) Bijective (d) Not bijective [2008-I] 10 10
56. Which one of the following real valued functions is never 10
(c) 1 (d) [2008-I]
zero? 11
(a) Polynomial function 63. The difference of two numbers 10001100 and 1101101 in
(b) Trigonometric function binary system is expressed in decimal system by which one
(c) Logarithmic function of the following?
(d) Exponential function [2008-I] (a) 27 (b) 29
(c) 31 (d) 33 [2008-I]
57. The following question consist of two statements, one
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason 64. Let A = { x Î R | -9 £ x < 4}; B = { x Î R | -13 < x £ 5} and
(R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully
and select the answer. C = {x Î R | -7 £ x £ 8}.
Then, which one of the following is correct? [2008-I]
Assertion (A) : {x Î R |x 2 < 0} is not a set. Here R is the set
(a) - 9 Î (A Ç B Ç C) (b) - 7 Î (A Ç B Ç C)
of real numbers.
Reason (R) : For every real number x, x2 > 0. (c) 4 Î (A Ç B Ç C) (d) 5 Î (A Ç B Ç C)
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct 65. Which one of the following is correct? [2008-I]
explanation of A. (a) A È P(A) = P(A) (b) A Ç P(A) = A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
correct explanation of A. (c) A - P(A) = A (d) P(A) - {A} = P(A)
(c) A is true but R is false. Here P(A) denotes the power set of a set A.
(d) A is false but R is true. [2008-I]
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-5

77. What is the number of proper subsets of a given finite set

1
66. A function f is defined by f ( x) = x + . Consider the with n elements? [2009-I]
x (a) 2n –1 (b) 2n – 2
following. [2008-II] (c) 2n – 1 (d) 2n – 2
(1) ( f (x))2 = f (x2) + 2 78. If A, B an d C ar e three finite sets, then what is
(2) ( f (x))3 = f (x3) + 3f (x)
éë( A È B ) Ç C ùû equal to?
'

Which of the above is/are correct? [2009-I]

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) A ' È B ' Ç C ' (b) A ' Ç B ' Ç C '
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) A ' Ç B ' È C ' (d) A Ç B Ç C
67. If a set A contains 4 elements, then what is the number of 79. If A and B are subsets of a set X, then what is
elements in A × P (A)? [2008-II]
(a) 16 (b) 32
{ A Ç ( X – B )} È B equal to? [2009-I]
(c) 64 (d) 128 (a) A È B (b) A Ç B
68. If A, B, C are three sets such that A È B = A È C and (c) A (d) B
A Ç B = A Ç C , then which one of the following is correct? 80. The total number of subsets of a finite set A has 56 more
[2008-II] elements than the total number of subsets of another finite
set B. What is the number of elements in the set A?[2009-I]
(a) A = B only (b) B = C only
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) A = C only (d) A = B = C
(c) 7 (d) 8
( )
2
69. The number 2 + 2 is [2008-II] 81. Which one of the following is correct? [2009-I]
(a) a natural number (b) an irrational number (a) A × (B – C) = (A – B) × (A – C)
(c) a rational number (d) a whole number (b) A × (B – C) = (A × B) – (A × C)
70. If A and B are disjoint sets, then A Ç ( A ' È B ) is equal to (c) A Ç ( B È C ) = ( A Ç B ) È C
which one of the following? [2008-II] (d) A È ( B Ç C ) = ( A È B ) Ç C
82. In an examination out of 100 students, 75 passed in English
(a) f (b) A 60 passed in Mathematics and 45 passed in both English
(c) A È B (d) A – B ' and Mathematics. What is the number of students passed
71. If A, B, C are three sets, then what is A – (B – C) equal to? in exactly one of the two subjects? [2009-I]
[2008-II] (a) 45 (b) 60
(a) A – ( B Ç C ) (b) ( A – B ) È C (c) 75 (d) 90
(c) ( A – B) È ( A Ç C) (d) ( A – B) È ( A – C) 83. Let R = {x | x Î N, x is a multiple of 3 and x £ 100}
72. If A and B are two subsets of a set X, then what is S = {x | x Î N, x is a multiple of 5 and x £ 100}
A Ç ( A È B )' equal to? [2008-II] What is the number of elements in (R × S) Ç (S × R)?
(a) A (b) B [2009-I]
(a) 36 (b) 33
(c) f (d) A '
(c) 20 (d) 6
73. f : {1, 2, 3} ® {4, 5} is not a function if it is defined by 84. If A ={a, b, c} and R = {( a, a), (a, b), (b, c), (b, b), (c, c), (c, a)}
which one of the following? [2008-II] is a binary relation of A, then which one of the following is
(a) {(2, 4), (3, 5), (1, 5)} correct? [2009-I]
(b) {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)} (a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive
(c) {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4)} (b) R is reflexive and transitive, but not symmetric
(d) {(1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)} (c) R is reflexive, but neither symmetric nor transitive
74. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), (d) R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
(3, 4), (4, 3), (4, 4)} is a relation on A × A, then which one of 85. If log10(x + 1) + log10 5 = 3, then what is the value of x?
the following is correct? [2008-II] [2009-I]
(a) R is reflexive (a) 199 (b) 200
(b) R is symmetric and transitive (c) 299 (d) 300
(c) R is transitive but not reflexive log 3 9
(d) R is neither reflexive nor transitive 86. What is the value of 2 log 8 2 – ? [2009-I]
3
75. If X and Y are any two non-empty sets, then what is (a) 0 (b) 1
( X – Y ) ' equal to? [2009-I] (c) 8/3 (d) 16/3
(a) X ' – Y ' (b) X ' Ç Y 87. What is the decimal equivalent of (101 . 101)2? [2009-I]
(c) X ' È Y (d) X – Y ' (a) (5.225)10 (b) (5.525)10
76. What is the binary equivalent of decimal number (c) (5.625)10 (d) (5.65)10
(0.8125)10 ? [2009-I] 88. Let A = {x| x £ 9, x Î N}. Let B = {a, b, c} be the subset of A
where (a + b + c) is a multiple of 3. What is the largest
(a) (0.1101)2 (b) (0.1001)2
possible number of subsets like B? [2009-II]
(c) (0.1111)2 (d) (0.1011)2 (a) 12 (b) 21 (c) 27 (d) 30
 EBD_7346
M-6 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
89. Let A = {–1, 2, 5, 8}, B = {0, 1, 3, 6, 7} and R be the relation ‘is 100. If logk x log5 k = 3, then what is x equal to? [2009-II]
one less than’ from A to B, then how many elements will R (a) k 5 (b) 5k 3
contain? [2009-II] (c) 243 (d) 125
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 5 (d) 9 101. If Na = {ax x Î N }, then what is N12 Ç N8 equal to?
90. Natural numbers are divided into groups as (1), (2, 3), [2009-II]
(4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9, 10) and so on. What is the sum of the (a) N 12 (b) N 20
numbers in the 11th group? [2009-II] (c) N 24 (d) N 48
(a) 605 (b) 615 102. If X = {(4n - 3n - 1) | n Î N } and Y = {9 (n – 1)|n Î N}, then
(c) 671 (d) 693
what is X ÈY equal to? [2009-II]
(log 27 9)(log16 64) (a) X (b) Y
91. What is the value of ? [2009-II] (c) N (d) A null set
log 4 2
103. Sets A and B have n elements in common. How many
(a) 1 (b) 2 elements will (A × B) and (B × A) have in common?
(c) 4 (d) 8 [2009-II]
92. If x = (1 1 0 1)2 and y = (1 1 0)2, then what is the value of (a) 0 (b) 1
x2 – y2 ? [2009-II] (c) n (d) n 2
(a) (1 0 0 0 1 0 1)2 (b) (1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1)2 104. Let f : R ® R be defined by f(x) = |x| / x, x ¹ 0, f(0) = 2.
(c) (1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1)2 (d) (1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1)2 What is the range of f ? [2009-II]
93. If (1 0 x 0 1 0)2 – (1 1 y 1)2 = (1 0 z 1 1)2, then what are the (a) {1, 2} (b) {1, –1}
possible values of the binary digits x, y, z respectively? (c) {–1, 1, 2} (d) {1}
[2009-II] 105. What is the equivalent binary number of the decimal number
(a) 0, 0, 1 (b) 0, 1, 0 13.625? [2010-I]
(c) 1, 1, 0 (d) 0, 0, 0 (a) 1101.111 (b) 1111.101
94. The number 0.0011 in binary system represents [2009-II] (c) 1101.101 (d) 1111.111
(a) rational number 3/8 in decimal system 106. The order of a set A is 3 and that of a set B is 2. What is the
(b) rational number 1/8 in decimal system number of relations from A to B? [2010-I]
(c) rational number 3/16 in decimal system (a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 32 (d) 64
(d) rational number 5/16 in decimal system log a b ( H )
95. If n (A) = 115, n (B) = 326, n (A – B) = 47, then what is 107. What is the value of ? [2010-I]
log a b g ( H )
n( A È B ) equal to? [2009-II]
(a) 373 (b) 165 (a) logab (a) (b) logabg (ab)
(c) logab (abg) (d) logab (b)
(c) 370 (d) 394
108. For a set A, consider the following statements: [2010-I]
96. If P(A) denotes the power set of A and A is the void set, then
what is number of elements in P{P{P{P(A)}}}? 1. A È P(A) = P(A) 2. {A} Ç P(A) = A
3. P(A) – {A} = P(A)
(a) 0 (b) 1 [2009-II]
where P denotes power set. [2010-I]
(c) 4 (d) 16
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
97. During a certain plane period a state out of a total budget of
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Rs 1400 crores had spent 28% of the total amount on
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Agriculture, 35% on Industry, 12% on Energy and 8% on
Social Welfare, 105 crores on Education and the balance 109. If A = P ({1, 2}) where P denotes the power set, then which
amount on Transport. What is the amount spent on one of the following is correct? [2010-I]
Transport in crores of rupees? [2009-II] (a) {1, 2} Ì A (b) 1 Î A
(a) 123 (b) 145 (c) f Ï A (d) {1, 2} Î A
110. Let X be the set of all graduates in India. Elements x and y in X
(c) 165 (d) 133
are said to be related if they are graduates of the same university.
98. In a town 35.4% of the people are not literates, 27% have
Which one of the following statements is correct? [2010-I]
education up to primary school, 18.6% have education up
(a) Relation is symmetric and transitive only
to middle school. The people with education up to high
school are twice the number of people with education up to (b) Relation is reflexive and transivtive only
Pre-University. Of the remaining, 660 are graduates. If the (c) Relation is reflexive and symmetric only
population of the town is 15000, then what is the number of (d) Relation is reflexive symmetric and transitive
people with education up to high school? 111. What is the value of [2010-I]
(a) 3120 (b) 1560 [2009-II] (11) 2
(0.101) 2 + (0.011) 2
(11) 2
(c) 1460 (d) None of these (10) 2 (01) 2 (01) 2 (10) 2
99. If (logx x) (log32x) (log2xy) = logxx2, then what is the value (0.101) 2 – (0.101) 2 (0.011) 2 + (0.011) 2
of y ? [2009-II] (a) (0.001)2 (b) (0.01)2
(a) 9/2 (b) 9 (c) (0.1)2 (d) (1)2
(c) 18 (d) 27
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-7

112. If A = {a, b, c, d}, then what is the number of proper subsets 123. What is the range of f(x) = cos2x – sin2x? [2011-I]
of A? [2010-I] (a) [2, 4] (b) [– 1, 1]
(a) 16
(c) 14
(b) 15
(d) 12
(c) é - 2, 2 ù
ë û (d) - 2, 2 ( )
113. Out of 32 persons, 30 invest in National Savings Certificates 124. If A = {1, 2, 5, 6} and B = {1, 2, 3}, then what is
and 17 invest in shares. What is the number of persons who ( A ´ B ) Ç ( B ´ A) equal to? [2011-I]
invest in both? [2010-I]
(a) 13 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 19 (a) {(1, 1), (2, 1), (6, 1), (3, 2)}
(b) {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)}
114. What is (1111)2 + (1001)2 – (1010)2 equal to ? [2010-II]
(c) {(1, 1), (2, 2)}
(a) (111)2 (b) (1100)2 (d) {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 5), (2, 6)}
(c) (1110)2 (d) (1010)2.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 125-129) : Read the following passage and
115. The relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) (1, 2), (2, 3),
give answer.
(1, 3)}on a set A = {1, 2, 3} is [2010-II]
(a) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric The students of a class are offered three languages (Hindi, English
(b) reflexive, symmetric but not transitive and French). 15 students learn all the three languages whereas 28
(c) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive students do not learn any language. The number of students
(d) reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive learning Hindi and English but not French is twice the number of
116. If log3 [log3 [log3 x]] = log3 3, then what is the value of x? students learning Hindi and French but not English. The number
[2010-II] of students learning English and French but not Hindi is thrice
(a) 3 (b) 27 the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English.
(c) 39 (d) 327 23 students learn only Hindi and 17 students learn only English.
117. What is the binary number equivalent of the decimal number The total number of students learning French is 46 and the total
32.25? [2010-II] number of students learning only French is 11. [2011-I]
(a) 100010.10 (b) 100000.10 125. How many students learn precisely two languages?
(c) 100010.01 (d) 100000.01 (a) 55 (b) 40
118. If A and B are two disjoint sets, then which one of the (c) 30 (d) 13
following is correct? [2010-II] 126. How many students learn at least two languages?
(a) A – B = A – (A Ç B) (b) B – A¢ = A Ç B (a) 15 (b) 30
(c) A Ç B = (A – B) Ç B (d) All of these (c) 45 (d) 55
119. Let N denote the set of natural numbers and 127. What is the total strength of the class?
A = {n2 : n Î N}and B = {n3 : n Î N}. Which one of the (a) 124 (b) 100
following is incorrect? [2010-II] (c) 96 (d) 66
(a) A È B = N 128. How many students learn English and French?
(b) The complement of (A È B) is an infinite set (a) 30 (b) 43
(c) A Ç B must be a finite set (c) 45 (d) 73
(d) A Ç B must be a proper subset of {m6 : m Î N} 129. How many students learn at least one languages?
120. If A = {2, 3}, B = {4, 5}, C = {5, 6}, then what is the number (a) 45 (b) 51
of elements of A ×(B Ç C)? [2010-II] (c) 96 (d) None of these
(a) 2 (b) 4 130. What is
(c) 6 (d) 8
121. Let U = {1, 2, 3,.....,20}. Let A, B, C be the subsets of U. Let
æ ö æ 1 ö
A be the set of all numbers, which are perfect squares, B be log ç a + a 2 + 1 ÷ + log ç ÷
è ø ç 2 ÷ equal to? [2011-I]
the set of all numbers which are multiples of 5 and C be the è a + a +1 ø
set of all numbers, which are divisible by 2 and 3. Consider (a) 1 (b) 0
the following statements : [2010-II]
I. A, B, C are mutually exclusive. 1
(c) 2 (d)
II. A, B, C are mutually exhaustive. 2
III. The number of elements in the complement set of 131. Consider the following with regard to a relation R on a set of
A È B is 12. real numbers defined by xRy if and only if 3x + 4y = 5
Which of the statements given above are the correct?
(a) I and II only (b) I and III only 1
I. 0R1 II. 1R
(c) II and III only (d) I, II and III 2
122. If the cardinality of a set A is 4 and that of a set B is 3, then 2 3
what is the cardinality of the set A D B? [2010-II] III. R
(a) 1 3 4
(b) 5 Which of the above are correct? [2011-I]
(c) 7 (a) I and II (b) I and III
(d) Cannot be determined as the sets A and B are not given (c) II and III only (d) I, II and III
 EBD_7346
M-8 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
132. What is the value of 144. Out of 500 first year students, 260 passed in the first semester
and 210 passed in the second semester. If 170 did not pass
æ9ö æ 27 ö æ 3ö in either semester, how many passed in both semesters?
log10 ç ÷ – log10 ç ÷ + log10 ç ÷ ? [2011-I]
è8ø è 32 ø è 4ø (a) 30 (b) 40 [2012-I]
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 70 (d) 140
(c) 1 (d) 0 145. What is the decimal number representation of the binary
133. In a binary number system, assume that a = 00111 and number (1 1 1 0 1. 0 0 1)2? [2012-I]
b (a) 30.125 (b) 29.025
b = 01110, then in a decimal system , which is equal to (c) 29.125 (d) 28.025
a
(a) 1 (b) 2 [2011-I] 146. Let U = { x Î N :1 £ x £ 10} be the universal set, N being
(c) 4 (d) 5 the set of natural numbers. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {2, 3, 6,
134. Let M be the set of men and R is a relation ‘is son of’ defined 10} then what is the complement of (A – B)? [2012-I]
on M. Then, R is [2011-I] (a) {6, 10} (b) {1, 4}
(a) an equivalence relation (c) {2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} (d) {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
(b) a symmetric relation only 147. Let A= {x : x is a square of a natural number and x is less than
(c) a transitive relation only 100} and B is a set of even natural numbers. What is the
(d) None of the above cardinality of A Ç B? [2012-I]
135. The number 10101111 in binary system is represented in (a) 4 (b) 5
decimal system by which one of the following (c) 9 (d) None of the above
numbers? [2011-I] 148. The number 292 in decimal system is expressed in binary
(a) 157 (b) 175 system by [2012-I]
(c) 571 (d) 751 (a) 100001010 (b) 100010001
136. If A, B and C are non-empty sets such that (c) 100100100 (d) 101010000
149. The set A = {x : x + 4 = 4} can also be represented by:
A Ç C = f, then what is ( A ´ B ) Ç ( C ´ B ) equal to? (a) 0 (b) j [2012-I]
(a) A × C (b) A × B [2011-I] (c) {j} (d) {0}
(c) B × C (d) f DIRECTIONS (Qs. 150-153) : In a city, three daily newspapers
137. If A = {4n + 2| n is a natural number} and B = {3n | n is a A, B, C are published, 42% read A; 51% read B; 68% read C;
natural number}, then what is ( A Ç B ) equal to? [2011-I] 30% read A and B; 28% read B and C; 36% read A and C; 8% do
not read any of the three newspapers.
(a) {12n2 + 6n| n is a natural number}
150. What is the percentage of persons who read all the three
(b) {24n – 12| n is a natural number} papers? [2012-I]
(c) {60n + 30| n is a natural number} (a) 20% (b) 25%
(d) {12n – 6| n is a natural number} (c) 30% (d) 40%
138. If P, Q and R are three non-collinear points, then what is 151. What is the percentage of persons who read only two
PQ Ç PR equal to? [2011-I] papers? [2012-I]
(a) Null set (b) {P} (a) 19% (b) 31%
(c) {P, Q, R} (d) {Q, R} (c) 44% (d) None of the above
139. In binary system the decimal number 0.3 can be 152. What is the percentage of persons who read only one paper?
expressed as [2011-II] (a) 38% (b) 48% [2012-I]
(a) (0.01001 ......)2 (b) (0.10110 ......)2 (c) 51% (d) None of the above
153. What is the percentage of persons who read only A but
(c) (0.11001 ......)2 (d) (0.10101 ......)2 neither B nor C? [2012-I]
140. If tan q = m , where m is non-square natural (a) 4% (b) 3%
number, then sec 2q is [2011-II] (c) 1% (d) None of the above
(a) a negative number 1
(b) a transcendental number 154. What is the value of 2 log8 2 - log3 9 ? [2012-I]
3
(c) an irrational number
(a) 0 (b) 1
(d) a rational number (c) 2 (d) 1/3
141. If A = {a, b, c}, then what is the number of proper subsets of 155. If A = {0, 1} and B = {1, 0}, then what is A × B equal to?
A? [2011-II] [2012-I]
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (a) {(0, 1), (1, 0)} (b) {(0, 0), (1, 1)}
142. What is the value of log2 (log3 81)? [2011-II] (c) {(0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)} (d) A × A
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 9 156. If A and B are two non-empty sets having n elements in
143. If f is a null set, then which one of the following is correct? common, then what is the number of common elements in
[2011-II] the sets A × B and B × A? [2012-I]
(a) f = 0 (b) f = {0} (a) n (b) n 2
(c) f = {f} (d) f = { } (c) 2n (d) zero
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-9

168. What is the number of people who do not know any of the
157. If A and B are any two sets, then what is A Ç ( A È B)
above three languages ? [2013-I]
equal to? [2012-I] (a) 3 × 106 (b) 4 × 106
(a) Complement of A (b) Complement of B (c) 3 × 107 (d) 4 × 107
(c) B (d) A 169. What is the number of people who know Hindi only?
158. The relation ‘has the same father as’ over the set of children (a) 21 × 106 (b) 25 × 106 [2013-I]
is: [2012-II] (c) 28 × 10 6 (d) 3 × 107
(a) only reflexive (b) only symmetric 170. What is the number of people who know Sanskrit only ?
(c) only transitive (d) an equivalence relation (a) 5 × 106 (b) 45 × 105 [2013-I]
159. The decimal representation of the number (1011)2 in binary (c) 4 × 10 6 (d) None of the above
system is: [2012-II] 171. What is the number of people who know English only ?
(a) 5 (b) 7
(a) 5 × 106 (b) 45 × 105 [2013-I]
(c) 9 (d) 11 6
(c) 4 × 10 (d) None of the above
160. The decimal number (57.375)10 when converted to binary
172. What is the number of people who know only one
number takes the form: [2012-II]
language ? [2013-I]
(a) (111001.011)2 (b) (100111.110)2
(c) (110011.101)2 (d) (111011.011)2 (a) 3 × 106 (b) 4 × 106
161. If (log3 x) (logx 2x) (log2x y) = logx x2, then what is y equal (c) 3 × 107 (d) 4 × 107
to? [2012-II] 173. What is the number of people who know only two
(a) 4.5 (b) 9 languages ? [2013-I]
(c) 18 (d) 27 (a) 11.25 × 105 (b) 11.25 × 106
162. Let P = {1, 2, 3} and a relation on set P is given by the set (c) 12 × 105 (d) 12.5 × 105
R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 3)}. Then R is: 174. Which one of the following is a null set ? [2013-I]
[2012-II] (a) {0} (b) {{{}}}
(a) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric (c) {{}} (d) {x |x2 + 1 = 0, x Î R}
(b) Symmetric, transitive but not reflexive 175. If A = {x, y}, B = {2, 3}, C = {3, 4}, then what is the number
(c) Symmetric, reflexive but not transitive of elements in A ´ ( B È C ) ? [2013-I]
(d) None of the above
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
163. If a non-empty set A contains n elements, then its power set
176. What is the value of logy x5 logx y2 logz z3 ? [2013-I]
contains how many elements ? [2012-II]
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 60
(a) n 2 (b) 2n
(c) 2n (d) n + 1 177. If A is a relation on a set R, then which one of the following
is correct ? [2013-I]
164. Let A = {x Î W, the set of whole numbers and x < 3},
B = {x Î N, the set of natural numbers and 2 £ x < 4} and (a) R Í A (b) A Í R
C = {3, 4}, then how many elements will ( A È B ) ´ C (c) A Í ( R ´ R ) (d) R Í ( A ´ A )
contain? [2012-II] 178. If A = {1, 2}, B = { 2, 3} and C = { 3, 4}, then what is the
(a) 6 (b) 8 cardinality of ( A ´ B ) Ç ( A ´ C ) ? [2013-II]
(c) 10 (d) 12 (a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 1
|x| 179. If A is a finite set having n elements, then the number of
165. What is the range of the function f ( x ) = , x ¹ 0? relations which can be defined in A is [2013-II]
x
[2013-I] (a) 2n (b) n2
(a) Set of all real numbers (b) Set of all integers (c) 2
(d) nn
2n
(c) {–1, 1} (d) {–1, 0, 1}
180. Which one of the following is an example of non-empty
166. The binary representation of the decimal number 45 is
set ? [2013-II]
(a) 110011 (b) 101010 [2013-I] (a) Set of all even prime numbers
(c) 1101101 (d) 101101 (b) (x : x2 –2 = 0 and x is rational)
167. If d is the number of degrees contained in an angle, m is the (c) {x : x is a natural number, x < 8 and simultaneously
number of minutes and s is the number of seconds, then the x > 12}
value of (s – m)/(m – d) is: [2013-I] (d) {x : x is a point common to any two parallel lines}
(a) 1 (b) 60 181. The number 83 is written in the binary system as
1 [2013-II]
(c) (d) None of these (a) 100110 (b) 101101
60
(c) 1010011 (d) 110110
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 168-173) : For the next six (06) questions 182. The relation R in the set Z of integers given by R = {(a, b) :
that follow : a – b is divisible by 5}is [2013-II]
In a state with a population of 75 × 106 , 45% of them know Hindi, (a) reflexive
22% know English, 18% know Sanskrit, 12% know Hindi and (b) reflexive but not symmetric
English, 8% know English and Sanskrit, 10% know Hindi and (c) symmetric and transitive
Sanskrit and 5% know all the three languages. (d) an equivalence relation
 EBD_7346
M-10 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
183. In a group of 50 people, two tests were conducted, one for 193. Let S denote set of all integers. Define a relation R on S as
diabetes and one for blood pressure. 30 people were 'aRb if ab ³ 0 where a, b Î S'. Then R is : [2014-I]
diagnosed with diabetes and 40 people were diagnosed with (a) Reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive relation
high blood pressure. what is the minimum number of people (b) Reflexive, symmetric but not transitive relation
who were having diabetes and high blood pressure ? (c) An equivalence relation
[2013-II] (d) Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive relation
(a) 0 (b) 10 194. What is the sum of the two numbers (11110)2 and (1010)2 ?
(c) 20 (d) 30 [2014-I]
184. Let A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {x, y, z}. What is the number of (a) (101000)2 (b) (110000)2
elements in A × B ? [2013-II] (c) (100100)2 (d) (101100)2
(a) 6 (b) 7 195. p, q, r, s, t, are five numbers such that the average of p,q and
(c) 12 (d) 64 r is 5 and that of s and t is 10. What is the average of all the
185. If A is a subset of B, then which one of the following is five numbers ? [2014-I]
correct ? [2013-II] (a) 7.75 (b) 7.5
(a) Ac Í Bc (b) Bc Í Ac (c) 7 (d) 5
196. The number 251 in decimal system is expressed in binary
(c) Ac = B c (d) A Í A Ç B system by : [2014-I]
186. What is the angle (in circular measure) between the hour hand (a) 11110111 (b) 11111011
and the minute hand of a clock when the time is half past 4 ? (c) 11111101 (d) 11111110
[2013-II]
p p DIRECTIONS (Qs. 197-199) : For the next three (03) items that follow:
(a) (b) In a survey of 25 students, it was found that 15 had taken
3 4
p Mathematics, 12 had taken Physics and 11 had taken Chemistry,
(c) (d) None of these 5 had taken Mathematics and Chemistry, 9 had taken Mathematics
6
187. Consider the following : [2013-II] and Physics, 4 had taken Physics and Chemistry and 3 had taken
1. A È ( B Ç C ) = ( A Ç B) È ( A Ç C ) all the three subjects. [2014-I]
197. The number of students who had taken only physics is :
2. A Ç ( B È C ) = ( A È B) Ç ( A È C ) (a) 2 (b) 3
Which of the above is/are correct ? (c) 5 (d) 6
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 198. The number of students who had taken only two subjects
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 is :
188. A number in binary system is 110001. It is equal to which (a) 7 (b) 8
one of the following numbers in decimal system ? (c) 9 (d) 10
[2013-II] 199. Consider the following statements :
(a) 45 (b) 46 1. The number of students who had taken only one
(c) 48 (d) 49 subject is equal to the number of students who had
189. If A = {1, 3, 5, 7}, then what is the cardinality of the power taken only two subjects.
set P(A)? [2013-II] 2. The number of students who had taken at least two
(a) 8 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) 17 subjects is four times the number of students who had
190. What is log81243 equal to ? [2013-II] taken all the three subjects.
(a) 0.75 (b) 1.25 Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(c) 1.5 (d) 3 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
191. Let X be the set of all citizens of India. Elements x, y in X are (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
said to be related if the difference of their age is 5 years. 200. Consider the following statements : [2014-I]
Which one of the following is correct ? [2014-I] 1. The function f (x) = sin x decreases on the interval
(a) The relation is an equivalence relation on X. (0, p/2).
(b) The relation is symmetric but neither reflexive nor 2. The function f (x) = cos x increases on the interval
transitive. (0, p/2).
(c) The relation is reflexive but neither, symmetric nor Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
transitive. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) None of the above (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
192. Consider the following relations from A to B where 201. The relation S is defined on the set of integers Z as xSy if
A = {u, v, w, x, y, z} and B = {p, q, r, s}. [2014-I] integer x devides integer y. Then [2014-II]
1. {(u, p), (v, p), (w, p), (x, q), (y, q), (z, q)} (a) s is an equivalence relation.
2. {(u, p), (v, q), (w, r), (z, s)} (b) s is only reflexive and symmetric.
3. {(u, s), (v, r), (w, q), (u, p), (v, q), (z, q),} (c) s is only reflexive and transitive.
4. {(u, q), (v, p), (w, s), (x, r), (y, q), (z, s),} (d) s is only symmetric and transitive.
Which of the above relations are not functions ? 202. What is (1001)2 equal to ? [2014-II]
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 4 (a) (5)10 (b) (9)10
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4 (c) (17)10 (d) (11)10
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-11

203. A and B are two sets having 3 elements in common. 213. Let X be the set of all persons living in Delhi. The persons a
If n(A) = 5, n(B) = 4, then what is n(A×B) equal to ? and b in X are said to be related if the difference in their ages
[2014-II] is at most 5 years. The relation is [2015-II]
(a) 0 (b) 9 (c) 15 (d) 20 (a) an equivalence relation
204. Let X be the set of all persons living in a city. Persons x, y (b) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
in X are said to be related as x < y if y is at least 5 years older (c) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
than x. Which one of the following is correct? [2015-I] (d) retlexive and symmetric but not transitive
(a) The relation is an equivalence relation on X 214. What is (1000000001)2 – (0.0101)2 equal to ? [2015-II]
(b) The relation is transitive but neither reflexive nor (a) (512.6775)10 (b) (512.6875)10
symmetric (c) (512.6975)10 (d) (512.0909)10
(c) The relation is reflexive but neither transitive nor 215. If A = |x Î IR : x2 + 6x – 7 < 0} and
symmetric B = {x Î IR : x2 + 9x + 14 > 0}, then which of the following
(d) The relation is symmetric but neither transitive nor is/ are correct? [2015-II]
reflexive 1. (A Ç B) = (–2, 1)
205. In a class of 60 students, 45 students like music, 50 students 2. (A\B) = (–7, –2)
like dancing, 5 students like neither. Then the number of Select the correct answer using the code given below:
students in the class who like both music and dancing is (a) 1 only (b) 2 Only
[2015-I]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 35 (b) 40 (c) 50 (d) 55
216. A, B, C and D are four sets such that A Ç B = C Ç D = f.
206. If log10 2, log10 (2x – 1) and log10 (2x + 3) are three
Consider the following : [2015-II]
consecutive terms of an A.P, then the value of x is
[2015-I] 1. A È C and B È D are always disjoint.
(a) 1 (b) log5 2 2. A Ç C and B Ç D are always disjoint
(c) log2 5 (d) log10 5 Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
207. Let Z be the set of integers and aRb, where a, b Î Z if and (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
only if (a – b) is divisible by 5. [2015-I] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Consider the following statements: 1 2
1. The relation R partitions Z into five equivalent classes. 217. If log8 m +1og8 = , then m is equal to [2015-II]
6 3
2. Any two equivalent classes are either equal or disjoint.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 24 (b) 18 (c) 12 (d) 4
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 218. f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) is true for all [2015-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) Polynomial functions f
208. Let A = {1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. Then the number of (b) Trigonometric functions f
subsets of A containing exactly two elements is [2015-I] (c) Exponential functions f
(a) 20 (b) 40 (d) Logarithmic functions f
(c) 45 (d) 90 219. Suppose there is a relation * between the positive numbers
209. The decimal number (127. 25)10, when converted to binary x and y given by x * y if and only if x £ y2 . Then which
nunber, takes the form [2015-I]
one of the following is correct? [2016-I]
(a) (1111111.11)2 (b) (1111110.01)2
(c) (1110111.11)2 (d) (1111111.01)2 (a) * is reflexive but not transitive and symmetric
210. If A = {x : x is a multiple of 3} and (b) * is transitive but not reflexive and symmetric
B = {x : x is a multiple of 4} and (c) * is symmetric and reflexive but not transitive
(d) * is symmetric and but not reflexive and transitive
C = {x : x is a multiple of 12}, then which one of the following
is a null set? [2015-I] æ x - x2 ö
220. If f (x1 ) - f (x 2 ) = f ç 1 ÷ for x1, x2 Î (–1, 1), then what
(a) ( A / B) È C (b) ( A / B) / C è 1 - x1 x 2 ø
is f(x) equal to? [2016-I]
(c) ( A Ç B) Ç C (d) ( A Ç B) / C
æ 1- x ö æ2+x ö
211. If (11101011)2 is converted decimal system, then the (a) ln ç ÷ (b) ln ç ÷
è1+ x ø è 1– x ø
resulting number is [2015-I]
æ1- x ö -1 æ 1 + x ö
(a) 235 (b) 175 (c) tan -1 ç ÷ (d) tan ç ÷
(c) 160 (d) 126 è1+ x ø è1- x ø
x2
212. For each non-zero real number x, let f ( x ) =
x
. The range 221. What is the range of the function y = ,where x ÎR?
|x| 1+ x2
[2016-I]
of f is [2015-I]
(a) [0, 1) (b) [0, 1] (c) (0, 1) (d) (0, 1]
(a) a null set
222. What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 0.3125?
(b) a set consisting of only one element
[2016-I]
(c) a set consisting of two elements
(a) 0.0111 (b) 0.1010
(d) a set consisting of infinitely many elements
(c) 0.0101 (d) 0.1101
 EBD_7346
M-12 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
223. Let R be a relation on the set N of natural numbers defined A Ç ( B' È C') = A È B È C
(c)
by ‘nRM Û n is a factor of m’. Then which one of the
following is correct? [2016-I] (d) A Ç (B' È C') = B' Ç C'
(a) R is reflexive, symmetric but not transitive
232. Let S be the set of all persons living in Delhi. We say that x,
(b) R is transitive, symmetric but not reflexive
y in S are related if they were born in Delhi on the same day.
(c) R is reflexive, transitive but not symmetric Which one of the following is correct? [2017-I]
(d) R is an equivalence relation
(a) The relation is an equivalent relation
224. What is the number of natural numbers less than or equal to
1000 which are neither divisible by 10 nor 15 nor 25? (b) The relation is not reflexive but it is symmetric and
transitive
[2016-I]
(a) 860 (b) 854 (c) 840 (d) 824 (c) The relation is not symmetric but it is reflexive and
225. If loga(ab) = x, then what is logb(ab) equal to? [2016-I] transitive
(d) The relation is not transitive but it is reflexive and
1 x symmetric
(a) (b)
x x +1 233. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. Then the number of
x x subsets of A containing two or three elements is [2017-I]
(c) (d)
1- x x -1 (a) 45 (b) 120 (c) 165 (d) 330
P 234. Three-digit numbers are formed from the digits 1, 2 and 3 in
226. Let S be a set of all distinct numbers of the form , where such a way that the digits are not repeated. What is the
Q sum of such three-digit numbers? [2017-I]
p, q Î {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} . What is the cardinality of the set S? (a) 1233 (b) 1322 (c) 1323 (d) 1332
[2016-II] 235. Consider the following in respect of sets A and B :
(a) 21 (b) 23 (c) 32 (d) 36 [2017-I]
1. (A – B) È B = A
227. If A = {x Î R : x 2 + 6x – 7 < 0} and 2. (A – B) È A = A
B = {x Î R : x 2 + 9x +14 > 0} , then which of the following 3. (A – B) Ç B = f
is/are correct? [2016-II] 4. A Í B Þ A È B = B
Which of the above are correct?
1. A Ç B = {X Î R : –2 < x < 1} (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
2. A \ B = {x Î R : –7 < x < –2} (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 236. In the binary equation [2017-I]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (1p101)2 + (10ql )2 = (100r00 )2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
228. Let R be a relation from A = {1, 2, 3, 4} to B = {1, 3, 5} such that where p, q and r are binary digits, what are the possible
R = [( a, b) :a < b, where a Î A and b Î B ]. What is RoR–1 values of p, q and r respectively?
equal to? [2016-II] (a) 0, 1, 0 (b) 1, 1, 0
(a) {(1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5)} (c) 0, 0, 1 (d) 1, 0, 1
(b) {(3, 1), (5, 1), (3, 2), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)} 237. If S = (x : x2 + 1 = 0, x is real), then S is [2017-I]
(c) {(3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 3), (5, 5)} (a) {–1} (b) {0}
(d) {(3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)} (c) {1} (d) an empty set
229. If the number 235 in decimal system is converted into binary 238. The mean weight of 150 students in a certain class is 60 kg.
system, then what is the resulting number ? [2016-II] The mean weight of boys in the class is 70 kg and that of
(a) (11110011)2 (b) (11101011)2 girls is 55 kg. What is the number of boys in the class?
(c) (11110101)2 (d) (11011011)2 [2017-I]
230. In an examination, 70% students passed in Physics, 80% (a) 50 (b) 55 (c) 60 (d) 100
students passed in Chemistry, 75% students passed in
Mathematics and 85% students passed in Biology, and x%
students failed in all the four subjects. What is the minimum
( )
239. If x + log10 1 + 2x = x log10 5 + log10 6 then x is equal to

value of x ? [2016-II] [2017-II]

(a) 10 (b) 12 (a) 2, –3 (b) 2 only
(c) 15 (d) None of the above (c) 1 (d) 3
231. A coin is tossed three times. Consider the following events: 240. The remainder and the quotient of the binary division
A: No head appears (101110)2 ¸ (110)2 are respectively [2017-II]
B: Exactly one head appears (a) (111)2 and (100)2 (b) (100)2 and (111)2
C: At least two heads appear (c) (101)2 and (101)2 (d) (100)2 and (100)2
Which one of the following is correct? [2016-II] 241. If E is the universal set and A = B È C, then the set E – (E –
(a) ( A È B) Ç ( A È C) = B È C (E – (E – (E – A)))) is same as the set [2017-II]
(a) B' È C' (b) B È C
(b) ( A Ç B') È ( A Ç C ') = B' È C' (c) B' Ç C' (d) B Ç C
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-13

242. If A = {x : x is a multiple of 2}, B = {x : x is a multiple of 5} and 253. If 0 < a < 1, the value of log10 a is negative. This is justified
C = {x : x is a multiple of 10}, then A Ç ( B Ç C) is equal to by [2018-I]
[2017-II] (a) Negative power of 10 is less than 1
(a) A (b) B (b) Negative power of 10 is between 0 and 1
(c) C (d) {x : x is a multiple of 100} (c) Negative power of 10 is positive
243. If we define a r elation R on the set N × N as (d) Negative power of 10 is negative
(a, b) R (c, d) Û a + d = b + c for all (a, b), (c, d) Î N × N, then 254. A train covers the first 5 km of its journey at a speed of 30
the relation is: [2017-II] km/hr and the next 15 km at a speed of 45 km/hr. What is the
(a) symmetric only average speed of the train? [2018-I]
(b) symmetric and transitive only (a) 35 km/hr (b) 37.5 km/hr
(c) equivalence relation (c) 39.5 km/hr (d) 40 km/hr
(d) reflexive only
244. If n = (2017)!, then what is [2018-I] 255. What is the value of log7 log7 7 7 7 equal to?
1 1 1 1 [2018-II]
+ + + .... + (a) 3 log2 7 (b) 1 – 3 log2 7
log 2 n log 3 n log 4 n log 2017 n
equal to? 7
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1 – 3 log7 2 (d)
8
n 256. If A, B and C are subsets of a Universal set, then which one
(c) (d) n
2 of the following is not correct? [2018-II]
245. Let A and B be subsets of X and C = (A Ç B') È (A' Ç B),
(a) A È ( B Ç C) = ( A È B) Ç ( A È C)
where A' and B' are complements of A and B respectively in
X. What is C equal to? [2018-I] (b) A 'È ( A È B) = ( B'Ç A ) 'È A
(a) (A È B') – (A Ç B') (b) (A' ÈB) – (A' Ç B)
(c) (A È B) – (A Ç B) (d) (A' È B') – (A' Ç B') (c) A 'È (B È C) = ( C'Ç B) 'Ç A
246. If x + log15 (1 + 3x) = x log155 + log1512, where x is an
integer, then what is x equal to? [2018-I] (d) ( A Ç B) È C = (A È C) Ç ( B È C)
(a) –3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3 Where A' is the complement of A.
DIRECTION (Qs. 247-248) : Consider the information given 257. Let x be the number of integers lying between 2999 and 8001
below and answer the two items (02) that follow: which have at least two digits equal. Then x is equal to
In a class, 54 students are good in Hindi only, 63 students are [2018-II]
good in Mathematics only and 41 students are good in English (a) 2480 (b) 2481 (c) 2482 (d) 2483
only. There are 18 students who are good in both Hindi and DIRECTION (Qs. 258-259) : Consider the information given
Mathematics. 10 students are good in all three subjects. [2018-I] below and answer the two (02) items that follow:
247. What is the number of students who are good in either A survey was conducted among 300 students. If was found that
Hindi or Mathematics but not in English? 125 students like to play cricket, 145 students like to play football
(a) 99 (b) 107 (c) 125 (d) 130 and 90 students like to play tennis, 32 students like to play exactly
248. What is the number of students who are good in Hindi and two games out of the three games. [2018-II]
Mathematics but not in English?
258. How many students like to play all the three games?
(a) 18 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 8
(a) 14 (b) 21 (c) 28 (d) 35
249. The binary number expression of the decimal number 31 is
259. How many students like to play exactly only one game?
[2018-I]
(a) 1111 (b) 10111 (c) 11011 (d) 11111 (a) 196 (b) 228 (c) 254 (d) 268
260. What is the value of log9 27 + log8 32? [2018-II]
1 1 1 1
250. What is log N + log N + log N + .... + log N equal 7 19
2 3 4 100
(a) (b)
2 6
to (N ¹ 1)? [2018-I] (c) 4 (d) 7
1 1 261. The sum of the binary numbers (11011)2, (10110110)2 and
(a) log N (b) log N (10011x0y)2 is the binary number (101101101)2. What are the
100! 99!
values of x and y? [2018-II]
99 99 (a) x = 1, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 0
(c) log100! N (d) log99! N (c) x = 0, y = 1 (d) x = 0, y = 0
251. What is the greatest integer among the following by which 262. If (0.2)x = 2 and log10 2 = 0.3010, then what is the value of x to
the number 55 + 75 is divisible? [2018-I] the nearest tenth? [2018-II]
(a) 6 (b) 8 (a) – 10.0 (b) – 0.5 (c) – 0.4 (d) – 0.2
(c) 11 (d) 12 263. Suppose X = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R is a relation on X. If
252. A survey of 850 students in a University yields that 680 R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3). (3, 2)}, then which
students like music and 215 like dance. What is the least one of the following is correct? [2019-I]
number of students who like both music and dance?[2018-I] (a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive
(a) 40 (b) 45 (c) 50 (d) 55 (b) R is symmetric and transitive, but not reflexive
 EBD_7346
M-14 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
(c) R is reflexiveand transitive, but not symmetric 267. If A = {l, (l, m)}, then the power set of A is [2019-I]
(d) R is neither reflexive nor transitive, but symmetric (a) {f, {f}, {l}, {l, m}}
264. A relation R is defined on the set N of natural numbers as (b) {f, {l}, {{l, m}}, {l, {l, m}}}
xRy Þ x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0, Then which one of the following is (c) {f, {l}, {l, m}, {l, {l, m}}}
correct ? [2019-I] (d) {{l}, {l, m}, {l, {l, m}}}
(a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive DIRECTION (Qs. 268-269) : Consider the following for the
(b) R is reflexive and transitive, but not symmetric next 02 (two) items that follow:
(c) R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive In a school, all the students play at least one of three indoor
(d) R is reflexive, but neither symmetric nor transitive games - chess, carrom and table tennis, 60 play chess, 50 play
265. Consider the following statements for the two non-empty table tennis, 48 play carrom, 12 play chess and carrom, 15 play
sets A and B : carrom and table tennis, 20 play table tennis and chess.
(1) (A I B) U (A I B) U (A I B) = A U B 268. What can be the minimum number of students in the school?
[2019-I]
(2) (A U (A I B)) = A U B (a) 123 (b) 111 (c) 95 (d) 63
269. What can be the maximum number of students in the school ?
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? [2019-I]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 111 (b) 123 (c) 125 (d) 135
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 270. If f(x) = log10 (1 + x), then what is 4 f(4) + 5f(1) – log10 2 equal
to ? [2019-I]
266. Let X be a non-empty set and let A, B, C be subsets of X. (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
Consider the following statments : 271. For r > 0, f(r) is the ratio of perimeter to area of a circle of
(1) A Ì C Þ (A I B) Ì (C I B)(A U B) Ì (C I B) radius r. Then f(1) + f(2) is equal to [2019-I]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(2) (A U B) Ì (C I B) for all sets B Þ A Ì C 272. In a circle of diameter 44 cm, the length of a chord is 22 cm.
What is the length of minor arc of the chord ? [2019-I]
(3) (A U B) Ì (C U B) for all sets B Þ A Ì C
484 242
Which of the above statements are correct ? (a) cm (b) cm
21 21
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 44
121
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) cm (d) cm
21 7

AN SWER KEY
1 (c) 24 (b) 47 (c) 70 (a) 93 (b) 116 (d) 139 (a) 162 (a) 185 (b) 208 (c) 231 (d) 254 (d)
2 (d) 25 (d) 48 (b) 71 (c) 94 (c) 117 (d) 140 (a) 163 (b) 186 (b) 209 (d) 232 (a) 255 (c)
3 (a) 26 (d) 49 (d) 72 (c) 95 (a) 118 (a) 141 (c) 164 (b) 187 (d) 210 (d) 233 (c) 256 (c)
4 (b) 27 (c) 50 (d) 73 (d) 96 (d) 119 (a) 142 (a) 165 (c) 188 (d) 211 (a) 234 (d) 257 (b)
5 (d) 28 (b) 51 (c) 74 (d) 97 (d) 120 (a) 143 (d) 166 (d) 189 (c) 212 (c) 235 (b) 258 (a)
6 (d) 29 (d) 52 (b) 75 (c) 98 (c) 121 (b) 144 (d) 167 (c) 190 (b) 213 (d) 236 (a) 259 (c)
7 (b) 30 (d) 53 (a) 76 (a) 99 (b) 122 (d) 145 (c) 168 (c) 191 (b) 214 (b) 237 (d) 260 (b)
8 (b) 31 (b) 54 (d) 77 (c) 100 (d) 123 (c) 146 (c) 169 (a) 192 (c) 215 (a) 238 (a) 261 (b)
9 (a) 32 (d) 55 (a) 78 (c) 101 (c) 124 (b) 147 (a) 170 (d) 193 (c) 216 (b) 239 (c) 262 (c)
10 (c) 33 (b) 56 (d) 79 (a) 102 (b) 125 (c) 148 (c) 171 (d) 194 (a) 217 (a) 240 (b) 263 (d)
11 (b) 34 (d) 57 (a) 80 (b) 103 (d) 126 (c) 149 (d) 172 (c) 195 (c) 218 (d) 241 (c) 264 (d)
12 (d) 35 (a) 58 (d) 81 (b) 104 (c) 127 (a) 150 (b) 173 (b) 196 (b) 219 (a) 242 (c) 265 (a)
13 (d) 36 (a) 59 (c) 82 (a) 105 (c) 128 (a) 151 (d) 174 (d) 197 (a) 220 (a) 243 (c) 266 (b)
14 (d) 37 (b) 60 (d) 83 (a) 106 (b) 129 (c) 152 (b) 175 (c) 198 (c) 221 (a) 244 (b) 267 (b)
15 (b) 38 (c) 61 (b) 84 (c) 107 (c) 130 (b) 153 (c) 176 (c) 199 (b) 222 (c) 245 (c) 268 (b)
16 (c) 39 (a) 62 (c) 85 (a) 108 (a) 131 (c) 154 (a) 177 (c) 200 (d) 223 (c) 246 (c) 269 (b)
17 (b) 40 (a) 63 (c) 86 (a) 109 (d) 132 (d) 155 (d) 178 (c) 201 (c) 224 (b) 247 (c) 270 (d)
18 (c) 41 (b) 64 (b) 87 (c) 110 (d) 133 (b) 156 (b) 179 (c) 202 (b) 225 (d) 248 (d) 271 (c)
19 (c) 42 (b) 65 (a) 88 (d) 111 (d) 134 (d) 157 (d) 180 (a) 203 (d) 226 (b) 249 (d) 272 (a)
20 (b) 43 (b) 66 (c) 89 (b) 112 (b) 135 (b) 158 (a) 181 (c) 204 (b) 227 (c) 250 (a)
21 (d) 44 (c) 67 (c) 90 (c) 113 (b) 136 (d) 159 (d) 182 (d) 205 (b) 228 (c) 251 (d)
22 (b) 45 (b) 68 (b) 91 (c) 114 (c) 137 (d) 160 (a) 183 (c) 206 (c) 229 (c) 252 (b)
23 (c) 46 (c) 69 (b) 92 (b) 115 (a) 138 (b) 161 (b) 184 (c) 207 (c) 230 (d) 253 (b)
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-15

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) U = {x : x5 – 6x4 + 11x3 – 6x2 = 0} Then drawing these sets on a Venn-diagram, four
Solving for values of x, we get regions are created as shown in the figure :
= {0, 1, 2, 3}
A = {x : x2 – 5x + 6 = 0} A B
Solving for values of x, we get
= {2, 3} a b c
and B = {x : x2 – 3x + 2 = 0}
Solving for values of x, we get
d U
= {2, 1}
A Ç B = {2} B º regions b, c
\ (A Ç B)' = U – (A Ç B ) B' º regions a, d
= {0, 1, 2, 3} – {2} = {0, 1, 3} A º regions a, b
2. (d) If A denotes the collection of all complex number whose A' º regions c, d
square is a negative real number, then A – B º region a
Square of a complex number is a negative real number B – A º region c
only if it has no real part and has only imaginary part. B' – A' º region a
Hence, A = {iy : y Î R} A' – B' º region c
3. (a) Q R is a relation defined on the set Z of integers as B – A' º region b
follows: A' – B º region d
mRn Û m + n is odd From these we check the operations given in the choice.
choices (a), (b) and (c) are correct
(1) Then, mRm = 2m and nRn = 2n are not odd multiples of
(d) LHS = region a Ç c = f
2 are not odd. Thus, it is not reflexive.
RHS = region b È region d = b, d.
(2) If m and n are numbers such that mRn Û m + n is odd.
So, for (d) LHS ¹ RHS
Thus, nRm Û n + m is odd. 7. (b) We take option (a) : x3 – 8x2 + 19x – 12 = 0
\ This relation is symmetric. Þ (x – 1) (x2 – 7x + 12) = 0
(3) mRn = m + n, if there is third number p and
Þ (x – 1) (x – 3) (x – 4) = 0
nRp = n + p is odd. (for ex: 2 + 3 = 5 is odd 3 + 4 = 7 is
odd. But, 2 + 4 = 6 is not odd.) Then mRp = m + p may Þ x = 1, 3, 4
not be odd. So, this relation is not transitive. Thus, it is not a set of elements as odd positive integers.
4. (b) A and B are subsets of X and its, Venn diagram is (b) x3 – 9x2 + 23x – 15 = 0
shown. Þ (x – 1) (x2 – 8x + 15) = 0
Þ (x – 1) (x – 3) (x – 5) = 0
Þ x = 1, 3, 5
A B
Thus, S will be a set of elements as odd positive
a b c integers.
8. (b) aRb means b lives with one km from a, and bRa means
a lives within one km from b but distance from a to b =
d x distance from b to a.
So, R is symmetric.
A – B indicates region a, B – A indicates c, A È B
9. (a) Number of elements in X, is n, then the number of
indicates a, b, c.
relations on X means, number of elements of cartesian
If a, c º a, b, c indicates, the b is zero. A and B are
product X × X.
mutually exclusive. So, when
Since, n (X) = n.
(A – B) È (B – A) = A È B
So, n (X × X) = n.n
A Ì (X – B)
5. (d) A = {(n, 2n) : n Î N} and B = {(2n, 3n)}: n Î N then the total number of relations is 2n.n = 2n
2

Listing few members of each set

10. (c) As given A = {(x, y)| x + y £ 4}
A = {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6),....}
B = {(2, 3), (4, 6), (6, 9)......} and B = {(x, y)| x + y £ 0}
There is no member common to both these sets, hence. Set A contains all the pairs in the interval (– µ, 2) and set
A ÇB= f B contains all the pairs in the interval (– µ, 0 ) so, A Ç B
6. (d) Let there be two sets A and B and universal set of A shows a set containing all the pairs in the interval [–µ, 0]
and B, be U. So, A Ç B = {(x, y) | x + y £ 0}
 EBD_7346
M-16 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
11. (b) Total number of students = 500 C has regions d, e, f, g
Let H be the set showing number of students who can C' has regions a, b, c, h
speak Hindi = 475 and B be the set showing number of B' has regions a, d, g, h
students who can speak Bengali = 200 Statement (a) : A È (B – C) = A Ç (B Ç C)
So, n (H) = 475 and n (B) = 200 and given that n (B È LHS º (a, b, e, d) È b, c º a, b, c, d, e.
H) = 500 RHS º a, b, d, e Ç e, f º e,
we have So, statement (a) is not correct.
n (B È H) = n (B) + n (H) – n (B Ç H) Statement (b) : A – (B È C) = (A Ç B') Ç C'
Þ 500 = 200 + 475 – n (B Ç H) LHS º (a, b, d, e) – (b, c, d, e, f, g) º a.
so, n (B Ç H) = 175 RHS º (a, b, d, e Ç a, d, g, h) Ç (a, b, c, h) º a,
Hence, persons who speak Hindi only = n (H) – n (B Ç H) So, statement (b) is correct.
= 475 – 175 = 300 Correct statement is :
12. (d) The correct relations as per De Morgan's theorem is A – (B È C) = (A Ç B') Ç C'
(R1 Ç R2)–1 = R1–1 È R2–1 18. (c) The maximum three digit integer in decimal system
13. (d) Converting from binary to decimal = 999. We go on dividing till we get a dividend < 2 and
(1001)2 = 1 × 23 + 20 = 8 + 1 = 9 write remainders from last to first as shown below:
(11)2 = 21 + 20 = 2 + 1 = 3
(101)2 = 22 + 20 = 4 + 1 = 5 2 999
(10)2 = 21 = 2
2 499 1
and (01)2 = 1
2 249 1
(1001)2(11) 2 - (101)2(11) 2 2 124 1
\ (10)2 (01)2 (01)2 (10) 2 62 0
(1001)2 + (1001)2 (101)2 + (101)2 2
2 31 0
93 - 53 2 15 1
= 2 7 1
92 + 9 ´ 5 + 5 2
2 3 1
(9 - 5) (92 + 9 ´ 5 + 52 ) 4 ´ (81 + 45 + 25) 1 1
= =
2
(9 + 9 ´ 5 + 5 ) 2 (81 + 45 + 25)
= 4 = (100)2 [Converting from decimal to binary] Hence, (999)10 = (1111100111)2
14. (d) All statements are correct. 19. (c) The largest four digit number in binary system is 1111
15. (b) If A, B and C are any three arbitrary events occurrence which is equivalent to 15 in decimal system and smallest
five digit number in binary system is 10000 which is
of both A and B is given by A Ç B and non-occurrence
equivalent to 16 in decimal system.
of C as C then the event both A and B occur but not C Difference between numbers = 16 – 15 = 1
is represented by A Ç B Ç C. Which is the greatest one digit binary integer.
16. (c) Given that P = {p1, p2, p3, p4} 20. (b) Given that F(n) = set of all divisors of n except 1
Q = {q1, q2, q3, q4} \ F(20) = {2, 4, 5, 10, 20}
and R = {r 1, r2, r3, r4} and F(16) = {2, 4, 8, 16}
S10 = {p2, q4, r4), (p3, q3, r4), (p3, q4, r3), \ F(20) Ç F(16) = {2, 4, 5, 10, 20} Ç {2, 4, 8, 16}
(p4, q2, r4), = {2, 4}
(p4, q3, r3), (p4, q4, r2)} Also, {F(20) Ç F(16)} Í F(y)
\ Total number of elements in S10 are 6. So, least value of y = 2
17. (b) Let a Venn-diagram be drawn taking three intersecting 21. (d) The given relation is
sets A, B and C under a universal set U. This makes 8 aRb Û a + 2b, is an integral multiple of 3.
regions a to h as shown. In this relation
aRa Û a + 2a = 3a, an integral multiple of 3. So, it is
reflexive
A B
aRb Û a + 2b and
a b c bRa = b + 2a + 4b – 4b
e = 2(a + 2b) – 3b is also an integral multiple of 3.
d f
So, it is symmetric.
g Let there be another value c, bRc = b + 2c, be an integral
C h U multiple of 3.
Then aRc = a + 2c
A has regions a, b, d, e
So, aRb + bRc =a + 2b + b + 2c = a + 2c + 3b is integral
B has regions b, c, e, f
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-17

multiple of 3, hence, a + 2c is also integral multiple of 3 RHS º a, d, È a, b º a, b, d.

so, aRb and bRc Þ aRc. So, it is transitive. So, statement (1) is not correct.
Therefore, relation is reflexive, symmetric as well as Statement (2) : A – B = A – (A Ç B)
transitive. Hence, R is an equivalence relation. LHS º region a, d.
22. (b) A Venn diagram is drawn for 3 intersecting set A, B, C RHS º region a, b, c, d – (region b, c,) = a, d.
under a universal set U; creating 8 regions in total So, statement (2) is correct.
named, a to h as shown Statement (3): A = (A Ç B) È (A – B)
LHS º regions a, b, c, d.
A B RHS = regions b, c, È region a, d º a, b, c, d so,
d statement (3) is correct.
a e
25. (d) There are infinitely many rational numbers between
c two distinct integers, so, statement 1 is correct. Same
b f
g is true in case of two distinct rational numbers and real
C numbers. So, statement (2) and (3) are also correct.
h
26. (d) The shaded region represents (P Ç Q) È (P Ç R).
Statement P: A Ç (B È C) = (A Ç B) È C Let the intersecting sets P, Q, R divide it into 7 regions
LHS º a, b, c, d, Ç (b, c, d, e, f, g, ) º b, c, d. marked, a to g as shown below.
RHS º (c, d) È ( b, c, f, g) = b, c, d, f, g P
If P is correct then region f, g do not lie in set C and set
Q
C has regions b, c only. a b
g
This follows that C is subset of A. Since, Set A has d fc
regions a, b, c, d and C has regions b, c.
Thus, P Þ Q. e
R
Also, if C is a subset of A, Q is true, then the Venn
diagram appears as below: The shaded part contains regions b, c, and d.
{A Ç (B È C)} (a) (P È Q) -(P Ç Q) º regions a, b, c, d, f, g, – b, c
º a, d, f, g, . not correct.
A (b) (P Ç (Q Ç R) º a, b, c, d, Ç c, f º c not correct.
a (c) (P Ç Q) Ç (P Ç R) º regions b, c, Ç region, c, d º c, so
d
b c e not correct
C B (d) (P Ç Q) È (P Ç R) º regions b, c, È c, d º b, c, d so
correct.
LHS of P statement gives 27. (c) Given that ax = b , by = c, cz = a
region a, b, c, d Ç region b, c, d, e º b, c, d. Þ cz = byz = a Þ byz = axyz = a
RHS: {(A Ç B) È C} gives : region c, d, È region b,c. Þ xyz =1
º b, c, d 1 æ1 1 1ö
and LHS = RHS shows Q Þ P, Now, ç + + ÷
(xy + yz + zx) è x y z ø
Comparing both gives P Û Q.
23. (c) X = {x : x > 0, x2 < 0} 1 æ xy + yz + zx ö 1
We know that the square of each number greater than = ç ÷= =1
(xy + yz + zx) è xyz ø xyz
zero is always greater than zero. So, X contains no
member and so, X is null set but a well defined set. 28. (b) Given that 2x = 3y = 12z = k
Also, Y = {flower, Churchill, Moon, Kargil} is well Taking log2 on both the sides
defined. So, Y is also a well defined set. x = log2 k, y = log3 k and z = log12 k
24. (b) A Venn diagram of the three non-empty and intersecting x + 2y log 2 k + 2 log 3 k
sets is drawn, dividing into 7 regions, a to g as shown =
xy log 2 k log 3 k
below and consider statements one by one.
Statement (1): A– (B È C) = (A – B) È (A – C) 1 2
= +
log3 k log 2 k
A B
a b = log k 3 + 2 log k 2 = log k 3 + log k 4
c 1 1
d f = log k 12 = =
g log12 k z
C U 29. (d) Number of subsets of X containing less than 5 elements
is given by
LHS º regions a, b, c, d – b, c, d, e, f, g º a.
 EBD_7346
M-18 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
n Statement 1: A – (B – C) = (A – B) È C
C0 + n C1 + n C2 +n C3 + n C 4
LHS represent region a, RHS represents a, d, g.
4 4 Hence, this is not correct.
å n Cr = å C (n, r) Statement 2: A – (B È C)= (A – B) – C
LHS represents, region 'a' RHS also represents a.
r =0 r =0
Hence, only statement 2 is correct.
30. (d) In the given sets, the set of all primes is an infinite set.
38. (c) R is defined over the set of non negative integers,
31. (b) 0.2 + 0.23 x2 + y2 = 36
2 23 22 + 23 45 Þ y = 36 - x 2 = (6 - x)(6 + x), x = 0 or 6
= + = = = 0.45
9 99 99 99 for x = 0, y = 6 and for x = 6, y = 0
32. (d) Given: 3(x – 1) + 3(x +1) = 30 So, y is 6 or 0
3x so, R = {(6, 0), (0, 6)}
Þ + 3.3x = 30 ...(i) 39. (a) Statement 1: Let l, m, n are parallel line and R is a relation.
3
\ l || l, then R is reflexive.
Multiplying both the sides by 3 in equation (i)
and l || m and m || l, the R is symmetric.
3x + 32 .3x = 90
also l || m, m || n Þ l || n, then R is transitive.
Þ 3x + 3x + 2 = 90
Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
33. (b) f(q) = 0, if q is an integral multiple of p. From – 100p
Statement 2: x is father of y then x is not the father of x,
to 0p there are 101 values of q for which f(q) = 0.
From p to 1000p, there are 1000 values for which f(q) so relation is not reflexive.
=0 Also, x is father of y but y is not father of x, so it is not
so, total values number is 101 + 1000 = 1101 symmetric.
And x is father of y and y is father of z does not imply
34. (d) Q A È B = B Ç C
that x is father of z so, it is not transitive too. So, this is
Since union of A È B is same as infersection B Ç C
not an equivalence relation. so, only statement 1 is
where ABC are non-empty subsets of X, strongest
correct.
inference is A Í B Í C which can be shown in Venn 40. (a) 111101 = 1 × 25 + 1 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 20
diagram as below : = 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 61
C Which is a prime number.
A
(b) 111010 = 1 × 25 + 1 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 21
B
= 32 + 16 + 8 + 2 = 58
Which is not a prime number.
35. (a) Since µ is universal set (c) 111111 = 1 × 25 + 1 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 20
and P Í µ, P – µ = f and µ – P = P' = 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 63
So, (P – µ) È (µ – P) = f È P' = P' Which is not a prime number.
Now, P Ç {P – µ) È (µ – P)} = P Ç P' = f (d) 100011 = 1 × 25 + 1 × 21 + 1 × 20
36. (a) As given : µ = the set of all triangles = 32 + 2 + 1 = 35
P = the set of all isosceles triangles Which is not a prime number
Q = the set of all equilateral triangles Thus, option (a) is correct.
R = the set of all right angled triangles 41. (b) 1001.01= 1 × 23 + 1 × 20 + 1 × 2–2,
\ P Ç Q represents the set of isosceles triangles and corresponding to number of base 10.
R – P represents the set of non-isosceles right angled
1 37
triangles. =8+1+ = = 9.25
37. (b) Let there be three non empty, non overlapping sets; 4 4
inside a universal set U. This creates 8 regions marked and 11.1 = 1 × 21 + 1 × 20 + 1× 2 –1
as: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h. 1 7
=2+1+ = = 3.5
2 2
U
Corresponding to the number of base 10.
\ 1001.01 × 11.1 = 9.25 × 3.5 = 32.375
A a b c B From decimal to binary
(32)10 = (100000)2
e and (.375)10 = 0.25 + 0.125
d f
1 1
g = + = 1 × 2–2 + 1 × 2–3 = (0.011)2
4 8
\ (32.375)10 = (100000.011)2
C h
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-19

42. (b) An equation of the form ax +by + cz = d, where a, b, c, (iii) Transitive

d are real number, not all zero, is linear. We check for the same, one by -one
Þ 2x + y – z = 5 x, y Î N Þ x > 0, y > 0
and px + y – ez = log 3 are linear. R = {(x, y) | xy > 0, x, y, Î N}
43. (b) Q (10101)2 = 24 × 1 + 0 ×23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 2 + 1× 20 (i) Reflexive
= 16 + 4 + 1 = 21 Q x, y Î N
and (1101)2 = 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1× 20 \ x, x, Î N Þ x2 > 0
= 8 + 4 + 1 = 13 \ R is reflexive
\ (10101)2 × (1101)2 = 21 × 13 (ii) Symmetric
= 273 = 256 + 16 +1 = 28 +24 +20 Q x, y Î N
So, there will be 1 at 9th , 5th and first place from right and xy > 0 Þ yx > 0
and zero at other places \ R is also symmetric
So, (273)10 = (100010001)2 (iii) Transitive
44. (c) We draw the Venn diagram, Q x, y, z Î N
Þ xy > 0, yz > 0 Þ xz > 0
A B \ R is also transtive.
Conclusion : R is an equivalence relation.
50. (d) The given logarithm expression
A–B BÇ A B–A log 27 9 log16 64
log 4 2
is simplified as :

A – B = A – (A Ç B) and B – A = B – (A Ç B) log 9 log 64 log 4

´ ´
A– B= B –A log 27 log16 log 2
Þ A– (A Ç B) = B – (A Ç B) 2 log 3 6 log 2 2 log 2
Þ A=B = ´ ´
3log 3 4 log 2 1
45. (b) The given number log 2
2
3
2+ 5 +3 2- 5 2 6
can be written as : =´ ´4= 4
3 4
= (2 + 5)1/ 3 + (2 - 5)1/ 3 51. (c) Elements of a population are classified according to
the presence or absence of each of 3 attributes A, B
1/ 3 1/ 3 and C. Then, the smallest number of smallest ultimate
é 1 ù é 1 ù
= 21/ 3 ê1 + 5ú + 21/ 3 ê1 - 5ú classes into which the population is divided, is 23= 8
ë 2 û ë 2 û
53. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation
é 1 1 ù of A.
= 21/ 3 ê1 + 5 + ... + 1 - 5 + ...ú 54. (d) Given equation is :
ë 6 6 û
Thus the given number is a rational number but not an log10 {999 + x 2 - 3x + 3} = 3
integer.
46. (c) For subsets A and B of U, Þ 999 + x 2 - 3x + 3 = 103 = 1000
If (A – B) È (B – A) = A,
Þ B = f. Þ x 2 - 3x + 3 = 1
47. (c) From the given data Þ x2 – 3x + 3 = 1
n (U) = 700, n (A) = 200, n (B) = 300 and x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
n (A Ç B) = 100. Þ x2 – 2x – x + 2 = 0
We know that, Þ x (x – 2) – 1(x – 2)= 0
n(A È B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A Ç B) Þ (x – 1) (x – 2) = 0
= 200 + 300 – 100 = 400 Þ x = 1, 2.
Now, n(A¢ Ç B¢) = Ç(A È B)¢ = n(U) – n(A È B) 55. (a) Q f (x) = tan x
= 700 – 400 = 300
48. (b) In the given Venn diagram shaded region is æ p p ö
f (x) is increasing in the interval ç – , ÷
C È (C¢ Ç A Ç B) è 2 2ø
49. (d) A relation is equivalent if it is
æ p p ö
(i) Reflexive Hence, f (x) is injective in the interval ç – , ÷
(ii) Symmetric and è 2 2ø
 EBD_7346
M-20 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
56. (d) When f (x) = ex Þ A Ç B Ç C = {x Î R : – 7 £ x < 4}
f (x) ¹ 0, "x Î R Hence, – 7 Î (A Ç B Ç C)
Þ An exponential function is never zero. 65. (a) A È P(A) = P(A) is correct.
57. (a) Since x2 < 0 is not possible for real numbers. A is true. Since A is a subset of its power set.
Since x2 > 0 for "x Î R . Both (A) and (R) are true and
1
(R) is the correct explanation of (A). 66. (c) f ( x2 ) + 2 = x2 + +2
58. (d) For reflexive : x2
aRa Þ a divides a 2
\ R is reflexive. æ 1ö
= ç x + ÷ = { f ( x)}2
For symmetric : è xø
aRb Þ a divides b
bRa Þ b divides a and f (x3 ) + 3 f ( x)
which may not be true 3
Þ R is not symmetric. 3 1 æ 1ö æ 1ö 3
= x + 3 + 3 ç x + ÷ = ç x + ÷ = { f ( x)}
For transitive x è x ø è x ø
aRB Þ a divides b Þ b = ka Thus, both 1 and 2 are correct.
bRc Þ b divides c Þ c = lb 67. (c) Since, set A contains 4 elements, then number of
Now, c = lka elements in P(A) = 24 = 16
Þ a divides c So, the number of elements in A × P(A) = 4 × 16 = 64
Þ a Rc 68. (b) Let A, B, C be three sets such that AÈB = AÈ C and
Þ aRb, bRc Þ c R a A Ç B = A Ç C.
Þ R is transitive. Let x Î AÈ B Þ x Î A or x Î B …(1)
59. (c) Given equation is : Since, A È B = A È C there fore
10log10 |x| =2 x Î A or x Î C …(2)
Taking log10 on both sides Also, Given A Ç B = A Ç C
\ x Î A Ç B Þ x Î A and x Î B …(3)
Þ log10 | x |= log10 2 and x Î A and x Î C (Q A Ç B = A Ç C) …(4)
Þ| x |= 2 Thus, from (1), (2), (3), and (4), we have B = C only
Þ x = 2 or – 2 69. (b) (2 + 2)2 = 4 + 2 + 4 2 = 6 + 4 2
60. (d) Both statements are incorrect. So, it is an irrational number
61. (b) In the given Venn diagram, shaded region shows
(A È B) Ç C. 70. (a) A Ç ( A 'È B ) = A Ç A ' = f
62. (c) Let binary number 0.1111111... = x 71. (c) Following venn diagram shows the relation
A – (B–C)
1 1 1 1
Þ x = 2–1 + 2–2 + 2–3 +.... ¥ = + + + + .....¥
2 4 8 16 A
B
1
This is an infinite G.P. series with first term = and
2
1 C
common ratio =
2 In the above venn diagram, horizontal lines shows
1/ 2 1/ 2 (A–B) and vertical lines show (A Ç C)
Þ x= = =1
1 1/ 2 \(A - B) È (A Ç C) = A - (B - C)
1-
2
72. (c) On applying Demorgan’s law, we get
63. (c) The given binary number 10001100 = 1 × 27 + 1 × 23 + 1
A Ç (A È B)¢ = A Ç (A¢ Ç B¢)
× 22
= 128 + 8 + 4 = 140 (decimal numbers) On applying associative law, we get,
and 1101101 = 1 × 26 + 1 × 25 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 20 = (A Ç A¢ ) Ç B¢ = f Ç B¢ = f
= 64 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 109 73. (d) If the relation is defined by option (d), then each 1, 2
their difference = 140 – 109 = 31 and 3 has two images. So, it is not a function.
64. (b) Given sets in set builder form are : 74. (d) Since, 3 Î A
A = {x Î R : – 9 £ x < 4} but (3, 3) Ï R
B = {x Î R : – 13 < x 5} So, it is not reflexive.
and C = {x Î R : – 7 £ x £ 8} and (3, 4) Î R and (4, 3) ÎR
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-21

but (3, 3) Ï R 84. (c) Let A = {a, b, c} and

So, it is also not transitive. R = {(a, a), (a, b), (b, c), (b, b), (c, c), (c, a)}
Hence, R is neither reflexive nor transitive. Since, (a, a), (b, b), (c, c) Î R
75. (c) We know \ R is reflexive relation.
But (a, b) Î R and (b, a) Ï R.
X -Y = X ÇY '
\ R is not symmetric relation.
( X - Y ) ' = ( X Ç Y ') ' Also, (a, b), (b, c) Î R
= X 'È (Y ') ' = X 'È Y Þ (c, a) Î R But (a, c) Ï R
76. (a) Work with option \ R is not transitive relations.
(0.1101)2 = 1 × 2–1 + 1 × 2–2 + 1 × 2–4 85. (a) Let log10 (x + 1) + log10 5 = 3
Þ log10 5(x + 1) = 3 ( Q log m + log n = log mn)
1 1 1 13 Þ 5 (x + 1) = 103
= + + = = (0.8125) .
2 4 16 16 10
1000
Hence option (a) gives the binary equivalent of given Þ ( x + 1) = = 200
5
decimal number.
Þ x = 200 – 1 = 199
77. (c) We know that Total number of proper subsets of a
finite set with n elements is 2n – 1 log 3 9 log 3 32
78. (c) We know that 86. (a) 2 log 8 2 - = 2 log 3 2 -
3 2 3
[( A È B) Ç C ] ' = A 'Ç B 'È C ' log 3 2 2
2
79. (a) Since, A and B are subsets of set X therefore = log 2 2 - 2 3 = - = 0 (Q loga a =1)
3 3 3 3
A Í X and B Í X
87. (c) Consider (101. 101)2 = 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20 + 1
Consider {(A Ç (X – B)} È B
× 2–1 + 0 × 2–2 + 1 × 2–3
= ( A Ç B ') È B
1 1 40 + 4 + 1 45
= AÈ B (Q B 'Ç B = B ) = 4 + 1+ + = = = (5.625)10
2 8 8 8
80. (b) Let sets A and B have m and n elements respectively. 88. (d) Given
The set made by subsets of a finite sets A and B is
A = {x : x £ 9, x Î N} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
known as power set i.e. P(A) and P(B).
We know, if set A has n elements then P(A) has 2n Total possible multiple of 3 are
elements. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27
Thus, The total no. of subsets of a finite set A = 2m But 3 and 27 are not possible because 3 and 27 can not
and set B = 2n be express as such that a + b + c is multiple of 3
So, According to the question 6 ® 1+ 2 + 3
2m – 2n = 56 9 ® 2 + 3 + 4,5 + 3 + 1, 6 + 2 + 1
Þ 2n(2m – n – 1) = 8 × 7 = 23 × (23 – 1)
12 ® 9 + 2 + 1,8 + 3 + 1, 7 + 1 + 4, 7 + 2 + 3,
On comparing the powers, both side
n = 3 and m – n = 3 6 + 4 + 2, 6 + 5 + 1,5 + 4 + 3
Þ m = 6 and n = 3 15 ® 9 + 4 + 2,9 + 5 + 1,8 + 6 + 1,8 + 5 + 2,
81. (b) We know that
A × (B – C) = (A × B) – (A × C) 8 + 4 + 3,7 + 6 + 2,7 + 5 + 3,6 + 5 + 4
82. (a) Total no. of students = 100 18 ® 9 + 8 + 1,9 + 7 + 2,9 + 6 + 3,
Let E denote the students who have passed in English.
9 + 5 + 4,8 + 7 + 3,8 + 6 + 4, 7 + 6 + 5
Let M denote the students who have passed in Maths.
\ n(E) = 75, n(M) = 60 and n(E Ç M) = 45 21 ® 9 + 8 + 4,9 + 7 + 5,8 + 7 + 6
we know n(E È M) = n(E) + n(M) –n (E Ç M) 24 ® 9 + 8 + 7
= 75 + 60 – 45 = 90 Hence, total largest possible subsets are 30.
Required number of students = 90 – 45 = 45 89. (b) Given, A = {–1, 2, 5, 8} and B = {0, 1, 3, 6, 7}
83. (a) Let R = { x : x Î N , x is a multiple of 3 and x £ 100} Since, R be the relation ‘is one less than’ from A to B
\ R = {(–1, 0), (2, 3), (5, 6)}
and S = { x : x Î N , x is a multiple of 5 and x £ 100} Hence, R contains 3 elements.
\ R = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, …, 99} 90. (c) The 11th term of the group is
and S = {5, 10, 15, …, 95, 100} (56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66)
Now, (R × S) Ç (S × R) = (R Ç S) × (S Ç R)
n(n2 + 1) 11(121 + 1)
= (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90) × (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90) sum = = = 11 × 61 = 671
2 2
\ Number of elements in (R × S) Ç (S × R)
= 6 × 6 = 36 Their sum is 671
 EBD_7346
M-22 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
97. (d) Total Budget = 1400 crores
(log 27 9)(log16 64)
91. (c) Consider Total expenditure = 28% + 35% + 12% + 8% + 105 cr.
log 4 2 = 83% + 105 crores

log 3 (32 )log 2 (4)3 æ 83 ö

3 4 Thus, total expenditure = çè1400 ´ + 105÷ cr..
ø
= 1/ 2
100
log 2 (2 )
2 = (1162 + 105) cr.
= 1267 cr.
2 3 Now, Balance amount = (1400 – 1267) cr. = 133 cr.
log3 3 ´ log 4 4
3 2 1 Hence, Amount spent an Transport in crores of rupees
= = =4
1 1 is 133.
log 2 2
2´ 2 4
34.5
92. (b) Given, x = (1101)2 = 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 2 98. (c) No. of people who are illiterates = 15000 × = 5175
100
= 8 + 4 + 1 = 13
and y = (110)2 = 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20 No. of people who have education up to primary school
=4+2=6 27
\ x2 – y2 = (13)2 – (6)2 = 169 – 36 = 133 = 15000 ´ = 4050
100
Similarly, No. of people who have education upto middle
Now, 2 133
1
school = 2790
2 66
33 0 Let the no. of people who have education upto high
2
16 1 school = x.
2
2 8 0 \ According to the question.
2 4 0 No. of people who have education upto pre-university
2 2 0 x
1 0 = .
2
\ 133 = (10000101)2 So, Total no. of people who are not graduates
93. (b) (10 x 010)2 – (11y1)2 = (10z11)2 x x
Þ (25 × 1 + 0 + x × 23 + 0 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0) = 5175 + 4050 + 2790 + x + = 12150 + x +
2 2
– (23 × 1 + 22 × 1 + y × 21 + 1 × 20)
= 2 × 1 + 0 + 2 2 × z + 21 × 1 + 2 0
4 Since, 660 are graduates, therefore
Þ (34 + 8x) – (13 + 2y) = 19 + 4z x
Þ 2 = – 8x + 2y + 4z 15000 – (12150 + x + ) = 660
2
Þ x = 0, y = 1, z = 0
3x
1 1 1 1 Þ 15000 – 660 = 12150 +
94. (c) (0.0011) = 0 ´ + 0 ´ 2 + 1 ´ 3 + 1 ´ 4 2
2 2 2 2 Þ 2 (15000 – 660) = 24300 + 3x
1 1 3 Þ 28680 – 24300 = 3x
=0+0+ + =
8 16 16 4380
Hence, option (c) is correct. Þ = x Þ x = 1460
3
95. (a) We know, for two sets A and B Hence, 1460 students have education upto high school.
A – B = A – (A Ç B) 99. (b) (logx x) (log3 2x) (log2x y) = logx x2
\ n (A – B) = n (A) – n (A Ç B)
Given, n (A) = 115, n (B) = 326 and n (A – B) = 47. Þ 1 (log3 2x) (log2x y) = 2 (Q log x x2 ) = 2log x x)
Þ 47 = 115 – n (A Ç B)
Þ n(A Ç B) = 68 æ log 2 x ö æ log y ö
Þç ÷ç ÷ =2
Consider n (A È B) = n (A) + n (B) – n(A Ç B) è log 3 ø è log 2 x ø
= 115 + 326 – 68 = 373
log y
96. (d) Since, A is void set therefore the number of elements in Þ = 2 Þ log y = 2 log 3
power set of A is 1. log 3
\ P{P(A)} = 21 = 2 Þ log y = log32 Þ y = 32 Þ y = 9
because If set A has n elements then P(A) has 2n 100. (d) Given, log5 k logk x = 3
elements.
log k log x log x
. =3 Þ =3
Þ P { P{P ( A)}} = 2 2 = 4 log 5 log k log 5
Þ P{P{P{P(A)}}} = 24 = 16 Þ log x = 3 log5 Þ log x = log 53
Þ x = 53 Þ x = 125
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-23

101. (c) Given, Na = {ax| x ÎN}

109. (d) A = P ({1, 2}) = {f, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}}
\ N12 = {12, 24, 36, 48,...}
and N8 = {8, 16, 24,...} (Q Power set is the collection of all subsets of the set A)
\ N12 Ç N8 = {24, 48,...} From above it is clear that {1, 2} Î A
= N24 110. (d) xRy Û x and y are graduates of the same university..
102. (b) Let X = {(4n – 3n – 1)|n ÎN}
Reflexive x R x Û x and x are graduates of the same
and Y = {9 (n – 1)|n Î N}
Þ X = {0, 9, 54, ...} (By putting n = 1, 2, ....) university.
and Y = {0, 9, 18, 27, 36, 54,....} \ Relation is reflexive.
(By putting n = 1, 2, ...) Symmetric x R y Û x and y are graduates of the
\ X È Y = {0, 9, 18, 27, 36, 54,...} = Y same university
103. (d) The total number of elements common in (A × B) and
Þ yRx Û y and x are graduates of the same
(B × A) is n2.
university.
| x| \ Relation is symmetric.
104. (c) Let f : R ® R be defined as f (x) = , x ¹0 .
x
Transitive xRy, yRz Û xRz
Also, f (0) = 2
It means x and y, y and z are graduates of the same
ie. value of function at x = 0 is 2.
university, then x and z are also graduates of the same
ìx university.
ïï x = 1 if x > 0 \ Relation is transitive.
Consider, f ( x) = í Hence, relation is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
ï – x = –1 if x < 0 111. (d) (0.101)2 = 2–1 × 1 + 2–2 × 0 + 2–3 × 1
ïî x
1 1 5
= +0+ =
ì x, x ³0 2 8 8
because we have | x |= í – x, x < 0
î and (0.011)2 = 0 × 2–1 + 1 × 2–2 + 1 × 2–3
Thus, Range of f (x) = {1, – 1, 2} 1 1 3
105. (c) 13.625 = 0+ + =
4 8 8
2 13 Also, (11) 2 = 1´ 21 + 1´ 20 = 3
2 6 1 and ( 01)2 = 0 ´ 21 ´1´ 20 = 1
2 3 0
( 0.101)(2 ) + ( 0.011)(2 )
11 11 2
1 1 \
0.625 × 2 = 1.250 1
( 0.101)(210) 2
( 01) 2
( 01) (10 )
- ( 0.101) 2 ( 0.011)2 + ( 0.011) 2 2

0.250 × 2 = 0.5 0 3 3
0.5 × 2 = 1 1 æ5ö æ 3ö
\ 13.625 = 1101.101 ç ÷ +ç ÷ 5 3 8
= è8ø è8ø = + = = 1 = (1) 2
106. (b) Since, order of a set A is 3 and order of set B is 2 2
æ 5ö æ 5öæ 3 ö æ 3ö
2
8 8 8
therefore ç ÷ -ç ÷ç ÷ + ç ÷
è 8 ø è 8 øè 7 ø è 8ø
n ( A) = 3 and n ( B ) = 2
112. (b) Let A = {a, b, c, d}
\ Number of relations from A to B Let n = no. of elements in A = n(A) = 4
= n ( A) ´ n ( B ) = 3 × 2 = 6 Now, number of subsets = 2n = 24 = 16
As we know that no. of proper subsets = 2n – 1
log a b
H log H a b g
\ Number of proper subsets = 24 – 1 = 16 – 1 = 15
107. (c) Consider = 113. (b) Let N = National savings certificates
log bg
H log H a b
a S = Shares
Total no. of persons = 32
= log a b
a b g = log (a b g )
a b No. of persons who invest in National savings
108. (a) Since, Power set is the collection of all the subsets of certificates = 30
the set A therefore No. of persons who invest in shares = 17
A U P (A) = P(A) Therefore n ( N È S ) = 32, n ( N ) = 30, n ( S ) = 17
\ statement (1) is correct. We know that,
n( N È S ) = n( N ) + n(S ) - n( N Ç S )
 EBD_7346
M-24 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Þ 32 = 30 + 17 - n ( N Ç S ) C = Set of all numbers which are divisible by 2 and 3

= {6,12,18}
Þ n ( N Ç S ) = 47 - 32 = 15 A È B = {1,4,9,16,5,10,15,20}
Þ n (A È B) = 8
114. (c) Since, (1111)2 = 1× 23 + 1×22 + 1×21+ 1× 20
Þ n (A È B)¢ = 20 – 8 = 12
= 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 15
Also, n (A È B È C) = n (A) + n (B) + n (C)
(1001)2 = 1×23 + 0× 22 + 0× 21+ 1×20 = 8 + 1 = 9
Q A È B È C = {1,4,9,16,5,10,15,20,6,12,18}
and (1010)2 = 1× 23 + 0× 22 + 1× 21 + 0×20 = 8 + 2 = 10
n (A È B È C) = 11
\ (1111)2 + (1001)2– (1010)2 = 15 + 9 – 10 = 14
and n (A) + n (B) + n (C) = 4 + 4 + 3 =11
\ (14)10 = (1110)2
Hence, only statement I and III are correct.
115. (a) Let R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}
122. (d) Given, n (A) = 4, n (B) = 3
Reflexive
Since, the sets A and B are not known, then cardinality
Since, IR1, 2R2, 3R3 in the set R
of the set A D B cannot be determined.
\ R is reflexive relation.
123. (c) Let f (x) = cos 2x – sin 2x
Symmetric
Since 1R2 but 2 is not related to 1 in R 1
f (x) = é 2 cos 2 x - sin 2 x ù
\ R is not symmetric relation. 2ë û
Transitive
1R2, 2R3 Þ 1R3 é 1 1 ù
f (x) = 2ê cos 2 x - sin 2 x ú
\ R is transitive relation. ë 2 2 û
Hence, R is reflexive and transitive only.
116. (d) Consider log3 [log3[log3 x]] = log3 3 é p p ù
Þ log3 [log3 x] = 3 f (x) = 2 êcos cos 2 x - sin sin 2 x ú
ë 4 4 û
Þ log3 x = 33
Þ log3x = 27 Þ x = 327 é æp öù
f (x) =2 êcos ç + 2 x÷ ú
117. (d) Remainder ë è4 øû

2 32 0 0.25 We know,
2 16 0 ×2 æp ö
2 8 0 -1 £ cos ç + 2 x ÷ £ 1
è4 ø
2 4 0 0.5 0
2 ×2
2 0 æp ö
Þ - 2 £ 2 cos ç + 2 x÷ £ 2
2 1 1 1 1 è4 ø

\ Required binary number equivalent to 32.25 is Þ - 2 £ f ( x) £ 2

100000.01
118. (a) Since, A and B are two disjoints therefore A Ç B= f \ Range of f (x) = [ - 2, 2]
124. (b) Let A = {1, 2, 5, 6} and B = {1, 2, 3}
\ A – B = A– ( A Ç B ) \ A × B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3),
2 3 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3)}
119. (a) Let A = {n : n Î N} and B = {n : n Î N} and B × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2),
A = {1, 4, 9, 16, .....} (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
and B = {1, 8, 27, 64, ......} Þ (A × B) Ç (B × A )
Now, A Ç B = {1} which is a finite set. = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)}
(125-129).
Also, A È B = {1, 4, 8, 9, 27, .....} H E
Given :
So, complement of A È B is infinite set. k = 15, c + f + k + e = 46
a d b
Hence, A È B ¹ N c = 11, a = 23, b = 17
120. (a) Given A = {2,3}, B = {4,5}, C = {5,6} k
d = 2f and e = 3f f e
\ B Ç C = {5}
Þ A ´ (B Ç C) = {2,3} ´ {5} = {(2,5), (3,5)} 2 c
Þ d= e
Hence, required number of elements in 3
A ´ (B Ç C) = 2 on solving above these we get F
121. (b) Let, U = {1,2,3,....,20} e = 15, d = 10, f = 5
A = Set of all numbers which are perfect square 125. (c) Required number of students = d + e + f
= {1,4,9,16} = 10 + 15 + 5 = 30
B = Set of all numbers which are multiples of 126. (c) Number of students learn at least two languages
5 = {5,10,15,20} = d + e + k + f =10 + 15 +15 +5 = 45
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-25

127. (a) Total number of students in class = 96 + 28 = 124 135. (b) The number 10101111 can be rewritten as
128. (a) Required number of students = e + k = 15 +15 = 30 10101111 = 27 × 1 + 26 × 0 + 25 × 1 + 24 × 0 + 23 × 1
129. (c) Number of students learn at least one languages + 22 × 1 + 2 1 × 1 + 2 0 × 1
= 23+ 10+ 17 +15 +15 +5 +11= 96 = 128 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 175
136. (d) Let A, B and C are non-empty sets such that
2
æ 1 ö AÇC=f
130. (b) Let log (a + a + 1 ) + log ç ÷
è a + a2 + 1 ø Consider, (A × B) Ç (C × B) = (A Ç C) × (B Ç B)
= (A Ç C) × B = f × B = f
137. (d) Let A = {4n + 2 : n Î N}
= log (a + a 2 + 1 ) + log 1 – log (a + a2 + 1 )
and B = {3n : n Î N}
= log (a + a 2 + 1 ) – log (a + a 2 + 1 ) Þ A = {6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, .....}
=0 and B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, .....}
131. (c) Let on the set of real numbers, R is a relation defined \ A Ç B = {6, 18, 30, 42, .....}
by xRy if and only if 3x + 4y = 5 = 6 + 12n – 12 = 12n – 6.
Consider, 3x + 4y = 5 Hence, A Ç B = {12n – 6 : n is a natural number}.
(I) Put x = 0 and y = 1, we get 138. (b) Since, P, Q and R are three non-collinear points.
LHS = 3(0) + 4(1) = 4 ¹ 5 (= RHS) \ We have P, Q and R are like as
Hence 0 is not related to 1. Q

1
(II) Now, Put x = 1 and y = , we get
2
1
LHS = 3(1) + 4 × = 5 = 5 (= RHS) P R
2
Now, only P is common between PQ and PR.
1 Hence, PQ Ç PR = {P}
Hence 1 is related to . 139. (a) Consider 0.3 × 2 = 0.6 × 2 = 1.2 × 2
2
Now, treated 1 as 0
2 3 So, 0.2 × 2 = 0.4 × 2 = 0.8 × 2 = 1.6 × 2
(III) Similarly, is related to .
3 4 Again, 1.6 × 2 = 0.6 × 2 = 1.2
Hence, both statements II and III are correct. Thus,
9 27 3 0.3 ´ 2 = 0 . 6 ´ 2 = 1 . 2 ´ 2 = 0 . 4 ´ 2
132. (d) Consider, log - log + log
8 32 4
= 0 . 8 ´ 2 = 1 .6 ´ 2 = 1 . 2 -------- so on
9 32 3
= log + log + log Hence, 0.3 = (0.0 1001 -----)2.
8 27 4
140. (a) Let tan q = m , where m is a non-square natural num-
æ 9 32 ö 3
= log ç ´ ÷ + log ber.
è 8 27 ø 4
Þ sin q = m cos q
æ 4ö 3 æ 4 3ö
= log ç ÷ + log = log ç ´ ÷ = log 1 = 0 1 1
è 3ø 4 è 3 4ø Consider, sec 2q = =
133. (b) Let a = 00111 = 22 × 1 + 21 × 1 + 20 × 1
cos 2q cos q - sin2 q
2

=4+2+1=7 1 1
= =
Let b = 01110 = 23 × 1 + 22 × 1 + 21 × 1 + 20 × 0 2
cos q - m cos q2 2
cos q (1 - m )
= 8 + 4 + 2 = 14
sec 2 q 1 + tan 2 q 1 + m
b 14 = = =
\ = =2 1- m 1- m 1- m
a 7
134. (d) Let M = Set of men and R is a relation 'is son of'
defined on M. = =
(
(1 + m ) (1 - m ) 1 - m
2
)
Reflexive : aRa (1 - m ) (1 - m ) (1 - m )2
(Q a can not be a son of a) Numerator will always be negative and denominator
Symmetric : aRb Þ bRa will always be positive.
which is not also possible.
(Q If a is a son of b then b can not be a son of a) 1 - m2
Hence, sec 2q = is a negative number..
Transitive : aRb, bRc Þ aRc (1 - m )2
which is not possible.
 EBD_7346
M-26 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
141. (c) Let A ={a, b, c} Þ O(A) = 3 149. (d) Let
Now, number of proper subsets of A = {x : x + 4 = 4} = {x : x = 4 – 4}
= {x : x = 0} = {0}
A = 2O( A) - 1 = 23 – 1 = 7 (150-153):
142. (a) Let log2 (log3 81) = x Let the people who read all three papers A, B, C = x%
Þ log2 (log3 34) = x So, people who read only A and B not C = (30 – x)%
Þ log2 (4 log33) = x People who read only B and C, not A = (28 – x)%
Þ log2(4) = x (Q loga a = 1) People who read only A and C, not B = (36 – x)%
Þ 4 = 2x Venn diagram representing these is shown below.
Þ 22 = 2x Þ x = 2
143. (d) Since f is null set therefore f ={ } A B
144. (d) Let A = no. of students passed in the first semester.
B = no. of students passed in second semester. 30–x
Given, n(A) = 260, n(B) = 210 x

\ ( )
n A = no. of students did not pass in first semester.. 36–x 28–x

= 500 – 260 = 240

( )
Similarly, n B = 500 – 210 = 290 C

( )
Thus, we have n A È B = 170 , Remaining numbers in circles are filled as shown below.
People who read only A + 30 – x + x + 36 – x = 42
( ) ( )
n A = 240 , n B = 290
Þ People reading only A = 42 – 30 – 36 + x = (x – 24)%
Similarly, people who read only B = 51 – (30 – x + x + 28 – x)
\ n ( A È B) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) - n ( A Ç B )
= 51 – (58 – x) = 51 – 58 + x = (x – 7)%
People who read only C = 68 – (36 – x + x + 28 – x)
Þ 170 = 240 + 290 – n ( A Ç B )
= 68 – (64 – x) = (x + 4)%
A B
Þ n ( A Ç B ) = 360
So, n (students passed in both semester)
24 30 – x x – 7
= 500 – 360 = 140 x–
145. (c) 11101.001 x
= 1 ×24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20 . 0 × 2–1 36 – x 28 – x
+ 0 × 2–2 + 1 × 2–3
æ 1ö x+4
= (16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1). ç 0 + 0 + ÷ = 29.125
è 8ø
146. (c) A – B = {1, 4} C
(A – B)c = U – (A – B) = {2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} Let x % people read all the three newspapers.
147. (a) Here A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81} Since 8% people do not read any newspapers.
B = {even natural numbers} \ (x –24) + (x – 7) + (x + 4) + (30 – x) + (36 – x) + (28 – x) + x = 92
A Ç B = {4, 16, 36, 64} Þ x + 98 – 31 = 92
So, cardinality of A Ç B = 4 Þ x = 92 – 67 = 25
148. (c) Remainder
150. (b) Hence people who read all the three newspapers = 25%
2 292 0 151. (d) (30 – x) + (36 – x) + (28 – x) = 94 – 3x
2 146 0 = 98 – 3 × 25 =23
2 73 1 Hence percentage of people who read only two
2 36 0 newspapers = 23%
2 18 0 152. (b) (x – 24) + (x – 7) + (x + 4) = 3x – 27
= 3 × 25 – 27 = 48
2 9 1
Hence percentage of people who read only one
2 4 0 newspaper = 48%
2 2 0 153. (c) x – 24 = 25 – 24 = 1
1 Hence percentage of people who read only Newspaper
Required answer = 100 100 100 A but neither B nor C = 1%
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-27

1 165. (c) As we know

154. (a) Consider 2 log8 2 - log 3 9
3 ì x if x >0
x =í
log 2 1 log 9 log 2 1 log 32 î - x if x<0
= 2. - . = 2. - .
log8 3 log3 log 23 3 log3 ì x
ïï x if x >0
log 2 1 log 3 2 2 x
= 2. - 2. = - =0 \ f (x) = =í
3log 2 3 log3 3 3 x ï -x
if x<0
155. (d) Let A = {0, 1}, B = {1, 0} ïî x
A × B = {(0, 1), (1, 1), (0, 0), (1, 0)}.
A × A = {(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0)}. ì 1 if x > 0
\A× B=A×A =í
î -1 if x < 0
156. (b) Since A and B have n elements in common so, A × B
and B × A have n 2 elements in common. Hence, Range = {–1, 1}.
A B
166. (d) 2 45 1 \ Binary form of 45 = 101101
2 22 0
157. (d)
2 11 1
5 1
AÇ B 2 2 0
A Ç ( A È B) = ( A Ç A ) È ( A Ç B ) = A È ( A Ç B) 2 1
= A (By diagram)
167. (c) d = 60 × 60s
Thus, A Ç ( A È B) = A m = 60s
s-m s - 60s -59 1
158. (a) The relation ‘has the same father as’ over the set of = = =
children is only reflexive. m - d 60s - 60 ´ 60s 60 ´ ( )
- 59 60
(Q In reflexivity an element is related to itself)
159. (d) (1011)2 = 23 × 1 + 22 × 0 + 21 × 1 + 20 × 1 167. (c)
= 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = (11)10. Hindi English
160. (a) (111001.011)2 = [25 × 1 + 24 × 1 + 23 × 1 + 22 × 0 + 21 × 0
+ 20 × 1]. [2–1 × 0 + 2–2 × 1 + 2–3 × 1] = (57.375)10 28
7
161. (b) (log3 x) (logx 2x) (log2x y) = logx x2, 7

log x log 2x log y log x 2 5

´ ´ = 5
log 3 log x log 2x log x 3

log y 2 log x 5
=
log 3 log x
log y = 2 log 3
log y = log 9 Sanskrit 40

y=9
162. (a) Given relation 40% of total population = 0.4 × 75 × 106 = 3 × 107.
R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 3)} is (168-173):
reflexive and transitive only but not symmetric Given, P = 75 × 106
45% population know Hindi Hindi English
Q (3, 1) and (3, 2) Ï R.
163. (b) No. of elements in power set of A = 2n. i.e., a + f + d + g = 45% of P a b f
164. (b) We have 45 g
A = {0, 1, 2} = × 75 × 106 = 33.75 × 106 ...(i) d e
100
B = {2, 3}
22% population know English c
C = {3, 4}
f + b + g + e = 22% of P Sanskrit
A È B = {0, 1, 2, 3}
( A È B ) ´ C = {(0, 3), (0, 4), (1, 3); (1, 4); (2, 3), 22
= × 75 × 106 = 16.50 × 106 ...(2)
(2, 4), (3, 3); (3, 4)} 100
18% population know Sanskrit.
\ n éë( A È B ) ´ C ùû = 8
 EBD_7346
M-28 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
d + g + e + c = 18% of P
= {( x, 2 ) , ( x, 3) , ( x, 4 ) , ( y, 2 ) , ( y, 3 ) , ( y, 4 )}
18
= × 75 × 106 = 13.5 × 106 ...(3) Hence, number of element in A ´ ( B È C ) = 6.
100
12% population knows Hindi and English 176. (c) logy x5 × logx y2 logz z3
12 5ln x 2ln y 3ln z
f + g = 12% of P = × 75 × 106 = 9 × 106 ...(4) = ln y ´ ln x ´ ln z = 30
100
8% population knows English and Sanskrit 177. (c) Since A is a relation on a set R
8 \ A Í (R ´ R)
g + e = 8% of P = × 75 × 106 = 6 × 106 ...(5)
100 178. (c) A × B = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3)}
10% population Hindi and Sanskrit A × C = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)}
Number of elements in (A × B) Ç (A × C) = 2
10
g + d = 10% of P = × 75 × 106 = 7.5 × 106 ...(6) 179. (c) If A is a finite set having n elements, then the number
100 of relations which can be defined in A set is
5% population knows all three languages 2
5 2n×n = 2n .
g = 5% of P = × 75 × 106 = 3.75 × 106 ...(7) 180. (a) S be the set of all even prime numbers
100
S = 2 in an even prime number = (Non-empty set)
From (6), (7) 3.75 × 106 + d = 7.5 × 106
Þ d = 106(7.5 – 3.75) = 3.75 × 106 181. (c) 2 83 1
From (5), (7) 3.75 × 106 + e = 6 × 106
Þ e = 106(6 – 3.75) = 2.25 × 106 2 41 1
From (4), (7) Þ f + 3.75 × 106 = 9 × 106 2 20 0
Þ f = 106(9 – 3.75) = 5.25 × 106 2 10 0
From (2), b = 16.5 × 106 – (f + g + e) 2 5 1
= 16.5 × 106 – (5.25 × 106 + 3.75 × 106 + 2.25 × 106)
= 106[16.5 – 5.25 – 3.75 – 2.25] = 5.25 × 106 2 2 0
From (3), c = 13.5 × 106 – (d + g + e) 1
= 13.5 × 106 – 9.75 × 106 = 3.75 × 106
From (4), a = 33.75 × 106 – (f + g + d) Therefore, (83)10 = (1010011)2
= 33.75 × 106 – 12.75 × 106 = 21 × 106 182. (d) For reflexive :
168. (a) Now, Number of people who don’t know any of three (a, a) = a – a = 0 is divisible by 5.
languauges For symmetric :
= Total population – (a + b + c + d + e + f + g) If (a – b) is divisible by 5, then b – a = – (a – b)
= 75 × 106 – (21 + 5.25 + 3.75 + 3.75 + 2.25 + 5.25 + 375)106 is also divisible by 5.
= 75 × 106 – 45 × 106 = 30 × 106 = 3 × 107 Thus relation is symmetric.
169. (d) Number of people who know only Hindi = a = 21 × 106. For transitive
170. (d) Number of people who know only Sanskrit If (a – b) and (b – c) is divisible by 5.
= c = 3.75 × 106. Then (a – c) is also divisible by 5.
171. (c) Number of people who know only English Thus relation is transitive.
= b = 5.25 × 106. \ R is an equivalence relation.
172. (b) Number of people who know only one language 183. (c) n (T) = 50
= a + b + c = 21 × 106 + 5.25 × 106 + 3.75 × 106 n (D) = 30
= 30 × 106 = 3 × 107. n (H) = 40
173. (c) Number of people who know only two language n(T) = n (D) + n(H) – n (DnH)
= d + e + f = 3.75 × 106 + 2.25 × 106 + 5.25 × 106 50 = 30 + 40 – n (DÇH)
= 11.25 × 106 n (DÇH) = 70 –50 = 20
174. (d) Consider the set given in option ‘d’. Number of people having diabetes and high blood
{x |x2 + 1 = 0, x Î R} pressure = 20
Let x2 + 1 = 0 Þ x2 = – 1 Þ x = ± i which is complex. 184. (c) n(A) = 4 and n (B) = 3
But x Î R. Hence for, any x Î R , x2 + 1 can not be zero. Number of elements in n (A × B) = 4 × 3 = 12
175. (c) Let B = {2, 3} and C = {3, 4} 185. (b) Suppose U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}
A = {a, b, c, d}
Now, B È C = {2, 3, 4} consider A ´ ( B È C )
B = {a, b, c, d, e} Given A Í B
= {x, y} × {2, 3, 4} Ac = {e, f, g, h}, BC = {f, g, h}
Hence, BC Í AC
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-29

186. (b) Angle traced by the hour hand in 12 hours = 360° for all integers a. a ³ 0
æ 30 ö 9 For symmetric : aRb Þ ab ³ 0 " a, b Î S
Angle traced by it in 4 hr 30 min çè 4h + hrø÷ = hr If ab ³ 0, then ba ³ 0 Þ bRa
60 2
9 360 For transitive :
= ´ = 135°
2 12 If ab ³ 0 , bc ³ 0, then also ac ³ 0
Angle traced by minute hand is 60° min = 360° Relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
30 Therefore relation is equivalence.
Angle traced by it in 30 min = ´ 360 = 180° 194. (a) (11110)2 = 24 × 1 + 23 × 1 + 22 × 1 + 21 × 1 + 20 × 0
60
p p = 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 30
Required Angle = 180° – 135° = 45° Þ 45 × = radian (1010)2 = (23 × 1 + 22 × 0 + 21 × 1 + 20 × 0 = 8 + 0 + 2
100 4
187. (d) According to 'Distribution law' in set theorry the given + 0) = 10
both statements are wrong. Sum = 30 + 10 = 40
1. A È (B Ç C) = (A È B) Ç (A È C) = (101000)2
2. A Ç (B È C) = (A Ç B) È (A Ç C) 2 40
188. (d) (110001)2 = 1 ×25 + 1 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 0 × 21+1 × 20 2 20 0
= 32 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = (49)10 2 10 0
189. (c) Number of element in set A is 4. 2 5 0
Cordinality of the power set P(A) = 24 = 16 2 2 1
6 log 36 6 1 0
190. (b) log81 243 = log 35 3 = 5 = = 1.25
log 3 5 195. (c) According to question p + q + r = 5 × 3 = 15 ...(i)
191. (b) X = Set of all citizens of India s + t = 10 × 2 = 20 ...(ii)
R = {(x, y) : x, y Î X, |x – y| = 5} From equations (i) and (ii), p + q + r + s + t = 15 + 20 = 35
|x – x| = 0 ¹ 5 (R is not reflexive) 35
xRy Þ |x – y| = 5 Average p, q, r, s and t = =7
5
Þ |y – x| = 5 (R is symmetric)
xRy Þ |x – y| = 5
yRz Þ |y – z| = 5 196. (b) 2 251 1
But |x – z| ¹ 5 (R is not transitive) 2 125 1
192. (c) Given that, A = {u, v, x, y, z}; B = {p, q, r, s} 2 62 0
As we know, a mapping f : x ® y is said to be a function,
2 31 1
if each element in the set x has its image in set y. It is
also possible that these are few elements in set y which 2 15 1
are not the image of any element in set x. Every element 2 7 1
in set x should have one and only one image. 2 3 1
1
u u
v p v p Therefore, (251)10 = (11111011)2
q w q Sol. (197-199)
(i) w (ii) x
r r
x y
s s Physics
y
z z Chemistry
2 1 5
3
6 2

u 4
u
v p Mathematics
v p w q
(iii) w q (iv) x r 197. (a) Only Physics = 12 – (1 + 3 + 6) = 2
x r y s 198. (c) Only two subjects = 6 + 2 + 1 = 9
y s z 199. (b) Statement 1 :
z
Students, who had taken only one subject
= 2 + 5 + 4 = 11
(ii) and (iii) are not function. Students, who had taken only two subjects
193. (c) S = Set of all integers and =6+2+1=9
R = {(a, b), a, b Î S and ab ³ 0} 1¹ 9
For reflexive : aRa Þ a.a = a2 ³ 0
 EBD_7346
M-30 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Statement 2 : then y </ x
Stude nts who had taken atleast two subject Hence, relation is not symmetry.
= 1 + 2 + 6 + 3 = 12 For Transitive:
Students who had taken all three subjects if x < y and y < z,
= 4 × 3 = 12 then x < z
æ pö Hence, relation is transitive.
200. (d) sin x increases on the interval çè 0, ÷ø
2 205. (b) Music Dancing

Y
45 – x x 50 – x

p 2p
X¢ X
O p
2
Let ‘x’ be the number of students who likes both music
and dance.
Y¢ 5 students likes neither music nor dancing.
Hence, total number of remaining students
æ pö = 60 – 5 = 55
cos x decreases on the interval çè 0, ÷ø
2 Now from Venn diagram,
Y 45 – x + x + 50 – x = 55
\ 95 – x = 55
p 3p \ x = 95 – 55 = 40.
X¢ 2 2 206. (c) log10 2, log10 (2x – 1) and log10 (2x + 3) are in A.P.
X
O Hence, common difference will be same.
\ log10 (2x – 1) – log10 2 = log(2x + 3) – log10 (2x – 1)
Y¢ æ 2x – 1 ö æ 2x + 3 ö
201. (c) The relation S is defined on the set of integers Z and \ log10 ç ÷ = log10 ç x ÷
è 2 ø è 2 – 1ø
xSy, if integer x divides integer y.
Reflexive : Since, every integer divides itself
\ integer x divides integer x 2x – 1 2x + 3
Þ =
Þ xSx 2 2x – 1
Hence, S is reflexive. (2x – 1)2 = 2(2x + 3)
Symmetric : Let x, y Î Z such that xSy 22x – 2x + 1 + 1= 2x + 1 + 6
i.e., integer x divides integer y 22x – 2x + 2 = 5
Now, this does not implies that integer y divides integer x. Let 2x = y, then
e.g. Take x = 2 and y = 4 y2 – 4y – 5 = 0
Then, 2 divides 4 but 4 does not divides 2. y2 – 5y + y – 5 = 0
Thus, S is not symmetric. y(y – 5) + 1(y – 5) = 0
Transitive : Let x, y, z Î Z such that xSy and ySz. y = –1, y = 5
Þ integer x divides integer y and integer y divides Therefore, 2x = 5
integer z x = log2 5.
Þ integer x divides integer z 207. (c)
Þ xSz 208. (c) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
Hence, S is transitive. Number of subsets of A containing two elements
202. (b) (1001)2 = (23 × 1 + 22 × 0 + 21 × 0 + 20 × 1)10 =9+8+7+ 6+5+ 4+3+2+1
= (8 + 1)10 = (9)10
203. (d) Here, n(A) = 5 and n(B) = 4 9 (9 + 1) 90
= = 45
\ n (A × B) = 5 × 4 = 20 2 2
[Q n(A) = m, n (B) = n Þ n (A × B) = mn] \ Option (c) is correct
204. (b) Given that x < y if y ³ x + 5 Alternate Method
For Reflexive: The number of subsets of A containing exactly two
x </ x elements is:
Hence, relation is not reflexive. 10 ´ 9
10
For Symmetry: C2 = = 45
2 ´1
if x < y,
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-31

209. (d) (127.25)10 as (a – b) Î R and (b – c) Î R

Now, but (a – c) Ï R
So it is not a transitive relation.
2 127 By considering all the options, we come to the
2 63 – 1 conclusion that only option (d) is correct.
2 31 – 1 214. (b) (1000000001)2
2 15 – 1 = 1 × 20 + 0 × 21 + 0 × 22 + ...... + 1 × 29
2 7 –1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + ....... + 512
= (513)10
2 3 –1
1–1 ( 0.0101)2 = 0 × 2–1 + 1 ×2– 2 + 0 × 2–3 + 1 × 2–4
1 1 5
= + = = ( 0.3125 )10
127 = (1111111)2 4 16 16
Now,
(1000000001)2 – (0.0101)2 = 513 – 0.312
0.5 0
0.25 × 2 = = (512.6875)10
1 215. (a) x2 + 6x – 7 < 0
1.0
0.5 × 2 = Þ (x + 7) (x – 1) < 0
\ (127.25)10 = (1111111.01)2 Þ x = (–7, 1)
\ Option (d) is correct. Þ A = {– 6, – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0}
210. (d) A = {x : x is a multiple of 3} Þ x2 + 9x + 14 > 0
\ A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, .....} Þ (x + 7) (x + 2) > 0

AÇB Þ x = ( -¥, -7 ) È ( -2, ¥ )

\ Þ B = R – {– 7, – 6, – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2}
C
B = {x : x is a multiple of 4} B B
\ B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, .....} –¥ +¥
C = {x : x is a multiple of 12} –7 –2 1
\ C = {12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, .....} A
AÇB So A Ç B = ( -2,1)
A Ç B = {12, 24, .....} = .
C 216. (b) Let A = {1, 2}
211. (a) (11101011)2 B = {3, 4, 0}
= (1 × 27 + 1 × 26 + 1 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 1 × 23 C = {5, 6, 0}
+ 0 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 1 × 20)10 D = {7, 8}
= (128 + 64 + 32 + 8 + 2 + 1)10 = (235)10 Such that (A Ç B) = (C Ç D) = f
\ Option (a) is correct.
Þ (A È C) = {1, 2, 5, 6, 0}
212. (c) For a non-zero real number x
Þ (B È D) = {3, 4, 7, 8, 0}
x Þ (A È C) Ç (B È D) = {0}
f (x) =
|x| So (A È C) and (B È D) are not always dispoint
Þ (A Ç C) = f and (B Ç D) = f
x So (A Ç C) and (B Ç D) are always disjoint.
domain f (x) = range
|x|
1 2
217. (a) log8 m + log8 =
–3 6 3
–1
–2 Here we can not take æ 1ö 2
–1 value of ‘x’ as zero as Þ log8 ç m. ÷ =
1 +1 (x) is non zero real number è 6ø 3
2
2
1
Þ ( 8) 3 = m.
for any value of x in domain a set consisting of two 6
elements i.e. (– 1, + 1) Þ m = 24
\ Option (c) is correct. 218. (d) Let f(x) = logx
213. (d) a–b£5 \ f(y) = log y
Let b – c £ 5 & f(xy) = log (xy) = log x + log y
so a – c £ 10 Þ f(xy) = f(x) + f(y)
 EBD_7346
M-32 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
219. (a) x and y are positive numbers.
x2
x £ y2 221. (a) Function y = xÎR
1 + x2
Reflexive - x=0 y=0
2
x £ x " positive numbers. 1
Hence relation is reflexive. x = 1, –1 y=
2
Transitive -
4
x £ y2 y £ z2 x = 2, –2 y=
5
Let x = 5, y = 3, z = 2
9
5 £ (3)2 (3) £ (2)2 x = 3, –3 y=
10
but 5 £/ (2)2 . .
. .
Hence, x £ y 2 y £ z2 . .
Clearly 0 £ y < 1
but x £ z2
Þ y Î,[0,1)
Thus relation is not transitive.
Symmetric Hence Range of y = [0, 1)
222. (c) 0.3125 × 2 = 0.6250
1 £ (2)2 while 2 £/ (1)2
0.6250 × 2 = 1.2500
Hence relation is not symmetric. 0.2500 × 2 = 0.5000
Thus x £ y 2 " positive numbers is reflexive, but not 0.5000 × 2 = 1.0000

transitive and symmetric. (0.3125)10 = (0.0101)2

223. (c) nRm Û n is a factor of m.
æ x -x ö Þ m is divisible by n.
220. (a) f ( x1 ) - f ( x2 ) = f ç 1 2 ÷
è 1 - x1 x2 ø Reflexivity
We know that
x1 , x2 Î (-1, 1)
n is divisible by n " n Î N
(1 - x) (n, n) Î R " n Î N
then f ( x) = log
(1 + x) R is reflexive.
Symmetric
1 - x1 1 - x2
f ( x1 ) = log f ( x2 ) = log n, m Î N
1 + x1 1 + x2
Let n = 2, m = 6
1 - x1 1 - x2 m is divisible by n but n is not divisible by m. Hence R
f ( x1 ) - f ( x2 ) = log - log
1 + x1 1 + x2 is not symmetric.
Transitivity
(1 - x1 ) (1 + x2 )
= log ´ Let ( n, m ) Î R and (m, p) Î R then ( n, m ) Î R and
(1 + x1 ) (1 - x2 )
(m, p) Î R Þ (n, p) Î R
(1 - x1 + x2 - x1 x2 ) or If m is divisible by n and p is divisible by m. Hence p
= log
(1 + x1 - x2 - x1 x2 ) is divisible by n.
(n, p) Î R " n, p Î N
(1 - x1 x2 ) - ( x1 - x2 )
= log R is transitive relation on N.
(1 - x1 x2 ) + ( x1 - x2 )
Hence R is reflexive, transitive but not symmetric.
æ x -x ö 2a a
1- ç 1 2 ÷
1 - x1 x2 ø \ ò f ( x ) dx = 2ò f ( x) dx if f (2a - x) = fx
= log è 0 0
æ x -x ö
1+ ç 1 2 ÷ 224. (b) Let A, B & C be the sets of numbers divisible by 10, 15
è 1 - x1 x2 ø & 25 respectively
No. divisible by 10 = 100 = n(A)
æ x -x ö No. divisible by 15 = 66 = n (B)
f ( x1 ) - f ( x2 ) = f ç 1 2 ÷
No. divisible by 25 = 40 = n (C)
è 1 - x1 x2 ø
No. divisible by (10 & 15) = 33 = n (A Ç B)
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-33

No. divisible by (15 & 25) = 13 = n (B Ç C) Þ ( x - 1)( x + 7) < 0 & Þ ( x + 2)( x + 7) > 0
No. divisible by (25 & 10) = 20 = n (A Ç C)
No. divisible by (10, 15 & 25) = 6 = n (A Ç B Ç C) Þ x Î (-7, 1) & Þ x Î( -¥, - 7) È (-2, ¥)
No. divisible by 10, 15 and 25 = n (A È B È C) \ A Ç B = {x Î R : -2 < x < 1} ® It is true.
= 100 + 66 + 40 – 33 – 13 – 20 + 6 = 146 A \ B = A - B = {x Î R : -7 < x < -2} ® It is also true.
Thus, no. which are neither divisible by 10 nor 15 nor 228. (c) R = {(1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5)}.
25 = 1000 – 146 = 854. Þ R–1 ={(3, 1), (5, 1), (3, 2), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)}.
225. (d) logaab = x Þ RoR–1={(3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 3), (5, 5)}.
logaa + logab = x
2 235 1
1 229. (b) So, (235)10 = (11101011)2
= x -1 2 117 1
logb a
2 58 0
1 2 29 1
log b a = ...(1)
x -1
2 14 0
logbab = logba + logbb
2 7 1
1
= +1 (From (1)) 2 3 1
x -1
1
1+ x -1 230. (d) Here, maximum number of students failed in all the four
=
x -1 subjects = 15%
But, minimum number of students failed in all the four
x subjects varies from 0 to 15%. So, correct option is (d).
logb ab =
x -1 231. (d) U = {( HHH )( HHT )( HTH )( HTT )(THH )(THT )(TTH )(TTT )}
226. (b) Given that p, q: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,) A = {(TTT )}
p
For form, when p = 1, q = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 B = {( HTT )(THT )(TTH )}
q
C = {( HHH )( HHT )( HTH )(THH )}
p 1 1 1 1 1
thus, q
= 1, , , , and By checking the options
2 3 4 5 6
(d) A Ç ( B 'È C ') = B 'Ç C ' is correct.
æpö
n = ç ÷=6 232. (a) S = {All persons living in Delhi}
èqø
A relationship is said to be equivalence relation if it is
When p = 2, q = 1, 3, 5 reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
p 2 2 æpö Þ Here, (x, y) Î R Þ reflexive relation.
thus q = 2, , and n ç ÷ = 3 Þ Since, x e y are born on the same day,
3 5 èqø
When p = 3, q = 1, 2, 4, 5 x RyÞ yRx
So, it is symmeitric relation.
p 3 3 3 æpö Þ x R y, y R Z Þ x R Z (Date of births are same)
thus q = 3, , , and nç ÷=4
2 4 5 èqø So, it is transitive relation.
When p = 4, q = 1, 3, 5 So, the given relation is an equivalent relation.
233. (c) Given, A {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
p 4 4 æpö
thus q = 4, , and n ç ÷ = 3 Set A has 10 elements.
3 5 èqø Number of sub sets Containing 2 and 3 elements is
When p = 5, q = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
10c2 + 10c3 .
æpö 5 5 5 5 æpö
thus ç ÷ = 5,, , and and n ç ÷ =5 10 ´ 9 10 ´ 9 ´ 8
èqø 2 3 4 6 èqø 10c2 + 10c3 = +
When P = 6, q = 1, 5 2 3´ 2
= 45 + 120 = 165
æpö 6 æpö 234. (d) Sum of the numbers = Sum of given numbers.
thus ç ÷ = 6,
and n ç ÷ = 2
èqø 5 èqø (n – 1) ! [100 + 101 + 102 + .....]
Hence, cardinality of the set (s) Here, sum of three digit numbers = Sum of the
= 6 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 5 + 2 = 23. numbers (3 – 1) ! [100 + 101 + 102]
= (1 + 2 + 3) (3 – 1) ! [100 + 101 + 102]
227. (c) We have : = 6 × 2 × 1 [1 + 10 + 100]
x2 + 6 x - 7 < 0 & x 2 + 9 x + 14 > 0 = 12 × 111
= 1332
 EBD_7346
M-34 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
235. (b) Venn diagram Similarly, (110)2 = 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20
=4+2
A B
= (6)10
Quotient = 7
Remainder = 4
(7)10 = (111)2 and (4)10 = (100)2
241. (c) E is the universal set and A = B È C.
from, Venn diagram we can observe that A – B is the Since, E is the universal set, E – A = A'
shaded part. \ E – (E – (E – (E – (E – A))))
(A – B) È A = A = E – (E – (E – (E – A' )))
(A – B) Ç B = f = E – (E – (E – A))
A Í B ÞAÈ B = B = E – (E – A')
236. (a) (1p101)2 + (10q1)2 = (100r00)2 = E –A
Þ (1 × 24 + p × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20) = A'
+ (1 × 23 + 0 × 22 + q × 21 + 1 × 20) = (B È C)'
= 1 × 25 + 0 + 0 + r × 2 2 + 0 + 0 = B1 Ç C'
Þ 16 + 8p + 4 + 1 + 8 + 2q + 1 = 32 + 4r 242. (c) A = {x : x is multiple of 2}
Þ 30 + 8p + 2q = 32 + 4r B = {x : x is multiple of 5}
Þ 8p + 2q = 2 + 4r C = {x : x is multiple of 10}
from options, substitute p = 0, q = 1, r = 0 we get We know, multiples of 2 include multiples of 10.
0 + 2 (1) = 2 + 0 Þ 2 = 2. \ C ÌA
237. (d) S = {x : x2 + 1 = 0, x : 5 real} Also, multiples of 5 include multiples of 10.
\CÌB
x2 + 1 = 0 Þ x2 = – 1 Þ x = -1 ® complex number Also, C = A Ç B
No real numbers. So, S is empty set But B = A Ç C, B Ç C = B
238. (a) Number of students = 150. \ A Ç (B Ç C) = A Ç B = C.
Boys Girls 243. (c) (a, b) R (c, d) Û a + d = b + c
(70 kg) (55 kg)
(i) a + a = a + a.
\ (a, a) R (a, a) Þ R is reflexive.
(ii) (a, b) R (c, d) Þ a + d = b + c
(60 kg)
(c, d) R (a, b) Þ c + b = d + a
5 \ R is symmetric.
10 (iii) Let (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f)
By aligation, ratio = 1 : 2
Þ a + d = b + c and c + f = d + e
1
\ No. of boys = ´ 150 = 50 Þa +d+c+f = b+c+d+e
3
x
239. (c) x + log10(1 + 2 ) = x log105 + log106 Þa+f=b+e
Þ x – x log105 = log106 – log10(1 + 2x) Þ (a, b) R (e, f)
Þ x(1 – log105) = log106 – log10(1 + 2x) \ R is transitive.
æ 6 ö from (i), (ii), (iii) R is an equivalence relation.
Þ x ( log1010 - log10 5 ) = log10 ç ÷
è 1 + 2x ø 244. (b) n = (2017)!

æ æ 10 ö ö æ 6 ö 1 1 1 1
Þ x ç log10 ç ÷ ÷ = log10 ç + + + .... +
è è 5 øø è1 + 2 x ÷ø log 2 n log3 n log 4 n log 2017 n

æ 6 ö 1 1 1 1
Þ x log10 2 = log10 ç ÷ = + + + .... +
è 1 + 2x ø log n log n log n log n
This is possible only when x = 1. log 2 log 3 log 4 log 2017
240. (b) (101110)2 = 1 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20
= 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0 æ log b ö
= (46)10 çèQ log a b = log ÷ø
a
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-35

249. (d) Decimal number = 31.

log 2 log3 log 4 log 2017
= + + + .... +
log n log n log n log n 2 31 1
log 2 + log3 + log 4 + .... + log 2017 2 15 1
= 2 7 1
logn
2 3 1
log ( 2.3.4....2017 ) 2 1 1
=
log n 0
(Q loga +logb + logc + ....= log a.b.c.....)
So, binary form of 31 is 11111.
log ( 2017!) log n
= = =1 1 1 1 1
log n log n 250. (a) + + + .... +
log 2 N log3 N log 4 N log100 N
245. (c) C = (A Ç B') È (A' Ç B)
Let us draw venn diagram and compare it with options. 1 1 1 1
+ + + .... +
log N log N log N log N
=
log 2 log3 log 4 log100

æ log b ö
çèQ log a b = log a ÷ø

log 2 log3 log 4 log

= + + + .... + 100
log N log N log N log N
This also represents (A È B) – (A Ç B)
log 2 + log3 + log 4 + .... + log100
246. (c) x + log15(1 + 3x) = x log155 + log1512 =
log N
Þ x.log1515 + log15(1+3x) = xlog155 + log1512
(Q log1515 = 1) log ( 2.3.4....100)
=
Þ log1515 + log15(1+3 ) = log155 + log1512
x x x
log N
Þ log1515x (1 + 3x) = log15(5x × 12)
log100! 1 1
(Q log a + log b = log ab) = = =
log N log N log100! N
Þ 15 (1 + 3 ) = 5 × 12
x x x
log100!
Þ 3x (1 + 3x) = 12
251. (d) We know, an + bn is divisible by (a + b), if n is odd.
3x + 32x = 12. Here, n = 5 is odd
x = 1 satisfies the above equation. \ 55 + 75 is divisible by 5 + 7 = 12
247. (c) Let us represent the given data in Venn diagram as 252. (b) Number of students who like music, n(m) = 680
shown. Number of students who like dance, n(d) = 215
Total number of students, n(m È d) = 850
Hindi Maths n(m È d) = n(m) + n(d) – n(m Ç d)
Þ 850 = 680 + 215 – n(m Ç d)
Þ n(m Ç d) = 895 – 850 = 45
54 8 63 253. (b) 0 < a < 1
10 Let log10a = –x
Þ a = 10–x
10–x can have values only between 0 and 1
Distance
41 254. (d) Time taken by train to cover first 5km =
Speed
English
5 1
= = hr
Number of students who are good in either Hindi or 30 6
Maths but not in English = 54 + 18 + 63 = 125 15 1
248. (d) From the same Venn diagram, Time taken by train to cover next 15km = = hr .
45 3
Number of students who are good in Hindi and Maths
but not English = 8
 EBD_7346
M-36 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
259. (c) Exactly one = |A| + |B| + |C| –
5 + 15 2[|A Ç B| + |B Ç C| + |A Ç C|] + 3|A Ç B Ç C|
Average speed =
1 1 = 125 + 145 + 90 – 2[32 + 3 × 14] + 3 × 14
+
6 3 = 360 – 106 = 254
20 120
= = = 40km / hr 260. (b) log927 + log832
1+ 2 3
6 = log933 + log825
= 3log93 + 5 log82
3log(32)3 + 5log(23)2
255. (c) Let log 7 log 7 7 7 7 = x
3 5
log33 + log22
then 7x = log 7 7 7 7 2 3

1 3 5 19
7x = .log 7 7 7 7 + =
2 2 3 6
261. (b) On substraction, we get
1é 1 ù
7x = ê log 7 7 + log 7 7 7 ú
2ë 2 û 101101101
-10110110
1é 1 1 ù
= ê1 + log 7 7 + log7 7 ú 10110111
2ë 2 2 û
- 11011
1 é 1 1ù 10011100
= ê1 + + ú
2 ë 2 4û
Þ x = 1, y = 0
7 262. (c) (0.2)x = 2
7x =
8 Taking log on both sides,
æ 7ö 2
x = log7 çè ÷ø x log10 = log102
8
10
x = log77 – log78 x [log102 – log1010] = log102
x = 1 – 3log72 (Q log78 = log723) x [0.3010 – 1] = 0.3010
256. (c) Checking through option ‘c’ is incorrect.
0.3010
257. (b) Number of numbers between 2999 and 8001 x=- » -0.43
= 8001 – 2999 – 1 = 5001 0.6990
263. (d) Given, x = {1, 2, 3, 4}
3
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2)}
Number of numbers with all digit distinct and having 3 R is reflexive, if aRa for all a Î x
as starting digit (4, 4) Ï R
4 = 9 × 8 × 7 = 504 \ R is not reflexive ...(1)
Number of numbers with all digit distinct and having 4 R is transitive, if a R b, b R c Þ aR C for all a, b, c Î x (1, 2),
as starting digit (2, 3), Î R, but (1, 3) Ï R
= 9 × 8 × 7 = 504 \ R is not transitive ...(2)
Similarly number of numbers with starting digit 5, 6 and 7 R is symmetric, if a R b Þ b R a, for all a, b Î x
respectively are 504, 504 and 504. \ R is symmetric ...(3)
Total numbers = 5 × 504 = 2520 From (1), (2), (3) we can say, R, is neither reflexive nor
Hence, required number = 5001 – 2520 = 2481 transitive, but symmetric.
258. (a) 300 = 125 + 145 + 90 – 264. (d) Given, x R Y Þ x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0
(|A Ç B| + |B Ç C| + |A Ç C|) + |A Ç B Ç C| Þ x2 – xy – 3xy + 3y2 = 0
Þ x (x – y) – 3y (x – y) = 0
|A Ç B| + |B Ç C| + |A Ç C|
Þ (x – y) (x – 3y) = 0
= 60 + |A Ç B Ç C| …(i) Reflexive property :
Again, x R x Þ (x – x ) (– 3x) = 0
|A Ç B| + |B Ç C| + |A Ç C| – 3|A Ç B Ç C| = 32 So, R is reflexive ...(1)
Þ |A Ç B| + |B Ç C| + |A Ç C| Symmetric property:
= 32 + 3|A Ç B Ç C| …(ii) Let us check using an example (1, 2) and (2, 1)
From (i) and (ii) for (1, 2) Þ (1 – 2) (1 – 6) = (–1) (–5) = 10
For (2, 1) Þ (2 – 1) (2 – 3) = (1) (–1) = –1
|A Ç B Ç C| = 14
Sets, Relations, Function and Number System M-37

So, R is not symmetric ...(2) n (A Ç C) = 12

Transitive property : n (AÈ B È C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n (A Ç B) – n (B Ç
For (9x, 3x) Þ (9x – 3x) (9x – 9x) = 0 C) – n (A Ç C) + n (A Ç B Ç C)
for (3x, x) Þ (3x – 3x) (3x – 9x) = 0 = 60 + 50 + 48 – 20 – 15 – 12 + n (A Ç B Ç C)
For (9x, x) Þ (9x – x) (9x – 3x) 0 = 111 + n (A Ç B Ç C)
So, (9x, 3x) Î R, (3x, x) Î R but (9x, x) Ï R So, minimum number of students = 111
So, R is not transitive ...(3) 269. (b) n (AÈ B È C) = 111 + n (A Ç B Ç C)
From (1), (2), (3), R is reflexive, but not symmetric and Maximum number of students = 111 + 12 = 123
transitive. 270. (d) f(x) = log10(1 + x)
4·f(4) + 5·f(1) – log102
265. (a) 1. ( A Ç B) È ( A Ç B) È ( A Ç B) = A È B
= 4·log10(1 + 4) + 5·log10(1 + 1) – log102
Let us draw Venn diagram. = 4 log105 + 5 log102 – log102
= 4 log105 + 4 log102
= 4 (log105 + log102)
= 4 (log1010) = 4
271. (c) f(r) is ratio of perimeter to area of circle of radius r.
Perimeter of circle = 2pr
Area of circle = pr2
2pr 2
f(r) = 2
=
pr r
2 2
So, f(1) + f(2) = + = 2 +1 = 3
1 2
\ 1 is correct. 272. (a) Given, diameter of circle = 44 cm.
2. A È ( A Ç B) = A radius of circle = 22 cm
Chord of circle = 22 cm

A B
In figure DOAB is equilateral triangle. Angle is 60°. So,
1
arc is times circumstance.
\ 2 is not correct. 6
266. (b) Statements (2) and (3) are correct.
1 1 22
267. (b) A = {l, {l, m}} Length of arc = ´ 2pr = ´ 2 ´ ´ 22
Power set = {f, {l}, {{l, m}}, {l ,{l , m}}} 6 6 7
268. (b) Number of students who play chess, n (A) = 60 484
Number of students who play tennis, n (B) = 50 = cm
21
Number of students who play carrom, n (C) = 48
Given, n (A Ç B) = 20
n (B Ç C) = 15
 EBD_7346
M-38 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

2
Polynomial, Quadratic
Equation & Inequalities
1. If the roots of the equation 4b2 + lb – 2 = 0 are of the from 8. If sin q and cos q are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
constants a, b, c will satisfy which one of the following
k k +1
and , then what is the value of l ? conditions? [2006-II]
k +1 k+2 (a) a2 + b2 + 2ac = 0 (b) a2 + b2 – 2ac = 0
(a) 2k (b) 7 (c) a2 – b2 + 2ac = 0 (d) – a2 + b2 + 2ac = 0
(c) 2 (d) k + 1 [2006-I] 9. 2 2 2
If a + b + c = 0, then what is
2. Given 4a – 2b + c = 0 where a, b, c Î R, which of the following
statements is/are not true in general ? ( a 4 - b 4 ) 3 + ( b 4 - c 4 ) 3 + (c 4 - a 4 ) 3
1. (x + 2) will always be a factor of the expression ( a 2 - b 2 ) 3 + ( b 2 - c 2 ) 3 + (c 2 - a 2 ) 3
ax2 + bx + c. equal to ?
2. (x – 2) will always be a factor of the expression (a) a 2 b2 c 2 (b) – a2b2c2
ax2 + bx + c. (c) abc (d) 3a 2 b2 c2 [2006-II]
3. There will be a factor of the expression ax2 + bx + c 10. If 0 < x < y < p, then which one of the following is correct?
different from (x + 2). (a) x – cos x > y – cos y
Select the correct answer using the code given below : (b) x – cos x < y – cos y
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) x + cos x > y + cos y
(c) 2 only (d) 1 only [2006-I] (d) x + cos x < y + cos y [2006-II]
3. If the sum of the squares of the roots of 1
x 2 – (p – 2) x – (p + 1) = 0 (p Î R) is 5, é æ 1 öù m +1
11. What is the (m – 1)th root of ê(a m ) m - ç ÷ú ?
then what is the value of p ? [2006-I] ë è m øû
(a) 0 (b) – 1 (a) a m+(1/m) (b) a m–(1/m)
3 (c) a (d) 1 [2006-II]
(c) 1 (d) 12. Let a, b Î {1, 2, 3}. What is the number of equations of the
2
form ax2 + bx + 1 = 0 having real roots ?
4. What is the number of real solutions of [2006-I]
(a) 1 (b) 2
| x2 – x – 6 | = x + 2 ? (c) 5 (d) 3 [2006-II]
(a) 4 (b) 3 13. If px2 + qx + r = p (x – a) (x – b), and p3 + pq + r = 0; p,q and
(c) 2 (d) 1 r being real numbers, then which of the following is not
5. If the roots of x2 – 2mx + m2 – 1 = 0 lie between – 2 and 4, possible ?
then which one of the following is correct ? (a) a = b = p (b) a ¹ b = p
(a) – 1 £ m £ 3 (b) – 3 £ m £ 3
(c) a = b ¹ p (d) b ¹ a = p [2006-II]
(c) – 3 £ m £ 5 (d) – 1 £ m £ 5 [2006-I] 2 2
14. If the equation x + k = 2 ( k + 1) x has equal roots, then
6. If (log3 x)2 + log3 x < 2, then which one of the following is
what is the value of k? [2007-I]
correct ?
1 1
1 1 (a) – (b) –
(a) 0 < x < (b) <x<3 3 2
9 9 (c) 0 (d) 1
1 15. If x = a1/3– a–1/3, then what is x3 + 3x equal to? [2007-I]
(c) 3 < x < ¥ (d) £x£3 [2006-I]
9 æ 1ö
(a) zero (b) a+ç ÷
7. For what values of a does the equation è aø
cos 2x + a sin x = 2a – 7 possess a real solution ? [2006-II]
(b) a ³ 8 æ 1ö æ 1ö
(a) a < 2 (c) a–ç ÷ (d) a3 + ç ÷
(c) a > 8 (d) a is any integer < – 2 è aø è a3 ø
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-39

16. If x1/3+ y1/3 +z1/3 = 0 then what is ( x + y + z) 3 equal to? 28. The number of rows in a lecture hall equals the number of
(a) 1 (b) 3 seats in a row. If the number of rows is doubled and the
(c) 3xyz (d) 27 xyz [2007-I] number of seats in every row is reduced by 10, the number
17. If a, b are the roots of ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and a +d, b+d are the of seats is increased by 300. If x denotes the number of rows
roots of Ax2 + 2Bx + C = 0, then what is (b2 – ac)/(B2 – AC)
in the lecture hall, then what is the value of x ?
equal to? [2007-I]
(a) (b/ B)2 (b) (a/A)2 (a) 10 (b) 15
(c) (a2b2)/(A2B2 ) (d) (ab)/(AB) (c) 20 (d) 30 [2007-II]
18. If a, b are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, then 29. If a, b are the roots of the equation lx2 – mx + m = 0,
what is the value of (aa + b)–1 + (ab + b)–1? [2007-I]
l ¹ m, l ¹ 0, then which one of the following statements is
(a) a/(bc) (b) b/ac
(c) –b/(ac) (d) –a/(bc) correct ? [2007-II]
19. If a, b are the roots of the equations x2 – 2x– 1 = 0, then what
is the value of a2 b–2+ a –2 b2 [2007-I] a b m
(a) + - =0
(a) –2 (b) 0 b a l
(c) 30 (d) 34
20. Which one of the following values of x, y satisfies the in
a b m
equation 2x + 3y £ 6; x ³ 0, y ³ 0 ? [2007-I] (b) + + =0
(a) x = 0, y = 3 (b) x = 1, y = 2 b a l
(c) x =1, y = 1 (d) x = 4, y = 0
8 a+b m
21. What is the value of x at the intersection of y = (c) - =0
2
(x + 4) ab l
and x + y = 2 ? [2007-I] (d) The arithmetic mean of a and b is the same as their
(a) 0 (b) 1 geometric mean
(c) 2 (d) –1
30. For what value of k, are the roots of the quadratic equation
22. If the roots of the equations x2– ( a –1) x + ( a + b) = 0 and
ax2 – 2x + b = 0 are identical, then what are the values of a (k + 1) x2 –2 (k – 1) x + 1 = 0 real and equal ? [2007-II]
and b? (a) k = 0 only (b) k = – 3 only
(a) a = 2, b = 4 (b) a = 2, b = –4 (c) k = 0 or k = 3 (d) k = 0 or k = – 3
1 1 31. 2
If roots of an equation ax + bx + c = 0 are positive, then
(c) a = 1, b = (d) a = –1, b = –
2 2 which one of the following is correct?
[2007-I]
(a) Signs of a and c should be like
23. How many real values of x satisfy the equation |x|+|x–1|=1?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (b) Signs of b and c should be like
(c) Infinite (d) No value of x [2007-I] (c) Signs of a and b should be like
24. What is the number of digits in the numeral form of 817? (d) None of the above [2007-II]
(Given log102 = 0.3010) 2
32. Which one of the following is correct ? If 4 < x < 9, then
(a) 51 (b) 16
(c) 15 (d) 14 [2007-I] [2007-II]
25. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0, then (a) 2 < x < 3 only (b) – 3 < x < – 2 only
what is the equation whose roots are a19 and b7 ? (c) 2 < x < 3, – 3 < x < – 2 (d) None of these
(a) x2 – x – 1= 0 (b) x2 – x + 1 = 0 33. If a and b are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
2
(c) x + x – 1= 0 (d) x2 + x + 1= 0 [2007-II] what are the roots of the equation cx2 + bx + a= 0 ?
26. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + 6x + 1 = 0, then
what is | a - b | equal to ? 1 1
(a) b, (b) a,
(a) 6 (b) 3 2 a b
(c) 4 2 (d) 12 [2007-II]
1 1
(c) -a, -b (d) , [2007-II]
1 a b
27. If r 1/3 + = 3 for a real number r ¹ 0, then what is
r1/ 3
34. If x and y are real numbers such that x > y and | x | > | y |, then
1
r+ equal to? [2007-II] which one of the following is correct?
r
(a) 27 (b) 36 (a) x > 0 (b) y > 0
(c) 9 (d) 18 (c) y < 0 (d) x < 0 [2007-II]
 EBD_7346
M-40 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
35. What are the linear constraints for which the shaded area in 43. If r and s are roots of x2 + px + q = 0, then what is the value
of (1/r2) + (1/s2)? [2008-II]
the above figure is the solution set ? [2007-II]
2
p – 4q
Y (a) p2 – 4q (b)
2
x+
2y p 2 – 4q p 2 – 2q
=8 (c) (d)
q2 q2
44. If x is an integer and satisfies 9 < 4x – 1 £ 19, then x is an
=1
x –y element of which one of the following sets? [2008-II]
(a) {3, 4} (b) {2, 3, 4}
(c) {3, 4, 5} (d) {2, 3, 4, 5}
x
+
y
=1

45. If a = x + x 2 + 1 , then what is x equal to? [2008-II]

O x
(a) (1/ 2 ) ( a + a –1 ) (b) (1/ 2 ) ( a – a –1 )
(c) a + a–1 (d) a – a–1
46. A quadratic polynomial with two distinct roots has one real
(a) x - y ³ 1; x + 2y £ 8; x + y ³ 1; x, y ³ 0
root. Then, the other root is [2008-II]
(b) x - y £ 1; x + 2y ³ 8; x + y £ 1; x, y ³ 0 (a) not necessarily real, if the coefficients are real
(c) x - y £ 1; x + 2y £ 8; x + y ³ 1; x, y ³ 0 (b) always imaginary
(c) always real
(d) x - y £ 1; x + 2y £ 8; x + y £ 1; x, y ³ 0 (d) real, if the coefficients are real
36. If x is real and x2 – 3x + 2 > 0, x2 – 3x – 4 £ 0, then which one 47. If sina and cosa are the roots of the equation px2 + qx + r
of the following is correct? [2008-I] = 0, then which one of the following is correct? [2008-II]
(a) -1 £ x £ 4 (b) 2 £ x £ 4 (a) p2 + q2 – 2pr = 0
(b) p2 – q2 + 2pr = 0
(c) -1 < x £ 1 (d) -1 £ x < 1 or 2 < x £ 4
1 / 3 – 1/3
(c) (p + r)2 = 2(p2 + r2)
37. If x = 2 – 2 , then what is the value of 2x3 + 6x ? (d) (p – r)2 = q2 + r2
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4 [2008-I] 48. If a and b are the roots of x2 + 4x + 6 = 0, then what is the
38. What is the value of value of a3 + b3 ? [2008-II]
(a) –2/3 (b) 2/3
5 5 5 ....¥ ? [2008-I] (c) 4 (d) 8
49. If sum of the roots of 3x2 + (3p + 1) x – (p + 5) = 0 is equal to
(a) 5 (b) 5 their product, then what is the value of p? [2008-II]
(c) 1 (d) (5)1 / 4 (a) 2 (b) 3
39. For the real numbers p, q, r, x, y, let p < x < q and p < y < r. (c) 4 (d) 9
Which one of the following is correct? [2008-I] 50. If a polygon has 20 diagonals, then what is the number of
(a) p < x < y < r (b) p < x < q < r sides? [2008-II]
(c) p < y < x < q (d) None of these (a) 6 (b) 10
40. One root of the equation x2 = px + q is reciprocal of the other (c) 12 (d) 8
and p ¹ ±1. What is the value of q? [2008-I] 51. Let a, g be the roots of Ax2 – 4x + 1 = 0 and b, d be the
(a) q = – 1 (b) q = 1 roots of Bx2 – 6x + 1 = 0. If a, g, b, d are in HP, then what are
1 the values of A and B respectively? [2009-I]
(c) q = 0 (d) q =
2 (a) 3, 8 (b) –3, –8
41. If the equation x2 + kx + 1 = 0 has the roots a and b, then (c) 3, –8 (d) –3, 8
what is the value of (a + b) × (a–1 + b–1) ? [2008-I] 52. If 2x + 3y = 17 and 2x + 2 – 3y + 1 = 5, then what is the value
of x? [2009-I]
1
(a) k2 (b) (a) 3 (b) 2
k2 (c) 1 (d) 0
1 53. If (x + a) is a factor of both the quadratic polynomials
(c) 2k2 (d) x2 + px + q and x2 + lx + m, where p, q, l and m are constants,
( 2k 2 ) then which one of the following is correct? [2009-I]
42. If the roots of the equation x2 – bx + c = 0 are two consecutive (a) a = (m – q) / (l – p) (l ¹ p)
integers, then what is the value of b2– 4c? [2008-II]
(b) a = (m + q) / (l + p) (l ¹ – p)
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) –2 (d) 3 (c) l = (m – q) / (a – p) (a ¹ p)
(d) p = (m – q) / (a – l) (a ¹ l)
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-41

54. Which one of the following is one of the roots of the

1
equation (b – c)x2 + (c – a)x + (a – b) = 0? [2009-I] 66. If is one of the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a,
(a) (c – a) / (b – c) (b) (a – b) / (b – c) 2 – –2
(c) (b – c) / (a – b) (d) (c – a) / (a – b) b, c are real, then what are the values of a, b, c respectively?
55. What is the value of x satisfying the equation (a) 6, – 4, 1 (b) 4, 6, – 1 [2010-I]
3 (c) 3, – 2, 1 (d) 6, 4, 1
æa– xö a+x
16 ç ÷ = ? [2009-I] 67. If a, b are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – x + 1 = 0,
èa+xø a–x then which one of the following is correct? [2010-I]
(a) a/2 (b) a/3 (a) (a4 – b4) is real (b) 2 (a6 + b5) = (ab)5
(c) a/4 (d) 0 (c) (a6 – b6) = 0 (d) (a8 + b8) = (ab)8
56. If a, b are the roots of the equation 2x2 – 2(1 + n2) x + (1 + 68. If p and q are positive integers, then which one of the
n2 + n4) = 0, then what is the value of a 2 + b 2 ? [2009-I] following equations has p – q as one of its roots?
(a) 2n2 (b) 2n4 [2010-I]
(c) 2 (d) n 2 (a) x2 – 2px – (p2 – q) = 0 (b) x2 – 2px + (p2 – q) = 0
57. 2
The roots of Ax + Bx + C = 0 are r and s. For the roots of (c) x2 + 2px – (p2 – q) = 0 (d) x2 + 2px + (p2 – q) = 0
x2 + px + q = 0 to be r2 and s2, what must be the value of p? 69. If the product of the roots of the equation x2 – 5x + k = 15 is
[2009-I] – 3, then what is the value of k? [2010-I]
(a) (B2 – 4AC) / A2 (b) (B2 – 2AC) / A2 (a) 12 (b) 15
(c) (2AC – B2) / A2 (d) B2 – 2C (c) 16 (d) 18
58. If a, b are the roots of ax2 + bx + b = 0, then what is 70. If the equation x2 – bx + 1 = 0 does not possess real roots,
a b b then which one of the following is correct? [2010-I]
+ + equal to? [2009-II] (a) –3 < b < 3 (b) –2 < b < 2
b a a
(c) b > 2 (d) b < –2
(a) 0 (b) 1 71. If p and q are the roots of the equation x2 –px + q = 0, then
(c) 2 (d) 3 what are the values of p and q respectively? [2010-I]
59. If the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are sin a and cos a for some (a) 1 , 0 (b) 0, 1
a, then which one of the following is correct? [2009-II] (c) –2, 0 (d) –2, 1
(a) a2 + b2 = 2ac (b) b2 – c2 = 2ab 72. If the equations x2+ kx + 64 = 0 and x2 – 8x + k = 0 have real
2 2
(c) b – a = 2ac (d) b2 + c2 = 2ab
1/3 2/3
roots, then what is the value of k? [2010-II]
60. If x = 2+2 + 2 , then what is the value of (a) 4 (b) 8
x3 – 6x2 + 6x? [2009-II] (c) 12 (d) 16
(a) 1 (b) 2 73. If the roots of the equation
(c) 3 (d) –2 (a2 + b2) x2 – 2b (a + c) x + (b2 + c2) = 0 are equal, then
61. The roots of the equation (x – p) (x – q) = r2, where p, q, r are which one of the following is correct? [2010-II]
real, are [2009-II]
(a) 2b = a + c (b) b2 = ac
(a) always complex
(c) b + c = 2a (d) b = ac
(b) always real
(c) always purely imaginary 74. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 – 2x + 4 = 0, then
(d) None of these what is the value of a3 + b3? [2010-II]
62. The equation x –2(x–1)–1=1–2(x–1)–1 has [2009-II] (a) 16 (b) – 16
(a) no roots (b) one root (c) 8 (d) – 8
(c) two equal roots (d) infinite roots 75. Wh ich of the following are th e two roots of the
63. If a, b and c are real numbers then the roots of the equation equation (x2 + 2)2 + 8x2 = 6x(x2 + 2)? [2010-II]
(x – a) (x – b) + (x – b) (x – c) + (x – c) (x – a) = 0 are always (a) 1 ± i (b) 2 ± i
[2009-II]
(a) real (b) imaginary (c) 1 ± 2 (d) 2 ± i 2
(c) positive (d) negative 76. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0,
64. For the two equations x2 + mx + 1 = 0 and x2 + x + m = 0, what then which of the following are the roots of the equation
is/are the value/ values of m for which these equations have x2 – x + 1 = 0? [2010-II]
at least one common root? [2009-II]
(a) –2 only (b) 1 only
(a) α 7 and b13 (b) α13 and b7
(c) –2 and 1 (d) –2 and –1
(c) α 20 and b 20 (d) None of these
65. Consider the equation (x – p) (x – 6) + 1 = 0 having integral
coefficients. If the equation has integral roots, then what 77. What is the solution set for the equation [2011-I]
values can p have? [2010-I] x4 – 26x2 + 25 = 0
(a) 4 or 8 (b) 5 or 10 (a) {– 5, – 1, 1, 5} (b) {– 5, – 1}
(c) 6 or 12 (d) 3 or 6 (c) {1, 5} (d) {– 5, 0, 1, 5}
 EBD_7346
M-42 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
78. If a and b are the roots of the equation 90. If the equations x2 – px + q = 0 and x2 – ax + b = 0 have a
4x2 + 3x + 7 = 0, then what is the value of (a–2 + b–2)? common root and the roots of the second equation are equal,
(a) 47 / 49 (b) 49 / 47 [2011-I] then which one of the following is correct?
(c) – 47 / 49 (d) – 49 / 47 [2011-II]
79. What is the set of points (x, y) satisfying the (a) aq = 2(b + p) (b) aq = (b + p)
equations x2 + y2 = 4 and x + y = 2? [2011-I] (c) ap = 2(b + q) (d) ap = b + q
(a) {(2, 0), (– 2, 0), (0, 2)} 91. Let a and b be the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1= 0. The
(b) {(0, 2), (0, – 2)} equation whose roots are a19 and b7 is [2011-II]
(c) {(0, 2), (2, 0)} (a) x2 – x – 1 = 0 (b) x2 – x + 1 = 0
(d) {(2, 0), (– 2, 0), (0, 2), (0, – 2)} (c) x2 + x – 1 = 0 (d) x2 + x + 1 = 0
80. If p, q and r are rational numbers, then the roots of the 92. What is the value of [2011-II]
equation x2 – 2px + p2 – q2 + 2qr – r2 = 0 are [2011-I]
(a) complex (b) pure imaginary 8 + 2 8 + 2 8 + 2 8 + .... ¥ ?
(c) irrational (d) rational
(a) 10 (b) 8
81. What is the sum of the roots of the equation (c) 6 (d) 4
( 2 - 3 ) x2 - (7 - 4 3 ) x + (2 + 3 ) = 0 ? [2011-I]
93. If sinq = x +
a
for all x Î R - {0} , then which one of the
(a) (b) x
2- 3 2+ 3
following is correct? [2011-II]
(c) 7 - 4 3 (d) 4
1
82. One of the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a) a³4 (b) a³
2
a ¹ 0 is positive and the other root is negative. The
condition for this to happen is [2011-I] 1 1
(c) a£ (d) a £
(a) a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 (b) a > 0, b < 0, c > 0 4 2
(c) a < 0, b > 0, c < 0 (d) a < 0, c > 0 94. The equation tan4x – 2 sec2x + a2 = 0 will have at least one
83. What is the condition that one root of the equation ax2 + bx real solution if [2011-II]
+ c = 0, a ¹ 0 should be double the other? [2011-I] (a) a £4 (b) a £2
(a) 2a2 = 9bc (b) 2b2 = 9ac
(c) 2c2 = 9ab (d) None of these (c) a £ 3 (d) None of the above
84. If x + y £ 4 , then the how many non-zero positive integer 95. If the roots of the equation x2 – 4x – log3 N = 0 are real, then
ordered pair (x, y)? [2011-I] what is the minimum value of N ? [2011-II]
(a) 4 (b) 5 (a) 1/256 (b) 1/27
(c) 6 (d) 8 (c) 1/64 (d) 1/81
96. If one of the roots of the equation a(b – c)x2 + b(c – a)x +
85. If 3 is the root of the equation x2 – 8x + k = 0, then what is the
value of k? [2011-I] c(a – b) = 0 is 1, what is the second root? [2011-II]
(a) – 15 (b) 9 b (c - a ) b (c - a)
(a) - (b)
(c) 15 (d) 24 a (b - c ) a (b - c )
86. If sum of squares of the r oots of th e equation
x2 + kx – b = 0 is 2b, what is k equal to?[2011-I] c (a - b) c (a - b)
(c) (d) -
(a) 1 (b) b a (b - c ) a (b - c )
(c) – b (d) 0
87. If one root of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ¹ 0 is reciprocal 97. What are the roots of the equation 2(y + 2)2 – 5(y + 2) = 12?
of the other root, then which one of the following is correct? [2011-II]
[2011-I] (a) – 7/2, 2 (b) – 3/2, 4
(a) a = c (b) b = c (c) – 5/3, 3 (d) 3/2, 4
(c) a = – c (d) b = 0 98. If the roots of the equation 3x2 – 5x + q = 0 are equal, then
what is the value of q? [2011-II]
88. The equation x2 – 4x + 29 = 0 has one root 2 + 5i. What is the
(a) 2 (b) 5/12
other root? [2011-II]
(c) 12/25 (d) 25/12
(i = -1 ) 99. If the difference between the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 is 1,
(a) 2 (b) 5 then which one of the following is correct? [2012-I]
(c) 2 + 5i (d) 2 – 5i (a) b2 = a(a + 4c) (b) a2 = b(b + 4c)
89. Let a, b be the roots of the equation (x – a) (x – b) = c, c ¹ (c) a2 = c(a + 4c) (d) b2 = a(b + 4c)
0. Then the roots of the equation (x – a) (x – b) + c = 0 are 100. If one of the roots of the equation x2 + ax – 6 = 0 is 1, then
[2011-II] what is (a – 6) equal to? [2012-I]
(a) a, c (b) b, c (a) – 1 (b) 1
(c) a, b (d) a + b, a + c (c) 2 (d) – 2
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-43

101. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 – q(1 + x) – r = 0, 113. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0, then
then what is (1 + a) (1 + b) equal to? [2012-I] what is the value of a–1 + b–1 ? [2013-I]
(a) 1 – r (b) q – r b b
(c) 1 + r (d) q + r (a) - (b)
c c
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 102-103): For the next [02] questions that
follow: c c
(c) (d) -
The equation formed by multiplying each root of b b
ax2 + bx + c = 0 by 2 is x2 + 36x + 24 = 0 114. The area of a rectangle whose length is five more than twice
102. What is b:c equal to? [2012-I] its width is 75 square unit. The length is [2013-I]
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (a) 5 unit (b) 10 unit
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 3 : 2 (c) 15 unit (d) 20 unit
103. Which one of the following is correct? [2012-I] 115. (x + 1)2 – 1 = 0 has [2013-I]
(a) bc = a2 (b) bc = 36a2 (a) one real root (b) two real roots
(c) bc = 72a2 (d) bc = 108 a2 (c) two imaginary roots (d) four real roots
104. What is the sum of the squares of the roots of the equation 116. What is the positive square root of 7 + 4 3 ? [2013-II]
x2 + 2x – 143 = 0 [2012-I]
(a) 170 (b) 180 (a) 3 -1 (b) 3 +1
(c) 190 (d) 290 (c) 3-2 (d) 3+2
105. The solution of the simultaneous linear equations 2x + y = 6
and 3y = 8 + 4x will also be satisfied by which one of the 117. If a, b are the roots of the equation x 2 + x + 2 = 0 , then
following linear equations? [2012-I]
a10 + b10
(a) x + y = 5 (b) 2x + y = 5 what is equal to? [2013-II]
(c) 2x – 3y = 10 (d) 2x + 3y = 6 a -10 + b -10
106. If the roots of a quadratic equation are m + n and m – n, then (a) 4096 (b) 2048
the quadratic equation will be : [2012-II] (c) 1024 (d) 512
(a) x2 + 2 mx + m2 – mn + n2 = 0 118. If a and b are rational and b is not perfect square, then the
(b) x2 + 2 mx + (m – n)2 = 0 quadratic equation with rational coefficients whose one root
(c) x2 – 2 mx + m2 – n2 = 0 is 3a + b is [2013-II]
(d) x2 + 2 mx + m2 – n2 = 0
107. If a, b are the roots of x2 + px – q = 0 and g, d are the roots of (a) x 2 - 6ax + 9a 2 - b = 0 (b) 3ax 2 + x - b = 0
x2 – px + r = 0 then what is (b + g) (b + d) equal to ?
(c) x 2 + 3ax + b = 0 (d) bx 2 + x - 3a = 0
(a) p + r (b) p + q [2012-II]
119. How man y real roots does the quadratic equation
(c) q + r (d) p – q
108. If the roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 – 5x + p = 0 are real f ( x) = x 2 + 3 x + 2 = 0 have ? [2013-II]
and unequal, then which one of the following is correct? (a) One (b) Two
(a) p = 25/12 (b) p < 25/12 [2012-II]
(c) Fore (d) No real root
(c) p > 25/12 (d) p £ 25/12
120. If a, b are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + b = 0, then
109. If 4x – 6.2x + 8 = 0, then the values of x are [2013-I]
(a) 1, 2 (b) 1, 1 a b b
what is the value of + + ? [2013-II]
(c) 1, 0 (d) 2, 2 b a a
110. If the roots of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are a and
(a) –1 (b) 0
b, then the quadratic equation having roots a2 and b2 is
(c) 1 (d) 2
(a) x2 – (b2 – 2ac) x + c = 0 [2013-I]
121. The roots of the equation [2013-II]
(b) a2x2 – (b2 – 2ac) x + c = 0
x2 – 8x + 16 = 0
(c) ax2 – (b2 – 2ac) x + c2 = 0
(d) a2x2 – (b2 – 2ac) x + c2 = 0 (a) are imaginary (b) are distinct and real
111. If the roots of the equation 3ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 are in the ratio (c) are equal and real (d) cannot be ascertained
2 : 3, then which one of the following is correct? 122. What is the difference in the roots of the equation
(a) 8ac = 25b (b) 8ac = 9b2 [2013-I] x2– 10x + 9 = 0 ? [2013-II]
2
(c) 8b = 9ac (d) 8b2 = 25ac (a) 2 (b) 3
112. If the sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is 3 and the (c) 5 (d) 8
product is 2, then the equation is [2013-I] 123. If 8x – 9y = 20 and 7x – 10y = 9, then what is 2x – y equal to ?
(a) 2x2– x + 3 = 0 (b) x2–3 x + 2 = 0 [2013-II]
(c) x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 (d) x2– 3x – 2 = 0 (a) 10 (b) 11
(c) 12 (d) 13
 EBD_7346
M-44 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
124. The quadratic equation x2 + bx + 4 = 0 will have real roots if 134. If the sum of the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal
[2013-II] to the sum of their squares, then [2015-II]
(a) (a) a2 + b2 = c2 (b) a2 + b2 = a + b
b £ -4 only (b) b ³ 4 only
(c) ab + b2 = 2ac (d) ab – b2 = 2ac
(c) -4 < b < 4 (d) b £ -4, b ³ 4 135. If the roots of the equation x2 – nx + m = 0 differ by 1, then
125. If a and b are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where [2015-II]
a ¹ 0, then (aa + b)(ab + b) is equal to : [2014-I] (a) n2 – 4m – 1 = 0 (b) n2 + 4m – 1 = 0
(a) ab (b) bc (c) m2 + 4n + 1 = 0 (d) m2 – 4n – 1 = 0
(c) ca (d) abc 136. If x2 + px + 4 > 0 for all real values of x, then which one of the
126. The roots of the equation 2a2x2 – 2abx + b2 = 0 when a < 0 following is correct? [2016-I]
and b > 0 are : [2014-I] (a) | p | < 4 (b) | p | £ 4
(a) Sometimes complex (b) Always irrational
(c) Always complex (d) Always real (c) | p | > 4 (d) | p | ³ 4
127. Every quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c, Î R, DIRECTIONS (Qs. 137-138): For the next two (2) items
a ¹ 0 has [2014-II] that follow:
(a) exactly one real root. (b) at least one real root.
(c) at least two real roots. (d) at most two real roots. 27(x 2/3 - x)
Consider the function f (x) = [2016-I]
4
128. If a, b are the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 and a + h, b + h are
137. How many solutions does the function f(x) = 1 have?
the roots of px 2 + qx + r = 0 , then what is h equal to ? (a) One (b) Two
[2014-II] (c) Three (d) Four
138. How many solutions does the function f(x) = –1 have?
1 æb qö 1æ b qö (a) One (b) Two
(a) - (b) - +
2 çè a p ÷ø 2 çè a p ÷ø (c) Three (d) Four
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 139-140): For the next two (2) items
1 æ b qö 1 æ b qö that follow:
+ - +
2 çè p a ÷ø
(c) (d)
2 çè p a ÷ø Let a and b (a <b) be the roots of the equation x 2 + bx + c = 0,
129. Consider the following statements in respect of the given where b > 0 and c < 0. [2016-I]
equation : [2015-I] 139. Consider the following:
(x2 + 2)2 + 8x2 = 6x (x2 + 2) 1. b < -a 2. b < | a |
1. All the roots of the equation are complex. Which of the above is/are correct?
2. The sum of all the roots of the equation is 6. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 140. Consider the following:
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. a + b + ab > 0
130. In solving a problem that reduces to a quadratic equation, 2. a 2b +b2 a > 0
one student makes a mistake in the constant term and obtains Which of the above is/are correct?
8 and 2 for roots. Another student makes a mistake only in (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
the coefficient of first-degree term and finds –9 and –1 for (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
roots. The correct equation is [2015-I] 141. If one root of the equation (1 – m) x2 + l x + 1 = 0 is double the
(a) x2 – 10x + 9 = 0 (b) x2 – 10x + 9 = 0 other and l is real, then what is the greatest value of m?
(c) x2 – 10x + 16 = 0 (d) x2 – 8x – 9 = 0 [2016-I]
131. If m and n are the roots of the equation (x + p) (x + q) – k = 0,
then the roots of the equation (x – m) (x – n) + k = 0 are 9 9
(a) - (b)
[2015-I] 8 8
1 1 8 8
(a) P and q (b) and (c) - (d)
p q 9 9
(c) –p and –q (d) p + q and p – q 142. If c > 0 and 4a + c < 2b, then ax2 – bx + c = 0 has a root in
which one of the following intervals? [2016-II]
132. If 2p + 3q = 18 and 4p2 + 4pq – 3q2 – 36 = 0, then what is
(a) (0, 2) (b) (2, 3)
(2p + q) equal to? [2015-I]
(c) (3, 4) (d) (–2, 0)
(a) 6 (b) 7 143. If both the roots of the equation x2 – 2kx + k2 – 4 = 0 lie
(c) 10 (d) 20 between –3 and 5, then which one of the following is
133. The number of real roots of the equation x2 – 3 |x| + 2 = 0 is correct? [2016-II]
[2015-II] (a) –2 < k < 2 (b) –5 < k < 3
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) 1 (c) –3 < k < 5 (d) –1 < k < 3
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-45

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 144-145): Consider the following for the 153. If cot a and cot b are the roots of the equation
next two (02) items that follow: x2 + bx + c = 0 with b ¹ 0, then the value of cot (a + b) is
Let a and b be the roots of the equation [2017-I]
x2 – (1 – 2a2) x + (1 – 2a2) = 0
144. Under what condition does the above equation have real c -1 1- c
(a) (b)
roots ? [2016-II] b b
2 1 12 b b
(a) a < (b) a > (c) (d)
2 2 c -1 1- c
2 1 2 1 154. The roots of the equation [2017-II]
(c) a £ (d) a ³
2 2
(q - r) x 2
+ ( r - p ) x + ( p - q ) = 0 are
1 1
145. Under what condition is 2 + 2 < 1 ? [2016-II] (a) (r – p) / (q – r), 1/2 (b) (p – q) / (q – r), 1
a b (c) (q – r) / (p – q), 1 (d) (r – p) / (p – q), 1/2
1 2 1 155. If a and b are the roots of the equation 1 + x + x2 = 0, then
(a) a 2 < (b) a >
2 2 é1 b ù éa bù
the matrix product ê úê b úû
is equal to [2017-II]
2 æ1 1ö ëa a û ë1
(c) a 2 >1 (d) a Î ç , ÷ only
è3 2ø
é1 1ù é -1 - 1ù
146. What is the greatest value of the positive integer n satisfying ê1 2 ú (b) ê -1 2 úû
(a)
the condition [2016-II] ë û ë
1 1 1 1 1 é1 - 1 ù é -1 - 1 ù
1+ + + + ...... + n–1 < 2 – ?
2 4 8 2 1000 (c) ê -1 2 ú (d) ê -1 - 2 ú
ë û ë û
(a) 8 (b) 9
156. If | a | denotes the absolute value of an integer, then which
(c) 10 (d) 11
of the following are correct? [2017-II]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 147-148): Consider the following for the
1. | ab | = | a | | b | 2. | a + b| £ | a | + | b |
next two (02) items that follow:
3. | a – b | ³ | | a | – | b | |
2x2 + 3x – a – 0 has roots –2 and b while the equation x2 – 3mx + Select the correct answer using the code given below.
2m2 = 0 has both roots positive, where a > 0 and b > 0. (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
147. What is the value of a ? [2016-II] (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1/2 (b) 1
157. The sum of all real roots of the equation | x – 3 |2 +
(c) 2 (d) 4
| x – 3 | – 2 = 0 is [2017-II]
148. If b , 2, 2m are in GP, then what is the value of β m ? (a) 2 (b) 3
[2016-II] (c) 4 (d) 6
(a) 1 (b) 2 158. It is given that the roots of the equation x2 – 4x – log3 P = 0
(c) 4 (d) 6 are real. For this, the minimum value of P is [2017-II]
149. If the point (a, a) lies between the lines x + y = 2, then 1 1
(a) (b)
which one of the following is correct? [2016-II] 27 64
(a) a < 2 (b) a < 2 1
(c) (d) 1
81
1
(c) a <1 (d) a < 159. If a and b are the roots of the equation 3x2 + 2x + 1 = 0, then
2 the equation whose roots are a + b–1 and b + a–1 is
150. If the roots of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 are in the same [2017-II]
ratio as those of the equation x2 + lx + m = 0, then which one (a) 3x2 + 8x + 16 = 0 (b) 3x2 – 8x – 16 = 0
of the following is correct? [2017-I] (c) 3x2 + 8x – 16 = 0 (d) x2 + 8x + 16 = 0
(a) p2m = l2q (b) m2p = l2p
p æPö æ Qö
(c) m2p = q2l (d) m2p2 = l2q 160. In DPQR, ÐR = . If than ç ÷ and tan ç ÷ are the roots
151. If 1, w, w are the cube roots of unity, then (1 + w) (1 + w2)
2 2 è2ø è2ø
2
of the equation ax + bx + c = 0, then which one of the
(1 + w3) (1 + w + w2) is equal to [2017-I]
(a) –2 (b) –1 following is correct? [2017-II]
(c) 0 (d) 2 (a) a = b + c (b) b = c + a
152. If the graph of a quadratic polynomial lies entirely above (c) c = a + b (d) b = c
x-axis, then which one of the following is correct? [2017-I] 161. The equation |1 – x| + x2 = 5 has [2018-I]
(a) Both the roots are real (a) a rational root and an irrational root
(b) two rational roots
(b) One root is real and the other is complex
(c) two irrational roots
(c) Both the roots are complex
(d) no real roots
(d) Cannot say
 EBD_7346
M-46 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
162. Let [x] denote the greatest integer function. What is the 165. Suppose f (x) is such a quadrant expression that it is positive
number of solutions of the equation x2 – 4x + [x] = 0 in the for all real x.
interval [0, 2]? [2018-I] If g(x) = f (x) + f '(x) + f"(x), then for any real x. Then for any
(a) Zero (No solution) (b) One real x. [2018-II]
(c) Two (d) Three (a) g (x) < 0 (b) g (x) > 0
163. Consider the following expressions: [2018-II] (c) g (x) = 0 (d) g (x) ³ 0
166. The ration of roots of the equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and
1
1. x + x2 - px2 + qx + r = 0 are equal. If D1 and D2 are respective discrimi-
x D1
nates, then what is D equal to? [2018-II]
d e 2
2. ax 2 + bx + x - c + -
c x2 a2 b2
(a) (b)
3. 3x2 – 5x + ab p2 q2

2 c2
(c) (d) None of these
4.
x 2 - ax + b 3 r2
167. What are the roots of the equation | x 2 – x – 6 | = x + 2 ?
1 2 [2019-I]
5. - (a) –2, 1, 4 (b) 0, 2, 4
x x+5
(c) 0, 1, 4 (d) –2, 2, 4
Which of the above are rational expressions? 168. The equation px2 + qx + r = 0 (where p, q, r, all are positive)
(a) 1, 4 and 5 only (b) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only has distinct real roots a and b.
(c) 2, 4 and 5 only (d) 1 and 2 only Which one of the following is correct ? [2019-I]
164. If a and b(¹ 0) are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + ax (a) a > 0, b > 0 (b) a < 0, b < 0
– b = 0, then the quadratic expression – x2 + ax + b where x Î (c) a > 0, b < 0 (d) a < 0, b > 0
R has [2018-II] 169. If the roots of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 are tan 19° and
1 tan 26°, then which one of the following is correct ?
(a) Least value -
4 [2019-I]
9 (a) q – p = l (b) p – q = 1
(b) Least value - (c) p + q = 2 (d) p + q = 3
4
1 170. The number of real roots for the equation x2 + 9 | x | + 20 = 0
(c) Greatest value is [2019-I]
4
9 (a) Zero (b) One
(d) Greatest value (c) Two (d) Three
4

ANSWER KEY
1 (b) 18 (b) 35 (c) 52 (a) 69 (a) 86 (d) 103 (d) 120 (b) 137 (b) 154 (b)
2 (d) 19 (d) 36 (d) 53 (a) 70 (b) 87 (a) 104 (d) 121 (c) 138 (a) 155 (b)
3 (c) 20 (c) 37 (c) 54 (b) 71 (a) 88 (d) 105 (a) 122 (d) 139 (c) 156 (d)
4 (b) 21 (a) 38 (a) 55 (b) 72 (d) 89 (c) 106 (c) 123 (a) 140 (b) 157 (d)
5 (b) 22 (b) 39 (b) 56 (d) 73 (b) 90 (c) 107 (c) 124 (d) 141 (b) 158 (c)
6 (b) 23 (c) 40 (a) 57 (c) 74 (b) 91 (b) 108 (b) 125 (c) 142 (a) 159 (a)
7 (b) 24 (b) 41 (a) 58 (a) 75 (a) 92 (d) 109 (a) 126 (c) 143 (d) 160 (c)
8 (c) 25 (d) 42 (a) 59 (c) 76 (d) 93 (c) 110 (d) 127 (d) 144 (d) 161 (a)
9 (b) 26 (c) 43 (d) 60 (b) 77 (a) 94 (c) 111 (d) 128 (a) 145 (a) 162 (b)
10 (b) 27 (d) 44 (c) 61 (b) 78 (c) 95 (d) 112 (b) 129 (b) 146 (c) 163 (b)
11 (c) 28 (d) 45 (b) 62 (a) 79 (c) 96 (c) 113 (a) 130 (a) 147 (c) 164 (d)
12 (d) 29 (a) 46 (c) 63 (a) 80 (d) 97 (a) 114 (c) 131 (c) 148 (a) 165 (b)
13 (a) 30 (c) 47 (b) 64 (c) 81 (a) 98 (d) 115 (b) 132 (c) 149 (c) 166 (b)
14 (b) 31 (a) 48 (d) 65 (a) 82 (b) 99 (a) 116 (d) 133 (a) 150 (a) 167 (d)
15 (c) 32 (c) 49 (a) 66 (a) 83 (b) 100 (a) 117 (c) 134 (c) 151 (c) 168 (b)
16 (d) 33 (d) 50 (d) 67 (c) 84 (c) 101 (a) 118 (a) 135 (a) 152 (c) 169 (a)
17 (b) 34 (a) 51 (d) 68 (b) 85 (c) 102 (a) 119 (d) 136 (b) 153 (b) 170 (a)
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-47

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

k k +1 5. (b) Since, the roots of x2 – 2mx + m2 – 1 = 0 lie between
1. (b) Let and are the roots of the equation
k +1 k+2 -b
4b2 + l b – 2 = 0, then –2 and 4 i.e., b2 – 4ac ³ 0 and –2 < <4
2a
k k +1 l \ (2m)2 – 4(m2 – 1) ³ 0 ...(1)
Sum of the roots = + =- ...(i)
k +1 k + 2 4 2m
and -2 < <4
k k +1 2 2
and product of the roots, ´ =-
k +1 k + 2 4 Þ –2 < m < 4
k 1 2 From (i)
Þ = - Þ 2k = – k – 2 Þ k = - 4m2 – 4m2 + 4 ³ 0
k+2 2 3
Putting the value of k in (i), we get Þ m ÎR
and f (– 2) > 0, also f (4) > 0
2 2 4 + 4m + m2 – 1 > 0, 16 – 8m + m2 – 1 > 0
- - +1
3 + 3 l
=- Þ m2 + 4m + 3 > 0, m2 – 8m + 15 > 0
2 2 4
- +1 - + 2 Þ (m + 1) (m + 3) > 0, (m – 3) (m – 5) > 0
3 3 Þ – 3 < m < – 1 and 3 < m < 5.
2 1 Thus, the inteval in which it lies is –1 £ m £ 5
-
l 1 l 6. (b) Given equation is (log3 x)2 + log3 x < 2
Þ 3+ 3 =- Þ -2 + = -
1 4 4 4 4 Þ (log3 x)2 + (log3 x) – 2 < 0
3 3 Þ (log3 x + 2) (log3 x – 1) < 0
Þ l=7 Þ – 2 < log3 x < 1
2. (d) Given 4a – 2b + c = 0 Þ log3 3–2 < log3 x < log3 3
Substitute 2 in the equation, ax2 + bx + c = 0 1
Þ a(2)2 + b(2) + c = 0 Þ <x <3
9
Þ 4a + 2b + c = 0
7. (b) Given equation cos 2x + a sin x = 2a – 7 can be written
So, (x – 2) is not the factor. as
Substitute –2 in the equation, ax2 + bx + c = 0 cos2x – sin2x + a sin x = 2a – 7
Þ a(–2)2 + b(–2) + c = 0 Þ 1 – sin2x – sin2x + a sin x = 2a – 7
Þ 4a – 2b + c = 0 Þ 2sin2 x – a sin x + (2a – 7– 1) = 0
So, (x + 2) is the factor. Þ 2sin2x – a sin x + 2a – 8 = 0
\ Only statement 1 is true. This is a quadratic equation in sin x and its discriminant
3. (c) Let a and b be the roots of ³0
x2 – (p – 2) x – (p + 1) = 0, Here, a = 2, b = –a, c = 2a – 8
Then a + b = (p – 2) and ab = – (p + 1) Þ a2 – 4.2. (2a – 8) ³ 0
Q a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab Þ a2 – 16a + 64 ³ 0
Þ (a + b)2 – 2ab = 5 Þ (a – 8)2 ³ 0 Þ a ³ 8
Þ (p – 2)2 + 2(p + 1) = 5 8. (c) As given sin q and cos q are the roots of the equation
Þ p2 – 4p + 4 + 2p + 2 = 5 ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Þ p2 – 2p + 1 = 0 b
So, sum of roots = sin q + cos q = - ...(1)
Þ (p – 1)2 = 0 a
Þ p=1 c
and product of roots = sin q cos q = ...(2)
4. (b) The equation is | x2 – x – 6 | = x + 2 a
for x > 0 On squaring both sides in Eq. (1), we get
x2 – x – 6 = x + 2
b2
Þ x2 – 2x – 8 = 0 (sin q + cos q) 2 =
Þ (x – 4) (x + 2) = 0 a2
Þ x = 4, – 2 b2
and for x < 0 Þ sin2 q + cos2 q + 2sin q cos q =
a2
– x2 + x + 6 = x + 2
Þ x2 = 4 Þ x = ± 2 2c b 2
Þ 1+ = using Eq. (2)
Thus, the number of real solutions are, – 2, 2 and 4. a a2
So, numbers of real solution of the equation Þ a + 2ca = b2
2
| x2 – x – 6| = x + 2 are 3. Þ a2 – b2 + 2ac = 0
 EBD_7346
M-48 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
9. (b) We know that if x + y + z = 0 14. (b) x2 + k2 = 2(k + 1)x
x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz Þ x2 – 2(k + 1)x + k2 = 0
Here both in nominator and denominator For roots to be equal discriminant = 0
a4 – b4 + b4 – c4 + c4 – a4 = 0 So, {– 2(k + 1)}2 – 4k2 = 0
and a2 – b2 + b2 – c2 + c2– a2 = 0
or, 4(k + 1)2 – 4k2 = 0
(a 4 - b4 )3 + (b 4 - c4 )3 + (c 4 - a 4 )3 or, (k + 1)2 – k2 = 0
Hence, or, 2k + 1 = 0
(a 2 - b2 )3 + (b 2 - c2 )3 + (c 2 - a 2 )3
1
3(a 4 - b 4 ) (b 4 - c 4 ) (c4 - a 4 ) k= -
= 2
3(a 2 - b 2 ) (b 2 - c 2 ) (c2 - a 2 ) 15. (c) In the given equation,
= (a2 + b2) (b2 + c2) (c2 + a2) Given formula, (a – b)3 = a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 –b3
= (– c2) (– a2) (– b2) (Q a 2 + b2 + c2 = 0) x = a1/3 – a–1/3
=–a bc2 2 2
Raising both the sides to the power of cube
10. (b) Given that 0 < x < y < p x3 = a – 3a2/3.a–1/3 + 3a1/3 × a–2/3 – a–1
We have x < y Þ cos y < cos x = a – 3a1/3 + 3a–1/3 – a–1 = a – 3(a1/3 – a–1/3) – a–1
So, x + cos y < y + cos x
Þ x – cos x < y – cos y 1
Þ x3 = a – 3x – a–1 or x3 + 3x = a –
1
a
é m - ù m +1
1 16. (d) x1/3 + y1/3 + z1/3 = 0
11. (c) The given expression ê (a m ) m ú Given formula, (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(A + b)
ê ú so, x1/3 = – (y1/3 + z1/3)
ë û
Raising both the sides to the power of cube
1 1 x = – {y + z + 3y1/3z1/3 (y1/3 + z1/3)}
é m 2 -1 ù m +1 é (m -1)(m +1) ù m +1
= – {y + z + 3y1/3z1/3 (– x1/3)} = –{y + z – 3x1/3y1/3z1/3}
ê (a m ) m ú ê m m ú
= ê ú = (a ) = – y – z + 3x1/3y1/3z1/3 Þ x + y + z = 3x1/3y1/3z1/3
ê ú
ëê ûú ë û or x + y + z = 3(xyz)1/3
Þ (x + y + z)3 = 27 xyz
m -1 17. (b) Since, a and b are the roots of ax2 + 2bx + c = 0
= [a m ] m= a m -1
2b c
Its (m – 1)th root = (am – 1)1/m – 1 = a. \ so, a+b= - and ab =
a a
1 Also a + d and b + d are the roots of
é m -ç ÷ ù (m +1)
æ1ö Ax2 + 2Bx + C = 0
Hence, (m – 1) root of (a ) è m ø ú
th ê m
ê ú 2B
so, sum of the roots = a + b + 2d = – and product
ëê ûú A
= (m – 1)th root of am – 1 = a C
12. (d) The given equation is ax2 + bx + 1 = 0 of the roots (a + d) (b + d) =
A
This equation has real roots.
When discriminant ³ 0 2b 2B
Þ - + 2d = -
\ b2 – 4a ³ 0 a A
Þ b2 ³ 4a b B
Þ d= - ...(i)
a, b has to be selected from, three numbers, so total 3 a A
selections are possible when (a, b) are (1,2), (1, 3) and
(2, 3). C
and (a + d) (b + d) =
Thus, the number of equations of the form ax 2 A
+ bx + 1 = 0 having real root is 3. C
13. (a) Given equation is Þ ab + (a + b)d + d2 = ...(ii)
A
px2 + qx + r = p (x – a) (x – b)
Putting value of d from equation (i) in equation (ii),
Þ px2 + qx + r = px2 – p (a + b) x + a b p
2
Þ a b p = r and q = –(a + b) p ...(1) c 2b æ b B ö æ b B ö C
Also given that - ç - ÷+ç - ÷ =
a a èa Aø èa Aø A
p3 + pq + r = 0
2 2
Putting value of q and r from (1) c 2 b 2 2 bB æ b ö æ B ö 2 bB C
Þ p3 – p2 (a + b) + a b p = 0 Þ - + +ç ÷ +ç ÷ - =
a a 2 aA è a ø è A ø aA A
Þ p2 – p (a + b) + a b = 0
Þ (p – a) (p – b) = 0 Þ a = b = p
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-49

2 2 Þ x3 + 4x + 8 = 2x2 + 8
c æbö æ Bö C
Þ -ç ÷ +ç ÷ = Þ x3 – 2x2 + 4x = 0
a èaø èAø A
Þ x(x2 – 2x + 4) = 0
B2 C b2 c B2 - AC b 2 - ac Þ x= 0 [The other value of x is not real]
Þ - = - Þ = 22. (b) Let a and b be the roots of both the equations
A2 A a2 a A2 a2
x2 – (a – 1) x + (a + b) = 0
2
b 2 - ac æaö Þ a + b = (a – 1) and ab = (a + b)
Þ =ç ÷
2
B - AC è A ø and ax2 – 2x + b = 0
18. (b) Since, a and b are the roots of the equation 2 b
ax2 + bx + c = 0, then Þ a+b= and a b =
a a
b Equating the sums of roots
Sum of the roots, a + b = - and Product of the roots,
a
2
c \ a–1=
a
ab =
a Þ a2 – a – 2 = 0 Þ a = – 1, 2
The expression, (aa + b)–1 + (ab + b)–1
b
1 1 ab + b + aa + b Equating the products of roots and a + b =
= + = a
aa + b ab + b (aa + b)(ab + b)
1
a (a + b) + 2 b If a = – 1, b = and if a = 2, b = – 4
= 2
a 2 ab + ab ( a + b) + b 2 From the given option, a = 2, b = – 4 matches.
23. (c) The given equation is
a ( - b / a ) + 2b - b + 2b b
= = = | x | + | x – 1| = 1
a 2 (c / a ) + ab ( - b / a ) + b 2 ac - b 2 + b 2 ac
19. (d) Since, a and b are the roots of the equation ì- x,if x < 0
We know that | x | = í
x2 – 2x – 1 = 0, then î x,if x ³ 0
Sum of roots, a + b = 2 and
product of the roots ab = – 1 ì -( x - 1) = 1 - x,if x < 1
| x – 1| = í
Since, (a + b) = a2 + b2 + 2ab î x - 1, if x ³ 1
Þ 4 = a2 + b2 – 2
Thus, three cases arise, case I; x < 0
Þ a2 + b2 = 6
Case I : if x < 0 then | x | + | x – 1| = 1 becomes – x – (x –
a2 b2 a 4 + b4 1) = 1 or – x – x + 1 = 1
Now, a2b–2 + a–2b2 = + = Þ – 2x = 0 or x = 0. So, equation is not valid for x < 0
b2 a2 (ab)2
Case II : 0 < x < 1.
Þ (a2 + b2)2 = 62 For x = 0, equation is 0 + | – 1| = 1. and equation is
Þ a4 + b4 + 2a2b2 = 36 satisfied.
Þ a4 + b4 + 2 = 36 (Q ab = –1) For 0 < x < 1, equation is x – (x – 1) = 1.
Þ a4 + b4 = 34 ...(i) Variable disappear, so, the equation is valid for all
values of x in this integral.
a 4 + b4 34
Þ = 34
= Case III : x > 1
2
(ab) (-1) 2 if x = 1 then equation becomes, | 1 | + | 0 | = 1 and
[Putting value of a4 + b4 = 34 from Equation (i)] equation is satisfied.
20. (c) There can be many values of x and y for this in equation. if x > 1 then x + x – 1 = 1Þ 2x = 2 Þ x = 1
In the given options only x = 1, y = 1 satisfy the given So, equation is not valid for x > 1
equation. So, this equation is defined for all values of x in the
21. (a) Given equations are interval [0, 1]. So there are infinite number of real values
of x.
8
y=
2
and x + y = 2 24. (b) Let x = 817 = (23)17
x +4
Þ x = 251
Putting value of y from 1st equation into second Taking log on both sides of above equation, we get
equation.
log x = 51 log 2
8 = 51 × 0.3010 = 15.381
x+ =2
2
x +4 \ Number of digits in 817 = 15 + 1 = 16
 EBD_7346
M-50 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
25. (d) If a and b are the roots of the equations
a b m a b m
x2 + x + 1 = 0 Þ + = =0 Þ + - =0
Þ a = w and b = w2 b a l b a l
30. (c) As given :
or, a = w2 and b = w
roots of the quadratic equation
\ a19 + b7 = w19 + w14 = w + w2 = – 1 (k + 1) x2 – 2 (k – 1) x + 1 = 0 are real and equal,
or, a19 + b 7 = w38 + w7 = w2 + w = – 1 Its discriminant
In either case a19 + b7 = – 1 { – 2(k – 1)}2 – 4 (k + 1) = 0
and a19 . b7 = w19 .w14 = w33 = 1 Þ 4 (k2 – 2k + 1) – 4 (k +1) = 0
or w38 . w7 = w45 = 1 Þ k2 – 2k + 1 – k – 1 = 0
\ The required equation where roots are a19 and b7 Þ k2 – 3k = 0 Þ k= 0,k=3
is 31. (a) For roots of an equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 to be positive
x2 – (a19 + b7) x + a19 b7 = 0 Þ x2 + x +1 sign of a and c should be like.
=0 32. (c) In the given inequality
26. (c) a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + 6x +1 = 0 Q 4 < x2 < 9
Þ a + b = – 6 and ab = 1 We consider
Now, (a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab x2 > 4 and x2 < 9
= ( – 6)2 – 4 = 36 – 4 = 32 We first consider ,
x2 > 4 Þ x2 – 4 > 0
Þ | a - b |= 32 = 4 2
Þ x > – 2 and x < 2
27. (d) Given equation is : Next; x2 < 9
1 Þ x2 – 9 < 0 Þ –3< x<3
r1/ 3 + =3
1/ 3 Combining both we get – 3 < x < – 2, 2 < x < 3
r We represent this on number line
Cubing both sides, we get
2
3
x >4
æ 1/ 3 1 ö 3 2
çè r + 1/ 3 ÷ø = 3 [(a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)] x <9
r
–3 –2 0 2 3 2
1 æ 1/ 3 1 ö 4<x <9
Þ r + + 3 ç r + 1/ 3 ÷ = 27
r è r ø
Þ – 3 < x < – 2 and 2 < x < 3
1 1 33. (d) As given, a, and b are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 ,
Þ r + + 3.3 = 27 Þ r + + 27 - 9 = 18. then the roots of cx2 + bx + a = 0 will be reciprocal of a
r r
and b, i.e.,
28. (d) As given
Þ Number of rows = x 1 1
and .
Þ Number of seats in each row = x a b
Total number of seats in the hall = x2 34. (a) As given : x and y are real numbers such that x > y and
| x | > | y |, then x can not be negative or zero
Revised number of rows = 2x
Þ x > 0.
Revised number in each row = x – 10 35. (c) The linear constraints for which the shaded region in
Thus Revised number of seats = 2x(x – 10) = 2x2 – 20x the given figure is the solution set, are given by :
According to question, x - y £ 1, x + 2y £ 8, x + y ³ 1, x, y ³ 0.
2x2 – 20x = 300 + x2
36. (d) Consider first : x 2 – 3x + 2 > 0
Þ x2 – 20x – 300 = 0
Þ (x – 1) (x – 2) > 0
Þ x2 – 30x + 10 x – 300 = 0
Þ x < 1 or x > 2 ...(1)
Þ (x – 30) (x + 10) = 0
(Q x ¹ -10 ) and x2 – 3x – 4 £ 0
Þ x = 30
29. (a) As given : a and b are the roots of the quadratic Þ (x – 4) (x + 1) £ 0
equation Þ –1 £ x £ 4 ...(2)
l x2 – mx + m = 0 Combining (1) and (2)
\ So, sum of roots, –1 £ x < 1 or 2 < x £ 4
Drawing on number line :
m m
a+b = and product of roots, ab =
l l

a b a+b m/ l
+ = =
b a ab m/l
–1 0 1 2 3 4
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-51

37. (c) Given equation is : x = 21/ 3 – 2 –1/ 3 45. (b) 2

a = x + x2 +1 Þ a - x = x +1
On cubing both sides, we get
Þ x 2 + 1 = (a - x)2 Þ x 2 + 1 = a 2 + x 2 - 2 ax
(
x 3 = 21/ 3 – 2 )
–1/ 3 3
Þ 2 ax = a 2 - 1 Þ 2x = a -
1
a
= 2 – 2–1 – 3.21/ 3.2–1/ 3 (21/ 3 – 2–1/ 3 ) 1 -1
Þ x = (a - a )
1 3 2
Þ x 3 = –3x + 2 – Þ x 3 = –3x + 46. (c) We know that, if a quadratic polynomial with two
2 2
distinct root has one real root, then
Þ 2x 3 + 6x = 3
b 2 - 4ac > 0
38. (a) Let x = 5 5 5.......¥ Then other root will always real.
47. (b) sin a and cos a are the roots of the equation
2
Þ x = 5x Þ x = 5x px2 + qx + r = 0
2
Þ x – 5x = 0 Þ x (x – 5) = 0 -q
Þ x = 0 or 5 \ sin a + cos a = … (i)
p
5 is given in the option.
39. (b) For the real number p, q, r, x and y r
and sin a cos a = … (ii)
p < x < q and p < y < r p
p<x<q<r From equation (i)
40. (a) Let the roots of the equation x2 – px – q = 0 be
q2
1 (sin a + cos a)2 =
a and p2
a
1 q q2
Þ Product of roots = a . =– Þ sin 2 a + cos 2 a + 2sin a cos a =
a 1 p2
Þ 1=–qÞq=–1
41. (a) As given : Roots of the equations x2 + kx + 1 = 0 are a r q2
Þ 1 + 2. =
and b. p p2
\ a + b = – k and ab = 1 Þ p2 + 2pr = q2
Given expression Þ p2 – q2+ 2pr = 0
48. (d) a and b are the roots of x2 + 4x + 6 = 0
( a + b ) ( a –1 + b –1 ) = ( a + b ) ç
æ 1 1ö
+ ÷ \ a + b = – 4 and ab = 6
èa bø Now, a3+ b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab (a + b)
2 2 = (–4)3 – 3 × 6 (–4) = –64 + 72 = 8
æ a + b ö ( a + b) ( –k ) = k 2
= (a + b) ç ÷= = 49. (a) Let a and b are the roots of the given equation.
è ab ø ab 1
-(3 p + 1)
42. (a) Let a and (a + 1) be the roots of equation \ a+b =
3
x2 – bx + c = 0
\ a + (a + 1) = b -( p + 5)
and ab =
Þ 2a + 1 = b 3
and a (a + 1) = c
Now, b2 – 4c = (2a + 1)2 – 4 [a (a + 1)] -(3 p + 1) -( p + 5)
Now, =
=4a2 + 1 + 4a – 4a2 – 4a = 1 3 3
43. (d) Since r and s are the roots of x2 + px + q = 0. Þ 3p + 1 = p + 5
Then, r + s = – p and rs = q \ 2p = 4
\ p=2
1 1 r 2 + s2 (r + s)2 - 2rs
Now, 2 + = = n(n - 3)
r s2 (rs)2 (rs)2 50. (d) Number of diagonals =
2
(- p)2 - 2q p 2 - 2q where n is the number of sides of polygon
= = n(n - 3)
q2 q2 \ 20 =
2
44. (c) Given, 9 < 4x –1 £ 19 Þ 40 = n2 – 3n
Þ 9 < 4x – 1 and 4x – 1 £ 19 Þ n2 – 3n – 40 = 0
Þ 9 + 1 < 4x and 4x £ 19 + 1 Þ 2
n – 8n + 5n – 40 = 0
5 Þ (n –8) (n + 5) = 0
Þ x> and x £ 5 Þ n – 8 = 0, n + 5 = 0
2
\ since, the number of diagonals, n cannot be negative.
\ x Î {3, 4,5} Þ n=8
 EBD_7346
M-52 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
51. (d) Sum and product of roots of A x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 will be Þ 2a – 2x = a + x
4 1 Þ a = 3x
a+g = and ag = respectively
A A a
Þ x=
Sum and product of roots of Bx2 – 6x + 1=0 will be 3
6 1 56. (d) Since, a and b be the roots of
b+d = and bd = respectively 2x2 – 2(1 + n2)x + (1 + n2 + n4) = 0
B B
Since, a, b, g and d are in HP. é -2(1 + n 2 ) ù 2
\ a+b = -ê ú = (n + 1)
1 1 1 1 ë 2 û
Then, , , and will be in AP..
a b g d 1 + n 2 + n4
and a b =
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Þ - = - Þ - = -
b a d g b d a d Now, Consider a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab
= (n2 + 1)2 – (1 + n2 + n4)
d -b g - a = n4 + 1 + 2n2 – 1 – n2 – n4 = n2
Þ =
bd ag 57. (c) Since, r and s are the roots of Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, then
B C
( d + b) 2 - 4bd ( g + a) 2 - 4ag r+s=- and rs =
Þ = A A
bd ag
Now, Given roots of x2 + px + q = 0 be r2 and s2
Þ 36 – 4B = 16 – 4A \ r2 + s2 = –p and r2s2 = q
Þ 4A + 4B = 20 Þ (r + s)2 – 2rs = –p
Þ A+B=5
B2 2C
It is possible only, if Þ - = -p
A = – 3 and B = 8 A2 A
52. (a) Given, 2x + 3y = 17 B 2 - 2 AC
and 2x+2 – 3y + 1 = 5 Þ = -p
A2
Þ 4.2x – 3.3y = 5
From equation (i) and (ii), we get 2AC - B 2
Þ p=
2x = 8 and 3y = 9 A2
Þ x = 3 and y = 2 58. (a) Let a and b are the roots of ax2 + bx + b = 0
53. (a) Given (x + a) is a factor of quadratic polynomials b b
x2 + px + q and x2 + lx + m \ a + b = - and ab =
a a
then a2 – ap + q = 0
a b b a+b b
and a2 – la + m = 0 Consider, + + = +
(i) – (ii) Þ – ap + q + la – m = 0 b a a ab a
Þ (l – p)a = m – q -b / a b b b
= + =- + (by rationalizing)
m- q b/a a a a
Þ a= (l ¹ p) =0
l-p
59. (c) Let sin a and cos a be the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
54. (b) Given eqn is (b – c) x2 + (c – a) x + (a – b) = 0
–b c
Þ (b – c)x2 – (b – c – b + a) x + (a – b) = 0 Now, sin a + cos a = and sin a cos a =
Þ (b – c)x (x – 1) – (a – b)(x – 1) = 0 a a
Þ {(b – c)x – (a – b)}{x – 1} = 0 –b
Consider sin a + cos a =
a
a-b
Þ x= and x = 1 b2
b-c Squaring both side, (sin a + cos a)2 =
3
a2
æ a - xö a+x
(b) Consider 16 ç = b2
è a + x ÷ø
55.
a-x Þ sin2 a+ cos2 a + 2 sin a cos a = 2
3
a
æ a - xö æ a - xö 1
Þ çè ÷ø ´ çè ÷= 2c b 2
a+ x a + x ø 16 Þ 1+ =
4 4
a a2
æ a - xö æ 1ö
Þ ç =ç ÷
è a + x ÷ø a + 2c b 2 2
è 2ø = 2 Þ a + 2c = b
Þ
a a a
a-x 1
Þ = Þ a2 + 2 ac = b2 Þ b2 – a2 = 2 ac
a+x 2
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-53

60. (b) Let x = 2 + 21/ 3 + 22 / 3 a 1

= Þ a =1
1 – m 1– m
= 2 + 21/ 3 + (21/ 3 )2 = 2 + 21/ 3 (1 + 21/ 3 )
Also, by equating lst and 3rd
Þ x – 2 = 21/3(1 + 21/3)
On cubing both sides, we get a2 1
x3 – 8 – 6x2 + 12x = 2 (1 + 2 + 3.21/3 + 3.22/3) 2
=
m –1 1– m
Þ x3 – 6x2 + 6x = 14 + 6.21/3 + 6.22/3 – 6x
= 14 + 6.21/3 + 6.22/3 – 6(2 + 21/3 + 22/3) = 2 Þ 1 – m = m2 – 1 (Q a = 1)
61. (b) Given, equation is (x – p) (x – q) = r2 Þ m2 + m – 2 = 0 Þ (m + 2) (m – 1) = 0
Þ x2 – (p + q) x + pq – r2 = 0 Þ m = 1 and – 2
65. (a) Given equation is (x – p) (x – 6) + 1 = 0
Now, D = ( p + q)2 – 4( pq – r 2 )
Þ x 2 - 6 x - px + 6 p + 1 = 0
2 2
= ( p – q ) + 4r ³ 0
Þ x 2 - ( p + 6 ) x + ( 6 p + 1) = 0
Hence, roots are always real.
62. (a) Given, x – 2(x – 1)–1 = 1 – 2(x – 1)–1 Now, b 2 - 4ac = 0
2 2
x– = 1– a = 1, b = - ( p + 6 ) , c = 6 p + 1
x –1 x –1
( p + 6) - 4 ( 6 p + 1) = 0
2
Þ
x ( x –1) – 2 x –1– 2
Þ =
x –1 x –1 Þ p 2 + 36 + 12 p - 24 p - 4 = 0
2
Þx –x–2=x–1–2
Þ x2 – x – 2 – x + 3 = 0 Þ p 2 - 12 p + 32 = 0
Þ x2 – 2x + 1 = 0 Þ ( p - 4 )( p - 8 ) = 0
Þ (x – 1)2 = 0
Þ p = 4, 8
Þx=1
Hence, p can have 4 or 8.
But x = 1 is not satisfied in the given equation.
Hence, no roots exist. 66. (a) Given quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0 whose
63. (a) Given equation is (x – a) (x – b) + (x – b) (x – c) + (x – c) 1
(x – a) = 0 one root is
2 - -2
Þ 3x2 – 2(b + a + c) x + ab + bc + ca = 0
Now, here A = 3, B = – 2 (a + b + c) 1 1 2 + 2i
Consider = ´
C = ab + bc + ca 2 - -2 2 - 2i 2 + 2i
\ D = B 2 – 4 AC 2 + 2i 2 + 2i
= =
4+2 6
= (–2(a + b + c))2 – 4(3)(ab + bc + ca)
2 - 2i
\ Another root will be
2 6
= 4( a + b + c ) – 12( ab + bc + ca )
(Q complex roots always occurs in pairs)
= 2 a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca 2 + 2i 2 - 2 2i = 4
Thus, sum of roots = +
6 6 6
1
=2 {(a – b)2 – (b – c) 2 + (c – a)2}
2 æ 2 + 2i ö æ 2 - 2i ö
and product of roots = ç
³0 ç 6 ÷÷ çç 6 ÷÷
è øè ø
64. (c) Let the two equations be x2 + mx + 1 = 0 and x2 + x + m
= 0. 4+ 2 1
= =
Let given equations have common root a. 36 6
Therefore ‘a’ satisfies the both equations \ Required equation is
Then, a2 + ma + 1 = 0 and a2 + a + m = 0 x2 – (sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0
4 1
a2 a 1 x2 - x+ =0
Þ 2 = = 6 6
m –1 1 – m 1 – m
By equating 2nd and 3rd, Þ 6 x2 - 4 x + 1 = 0
Thus, the values of a, b, c are 6, – 4, 1 respectively
 EBD_7346
M-54 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

67. (c) Let a and b be the roots of the equation x 2 - x + 1 = 0. 70. (b) Given quadratic equation is x2 – bx + 1 = 0
It has no real roots. It means, equation has imaginary
\ a + b = - ( -1) = 1 ...(i) roots.
ab = 1 Which is possible when B2 – 4AC < 0
Here, B = –b, A = 1, C = 1
Now, a - b = ( a + b) 2 - 4ab
Þ b2 - 4 < 0 Þ b2 < 4 Þ - 2 < b < 2
= (1) - 4 (1) = -3 = 3i (a) Given quadratic equation is x2 – px + q = 0
2
...(ii) 71.
On solving (i), (ii) we get Q p and q are the roots of x 2 - px + q = 0
1+ i 3 1- i 3 \ Sum of roots = p + q = p Þ q = p – p = 0
a= and b = and product of roots = pq = q Þ p = q/q = 1
2 2
Þ q ( p - 1) = 0 Þ p = 1, q = 0
1 3 1 3
Þ a= +i× and b = - i × 72. (d) Given equations are x2 + kx + 64 = 0 ...(i)
2 2 2 2 and x2 – 8x + k = 0 ...(ii)
p p p p Since both the eqns have real roots, discriminant ³ 0
Þ a = cos + i sin and b = cos - i sin
3 3 3 3 Þ b2 ³ 4ac
from eqn (i), we have
4p 4p 4p 4p
(a) a - b = cos + i sin - cos + i sin
4 4

3 3 3 3 k 2 ³ 4(64) Þ k 2 ³ 256
4p Þ k ³ 16 ...(A)
= 2i sin ( By Demoiver's thm ) and from eqn (ii), we have
3
Þ a 4 - b 4 is not real. Þ 64 ³ 4k Þ 4k £ 64

( 5
(b) 2 a + b
5
) Þ k £ 16
Hence, from eqn (A) and (B), we have
...(B)

5p 5p 5p 5p ö k = 16
æ
= 2 ç cos + i sin + cos - i sin ÷ 73. (b) Since, the roots of the equation
è 3 3 3 3 ø
(a2 + b2) x2 – 2b (a + c) x + (b2 + c2) = 0 are equal.
5p 1 therefore, discriminant = 0
= 2.2 cos = 4. = 2
3 2 Þ [2b (a + c)]2 – 4 (a2 + b2) (b2 + c2) = 0
Now, ( a b ) = 1
5 \ 4b2 (a + c)2 = 4 (a2 + b2) (b2 + c2)
Þ b2 (a2 + c2 + 2ac) = a2b2 + b2c2 + a2c2 + b4
(
Þ 2 a 5 + b5 ¹ ( a b )) 5
Þ a2b2 + b2c2 + 2acb2 = a2b2 + b2c2 + a2c2 + b4
Þ b4 + a2c2 – 2ac b2 = 0
6 6 6p 6p 6p 6p Þ (b2 – ac)2 = 0 Þ b2 = ac
(c) a - b = cos + i sin - cos + i sin
3 3 3 3 74. (b) Let a and b are the roots of x2 – 2x + 4 = 0
= 2i sin 2p = 0 \ sum of roots = a + b = 2, product = a b = 4
Hence, option (c) is correct. Now, a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3a b (a + b) = 23 – 3×4 × 2
68. (b) If any equation has p - q as a root, then another = 8 – 24 = – 16
75. (a) Given eq is (x + 2) + 8x = 6x (x2 + 2)
n 2 2 2
root will be p + q . Þ x4 + 4x2 + 4 + 8x2 = 6x3 + 12x
So, sum of roots = p - q + p + q = 2 p Þ x4 – 6x3 + 12x2 – 12 x + 4 = 0
(x2 + 2)2 + 8x2 = 6x(x2 + 2)
and product of roots = p - q ( )( p + q ) = p2 - q Þ x4 + 4x2 + 4 + 8x2 = 6x3 + 12x
Now, required equation is Þ x4 – 6x3 + 12x2 – 12x + 4 = 0
x2 – (sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0 This can be factorised into (x2 – 4x + 2)(x2 – 2x + 2) = 0
Þ x 2 - 2 px + ( p 2 - q ) = 0 Consider, x2 – 2x + 2 = 0
69. (a) The given quadratic equation is -(-2) ± (-2)2 - 4(2)(1) 2 ± 4 - 8
x2 – 5x + k = 15 Þ x2 – 5x + k – 15 = 0 Roots are =
Let a and b be the roots of the equation 2(1) 2
x2 – 5x + k – 15 = 0
2 ± -4 2 ± 2i
Now, product of roots = ab = k - 15 = = =1±i
2 2
But ab = – 3 Þ - 3 = k - 15 Also, this equation is satisfied by 1 ± i. Hence, required
Þ k = 15 - 3 = 12 roots are 1 ± i.
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-55

76. (d) Let a and b be the roots of the equation x+ 1 = 0 x2 + 81. (a) The given equation is
\ a + b = – 1 and a b = 1 (2 – 3 ) x2 – (7 – 4 3 ) x + (2 + 3 )=0
Þ a = w and b = w2
(Q w3 = 1, 1+ w + w2 = 0) (7 - 4 3)
\ Sum of roots =
option a, b, c does not satisfies the eqn x2 – x + 1 = 0 2- 3
Hence, option (d) is correct. (7 - 4 3) (2 + 3) 14 + 7 3 - 8 3 - 12
77. (a) Consider, x4 – 26x2 + 25 = 0 = =
(2 - 3) (2 + 3) 4-3
Þ x4 – 25x2 – x2 + 25 = 0
= x2(x2 – 25) – (x2 – 25) = 0 = 2– 3
Þ (x2 – 25) (x2 – 1) = 0 82. (b) Since one root of ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ¹ 0 is positive and
Þ (x – 5) (x + 5) (x – 1) (x + 1) = 0 another root is negative which is possible only if a > 0,
Þ x = 5, – 5, 1, – 1 b < 0, c > 0.
83. (b) Let the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 be a and
\ Solution set for given equation is {5, – 5, – 1, 1}
2a.
78. (c) Let a and b be the roots of the equation.
-b c
4x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 \ Sum = a + 2a = and product = a . 2a =
a a
3 7
\ Sum = a + b = - and Product = ab = -b c
4 4 Þa= and a2 =
3a 2a
1 1 a2 + b2 æ -b ö
2
c b2 c
Consider, a–2 + b–2 = + = Þç ÷ = Þ
a 2
b 2
(ab) 2 =
è 3a ø 2a 9a 2 2a
Þ 2b2 = 9ac
9 7 84. (c) Since x and y are non-zero positive integers therefore
-
(a + b)2 - 2ab 16 2 x = 1, 2, 3, ............ and y = 1, 2, 3, ............
= =
(ab)2 49 Now, given x + y < 4
16 Þ (x, y) can be
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 1)
9 - 56 Required number of ordered pairs = 6
- 47 16 47 85. (c) Since, 3 is the root of the equation x2 – 8x + k = 0
= 16 = ´ =- \ 3 satisfies the equation x2 – 8x + k = 0
49 16 49 49
16 \ 9 – 24 + k = 0 Þ k = 15
86. (d) Let the roots of the equation x2 + kx – b = 0 be a and b.
79. (c) The given equations are \ Sum : a + b = – k and Product : ab = – b
x2 + y2 = 4 ... (i) According to the question, we have
and x + y = 2 ... (ii) a2 + b2 = 2b
x2 + (2 – x)2 = 4 Þ (a + b)2 – 2ab = 2b
Þ x2 + 4 + x2 – 4x = 4 Þ k2 + 2b = 2b Þ k = 0
Þ 2x2 = 4x 1
87. (a) Let the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ¹ 0 be a and .
Þ x=2 a
When x = 2 then y = 2 – 2 = 0 1 c
Similarly, \ Product of roots = a . =
a a
y2 + (2 – y)2 = 4
Þc=a
Þ y2 + 4 + y2 – 4y = 4 88. (d) Since, complex roots occur in pairs therefore other root
Þ y = 2 and x = 0 is 2 – 5i.
These equations are satisfied by only (2, 0) and (0, 2). 89. (c) Given equation is
Hence, required set is {(0, 2), (2, 0)} (x – a) (x – b) = c, c ¹ 0
80. (d) The given equation is x2 – 2px + p2 – q2 + 2qr – r2 = 0 Þ x2 – (a + b)x + ab – c = 0
Now, discriminant Let a, b be the roots of this equation.
= (– 2p)2 – 4 (1) (p2 – q2 + 2qr – r2) \ a + b = a + b, ab = ab – c
= 4p2 – 4p2 + 4q2 – 8qr + 4r2 Consider (x – a) (x – b) + c = 0
= (2q – 2r)2 = 4 (q – r)2 Þ x2 – (a + b) x + ab + c = 0
Roots of this equation is
which is always greater than zero.
Therefore, the roots of given equation are rational.
( a +b ) ± ( a + b )2 - 4 ( ab + c )
x=
2
 EBD_7346
M-56 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

92. (d) Let y = 8 + 2 y

( a +b ) ± ( a + b )2 - 4 ( ab - c + c )
=
2 Þ y2 = 8 + 2 y Þ y2 - 2 y - 8 = 0
Þ (y + 2) (y – 4) = 0
( a +b ) ± a 2 + b 2 - 2ab
Þ y = 4, –2
=
2 Hence, required value of given expression is 4.
93. (c) Given equation is
( a +b ) ± ( a - b )2 ( a +b ) ± ( a - b )
= = a
2 2 sinq = x + , x Î R - {0}
x
a+b+a-b a+b-a+b
= , = a, b. Þ x2 + a = x sin q
2 2
Þ x2 – x sin q + a = 0
Hence, roots of the equation
(x – a) (x – b) + c = 0 are a and b. Now, discriminant = sin 2 q - 4a
90. (c) Given equations are x2 – px + q = 0 ...(1) For x to be real root,
and x2 – ax + b = 0 ...(2)
discriminant ³ 0
Root of second equation is
Þ sin 2 q - 4 a ³ 0
a ± a 2 - 4b
x= Þ sin2q – 4a ³ 0 Þ sin2q ³ 4a
2
Since, Roots of second equation are equal discriminant 1 1 sin 2 q
=0 Þ £ Þ a£
sin 2 q 4a 4
2
\ a - 4b = 0 Þ a2 = 4b ...(3)
1 .. 2
a
Þ a£ ( . sin q lies between 0 and 1)
4
\ x=
2 94. (c) Given equation is
Since, Equations (1) and (2) have common roots. tan4x – 2sec2x + a2 = 0
a Þ (tan2x)2 – 2[1 + tan 2x] + a2 = 0
\ x= is the root of equation (1) also.
2 Þ (tan2x)2 – 2tan2x + a2 – 2 = 0
This is the quadratic equation in tan x.
a
Thus, x = satisfies (1) So, roots of this will be real when discriminant ³ 0
2
i.e., b2 – 4ac ³ 0
2
æaö æaö Þ (– 2)2 – 4(1) (a2 – 2) ³ 0 Þ 4 – 4a2 + 8 ³ 0
Þ ç ÷ - pç ÷ + q = 0
è2ø è2ø Þ 12 – 4a2 ³ 0 Þ 4 (3 – a2) ³ 0

a 2 pa Þ 3 – a2 ³ 0 (Q 4 ¹ 0 )
Þ = - q Þ 2b = pa – 2q (from (3)
4 2 Þ a2 £ 3
Þ ap = 2(b + q)
Þa £ ± 3 Þ a £ 3
91. (b) Given Equation is x2 + x + 1 = 0
95. (d) Given equation is
-1± 3i x2 – 4x – log3 N = 0
Þ x=
2 Since, roots are real
Thus, roots are w and w2 \ b2 – 4ac = 0 Þ (4)2 – 4 (– log3 N) ³ 0
\ a = w and b = w2 Þ 16 ³ – 4 log3 N
So, a19 = (w)19 = (w3)6. w = w (Q w3 = 1) Þ 4 ³ – log3 N
and b = (w ) = w = (w ) .w = w2
7 2 7 14 3 4 2
Þ 4 ³ log3 N –1
Now, a19 + b7 = w + w2 = – 1 (Q 1 + w + w2 = 0)
Þ N –1 ³ 34 ³ 81
and (a19) (b7) = (w) (w2) = 1
\ Required Quadratic equation whose roots are a19 1
ÞN³
and b7 is 81
x2 + (a19 + b7)x + (a19) (b7) = 0
1
Þ x2 +(– 1)x + 1 = 0 Hence, minimum value of N is .
81
Þ x2 – x + 1 = 0
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-57

96. (c) Given equation is ab = – q – r

a (b – c)x2 + b(c – a)x + c(a – b) = 0 Consider (1 + a) (1 + b)
Let a be the second root. = 1 + a + b + ab = 1 + q – q – r = 1 – r.
102. (a) Let a, b be roots of equation ax2 + bx + c
c (a - b) \ a + b = – b/a, ab = c/a
So, (a) (1) = a b - c
( ) So, 2a and 2b are roots of equation x2 + 36x + 24
Now, 2a + 2b = – 36
c (a - b)
Hence, a = second root = a b - c b
( ) Þ a + b = – 18 Þ - = – 18 Þ b = 18a
a
97. (a) Given equation is 2(y + 2)2 – 5(y + 2) = 12 and (2a) (2b) =24
Let y + 2 = a
So, quadratic equation can be rewritten as c
Þ ab = 6 Þ = 6 Þ c = 6a
2a2 – 5a – 12 = 0 a
Þ 2a2 – 8a + 3a – 12 = 0 \b: c= 3: 1
103. (d) b = 18a, c = 6a
Þ 2a(a – 4) + 3(a – 4) = 0
\ bc = (18a) (6a) = 108 a2
Þ (2a + 3) (a – 4) = 0
104. (d) Let a, b be the roots of given equation
Þ 2a + 3 = 0 or a – 4 = 0 then a + b = – 2
-3 and ab = – 143
Þa= or a = 4 Consider a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab
2
= (– 2)2 – 2 (– 143) = 4 + 286 = 290
-3 105. (a) Given equations are
Þy+2= or y + 2 = 4
2 2x + y = 6 Þ 2x = 6 – y ...(1)
-3 and 3y = 8 + 2(2x)
Þy= – 2 or y = 2 Þ 3y = 8 + 2(6 – y) (from (1))
2
Þ 3y = 8 + 12 – 2y
-7 Þ y = 4 and x = 1
Þy= or 2 (Required roots) Now, equation given in option (a) is satisfied by x = 1
2
98. (d) Given quadratic equation is and y = 4
3x2 – 5x + q = 0 106. (c) Let a = m + n, b = m – n
Now, a + b = m + n + m – n = 2m
Since, roots of this equation are equal therefore
a × b = (m + n) (m – n) = m2 – n2.
b2 – 4ac = 0
Now, Required Quadratic Equation will be,
Þ (– 5)2 – 4(3) (q) = 0 x2 – (a + b) x + ab = 0
Þ 25 – 12q =0 x2 – 2m x + m2 – n2 = 0
25 107. (c) Since, a & b are the roots of x2 + px – q = 0, then,
Þq= a+b=–p .... (1)
12
99. (a) Let a and b be the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 and a b = – q .... (2)
put the value of a from (2) in (1)
a + b = –b/a
ab = c/a q
- +b = – p Þ - q + b2 = -p b
Given b
a–b=1 Þ b2 = q – p b .... (3)
Consider (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab Since g & d are the roots of x2 – px + r = 0, then,
g + d = p, g d = r
b2 4c
-1 = Now, (b + g) (b + d) = b2 + bd + bg + gd.
2 a
a = b2 + b[g + d] + g d. = q – pb + pb + r = q – r
b2 – a2 = 4ac 108. (b) The given equation is,
b2 = a(a + 4c) 3x2 – 5x + p = 0
100. (a) Since 1 is the root of given equation We have, a = 3, b = – 5, c = p
\ it satisfies the equation. D = b2 – 4ac = 25 – 12 p
\ (1)2 + a(1) – 6 = 0 For Real and unequal, D > 0
Þ a – 6 = –1 \ 25 – 12 p > 0
101. (a) Given equation is x2 – q(1 + x) – r = 0 25
Þ x2 – qx + (– q – r) = 0 Þ 25 > 12 p Þ p <
12
Now, a + b = q
 EBD_7346
M-58 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
109. (a) Given equation is. 115. (b) (x + 1)2 –1 = 0 Þ x + 1 = ± 1
4x – 6.2x + 8 = 0 Þ x + 1 = 1 or x + 1 = – 1
Þ (2x)2 – 6.2x + 8 = 0 Þ x = 0 or x = – 2
Put 2x = y, we have Thus, x = 0, – 2 two real roots.
y2 – 6y + 8 = 0
116. (d) 7 + 4 3 = ( 4)2 + ( 3)2 + 2 4 ´ 3
Þ (y – 4) (y – 2) = 0
Þ y = 2, 4 = ( 4 + 3)2
So, 2x = 2 Þ x = 1
and 2x = 22 Þ x = 2 7+ 4 3 = 2+ 3
110. (d) Quadratic equation is given by 117. (c) Here, a and b are the roots of the equation
x2 – (sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0 x2 + x + 2 = 0
\ Required equation is x2 – x(a2 + b2) + (ab)2 = 0 a + b = –1
Þ x2 – x[(a + b)2 – 2ab] + (ab)2 = 0 ab = 2
æ b 2 2c ö c2 a10 + b10 a10 + b10
Þ x2 - x ç - ÷ + =0 =
ç a 2 a ÷ a2
è ø a -10 + b -10 1 1
+
Þ a2x2 – x(b2 – 2ac) + c2 = 0 a10 b10
111. (d) Let roots of equation be 2a and 3a. (a10 + b10 ) (ab)10
= = (ab)10
2b (a10 + b10 )
2a + 3a = -
3a \ (ab)10 = 210 = 1024
-2b 118. (a) Since b is not a perfect square, therefore other root will
Þa= ...(i)
15a be 3a - b
Required quadratic equation is
c c
2a . 3a = Þ a2 = ...(ii) x 2 - [(3a + b) + (3a - b)] x + (3a + b)(3a - b) = 0
3a 18a
Now, put value of a in equation (ii) Þ x2 – 6ax + 9a2 – b = 0
2 ìï x 2 + 3x + 2 = 0, for x ³ 0
æ -2b ö c 4b2 c
\ ç ÷ = Þ
2
= 119. (d) f(x) = í 2
è 15a ø 18a 225a 18a ïî x - 3x + 2 = 0, for x < 0
2
Þ 8b = 25ac for x ³ 0
112. (b) Quadratic equation can be given as x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
x2 – (sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0
-3 ± 9 - 8 -3 ± 1
Hence, Required quadratic equation is x= =
x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 2 2
x = –2, –1
1 1 a+b for x < 0
113. (a) Consider a–1 + b–1 = + =
a b ab x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
Equation is x2 + bx + c = 0 3 ± 9 - 8 3 ±1
Now, sum of roots = a + b = – b x= =
and product of roots = a . b = c 2 2
x = 2, 1
a +b b Since x as negative, therefore x ¹ 2, 1
\ =-
ab c Hence the given equation has no real roots
120. (b) a and b are the roots of the given equation, then
b
Hence, a -1 + b-1 = - b b
c a+b=– and ab =
114. (c) Let width of the rectangle = x a a
so, length = 2x + 5 a b b
Given, Area of rectangle = 75 + +
b a a
Þ x(2x + 5) = 75 Þ 2x2 + 5x – 75 = 0
Þ 2x2 + 15x – 10x – 75 = 0 a +b
= + ab
Þ (x – 5) (2x + 15) = 0 ab
15
Þ x = 5, - b b
2 - +
a + b + ab a a
Since, width can not be negative. = = =0
ab b
\ x= 5
\ length = 2x + 5 = 15 unit. a
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-59

121. (c) Discriminant, D = (–8)2 – 4 × 16 = 0 2 2 2 2

129. (b) (x + 2) + 8x = 6x(x + 2)
\ Roots are real and equal. Let x2 + 2 = y
122. (d) x2 – 10x + 9 = 0 y2 + 8x2 = 6xy
x2 – x – 9x + 9 = 0 y2 – 6xy + 8x2 = 0
x (x – 1) – 9 (x – 1) = 0
(x – 1) (x – 9) = 0 6x ± 36x 2 – 32x 2
x = 1, 9 y=
2
Difference in roots = 9 – 1 = 8
123. (a) 8x – 9y = 20 or 80x – 90y = 200 ...(1) 6x ± 2x
y= = 3x ± x
7x – 10y = 9 or 63x – 90y = 81 ...(2) 2
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get y = 4x, 2x
17x = 119
x=7 At y = 4x,
8 × 7 – 9y = 20 x2 + 2 = 4x
x2 – 4x + 2 = 0
9y = 36
Discriminant, D = 16 – 8 = 8 > 0
y= 4
Roots are real.
2x – y = 2 × 7 – 4 = 10 Sum of roots = –(–4) = 4
124. (d) If root are real At x = 2x,
b2 – 4 × 4 ³ 0 x2 + 2 = 2x
b2 ³ 16 x2 – 2x + 2 = 0
b £ – 4, b ³ 4 D=4–8=–4<0
125. (c) Given equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (where a ¹ 0) Roots are complex.
a and b are roots of given equation. Sum of roots = 2
(aa + b) (ab + b) = a2 ab + aba + abb + b2 Sum of all roots = 4 + 2 = 6
= a2ab + ab (a + b) + b2 only statement 2 is correct.
From the given quadratic equation \ Correct option is (b)
130. (a) Let correct equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0
-b c According to first student, equation is:
a+b= , ab =
a a ax2 + bx + c1 = 0 and roots are 8 and 2
c b –b b
a2 × + ab ´ - + b 2 = ac 8+2= Þ = –10
a a a a
126. (c) We have, 2a x – 2abx + b2 = 0
2 2 Quadratic equation according to second student
ax2 + b1 x + c = 0 and roots are –9 and –1
Discriminent, D = (– 2ab)2 – 4 (2a2) (b2)
= 4a2b2 – 8a2b2 = – 4a2b2 < 0 c c
(–9) × (– 1) = Þ =9
Roots are always complex. a a
127. (d) Every quadratic equation Putting value in original equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, c Î R, a ¹ 0 b c
has at most two real roots. x2 + x + =0
a a
b c x2 – 10x + 9 = 0.
128. (a) Q a + b = - and ab =
a a
131. (c) Here m and n are the roots of equation.
q (x + p) (x + q) – k = 0
Also, a + h + b + h = – p x2 + x (p + q) + pq – k = 0 ... (i)
If m and n are the roots of equation, then
q (x – m) (x – n) = 0
Þ a + b + 2h = - \ x2 – (m + n) x + mn = 0 ... (ii)
p
Now equation (i) should be equal to equation (ii),
q b (m + n) = – (p + q) and mn = pq – k
Þ 2h = - + Now, we have to find roots of (x – m) (x – n) + k = 0
p a
x2 – (m + n) x + mn + k = 0
æ bö x2 + (p + q) x + (pq – k) + k = 0
çèQ a + b = - ÷ø x2 + (p + q) x + pq = 0
a
x2 + px + qx + pq = 0
1 éb qù x (x + p) + q (x + p) = 0
Þ h = 2 êa - pú \ x + q = 0 or x + p = 0
ë û
\ x = – q and x = –p
\ Option (c) is correct.
 EBD_7346
M-60 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
2 2
132. (c) 4p + 4pq – 3q – 36 = 0 136. (b) x2 – px + 4 > 0 " real values of x.
Þ (4p2 + 4pq + q2) – 4q2 – 36 = 0 If b2 - 4ac £ 0
(2p + q)2 = 4q2 + 36
Þ p 2 - 4(1)(4) £ 0
2p + 3q = 18
Þ p 2 £ 16 Þ p £ 4
18 – 3q
p=
2 27 2 / 3
Sol. (137-138) : f ( x) = ( x - x)
2 4
é18 – 3q ù
Þ ê ´ 2 + q ú = 4q2 + 36 27 2 1/ 3
ë 2 û = (( x ) - x )
4
Þ (18 – 3q + q)2 137. (b) For f(x) = 1
Þ (18 – 2q)2 = 4q2 + 36
Þ 324 + 4q2 – 72q = 4q2 + 36 27 2 1/ 3
(( x ) - x ) = 1
72q = 324 – 36 = 288 4
288 4
q= =4 ( x1/ 3 )2 - x =
72 27
Putting the value of q in 2p + 3q = 18 Put x1/3 = y
2p + 3 × 4 = 18 x = y3
2p = 18 – 12 4
y 2 - y3 =
6 27
p= =3
2 4
(2p + q) = 2 × 3 + 4 = 10 Þ y3 - y 2 + =0
27
\ Option (c) is correct.
133. (a) x2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0 Þ 27 y3 - 27 y 2 + 4 = 0
Case (i) when x ³ 0 This is a cubic equation.
x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
1
(x – 1) (x – 2) = 0 If we put y = - then (3y + 1) = 0 is a factor of cubic
3
x = 1, 2(both roots satisfy the condition x ³ 0)
Case (ii) when x < 0 equation.
x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 3 2 2
(x + 1) (x + 2) = 0 3y + 1 ) 27y – 27y + 4 ( 9y – 12y + 4
3 2
x = – 1 , – 2 (both roots satisfy the condition x < 0) 27y + 9y
So no. of real roots is 4. – –
2
134. (c) ax2 + bx + c = 0 – 36y + 4
2
Let the root be a and b. – 36y – 12y
+ +
b c
a + b = - , a.b = 12y + 4
a a
12y + 4
Þ a + b = a 2 + b2 … (given) – –
×
Þ a + b = ( a + b )2 - 2ab
(3 y + 1)(9 y 2 - 12 y + 4) = 0
2
b æ b ö 2c
Þ - = ç- ÷ - (3 y + 1)(3 y - 2)2 = 0
a è aø a
1 2
Þ b 2 + ab = 2ac Hence y = - ,
3 3
135. (a) Let the root be a and b Thus f(x) = 1 has two solutions.
Q x2 – nx + m = 0
Þ a + b = n; a.b = m 138. (a) Similarly for f(x) = –1 we will get 27 y3 - 27 y 2 - 4 = 0
Þ a–b=1 and after solving it we will find that it has one real
Þ (a + b)2 = (a – b)2 + 4ab solution.
Þ n2 = 1 + 4m y0 = 1.1184,
Þ n2 – 4m – 1 = 0
x = (y 0 )3 = (1.1184) 3 = 1.4
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-61

139. (c) Given quadratic equation, 144. (d) Using ax2 + bx +

c=0
x 2 + bx + c = 0 and roots are a and b where a < b. a =1, b = – (1 – 2a2) & c = (1 – 2a2)
Hence roots of given quadratic equation are For roots to be real,
b2 – 4ac ³ 0
-b + b 2 - 4c
b= Þ [– (1 –2a2)]2 – 4(1) (1– 2a2) ³ 0
2
Þ 4a4 + 4a2 –3 ³ 0
-b - b 2 - 4c Þ (2a2 – 1)(2a2 + 3) ³ 0
a= (Q a < b)
2 1 3
Þ a2 ³ or a 2 £ -
b + b - 4c 2 2
b + b - 4c 2 2
Þ -a = and | a |=
2 2 1 1 a 2 + b2
\ b < –a and b < | a | both are correct. 145. (a) + <1 Þ <1
140. (b) Sum of roots = a + b = –b a2 b2 (ab )2
Multiplication of roots = ab = c
Hence (a + b )2 - 2ab
Þ <1
a + b + ab = –b + c a2b + b2 = ab (a + b) (ab )2
= –bc
Qb>0&c<0 -b c
a+b= = (1 – 2a2) & ab = = (1 – 2a2)
\ –b + c < 0 & –bc > 0 a a
141. (b) Given equation is
4a 4 - 1
( l - m ) x 2 + lx + 1 = 0 On solving: <1
4a - 4 a 2 + 1
4
Roots are a, b.
Þ 4a 4 - 1 < 4a 4 - 4 a 2 + 1
Q One root is double the other..
b = 2a 1
4a 2 < 2 Þ a2 <
Sum of roots = a + b 2
-l 1 1 1 1 1 1
3a = a(2a) = 146. (c) 1 + + + + ............. + n -1 < 2 -
l-m (l - m ) 2 4 8 2 1000
LHS of given inequality is in G.P.
l2 1
Þ a2 = 2a 2 = 1
9(l - m) 2 l-m 1-
\ 2n < 2 - 1
1 1000
l2 1 1-
Þ2 = 2
9(l - m) 2 (l - m )
1 1
Þ 2- < 2-
2l 2 2 n -1
1000
Þ =1 Þ 2n – 1 < 1000
9(l - m)
Now, (2)9 = 512 & (2)10 = 1024
Þ 2l 2 = 9(l - m) Þ 2l 2 - 9l + 9m = 0 \ n–1=9
Þ n = 10.
For l to be real discriminant should be b 2 - 4ac ³ 0 147. (c) 2x2 + 3x – a = 0
81 - 4 ´ 2 ´ 9m ³ 0 Its roots are: –2 & b.
9 -3 3 1 1
m£ . i.e., = b –2 Þ b = 2 – = Þ b =
8 2 2 2 2
142. (a) Let f(x) = ax2 – bx + c a 1
= 2b Þ a = 4 ´ Þ a = 2
f(2) = 4a – 2b + c < 0 (given) 2 2
f(0) = c > 0 (given) 1
So, we can see that sign of f(x) changes, when x 148. (a) b =
2
changes from 0 to 2, so it has a root in the interval b, 2, 2m are in GP.
(0, 2).
143. (d) x2– 2kx + k2 – 4 = 0 2 2m
Þ =
Þ (x – k)2 – 22 = 0 b 2
Þ (x – k – 2)(x – k + 2) = 0 2 2
Þm = =2 ×
Þ x = k + 2, k – 2. b 1
Þ k + 2 < 5 & k –2 > – 3 Þm= 4
Þ k < 3 & k > –1 1
Þ b m = ´ 4 =1
Þ –1< k < 3 2
 EBD_7346
M-62 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
149. (c) |x + y| = 2 Þ x + y = ±2 Let the second root be a.

Þ x + y + 2 = 0 and x + y - 2 = 0 p-q p-q

\ (1)(a ) = Þa= .
q-r q-r
Þ - 2 < 2a < 0 and - 1< a < 0
155. (b) a, b are roots of the equation 1 + x + x2 = 0.
Þ | a |< 1 1 + x + x2 = 0 Þ x2 + x + 1 = 0
150. (a) Let a, b be the roots of
x2 + p/x2 + q = 0 -b ± b 2 - 4ac -1 ± 12 - 4(1)(1)
Solving for x, x = =
So, a + b = – p/x2, ab = q ...(i) 2a 2(1)
Let c, d be the roots of
x2 + lx + m = 0 -1 ± -3 -1 ± 3i
= =
So, c + d = – l, cd = m ...(ii) 2 2
Given that roots of both the equations are in the
Same ratio. -1 ± 3i -1 - 3i
\ roots are and
2 2
a c
So, = ...(iii) i.e., a = w, b = w2
b d
é 1 b ù éa bù é a + b b + b2 ù
b d ê úê ú = ê ú
Þ = ...(iv) ë a a û ë 1 b û êëa 2 + a ab + ab úû
a c
a b c d éw + w 2 w 2 + w 4 ù
(iii) + (iv) Þ + = +
b a d c =ê ú
êëw 2 + w w 3 + w 3 úû
a 2 + b 2 c2 + d 2 a 2 + b2 c2 + d 2
Þ = Þ +2= +2 é -1 w 2 + w ù
ab cd ab cd =ê ú
êë -1 2w 3 úû
a 2 + b2 + 2ab c 2 + d 2 + 2cd
Þ = é -1 -1ù
ab cd =ê ú
ë -1 2 û
( a + b )2 ( c + d )2 156. (d) All the given three options are correct.
Þ =
ab cd 157. (d) |x – 3|2 + |x – 3| – 2 = 0
Let |x – 3| = t
( - P ) 2 = ( -l ) 2 \ t2 + t – 2 = 0 Þ t2 + 2t – t – 2 = 0
Þ (from (i) and (ii)) Þ t (t + 2) – 1 (t + 2) = 0
q m
Þ (t + 2) (t – 1) = 0
Þ P2m = l2q. Þ t = –2 or t = 1
151. (c) (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w3) (1+w+w2) Since t is modulus of a number, it cannot be negative.
We know, (1 + w + w2) = 0. \ t = 1 Þ |x – 3| = 1 Þ x – 3 = 1 or x – 3 = –1
So, (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w3) (0) = 0. Þ x = 4 or 2
152. (c) Since the graph is not meeting the x - axis at all, roots Sum of roots = 4 + 2 = 6.
are Complex numbers. 158. (c) x2 – 4x – log3 P = 0
153. (b) Given equation, x2 + bx + c = 0 We know, roots are real if discriminant is greater than
Roots are cot a, cot b. or equal to 0.
Sum of roots = cot a + cot b = – b i.e., b2 – 4ac ³ 0 Þ b2 ³ 4ac
Product of roots = cot a . cot b = c In the given equation, a = 1, b = –4, c = –log3P.
cot a . cot b - 1 c - 1 1 - c \ b2 ³ 4ac Þ (–4)2 ³ 4(1) (–log3P)
cot (a + b) = = Þ 16 ³ –4log3P
cot b + cot a -b b
Þ 4 ³ –log3P
154. (b) Given equation, (q – r)x2 + (r – p)x + (p – q) = 0
æ 1ö æ 1ö
On observing the equation, it is clear that 1 is root of Þ 4 ³ log3 ç ÷
è Pø çèQ sin q - log a = log ÷ø
a
equation.
If x = 1, then q – r + r – p + p – q = 0. 1
Þ 34 ³
\ 1 is one root of given equation. P
Since, the given equation is quadratic equation, we 1 1
Þ 81 ³ Þ P ³ .
c P 81
know that product of roots is . 1
a \ The minimum value of P is .
81
Polynomial, Quadratic Equation & Inequalities M-63

159. (a) 3x2 + 2x + 1 = 0. P Q

-2 Given, tan and tan are roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Sum of the roots = a + b = ....(1) 2 2
3 P Q -b P Q c
1 \ tan + tan = ; tan × tan = .
Product of the roots = a ×b = ....(2) 2 2 a 2 2 a
3
-b
We have to find the equation with the roots a + b–1
æ P Qö a
and b + a–1. \ ( 2) Þ tan ç + ÷ =
Sum of the roots (S) = a + b–1 + b + a–1 è2 2ø c
1-
1 1 a
=a+ +b +
b a -b
p a
æ a + bö Þ tan =
= ( a + b) + ç 4 c (from (1))
è ab ø÷ 1-
a
æ -2 ö -b
-2 ç 3 ÷ Þ1= Þ -b = a - c Þ a + b = c .
= + a -c
3 ç 1 ÷ (from (1), (2)) 161. (a) |1 – x| + z2 = 5
ç ÷
è 3 ø Þ |x – 1| + x2 = 5
First case: If x < 1, |x – 1| is negative.
-2 -2 - 6 -8
= -2= = . \ – (x – 1) + x2 = 5
3 3 3 Þ –x + 1 + x2 = 5
Product of the roots (P) = (a + b–1) (b + a–1) Þ x2 – x + 1 = 5
æ 1ö æ 1ö Þ x2 – x – 4 = 0
= ça + ÷ çb + ÷
è bø è aø
- ( -1) ± ( -1) 2 - 4 (1)( -4)
Roots are
= ab + 1 + 1 +
1
= ab + 2 +
1 2 (1)
ab ab
1 ± 1 + 16 1 ± 17
1 1 = =
= + 2+ 2 2
3 1
3 1 + 17
Since, x < 1, root cannot be . So, the root is
1 1 16 2
= +2+3 = +5 = .
3 3 3 1 - 17
So, the required equation is x2 – s.x. + P = 0 , which is irrational.
2
8 16 Second case: If x > 1, |x – 1| = x – 1
= x 2 + x + = 0 Þ 3x 2 + 8x + 16 = 0
3 3 \ |x – 1| + 22 = 5
Þ x – 1 + x2 = 5
p
160. (c) ÐR = Þ x2 + x – 6 = 0
2 Þ x2 + 3x – 2x – 6 = 0
P Þ x(x – 3) – 2 (x + 3) = 0
Þ x = 2, – 3
Since x > 1, root cannot be –3. So, root is 2 which is
rational.
\ Given expression has one irrational root and One
rational root.
162. (b) x2 – 4x + [x] = 0
Given internal, [0, 2]
R Q Case 1 : Let 0 £ x < 1
p [x] = 0
\ ÐP + ÐQ = \ x2 – 4x + 0 = 0 Þ x(x – 4) = 0 Þ x = 0, x = 4
2
x = 4 can’t be taken in 0 £ x < 1
ÐP + ÐQ p
Þ = ....(1) \ x=0
2 4
Case 2 : Let 1 £ x < 2
P Q [x] = 1
tan + tan
æ P Qö 2 2 \ x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
tan ç + ÷ =
è2 2ø P Q ....(2)
1 - tan tan
2 2
 EBD_7346
M-64 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

4 ± 16 - 4 4 ± 12 D1 b2
roots are = = 2± 3 166. (b) = (ratio of coefficient of x)2 = 2
2 2 D2 q
In internal 1 £ x < 2, 2 ± 3 are not the roots. 167. (d) Given, |x2 – x – 6| = x + 2
Case 3 : Let x = 2 \ x2 – x – 6 = x + 2 and x2 – x – 6 = – (x + 2)
[x] = 2 Þ x2 – 2x – 8 = 0
\ x2 – 4x + 2 = 0 Þ x2 – x – 6 = –x – 2
4 ± 16 - 8 4 ± 8 Þ x2 – 4x + 2x – 8 = 0
roots are = = 2± 2 Þ x2 = 4
2 2
Þ x (x – 4) + 2 (x – 4) = 0
Since, x = 2, roots can’t be 2 ± 2 Þ x = +2, –2
\ There is only one solution, x = 0 Þ x = 4, –2
163. (b) A rational expression is nothing more than a fraction in \ x = –2, 2, 4.
which the numerator and denominator are polynomials. 168. (b) px2 + qx + r = 0, (p, q, r are positive)
Here are some example of rational expressions are
Whenever the coefficients and constant are positive
æ 2 1ö 2 in quadratic equation, its roots are always negative.
çè x + x + ÷ø , (3x2 – 5x + ab), 2 \ a < 0, b < 0
x x - ax + ab
164. (d) a + b =–a, ab = –b 169. (a) Given, tan 19° and tan 26° are roots of x 2 + px + q = 0
Þ ab + b = 0 -p
\ tan19° + tan 26° = = -p
Þ (a + 1)b = 0 1
Þ a = –1 (b ¹ 0)
q
Þ (2a + b) = 0 (tan19°)(tan 26°) = =q
1
Þ b=2
tan19° + tan 26°
\ –x2 + ax + b = –x2 – x + 2 tan(19° + 26°) =
1 - tan19° tan 26°
1+ 8 9
Greatest value = - = -p -p
-4 4 tan 45° = Þ1=
1- q 1- q
165. (b) Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a > 0, b2 < 4ac (Q f(x) > 0)
Now, g(x) = ax2 + bx + c + 2ax + b + 2a Þ1–q= –p
=ax2 + (b + 2a)x + 2a + b + c Þq–p=1
Now, (b + 2a)2 – 4a (2a + b + c) 170. (a) x2 + 9 |x| + 20 = 0
= b2 + 4ab + 4a2 – 8a2 – 4ab – 4ac The sum of three positive quantities can never be zero.
=b2 – 4ac – 8a2 < 0 So, the equation has no solution.
Þ g(x) > 0
 Sequence and Series 3
1. It the sum of first 10 terms of an arithmetic progression with Reason: (R) : x, y, z are in AP as well as in GP if x = y =z.
first term p and common difference q, is 4 times the sum of (a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct
the first 5 terms, then what is the ratio p : q ? explanation of A
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4 (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 1 [2006-I] correct explanation A
2. One of the roots of a quadratic equation with real coefficients (c) A is true but R is false
1 (d) A is false but R is true [2006-II]
is . Which of the following implications is/are true?
(2 - 3i) 7. If x + 1, 4x + 1, and 8x + 1 are in geometric progression,
then what is the non-trivial value of x ?
1 (a) – 1 (b) 1
1. The second root of the equation will be .
(3 - 2i)
1 1
2. The equation has no real root. (c) (d) [2006-II]
8 4
3. The equation is 13x2 – 4x + 1 = 0.
Which of the above is/are correct ? 8. The equation (a2 + b2) x2 – 2b (a + c) x + (b2 + c2) = 0 has
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only equal roots. Which one of the following is correct about
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 [2006-I] a, b, and c ?
3. What is the sum of the first 50 terms of the series (a) They are in AP
(1 × 3) + (3 × 5) + (5 × 7) + .... ? (b) They are in GP
(a) 1,71,650 (b) 26,600 (c) They are in HP
(c) 26,650 (d) 26,900 [2006-I] (d) They are neither in AP, nor in GP, nor in HP [2006-II]
2 3 9. If pth term of an AP is q, and its qth term is p, then what is
y æ yö æ yö
4. If x = 1 + + ç ÷ + ç ÷ +....where | y | < 2, what is 1y the common difference ?
2 è 2 ø è 2ø
(a) – 1 (b) 0
equal to ? (c) 2 (d) 1 [2006-II]
x -1 x -1 10. If a, b, c are in geometric progression and a, 2b, 3c are in
(a) (b) arithmetic progression, then what is the common ratio r
x 2x
such that 0 < r < 1 ?
2x - 2 2x + 1
(c) (d) [2006-I] 1 1
x 2x (a) (b)
3 2
5. What is the product of first 2n + 1 terms of a geometric
progression ? 1 1
(a) The (n + 1)th power of the nth term of the GP (c) (d) [2006-II]
4 8
(b) The (2n + 1)th power of the nth term of the GP
(c) The (2n + 1)th power of the (n + 1)th term of the GP 11. For an AP with first term u and common difference v, the
(d) The nth power of the (n + 1)th terms of the GP pth term is 15 uv more than the qth term. Which one of the
[2006-I] following is correct ?
6. The following question consist of two statements, one (a) p = q + 15 v (b) p = q + 15 u
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (R)'. (c) p = q + 14 v (d) p = q + 14 u [2006-II]
You are to examine these two statements carefully and select 12. If a, b and c are three positive numbers in an arithmetic
the answer. progression, then: [2006-II]
Assertion (A) : 1/8, log a ® exponent should be to the (a) ac > b2 (b) b2 > a + c
a2
(c) ab + bc £ 2ac (d) ab + bc ³ 2ac
base, log 2 are in GP but not in AP.
 EBD_7346
M-66 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
21. What is the sum of the series
1
13. If | x |< , what is the value of 1 1.3 1.3.5
2 1+ + + + ....¥ ?
8 8.16 8.16.24
2
é x ù é n(n + 1) ù é x ù 2
1+ n ê ú+ê úê ú + .................¥ ? (a) (b)
ë1 - x û ë 2! û ë 1 - x û 3 2 3

n 3 1
é 1- x ù (c) (d) [2007-II]
(a) ê1 - 2 x ú (b) (1 – x)n 2 2 3
ë û 22. What is the geometric mean of the ratio of corresponding
n n terms of two series where G1 and G2 are geometric means of
é1 - 2 x ù æ 1 ö the two series? [2007-II]
(c) ê 1- x ú (d) ç ÷ [2006-II]
ë û è 1- x ø (a) log G1 – log G2 (b) log G1 + log G2
14. The sum of the first (2p + 1) terms of an AP is {(p + 1) . (2p G1
+ 1)}. Which one of the following inferences can be (c) G2 (d) G1G2
drawn ?
23. If the points with the coordinates (a, ma), {b, (m + 1) b},
(a) The (p + 1)th term of the AP is (2p + 1)
{c, (m + 2) c} are collinear, then which one of the following
(b) The (2p + 1)th term of the AP is (2p + 1)
is correct? [2007-II]
(c) The (2p + 1)th term of the AP is (p + 1)
(a) a, b, c are in arithmetic progression for all m
(d) The (p + 1)th term of the AP is (p + 1) [2006-II]
(b) a, b, c are in geometric progression for all m
15. a, b, c are in G.P. with 1 < a < b < n, and n > 1 is an integer. loga
(c) a, b, c are in harmonic progression for all m
n, logb n, logc n form a sequence. This sequence is which
(d) a, b, c are in arithmetic progression only for m = 1
one of the following ? [2007-I]
24. The following question consist of two statements, one
(a) Harmonic progression (b) Arithmetic progression labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason
(c) Geometric progression (d) None of these (R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully
1 1 1 and select the answer.
16. What is the sum of the series 1 – + – + .....?
2 4 8 1
Assertion (A) : 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + .....= .
1 3 3
(a) (b) Reason (R) : For each (+)ve integer n, let an = a + nd, a and
2 4
n
3 2 d are real numbers. Then, a1 + ..... + an = [2a + (n + 1) d].
(c) (d) [2007-I] 2
2 3 [2007-II]
17. If b1, b2, b3 are three consecutive terms of an arithmetic (a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct
progression with common difference d > 0, then what is the explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
value of d for which b32 = b 2 b3 + b1d + 2?
correct explanation of A
1 (c) A is true but R is false
(a) (b) 0 (d) A is false but R is true
2
25. Which one of the following is correct ? If the positive
(c) 1 (d) 2 [2007-I] numbers a, b, c, d are in AP, then bcd, cda, dab, abc
18. If 1, x, y, z, 16 are in geometric progression, then what is the (a) are in AP
value of x + y + z ? (b) are in GP
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) are in HP
(c) 14 (d) 16 [2007-II] (d) are in none of the above progressions [2007-II]
19. If the nth term of an arithmetic progression is 3n + 7, then 26. What is the value of 91/3. 91/19. 91/27...... ¥ ?
what is the sum of its first 50 terms? (a) 9 (b) 3
(a) 3925 (b) 4100 (c) 91/3 (d) 1 [2007-II]
(c) 4175 (d) 8200 [2007-II] 27. If a, b, c, d are in harmonical progression such that a > d,
20. If, for positive real numbers x, y, z, the numbers x + y, 2y and then which one of the following is correct?
y + z are in harmonic progression, then which one of the (a) a + c = b + d (b) a + c > b + d
following is correct? [2007-II] (c) ac = bd (d) ab = cd [2007-II]
(a) x, y, z are in geometric progression 28. After paying 30 out of 40 installments of a debt of Rs. 3600,
(b) x, y, z are in arithmetic progression one third of the debt is unpaid. If the installments are forming
(c) x, y, z are in harmonic progression an arithmetic series, then what is the first instalment?
(d) None of the above (a) Rs 50 (b) Rs 51
(c) Rs 105 (d) Rs 110 [2008-I]
Sequence and Series M-67

29. The product of first nine terms of a GP is, in general, equal to 40. If the AM and GM of two numbers are 5 and 4 respectively,
which one of the following? then what is the HM of those numbers? [2008-II]
(a) The 9th power of the 4th term
5 16
(b) The 4th power of the 9th term (a) (b)
(c) The 5th power of the 9th term 4 5
(d) The 9th power of the 5th term [2008-I] 9
30. The difference between the nth term and (n– 1)th term of a (c) (d) 9
2
sequence is independent of n. Then the sequence follows 41. The harmonic mean of two numbers is 21.6.If one of the
which one of the following? numbers is 27, then what is the other number? [2009-I]
(a) AP (b) GP (a) 16.2 (b) 17.3
(c) HP (d) None of these [2008-I] (c) 18 (d) 20
31. Which one of the following is correct?
42. If the sum of the first two terms and the sum of the first four
1 1 1 1 terms of a geometric progression with positive common ratio
If + = + , then a, b, c are in
b-c b-a a c are 8 and 80 respectively, then what is the 6th term?
(a) AP (b) HP [2009-I]
(c) GP (d) None of these [2008-I] (a) 88 (b) 243
32. What is the 15th term of the series 3, 7, 13, 21, 31, 43, ....? (c) 486 (d) 1458
[2008-II] 43. If x > 1 and log2x, log3x, logx16 are in GP, then what is x
(a) 205 (b) 225 equal to? [2009-I]
(c) 238 (d) 241 (a) 9 (b) 8
33. If the nth term of an arithmetic progression is 2n – 1, then (c) 4 (d) 2
what is the sum upto n terms? [2008-II]
44. In a geometric progression with first term a and common
(a) n 2 (b) n2 – 1
ratio r, what is the arithmetic mean of first five terms?
1 [2009-I]
(c) n2 + 1 (d) n ( n + 1)
2 (a) a + 2r (b) ar2
34. If the three observations are 3, – 6 and –6, then what is their (c) a(r5 – 1) / (r – 1) (d) a(r5 – 1) / [5(r – 1)]
harmonic mean? [2008-II] 45. If (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + p) + (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + q)
(a) 0 (b) ¥ = (1 + 3 + 5 +...+ r) [2009-II]
(c) –1 / 2 (d) – 3 where each set of parentheses contains the sum of
n ( n + 1) consecutive odd integers as shown, what is the smallest
35. Sum of first n natural numbers is given by . What
2 possible value of (p + q + r) where p > 6?
is the geometric mean of the series 1, 2, 4, 8, ...., 2 n? (a) 12 (b) 21
[2008-II] (c) 45 (d) 54
n 46. If x2, y2, z2 are in AP, then y + z, z + x, x + y are in
(a) 2n (b) (a) AP (b) HP [2009-II]
22
(c) 21/2 (d) 2n–1 (c) GP (d) None of these
36. If the number of terms of an A.P. is (2n + 1), then what is the 47. If x, 2x + 2, 3x + 3 are the first three terms of a GP, then what
ratio of the sum of the odd terms to the sum of even terms? is its fourth term? [2009-II]
[2008-II] (a) –27/2 (b) 27/2
n n2 (c) –33/2 (d) 33/2
(a) (b)
n +1 n +1 1 1 3
48. Which term of the sequence 20, 19 , 18 , 17 ,... is the
n +1 n +1 4 2 4
(c) (d)
n 2n first negative term? [2009-II]
37. If the sum of ‘n’ terms of an arithmetic progression is (a) 27th (b) 28th
n2 –2n, then what is the nth term? [2008-II] (c) 29th (d) No such term exists
(a) 3n – n2 (b) 2n – 3 49. In an AP, the mth term 1/n and nth term is 1/m. What is its
(c) 2n + 3 (d) 2n –5 (mn)th term? [2009-II]
38. If a, 2a + 2, 3a + 3 are in GP, then what is the fourth term of (a) 1/(mn) (b) m/n
the GP? [2008-II] (c) n/m (d) 1
(a) – 13.5 (b) 13.5 50. The 59th term of an AP is 449 and the 449th term is 59.
(c) –27 (d) 27 Which term is equal to 0 (zero)? [2010-I]
39. What is sum to the 100 terms of the series
(a) 501st term (b) 502nd term
9 + 99 + 999 + ...? [2008-II]
(c) 508th term (d) 509th term
10 100 10
(a)
9
(10 – 1) – 100 (b)
9
(1099 – 1) – 100 51. If the AM and HM of two numbers are 27 and 12 respectively,
then what is their GM equal to? [2010-I]
9 (a) 12 (b) 18
(c) 100 (10010 –1) (d)
100
(10100 – 1) (c) 24 (d) 27
 EBD_7346
M-68 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
52. What is the sum of all natural numbers between 200 and 400 61. In a GP of positive terms, any term is equal to one-third of
which are divisible by 7? [2010-I] the sum of next two terms. What is the common ratio of the
(a) 6729 (b) 8712 GP? [2011-I]
(c) 8729 (d) 9276
53. Let a, b, c be in AP. [2010-I] 13 + 1 13 - 1
(a) (b)
Consider the following statements: 2 2
1 1 1 13 + 1
1. , and are in AP.. (c) (d) 13
ab ca bc 3
1 1 1 1 1
2. , and are in AP.. 62. Which term of a series , - , 1,.... is – 128? [2011-I]
b+ c c+ a a+ b 4 2
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 9th (b) 10th
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 11th (d) 12th
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1 1 1 1
54. If p times the pth term of an AP is q times the qth term, then 63. If + = + , then a, b, c are in [2011-I]
b-a b -c a c
what is the (p + q)th term equal to? [2010-I]
(a) p + q (b) pq (a) AP (b) G P
(c) 1 (d) 0 (c) HP (d) None of these
55. The geometric mean of three numbers was computed as 6. It 1 1
was subsequently found that, in this computation, a number 64. What is the sum of 3+ + + .....? [2011-I]
3 3 3
8 was wrongly read as 12. What is the correct geometric
mean? [2010-I] 3 3 3
(a) (b)
(a) 4 (b) 3
5 2 2
(c) 2 3 18 (d) None of these 2 3
56. The arithmetic mean of two numbers exceeds their geometric (c) (d) 3
3
mean by 2 and the geometric mean exceeds their harmonic 65. Which one of the following options is correct? [2011-I]
mean by 1.6. What are the two numbers? [2010-II]
(a) sin 2 30°, sin 2 45°, sin 2 60° are in GP
(a) 16, 4 (b) 81, 9
(b) cos2 30°, cos2 45°, cos2 60° are in GP
(c) 256, 16 (d) 625, 25
57. The sum of an infinite geometric progression is 6, If the sum (c) cot2 30°, cot2 45°, cot2 60° are in GP
of the first two terms is 9/2, then what is the first term? (d) tan 2 30°, tan2 45°, tan2 60° are in GP
[2010-II] 66. What is the 10th common term between the series
(a) 1 (b) 5/2 2 + 6 + 10 + .... and 1 + 6 + 11 + .... ? [2011-II]
(c) 3 or 3/2 (d) 9 or 3 (a) 180 (b) 186
58. If the AM and GM between two number are in the ratio m : n, (c) 196 (d) 206
then what is the ratio between the two numbers? [2010-II] 67. If the 10th term of a GP is 9 and 4th term is 4, then what is its
7th term? [2011-II]
m + m2 - n2 m+n (a) 6 (b) 14
(a) (b) m - n (c) 27/14 (d) 56/15
m - m2 - n2 68. If log 10 2, log 10 (2x – 1), log 10 (2x + 3) are three
consecutive terms of an AP, then which one of the following
m2 - n 2 m 2 + n 2 - mn is correct? [2011-II]
(c) (d) (a) x = 0 (b) x = 1
m2 + n 2 m2 + n2 + mn
(c) x = log2 5 (d) x = log5 2
59. What is the geometric mean of the data 2, 4, 8, 16, 32? 69. If n!, 3 × (n!) and (n + 1)! are in GP, then the value of n will be
(a) 2 (b) 4 [2011-I] [2011-II]
(c) 8 (d) 16 (a) 3 (b) 4
60. If A, B and C are in AP and b : c = 3 : 2 , then what is the (c) 8 (d) 10
value of sin C? [2011-I] 70. If a, b, c ,d, e, f are in AP, then (e – c) is equal to which one of
the following? [2011-II]
1 (a) 2 (c – a) (b) 2 (d – c)
(a) 1 (b)
3 (c) 2 (f – d) (d) (d – c)
71. What is the geometric mean of 10, 40 and 60 (appox)?
1 (a) 10 (b) 28 [2011-II]
(c) 3 (d)
2 (c) 29.6 (d) 70
Sequence and Series M-69

72. If the arithmetic and geometric means of two numbers are 10, DIRECTIONS (Qs. 82-83) : For the next two (02) Questions
8 respectively, then one number exceeds the other number that follow:
by [2011-II] The sum of first 10 terms and 20 terms of an AP are 120 and 440
(a) 8 (b) 10 respectively.
(c) 12 (d) 16 82. What is its first term? [2012-II]
73. If the sequence {Sn} is a geometric progression and (a) 2 (b) 3
S2 S11 = Sp S8, then what is the value of p? [2012-I] (c) 4 (d) 5
(a) 1 (b) 3 83. What is the common difference? [2012-II]
(c) 5 (d) cannot be determined (a) 1 (b) 2
74. If 1/4, 1/x, 1/10 are in HP, then what is the value of x? (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 5 (b) 6 [2012-I] 84. What is the number of diagonals which can be drawn by
(c) 7 (d) 8 joining the angular points of a polygon of 100 sides?
(a) 4850 (b) 4950 [2012-II]
75. If p, q, r are in AP as well as G.P., then which one of the
(c) 5000 (d) 10000
following is correct? [2012-I]
85. The angles of a triangle are in AP and the least angle is 30°.
(a) p = q ¹ r (b) p ¹ q ¹ r What is the greatest angle (in radian) ? [2012-II]
(c) p ¹ q = r (d) p = q = r p p
76. The geometric mean and harmonic mean of two non negative (a) (b)
2 3
observations are 10 and 8 respectively. Then what is the
p
arithmetic mean of the observations equal to? [2012-I] (c) (d) p
(a) 4 (b) 9 4
(c) 12, 5 (d) 2 86. What is the geometric mean of the sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, .....,
77. What is the nth term of the sequence 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, .........? 2n ? [2012-II]
(a) 2n/2 (b) 2(n +1)/2
(a) 2n – 1 (b) 2n + 1 [2012-I]
(c) 2(n +1) – 1 (d) 2(n –1)
(c) 4n – 3 (d) None of the above
87. If the numbers n – 3, 4n – 2, 5n + 1 are in AP, what is the value
78. What does the series
of n? [2013-I]
1 (a) 1 (b) 2
– 1
1+ 3 2 + 3 + + ... represents? [2012-I] (c) 3 (d) 4
3 3 88. The harmonic mean H of two numbers is 4 and the arithmetic
(a) AP (b) GP mean A and geometric mean G satisfy the equation
(c) HP (d) None of the above series 2A + G2 = 27. The two numbers are [2013-I]
(a) 6, 3 (b) 9, 5
1 1 1 (c) 12, 7 (d) 3, 1
79. What is the sum of the series 1 - + – + .... equal to? 89. If the positive integers a, b, c, d are in AP, then the numbers
2 4 8
abc, abd, acd, bcd are in [2013-II]
1 3 (a) HP (b) AP
(a) (b) [2012-I]
2 2 (c) GP (d) None of the above
90. What is 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + .... equal to ? [2013-II]
2 (a) 1 (b) 1.01
(c) 2 (d)
3 (c) 1.001 (d) 1.1
80. Consider the following statements: [2012-II] 91. The sum of the first five terms and the sum of the first ten
1. The sum of cubes of first 20 natural numbers is 44400. terms of an AP are same. Which one of the following is the
2. The sum of squares of first 20 natural numbers is 2870. correct statement ? [2013-II]
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (a) The first term must be negative
(a) 1 only (b) The common difference must be negative
(b) 2 only (c) Either the first term or the common difference is negative
(c) Both 1 and 2 but not both
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Both the first term and the common difference are
81. What is the sum of first eight terms of the series negative
92. What is the seventh term of the sequence 0, 3, 8, 15, 24,....?
1 1 1 [2013-II]
1 - + – + .....? [2012-II]
2 4 8 (a) 63 (b) 48
(c) 35 (d) 33
89 57 93. The sum of an infinite GP is x and the common ratio r is such
(a) (b)
128 384
that r < 1 . If the first term of the GP is 2, then which one of
85 the following is correct ? [2014-I]
(c) (d) None of the above (a) –1 < x < 1 (b) – ¥ < x < 1
128
(c) 1 < x < ¥ (d) None of these
 EBD_7346
M-70 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
104. What is the sum of n terms of the series
94. The sum of the series formed by the sequence 3, 3 , 1......
upto infinity is : [2014-I] 2 + 8 + 18 + 32 + .... ? [2015-II]
n(n - 1)
3 3( 3 + 1) 3 3( 3 - 1) (a) (b) 2n (n + 1)
(a) (b) 2
2 2
n(n + 1) n(n - 1)
3( 3 + 1) 3( 3 - 1) (c) (d)
(c) (d) 2 2
2 2
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 105-106) : For the next two (2) items
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 95-96) : For the next two (02) items that
that follow
follow :
Let Sn denote the sum of the n terms of an AP and 3Sn = S2n. sin 2 {(n + 1)x}
p

[2014-II] Given that a n = ò0 dx

sin 2x
95. What is S3n = Sn equal to ? 105. Consider the following statements: [2016-I]
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 6 : 1 1. The sequence {a2n} is in AP with common difference zero.
(c) 8 : 1 (d) 10 : 1 2. The sequence {a2n+1} is in AP with common difference
96. What is S3n = S2n equal to ? zero.
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 1 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) 4 : 1 (d) 5 : 1 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 97-99) : For the next three (03) items that (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
follow : 106. What is an–1 –an–4 equal to ?
Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c such that f (1) = f (–1) and a, b, c are in (a) –1 (b) 0
Arithmetic Progression. [2014-II] (c) 1 (d) 2
97. What is the value of b ? DIRECTIONS (Qs. 107-108) : For the next two (2) items
(a) –1 that follow.
(b) 0
(c) 1 Given that log x y, log z x, log y z are in GP, xyz = 64 and x3,
(d) Cannot be determined deu to insufficient data y3, z3 are in A.P. [2016-I]
98. f '(a), f ' (b), f ' (c) are 107. Which one of the following is correct ?
(a) A.P. x, y and z are
(b) G.P. (a) in AP only (b) in GP only
(c) H.P. (c) in both AP and GP (d) neither in AP nor in GP
(d) Arithmetico-geometric progression 108. Which one of the following is correct?
99. f "(a), f " (b), f "(c) are xy, yz and zx are
(a) in A.P. only (b) in G.P. only (a) in AP only
(c) in both A.P. and G.P. (d) neither in A.P. nor in G.P. (b) in GP only
100. What is the sum of the series 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 + ... to n (c) in both AP and GP
terms? [2015-I] (d) neither in AP nor in GP
5é 2æ 1 öù 1é 2æ 1 öù 109. If m is the geometric mean of [2016-I]
(a) ên - ç1 - n ÷ ú (b) ê5 - ç1 - n ÷ ú
9ë 9 è 10 ø û 9 ë 9 è 10 ø û æ yö
log(yz)
æzö
log(zx)
æxö
log(xy)

ç ÷ ,ç ÷ and ç ÷
1é 5æ 1 öù 5é 1æ 1 öù èzø èxø è yø
(c) ên - ç1 - n ÷ú (d) ên - ç1 - n ÷ú then what is the value of m?
9ë 9 è 10 øû 9ë 9 è 10 øû (a) 1 (b) 3
1 1 3 1 (c) 6 (d) 9
101. The value of the infinite product 6 2 ´ 6 2 ´ 6 8 ´ 6 4 ´ ... is 110. How many geometric progressions is/are possible containing
[2015-II] 27, 8 and 12 as three of its/their terms? [2016-II]
(a) 6 (b) 36 (a) One (b) Two
(c) 216 (d) ¥ (c) Four (d) Infinitely many
3+ n DIRECTIONS (Qs. 111-113) : Consider the following for the
102. The nth term of an AP. is , then the sum of first 105
4 next three (03) items that follow.
terms is [2015-II]
(a) 270 (b) 735 Let a, x, y, z, b be in AP, where x + y + z = 15. Let a, p, q, r, b be
(c) 1409 (d) 1470 5
103. If p, q, r are in one geometric progression and a, b, c are in in HP, where p –1 + q –1 + r –1 = [2016-II]
3
another geometric progression, then ap, bq, cr are in
111. What is the value of ab?
[2015-II]
(a) 10 (b) 9
(a) Arithmetic progression (b) Geometric progression
(c) 8 (d) 6
(c) Harmonic progression (d) None of the above
Sequence and Series M-71
2
112. What is the value of xyz? 123. The fifth term of an AP of n terms, whose sum is n – 2n, is
(a) 120 (b) 105 [2017-I]
(c) 90 (d) Cannot be determined (a) 5 (b) 7
113. What is the value of pqr? (c) 8 (d) 15
(a) 35/243 (b) 81/35 124. The sum of all the two-digit odd numbers is [2017-I]
(c) 243/35 (d) Cannot be determined (a) 2475 (b) 2530
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 114-115) : Consider the following for the (c) 4905 (d) 5049
next two (02) items that follow 1 3 7 15
The sixth term of an AP is 2 and its common difference is greater 125. The sum of the first n terms of the series + + + + ....
2 4 8 16
than 1. [2016-II]
114. What is the common difference of the AP so that the product is equal to [2017-I]
of the first, fourth and fifth terms is greatest? [2016-II] (a) 2n – n – 1 (b) 1 – 2–n
(a) 8/5 (b) 9/5 (c) 2–n + n – 1 (d) 2n – 1
(c) 2 (d) 11/5 126. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that x, y, z are in GP
115. What is the first term of the AP so that the product of the and tan–1 x, tan–1 y and tan–1 z are in AP. Then which one of
first, fourth and fifth terms is greatest? [2016-II] the following is correct? [2017-I]
(a) – 4 (b) – 6 (a) x = y = z (b) xz = 1
(c) x ¹ y and y = z (d) x = y and y ¹ z
(c) – 8 (d) – 10
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 116-117) : Consider the following for the n ( n - 1) Q
next two (02) items that follow. 127. If Sn = nP + , where Sn denotes the sum of the
2
The interior angles of a polygon of n sides are in AP. The smallest first n terms of an AP, then the common difference is
angle is 120° and the common difference is 5°. [2016-II] [2017-II]
116. How many possible values can n have? (a) P + Q (b) 2P + 3Q
(a) One (b) Two (c) 2Q (d) Q
(c) Three (d) Infinitely many 1 1 1 1
117. What is the largest interior angle of the polygon? 128. The value of the product 62 ´ 64 ´ 68 ´6
´ .... up to
16
(a) 160° only (b) 195° only
infinite terms is [2017-II]
(c) Either 160° or 195° (d) Nither 160 nor 195°
æyö æxö (a) 6 (b) 36
ln ç ÷ 2 ln ç y ÷ (c) 216 (d) 512
z ø ln ( XZ )
118. If x è .y .z è ø = y4 ln y for any x >1, y >1 and z >1,
129. A person is to count 4500 notes. Let an denote the number
then which one of the following is correct? [2016-II] of notes he counts in the nth minute. If a1 = a2 = a3 = ....
(a) ln y is the GM of ln x, ln x, ln x and ln z = a10 = 150, and a10, a11, a12, .... are in AP with the common
(b) ln y is the AM of ln x, ln x, ln x and ln z difference –2, then the time taken by him to count all the
(c) ln y is the HM of ln x, ln x and ln z notes is [2017-II]
(d) ln y is the AM of ln, In x, ln z and ln z (a) 24 minutes (b) 34 minutes
119. What is the sum of the series [2017-I] (c) 125 minutes (d) 135 minutes
0.3 + 0.33 + 0.333 + .... n terms? 130. If y = x + x2 + x3 + .... up to infinite terms where x < 1, then
which one of the following is correct? [2017-II]
1é 1æ 1 öù 1é 2æ 1 öù
(a) ê n - ç1 - n ÷ú (b) 3 ê n - 9 ç 1 - n ÷ú x=
y y
3ë 9 è 10 øû ë è 10 øû (a) (b) x =
1+ y 1- y
1é 1æ 1 öù 1é 1æ 1 öù 1+ y 1- y
(c) ê n - ç1 - n ÷ ú (d) 3 ê n - 9 ç1 + n ÷ ú (c) x= (d) x =
3ë 3 è 10 ø û ë è 10 ø û y y
120. If the sum of m terms of an AP is n and the sum of n terms 1 1 1
is m, then the sum of (m + n) terms is [2017-I] 131. The value of + + + .... up to infinite
2
(a) mn (b) m + n
log3 e log3 e log3 e 4
(c) 2(m + n) (d) – (m + n) terms is [2017-II]
121. The sum of the roots of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0 (where (a) loge 9 (b) 0
b and c are non-zero) is equal to the sum of the reciprocals (c) 1 (d) loge 3
132. If x1 and x2 are positive quantities, then the condition for
1 c the difference between the arithmetic mean and the
of their squares. Then , b, are in [2017-I]
c b geometric mean to be greater than 1 is [2017-II]
(a) AP (b) GP (a) x1 + x 2 > 2 x1x 2
(c) HP (d) None of the above
122. The sum of the roots of the equation ax2 + x + c = 0 (where (b) x1 + x 2 > 2
a and c are non-zero) is equal to the sum of the reciprocals
of their squares. Then a, ca2, c2 are in [2017-I] (c) | x1 + x 2 |> 2
(a) AP (b) GP
(c) HP (d) None of the above (d) x1 + x 2 < 2 ( )
x1x 2 + 1
 EBD_7346
M-72 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
133. If the ratio of AM to GM of two positive numbers a and b is
a-b
5 : 3, then a : b is equal to [2018-I] 142. If a, b, c are in AP or GP HP, then is equal to [2018-II]
(a) 3 : 5 (b) 2 : 9 b-c
(c) 9 : 1 (d) 5 : 3 b b c c
134. If x = 1 – y + y2 – y3 + .... up to infinite terms, where |y| < 1, (a) or 1 or (b) or or 1
then which one of the following is correct? [2018-I] a c a b

1 y a a a c
(a) x= (b) x = (c) 1 or or (d) 1 or or
1+ y 1- y b c b a
y y 143. If sin b is the harmonic mean of sin a and cos a, and sin q is
(c) x= (d) x = the arithmetic mean of sin a and cos a, then which of the
1+ y 1- y
135. What is the sum of all two-digit numbers which when divided following is/are correct? [2018-II]
by 3 leave 2 as the remainder? [2018-I] æ pö
(a) 1565 (b) 1585 1. 2 sin ç a + ÷ sin b = sin 2a
è 4ø
(c) 1635 (d) 1655
136. The third term of a GP is 3. What is the product of the first pö
æ
five terms? [2018-I] 2. 2 sin q = cos ç a - ÷
è 4ø
(a) 216
(b) 226 Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(c) 243 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
3 144. If xi > 0, yi > 0 (i = 1, 2, 3, ...... n) are the values of two variable
137. If x, , z are in AP; x, 3, z are in GP; then which one of the X and Y with geometric mean P and Q respectively, then the
2
following will be in HP? [2018-I] X
(a) x, 6, z (b) x, 4, z geometric mean of is [2018-II]
Y
(c) x, 2, z (d) x, 1, z
138. If an infinite GP has the first term x and the sum 5, then which P æ Pö
of the following is correct? [2018-II] (a) (b) antilog çè Q ÷ø
Q
(a) x < – 10 (b) – 10 < x < 0
(c) 0 < x < 10 (d) x > 10 (c) n(log P – log Q) (d) n(log P + log Q)
1 1 145. What is the nth term of the sequence 25, –125, 625, –3125, ...?
139. The sum of the series 3 - 1 + - + .... is equal to [2018-II] [2019-I]
3 9 2n–1 2n n+1
(a) (–5) (b) (–1) 5
20 9 (c) (–1)2n–1 5n+1 (d) (–1)n–1 5n+1
(a) (b)
9 20 146. The numbers 1, 5 and 25 can be three terms (not necessarily
9 4 consecutive) of [2019-I]
(c) (d) (a) only one AP
4 9
140. Let Tr be the r th term of an AP for r = 1, 2, 3,.... If for some (b) more than one but ûnite numbers of APs
distinct positive integers m and n we have Tm = 1/n and (c) inûnite number of APs
Tn = 1/m, then what is Tmn equal to? [2018-II] (d) ûnite number of GPs
(a) (mn)–1 (b) m –1 + nn –1 147. The sum of (p + q)th and (p – q)th terms of an AP is equal to
(c) 1 (d) 0 [2019-I]
141. If the second term of a GP is 2 and the sum of its infinite term (a) (2p)th term (b) (2q)th term
is 8, then the GP is [2018-II] (c) Twice the pth term (d) Twice the qth term
1 1 2 2 148. What is the Fourth term of an AP of n terms whose sum is n
(a) 8, 2, , ,..... (b) 10, 2, , ,..... (n + 1) ? [2019-I]
2 8 5 25
(a) 6 (b) 8
1 1 3 3 (c) 12 (d) 20
(c) 4, 2,1, , 2 ,..... (d) 6, 3, , ,.....
2 2 2 4
Sequence and Series M-73

ANSWER KEY
1 (a) 16 (d) 31 (b) 46 (a) 61 (b) 76 (c) 91 (c) 106 (b) 121 (c) 136 (c)
2 (c) 17 (c) 32 (d) 47 (a) 62 (b) 77 (c) 92 (b) 107 (c) 122 (a) 137 (a)
3 (a) 18 (c) 33 (a) 48 (b) 63 (c) 78 (d) 93 (c) 108 (c) 123 (b) 138 (c)
4 (c) 19 (c) 34 (b) 49 (d) 64 (b) 79 (d) 94 (a) 109 (a) 124 (a) 139 (c)
5 (c) 20 (a) 35 (b) 50 (c) 65 (d) 80 (b) 95 (b) 110 (d) 125 (c) 140 (c)
6 (a) 21 (a) 36 (c) 51 (b) 66 (b) 81 (c) 96 (a) 111 (b) 126 (a) 141 (c)
7 (c) 22 (c) 37 (b) 52 (c) 67 (a) 82 (b) 97 (b) 112 (b) 127 (d) 142 (c)
8 (b) 23 (c) 38 (a) 53 (c) 68 (c) 83 (b) 98 (a) 113 (c) 128 (a) 143 (c)
9 (a) 24 (b) 39 (a) 54 (d) 69 (c) 84 (a) 99 (c) 114 (a) 129 (b) 144 (b)
10 (a) 25 (c) 40 (b) 55 (c) 70 (b) 85 (a) 100 (d) 115 (b) 130 (a) 145 (d)
11 (b) 26 (b) 41 (c) 56 (a) 71 (b) 86 (a) 101 (b) 116 (a) 131 (a) 146 (c)
12 (d) 27 (b) 42 (c) 57 (d) 72 (c) 87 (a) 102 (d) 117 (a) 132 (c) 147 (c)
13 (a) 28 (b) 43 (a) 58 (a) 73 (c) 88 (a) 103 (b) 118 (b) 133 (c) 148 (b)
14 (d) 29 (d) 44 (d) 59 (c) 74 (c) 89 (a) 104 (c) 119 (a) 134 (a)
15 (a) 30 (a) 45 (b) 60 (d) 75 (d) 90 (a) 105 (c) 120 (d) 135 (c)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (a) Since first term = p and common difference = q. 3. (a) The given series is (1 × 3) + (3 × 5) + (5 ×7) +............
Its general term is given by
10 Tn = (2n – 1) (2n + 1) = 4n2 – 1
Sum of first 10 terms = [2p + (10 – 1)q] and
2 Sum of series = 4Sn2 – S1
5 4n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
Sum of first 5 terms = [2p + (5 – 1) q] Sn = -n
2 6
According to question, é 2(2n 2 + 3n + 1) ù
10 5 Sn = n ê - 1ú
[2p + 9q] = 4 ´ [2p + 4q] êë 3 úû
2 2
Þ 2p + 9q = 4p + 8q é 4n 2 + 6n + 2 - 3 ù
Sn = n ê ú
Þ 2p = q 3
ëê ûú
Þ p: q=1:2
1 2 + 3i 2 3 é n(4n 2 + 6n - 1) ù
2. (c) If one root is i.e, = + i, then another Sn = ê ú
2 - 3i 4+9 13 13 ëê 3 ûú
2 3i 1 For sum of first 50 terms of the series, n = 50,
root will be - i.e, . [Since complex roots
13 13 2 + 3i 50[4(50)2 + 6(50) - 1]
S50 =
are conjugate] 3
So, statement(1) is not correct.
50 ´ (10000 + 300 - 1) 50 ´10299
Since, quadratic equation has two roots thus this = = = 171650
equation has only imaginary roots. Statement (2) is 3 3
correct. 2 3
y æ yö æ yö
\ The equation is 4. (c) x = 1 + + ç ÷ + ç ÷ + .....
x2 – (Sum of roots) x + (Product of roots) = 0 2 è 2ø è 2ø
1 1 4 y
Sum of roots = + = Here, < 1 and this a G.P. with first term = 1 and common
2 - 3i 2 + 3i 13 2
1 1 1 y
Product of roots = ´ = ratio = so,
2 - 3i 2 + 3i 13 2
1 2
4 1 Þ x= Þ x=
Þ x2 - x + = 0 Þ 13x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 y 2 - y
13 13 1-
2
Þ So, statement 3 is correct.
Thus, (2) and (3) statements are correct. 2x - 2
Þ 2 x – xy = 2 Þ y =
x
 EBD_7346
M-74 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
5. (c) The GP is a, ar, ar2,........ ar2n Þ 4b = a + 3c
So, P = a . ar . ar2 . ar3........... ar2n From Eq. (1)
= a2n+1. r1 + 2 +......+ 2n 4ar = a + 3ar2
Þ 3ar2 – 4ar + a = 0
2n(2n +1)
Þ 3r2 – 4r + 1 = 0
(2n +1)
= a r 2 = a2n + 1 rn(2n + 1) = (arn)(2n + 1) Þ 3r2 – 3r – r + 1 = 0
= (2n + 1)th power of the (n + 1)th term of G.P. Þ 3r (r – 1) – 1(r – 1) = 0
6. (a) If x, y, z are in GP then x . z = y2 Þ (r –1) (3r –1) = 0
1 1
1 Þ r = 1 or r = , r = is in the choice.
Here x = , z = loga a2, y = (loga2a) 3 3
8
11. (b) Since, first term and common difference of an AP are
1 1 1 u and v respectively.
´ loga a 2 = .2 = pth term, Tp = u + (p –1) v ...(i)
8 8 4
and qth term, Tq = u + (q – 1) v ...(ii)
2 According to condition given in question,
æ1ö 1
( )
2 Þ Tp = Tq + 15uv
and log 2 a =ç ÷ =
a è2ø 4 Þ Tp – Tq = 15uv
Þ u + (p –1) v – u – (q –1) v = 15 uv
Hence, 1 , log 2 a, log a a 2 are in GP.. Þ v (p – 1– q + 1) = 15 uv
8 a Þ v (p – q) = 15uv
Thus, both A and R are individually true and R is correct Þ p - q = 15u Þ p = q + 15u
explanation of A. 12. (d) Since, a, b, c, are in AP
7. (c) If (x + 1), (4x + 1) and (8x + 1) are in GP. 1 1 1
then (4x + 1)2 = (x + 1) (8x + 1) , , are in HP..
a b c
Þ 16x2 + 8x + 1 = 8x2 + x + 8x + 1 Since, AM ³ HM
Þ 8x2 – x = 0 Þ x(8x – 1) = 0
2ac
Þ b³
1 1 a +c
Þ x = 0, , [ is non–trivial value]
8 8
2 ac
8. (b) The given equation [since AM= b and HM= ]
a +c
(a2 + b2) x2– 2b (a + c) x + (b2 + c2) = 0
Þ ab + bc ³ 2ac
has equal roots, so, discriminant = 0
2
Hence, {2b (a + c)}2 – 4(a2 + b2) (b2 + c2) = 0 13. (a) Given that 1 + n é x ù + n(n + 1) é x ù +...¥ is
Þ 4b2 (a2 + c2 + 2ca) – 4(a2b2 + a2c2 + b4 + b2c2) êë1 - x úû 2! ëê1 - x ûú
=0 -n
Þ b2a2 + b2c2 + 2b2ca – a2b2 – a2c2 – b4–b2c2 = 0 é x ù
expansion of ê1 - .
Þ 2b2ca = b4 + a2c2 ë 1 - x ûú
Þ b4 – 2b2ca + a2c2 = 0 -n
é1 - x - x ù
-n
é 1- x ù
n
Þ (b2)2 – 2(b2)(ac) + (ac)2 = 0 So, it is = é1 - x ù = ê =ê
êë 1 - x ûú ë 1 - x úû ë1 - 2x úû
Þ (b2 – ac)2 = 0 14. (d) Let the first term and common difference of an AP be a
Þ b2 = ac and d respectively.
Þ a, b, c are in GP. Then, as given
9. (a) Let first term and common difference of an AP are a and 2p + 1 ö
d respectively. (p + 1) (2p + 1) = æç ÷ {2a + (2p + 1 – 1) d}
è 2 ø
Its Pth term = a + (p – 1) d = q ...(i)
th
and q term = a + (q – 1) d = p ...(ii) 1
Þ (p + 1) = {2a + 2pd}
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we find 2
a = p + q –1, d = –1 Þ (p + 1) = a + pd
10. (a) Given that a, b, c, are in GP. Þ p + 1 = a + [(p + 1) – 1]d = tp + 1
Let r be common ratio of GP. Hence, the inference is : the (p + 1)th term of the AP is
(p + 1).
So, a = a, b = ar and c = ar 2 ...(i)
15. (a) If a, b, c are in G.P. then,
Also, given that a, 2b, 3c are in AP.
b2= ac Þ b = (ac)1/2 ....(1)
a + 3c Taking logn on both the sides of eq. (1).
Þ 2b =
2
Sequence and Series M-75

1 log n a + log n c 19. (c) As given, n th term

lognb =
2
[ (log n (ac) ] =
2
Tn = 3n + 7

or,
log n a + log n c
= log n b
å Tn
Sum of n term, Sn =
2 = å (3n + 7) =3å n + 7å 1
So, logn a, logn b and logn c are in AP.
3n(n + 1) é 3n + 3 + 14 ù é 3n + 17 ù
1 1 1 = + 7n = n ê ú = nê
Hence, , , are in H.P.. 2 ë 2 û ë 2 úû
log n a log n b log n c
é 3 ´ 50 + 17 ù
1 Sum of 50 terms S50 = 50 ê úû
loga n = ë 2
log n a
é167 ù
= 50 ê = 25 ´ 167 = 4175
1 ë 2 úû
logb n =
log n b 20. (a) As given :
x +y, 2y and y +z are in harmonic progression.
1 (x + y)(y + z)
logc n = 2y =
log n c x+y+y+z
1 1 1
i.e. loga n, logb n, and logc n are in HP. Þ = +
2y x + y y + z
1 1 1 Þ y (x +2y +z ) = (xy + xz + y2 +yz )
16. (d) 1 - + - + ... can be written as
2 4 8 Þ xy + 2y2 +yz = xy + xz + y2 + yz
Þ y2 = xz
2 3 Þ x, y, z are in geometric progession.
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
1 + ç - ÷ + ç - ÷ + ç - ÷ + ... 21. (a) As given the series is
è 2ø è 2ø è 2ø
1 1.3 1.3.5
[Q This is a GP with first term = 1 and common ratio S = 1+ + + + ....¥
8 8.16 8.16.24
1 On comparing this series with
=– ]
2 n(n - 1) 2
So, sum of the series S = (1 + x)n = 1 + nx + x + ...¥, we get
2!
1 1 2 1
= = = nx = ....(1)
æ 1 ö 1+ 1 3 8
1- ç- ÷
è 2ø 2 n(n - 1) 2 1.3
and x = ....(2)
17. (c) b1, b2, b3 are in AP with common difference d, 2! 8.16
so b2 = b1 + d and b3 = b1 + 2d From Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
n(n - 1) 2 1.3
As given, b 32 = b2b3 + b1d + 2 x
2! = 8.16
Þ (b1 + 2d)2 = (b1 + d) (b1 + 2d) + b1d + 2 n 2 x2 1 1
.
Þ b12 + 4d2 + 4b1d = b12 + 2b1d + b1d + 2d2 + b1d + 2 8 8
Þ 2d2 = 2 n -1 3
Þ =
Þ d2 = 1 2n 2
Þ n – 1 = 3n
Þ d=±1
1
i.e. d = 1 or – 1 Þ n=-
Since, d > 0, –1 is discarded and d = 1 2
On putting this value in Eq. (i)
18. (c) As given 1, x, y, z 16 are in geometric progression.
Let common ratio be r, æ 1ö 1
Þ ç- ÷ x =
x = 1. r = r è 2ø 8
y = 1 . r2 = r2 1
z = 1. r3 = r3 Þ x=- .
4
and 16 = 1 .r4 Þ 16 = r4 -1/ 2
Þ r=2 æ 1ö
But S = (1 + x)n = ç 1 - ÷
\ x = 1. r = 2, y = 1. r2 = 4, è 4ø
z = 1 . r3 = 8 æ 3ö
-1/ 2
2
\ x + y + z = 2 + 4 + 8 = 14 =ç ÷ = .
è 4ø 3
 EBD_7346
M-76 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

ab and 25. (c) As given : a, b, c, d are in AP

22. (c) Let series be a, G1, b and a', G2, b' so, G1 =
G2 = a ' b ' 1 1 1 1
Þ , , , are in HP
Series formed by ratio of the corresponding terms are : a b c d
a G1 b Multiplying by abcd throughout
, , .
a ' G2 b ' abcd abcd abcd abcd are in HP
Þ , , , ,
a b c d
a b
Geometric means of this series = . Þ bcd, acd, abd, abc are in HP.
a ' b' 26. (b) The given expression 91/3, 91/9 91/27 ... ¥
ab ab G Can be written as :
= = = 1
a 'b ' a ' b ' G2 1
3
So, geometric mean of the ratio of corresponding term 1 1 1 1 1 2
of two series where G1 and G2 are geometric means of + + +...¥ 1- /
9 3 9 27 = 9 3 = 9 3 3 = 91/ 2 = 3
G1
two series is G . 27. (b) Since, a > d and a, b, c, d are in HP.
2 Þ a > b > c > d.
23. (c) As given :
2ac 2a b c d
Points A (a,ma), B [b, (m +1)b]and C[c,(m + 2) c] are b= Þ b2d =
collinear. a+c a +c
Þ a{(m + 1)b – (m + 2) c} + b {(m + 2)c – ma} 2bd 2a bcd
+ c{ma – (m + 1)b} = 0 and c = Þ c2a =
b+d b+d
Þ mab + ab – mac – 2ac + mbc +2bc – mab + mac
– mbc – bc = 0
c2 a a+c
Þ ab – 2ac + 2bc – bc = 0 =
Þ ab + bc = 2ac
2
b d b+d
Dividing both the sides by abc, we get
a + c æ aö æ cö æ cö
1 1 2 Þ =ç ÷ .ç ÷ .ç ÷ > 1
+ = b + d è bø è dø è bø
c a b
Þ a+c>b+d
1 1 1 28. (b) Let first instalement be Rs. x and difference of
Þ , , are in A.P
a b c consecutive instalments be Rs. d.
Þ a, b, c, are in Harmonic progression for all m. 30 3600 ´ 2
1
Þ [ 2x + 29d ] =
2 3
24. (b) (A) : 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + ... =
3 (Q 1/3 amount is unpaid, 2/3rd amount is paid)
rd
Let S = 0.3 +0.03 +0.003 + ....
This is geometric series with 2400
Þ 2x + 29d =
15
1
first term, a = 0.3 and common ration, r = . Þ 2x + 29d = 160 ... (1)
10
Since total amount was 3600 and it was to be paid in 40
a 0.3 0.3 ´ 10 installment.
So, S = = =
1- r 1 9
1- 40
10 Þ [2x + 39d ] = 3600
2
3 1
= = . So, (A) is true. Þ 2x + 39d = 180 ...(2)
9 3
On solving eqs. (1) and (2), we get
(R) : As given : an = a + nd
x = 51 and d = 2
Þ a1 + a2 + ... + an
= a + d + a + 2d + ... + a + nd First instalment = Rs. 51
= na + ( 1+ 2 + ...+ n)d 29. (d) Let a be the first term and r, the common ratio
First nine terms of a GP are a, ar, ar 2, .... ar8.
n(n + 1)d n
= na + = [2a + (n + 1)d] \ P = a.ar. ar2 .... ar 8 = a9.r1+2+...+8
2 2
8.9
So, (R) is also true 9 = (ar4)9 = (T5)9
Hence, both (A) and (R) are true. but R is not the correct =a = a 9 r 36
.r 2
explanation of (A) = 9th power of the 5th term
Sequence and Series M-77

30. (a) If the sequence is in AP with first term, a and common n +1

difference, d. 35. (b) Geometric mean = 1.2.4.8...2 n
Þ Tn = a + (n – 1) d (Q there are (n + 1) multiples from 2° to 2n)
Also Tn–1 = a + (n – 2) d
= n +1 0 1 2 3
So, the sequence is in AP for which difference between 2 .2 .2 .2 ...2 n
the nth term and (n – 1)th term is independent of n.
n( n +1)
1 1 1 1 = n +1 1+ 2 + 3 + ...+ n = n +1
31. (b) As given : + = + 2 2 2
b–c b–a a c
1
1 1 1 1
Þ – + – =0 =é
n ( n +1) ù n +1 n
b–c a b–a c ëê 2 2 ûú = 22
a –b+c c–b+a 36. (c) Let the AP is
Þ + =0
a(b – c) c(b – a) a, a + d, a + 2d, ....., a + (2n – 1) d, a + 2nd
Series of even terms.
ì 1 1 ü
Þ (a – b + c) í + ý=0 a + d, a + 3d, .........., a + (2n –1)d, has n terms
î a(b – c) c(b – a) þ
n
cb – ac + ab – ac Sum of even number = [(a + d ) + {a + (2n - 1)d }]
Þ =0 2
ac(b – c)(b – a)
n
Þ cb + ab = 2ac = [2a + 2nd ] = n[a + nd ]
Dividing both sides by abc 2
Series of odd terms
1 1 2 1 1 1
Þ + = Þ , , are in AP.. Þ a, b, c are in HP. a,a + 2d, a + 4d, ............, a + 2 nd, has (n + 1) terms.
a c b a b c
32. (d) Let n +1
Sum of odd numbers = [a + (a + 2 nd )]
S = 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + .........+ an 2
–S = 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + ...+ an-1+ an n +1
– – – – – – – – = (2a + 2 nd )
0 = 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + ...– an 2
Þ an = 3 + [4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + ... (n –1)] = (n + 1)(a + nd)
( n - 1) n +1
= 3+ [8 + {(n - 1) - 1} ´ 2] So, the required ratio =
2 n
(n - 1) 37. (b) Given,
= 3+ [8 + 2n - 4]
2 Sn = n2 – 2n
(n - 1) \ an = Sn – Sn – 1
= 3+ (2n + 4) = n2 – 2n – [(n – 1)2 – 2(n –1)]
2
= 3 + (n – 1) (n + 2) = n2 – 2n – [n2 + 1 – 2n – 2n + 2] = 2n – 3
\ 15th term = a15 = 3 + (15 –1) (15 + 2) 38. (a) Since, a, 2a + 2 and 3a + 3 are in GP
= 3 + 14 × 17 = 241 \ (2a + 2)2 = a (3a + 3)
33. (a) Given an = 2n – 1 Þ 4a2 + 4 + 8a = 3a2 + 3a Þ a2 + 5a + 4 = 0
n n Þ a (a + 4) + 1(a + 4) = 0 Þ (a + 4) (a + 1) = 0
\ S n = å ak = å (2n - 1)
Þ a + 4 = 0 or a + 1 =0
k =1 k =1
Þ a = – 4 or – 1
n
n(n + 1)
= 2 å n - n = 2.
Let the fourth term be x.
- n = n2 + n – n = n2
k =1 2 a 3a + 3
34. (b) Harmonic mean of three number x1, x2, x3 is \ =
2a + 2 x
3
(3a + 3)(2a + 2)
1
+
1
+
1 Þ x=
a
x1 x2 x3
When a = – 4,
3 3 3 x = – 13.5
\ H. M = = = =¥
1 æ -1 ö æ -1 ö 1 1 0 and a = – 1, x = 0
+ç ÷+ç ÷ -
3 è 6 ø è 6 ø 3 3 So, the fourth term is –13.5
 EBD_7346
M-78 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
39. (a) Let S = 9 + 99 + 999 + .... 44. (d) Let the Geometric progression be a, ar, ar 2, ar3, ar4,…
= (101 – 1) + (102 – 1) + (103 – 1) + ... First five terms of a geometric progression are a, ar, ar2,
= (10 + 102 + 103 + ...) – (1 + 1 + 1 + ... 100 times) ar3, ar4.
a + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + ar 4
10(10100 - 1) \ Mean =
= - 100 (Q 10, 102, 103 ........: is G.P. with 5
10 - 1
a ( r 5 - 1)
æ a (r n - 1) ö
a(r100 - 1) = çèQ Sum of G.P = ÷
a = 10, r = 10, S100 = ) 5( r - 1) r -1 ø
r -1
45. (b) Since nth term of A.P = a + (n –1)d
10 100 \ p =1 + (n – 1)2
= (10 - 1) - 100 (Q First term = a = 1 and common difference = d = 2)
9
p +1
(GM)2 Þ n=
40. (b) We know, HM = 2
AM \ (1 + 3 + 5 + ...... + p) + (1 + 3 + 5 + ..... + q)
16 = (1 + 3 + 5 + ..... + r)
\ HM = p +1
5
é æ p +1 ö ù
41. (c) Harmonic mean = 21.6 and a = 27 Þ 2 ê2 ´1+ ç –1÷ 2ú
We know that, 2 ë è 2 ø û

2ab 2 ´ 27 ´ b æ q + 1ö
Harmonic mean = Þ 21.6 = çè ÷
a+b 27 + b 2 ø é æ q +1 ö ù
+ ê2 ´ 1 + çè 2 - 1÷ø 2ú
Þ 583.2 = 54b – 21.6b 2 ë û
583.2
Þ b= = 18 r +1 é æ r +1 ö ù
32.4 = 2 ´1+ ç - 1÷ 2 ú
4 êë è 2 ø û
42. (c) Let the Geometric progression be a, ar, ar2, ar3, … with
common ratio r and first term ‘a’. p +1 q +1
According to the question, we have Þ [ 2 + (p - 1)] + [ 2 + (q - 1) ]
4 4
a + ar = 8 Þ a(1 + r) = 8 ...(i)
r +1
and a + ar + ar2 + ar3 = 80 = [2 + r - 1]
4
Þ a(1 + r) + ar2 (1 + r) = 80
Þ a(1 + r)(1 + r2) = 80 Þ (p + 1)2 + (q + 1)2 = (r + 1)2
Þ 8(1 + r2) = 80 (from (i)) This is the possible only when p = 7, q = 5, r = 9
\ p + q + r = 7 + 5 + 9 = 21
2 80
Þ 1+ r = = 10 46. (a) Let x2, y2, z2 are in A.P
8 Þ y2 – x2 = z2 –y2
Þ r2 = 10 – 1 = 9 2y2 = x2 + z2
Þ r=3 (Q r > 0) (a) Suppose y + z, z + x and x +y are in A-P
From eq. (i), a(1 + 3) = 8 \ (z + x) – (y+z) = (x +y) – (z+x)
Þ a= 2 2(z + x) = (y + z) + (x+y)
Now, 6th term = ar5 = 2(3)5 = 2 × 243 = 486 Þ 2z + 2x = 2y + z + x Þ z + x = 2y
43. (a) log2 x, log3 x, logx 16 are in G.P. Þ x, y and z are in AP. Which is true
(b) Let y + z, z + x, x + y are in HP.
log3 x log x 16
\ = 2(y + z)(x + y)
log 2 x log 3 x \ z+x =
y+ z+ x+ y
Þ (log3 x)2 = log2 x × logx 16
Þ 2 × log3 x = log2 x × logx 24 2(y + z) (x + y)
Þ 2 × log3 x = 4 × log2 x × logx 2 Þ z+x =
2y + z + x
Þ log3 x = 2(log2 x × logx 2) Þ 2yz + z + zx + 2xy + xz + x2
2

é log2 x ù æ 1 ö = 2yx + 2y2 + 2zx + 2yz

Þ log3 x = 2 ê log x ú çQ log b a = log b ÷ 2 2
Þ z + x = 2y 2
ë 2 û è a ø
Þ x2, y2 and z2 are in AP. Which is true.
Þ log3 x = 2 Þ x = 32 = 9 Hence, y + z, z + x and x + y are in A.P.
Sequence and Series M-79

47. (a) Since, x, 2x + 2, 3x + 3 are the terms of G..P 1 1

(m – 1 – n + 1) d = –
2 x + 2 3x + 3 n m
therefore =
x 2x + 2 m–n
Þ (2x + 2)2 = x (3x + 3) Þ 4x2 + 4 + 8x = 3x2 + 3x Þ (m – n) d =
mn
Þ x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
Þ x2 + 4x + x + 4 = 0 1
Þd=
Þ x (x + 4) + 1 (x + 4) = 0 mn
Þ x = – 1, – 4 Now, (mn)th term = a + (mn – 1)d
Now, first term a = x 1 1
= a + (mn –1) = a +1 –
2( x + 1) mn mn
Second term, ar = 2(x + 1) Þ r = 1
x
Now, a = – (n –1)d
m
3
æ 2( x + 1) ö 1 1 1 n 1 1
\ Fourth term = ar3 = x ç ÷ = – (n –1) = – + =
è x ø m mn m mn mn mn
Put x = – 4, we get
1 1
3 3 \ (mn)th term = + 1– =1
æ 2(–4 + 1) ö æ3ö 27 mn mn
Fourth term = – 4 ç ÷ = –4 ´ ç ÷ = – 50. (c) Let a and d be the first term and common difference of
è –4 ø è2ø 2
an AP respectively
1 1 3 \ a + 58 d = 449 and a + 448 d = 59
48. (b) Given sequence is 20,19 ,18 ,17 ,.....
4 2 4 On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
77 37 71 a = 507 and d = -1
Which can be rewritten as 20, , , ,...
nth term of AP is a + (n – 1) d.
4 2 4
This is an AP series. Let us assume that n th term will be zero.
\ a + ( n - 1) d = 0
3
Here, first term a = 20 and common difference d = –
4 Þ 0 = 507 + ( n - 1)( -1)
æ 3ö Þ 507 = n - 1 Þ n = 508
nth term = a + (n – 1) d = 20 + (n –1) ç – ÷ Hence, 508th term will be zero.
è 4ø
51. (b) Given AM = 27 and HM = 12
83 3 and we know that
= – n
4 4 (GM)2 = (AM) (HM) = 27 × 12
For first negative term, nth term < 0 Þ GM = 27 ´ 12 = 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´ 2
83 3 Þ GM = 3 ´ 3 ´ 2 = 18
Þ – n < 0 Þ 83 < 3n
4 4 52. (c) The numbers between 200 and 400 which are divisible
by 7, are
83
Þ n> = 27.66 203, 210, 217, ......, 399
3 This is an A.P with first term = a = 203 and common
So, n should be 28. difference = d = 7
Hence, 28th term is first negative term. Now, let number of terms be n.
49. (d) Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference Therefore from the nth term of A.P = a + (n – 1) d we
of an A.P have
399 = 203 + (n – 1) 7
1
Now, Given mth term = 196
n Þ = ( n - 1) Þ n = 29
7
1
and n th term = n
m Required sum = [ a + l] where l = last term
2
1
Þ a + (m – 1) d = and 29
n Thus, required sum = [ 203 + 399]
2
1
a + (n – 1) d = 29 ´ 602
m = = 8729
2
By subtracting the above two eqns, we get
 EBD_7346
M-80 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

1 1 1 216
53. (c) Let , , are in AP. Þ x1 × x2 = = 18 ...(i)
ab ca bc 12
Also, given that actual number is 8.
1 1 1 1
Þ - = -
ca ab bc ca \ Actual G.M. = 3 x1 × x2 × 8 = 3 18 ´ 8 (from (i))
1æ1 1ö 1æ1 1 ö = 3 18 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 = 2.3 18
Þ ç - ÷= ç - ÷
aèc bø cèb a ø 56. (a) Let A, G and H be the arithmetic mean, geometric mean
and Harmonic mean of two numbers a and b
b - c a -b respectively.
Þ =
abc abc According to the Question
Þ b - c = a - b Þ 2b = a + c G = H + 1.6
Þ a, b, c are in AP. Which is true and A = H + 1.6 + 2 = H + 3. 6
We have AH = G2
1 1 1 (H + 3.6) H = (H+ 1.6)2
Now, , , are in A.P..
b+ c c+ a a+ b Þ H2 + 3.6H = H2 + 2.56 + 3.2 H
2 1 1 2.56
\ = + Þ H= = 6.4
c+ a b+ c a+ b 0.4
\ A = 6. 4 + 3.6 = 10
Þ 2 ( b+ c )( a+ b ) and G = 6. 4 + 1.6 = 8

= ( c+ a )( a+2 b+ c ) Now, A =
a+b
2
Þ a + b = 2A

Þ 2 ( )
ab + b + ac + bc = ac + 2 bc + c + a Þ a + b = 20
and ab = G2 = 64
...(i)
...(ii)
+2 ab + ac We know that, (a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab
= 400 – 256 = 144
Þ 2 ab + 2b + 2 ac + 2 bc Þ a – b = 12 ...(iii)
= 2 ac + 2 bc + 2 ab + c + a On solving Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
a = 16 and b = 4
Þ 2b = a + c 57. (d) Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘ar’ be the second term of
Þ a, b, c are in A.P. Which is true. G.P with common ratio ‘r’.
Hence, both the statements are correct.
54. (d) Let a and d be the first term and common difference of 9 a
Given: S¥ = 6 and a + ar = Þ =6
an AP respectively 2 1- r
pth term = a + (p – 1)d Þ a = 6 (1 – r) ...(i)
and qth term = a + (q – 1)d
9
According to question. and a + ar =
2
p éë a + ( p - 1) d ùû = q éë a + ( q - 1) d ùû
9
Þ 6 (1 – r) + 6r (1 – r) = [from (i)]
Þ pa + ( p 2 - p ) d = qa + ( q 2 - q ) d 2
Þ 12 – 12r + 12r – 12r2 = 9
Þ ( p - q ) a = ( q2 - p2 + p - q ) d
3 1 1 -1
Þ r2 = = Þ r = or Þ a = 3or 9
Þ ( p - q ) a = ( p - q )( - p - q + 1) d 12 4 2 2
58. (a) Let ‘a’ and ‘b’ two numbers.
Þ a = - ( p + q - 1) d
a+b
Now, ( p + q )th term = a + ( p + q –1) d A.M = and G.M = ab
2
= - ( p + q - 1) d + ( p + q - 1) d = 0 According to the question,
A: G= m : n
55. (c) We know geometric mean of 3 numbers x1, x2, x3 is
3 x1 × x2 × x3 Þ
a+b
=
m
Þ
(a + b ) = m 2
2
...(i)
Given, if observations are x1, x2, 12, G.M. is 6 2 ab n 4ab n2
Þ 3 x1 × x2 ×12 = 16 (a + b )2 - 4ab = m 2 - n 2
and
Þ x1 × x2 × 12 = 63 = 216 4ab n2
Sequence and Series M-81

62. (b) Let the given series be

( a - b )2 =
m2 - n 2
Þ ...(ii) 1 -1
4ab n2 , , 1, ............
4 2
Since, on dividing Equation (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 4
Let a = and r = - ´ = – 2
(a + b ) 2
=
m 2
Þ
(a + b) =
m 4 2 1
(a - b ) 2 2
m -n 2 (a - b) m - n2
2 \ General term = Tn = arn–1
1
Þ – 128 = (– 2)n–1
(a + b ) + (a - b ) = m + m2 - n 2 4
Þ Þ – 512 = (– 2)n–1
(a + b ) - (a - b ) m - m2 - n 2 Þ (– 2)9 = (– 2)n–1
(Using componendo dividendo rule) Þ 9 = n – 1 Þ n = 10
63. (c) Suppose a, b and c are in HP.
2 2
2a a m + m - n 2ac
Þ = = \ b=
2b b m - m 2 - n 2 a+c
Now, consider
59. (c) Required geometric mean = 5
2.4.8.16.32 1 1 1 1
= (32 ) = (2 ) = 2 = 8
3 1/5 15 1/5 3 + = +
b-a b-c 2 ac 2 ac
-a -c
60. (d) Let a – d, a and a + d be three numbers which are in a+c a+c
A.P. since A, B and C are in A.P.
a+c a+c æ a + c ö æ 1 1ö
\ A = a – d, B = a, C = a + d = + = -
a (c - a ) c (a - c ) çè c - a ÷ø çè a c ÷ø
Þ a – d + a + a + d = 180°
(Q A, B and C are angles of a triangle) a+c c-a a+c 1 1
= ´ = = +
Þ a = 60° c-a ca ca a c
Þ A = 60° – d, B = 60°, C = 60° + d Thus, our supposition is correct.
Now by sine rule, Hence, a, b and c are in HP.
64. (b) Given series is
b sin B 3 sin 60° 1 1
= Þ =
c sin C 2 sin C 3+ + + ...........
3 3 3
2
3 2 1
Þ sin C = ´ = Since, æç 1 ö÷ = 3 ´ 1
2 3 2 è 3ø 3 3
61. (b) Let a, ar and ar 2 be three positive terms of G.P. Þ Given series is a G.P.
According to question, a
\ Sum upto ¥ =
1 1- r
a= (ar + ar2)
3 1
where a = 3 = first term and r = = common ratio
Þ3=r+r 2 3
Þ r2 + r – 3 = 0 3 3 3
\ S¥ = =
-1 ± 1 + 4 ´ 3 1 2
Þ r= 1-
2 3
65. (d) Three numbers a, b and c will be in G.P. if b2 = ac.
-1 ± 13 13 - 1 æ 1 + 13 ö Only option (d) i.e. tan2 30°, tan2 45° and tan 2 60° are
Þ r= = , -ç ÷ in G.P.
2 2 è 2 ø
1
Q tan2 30° =
Since, r can not be negative. 3
tan2 45° = 1
13 - 1 and tan2 60° = 3
\ r=
2 \ tan2 30°, tan2 45° and tan2 60° are in G.P.
 EBD_7346
M-82 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
66. (b) Given two series are 72. (c) Let a and b be two numbers such that
2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 + 22 + 26 + 30 +----- a+b
and 1 + 6 + 11 + 16 + 21 + 26 + 31 + ----- A.M. = = 10
2
So, series which are made to be common terms of both Þ a + b = 20 ...(1)
series is 6, 26,-----
This is an A. P where a = 6, d = 20 and G.M. = ab = 8 Þ ab = 64 ...(2)
\ a10 = a + (n – 1) d From (1) and (2), we have
= 6 + (10 – 1) 20 = 6 + 9 × 20 a2 – 20a + 64 = 0 Þ (a – 4) (a – 16) = 0
= 180 + 6 = 186 Þ a = 4, 16
Thus, when a = 4, b = 16 and when a = 16, b = 4
67. (a) General term of G.P = arn–1.
Hence, one number exceeds the other number by 12.
Given : a10 = 9 and a4 = 4
73. (c) Given S2S11 = SpS8
Þ ar9 = 9 and ar3 = 4 Þ (ar) (ar10) = arp– 1 (ar7)
On dividing we get where ‘a’ is the first term and ‘r’ is the common ratio of
G.P.
ar 9 9 9
= Þ r6 = Þ r11 = r7 + p – 1 Þ r11 = r6+p
3 4 4
ar Þ 11 = 6 + p Þ p = 5
ar3 = 4 Þ (ar3)2 =16 1 1 1
74. (c) Since , , are in H.P..
Þ a2 r6 = 16 4 x 10
\ 4, x, 10 are in AP.
2 9 2 64 8
Þ a ´ = 16 Þ a = Þ a=
4 9 3 14
Þ 2x = 4 + 10 Þ x = =7
2
8 9 75. (d) Since p, q, r are in A.P.
Thus, a7 = ar6 = ´ =6
3 4 \ 2q = p + r ....(1)
Since p, q, r are in G.P.
68. (c) Let log
10
x
( ) x
2 , log10 2 - 1 and log10 2 + 3 are ( ) q2 = pr Þ q = pr
in A.P \ 2 pr = p + r
\ 2log
10 (2 - 1) = log10 2 + log10 (2 + 3)
x x
( p) +( r)
2 2
– 2 p. r = 0

( ) ( )
2
( )
2
Þ log10 2 x - 1 = log10 2 2 x + 3 Þ p- r =0

Þ p= r
Þ 2 2 x + 1 - 2 x + 1 = 2.2 x + 6
Þp=r ...(2)
2q = 2p
Þ a + 1 - 2 a = 2a + 6 where a = 2x.
2
Þq=p ...(3)
Þ a2 – 4a – 5 = 0 from (2) and (3)
Þ a = 5 or a = – 1 2x = 5 Þ x log2 = log 5 p=q=r
76. (c) Let ‘a’ and ‘b’ be two non-negative numbers.
log 5 G.M. = ab = 10
Þx= Þ x = log 5
log 2 2
Þ ab =100
69. (c) Let n!, 3(n!) and (n + 1)! are in G. P. 2ab
Then, [3(n!)]2 = (n!) (n + 1)! and H.M. = =8
a+b
Þ 9 ´ n! ´ n! = ( n !) ( n + 1) n! 200
Þ =8
Þ 9 = (n + 1) Þ n = 8 a+b
70. (b) Given, Þ a + b = 25
a, b, c, d, e, f are in A.P Consider (a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab = 625 – 400 = 225
\ 2d = e + c ...(1) Þ a – b = 15
and a + b = 25
Consider e – c = 2d – c – c (from 1)
Þ 2a = 40 Þ a = 20 and b = 5
= 2d – 2c = 2 (d – c)
71. (b) G..M= (10 ´ 40 ´ 60)1/3 = 28.84 ; 28 20 + 5
A.M. = = 12.5
2
Sequence and Series M-83

77. (c) Given sequence is

10
1, 5, 9, 13, 17, .... 82. (b) S10 = [ 2a + 9d ]
Which is an A.P. 2
Here a = 1, d = 4 120 = 5 (2a + 9d)
\ nth term = an = a + (n – 1)d = 1 + (n – 1)4 2a + 9d = 24 ...(i)
= 1 + 4n – 4 = 4n – 3.
20
1 1 S20 = [ 2a + 19d ]
78. (d) Given series is 1 + + 3+ + .... 2
3 3 3 440 = 10 [2a + 19d]
a 1 a3 3 a 1/ 3 3 2a + 19d = 44 ...(ii)
Consider 2 = , = , 4 = Solving (i) & (ii), we get
a1 3 a 2 1/ 3 a 3 3
1 1- 3 a =3
Also find a 2 - a1 = -1 =
3 3 83. (b) put a = 3 in (i)
1 3 3 -1 6 + 9 d = 24
a3 - a 2 = 3 - =
3 3 9d = 18 Þ d = 2
1 1- 9 3 84. (a) We have,
a 4 - a3 = -3=
3 3 3 3 n = 100
a 2 a3 a 4
Thus, a ¹ a ¹ a n 2 - 3n
1 2 3
Number of diagonals =
2
and a 2 - a1 ¹ a 3 - a 2 ¹ a 4 - a 3
Hence, Given series is neither A.P., G.P. nor H.P. 1002 - 300 9700
= = = 4850
1 2 2
79. (d) Given series is a G.P. with a = 1, r = -
2 85. (a) We have,
a 1 2 a = 30°, n = 3,
\ S¥ = = =
1 - r 1 - æ -1 ö 3 S3 = 180°
ç ÷
è 2ø 3
80. (b) Consider the Ist statement 13 + 23 + .... + 203. S3 = é 2 ´ 30° + ( 3 - 1) d ùû
2ë
2
é n ( n + 1) ù
=ê ú Here n = 20 3
ë 2 û
180 = [60 + 2d ]
2
2
é 21 ù 180 = 3 [30 + d]
= ê 20 ´ ú = (210)2 = 44100 30 + d = 60
ë 2û
So, statement I is false.
Consider the IInd statement. d = 30
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) p
12 + 22 + 32 + ......... + 202 = Now, largest angle = a + 2d = 30 + 60 = 90° =
6 2
20 ´ 21 ´ 41
= = 2870 86. (a) Geometric mean = n +1
6 1.2.4.8...2 n
So, statement II is true. (Q there are (n + 1) multiples from 2° to 2n)
81. (c) a = 1
= n +1 0 1 2 3
1 2 .2 .2 .2 ...2 n
r = - ( < 1)
2 n( n +1)
\ Sum of Ist 8 terms is :- = n +1 1+ 2 + 3 + ...+ n = n +1
2 2 2
é æ -1 ö8 ù
1 ê1 - ç ÷ ú
ê è 2 ø ûú
é
ê For G . P. S = (
a 1 - rn ) ùú 1
n ( n +1) ù n +1
S8 = ë =é
n
ê n ú
1 1- r ëê 2 2 ûú = 22
1+ ëê ûú
2 87. (a) Q (n – 3), 4n – 2, 5n + 1 are in A.P.
1 1 Þ (4n – 2) – (n – 3) = (5n + 1) – (4n – 2)
-
85 Þ 3n + 1 = n + 3
= 1 256 =
3 128 Þ n=1
2
 EBD_7346
M-84 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
88. (a) Let the two numbers be a, b.
94. (a) 1 ,....., ¥
2ab 3, 3,1,
Given, H. M. = 4 Þ = 4 Þ ab = 2(a + b) ...(i) 3
a+b
Also, given 2A + G2 = 27 1
This is a Geometric Progression with a = 3, r =
æ a +b ö 3
Þ 2ç ÷ + ab = 27
è 2 ø
Þ a + b + ab = 27 a 3
S¥ = =
Þ a + b + 2(a + b) = 27 (from (i)) 1– r 1– 1
Þ 3a + 3b = 27 3
Þ a+b=9 ...(ii)
From (i), ab = 2(9) = 18 ...(iii) 3 3 3 +13 3( 3 + 1)
= ´ =
Solving (ii), (iii) we get 3 -1 3 +1 2
a = 3, b = 6 or a = 6, b = 3
95. (b) Given, Sn = Sum of first n terms of an AP.
89. (a) Given, a, b, c, d are in A.P.
h 2n
1 1 1 1 Sn = [2a + (n - 1)d] or S2n = [2a + (2n – 1) d]
Þ , , , are in H.P.. 2 2
a b c d
3n
1 1 1 1 Similarly, S3n =[3a + (3n – 1) d]
Þ , , , are also in H.P.. 2
d c b a
According to direction, 3Sn = 2S2n
Now, multiply each term by abcd.
Putting the value of Sn and S2n in above equation.
abcd abcd abcd abcd
, , , æ nö æ nö
d c b a 3 ç ÷ [2a + (n – 1) d] = 2 ç ÷ [2a + (2n – 1) d]
è 2ø è 2ø
abc, abd, acd, bcd, are in H.P.
90. (a) S = 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + ... 6a + 3 (n – 1) d = 4a + 2(n – 1)d
= 9 (0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 + ...) 2a = d (n + 1)
n
é 0.1 ù 0.1 \ Sn = [d(n + 1) + d (n – 1)]
= 9ê ú = 9´ =1 2
ë 1 - 0.1 û 0.9
91. (c) S5 = S10 n
= [dn + d + dn – d]
2
5 10
Þ [2a + 4d] = [2a + 9d] n
2 2 = (2 dn) = n2d
Þ 5a + 10d = 10a + 45d 2
Now, S2n = n [d (n + 1) + (2n – 1) d] = 3n2 d
-1
Þ a = –7d or d = a 3n
7 S3n = [d (n + 1 + 3n – 1)] = 6n2 d
We see, If d is positive, then first term should be 2
negative and common difference should be positive.
S3n 6n 2 d 6
If d is negative, then first term should be position and Hence, = 2 = =6:1
common difference should be negative. Sn n d 1
92. (b) 0 + 3 = 3, 3 + 5 = 8 , 8 + 7 = 15, 15 + 9 = 24, 24 + 11 = 35,
35 + 13 = 48 S3n 6n 2 d 2
96. (a) From explanation = = =2:1
Sequence is 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48 S2n 3n 2 d 1
93. (c) GP = x
97. (b) f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
a \ f(1) = a + b + c
=x (where, a = lst term and r = common ratio)
1- r and f(–1) = a – b + c
\ f(1) = f(–1)
2
Þ =x ...(i) (Q Given a = 2 and | r | < 1) Þa+ b+c=a–b+cÞb= 0
1- r
98. (a) We have f¢ (x) = 2ax
Þ –1 < r < 1 Þ 1 > – r > – 1
Þ 1+1>1–r>1–1 \ f ¢ (a) = 2a2, f ¢(b) = 2ab = 0
Þ 0<1–r <2 and f ¢ (c) = 2ac (Q b = 0)
\ f ¢ (a) = 2a2
1 1 2
Þ > , >1 f ¢ (b) = 0
1- r 2 1- r
and f ¢(c) = –2a2 (Q 2b = a + c Þ c = – a)
from equation (i) x > 1
Hence, 1 < x < ¥. Hence f¢ (a), f¢ (b) and f ¢ (c) are in AP.
Sequence and Series M-85

99. (c) f¢¢(x) = 2a 3+ n

\ f²(a) = f²(b) = f²(c) 102. (d) Tn =
4
Hence, f ²(a), f ²(b) and f ² (c) are in both AP and GP.
¥
å Tn = å æç 4 + 4 ö÷
3 n
100. (d) Given 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 + ..... to n Sn =
= 5 [0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ..... to n terms] n =0 è ø

=
5
[0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ..... to n terms] 3 1 n ( n + 1) 7 n2
9 = n+ ´ = n+
4 4 2 8 8
5 é9 99 999 ù 2
= ê + + + ..... to n terms ú 7 (105 )
9 ë10 100 1000 û S105 = ´105 + = 1470
8 8
5 éæ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö ù 103. (b) Let the common ratio be K1 for p, q and r.
=
9 êç
1– ÷ + ç1 – ÷ + ç1 – ÷ + .....ú \ q = K1p
10 ø è 100 ø è 1000 ø
êè ú & r = (K1)2p
êë to n terms úû Let the common ratio be K2 for a, b and c
\ b = K2a
5 éæ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö & c = (K2)2a
= êç1 – ÷ + ç1 – 2 ÷ + ç1 – 3 ÷ \ bq = (K1K2)ap
9 ëè 10 ø è 10 ø è 10 ø
& Cr = (K1K2)2ap
So ap, bq, cr are in G.P.
æ 1 öù
+ ..... + ç1 – ÷ú 104. (c) 2 + 8 + 18 + 32 + .....
è 10n ø û
= 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + .....
5é æ1 1 1 öù
= 9 ên – ç 10 + 2 + .... n ÷ ú \ Sn = 2 [1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ....n terms]
ë è 10 10 ø û
n ( n + 1) n ( n + 1)
= 2 =
é ìï æ 1 ön üï ù 2 2
ê í1 – ç ÷ ý ú
5ê 1 ïî è 10 ø ïþ ú p
sin 2 {(n + 1) x}
= ên – ú 105. (c) an = ò dx
9ê 10 æ 1ö ú sin 2 x
ç 1 – ÷ 0
ê è 10 ø ú
êë úû Since it is a definite integral will have a definite value.
The sequence {a2n} is in AP with common difference.
5é 1æ 1 öù Statement (1) is correct.
= ê n – ç1 – n ÷ ú The sequence {a2n + 1} is also in AP with common
9ë 9è 10 ø û difference.
1 1 3 4 Statement (2) is correct.
101. (b) X=6 2 ´ 6 2 ´ 6 8 ´ 6 16 ×..............¥. 106. (b) Q given sequence an also AP with no difference.
æ1 2 3 4 ö Thus an -1 - an - 4 = 0
ç + + + ................¥ ø÷ .
= 6è 2 4 8 16
107. (c) Given log x y, log z x, log y z are in G.P..
1 2 3 4
Let S = + + + +........... ¥ . \ ( log z x ) 2 = (log x y ) (log y z )
2 4 8 16
2
1 1 2 3 æ log x ö æ log y öæ log z ö log z
S= + + + +........... ¥ . ç ÷ =ç ÷ç ÷=
2 4 8 16 è log z ø è log x øè log y ø log x
æ 1ö 1 (2 - 1) ( 3 - 2 ) ( 4 - 3) 3
çè 1 - ÷ø S = + + + + ...........¥ . æ log x ö
2 2 4 8 16 Þç ÷ =1
è log z ø
S 1 1 1 1
= + + + + ...........¥ . Þ log x = log z Þ x = z
2 2 4 8 16
Q xyz = 64
1
S 64
= 2 = 1. y=
2 1- 1 x2
2 Also given x3, y3 and z3 are in A.P.
S = 2 \ x = 62 = 36.
 EBD_7346
M-86 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

x3 + z 3 x 3 + x3 n
\ y3 = = 111. (b) Sn = (a + l )
2
2 2
5
y 3 = x3 Þ y = x Þ a + x + y+ z + b = ( a + b)
2
Þ x=y=z
5
x . y . z = 64 a + b + 15 = ( a + b)
x=y=z=4 2
Thus x, y, z are in A.P. and G.P. both. Þ a + b = 10 ...(1)
108. (c) Similarly xy, yz, zx are also in A.P. and G.P. both. 1 1 1 1 1 5 æ 1 1ö
109. (a) Three terms are & + + + + = ç + ÷
a p q r b 2 è a bø
log yz log zx log xy
æ yö æ zö æ xö 1 1 5 5 æ 1 1ö
G1 = ç ÷ G2 = ç ÷ G3 = ç ÷ + + = ç + ÷
è zø è xø è yø Þ
a b 3 2 è a bø
Geometric mean of three terms is
3(a + b) 10
Þ = . ...(2)
m = 3 G1G2 G3 ...(1) ab 3
log yz log zx log xy 3 ´ 10 10
æ yö æzö æxö Þ = .
\ G1G2 G3 = ç ÷ .ç ÷ .ç ÷ ab 3
èzø èxø èyø Þ ab = 9
y log y
.y logz
z log z
.z log x
x log x
.x log y 112. (b) On solving eq (1) & (2), we get
= ´ ´ (i) a = 1 & b = 9 Þ a + 4d = 9 Þ d = 2
z log y .z log z x log z .x log x y log x . y log y
(ii) a = 9 & b = 1 Þ a + 4d = 1 Þ d = –2.
log z
æzö
log x log y For a = 1 & d = 2,
æ yö æ xö
=ç ÷ .ç ÷ .ç ÷ x = 3, y = 5 & z = 7
èxø è yø èzø
For a = 9 & d = –2,
Taking log both sides
x =7, y =5 & z = 3
éæ y ölog z ù éæ z ölog x ù Þ xyz = 7 × 5 × 3 = 105
log G1G2 G3 = log êç ÷ ú + log êç ÷ ú
êëè x ø úû êëè y ø úû 113. (c) Since a, p, q, r, b or 1, p, q, r, 9 are in H.P.
1 2
éæ x ölog y ù Þ =9 Þ d =- .
+ log êç ÷ ú 1 + 4d 9
ëêè z ø ûú 1 2 7 9
= 1- = Þ p =
= log z log y - log z log x + log x log z p 9 9 7
- log x log y + log y log x - log y log z 1 7 2 5 9
= - = Þ q=
log G1G2 G3 = 0 q 9 9 9 5
G1G2G3 = e0 = 1 1 5 2 3 9
1 & = - = Þ r=
r 9 9 9 3
Hence m = 3 G1G2 G3 = (1) 3
243
m =1 Þ p×q×r =
35
110. (d) Let ‘a’ be the first term & ‘x’ be the common ratio. 114. (a) Let first term = a & common difference = x
Also, suppose 27, 8 & 12 be the pth, qth & rth term of \ a + 5x = 2 Þ a = 2 –5x.
the G.P.
Let P = T1 × T4 × T5
\ axp – 1 = 27
Þ P = a (a + 3x) (a + 4x)
axq – 1 = 8
Þ P = (2 – 5x) (2 – 5x + 3x) (2 – 5x + 4x)
& axr – 1 = 12
Þ P = –10x3 + 34x2 – 32x + 8.
Now, 27 × 82 = 123
Þ axp – 1 x (ax q – 1)2 = (ax r – 1)3 dp
= 0 Þ 15x2 – 34x + 16 = 0
Þ xp – 1 . x2q – 2 = x2r – 3 dx
Þ p – 1 + 2q – 2 = 3r – 3 Þ (5x – 8) (3x – 2) = 0
Þ p + 2q – 3r = 0 ...(1)
8 é 2 ù
There are infinitely many solutions for the eq. (1). Þ x=
5
, êëQ x = 3 < 1úû
Sequence and Series M-87

115. (b) Since, a = 2– 5x é 1æ 1 öù

ê ç 1- ÷ú
æ 8ö 1 10 10n ø ú
Þ a = 2 – 5 çè ø÷ = ên - è
5 3ê 1-
1 ú
ê 10 ú
Þ a = –6 ë û
116. (a) Here, a = 120° and d = 5.
Sum of angles of polygon = (n – 2) 180°
æ
ç Since, Sum of n terms of G.P =
a 1 - rn ( ) ùú
ç 1- r ú
ç
n è ûú
Þ [2a + ( n - 1) d ] = ( n - 2)180
2 é ù
1ê 10n –1 ú 1 é 1æ 1 öù
= n- = ên - ç1 - ÷ú
n
Þ [2 ´120 + ( n - 1)5] = ( n - 2)180
2
3 ê
ëê
9 10 n ú
( )
ûú
3ë 9 è 10n ø û
120. (d) Given, Sm = n and Sn = m
Þ n2 - 25n + 144 = 0 This is direct formula
Þ (n - 9)(n - 16) = 0 Sm + n = – (m + n)
121. (c) Let a, b be the roots of x2 + bx + c = 0
\ n = 9, 16 1 1
For n = 9, T9 = 120 + (9 – 1) 5 = 160 Given, a + b = 2 + 2
a b
For n = 16, T16 = 120 + (16 – 1) 5 = 195 [not possible] a + b = – b; a.b = c
117. (a) For n = 9 1 1
Largest angle = T9 = 120 + (9 – 1) 5 = 160 \ a+b = 2 + 2
a b
For n = 16
Largest angle = T16 = 120 + (16 – 1) 5 = 195 a2 b2 ( a + b )2 - 2ab
(Not possible). Þ a+b = + =
a2 b2 a 2b 2
æ xö
æ yö
ln ç ÷ 2 ln ç ÷ b2 - 2c
è zø ln ( xz ) è yø 4 ln y Þ -b =
118. (b) x .y .z =y c2
Þ – bc = b2 – 2c Þ 2c = b2 + bc2
2
é ln æ y ö ù é ln æ x ö ù
çè ÷ø é ln(xz)2 ù ê çè y ø÷ ú 2c 2 b
ê z ú
û = ln ëé y
4ln y ù
Þ ln ë x û + ln ë y û + ln ë z û Þ = b + c2 Þ = + c
b b c
We know, if a, b, c are in A.P. 2b = a + c.
é æ yö ù é æxö ù
Þ êln ç ÷ ln x ú + [ 2ln (xz)ln y ] + êln ç ÷ ln z ú = 4 [ ln y ]
2
2 b b 1
ë èzø û ë èyø û Similarly, we got = + c , which means , , c are
b c c b
in A.P.
Þ ln x [ ln y - ln z ] + 2 ln y [ln x + ln z ]
c 1
+ ln z [ ln x - ln y ] = 4 [ ln y ]
2
So, , b, are in H.P..
b c
Þ 3ln x + ln z = 4 ln y 122. (a) Let a, b be roots of ax2 + x + c = 0.
Given, a + b
l n x + l n x + l n x + ln z
Þ = ln y 1 1 a 2 + b2 ( a + b )2 - 2ab
4 = + = =
\ lny is the AM of lnx, lnx, lnx, lnx & lnz. a2 b2 a 2b 2 ( ab )2
119. (a) 0.3 + 0.33 + 0.333 + ...... n terms 2
æ -1 ö æcö
3 33 333 ç ÷ - 2ç ÷
= + + + ...... -1 è a ø èaø
10 100 1000 Þ =
a 2
æcö
æ 1 11 111 ö ç ÷
= 3ç + + + ...... ÷ èaø
è 10 100 1000 ø 1 2c
-
3 æ 9 99 999 ö -1 a 2 a
= ç + + + ...... ÷ Þ =
9 è 10 100 1000 ø a c2

1 éæ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö ù a2
= êç 1 - ÷ + ç 1 - ÷ + ç1 - ÷ + .......ú -1 1 - 2ac
3 ëè 10 ø è 100 ø è 1000 ø û Þ = Þ – c2 = a – 2a2c
a c2
1é æ 1 1 1 1 öù Þ 2a2c = a + c2
= ên - + + + ...... ÷ú
3 ë çè 10 102 103 10n ø û
So, a, a2c, c2 are in A.P.
 EBD_7346
M-88 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
2
123. (b) Given, Sn = n – 2n. 2 ( 2 - 1) Q 2Q
We know, Tn = Sn – Sn–1 S2 = ( 2 ) P + = 2P + = 2P + Q .
2 2
So, T5 = S5 – S4.
\ T1 = P; T2 = 2P + Q – P = P + Q
S5 = 52 – 2 (5) = 25 – 10 = 15 \ Common difference (d) = T2 – T1
S4 = 42 – 2 (4) = 16 – 8 = 8 = P + Q – P = Q.
So, T5 = 15 – 8 = 7. 1 1 1 1
124. (a) Sum of odd numbers = n 2 128. (a) upto infinite terms.
62 ´ 64 ´6 8 ´6 16 ´ ....
Two – digit odd numbers are from 11 – 99.
1 1 1 1
Number of odd numbers from 1 to 99 = 50 + + + +....¥ =6
Sum of odd numbers from 1 to 99 = 502 = 2500 = 6 2 4 8 16
Number of odd numbers from 1 + 9 = 5 a 1 1
Sum of ¥ terms of G.P. is S¥ = . Here a = , r =
Sum of odd numbers from 1 to 9 = 52 = 25 1- r 2 2
So, Sum of all two digit odd numbers 1 1
= 2500 – 25 = 2475. 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 3 7 15 + + + +....¥ 1-
125. (c) + + + + ..... \ 6 2 4 8 16 = =
6 2 = 61 = 6 .
62
2 4 8 16
129. (b) Given, a1 = a2 = a3 = ........ = a10 = 150
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= ç1 - ÷ + ç1 - ÷ + ç1 - ÷ + ç 1 - ÷ + ...... Also, a10, a11, a12, .... are in A.P. and d = –2
è 2 ø è 4 ø è 8 ø è 16 ø Since, a10 = 150, A.P. is 150, 148, 146, ....
æ1 1 1 1 ö For the first 10 minutes, he has counted 150 × 10 = 1500
= (1 + 1 + 1 + ....n ) - ç + + + + ..... ÷ notes.
è 2 4 8 16 ø
Time taken to count remaining 3000 notes
æ1 1 1 1 ö
=n -ç + + + + ..... ÷ n
è 2 2 2 23 2 4 ø Sn = é 2a + ( n - 1) d ùû
2ë
1æ 1 ö
1- n
2 çè 2n ÷ø Þ 3000 = é 2 ´ 148 + ( n - 1)( -2 )ùû
=n- æ 1 1ö
çQ G.P. a = , r = ÷ 2ë
1 2 2ø
1- è n
2 Þ 3000 = ´ 2 (148 - n + 1)
1æ 1ö 2
1- Þ 3000 = 148n – n2 + n
2 çè 2n ÷ø Þ n2 – 149n + 3000 = 0
= n-
1 Þ (n – 24) (n – 125)
2 Þ n = 24, or n = 125.
= n– 1 + 2– n Since he has taken 10 minutes to count 1500 notes, he
= 2– n + n – 1 will not take 125 min to count 3000 notes.
126. (a) 2 tan –1 y = tan –1 x + tan–1 z So, n = 24.
\ Total time = 10 + 24 = 34 minutes.
(\ tan–1x, tan–1 y, tan–1 z are in A.P)
130. (a) y = x + x2 + x3 + .... upto infinite terms.
and x, y, z are in G.P \ y2 = xz ...(i) x + x2 + x3 + .... is a G.P. with a = x and r = x.
2y x+z x
Þ = \y =
1- y 2 1 - xz 1- x
Þ y – xy = x
Þ x + xy = y
2y x+z Þ x(1 + y) = y
=
Þ 2 (from (i))
1- y 1 - y2 y
Þx= .
Þ 2y = x + z 1+ y
x, y, z are in A.P. 1 1 1
131. (a) log e + 2
+ + ....
Given x, y, z are also in G.P 3 log3 e log3 e 4
So, x = y = z 1 1 1
= + + + .... (Since, log bm = m log b)
n ( n - 1) Q log3 e 2 log3 e 4 log3 e a a
127. (d) Sn = np +
2
log e 3 log e 3 æ 1 ö
We know, T1 = S1 and T2 = S2 – S1 = log e 3 + + + .... çè Since, loga b = log a ÷ø
Common difference (d) = T2 – T1 2 4 b

1 (1 - 1) Q æ 1 1 ö
\ S1 = (1) P + =P+0 = P = loge 3 ç1 + + + ....÷
2 è 2 4 ø
Sequence and Series M-89

134. (a) x = 1 – y + y2 – y3 +
.... up to infinite terms.
æ ö We can see that the given series is geometric
ç 1 ÷ æ 1 1 1ö progression, with a = 1 and r = –y
= log e 3 ç
1÷ çèQ1, , .... is G.P. with a = 1, r = ÷ø
ç1- ÷ 2 4 2 a 1 1
è 2ø S¥ = =
1 - r 1 - ( - y) 1 + y
= loge 3(2) = 2loge 3 = loge 32 = loge 9.
1
x1 + x 2 \x = .
132. (c) Arithmetic mean of x1, x2 = 1+ y
2 135. (c) The numbers which divided by 3, leaving remainder 2
Geometric mean of x1, x2 = x1x 2 will be of the form 3x + 2
Given, 3x + 2 is 2-digit number
xl + x 2 So, x can be from 3 to 32
Given, - x1x 2 > 1
2 32

xl + x2 Sum of numbers = å (3x + 2)

Þ > x1x2 + 1 x =3
2 = 3(3 + 4 + 5 + .... + 32) + (2 + 2 + ....) ....(1)
Þ x1 + x 2 > 2 x1x 2 + 2 3, 4, 5 .... 32 is an A. P with a = 3, d = 1, T n = 32
\ Tn = a + (n – 1) 1
Þ x1 + x 2 - 2 x1x 2 > 2 32 = 3 + (n – 1) 1
Þ n – 1 = 29 Þ n = 30 terms
( x1 ) + ( )
2 2 \ (1) Þ 3(3 + 4 + 5 + .... + 32) + (2 + 2 + .... 30 times)
Þ x2 - 2 x1 x 2 > 2
æ 30 ö æ n ö
= 3 ç (3 + 32)÷ + (2 ´ 30) çQ Sn = ( a + l ) ÷
( ) è 2 ø
2 2
Þ x1 - x 2 >2 è ø
90
= (35) + 60
Þ x1 - x 2 > 2 2
= (45 × 35) + 60
Correct option (c). = 1575 + 60 = 1635
a+b 136. (c) Given, 3rd term of G.P. = 3
133. (c) A.M of two numbers a, b = Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘r’ be the common ratio.
2
\ ar2 = 3
G..M of two numbers a, b = ab . We know, T1 = a, T2 = ar, T3 = ar2, T4 = ar3, T5 = ar4
T1.T2.T3.T4.T5 = (a) (ar) (ar2) (ar3) (ar4)
A.M 5
Given, = = a5r10
G.M 3 = (ar2)5
= 35
æ a + bö
çè ÷ = 243
2 ø 5
Þ = 3
ab 3 137. (a) x, , z are in A.P
2
a+b 10 If a, b, c are in A.P 2b = a + c
Þ =
ab 3 æ 3ö
\ 2ç ÷ = x + z
è 2ø
a 2 + b2 + 2ab 100 Þ3=x+z ....(1)
Þ = (Squaring on both sides)
ab 9 x, 3, z are in G.P.
Þ 9a2 + 9b2 + 18ab = 100ab If a, b, c are in G.P. b2 = ac
Þ 9a2 – 82ab + 9b2 = 0 \ 32 = xz
Þ 9 = xz ....(2)
Þ 9a2 – 81ab – ab + 9b2 = 0
Þ 9a(a – 9b) –b(a – 9b) = 0 2 1 1
If x, 6, z are in H.P. = +
Þ (9a – b) (a – 9b) = 0 6 x z
Þ 9a – b = 0; a – 9b = 0 æ 2 1 1 ö
Þ b = 9a; a = 9b çèQ = + , if a, b, c are is H.P.ø÷
b a c
a 1 a 9 1 z+x 3 1
Þ = ; =
b 9 b 1
Þ
3
=
xz
= =
9 3
(from (1)( 2))
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 EBD_7346
M-90 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
138. (c) Sum of an infinite G.P. with first term x and common 143. (c) From question,
ratio r(< 1) is sin a, sin b and cos a are in H.P.
x 2 sin a cos a
s= then, sin b =
1- r sin a + cos a
From question s = 5 and sin a, sin q and cos a are in A.P.
x then, 2sin q = sin a + cos a
then, 5 =
1- r æ pö
x Statement 1: 2 sin ç a + ÷ .sin b
è 4ø
1– r=
5
2 sin a cos a
x = (sin a + cos a ) .
r = 1- sin a + cos a
5 = 2 sin a cos a = sin 2a
x
For, –1 < 1 - < 1 æ pö 1
5 Statement 2: cos ç a - ÷ = (sin a + cos a )
è 4ø 2
x
–2< - <0 2sin q
5 = 2 sin q
0 < x < 10 =
2
3 3 3 3 144. (b) (x1.x2 ........ xn)1/n = P
139. (c) The series is 0 - 1 + 2 - 3 + ....¥ (y1.y2 ........ yn)1/n = Q
3 3 3 3
This is a G.P. with first term a = 3 1/ n
æ x1 . x2 ............ xn ö ( x1 . x2 ............ xn )1/ n P
1 çè y . y ............ y ÷ø = =
and common ratio r = - 1 2 n ( y1. y2 ............ yn )1/ n Q
3
3 3´ 3 9 145. (d) Given series 25, –125, 625, –3125 ..... is geometric
\ Sum S = = =
æ ö1 3 +1 4 progression.
1- ç - ÷
è 3ø a = t1 = 25, t2 = –125
1 1 t 2 -125
140. (c) Tn = , Tm = r= = = -5
m n t1 25
1 nth term (tn) = arn–1 = (25) (–5)n–1
Þ 1st term =c.d. = = (5)2 (–1)n–1 (5)n–1 = (–1)n–1 (5)2+n–1
mn
= (–1)n–1 5n+1
1 mn - 1 146. (c) Given, numbers 1, 5, 25
Þ Tmn = + =1
mn mn Let pth term = 1 Þ a + (p – 1) d = 1 ...(1)
141. (c) Let the first term and common ratio of the G.P. is a and Let qth term = 5 Þ a + (q – 1) d = 5 ...(2)
r respectively. Let rth term = 25 Þ a + (r – 1) d = 25 ...(3)
a (3), (2) Þ r – q = 25 – 5 = 20
Then, ar = 2, =8 (2), (1) Þ q – p = 5 – 1 = 4
1- r
ar r - q 20
Þ =8 Þ 2 = 8r – 8r2 = = 5 which is an integer..
r-r 2 q- p 4
1 So, the given series forms an AP.
Þ 4r2 – 4r + 1 = 0 Þ r= Infinite AP’s are possible.
2
1 147. (c) Let the first term of AP = a
\ G.P. is 4, 2, 1,
, …. Let the common difference of AP = d
2
142. (c) From question, (p + q)th term = Tp+q = a + (p + q – 1) d
(p – q)th term = Tp–q = a + (p – q – 1) d
a-b Tp+q + Tp–q = a + (p + q – 1) d + a + (p – q – 1) d
a, b, c Î A.P. Þ a – b = b – c Þ =1
b-c = 2a + (p + q – 1 + p – q – 1) d
a b a-b = 2a + (2p – 2)d = 2 [a + (p – 1) d] = 2Tp
a, b, c Î G.P. Þ= =
b c b-c 148. (b) Given, sum of n terms (Sn) = n(n + 1)
2ac We know, Tn = Sn – Sn–1
a, b, c Î H.P. Þ b = Þ ab + bc = 2ac = [n (n + 1)] – [(n – 1) ( n – 1 + 1)]
a+c
Þ ab – ac = ac – bc = n (n + 1) – (n – 1) n
= n (n + 1 – n + 1)
a-b a = 2n
Þ =
b-c c \ Fourth term, T4 = 2(4) = 8
Complex Numbers M-91

Complex Numbers 4
1. If z1, z2 are any two complex numbers such that | z 1 + z2 | = 7. Let z be a non-zero complex number. Then, what is z –1
| z1 | + | z2 |, which one of the following is correct ? (multiplicative inverse of z) equal to ?
(a) z1 = az2 with a Î R (b) z1 ³ 0 or z2 ³ 0 z z
(c) z1 = az2 with a > 0 (d) | z1| = | z2 | [2006-I] (a) 2
(b)
|z| | z |2
a + ib
2. If a, b are real, what is equal to ?
b + ia z |z|
(c) (d) [2006-II]
|z| z
1
(a) 0 (b) 8. What is one of the values of i + –i ?
2
(c) 1 (d) 2 [2006-I] (a) 2 (b) 0
3. If z = 1 + i, then what is the inverse of z2 ?
(a) 2i (b) i 1+ i 1– i
(c) ± (d) ± [2007-I]
i i 2 2
(c) (d) - [2006-I] 9. What is the value of
2 2
4. The following question consist of two statements, one [–1 + i 3) / 2]10 + [–1 – i 3) / 2]10
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason
(R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully (a) 1 (b) –1
and select the answer. (c) 2 (d) 0 [2007-I]
10. If w denotes the cube root of unity, then what is the real root
Assertion (A) : If Z1 = 3 + - 4 , and Z2 = 3 + - 25 , Z 1 / of the equation x3– 27 = 0?
Z2 is a complex number. (a) 3w (b) 3w2
Reason (R) : If Z1, Z2 are complex numbers, then Z1/Z2 is (c) – 3w (d) 3w3 [2007-I]
always a complex number. 11. Let O be the origin and point A be represented by z. If OA is
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct rotated through an angle p/2 in the anticlockwise direction
explanation of A.
keeping the length of OA same, then what represents the
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the new point?
correct explanation of A.
(a) –iz (b) | z | i
(c) A is true but R is false.
(c) iz (d) z [2007-I]
(d) A is false but R is true. [2006-II]
3
5. Let z = i (1 + i) be a complex number. What is its argument? 12. If 1, w, w2 are the three cube roots of unity, then what
p
(a) p (b) (aw6 + bw4 + cw2 )
4 is equal to?
(b + cw10 + aw8 )
p 5p
(c) – (d) [2006-II]
4 4 a
(a) (b) b
6. Let z1 and z2 be two non-zero complex numbers such that b

1 1 (c) w w2
(d) [2007-II]
| z1 | = | z2 | = + =2
z1 z 2 13. What is the square root of the complex number – 5 + 12i ?
What is the value of | z1 + z2 | ? (a) 2 – 3i (b) 2 + 3i
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) – 2 + 3i (d) -5 + 12i [2007-II]
(c) 2 (d) 1 [2006-II]
 EBD_7346
M-92 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
23. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using
1+ i 3 [2008-II]
14. If a = , then what is the value of 1 + a8 + a16 + the code given below the lists
2
List I List II
a24 + a32?
A. A cube root of unity 1. –2(1 + i)
(a) 0 (b) 1
B. A square root of –1 2. 2i
(c) w (d) - w2 [2007-II] C. Cube of 1 – i 3. –i
15. A straight line is passing through the points represented by D. Square of 1 + i 4.
1
– 1+ i 3
2
( )
1
the complex numbers a + ib and , where (a, b) ¹
-a + ib
Code :
(0,0).
A B C D
Which one of the following is correct ?
(a) It passes through the origin (a) 4 1 3 2
(b) It is parallel to the x-axis (b) 2 1 3 4
(c) It is parallel to the y-axis (c) 4 3 1 2
(d) It passes through (0, b) [2008-I] (d) 2 3 1 4
16. Which one of the following is correct? If z and w are complex
numbers and w denotes the conjugate of w, then | z + w |
24. What is ( )( )
3 + i / 1 + 3i equal to ? [2009-I]

= | z – w | holds only, if [2008-I] (a) 1 + i (b) 1 – i

(a) z = 0 or w = 0 (b) z = 0 and w = 0 (c) 3 (1 – i ) / 2 (d) ( 3 –i /2 )
(c) z . w is purely real (d) z . w is purely imaginary 25. If 2x = 3 + 5i, then what is the value of 2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72?
[2009-I]
1 3 (a) 4 (b) –4
17. What is the square root of -i ?
2 2 (c) 8 (d) –8
29 29
æ 3 iö æ 3 iö æ –1 + –3 ö æ –1 – –3 ö
(a) ±ç + ÷ (b) ±ç - ÷ 26. Assertion (A) : çç ÷÷ + çç ÷÷ = –1
è 2 2ø è 2 2ø è 2 ø è 2 ø
Reason (R) : w = –1
2
[2009-I]
æ1 3ö æ1 3ö (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
(c) ±ç + i ÷ (d) ± ç - i ÷ [2008-I]
è2 2 ø è2 2 ø of A
18. Let C be the set of complex number and z1, z2 are in C. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
1. agr (z1) = agr (z2) Þ z1 = z2 of A
2. | z1 | = | z2 | Þ z1 = z2 (c) A is true but R is false
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (d) A is false but R is true
[2008-I] 27. If a is a complex number such that a2 + a + 1 = 0, then what
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only is a31 equal to? [2009-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) a (b) a2
19. What is arg (bi) where b > 0? (c) 0 (d) 1
p 1 + 2i
(a) 0 (b)
2 28. What is the modulus of equal to? [2009-II]
1 - (1 - i ) 2
3p (a) 5 (b) 4
(c) p (d)
2 (c) 3 (d) 1
20. If w is a complex non-real cube root of unity, then w satisfies
( )
4n + 3
( ),
9
which one of the following equations? [2008-I] 29. What is the value of - -1 + i41 + i -257
(a) x2 – x + 1= 0 (b) x2 + x + 1= 0
(c) x2 + x – 1= 0 (d) x2 – x – 1= 0 where n ÎN ? [2009-II]
21. For a positive integer n, what is the value of i4n+1? (a) 0 (b) 1
[2008-II] (c) i (d) –i
(a) 1 (b) –1 30. If w is the cube root of unity, then what is the conjugate of
(c) i (d) –i 2w2 + 3i? [2009-II]
22. If w is a complex cube root of unity, then what is the value (a) 2w – 3i (b) 3w + 2i
1 1 (c) 2w + 3i (d) 3w – 2i
of 1 – – ? [2008-II] 31. If z is a complex number such that z + z–1 = 1, then what is
(1 + w) (1 + w2 ) the value of z99 + z–99 ? [2009-II]
(a) 1 (b) 0 (a) 1 (b) –1
(c) w (d) w2 (c) 2 (d) –2
Complex Numbers M-93

200 200 p p
æ i+ 3 ö æi- 3ö 42. If z = 1 + cos + i sin ,then what is z equal to ?
32. What is the value of çç ÷÷ + çç ÷÷ +1? 5 5
è -i + 3 ø èi+ 3ø
(a) –1 (b) 0 [2010-I] p p
(a) 2 cos (b) 2sin [2011-I]
(c) 1 (d) 2 5 5
33. If w is a complex cube root of unity and x = w2 – w – 2, then
p p
what is the value of x2 + 4x + 7? [2010-I] (c) 2 cos (d) 2sin
(a) – 2 (b) – 1 10 10
(c) 0 (d) 1 1 1
43. What is modulus of - ? [2011-I]
1 + x + iy 1 + 3i 1 - 3i
34. If x2 + y2 = 1, then what is equal to? [2010-I]
1 + x – iy
3 9
(a) x – iy (b) x + iy (a) (b)
5 25
(c) 2x (d) – 2iy
3 5
1 + 2i (c) (d)
? 25 3
35. What is the modulus of [2010-I]
1 - (1 - i )
2
44. If w is the imaginary cube root of unity, then what is
(2 – w + 2w2)27 equal to? [2011-I]
(a) 1 (b) 5 27 27 2
(a) 3 w (b) – 3 w
(c) 3 (d) 5 (c) 327 (d) – 327
æ 1+ i ö
n
45. What is the value of (1 + i)5 + (1 – i)5 where i = -1 ?
36. What is the least positive integer n for which ç ÷ =1?
è 1- i ø [2011-II]
(a) 16 (b) 12 [2010-I] (a) – 8 (b) 8
(c) 8 (d) 4 (c) 8i (d) – 8i
46. What are the square roots of – 2i ? [2011-II]
2
æ 1 + 2i ö
37. What is the conjugate of ç
è 2+i ø
÷ ? [2010-II] (i = -1 )
7 24 7 24 (a) ± (1 + i ) (b) ± (1 - i )
(a) +i (b) - -i
25 25 25 25 (c) ±i (d) ±1
7 24 7 24 3p
(c) - +i (d) -i 47. If z = 1 + i tan a where p < a < , then what is | z | equal to?
25 25 25 25 2
6 [2011-II]
æ 3 +iö (a) sec a (b) – sec a
38. What is çç ÷÷ equal to ? [2010-II]
è 3 -iø (c) sec2 a (d) – sec2 a
(a) – 1 (b) 0 n
1- i ö
(c) 1 (d) 2 48. The smallest positive integral value of n for which æç ÷ is
39. If w is a complex cube root of unity, then what is w10 + w–10 è1+ i ø
equal to ? [2010-II] purely imaginary with positive imaginary part is
(a) 2 (b) –1 [2011-II]
(c) – 2 (d) 1 (a) 1 (b) 3
48 (c) 4 (d) 5
40. (
What is the value of -1 + i 3 ) ? [2010-II]
49. If a and b are the complex cube roots of unity, then what is
(a) 1 (b) 2 the value of (1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + a2) (1 + b2)? [2011-II]
(c) 224 (d) 248. (a) – 1 (b) 0
41. What is the value of (c) 1 (d) 4
50. If p, q, r are positive integers and w is the cube root of unity
1 + i 2 + i 4 + i 6 + ..... + i100 ,
and f(x) = x3p + x3q+1 + x3r+2, then what is f(w) equal to?
where i = - 1 ? [2010-II] [2011-II]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) w (b) – w2
(c) – 1 (d) None of these (c) – w (d) 0
 EBD_7346
M-94 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

1 + 2i 2 - i 60. What is one of the square roots of 3 + 4i, where i = -1 ?

51. If z = - , then what is the value of z 2 + z z ? [2013-II]
2 - i 1 + 2i
(a) 2 + i (b) 2 – i
(i = -1 ) [2011-II] (c) –2 + i (d) –3 – i
61. If P and Q are two complex numbers, then the modulus of the
(a) 0 (b) – 1
quotient of P and Q is : [2014-I]
(c) 1 (d) 8
(a) Greater than the quotient of their moduli
52. What is the argument of (1 – sinq) + i cosq ? [2011-II]
(b) Less than the quotient of their moduli
(i = -1 ) (c) Less than or equal to the quotient of their moduli
(d) Equal to the quotient of their moduli
p q p q 62. Let z = x + iy Where x, y are real variables i = -1 . If
(a) - (b) +
2 2 2 2
2 z - 1 = z - 2 , then the point z describes : [2014-I]
p q p q (a) A circle (b) An ellipse
(c) - (d) +
4 2 4 2 (c) A hyperbola (d) A parabola
4 + 2i 63. If z + z = z - z , then the locus of z is: [2014-I]
53. If A + iB = where i = -1 then what is the value of A?
1 - 2i (a) A pair of straight lines
(a) –8 (b) 0 [2012-I] (b) A line
(c) 4 (d) 8 (c) A set of four straight lines
(d) A circle
54. If z = -z , then which one of the following is correct?
64. What is the argument of the complex number
(a) real part of z is zero. [2012-I]
(b) The imaginary part of z is zero. (1 + i )(2 + i )
where i = -1 ? [2014-I]
(c) The real part of z is equal to imaginary 3-i
(d) The sum of real and imaginary parts of z is z.
p
55. Consider the following statements : [2012-II] (a) 0 (b)
1. (w10 + 1)7 + w = 0 4
2. (w105 + 1)10 = p10 for some prime number p p p
where w ¹ 1 is a cube root of unity. (c) - (d)
4 2
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only 5p
65. Let z be a complex number such that z = 4 and arg z = .
(b) 2 only 6
(c) Both 1 and 2
Where i = –1 . What is z equal to ? [2014-II]
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
13
(a) 2 3 + 2i (b) 2 3 - 2i
56. The value of the sum å (i n
+i n +1
) where i = -1 is: (c) - 2 3 + 2i (d) - 3 + i
n =1
(a) i (b) –i [2012-II] (1 + i ) 4 n + 5
66. What is equal to, where n is a natural number
(c) 0 (d) i – 1 (1 - i ) 4 n + 3
2 +i and i = -1 ? [2014-II]
57. What is the modulus of where i = -1 ? [2012-II]
2 -i (a) 2 (b) 2i
(a) 3 (b) 1/2 (c) –2 (d) i
(c) 1 (d) None of the above -2 (1 + 2i )
58. What is 67. If z = where i = -1, then argument
-i where i = -1 equal to? [2013-I] 3+ i
1- i 1+ i q ( -p < q £ p ) of z is [2015-I]
(a) ± (b) ±
2 2
3p p
1- i 1+ i (a) (b)
(c) ± (d) ± 4 4
2 2
5p 3p
59. What is the argument of the complex number (–1 –i) where (c) (d) -
6 4
i = -1 ? [2013-I]
68. If 1, w , w2 are the cube roots of unity, then the value
5p 5p
(a) (b) - of (1 + w)(1 + w2 )(1 + w4 )(1 + w8 ) is [2015-I]
4 4
(a) –1 (b) 0
3p (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) (d) None of the above
4
Complex Numbers M-95

69. What is the square root of i, where i = - 1? [2015-I] p

(a) p (b)
1+ i 1-i 2
(a) (b)
2 2 p p
(c) (d)
1+ i 3 4
(c) (d) None of these DIRECTIONS (Qs. 78-79) : For the next two (2) items
2
70. (x3 – 1) can be factorised as [2015-I] that follow.
(a) (x – 1) (x – w ) (x + w2 ) Let z1, z2 and z3 be non-zero complex numbers satisfying z 2 = iz,
where i = -1. [2016-I]
(b) (x – 1) (x – w ) (x – w2 )
78. What is z1 + z2 + z3 equal to?
(c) (x – 1) (x + w ) (x + w2 ) (a) i (b) –i
(c) 0 (d) 1
(d) (x – 1) (x + w ) (x – w2 ) 79. Consider the following statements:
where w is one of the cube roots of unity.. 1. z1z2z3 is purely imaginary.
71. What is [2015-I] 2. z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 is purely real.
3 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
é p æ pöù (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
ê sin 6 + i çè1 - cos 6 ÷ø ú
ê ú (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
ê sin p - i æ1 - cos p ö ú DIRECTIONS (Qs. 80-81) : For the next two (2) items
êë ç ÷
6 è 6 ø úû that follow:
where i = -1, equal to? Let z be a complex number satisfying [2016-I]
(a) 1 (b) –1 z-4 z 3
= 1 and =
(c) i (d) –i z -8 z-2 2
72. What is the real part of (sin x + i cos x)3 where i = -1? 80. What is |z| equal to?
[2015-I] (a) 6 (b) 12
(a) –cos 3x (b) –sin 3x (c) 18 (d) 36
(c) sin 3x (d) cos 3x z-6
73. If z1 and z2 are complex numbers with |z1| = |z2|, then which of 81. What is equal to?
z+6
the following is/are correct? [2015-II] (a) 3 (b) 2
1. z1 = z2 (c) 1 (d) 0
2. Real part of z1 = Real part of z 2
3. Imaginary part of z1 = Imaginary part of z2 82. Suppose w1 and w2 are two distinct cube roots of unity
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only different from 1. Then what is (w1 - w2 )2 equal to? [2016-I]
(c) 3 only (d) None (a) 3 (b) 1
74. If the point z1 = 1 + i where i = -1 is the reflection of a point (c) –1 (d) –3
83. What is w100 + w200 + w300 equal to, where w is the cube
z2 = x + iy in the line iz – iz = 5, then the point z2 is
root of unity? [2016-II]
[2015-II]
(a) 1 + 4i (b) 4 + i (a) 1 (b) 3 w
(c) 1 – i (d) –1 – i (c) 3 w2 (d) 0
75. z z + (3 - i)z + (3 + i)z + 1 = 0 represents a circle with æ z –1 ö
84. If Re ç ÷ = 0, where z = x + iy is a complex number, then
(a) centre (–3, –1) and radius 3 [2015-II] è z +1 ø
(b) centre (–3, 1) and radius 3
which one of the following is correct? [2016-II]
(c) centre (–3, –1) and radius 4
(d) centre (–3, 1) and radius 4 (a) z = 1+ i (b) z = 2
76. Suppose w is a cube root of unity with w¹1. Suppose P (c) z = 1 – i (d) z = 1
and Q are the points on the complex plane defined by w and
107 107
w2 . If O is the origin, then what is the angle between OP æ ö æ ö
85. If z = ç 3 + i ÷ +ç 3 – i ÷ , then what is the
and OQ? [2016-I] ç 2 2÷ ç 2 2÷
è ø è ø
(a) 60° (b) 90°
(c) 120° (d) 150° imaginary part of z equal to? [2016-II]
-25
æ 1 i ö 1
77. If z = x + iy = ç - ÷ , where i = -1, then what is (a) 0 (b)
2
è 2 2ø
z- 2 3
the fundamental amplitude of ? [2016-I] (c) (d) 1
z-i 2 2
 EBD_7346
M-96 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
86. What is the number of distinct solutions of the equation
p p
z2 + |z| = 0(where z is a complex number)? [2016-II] (a) (b) -
(a) One (b) Two 4 4
(c) Three (d) Five
3p 3p
2 (c) - (d)
87. What is 1+w equal to, where w is the cube root of unity?
4 4
1+w 97. Let a and b be real numbers and z be a complex number.
[2016-II] If z2 + az + b = 0 has two distinct non-real roots with
(a) 1 (b) w Re(z) = 1, then it is necessary that [2018-I]
(c) w2 (d) iw, where i = -1 (a) b Î (–1, 0) (b) |b| = 1
88. The value of i2n + i2n + 1 + i2n + 2 + i2n + 3, where i (c) b Î (1, ¥) (d) b Î (0, 1)
98. The number of non-zero integral solutions of the equation
= -1 , is [2017-I]
|1 – 2i|x = 5x is [2018-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) Zero (No solution) (b) One
(c) i (d) –i (c) Two (d) Three
89. The value of [2017-I] 99. If a and b are different complex numbers with |a| = 1, then
n
æ -1 + i 3 ö æ -1 - i 3 ö
n a -b
çç ÷÷ + çç ÷÷ what is equal to? [2018-I]
1 - ab
è 2 ø è 2 ø
(a) |b| (b) 2
where n is not a multiple of 3 and i = -1 , is (c) 1 (d) 0
(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) i (d) –i 100. What is i1000 + i 1001 + i 1002 + i 1003 equal to (where
90. The modulus and principal argument of the complex number
i = -1 )? [2018-I]
1 + 2i
are respectively [2017-I] (a) 0 (b) i
1 - (1 - i )
2
(c) –i (d) 1
(a) 1, 0 (b) 1, 1 101. The modulus-amplitude form of 3 + i, where i = -1 is
(c) 2, 0 (d) 2, 1
91. If | z + 5| £ 3, then the maximum value of | z + 1| is [2017-I] [2018-I]
(a) 0 (b) 4 p pö p pö
æ æ
(c) 6 (d) 10 (a) 2 ç cos + i sin ÷ (b) 2 çè cos + i sin ÷ø
è 3 3ø 6 6
92. The number of roots of the equation z2 = 2z is [2017-I]
(a) 2 (b) 3
æ p pö æ p pö
(c) 4 (d) zero (c) 4 ç cos + i sin ÷ (d) 4 çè cos + i sin ÷ø
è 3 3ø 6 6
é4i - 6 10i ù 1
93. If A = ê ú and k = where i = -1, then 102. What is the value of the sum [2018-I]
ë 14i 6 + 4i û 2i '
11
å (in + in +1 ) , where i =
kA is equal to [2017-II]
-1 ?
é 2 + 3i 5 ù é 2 - 3i 5 ù n=2
(a) ê 7 2 - 3i ú (b) ê 7 2 + 3i ú
ë û ë û (a) i (b) 2i
(c) –2i (d) 1 + i
é 2 - 3i 7 ù é 2 + 3i 5 ù
(c) ê 5 2 + 3i ú (d) ê ú
ë û ë 7 2 + 3i û æ -1 + i 3 ö
3n
æ -1 + i 3 ö
3n
103. What is the value of ç ÷ +ç ÷ where
n è 2 ø è 2 ø
æ 1+ i ö
94. The smallest positive integer n for which ç = 1 , is
è 1 - i ÷ø
i = -1 ? [2018-II]
[2017-II]
(a) 1 (b) 4 (a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 8 (d) 16 (c) 1 (d) 0
2 104. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the cube
95. Geometrically Re (z – i) = 2, where i = -1 and Re is the
roots of unity? [2018-II]
real part, represents. [2017-II]
(a) They are collinear
(a) circle (b) ellipse
(c) rectangular hyperbola (d) parabola (b) They lie on a circle of radius 3
96. What is the principal argument of (–1 – i), where i = -1 ? (c) They form an equilateral triangle
[2018-I] (d) None of the above
Complex Numbers M-97
2
2 2
105. If A = {x Î Z : x – 1 = 0} and B = {x Î Z : x + x + 1 = 0}, where (a) –1, w (b) 1, w
Z is set of complex numbers, then what is A Ç B equal to ? (c) –1, w2 (d) w, w2
[2019-I] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 108-109): Consider the following for the
next 02 (two) items:
ìï -1 + 3 i -1 - 3 i üï
(a) Null set (b) í , ý 1 + 2i
îï 2 2 ïþ A complex number is given by z =
1 - (1 - i ) 2
ìï -1 + 3 i -1 - 3 i üï ìï1 + 3i 1 - 3 i üï 108. What is the modulus of z? [2019-I]
(c) í , ý (d) í , ý
îï 4 4 þï îï 2 2 þï (a) 4 (b) 2

é x -3i 1 ù 1
(c) 1 (d)
ê i úú = 6 + 11i, then what are the values of x and 2
106. If ê y 1
109. What is the principal argument of z? [2019-I]
êë 0 2i -i úû
p
y respectively ? [2019-I] (a) 0 (b)
4
(a) –3, 4 (b) 3, 4
(c) 3, – 4 (d) –3, – 4 p
107. The common roots of the equations z3 + 2z2 + 2z + 1 = 0 and (c) (d) p
2
z2017 +z2018 + 1 = 0 are [2019-I]

ANSWER KEY
1 (a) 12 (c) 23 (c) 34 (b) 45 (a) 56 (d) 67 (d) 78 (c) 89 (b) 100 (a)
2 (c) 13 (b) 24 (d) 35 (a) 46 (b) 57 (c) 68 (c) 79 (c) 90 (a) 101 (b)
3 (d) 14 (d) 25 (a) 36 (d) 47 (b) 58 (a) 69 (c) 80 (a) 91 (c) 102 (c)
4 (a) 15 (a) 26 (c) 37 (d) 48 (b) 59 (a) 70 (b) 81 (d) 92 (c) 103 (b)
5 (c) 16 (a) 27 (a) 38 (c) 49 (c) 60 (a) 71 (c) 82 (d) 93 (a) 104 (c)
6 (a) 17 (a) 28 (d) 39 (b) 50 (d) 61 (d) 72 (b) 83 (d) 94 (b) 105 (b)
7 (a) 18 (d) 29 (c) 40 (d) 51 (a) 62 (a) 73 (d) 84 (d) 95 (c) 106 (a)
8 (a) 19 (b) 30 (a) 41 (b) 52 (d) 63 (a) 74 (a) 85 (a) 96 (c) 107 (b)
9 (b) 20 (b) 31 (d) 42 (c) 53 (b) 64 (d) 75 (a) 86 (c) 97 (c) 108 (c)
10 (d) 21 (c) 32 (b) 43 (a) 54 (a) 65 (d) 76 (c) 87 (b) 98 (a) 109 (a)
11 (c) 22 (b) 33 (c) 44 (d) 55 (b) 66 (a) 77 (a) 88 (a) 99 (c)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (a) Let z1 = r1(cos q + i sin q) or, 2r1 r2 cos(q – f) = 2r 1 r2
where = Argument of z1 or q = Arg(z1) or, cos(q – f) = 1
| z1| = r1 and z2 = r2 (cos f + i sin f) q – f= 0 Þ q = f
where f = Arg(z2) | z2 | = r 2 Arg (z1) = Arg (z2) so, z1 = a z2
z1 + z2 = r1 (cos q + i sin q) + r2(cos f + i sin f) where a Î R
= (r 1 cos q + r2 cos f) + i (r1 sin q + r2 sin f) 2. (c) Let z1 = a + ib and z2 = b + ia
z1 z1
| z1 + z2 | = (r1 cos q + r2 cos f) 2 + (r1 sin q + r2 sin f) 2 Since, z = z
2 2

r12 cos 2 q + r22 cos 2 f + 2r1r2 cos q cos f

a + ib a + ib a 2 + b2
=
+ r12 sin 2 q + r22 sin 2 f + 2r1r2 sin q sin f \ b + ia = b + ia = =1
a 2 + b2

= r12 + r22 + 2r1r2 (cos q cos f + sin q sin f) 3. (d) Given that z = 1 + i
Þ z2 = (1 + i)2 = 1 + i2 + 2i = 1 – 1 + 2i = 2i
As given : | z1 + z2 | = | z1| + | z2 |
1 i2
So, r12 + r22 + 2r1r2 cos(q - f) = r1 + r2 Inverse of z2 = = – [Since i2 = – 1; – i2 = 1]
2i 2i
Squaring both the sides
i
r12+ r22 + 2r 1 r2 cos(q – f) = (r 1 + r2)2 =-
= r12 + r22 + 2r 1 r2 2
 EBD_7346
M-98 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

z1 3 + 4i (3 + 4i)(3 - 5i) 9 - 3i + 20 29 - 3i = w10 + w20 = w3 × 3 + 1+ w3 × 6 + 2

4. (a) = = = = = w3 w3 w + w3 w6 w2 = w + w2 (since w3 = 1)
z 2 3 + 5i 32 - 52 9 - 25 -16 2
and w + w = – 1 (1+ w + w2 = 0)
which is complex number. Both A and R are individually 3
10. (d) The given equation is x – 27 = 0
true and R is correct explanation of A.
5. (c) The complex number is z = i 3 (1 + i) = –i (1 + i) Þ x3 – 33 = 0 Þ x = 3, 3w, 3w2
= – i – i2 Thus, real root of given equation is 3w3, since w3 = 1
Þ z =1–i 11. (c) Let z = cos q + i sin q
æ -1 ö p p
This gives, arg (z) = tan –1 ç ÷ = tan –1 (–1) = - Now, on rotating through an angle , z becomes
è 1 ø 4 2

1 1 æp ö æp ö
6. (a) As given | z1 |=| z 2 |= + =2 Z = cos ç + q ÷ + i sin ç + q ÷
z1 z 2 è 2 ø è 2 ø
= – sin q + i cos q = i2 sin q + i cos q
1 1 z + z1 = i (cos q + i sin q) = i z
+ = 2Þ 2 =2
z1 z 2 z1z 2 12. (c) 1, w and w2 are the three cube roots of unity.
Þ 1 + w + w2 = 0 and w3 = 1.
| z1 + z 2 | The given expression
Þ =2
| z1 | | z 2 |
aw 6 + bw 4 + cw 2 a + bw + cw 2
=
Þ | z1 + z 2 |= 2 | z1 || z 2 | b + cw10 + aw8 b + cw + aw2
Þ | z1 + z 2 |= 2.2.2 [w6 = 1, w4 = w]
Þ |z1 + z2| = 8
7. (a) Let z be a non-zero complex number, such that w (a + bw + cw 2 )
= [Multiplying Nr and Dr by w.]
z = x + iy where x, y Î R w (b + cw + aw 2 )
1
Then z –1 = w (a + bw + cw 2 ) w (a + bw + cw 2 )
x +iy = = =w
(aw 3 + bw + cw 2 ) (a + bw + cw 2 )
x - iy x - iy z
So, z –1 = = = 13. (b) Let -5 + 12i = x + iy
(x + iy) (x - iy) x 2 + y 2 | z |2
Þ (x + iy)2 = – 5 +12 i
8. (a) 2i 1 + 2i - 1 Þ x2 – y2 + i2xy = – 5 + 12i
i= =
2 2 Þ x2 – y2 = – 5 and 2xy = 12 Þ xy = 6
(x2 – y2)2 + 4x2y2 = (x2 + y2)2
1 + 2i + i 2 (1 + i) 2 1+ i Þ (– 5)2 + 4 × (6)2 = (x2 + y2 )2
= = =
2 2 2 Þ (x2 + y2)2 = 25 +144 = 169
Þ x2 + y2 = ± 13 and x2 – y2 = – 5
2i
-i = - Adding both 2x2 = ± 13 – 5 = 8 or – 18
2 Þ x2 = 4 (–ve discarded)
1 - 2i - 1 1 - 2i + i 2 (1 - i) 2 (1 - i ) Þ x = ± 2 and y2 = ± 13 – 4 = 9 or – 13
= = = = Discard y2 = – 13, y2 = 9
2 2 2 2
Þ y=± 3
So, value of i + -i Þ x + iy = ± (2 + 3i)
(1 + i ) + (1 - i ) 2 Þ -5 + 12i = (2 + 3i)
= = = 2
2 2
-1 + i 3 -1 - i 3
14. (d) and
-1+ i 3 2 2
9. (b) We know that = w,
2 are complex cube roots of unity w and w2
-1 - i 3 1+ i 3
so, = w2 a= = -w 2
2 2
10 10 \ 1 + a8 + a16 + a24 +a32
é -1 + i 3 ù é -1- i 3 ù = 1 + w16 + w32 + w48 + w64
\ ê ú +ê ú
ëê 2 úû ëê 2 úû =1 + w + w2 + 1 + w = 0 + 1 + w = – w2
Complex Numbers M-99

1 21. (c) i4n+1 = (i4)n × i = (1)n × i = 1 × i = i

15. (a) Complex numbers are : (a + ib) and
–a + ib 1 1 1 1
Second number is rationalized as, 22. (b) 1 - (1 + w ) - 2
= 1-
2
-
-w
(1 + w ) -w
–a – ib –a – ib
=
(–a + ib)(–a – ib) a 2 + b2 w2 + 1 + w 0
= 2
= =0
These two complex numbers represent two points, w w2
æ –a –b ö
(a, b) and ç 2 ,
è a + b 2 a 2 + b 2 ÷ø 23. (c) 1
A cube root of unity – (1 + i 3)
Eq. of line passing through these point is 2
A square root of –1 –i
b
– -b Cube of 1 – i –2 (1 + i)
(y – b) = a 2 + b2 ( x – a)
–a Square of 1 + i 2i
2 2
–a
a +b
b 3+i ( 3 + i)(1 - 3i)
Þ y–b= (x – a) Þ ay – ab = bx – ab 24. (d) =
a 1 + 3i (1 + 3i)(1 - 3i)
b
Þy= x 3 - 3i + i + 3 2 3 - 2i ( 3 - i )
a = = =
So, line passes through the origin. 1+ 3 4 2
16. (a) Given that, | z + w |=| z – w | Þ either z or, w is zero. 25. (a) Given 2x = 3 + 5i
3 + 5i
1 i 3 Þ x=
17. (a) Let – = x – iy 2
2 2
Squaring both the sides, 27 + 125i 3 + 225i 2 + 135i
Consider x3 =
1 i 3 1 i 3 8
Þ – = (x – iy)2 Þ – = x 2 – y 2 – 2ixy
2 2 2 2
Comparing real and imaginary parts, we get 27 - 125i - 225 + 135i æQ i 2 = -1ö
= ç ÷
1 8 è i 3 = -i ø
x 2 – y2 = ...(1)
2
-198 + 10i -99 + 5i
= =
3 8 4
and 2xy = ...(2)
2
9 + 25i 2 + 30i
1 3 and x 2 =
and (x 2 + y2 )2 = (x 2 – y2 )2 + 4x 2 y 2 = + = 1 4
4 4
Þ x 2 + y2 = 1 .... (3) 9 - 25 + 30i -8 + 15i
= =
On solving eqs. (1) and (3) we get 4 2
Now, Consider 2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72
3 1
x2 = 2
and y =
4 4 æ -99 + 5i ö 7(3 + 5i )
=ç ÷ + ( -8 + 15i ) - + 72
è 2 ø 2
3 1
Þx=± ,y = ±
2 2 99 5i 21 35
=- + - 8 + 15i - - i + 72
2 2 2 2
1 i 3 æ 3 iö
\ – = ± çç + ÷÷
2 2 è 2 2ø æ 99 21 ö æ5 35 ö
= ç - - 8 - + 72÷ + ç + 15 - ÷ i
è 2 2 ø è 2 2ø
18. (d) Both statements are not correct.
æbö p -99 - 16 - 21 + 144 8
19. (b) arg (bi) tan–1 ç ÷ = tan–1( ¥ ) = (Q b > 0 ) = = =4
è0ø 2 2 2
20. (b) If w is cube root of unity then w2 + w + 1 = 0
So, w satisfies the equaion x2 + x + 1 = 0
 EBD_7346
M-100 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
29 29 32. (b) Consider,
é -1 + -3 ù é -1 - -3 ù
26. (c) (A) Consider ê ú +ê ú
ë û ë û
(i + 3 ) ( By Rationalizing )
2
2 2
i+ 3
=
3 ( 3 - i )( 3 + i )
29 29
é -1 + 3i ù é -1 - 3i ù -i +
=ê ú +ê ú
ë 2 û ë 2 û
= (w)29 + (w2)29 = w27·w2 + (w3)19·w i 2 + 3 + 2 3i
= (w3)9 w2 + (w3)19·w =
3 +1
(
using ( a - b )( a + b ) = a 2 - b 2 )
= 1.w2 + 1.w (Q w3 = 1)
2
= w + w = –1 -1 + 3 + 2 3i 1 + 3i
(R) w2 ¹ –1 = =
4 2
A is true but R is false.
27. (a) Since, a is a complex root therefore -(-1 - 3i)
a2 + a + 1 = 0 Þ a = w or w2 = = –w2 (Q i2 = –1)
2
consider a 31 = (w)31
and consider
= (w3)10. w

(i - 3 )
2
=w (Q w 3 = 1) i- 3
=a = ( By Rationalizing )
3 i - ( 3)
2
i+ 2

1 + 2i
28. (d) Let z =
1– (1 – i )2
i 2 + 3 - 2i 3 2 - 2i 3
|1 + 2i | |1 + 2i | |1 + 2i |
=
-4
=
-4
(Q i 2 = -1)
Þ | z |= = 2 = =1
|1 – (1 – i ) |2 |1 –1 – i + 2i | |1 + 2i |
-1 + i 3
= =w
29. (c) Consider (– –1)4 n + 3 + (i 41 + i –257 )9 2
9
= (–i)4n+ 3 + é(i 4 )10 .i1 + (i3 ) –85 .i –2 ù
200 200
æ i+ 3 ö æi- 3ö
ë û \ çç ÷÷ + çç ÷÷ +1
9 è -i + 3 ø èi+ 3ø
é 1 1ù 9
. ú = (–i)4n+ 3 + æç i + ö÷
4n + 3 1
= (–i ) + êi +
( )
200
3 85 2
êë (i ) i úû è iø = -w2 + w200 + 1
= – (– 1) 4n + 3 4n 3 9
(i) (i) + (i – i) = – (1) (– i) + 0 = i
30. 2
(a) Let z = 2w + 3i = w400 + w200 + 1 = w3´133+1 + w3´66 + 2 + 1
Since, w is the cube root of unity
= ( w3 ) w + ( w3 ) w2 + 1
133 66

–1 + 3i –1 – 3i
\w=
2
2
and w2 =
2 = w + w2 + 1 (Q w3 = 1)
\ z = 2w + 3i
=0
é –1– 3i ù 33. (c) Given x = w2 – w – 2
= 2 ê 2 ú + 3i
ë û Þ x + 2 = w2 - w
= –1– 3i + 3i = –1 + (3 – 3)i On squaring both sides, we get

( x + 2) = ( w2 - w )
2 2
æ -1 + 3i ö
z = –1 – (3 – 3)i = –1 + 3i – 3i = 2 ç ÷ - 3i
è 2 ø
Þ x 2 + 4 x + 4 = w4 + w2 - 2 w3
= 2w –3i
Add 3 on both side
1
Given, z + z–1 = 1 Þ z +
( )
31. (d) =1
z Þ x 2 + 4 x + 4 + 3 = w + w2 - 2 + 3 Q w3 = 1
Þ z2 – z + 1 = 0 Þ z = – w and – w2
when z = – w Þ x 2 + 4 x + 7 = 1 + w + w2
\ z99 + z–99 = (– w)99 + (– w)–99 = – 1– 1 = – 2
when z = – w2 Þ x 2 + 4 x + 7 = 0 (Q 1 + w + w2 = 0 )
\ z99 + z–99 = (– w2)99 + (– w2)–99
= – 1– 1 = – 2
Complex Numbers M-101

1+ x + iy (1 + x + iy )(1 + x + iy ) 2 + 2 3i 1 + 3i
34. (b) Consider = = = = -w2 (Q i2 = –1)
1 + x - iy (1 + x - iy )(1 + x + iy ) 4 2
(By Rationalizing) 6
æ 3+iö 2 6 12
(1 + x ) 2
+ iy (1 + x ) + iy (1 + x ) - y 2 Now, çç ÷÷ = (-w ) = w = 1 (Q w3 = 1)
=
1 + x2 + 2 x + y 2
(Q i2 = -1) è 3 -i ø

1
1 + x 2 + 2 x - y 2 + 2iy (1 + x ) 39. (b) Consider w10 + w–10 = w10 +
=
2 (1 + x )
(Q x 2
+ y = 1)
2
w10
1 1
1 - y 2 + 2 x + x 2 + 2iy (1 + x ) = ( w 3 ) 3 .w + = w+ = -1
=
2 (1 + x ) (w )3 3
.w
w

2 x 2 + 2 x + 2iy (1 + x ) 1+ i 3
= = x + iy (Q1 – y2 = x2) 40. (d) We know, w = and
2 (1 + x ) 2

1 + 2i 1 + 2i 1 + 2i 1-i 3
35. (a) Consider - - 2 = 1 - (1 - 1 - 2i ) = =1 w2 = Þ 1 - i 3 = 2 w2
1 (1 i ) 1 + 2i 2
48
1 + 2i Consider (-1 + i 3)48 = éë -(1 - i 3) ùû
\ =1
1 - (1 - i )
2

= (1 - i 3) 48
1 + i (1 + i )(1 + i ) (1 + i ) (1 + i ) 2 2

= = = Þ (2w2)48 = 248. w96 = 248 (w3)32 = 248

36. (d) Consider
1 - i (1 - i )(1 + i ) 1 - i 2
1+1 41. (b) Consider 1 + i2 + i4 + i6 + ... + i100
= 1 + [i2 + i4 + i6 + ... + i100]
1 + i 2 + 2i 2i
= = =i = 1 + [(–1) + (1) –1 + ... + 1]
2 2
= 1 – 1 + 1– 1 + ... + 1 = 1
n
æ 1+ iö
\ çè ÷ =i
n
p p p
1- iø 42. (c) | z | = 12 + cos2 + 2cos + sin 2
5 5 5
Now, in = 1 is possible for n = 4.

æ 1 + 2i ö
2
æ (1 + 2i )(2 - i ) ö
2
2 p æ pö
= 1 + 1 + 2cos = 2 ç1 + cos ÷
37. (d) Consider ç ÷ =ç ÷ 5 è 5ø
è 2 + i ø è (2 + i )(2 - i ) ø
2 2
æ 2 + 4i - i - 2i 2 ö æ 4 + 3i ö æ p ö æ pö
=ç ÷ = ç ÷ = 2 ç1 + 2 cos 2 - 1÷ = 2 ç 2 cos2 ÷
è 4 - i2 ø è 5 ø è 10 ø è 10 ø

1 7 24i p
= (16 + 9i 2 + 24i ) = + = 2cos
25 25 25 10
2
æ 1 + 2i ö 7 24 1 1
\ Conjugate of ç ÷ = - i 43. (a) Let z = -
è 2+i ø 25 25 1 + 3i 1 - 3i
(Q conjugate of a+ib = a– ib)
(1 - 3i ) - (1 + 3i ) - 6i 6i 3
= = = - =- i
(1 + 3i ) (1 - 3i ) 2
(1) - (3i ) 2 10 5

38.
æ 3+iö
(c) Consider çç ÷÷ =
( 3+i )( 3+i )
è 3 -i ø ( 3 - i )( 3 + i)
\ | z|= æ 3ö
(0)2 + ç - ÷ =
2
9
=
3
è 5ø 25 5
( )
2
3+i 3 + i 2 + 2 3i 44. (d) Consider,
= =
( 3) (2 – w + 2w2)27 = [2(1 + w2) – w]27
2 2
- (i )
2 3-i
= (– 2w – w)27 [Q 1 + w + w2 = 0]
= (– 3w)27 = – 327 . w27
= (– 3)27 . (w3)9 = (– 3)27
 EBD_7346
M-102 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
49. (c) Since, a and b are the complex cube roots of unity
45. (a) (1 + i)5 = 5C0 (1)5–0 i0 + 5C1 (1)5–1 (i)1 + 5C2 (1)5–2 (i)2
therefore 1 + a + a2 = 0 = 1 + b + b2
+ 5C3 (1)5–3 (i)3 + 5C4 (1)5–4 (i)4 + 5C5 (1)5–5 (i)5 and a3 = 1 = b3.
= 1 + 5i + 10 i2 + 10i3 + 5i4 + i5 .....(1) Consider (1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + a2) (1 + b2)
= (1 + a) (1 + a2) (1 + b) (1 + b2)
(1 – i)5 = 5C0 i0 – 5C1 i + 5C2 i2 – 5C3 i3
= (1 + a2 + a + a3) (1 + b2 + b + b3)
+ 5C4 i4 – 5C5 i5
2 3 4 5
= (0 + a3) (0 + b3)
= 1 – 5i + 10 i – 10i + 5i – i .....(2) = (a3) (b3) = (1) (1) = 1
By adding (1) and (2), we get 50. (d) Since w is a cube root of unity
(1 + i)5 + (1 – i)5 = 1 + 5i + 10i2 + 10i3 + 5i4 + i5 \ w3 = 1 and 1 + w + w2 = 0
+ 1 – 5i + 10i2 – 10i3 + 5i4 – i5. Let f(x) = (x3)p + (x3)q. x + (x3)r. x2
= 2 + 20i2 + 10i4 = 2 – 20 + 10 = – 8 Now, put x = w
46. (b) Let Z = x + iy = –2i f (w) = (w3)p + (w3)q.w + (w3)r.w2
Let square root of z be a + ib. = 1p +1q.w + 1r.w2 = 1 + w + w2 = 0
Then x + iy = a + ib 1 + 2i 2 - i
51. (a) z= -
2
(
Þ x + iy = ( a + ib ) = a 2 - b 2 + ( 2ab ) i) 2 - i 1 + 2i

(1 + 2i )2 - ( 2 - i )2 1 + 4i 2 + 4i - 4 - i 2 + 4i
(
Þ - 2i = a - b 2 2
) + i ( 2ab) z=
( 2 - i )(1 + 2i )
=
2 + 4i - i - 2i 2
Equating real and imaginary part, we get
-3 - 4 + 8i + 1 -6 + 8i ( -6 + 8i )( 4 - 3i )
a2 – b2 = 0 and 2ab = –2 Þ ab = –1 = = =
4 + 3i 4 + 3i 16 + 9
Since, ab < 0 therefore
é ù -24 + 18i + 32i - 24i 2 50i
2 2 2 2 = = = 2i
x +y +x x + y - xú
x + iy = ± êê 25 25
-i ú
2 2 Consider,
êë úû
2 2 2
z 2 + z z = ( 2i ) + ( 2i )( -2i ) = 4i - 4i = 0
é 4 +0 4 - 0ù
=± ê -i ú 52. (d) Given complex number is
êë 2 2 ú (1 – sinq) + i cosq º a + ib
û
é 2 b
2ù Argument º tan q =
=±ê -i ú = ± [1 - i ] a
ë 2 2û
cos q
3p Þ tanq =
47. (b) Given : z = 1 + i tan a, p < a < 1 - sin q
2
q q
2 2 cos2 - sin 2
z = (1) + ( tan α ) = sec2 a 2 2
=
|z| = sec a. 2q 2q q q
sin + cos - 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
3p
Since, p < a <
2 æ q qöæ q qö
\ Sec a lies in IIIrd quadrant ç cos - sin ÷ ç cos + sin ÷
è 2 2 øè 2 2ø
=
In 3rd quadrant, sec a is negative. q qö
2
æ
n ç sin - cos ÷
n é è 2 2ø
æ1 - i ö
ê
(1 - i )2 ùú
48. (b) ç ÷ =
è1+ i ø ê (1 + i ) (1 - i ) ú q
cos + sin
q
1 + tan
q p
tan + tan
q
ë û
2 2 2= 4 2
n n = =
é 1 + i 2 - 2i ù æ -2i ö n q q q p q
1 - tan 1 - tan tan
=ê
2
ú =ç
è ÷ = ( -i )
ø
cos - sin
2 2 2 4 2
ëê 1 - i ûú 2
For n = 3 æp qö
tan q = tan ç + ÷
è4 2ø
( -i )n = ( -i )3 = - i ´ - i ´ - i = –i3 = – (–i) = i
p q
Which is purely imaginary with positive imaginary part. Hence, argument = +
Hence, n = 3. 4 2
Complex Numbers M-103

59. (a) Let z = –1 –i

4 + 2i 1 + 2i
53. (b) A + iB = ´ (By Rationalizing) Since Real part of z < 0 and Imaginary part of z < 0
1 - 2i 1 + 2i therefore argument lies in IIIrd quadrant
4 + 2i + 8i - 4 0 + 10i -1 p 5p
= 2 2 = = 2i = 0 + 2i arg (z) = p + tan -1 =p + =
(1) - ( 2i ) 5 -1 4 4
Þ A = 0, B = 2 60. (a) 3 + 4i = 2 + i + 2 × 2 × i = (2 + i)2
2 2

54. (a) Let z = x + y then z = x - iy 3 + 4i = 2 + i

61. (d) The two complex numbers are
Now z = -z P = x + iy and Q = a + ib
Þ (x + iy) = – (x – iy) Þ x + iy = – x + iy
Þ 2x = 0 Þ Re(z) = 0 P x + iy P x + iy
Quotient = = , =
55. (b) Statement – 1 Q a + ib Q a + ib
(w10 + 1)7 + w = 0
x 2 + y2 x 2 + y2 Z1 Z1
7 = = = =
é
L.H.S = ê w
ë
( )
ù 3 3
w + 1ú + w
û
2
a +b 2 2
a +b 2 Z2 Z2

Hence, the quotient of their modulus is equal to the

Þ (w + 1)7 + w (Q w3 = 1) quotient of their moduli.
Þ –[w2]7 + w = –(w3)4 .w2. + w. = – w2 + w ¹ 0 62. (a) |2z – 1| = |z – 2|
Hence, LHS ¹ RHS |2 (x + iy) –1| = |x + iy – 2|
Statement – 2 |(2x – 1) + 2yi| = |(x – 2) + iy|
10
L.H.S
é 3 35 ù
ê w
= (w105 + 1)10 =
ë
+ 1ú
û
( ) = 210 (2x - 1)2 + y2 = (x - 2)2 + y2
Squaring both sides
where 2 is a prime number. 4x2 + 1 – 4x + 4y2 = x2 + 4 – 4x + y2
Hence, statement – 2 is correct. Þ 3x2 + 3y2 = 3
Þ x2 + y2 = 1
13 13 It is the equation of a circle.
56. (d) å éêëin ∗i n∗1 ùúû = å in Ζ1 ∗ i∴ \ The point z describes a circle.
n <1 n <1
63. (a) Let z = x + iy, z = x – iy
(1 + i ) i é1 - i13 ù |z+ z |=|z-z |
= (1 + i ) éëi + i + i .... i ùû =
2 3 13
(1 - i ) ë û |(x + iy) + (x – iy)| = |(x + iy) – (x – iy)|
|2x| = |2y|
( -1 + i ) (1 - i13 ) -1 + i13 + i - i14
x=±y
= = (1 + i)(2 + i) 1 + 3i
(1 - i ) (1 - i ) 64. (d) =
3-i 3-i
-1 + (i 2 )6 .i + i - (i 2 )7 2i + 2i 2 1 + 3i 3 + i 10i
´
= = = (i – 1) = = = i or 0 + i
(1 - i) 1 - i2 3- i 3+ i 10
-1 æ 1 ö -1 æ pö p
2 +i 2 +i 2+i argument, q = tan ç ÷ = tan ç tan ÷ =
57. (c) Let z = = ´ 0
è ø è 2ø 2
2 -i 2 -i 2+i
65. (d) Let z = K(cosq + i sinq)

( )
2
2 +i |z| = K2 (cos2 q + sin 2 q) = 4
2 2 i +1
= = \ K=4
( 2)
2 2
- (i) 3
5p
Again Arg(z) =
6
2 2 1
Þ z= i+
3 3 So, q = 5p
6
2 2
æ2 2ö æ1ö æ æ 5p ö æ 5p ö ö
Now, | z | = çç ÷÷ + ç ÷ =1 Now, z = 4 ç cos ç ÷ + i sin ç ÷ ÷
è 3 ø è3ø è è ø6 è 6 øø
æ - 3 (1) ö
æ1- i ö = 4ç +i ÷
58. (a) Consider -i = e - i p / 2 = ± e - i p / 4 = ± ç ç 2 2 ÷ø = -2 3 + 2i
è 2 ÷ø è
 EBD_7346
M-104 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

(1 + i)4n + 5 69. (c) Let i = x + iy

66. (a) Given i = (x + iy)2
(1 - i)4n +3
x – y2 + 2xyi = 0 + i
2

(1 + i) 4n +3 .(1 + i) 2 æ1+ iö
4n + 3
x2 – y2 = 0; 2xy = 1
=ç .(1 + i)2
è 1 - i ÷ø
=
(1 - i)4n + 3 Now, (x2 + y2)2 = (x2 – y2)2 + 4x2 y2
4n +3 (x2 + y2)2 = 0 + 1
é (1 + i)(1 + i) ù
=ê ú g (1 + i 2 + 2i) x2 + y2 = 1
ë (1 - i)(1 + i) û
x2 – y2 = 0 ... (i)
4n + 3 2 2
é1 + i 2 + 2i ù x +y =1 ... (ii)
= ê ú .2i = (i)4n+3 . 2i = 2(i)4n+4
ëê 1 + 1 ûú
2x2 = 1
= 2. (i4(n + 1)) = 2
1 1
–2 (1 + 2i ) x2 = Þx=±
67. (d) z= 2 2
3+i
1 1
–2 – 4i –2 – 4i 3 – i y2 = Þy=±
= = ´ 2 2
3+i 3+i 3–i

\ æ 1 1 ö
– 6 + 2i – 12i + 4i 2 i = ±ç + i÷
= è 2 2 ø
10
– 6 – 10i – 4 –10 – 10i 1 –1
= = = –1 – i = (1 + i) or (1 + i).
10 10 2 2
z = – 1– i = r (cos q + i sin q)
On comparing real and imaginary part on both sides, 70. (b) As we know that cube root of unity is 1, w and w2
we get \ x3 – 1 = (x – 1) (x – w) (x – w2)
r cos q = – 1 ...(i) \ Option (b) is correct.
r sin q = – 1 ...(ii)
On dividing eq. (ii) by (i), we get
3
r sin q –1 é p æ p öù
= ê sin + i ç1 – cos ÷
r cos q –1 6 è 6 øú
71. (c) ê ú
ê sin p æ p öú
ê – i ç1 – cos ÷
p ë 6 è 6 ø úû
tan q = 1 = tan
4

p 3
Þ q= é p p æ 2 p öù
4 ê 2 sin 12 cos 12 + i ç 2 sin 12 ÷ ú
è øú
=ê
ê 2 sin p p æ p ö
\ q=
p
ê cos – i ç 2 sin 2 ÷ úú
4 ë 12 12 è 12 ø û
\ Option (b) is correct.
3 3
68. (c) Here cube root of unity is 1, w, w2 é p pù æ i p ö
Now as we know that 1 + w + w2 = 0 and w3 = 1 ê cos 12 + i sin 12 ú ç e 12 ÷
=ê ú =ç ÷
w8 =(w3)2. w2 = w2 ê cos p p çç – i
p
÷÷
– i sin ú
w4 = (w3). w = w ë 12 12 û è e 12
ø
Now, (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (1 + w8)
= (– w2) (– w) (1 + w) (1 + w2) 3
æ ipö p p
= w3 (1 + w2 + w + w3) i ´ 3´
6 = e 2 = cos p + i sin p = i
i
= çe 6 ÷ = e
= w3 (w3) = (1) (1) = 1 ç ÷ 2 2
\ Option (c) is correct. è ø
\ Option (c) is correct.
Complex Numbers M-105
3
72. (b) (sin x + i cos x)
-1 3
= sin3 x + (i)3 cos3 x + 3i (sin x) (cos x) (sin x + i cos x) 76. (c) Q w = +i
2 2
= sin 3 x – i cos3 x + 3i sin2 x cos x – 3 sin x cos2 x
= sin 3 x – 3 sin x cos2 x – i cos x (cos2 x + sin2 x) -1 3
& w2= –i
= sin x (sin2 x – 3 cos2 x) – i cos x (cos2x + 3 sin2x) 2 2
Real part of (sin x + i cos x)3 1 3
= sin x (sin2 x – 3 cos2 x) - + i (Q w ¹ 1)
2 2
= sin x [sin2 x – 3 (1 – sin2x)]
= sin x [4 sin2 x – 3] æ 1 3ö
= 4 sin3 x – 3sin x çç - , ÷÷
= – (3 sin x – 4 sin3 x) = –sin 3x è 2 2 ø
P
\ Option (b) is correct.
73. (d) Let Z1 = a1 + ib1
Z2 = a2 + ib2 q
|Z1| = |Z2|
O
2 2 2 2
( a1 ) + ( b1 ) = (a 2 ) + ( b2 )
It is true for many values of a1, a2 & b1, b2. So a1 must Q
not equal to a2, and b1 must not equal to b2. æ 1 - 3ö
74. (a) Let z = a + bi çç - , ÷÷
è 2 2 ø
Z2 = (x + i4)
P and Q are points on complex plane.
3/2 Angle between OP and OQ is
m1 - m2
3/2 q = tan -1
1 + m1 m2
b = 5/2 Z1 =1 + i
m1 for line OP, m2 for line OQ

3 - 3
1 real axis -0 -0
m1 = 2 m2 = 2
-1 -1
-0 -0
2 2
Þ z = a - bi
Þ m1 = - 3 Þ m2 = 3
\ i z - iz = i éë( a - bi ) - ( a + bi ) ùû = 5
é - 3- 3 ù
Þ i[–2bi] = 5 q = tan -1 ê ú
5 ë1 + (- 3)( 3) û
Þ b=
2 é -2 3 ù p
So from figure it is clear that = tan -1 ê ú = p - tan
-1
3 = p - tan -1 tan
5 3 ë -2 û 3
x = 1, y = + =4
2 2 p
z2 = 1 + 4i q =p -
3
75. (a) Let z = x + iy
z = x - iy q = 120°

Þ zz + ( 3 - i ) z + ( 3 + i ) z + 1 = 0 77. (a) z = x + iy
-25
Þ (x + iy) (x – iy) + (3 – i) (x + iy) + (3 + i) (x – iy) + 1 = 0 æ 1 i ö
Þ x2 + y2 + 6x + 2y + 1 = 0 =ç - ÷
Þ (x + 3)2 – 9 + (y + 1)2 – 1 + 1 = 0 è 2 2ø
Þ (x + 3)2 + (y + 1)2 = (3)2 p pù
-25
é
Centre (– 3, – 1) = êcos - i sin ú
radius = 3 ë 4 4û
 EBD_7346
M-106 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Q (Cosp – i Sinp ) n = Cos np – i Sin np 3

Þx=±
é cos(–q) = cos q ù 2
êsin(–q) = - sin q ú Since given numbers are non zero complex numbers.
ë û
So, z1 = 0 + (-1)i = -i
é æ 25p ö æ 25p öù
z = êcos ç ÷ + i sin ç ÷ú
ë è 4 ø è 4 øû 3 1 - 3 1
z2 = + i z3 = + i
é æ pö æ pö ù 2 2 2 2
= êcos ç 6p + ÷ + i sin ç 6p + ÷ ú
ë è 4ø è 4øû æ 3 1 ö æ 3 1 ö
z1 + z2 + z3 = ( -i ) + ç + i÷ + ç - + i÷ = 0
p p è 2 2 ø è 2 2 ø
= cos + i sin
4 4
Hence z1 + z2 + z3 = 0
1+ i
= æ 3 + i öæ - 3 + i ö
z1 z2 z3 = (-i ) ç
2 79. (c) ç 2 ÷ç ÷ç 2 ÷÷
è øè ø
z- 2 (1 + i - 2) 2 -i
= = (i 2 - ( 3) 2 )
z -i 2 2(1 + i - 2i) 4
-1 + i -i
= = -1 = (-3 - 1) = i
1-i 4
Hence z1z2z3 is purely imaginary.
-1 b æ 0 ö
Amplitude = tan = tan -1 ç ÷ = tan – 10 æ 3 + i ö - 3i + 1
a è -1 ø z1 z2 = -i ç =
ç 2 ÷÷ 2
è ø
= tan -1 (tan p) = p
æ z- 2 ö ( 3 + i )(- 3 + i)
z2 z3 =
Hence fundamental amplitude of çç ÷÷ is p. 4
è z -i 2 ø
æ -3 - 3i + 3i + i 2 ö
78. (c) Given z = i z 2 =ç ÷÷ = -1
ç 4
è ø
Let us suppose that z = x + iy
(- 3 + i)(-i) + 3i + 1
Þ ( x + iy )2 = i ( x - iy ) z3 z1 = =
2 2
Þ x2 - y 2 + 2 xyi = ix + y æ - 3i + 1 ö æ 3i + 1 ö
z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 = ç ÷÷ + (-1) + çç ÷÷
ç 2
Comparing real and imaginary part of both sides è ø è 2 ø
x2 - y 2 = y and 2xy = x. æ - 3i + 1 + 3i + 1 ö
=ç ÷÷ - 1
Taking 2xy = x ç 2
è ø
(2y – 1)x = 0
= 0Î R
1 Hence z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 = 0 is purely real.
Þ x = 0 and y =
2 Hence both statements are correct.
if x = 0
z -4 z 3
\ y + y2 = 0 (Q x2 – y2 = y) 80. (a) = 1 and =
z -8 z-2 2
y (y + 1) = 0
y = 0 and –1 Þ| z - 4 | = | z - 8 |
x=0 y = 0 and –1 Let z = x + iy
| x + iy – 4 | = | x + iy – 8 |
1 Squaring both sides, we get
If y =
2
[( x - 4) 2 + y 2 ] = [( x - 8)2 + y 2 ]
1 1
x2 - = ( x - 4)2 = ( x - 8)2
4 2
Þ x 2 + 16 - 8 x = x 2 + 64 - 16 x
3 2
Þx = Þ 8 x = 48 Þ x = 6
4
Complex Numbers M-107

z 3 é 3 iù
107
é 3 iù
107
when =
z-2 2 85. (a) z=ê + ú +ê - ú .
ë 2 2û ë 2 2û
Þ 2 | z |= 3 | z - 2 |
Squaring both sides, we get π 3 π 1
Q cos = & sin =
4( x2 + y 2 ) = 9[( x - 2)2 + y 2 ] 6 2 6 2
107 107
Þ 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 9 x 2 + 36 - 36 x + 9 y 2 é π πù é π πù
Þ z = êcos +i sin ú + êcos - i sin ú
Þ 5 x2 + 5 y 2 - 36 x + 36 = 0 ë 6 6û ë 6 6û
as we know x = 6 Also, (cos q + i sin q) = cos nq + i sin nq
n

5(6)2 + 5 y 2 - 36 ´ 6 + 36 = 0 107p 107p 107p 107p

Þ z = cos + i sin + cos – i sin .
2
Þ 5y = 0 Þ y = 0 6 6 6 6
Hence x = 6 and y = 0. Þ Im(z) = 0.
Þz=6 86. (c) Let z = x + iy
|z|=6 z2 + | z | = 0
z -6 6-6 Þ x 2 - y 2 + 2ixy + x 2 + y 2 = 0
81. (d) = =0
z+6 6+ 6
Þ x 2 - y 2 + x 2 + y 2 + i 2 xy = 0 + i 0
1 3
82. (d) Cube root of unity are 1, - ± i
2 2 Þ x2 - y 2 + x2 + y 2 = 0 ...(1)
w1 and w2 are two distinct cube roots of unity different and 2 xy = 0 Þ xy = 0 Þ x = 0 or y = 0
from 1. Now : For y = 0 in eq. (1) we get :
1 3 1 3 x2 + x 2 = 0
w1 = - + i , w2 = - - i
2 2 2 2
Þ x2 + | x |= 0
2
æ 1 3 1 3 ö
(w1 - w 2 )2 = ç - + i+ + i Clearly x2 + | x | will always be greater than 0 for all
è 2 2 2 2 ÷ø x > 0.
= ( 3i )2 = 3i 2 Let, x £ 0

( w1 - w 2 ) 2 = -3 x2 + | x |= 0

83. (d) w100 + w200 + w300 = (w99 × w) + (w100 )2 + (w3 )100 Þ x2 - x = 0 Þ x( x - 1) = 0

Þ x = 0 or (x – 1) = 0
= (w99× w) + (w99× w)2 + (w3 )100
Þx=0 (Q x £ 0)
Q w3 = 1 w99 = (w3 )33 = 133 = 1
\z=0
Þ w100 + w 200 + w300 = (1× w) + (1× w)2 + 1100 For x = 0 in eq. (1) we get,
= w + w2 + 1 = 1 + w + w2 = 0 - y2 + y2 = 0
z - 1 x + iy - 1
84. (d) = - y 2 + | y |= 0
z + 1 x + iy + 1 If y > 0, then
z - 1 x 2 + y 2 - 1 + 2iy –y2 + | y | = 0
= Þ –y2 + y = 0
z + 1 x2 + y 2 + 2 x + 1 Þ y = 0, y = 1
æ z -1 ö x2 + y 2 - 1 Þy=1 (Q y > 0)
Þ Re ç ÷ = =0
è z + 1 ø x2 + y2 + 2x +1 \ z=i
If y < 0, then
Þ x2 + y 2 - 1 = 0
– y2 + | y | = 0
Þ x2 + y 2 = 1 Þ –y2 – y = 0
Þ y = 0, y = –1
Also, z z = x 2 + y 2 = 1
Þ y = –1 (Q y < 0)
2
and z z = | z |
\ z = –i
Þ | z |2 = 1 \ There are only 3 distinct solutions.
Þ|z | = 1
 EBD_7346
M-108 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

1 + w2 é 4i - 6 10i ù 1
87. (b) X= (Q1 + w + w 2 = 0 and w3 = 1) 93. (a) A=ê ú and K = 2i
1+ w ë 14i 6 + 4i û
1 i i -i
-w 1 w3 K= = = =
ÞX= = = = w2 = w 2i 2i ( i ) 2i 2 2 .
-w 2 w w
88. (a) i2n + i2n. + 1 + i2n.+ 2 + i2n.+ 3 -i é 4i - 6 10i ù
= i2n + i2n.i + i2n.i2 + i2n. i3 \ KA = ê ú
2 ë 14i 6 + 4i û
= i2n (1 + i + i2 + i3) [since, i2 = – 1, i3 = i2.i = –i]
= i2n (1 + i – 1 – i)
é æ -i ö æ -i ö ù
= i2n (0) ê( 4i - 6 ) ç 2 ÷ 10i ç ÷ ú
è ø è2ø ú
=0 =ê
ê -
æ iö -i ú
n
æ -1 + i 3 ö æ -1 - i 3 ö
n ê 14i ç ÷ ( 6 + 4i ) æç ö÷ú
ë è2ø è 2 øû
89. (b) çç ÷÷ + çç ÷÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø
we know that cube roots of a unit use 1, w, w2 é -2i 2 + 3i -5i 2 ù é 2 + 3i 5 ù
=ê ú=ê
-1 + i 3 2 -1 - i 3 êë -7i 2
-3i - 2i úû ë 7
2 2 - 3i úû
w= ,w =
2 2
n
æ 1+ i ö
n n 94. (b) ç ÷ =1
æ -1 + i 3 ö æ -1 - i 3 ö n 2n è 1- i ø
So, ç ÷ +ç ÷ = w +w
è 2 ø è 2 ø We know, i2 = –1 and i4 = 1.
Now, rationalise the denominator.
Given, n is not multiple of 3. So, n = 1, 2, 4, 5... In any
case, wn + w2n = w + w2 = –1
n n n
90. (a) We know, if Z = x + iy, z = x 2 + y 2 æ (1 + i )(1 + i ) ö æ 1 + 2i + i2 ö æ 1 + 2i - i ö æ 2i ö
n
çç ÷÷ = çç ÷ =ç ÷ = ç ÷ = -i n
ç 1 - ( -1) ÷
è (1 - i )(1 + i ) ø
2 ÷
è 1-i ø è ø è2ø
1 + 2i 1 + 2i 1 + 2i
Given, = = =1
1 - (1 - i )
2
(
1 - 1 - 2i + i 2
) 1 + 2i
95.
The smallest positive integer for which in = 1 is 4
(c) Re (z2 – i) = 2
Since, it is purely real number, Let z = x + iy
modulus = 1 and principal argument = 0 Now, z2 = (x + iy)2 = x2 + 2ixy – y2
91. (c) |z + 4| £ 3 z2 – i = x2 + 2ixy – y2 – i
|z + 1|= |z + 4 + (– 3)| = x2 – y2 + i(2xy – 1)
We know, |z1 + z2| £ |z1| + |z2|
But, Re(z2 – i) = 2
So, |z + 4 + (– 3)| £ |z + 4| + |– 3|
£ |3| + |– 3| i.e., x2 – y2 = 2, which represents rectangular hyperbola.
£6 96. (c) z = x + iy = (–1 – i)
So, maximum value = 6. \ x = –1, y = –1
92. (c) z2 = 2 z This lies in 3rd Quadrant.
Let z = x + iy Þ z2 = (x + iy)2 = x2 – y2 + 2xyi \ arg(z) = q – p

\ z2 = 2 z Þ x2 – y2 + 2xyi = 2 (x – iy) æ yö
= tan -1 ç ÷ - p
Þ x2 – y2 = 2x ; 2xy = –2y Þ 2 (x + 1)y = 0. è xø
x = –1 and y = 0
Þ (– 1)2 – y2 = 2 (– 1) æ -1ö
Þ 1 – y2 = – 2 = tan -1 ç ÷ - p
è -1ø
Þ y2 = 3 Þ y= ± 3 = tan–1 (1) – p
\ Roots are -1 + 3 i and -1 - 3 i . p
= -p
and for y = 0, x2 – 0 = 2x 4
x(x – 2) = 0
x = 0 and 2. -3p
=
Hence, roots are 0, 2 4
Complex Numbers M-109

97. (c) Let z = x + iy 101. (b) Let x + iy = 3 + i

\ z2 + az + b = (x + iy)2 + a(x + iy) + b
= x2 – y2 + 2ixy + ax + iay + b Comparing real and imaginary parts, x = 3, y = 1
Given, z2 + az + b = 0 modulus-amplitude of x + iy is r(cosq + sinq), where
\ x2 – y2 + 2ixy + ax + iay + b = 0
æ yö
Þ x2 – y2 + ax + b + i(2xy + ay) = 0 + i.0 r = x 2 + y 2 and q = tan -1 ç ÷
è xø
Comparing real and imaginary parts, we get
x2 – y2 + ax + b = 0; ....(1)
( 3)
2
+ (1) = 4 = 2
2
y(2x + a) = 0 ....(2) r=
(2) Þ 2x + a = 0 (Q y¹ 0)
Þ 2(1) + a = 0 (Q Given Re(z) = 1) æ 1 ö p
q = tan -1 ç =
Þ a = –2 è 3 ÷ø 6
Now, (1)
Þ x2 – y2 + ax + b = 0 æ p pö
\ modulus-amplitude is 2 ç cos + i sin ÷ .
Þ (1)2 – y2 + (–2) (1) + b = 0 è 6 6ø
Þ 1 – y2 – 2 + b = 0
Þ –1 – y2 + b = 0 11
Þ b = 1 + y2 102. (c) å (in + in +1 )
n=2
Since, y Î R and y ¹ 0,
b is always greater than 1. We know, i + i2 + i3 + i4 = i – 1 – i + 1 = 0.
So, b Î (1, ¥) Also, i3 + i4 + i5 + i6 = 0
98. (a) |1 – 2i|x = 5x The sum of 4 consecutive powers of i is always 0.
11
æ
(
Þ ç (1) + ( -2)
2
1öx
2 2
) 2
÷ = 5x Q x + iy = x + y
2
n=2
( )
\ å i n + i n +1 = i 2 + i3 + i3 + i 4 + i 4 + i5 + i5
çè ø÷
+i + i + i 7 + i7 + i8 + i8 + i9 + i9 + i10 + i10
6 6
x
2 +i11 + i11 + i12
Þ ( 5) = 5x
x
Þ = x Þ x = 2x
(
= i 2 + i3 + i 4 + i5 + i 6 + i7 + i8 + i9 + i10 + i11 + )
(i )
2 3
Þ x = 0. + i 4 + i5 + i 6 + i 7 + i8 + i9 + i10 + i11 + i12
There is no non zero integral solution.
99. (c) We know, it |a| = 1 = (i2 + i3 + 0) + (i3 + i4 + 0)
Þ |a|2 = 1 = i2 + i3 + i3 + i4
Þ a.a = 1 ....(1) = i2 + 2i3 + i4
= –1 + 2(–i) + 1
a -b a -b = –2i
\ = (from (1))
1 - ab a.a - ab 103. (b) From cube root of unity

a -b -1 + 3i
= w= and
(
a a -b ) 2

-1 - 3i
a -b w2 =
2
=
a a -b
(Q sin ce | z | = | z |)
æ -1 + 3i ö æ -1 - 3i ö
w3 = ç ÷ç
=
1 1
= =1 è 2 øè 2 ø÷
|a| 1
100. (a) i1000 + i1001 + i1002 + i1003 ( -1)2 - ( 3i)2 4
= = =1
i = -1 4 4
= i1000 (1 + i + i2 + i3)
Þ i 2 = -1 \ w3 = 1

i 3 = i 2 .i Now, (w)3n + (w2)3n

=i 1000
(1 + i - 1 - i ) = -i =1+1=2
=0
 EBD_7346
M-110 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
104. (c) D is equilateral. Solving the equations,

y 2 x + 3y = 6
- 2 x + 4 y = 22

w B 7 y = 28 Þ y = 4

-
1
,
3
i 2x + 3y = 6 Þ 2x + 12 = 6
2 2
A x Þ 2x = – 6 Þ x = – 3
(1, 0) \ x = –3, y = 4
2
w 107. (b) Given equation, z3 + 2z2 + 2z + 1 = 0
1
- ,
3
i
C Þ z3 – z2 + z + z2 – z + 1 + 2z2 + 2z = 0
2 2
Þ (z + 1) (z2 – z + 1) + 2z (z + 1) = 0
Þ (z + 1) (z2 – z + 1 + 2z) = 0
Þ (z + 1) (z2 + z + 1) = 0
105. (b) Given, A = {x Î z : x3 – 1 = 0} Þ z = –1, w, w2.
B = {x Î z : x2 + x + 1 = 0} z2017 + z2018 + 1 = w + w2 + 1 = 0
The roots of x3 – 1 = 0 are 1, w, w2 \ Common roots are w, w2.
The roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0 are w, w2
\ A Ç B = {1, w, w2} Ç {w, w2} = {w, w2} 1 + 2i 1 + 2i
108. (c) z = =
1 - (1 - i ) 2 1 - (1 - 1 - 2i )
ìï -1 + 3 i -1 - 3 i üï
=í , ý
ïî 2 2 ïþ 1 + 2i
= =1
1 + 2i
é x -3i 1 ù \ |z| = 1
êy 1 i úú = 6 + 11i
106. (a) ê 1 + 2i
êë 0 2i -i úû 109. (a) z = = 1 = 1 + 0.i
1 - (1 - i ) 2
Þ x[–i – (2i) (i)] – y [(–3i) (–i) – (2i) (1)] + 0 = 6 +11i \ Principal argument of z = tanq
Þ x (–i + 2) – y (–3 – 2i) = 6 + 11i 0
Þ – xi + 2x + 3y + 2yi = 6 + 11i = =0
Þ (2x + 3y) + (–x + 2y) i = 6 + 11i 1
\ 2x + 3y = 6 and –x + 2y = 11 \ q = 0°
 Binomial Theorem,
Mathematical Induction 5
(3 - 2x) 20x
1. What is the coefficient of x3 in ? [2006-I] (a) (b) 83 x
(1 + 3x) 3 19
(a) – 272 (b) – 540 83x
(c) 19 x (d)
(c) – 870 (d) – 918 19
2. What are the last two digits of the number 9200 ? [2006-II] 12. What is the value of [2008-II]
8
(a) 19 (b) 21 (c) 41 (d) 01 C0 – C1 + C2 – C3 + C4 – C5 + C6 – C7 + 8C8
8 8 8 8 8 8 8

3. n
For any positive integer n, if 4 – 3n is divided by 9, then (a) 0 (b) 1
what is the remainder ? [2006-II] (c) 2 (d) 28
13. What is the term independent of x in the expansion of
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 1
9
4. What is the coefficient of x5 in the expansion æ 3x 2 1 ö
(1 –2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + ....... ¥ )–5 ?
2 –5
[2007-I] ( 3
1+ x + 2x ç )
ç 2
è
– ÷ ?
3x ÷ø
[2009-I]
(a) (10!)/(5!) (b) 5
(c) 55 (d) 10!/{6!)(4!)} (a) 1/3
(b) 17/54
æx y ö
12 (c) 1/4
3
5. What is the middle term in the expansion of çç 3 – ÷ ? (d) No such term exists in the expansion
y x ÷
è ø 14. What is the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of
(1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ....)1/2? [2009-II]
(a) C(12, 7) x3 y–3 (b) C(12, 6) x–3 y3
–3 3 (a) 1/4 (b) 1/16
(c) C(12, 7) x y (d) C(12, 6) x3 y–3 [2007-I]
4 (c) 1 (d) 1/128
6. If x occurs in the rth term in the expansion of 15. Consider the following statements
15 I. The coefficient of the middle term in the expansion of
æ 4 1 ö 8
ç x + 3 ÷ , then what is the value of r ? [2007-II] æ 1ö
è x ø (1+ x)8 is equal to the middle term of ç x + ÷ .
è xø
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10 II. The coefficient of the middle term in the expansion of
7. After simplification, what is the number of terms in the (1 + x)8 is less than the coefficient of the fifth term in
expansion of [(3x + y)5]4 – [(3x–y)4]5? [2007-II] the expansion of (1+ x)7.
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 11 Which of the above statements is/ are correct? [2009-II]
8. What is the coefficient of x3 y4 in (2x + 3y2)5 ? [2008-I] (a) I only (b) II only
(a) 240 (b) 360 (c) 720 (d) 1080 (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
9. What is the approximate value of (1.02)8 ? 16. What is the sum of the coefficients of all the terms in the
(a) 1.171 (b) 1.175 expansion of (45x – 49)4? [2010-I]
(a) –256 (b) –100
(c) 1.177 (d) 1.179 [2008-I]
(c) 100 (d) 256
10. What is the last digit of 334n +1, where n is a natural number? 17. What is the coefficient of x 17 in the expansion of
[2008-I] 9
æ x3 ö
(a) 2 (b) 7 ç 3x - ÷ ? [2010-II]
(c) 8 (d) None of these ç 6 ÷
è ø
11. If tr is the rth term in the expansion of (1+ x)101, then what is 189 567
t 20 (a) (b)
8 2
the ratio t equal to ? [2008-I]
19 21
(c) (d) None of these
16
 EBD_7346
M-112 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
18. What is the number of terms in the expansion of (a + b + c)n, (a) 1 (b) 2n
n – 1 (d) 2n+1
nÎN ? [2010-II] (c) 2
(a) n + 1 (b) n + 2 30 How many terms are there in the expansion of (1 + 2x + x2)10 ?
[2013-II]
( n + 1) ( n + 2 ) (a) 11 (b) 20
(c) n(n + 1) (d)
2 (c) 21 (d) 30
19. What is the sum of all the coefficients in the expansion of DIRECTIONS (Qs. 31-33): For the next three (03) items that
(1 + x)n ? [2010-II] follow
(a) 2n (b) 2n – 1
n
(c) 2n – 1 (d) 2(n – 1) æ 3 1ö
In the expansion of ç x - 2 ÷ where n is a positive integer, the
2 è x ø
æ1 - x ö
20. What is the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of ç ÷ ? sum of the coefficients of x5 and x10 is 0. [2014-I]
è1+ x ø 31. What is n equal to ?
(a) – 16 (b) 16 [2010-II] (a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 8 (d) – 8 (c) 15 (d) None of these
8
32. What is the value of the independent term ?
æ xö (a) 5005 (b) 7200
21. What is the middle term in the expansion of ç1 - ÷ ?
è 2ø (c) –5005 (d) –7200
33. What is the sum of the coefficients of the two middle
35 x 4 17 x5 terms ?
(a) (b) [2011-I]
8 8 (a) 0 (b) 1
35 x5 (c) –1 (d) None of these
(c) (d) None of these DIRECTIONS (Qs. 34-36) : For the next three (03) items that
8
22. What is the ratio of coefficient of x15 to the term independent follow
15 Given that C(n, r) : C(n, r + 1) = 1: 2 and C(n, r + 1) : C(n, r + 2) = 2 : 3.
æ 2 2ö [2014-I]
of x in ç x + ÷ ? [2011-II]
è xø 34. What is n equal to ?
(a) 1/64 (b) 1/32 (a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14
(c) 1/16 (d) 1/4 35. What is r equal to ?
23. For all n Î N , 24n – 15n – 1 is divisible by [2011-II] (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
(a) 125 (b) 225 36. What is P(n, r) : C(n, r) equal to ?
(c) 450 (d) None of the above (a) 6 (b) 24 (c) 120 (d) 720
24. In the expansion of [1 + x]n, what is the sum of even binomial 6
æ 3 + iö
coefficients? [2012-I] 37. What is ç ÷ equal to, where i = -1 ? [2014-I]
(a) 2n (b) 2n – 1 è 3 - iø
(c) 2n + 1 (d) None of the above (a) 1 (b) 1/6 (c) 6 (d) 2
25. The value of the term independent of x in the expansion of DIRECTIONS (Qs. 38-42): For the next five (05) items that follow
9
æ 2 1ö 15
ç x - ÷ is: [2012-I] æ 2 1ö
Consider the expansion ç x + ÷ . [2014-II]
è xø è xø
(a) 9 (b) 18
38. What is the independent term in the given expansion ?
(c) 48 (d) 84
(a) 2103 (b) 3003
26. What is the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of
(c) 4503 (d) None of these
(1 + x)n ? [2013-I]
39. What is the ratio of coefficient of x15 to the term independent
(a) 2n (b) 2n – 1
of x in the given expansion ?
(c) 2n + 1 (d) n + 1
(a) 1 (b) 1/2
n (c) 2/3 (d) 3/4
27. What is å C (n, r ) equal to ? [2013-II] 40. Consider the following statements :
r =0 1. There are 15 terms in the given expansion.
(a) 2n – 1 (b) n 2. The coefficient of x12 is equal to that of x3.
(c) nl (d) 2n Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
28. If C (28, 2r) = C (28, 2r – 4), then what is r equal to ? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
[2013-II] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 7 (b) 8 41. Consider the following statements :
(c) 12 (d) 16 1. The term containing x2 does not exist in the given
29. Let n be a positive integer and expansion.
(1 + x)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ... + anxn 2. The sum of the coefficients of all the terms in the given
What is a0 + a1 +a2 + ... + an equal to ? [2013-II] expansion is 215.
Binomial Theorem, Mathematical Induction M-113

Which of the above statements is/are correct ? 52. The number of terms in the expansion of (x + a)100 +
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (x – a)100 after simplification is [2017-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 202 (b) 101 (c) 51 (d) 50
42. What is the sum of the coefficients of the middle terms in 53. In the expansion of (1 + x)50, the sum of the coefficients of
the given expansion ? odd powers of x is [2017-II]
(a) C (15, 9) (b) C (16, 9) (a) 226 (b) 249
(c) C (16, 8) (d) None of these (c) 250 (d) 251
1
å n+ rCn ( 2n - 1) 3a + b
43. What is equal to? [2015-I] 54. If 1.3 + 2.32 + 3.33 + .... + n.3n = then a and b
r =0 3
(a) n + 2C
1 (b) n + 2C
n
are respectively [2017-II]
(c) n + 3C (d) n + 2C (a) n, 2 (b) n, 3
n n+1
10 (c) n + 1, 2 (d) n + 1, 3
æ 1 ö
44. In the expansion of ç x + 2 ÷ the value of constant 4
è 3x ø 55. If z - = 2, then the maximum value of | z | is equal to
z
term (independent of x) is [2015-II]
(a) 5 (b) 8 [2017-II]
(c) 45 (d) 90 (a) 1+ 3 (b) 1 + 5
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 45-47): For the next three (03) items that (c) 1 - 5 (d) 5 -1
follow
56. If n Î N, then 121 – 25 + 1900n – (–4)n is divisible by which
n n
Consider the expansion of (1 + x)2n+1 one of the following? [2018-I]
45. If the coefficients of xr and xr+1 are equal in the expansion, (a) 1904 (b) 2000 (c) 2002 (d) 2006
then r is equal to [2015-II] 57. In the expansion of (1 + x)43, if the coefficients of (2r + 1)th
2n - 1 and (r + 2)th terms are equal, then what is the value of
(a) n (b) r(r ¹ 1)? [2018-I]
2
2n + 1 (a) 5 (b) 14 (c) 21 (d) 22
(c) (d) n + 1 58. If the coefficients of a m and a n in the expansion of
2
(1 + a)m+n are a and b, then which one of the following is
46. The average of the coefficients of the two middle terms in correct? [2018-I]
the expansion is
(a) a = 2b (b) a = b
(a) 2n+1Cn+2 (b) 2n+lCn
2n+l (c) 2a = b (d) a = (m + n)b
(c) Cn–1 (d) 2nCn+1
59. What is the number of non-zero terms in the expansion of
47. The sum of the coefficients of all the terms in the expansion
(1 + 2 ) + (1 - 2 )
is 11 11
3x 3x (after simplification)?
(a) 22n–l (b) 4n–l
(c) 2 × 4n (d) None of the above [2018-I]
48. The coefficient of x99 in the expansion of (x–1)(x–2)(x–3)..... (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 11
(x – l00) is [2015-II] 60. What is C(n, r) + 2C(n, r – 1) + C(n, r – 2) equal to?
(a) 5050 (b) 5000 [2018-I]
(c) –5050 (d) –5000 (a) C(n + 1, r) (b) C(n – 1, r + 1)
5 (c) C(n, r + 1) (d) C(n + 2, r)
49. What is C4 + C3 + å
47 51 52– j
C3 equal to? [2016-II] 61. What is the coefficient of the middle term in the binomial
j=2 expansion of (2 + 3x)4? [2018-II]
(a) 52C4 (b) 51C5 (a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 108 (d) 216
(c) 53C4 (d) 52C5 62. Let the coefficient of the middle term of the binomial expan-
50. The value of [C (7, 0) + C (7, 1)] + [C (7, 1) + C (7, 2)] + .... + sion of (1 + x)2n be a and those of two middle terms of the
[C (7, 6) + C (7, 7)] is [2017-I] binomial expansion of (1 + x)2n–1 be b and g. Which one of the
(a) 254 (b) 255 following relations is correct? [2018-II]
(c) 256 (d) 257 (a) a > b + g (b) a < b + g
51. The expansion of (x – y)n, n ³ 5 is done in the descending (c) a = b + g (d) a = b g
powers of x. If the sum of the fifth and sixth terms is zero, 63. If C(20, n + 2) = C(20, n – 2), then what is n equal to ?
[2019-I]
x
then is equal to [2017-I] (a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 16
y 64. What is the number of terms in the expansion of [(2x – 3y)2
n -5 n-4 (2x + 3y)2]2 ? [2019-I]
(a) (b) (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 16
6 5 65. In the expansion of (1 + ax)n, the ûrst three terms are
5 6 respectively 1, 12x and 64x2. What is n equal to? [2019-I]
(c) (d) (a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 12
n-4 n -5
 EBD_7346
M-114 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

ANSWER KEY
1 (d) 8 (c) 15 (a) 22 (b) 29 (b) 36 (b) 43 (a,d) 50 (a) 57 (b) 64 (b)
2 (d) 9 (a) 16 (d) 23 (b) 30 (c) 37 (a) 44 (a) 51 (b) 58 (b) 65 (b)
3 (d) 10 (d) 17 (a) 24 (b) 31 (c) 38 (b) 45 (a) 52 (c) 59 (c)
4 (a) 11 (d) 18 (d) 25 (d) 32 (c) 39 (a) 46 (b) 53 (b) 60 (d)
5 (d) 12 (a) 19 (a) 26 (a) 33 (a) 40 (b) 47 (c) 55 (d) 61 (d)
6 (c) 13 (b) 20 (b) 27 (d) 34 (d) 41 (c) 48 (c) 55 (b) 62 (c)
7 (c) 14 (c) 21 (a) 28 (b) 35 (c) 42 (c) 49 (a) 56 (b) 63 (b)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

(3 - 2x) æx y
12
ö
1. (d) = (3 – 2x) (1 + 3x)–3 3
(1 + 3x) 3 5. (d) In the expansion of ç - ÷ , then middle term
ç 3 y x ÷
è ø
(-3)(-4)
= (3 – 2x) (1– 9x + .9x 2 12
2! is + 1 = 7th term. (r + 1)th term,
2
(-3)(-4)(-5) 12 - r
+ .27x 3 + ....) éx y ù æ 3 ö
r
3! Tr + 1 = 12Cr ê ú . ç- ÷
ëê 3 ûú è y xø
[Expanding(1 + 3x)–3]
= (3 – 2x) (1 – 9x + 54x2 – 270 x3 +.........)
6 6
\ Coefficient of x3 = – 270 × 3 – 2 × 54 æ x yö æ 3 ö
= – 810 – 108 = – 918 \ T7 = T6 + 1 = 12C6 ç ÷ ç- ÷
è 3 ø è y xø
2. (d) Using binomial theorem 9200 = (1 + 8)200
x 6 y3
= 12C6 = 12C6 x3y–3 = C(12, 6)x3 y–3
200 ´199 2 y6 x 3
= 1 + 8.200 + ´ 8 +...
2!
15
= 1 + 1600 + 1273600 +... æ 1ö
6. (c) In the expansion of ç x 4 + 3 ÷ , let Tr is the nth
From above, it is clear that the last two digits of the è x ø
number 9200 are 01. term
3. (d) Using binomial theorem. 4n – 3n = (1 + 3)n – 3n
r -1
n(n - 1) 2 4 15- r +1 æ 1 ö
=1+n.3+ 3 +... – 3n Tr = 15Cr -1 (x ) çè 3 ÷ø
2! x

n(n - 1) 2 n(n - 1)(n - 2) 3 = 15Cr -1 x 64- 4r -3r + 3 = 15Cr -1 x 67- 7r

=1+ .3 + .3 +...
2! 3! x4 occurs in this term
Þ 4 = 67 – 7r
ì n(n - 1) ü
Þ 4n – 3n = 9 í + ...ý + 1 Þ 7r = 63
î 2! þ
Þ r = 9.
Thus, when 4n – 3n is divided by 9, the remainder is 1. 7. (c) Given expression is :
4. (a) 1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 +..... [(3x + y)5]4 – [(3x – y)4]5 = [(3x + y)]20 – [(3x – y)]20
= (1 + x)–2, so, (1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + ... ¥)–5 First and second expansion will have 21 terms each
= ((1 + x)–2)–5 = (1 + x)10 Þ Tr + 1 = 10Cr xr but odd terms in second expansion be Ist, 3rd,
5th.....21st will be equal and opposite to those of first
10! 10! expansion.
Putting r = 5, coefficient of x5 = 10C5 = =
5!5! (5!) 2 Thus, the number of terms in the expansion of above
expression is 10.
Binomial Theorem, Mathematical Induction M-115

8. (c) Tr = nCr – 1 (2x)r – 1(3y2)n – r + 1

éæ 3 ö 9 æ3 ö 1
8
T4 = = 5C3 (2x)3 (3y2)2 = (1 + x + 2 x3 ) êç x 2 ÷ - 9C1 ç x 2 ÷ . ............
êëè 2 ø è 2 ø 3x
5! 3 3 4 5.4
= 2 .x .9y = ´ 8 ´ 9 ´ x 3 y 4 = 720 x3 y4
3!2! 2.1
3
æ3 ö æ 1 ö
6 2
æ3 ö æ 1 ö
7 ù
\ Coefficient of x3y4 = 720 + 9C6 ç x 2 ÷ ç ÷ - 9C7 ç x 2 ÷ ç ÷ ..........ú
9. (a) (1.02)8 = (1 + 0.02)8 è 2 ø è 3x ø è 2 ø è 3x ø úû

(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + n(n –1) x 2 + n(n – 1)(n – 2) x 3 + ..... In the second bracket we have to search out terms of xº
2! 3!
1
n = 8, x = 0.02 and which when multiplied with the terms 1 and
x3
(1 + 0.02)8
2x3 in the first bracket will give a term independent of
8´ 7 8.7.6
= 1 + 8 ´ 0.02 + .(0.02) 2 + (.02)3 1
2! 3! x. The term containing will not occur in the 2nd
x
Neglecting higher terms
bracket.
= 1 + 0.16 + 28 × 0.0004 + 56 × 0.000008
\ Term independent of x
; 1 + 0.16 + 0.0112 = 1.171
10. (d) In 3n, last digit is 3, if n = 1, 9 if n = 2, 7 if n = 3 and 1 if é 33 1 ù é 32 1 1 ù
n = 4 and it is repeated after than = 1 - ê 9C6 3 . 6 ú - 2 x3 ê 9C7 2 . 7 . 3 ú
ëê 2 3 ûú ëê 2 3 x ûú
4n
Given expression is 33 +1
é 9.8.7 1 ù é 9.8 1 ù
34n 81n
=ê . ú -2ê × ú
Let x = 3 +1 = 3 +1 ë 1.2.3 8.27 û ë 1.2 4.243 û

Þ x = 380n .3n + 1 7 2 17
= - =
Last digit of x will be decided by 3n since 380n has 18 27 54
power multiple of 4. 14. (c) Consider (1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ...)1/2 = (1 – x–2)1/2
If n = 1 last digit is 3 + 1 = 4 As we know that
n = 2 last digit is 32 + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10 (1 – x)–2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 +.....
So, last digit is zero. Þ (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + ...
n = 3 last digit is 33 + 1 = 27 + 1 = 28 \ Required coefficient of x4 is 1.
last digit is 8. 15. (a) Statement I : Given expansion is (1 + x)8
If n = 4 last digit is 34 + 1 = 81 + 1 = 82
Since, n = 8 is even
last digit is 2.
So, there is no definite value of last digit. æn ö
\ ç + 1÷ th term is the middle term.
11. (d) We find rn term : è2 ø
tr is the rth term in the expansion of (1 + x)101.
th
tr = 101Cr–1. (x)(r–1) æ8 ö
ie- ç + 1÷ = 5th term = middle term
è4 ø
101!
101 101
t C19 x19 C19 x 19!82! 83x
\ 20 = . = = x= 8 4 4 8
Now, 5th term = C4 x 1 = C4 x
4
101
t19 C18 x18 101
C18 101! 19
18!83! 8
Coeff of 5th term (middle term) = C4 .
12. (a) (1 – x)n = nC0 – nC1 (x) + n C2 x 2 – n C3 x3 +...
8
æ 1ö
+ (–1)n nCn Now, consider the expansion ç x + ÷
è xø
Put x = 1 and n = 8
\ (1 – 1)8 = 8C0 – 8C1 + 8C2 – 8C3 + ... + 8C8 It’s middle term = 5th term
Þ (8C0 – 8C1 + 8C2 – 8C3 + ... + 8C8 )= 0 4
8 4 æ 1ö 8
13. (b) Given expansion is and 5th term = C4 x ç ÷ = C4
è xø
9
æ3 1ö Hence, statement I is correct.
(1 + x + 2 x 3 ) ç x 2 - ÷
è2 3x ø
 EBD_7346
M-116 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Statement-II : Coeff. of middle term in (x + 1)8 is 21. (a) Since n = 8 is even number therefore middle term

8! th
8
C4 = = 70 æn ö
= ç + 1÷ term = (4 + 1) = 5th term
4!4! è2 ø

7! 4
Coeff of 5th term in (1 + x)7 = 7C4 = = 35 æ xö
4!3! Hence, T5 = 8 C4 (1)4 ç - ÷
è 2ø
Hence, statement II is incorrect.
16. (d) Given expansion is (45x – 49)4. 8! x 4 8 ´ 7 ´ 6 ´ 5 x 4 70 x 4 35 x 4
= ´ = . = =
To find the sum of the coefficients of all the terms in 4!4! 16 4 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´ 1 16 16 8
the expansion, we have to put x = 1 in the expansion.
Thus, required sum of coefficients = (45 – 49)4 15
æ 2 2ö
= (– 4)4 = 256 22. (b) Given expansion is ç x + ÷
è xø
17. (a) Given expansion is
r
æ2ö
æ x ö 3
9
3 Tr + 1 = 15Cr (x2)15–r ç ÷
-x èxø
ç 3x - ÷ where a = 3x , b = ,n=9
ç ÷
6 ø 6
è = 15Cr x30 – 2r 2r.x–r = 15Cr. x30 – 3r.2r
Now, General Term = Tr+1 = nCr (a)n – r. br Now, Above term will be independent of x when
30 – 3r = 0 Þ r = 10
æ - x3 ö
r
( -1)r x3r \ Term independent of x = 15C10210
= 9Cr (3x)9–r ç ÷ = 9Cr . 39–r x9–r . Now , coeff of x15
ç 6 ÷ 6r
è ø When 30 – 3r = 15 Þ r = 5
\ Required coeff = 15C525
x9 + 2 r
= 9Cr 39- r ( -1) r 15
6r C5 .25
Thus, Required Ratio =
15
We can get coeff of x17 when C10 .210
9 + 2r = 17
Þ 2r = 17 – 9 15!
5!(10!) 1 1
8 = 15! = =
Þ r= =4 5 25 32
2 ´2
10!5!
Hence, required coefficient
23. (b) Let P(n) : 24n – 15 n – 1
35 126 ´ 3 189 Put n = 2
= 9 C4 = =
P (2) = 28 – 30 – 1 = 225 which is divisible by 225.
4 16 8
6
Let us assume,
18. (d) Required number of terms in (a + b + c)n
P(n) is true for n = k is P (k) : 24k –15k–1 is divisible by
(n + 2)! (n + 1)(n + 2) 225.
= n+2 C2 =
2!n ! 2 Þ 24k - 15k -1 = 225 l, l ÎR, k ÎN ...(i)
19. (a) Given expansion is (1 + x)n. To prove for n = k + 1
Put x = 1, we get Consider
Required sum = (1 + 1)n = 2n
24k +4 - 15k - 15 - 1 = 24k . 24 - 15k - 16
2
æ1- x ö 2 -2 = 24 [225 l+1+15k] –15k – 16 (from (i))
20. (b) Consider ç ÷ = (1 - x ) (1 + x)
è 1 + x ø = 24 × 225 l × 24 + 15.24 × k – 15k – 16
= 24 × 225 l + 225 k
= (1 – 2x + x2) (1 + x)– 2
= 225[24 l + k]
= (1 – 2x + x2) (1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + 5x4 – .....)
= 225 r where
æ 1- x ö
2 r = 24l + k is a constant
\ Coefficient of x4 in ç ÷ = 5 + 8 + 3 = 16
è 1+ x ø Hence, 24 n - 15n - 1 is divisible by 225.
Binomial Theorem, Mathematical Induction M-117

24. (b) Sum of all binomial coefficients = (1 + 1)n = 2n For the coefficient x5
Put 3n – 5r = 5
2n 5r = 3n–5
\ Sum of even binomial coefficient = = 2n -1
2 3n
\ r= -1
9 5
æ 2 1ö
25. (d) çx - ÷ æ 3n ö
è xø n ç -1÷
\ Coefficient of x5 = C æ 3n ö (-1)è 5 ø
r ç -1÷

( )
9- r æ -1 ö è 5 ø
t r +1 = 9Cr x 2 ç ÷ For the coefficient of x10
è x ø
Put 3n – 5r = 10
9 C x18- 2r × -1 r × x - r 5r = 3n – 10
r ( ) 3n
\ r= -2
5
= 9 C r ( x )18 - 3r ( -1)r ...(1)
æ 3n ö
ç -2 ÷
Term will be independent of x when \ Coefficient of x10 = nC (–1)è 5 ø
æ 3n ö
18 – 3r = 0 ç -2 ÷
è 5 ø
r=6
The sum of the coefficient of x5 and x10 = 0
Put r = 6, in [1]
æ 3n ö æ 3n ö
ç -1 ÷ ç -2 ÷
6 9! n
Þ Cæ 3n ( -1)è 5 ø n
+ Cæ 3n (-1)è 5 ø =0
t 7 = 9 C6 ( -1) = = 84 ö
ç -1 ÷
ö
ç -2 ÷
6!3! è 5 ø è 5 ø
26. (a) Given expansion is (1 + x)n. Þ
Put x = 1, we get 3n é ù
Sum of coefficient = 2n. (-1) 5 ê nCæ 3n ö .(-1)-1 + nC æ 3n ö .(-1)( -2) ú = 0
27.
2
(d) We know that, (1 + x)n = nC0 + nCx1 + nC2x +.... + nCnx
n ê ç -1÷ ç -2÷ ú
ë è5 ø è 5 ø û
For x = 1, (1 + 1)n = nC0 + nC1 + nC2 +.... + nCn
n
n Þ - Cæ 3n ö + nCæ 3n ö = 0 ...(ii)
ç -1÷ -2
\ å c(n, r) = 2n è 5 ø
ç
è 5
÷
ø
r=0
28. (b) C (28, 2r) = C (28, 2r – 4) 31. (c) From equation (ii)
28C = 28C
2r 2r–4 n
Þ 2r + 2r – 4 = 28 Cæ 3n ö = n Cæ 3n ö
çè - 2÷ø çè -1ø÷
Þ 4r = 32 5 5
Þr =8 æ 3n ö æ 3n ö
29. (b) (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1 x + nC2 x2 + .... + nCn xn Þ n = çè - 2÷ø + çè - 1ø÷
5 5
Putting x = 1
2n = nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + ...... + nCn éQ nCx = nCy Þ n = x + y ù
ë û
Þ a0 + a1 +.... an = 2n
[here nC0 = a0, nC1 = a1, ...., nCn an] 6n 6n
Þn= -3 Þ -n =3
30. (c) (1 + 2x + x ) = [(x + 1)2]10 = (x + 1)20
2 10 5 5
Number of terms in the expansion of (x + 1)20 n
= 20 + 1 = 21 Þ =3 \ n = 15
5
n 32. (c) For the independent term,
æ 3 1ö
Sol. (31-33) ç x - 2 ÷ put 3n – 5 r = 0 [from eq. (i)]
è x ø Þ 5r = 3n = 3 × 15
r 5r = 3 × 3 × 5
æ 1ö
General term, Tr+1 = nCr ( x3)n–r. ç - 2 ÷ r=9
è x ø Putting the value of r in eq. (i), we get
T9+1 = 15C9. (–1)9 . x(3 × 15 – 5 × 9)
= n Cr .x (3n - 3r) .( -1)r . x -2r
Þ T10 = –15C9. x0 = – 15C9
= n Cr .(-1)r . x (3n–5r) ...(i) éQ n Cr = n Cn - r ù
Þ T10 = – 15C6 ë û
 EBD_7346
M-118 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

-15! é n n! ù p 6
= êQ C r = ú æ 3 + iö i
r!(n - r)!û \ ç = (e 3 )6 = ei2p cos 2p + i sin 2p
6!9! ë ÷
è 3 - iø
= – 5005
33. (a) n = 15 = 1 + 0.i = 1
15 15
æ 3 1 ö æ 2 1ö
Total term in the expansion of ç x - 2 ÷ is 16. 38. (b) çè x + ÷ø
è x ø x
\ middle term = 8th term and 9th term r
æ 1ö
T8 = T(7+1) = 15C7 . (–1)7 . x(3 × 15 – 5 × 7) Tr+1 =
15
Cr (x 2 )15- r ç ÷
= – 15C7 . x10 (from eq. (i)) è xø
T =T = 15C . (–1)8 . x(3×15–5 × 8)
Cr x 30 - 2r - r = 15Crx30–3r
9 (8+1) 8 15
= – 15C8 . x5 (from eq. (ii)) =
The sum of the coefficients of the two middle terms For independent term,
30 – 3r = 0 Þ r = 10
= – 15C7 + 15C8 = – 15C7 + 15C7 . éëQ Cr = Cn–r ùû
n n
Put r = 10, we get
=0 15!
Sol. (34-36) T10+1 = 15C10 =
10!5!
n
Cr 1 15 ´ 14 ´ 13 ´ 12 ´ 11 ´ 10 !
n = = 10 ! ´ 1 ´ 2 ´ 3 ´ 4 ´ 5
= 3003
Cr +1 2
39. (a) For coefficient of x15,
n r + 1 n - r -1 1
= 30 – 3r = 15
r n - r. n 2
Þr =5
r +1 1 \ the coefficient of x15 is 15C5.
= Þ 3r – n + 2 = 0 ...(i) and coefficient of independent of x is
n-r 2
30 – 3r = 0
n
Cr +1 2 Þ r = 10
n =
Cr + 2 3 So, coefficient of independent of x is 15C10.
15 15
n r+2 n-r-2 2 C5 C5
= \ Required ratio = = =1
r + 1 n - r -1 n 3 15
C10 15
C5
r+2
n - r -1 3
2
= Þ 5r – 2n + 8 = 0 ...(ii) (Q n
Cr = n Cn - r )
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get 40. (b) 1. We know that, (a + b)n have total (n + 1) number
n = 14, r = 4 of terms
34. (d)
15
35. (c) æ 2 1ö
So, ç x + ÷ haver 16 terms.
36. (b) P (n, r) : C (n, r) = r = 24 è xø
Hence, Statement 1 is false.
æ 3 + iö 3+i 3+i 2. For coefficient of x12
37. (a) ç ÷ = ×
è 3 - iø 3 -i 3+i 30 – 3r = 12 Þ r = 6 Þ 15C6
and for coefficient of x3,
3 + i2 + 2 3 i 3 - 1 + 2 3i 30 – 3r = 3 Þ r = 9 Þ 15C9
= = 15C = 15C
3-i 2 3 +1 6 9
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
2(1 + 3i) 1 3 41. (c) 1. For coefficient of x2,
= = +i
4 2 2 28
30 – 3r = 2 Þ r = ,r ÏN
p 3
æ p pö i
So, x2 does not exist in the expansion
= ç cos + i sin ÷ = e 3
è 3 3ø Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
Binomial Theorem, Mathematical Induction M-119

2. Now, 5
Þ r = 20 Þ r = 8
15 2
æ 2 1ö 15 æ1ö
çè x + ÷ø = C0 (x 2 )15 +15 C1 (x 2 )14 ç ÷
4 èxø 10 - r
10 æ1ö
Coefficient = Cr ç ÷
15 è 3ø
æ 1ö
+... + 15C15 ç ÷ 10 -8 10 ´ 9 1
è xø
= 10 C8 æç ö÷
1 ´ =5
=
è 3ø 2 9
Put x = 1 both sides, we get
(1 + 1)15 = 15C0 + 15C1 + .... + 15C15
Þ 215 = 15C0 + 15C1 +.... + 15C15 45. (a) (1 + x )2n +1 = ( 2n +1)C0 x 0 + ( 2n +1)C1x1
+ .... + (
2n +1) 2n +1
Hence, Statement 2 is correct C2n +1 ( x )
15 Coefficient of xr = (2n + 1)Cr
æ 1ö
42. (c) Given ç x 2 + ÷ Coefficient of xr + 1 = (2n + 1)Cr+1
è xø
Since, n is odd. ( 2n +1) C = ( 2n +1) Cr + 1
r
So, it has two middle terms T8 and T9.
\ T8 +T9 = 15C7 + 15C8 = 16C8
( 2n + 1)! ( 2n + 1)!
Þ r! 2n + 1 - r ! = r + 1 ! 2n - r !
(Q nCr–1 + nCr = n+1Cr) ( ) ( )( )
1 ( 2n - r )! r!
å n +r
Cn = nC + n + 1C Þ 2n + 1 - r 2n - r ! = r + 1 r!
43. (a, d) n n ( )( ) ( )
r =0
Þ (r + 1) = 2n + 1 – r
(n + 1)! (n + 1) (n!) Þr=n
=1+ =1+ 46. (b) Total no. of terms in the expansion is 2n + 2. The middle
(n + 1 – n )! n! n!
two terms will be nth, (n + 1)th term. So.
=1+ n+1= n+2
( 2n +1) C + ( 2n +1) C
n+2 (n + 2)! Average = n n +1
Cn + 1 = 2
(n + 2 – n – 1)! (n + 1)!
é ( 2n + 1) ! ( 2n + 1) ! ù
(n + 2) (n + 1)! = ê n! n + 1 ! + n + 1 !n!ú / 2
= =n+2 êë ( ) ( ) úû
(n + 1)!
OR ( 2n + 1)!
= = (2n + 1)Cn
1 n!( n + 1) !
å n + r Cn =n Cn + n +1 Cn 47. (c) Sum of all coefficient
r =0
= 1 + (n + 1) = n + 2 = ( 2n +1) C0 + (2n +1)C1 + ....... + (2n +1) C 2n +1
Now,
= (1 + 1)2n +1 = 2(2n + 1) = 2.22n = 2.4n
n+2 ( n + 2 )! ( n + 2 )( n + 1)!
Cl = = = ( n + 2) 48. (c) Coefficient of x1 in [(x – 1) (x – 2) or (x2 –3x + 2)]
l!( n + 2 –1)! ( n +1)! = – 3 = –1 – 2 = – (1 + 2)
\ Option (a and d) is correct. Coefficient of x2 in [(x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) or
44. (a) Let rth term is independent of x. (x3 – 6x2 + 5x – 6)]
Tr = nCr xr yn–r = – 6 = –[1 + 2 + 3].
10 - r Coefficient of x3 in [(x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) (x – 4) or
=
10
Cr ( x )r æçè 3x12 öø÷ = – 10 = – [1 + 2 + 3 + 4]
(x4 –10x3 – 29x2 – 11x + 24)]

10 - r
\ Coefficient of x99 in [(x – 1) (x – 2) ......... (x – 100)]
10 - r
=
10 æ 1ö
Cr ç ÷
è 3ø
. ( )
x
r æ 1ö
çè 2 ø÷
x = – [1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + 100] =
-100(100 + 1)
= – 5050.
2
Equating the coefficient of x to zero.
47
Þ xr/2.x–2(10 – r) = x0 49. (a) C4 + 51C3 + 50C3 + 49C3 + 48C3 + 47C3
r = 47 C3 + 47C4 + 48C3 + 49C3 + 50C3 + 51C3
Þ - 20 + 2r = 0
2
 EBD_7346
M-120 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
48
C4 + 48C3 + 49C3 + 50C3 + 51C3
55. (d) 1.3 + 2.32 + 3.33 + .... + n.3n =
( 2n - 1) 3a + b
4
( nCr + nCr +1 = n+1Cr +1 ) Let us put 3 = x.
L.H.S: S = x + 2x2 + 3x3 + .... + n.xn ....(1)
= 49 C4 + 49C3 + 50C3 + 51C3 xs = x2 + 2x3 + 3x4 + .... + n.xn+1 ....(2)
(1) – (2) Þ S – xS = (x + 2x2 + 3x3 + .... + n.xn) – (x2 + 2x3
= 50 C4 + 50C3 + 51C3 + 3x4 + .... + n.xn+1)
Þ S(1 – x) = x + x2 + x3 + .... + xn – nxn+1
= 51C4 + 51C3

= 52C4 Þ S (1 - x ) =
(
x 1 - xn ) - nx n+1
1- x
50. (a) (7 c + 7c ) + (7 c + 7c ) + .... + (7 c + 7c )
0

We know, n + n
1
n +1
1 2 6 7

ÞS=ç
æ n
( ) ö
æ 1 ö ç - x x - 1 + nx ( x - 1) ÷
n +1

cr cr -1 = Cr
è x - 1÷ø ç x -1 ÷
è ø
= 8c1 + 8c2 + ..... + 8c7
Put x = 3,
(
= 8c0 + 8c1 + 8c2 + ..... + 8c7 + 8c8 - 8c0 + 8c8 ) ( ) n +1
1 æ -3n +1 + 3 + 2n.3n +1 ö æ 3 ( 2n - 1) + 3 ö
= 2 - (1 + 1)
8 ÞS= ç ÷ =ç ÷
2 çè 2 ÷ ç
ø è 4 ÷
ø
éSince, n c + n c + n c + .... + n c = 2 n ù
ë 0 1 2 n û 4
55. (b) z- = 2. .
= 256 – 2 z
= 254 We know |a – b| ³ |a| – |b|
51. (b) (x – y)n , n ³ 5
4 4
General term, Tr + 1 = n c r x n -r ( - y ) .
r \ z- ³ z-
z z
T5 + T6 = 0
4 2
Þ2³ z - Þ z -2 z -4£ 0
Þ ëêé n c 4 x
4ù
+ én x
n -4 n -5 5ù
( -y ) ûú ëê c5
( - y) ûú
=0 z

Þ n c4 x n - 4 y4 - n c5 x n -5 y5 = 0
2 ± 4 - 4 (1)( -4 ) 2 ± 20 2 ± 2 5
Þ z = = = = 1± 5
Þ n c4 x n -4 4
y = n c5 x n -5 5
y 2 (1) 2 2

So, z = 1 + 5 .
x n - 4 - n + 5 n c5 x n! 4!( n - 4) !
Þ = = ´ 56. (b) n Î N,
y n c 4 Þ y 5!( n - 5)! n!
121n – 25n + 1900n – (–4n)
Let us substitute n = 1
4! ( n - 4 ) ( n - 5 ) ! n-4 We get, (121)1 – (25)1 + (1900)1 – (–41)
= =
5 ´ 4! ( n - 5 ) ! 5 = 121 – 25 + 1900 + 4
= 2025 – 25
52. (c) (x + a)100 + (x – a)100 = 2000
Simple logic is we get n c0 , n c 2 , n c 4 .... n C100 in this So, given expression is divisible by 2000
expansion. 57. (b) Given, in the expansion g (1 + x)43, coefficients of
(2r + 1)th term and (r + 2)th term are equal.
The number of terms from n c0 to n c are 51
100 Coefficient of (2r + 1)th term = n C2r
n 1 n
53. (b) Sum of odd terms of expansion ( a + b ) is .2 . Coefficient of (r + 2)th term = nCr +1
2
n C2r = nCr +1
50 1
\ Sum of odd terms of expansion (1 + x ) is .250.
2 Þ 43C2r = 43Cr +1 (Q n = 43)
= 2–1 . 250 = 249.
Binomial Theorem, Mathematical Induction M-121

Þ 2r + r + 1 = 43 th
æn ö
Þ 3r + 1 = 43 = çè + 1÷ø term, if n is even
2
Þ 3r + 42 Þ r = 14
Here n = 4
58. (b) (1 + a)m+n
th
m+ n æ4 ö
a = coefficient of am = Cm \ Middle term is çè + 1ø÷ = 3rd term
2
b = coefficient of an = m+n 2 2
Cn 4c2 × 2 × 3 = 6 × 4 × 9
= 216
We know, n Cr = n Cn - r 2n
62. (c) a = Cn
m+n m+ n m+n b= 2n–1
\b = Cn = Cm + n - n = Cm = a Cn
\a=b g =2n–1 C n–1
59. (c) We know, in the expansion of (x + y) n + (x – y)n, of b + g =2n–1Cn + 2n–1Cn–1 = 2nCn = a
n 63. (b) Given, C (20, n + 2) = C (20, n – 2)
n = even, then number of non zero terms is +1 Þ 20Cn+2 = 20Cn–2
2
Þ 20 = n + 2 + n – 2 (Q ncr = ncs Þ n = r + s)
n +1 Þ 20 = 2n
n = odd, then number of non zero terms in .
2 Þ n = 10
Here, n = 11 which is odd. 64. (b) [(2x – 3y)2 (2x + 3y)2]2
11 + 1 = [(4x2 – 9y2)2]2 = (4x2 – 9y2)4
\ number of non zero terms = =6. \ Number of terms = 4 + 1 = 5
2
65. (b) The first three terms in expansion of (1 + ax)n are
60. (d) C(n, r) + 2C(n, r – 1) + C(n, r – 2) n
C0, nC1ax, nC2a2 x2
= n Cr + 2 ( n
)
Cr -1 + n Cr - 2 Given, nC0 = 1; nC1 ax = 12x; nC2 a2x2 = 64x2
n(n - 1) 2
= n Cr + n Cr -1 + n Cr -1 + n Cr - 2 Þ nax = 12x; a = 64
2

(Q n
Cr + n Cr -1 = n +1
Cr ) Þ na = 12 Þ a =
12
n +1 n +1
n
= Cr + Cr -1
n(n - 1) 2 n(n - 1) 144
= n +2
Cr \ a = 64 Þ ´ 2 = 64
2 2 n
= C(n + 2, r)
n - 1 64 ´ 2 8
61. (d) Middle term in the expansion of (x + y)n Þ = =
n 144 9
th
æ n + 1ö \n=9
= çè ÷ term, if n is odd
2 ø
 EBD_7346
M-122 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Permutation and
Combination 6
1. How many 3-digit numbers, each less than 600, can be 7. Assertion (A) : The number of selections of 20 distinct things
formed from {1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9} if repetition of digits is allowed? taken 8 at a time is same as that taken 12 at a time.
(a) 216 (b) 180 Reason (R): C (n, r) = C(n, s), if n = r + s
(c) 144 (d) 120 [2006-I] 8. If the letters of the word BAZAR are arranged in dictionary
2. There are four chairs with two chairs in each row. In how order, then what is the 50th word? [2006-II]
many ways can four persons be seated on the chairs, so (a) ZAABR (b) ZBAAR
that no chair remains unoccupied ? (c) ZBRAA (d) ZAARB
(a) 6 (b) 12 9. In how many ways can 7 persons stand in the form of a
(c) 24 (d) 48 [2006-I] ring? [2006-II]
3. In how many ways can the letters of the word (a) P (7, 2) (b) 7 !
CORPORATION be arranged so that vowels always occupy
even places ? 7!
(c) 6 ! (d)
(a) 120 (b) 2700 2
(c) 720 (d) 7200 [2006-I] 10. In how many ways can be letters of the word ‘CABLE’ be
4. If all permutations of the letters of the word 'LAGAN' are arranged so that the vowels should always occupy odd
arranged as in dictionary, then what is the rank of 'NAAGL'? positions? [2007-I]
(a) 48th word (b) 49th word (a) 12 (b) 18
(c) 50th word (d) 51st word [2006-I] (c) 24 (d) 36
5. If a secretary and a joint secretary are to be selected from a
committee of 11 members, then in how many ways can they (n + 2)!+ (n + 1) (n - 1)!
11. What is equal to ? [2007-II]
be selected ? (n + 1) (n - 1)!
(a) 110 (b) 55 (a) 1
(c) 22 (d) 11 [2006-I] (b) Always an odd integer
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 6 to 7) : The following questions consist of (c) A perfect square
two statements, one labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other (d) None of the above
as 'Reason (R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully 12. A meeting is to be addressed by 5 speakers A, B, C, D, E. In
and select the answers. how many ways can the speakers be ordered, if B must not
precede A (immediately or otherwise) ? [2007-II]
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct (a) 120 (b) 24
explanation of A. (c) 60 (d) 54 × 4
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct
13. On a railway route there are 20 stations. What is the number
explanation of A. of different tickets required in order that it may be possible
(c) A is true but R is false. to travel from every station to every other station?
(d) A is false but R is true. [2006-II]
[2007-II]
6. Assertion (A) : The number of triangles that can be formed
(a) 40 (b) 380
by joining the mid-points of any three adjacent faces of a
(c) 400 (d) 420
cube is 20.
14. What is the number of five-digit numbers formed with 0, 1,
Reason (R) : If there are n points on a plane and none of
2, 3, 4 without any repetition of digits? [2008-I]
them are collinear, then the number of triangles that can be
(a) 24 (b) 48
formed is C (n, 3).
(c) 96 (d) 120
Permutation and Combination M-123

15. A group consists of 5 men and 5 women. If the number of 27. What is the number of ways of arranging the letters of the
different five-person committees containing k men and word ‘BANANA’ so that no two N’s appear together?
(5–k) women is 100, what is the value of k ? [2008-I] [2010-I]
(a) 2 only (b) 3 only (a) 40 (b) 60
(c) 2 or 3 (d) 4 (c) 80 (d) 100
16. If 7 points out of 12 are in the same straight line, then what 28. What is the number of three-digit odd numbers formed by
is the number of triangles formed ? [2008-I] using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 if repetition of digits is allowed?
(a) 84 (b) 175 [2010-I]
(c) 185 (d) 201 (a) 60 (b) 108
17. In how many ways can 3 books on Hindi and 3 books on (c) 120 (d) 216
English be arranged in a row on a shelf, so that not all the 29. A team of 8 players is to be chosen from a group of 12
Hindi books are together? [2008-II] players. Out of the eight players one is to be elected as
(a) 144 (b) 360 captain and another vice-captain. In how many ways can
(c) 576 (d) 720 this be done? [2010-I]
18. How many words, with or without meaning can be formed (a) 27720 (b) 13860
by using all the letters of the word ‘MACHINE’, so that the (c) 6930 (d) 495
vowels occurs only the odd positions? [2008-II] 30. What is the number of words that can be formed from the
(a) 1440 (b) 720 letters of the word ‘UNIVERSAL’, the vowels remaining
(c) 640 (d) 576 always together? [2010-II]
19. From 7 men and 4 women a committee of 6 is to be formed (a) 720 (b) 1440
such that the committee contains at least two women. What (c) 17280 (d) 21540
is the nubmer of ways to do this? [2008-II] 31. What is the number of signals that can be sent by 6 flags of
(a) 210 (b) 371 different colours taking one or more at a time? [2010-II]
(c) 462 (d) 5544 (a) 21 (b) 63
20. If P(32, 6) = kC (32, 6), then what is the value of k? [2009-I] (c) 720 (d) 1956
(a) 6 (b) 32 32. In how many ways can a committee consisting of 3 men and
2 women be formed from 7 men and 5 women? [2010-II]
(c) 120 (d) 720
(a) 45 (b) 350
21. What is the smallest natural number n such that n! is divisible
by 990? [2009-I] (c) 700 (d) 4200
(a) 9 (b) 11 33. What is the total number of combination of n
(c) 33 (d) 99 different things taken 1, 2, 3, ...., n at a time? [2011-I]
22. What is the value of r, if P(5, r) = P(6, r – 1)? [2009-I] (a) 2n + 1 (b) 22n + 1
(a) 9 (b) 5 (c) 2 n – 1 (d) 2n – 1
(c) 4 (d) 2 34. 5 books are to be chosen from a lot of 10 books. If m is the
23. What is the number of words formed from the letters of the number of ways of choice when one specified book is always
word ‘JOKE’ so that the vowels and consonants alternate? included and n is the number of ways of choice when a
[2009-I] specified book is always excluded, then which one of the
(a) 4 (b) 8 following is correct? [2011-I]
(a) m > n (b) m = n
(c) 12 (d) None of these
(c) m = n – 1 (d) m = n – 2
24. If C (n, 12) = C (n, 8), then what is the value of C (22, n)?
[2009-II] 35. In how many ways 6 girls can be seated in two chairs?
(a) 131 (b) 231 [2011-I]
(c) 256 (d) 292 (a) 10 (b) 15
25. In a football championship 153 matches were played. Every (c) 24 (d) 30
team played one match with each other team. How many 36. What is the value of n, if P(15, n – 1) : P(16, n – 2)
teams participated in the championship? [2009-II] = 3 : 4? [2011-I]
(a) 21 (b) 18 (a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 17 (d) 15 (c) 14 (d) 15
26. How many times does the digit 3 appear while writing the 37. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only once, how many numbers
integers from 1 to 1000? [2009-II] greater than 41000 can be formed? [2011-I]
(a) 269 (b) 308 (a) 41 (b) 48
(c) 300 (d) None of these (c) 50 (d) 55
 EBD_7346
M-124 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
38. A, B, C, D and E are coplanar points and three of them lie in (a) 354 (b) 348
a straight line. What is the maximum number of triangles (c) 288 (d) None of these
that can be drawn with these points as their vertices? 50. Let A = {x, y, z}and B = {p, q, r, s}. What is the number of
[2011-I] distinct relations from B to A? [2015-I]
(a) 5 (b) 9 (a) 4096 (b) 4094
(c) 10 (d) 12 (c) 128 (d) 126
39. There are 4 candidates for the post of a lecturer in 51. If different words are formed with all the letters of the word
'AGAIN' and are arranged alphabetically among themselves as
Mathematics and one is to be selected by votes of 5 men.
in a dictionary, the word at the 50th place will be [2015-II]
What is the number of ways in which the votes can be (a) NAAGI (b) NAAIG
given? [2011-II] (c) IAAGN (d) IAANG
(a) 1048 (b) 1072 52. The number of ways in which a cricket team of 11 players be
(c) 1024 (d) 625 chosen out of a batch of 15 players so that the captain of
the team is always included, is [2015-II]
n P ( n, r )
40. What is the value of å ? [2011-II] (a) 165 (b) 364
r =1 r! (c) 1001 (d) 1365
53. A polygon has 44 diagonals. The number of its sides is
(a) 2n – 1 (b) 2n
[2015-II]
(c) 2n – 1 (d) 2n + 1 (a) 11 (b) 10
41. What is the number of ways that 4 boys and 3 girls can be (c) 8 (d) 7
seated so that boys and girls alternate? [2012-I] 54. The number of ways in which 3 holiday tickets can be given
(a) 12 (b) 72 to 20 employees of an organization if each employee is
(c) 120 (d) 144 eligible for any one or more of the tickets, is [2015-II]
42. The number of permutations that can be formed from all the (a) 1140 (b) 3420
letters of the word ‘BASEBALL’ is: [2012-II] (c) 6840 (d) 8000
(a) 540 (b) 1260 55. The number of 3-digit even numbers that can be formed
(c) 3780 (d) 5040 from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, repetition of digits being
43. If P(77, 31) = x and C (77, 31) = y, then which one of the not allowed, is [2015-II]
following is correct? [2013-I] (a) 60 (b) 56
(a) x = y (b) 2x = y (c) 52 (d) 48
(c) 77x = 31 y (d) x > y 56. What is the number of ways in which 3 holiday travel tickets
44. In how many ways can the letters of the word ‘GLOOMY’ are to be given to 10 employees of an organization, if each
be arranged so that the two O’s should not be together? employee is eligible for any one or more of the tickets?
[2016-I]
[2013-I]
(a) 60 (b) 120
(a) 240 (b) 480
(c) 500 (d) 1000
(c) 600 (d) 720
57. What is the number of four-digit decimal numbers (<1) in
45. Out of 7 consonants and 4 vowels, words are to be formed
which no digit is repeated? [2016-I]
by involving 3 consonants and 2 vowels. The number of (a) 3024 (b) 4536
such words formed is : [2014-I] (c) 5040 (d) None of the above
(a) 25200 (b) 22500 58. What is the number of different messages that can be
(c) 10080 (d) 5040 represented by three 0’s and two 1’s? [2016-I]
46. How many different words can be formed by taking four (a) 10 (b) 9
letters out of the letters of the word 'AGAIN' if each word (c) 8 (d) 7
has to start with A ? [2014-I]
59. Out of 15 points in a plane, n points are in the same straight
(a) 6 (b) 12
line. 445 triangles can be formed by joining these points.
(c) 24 (d) None of the above What is the value of n? [2016-II]
47. What is the number of ways in which one can post 5 letters
(a) 3 (b) 4
in 7 letters boxes ? [2014-II]
(c) 5 (d) 6
(a) 7 5 (b) 35
60. A five-digit number divisible by 3 is to be formed using the
(c) 57 (d) 2520 digits 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 without repetition of digits. What is the
48. What is the number of ways that a cricket team of 11 players number of ways this can be done? [2016-II]
can be made out of 15 players ? [2014-II] (a) 96 (b) 48
(a) 364 (b) 1001 (c) 32 (d) No number can be formed
(c) 1365 (d) 32760 61. What is the number of odd integers between 1000 and 9999
49. How many words can be formed using all the letters of the with no digit repeated? [2016-II]
word ‘NATION’ so that all the three vowels should never (a) 2100 (b) 2120
come together? [2015-I] (c) 2240 (d) 3331
Permutation and Combination M-125

62. The number of different words (eight-letter words) ending 69. The total number of 5-digit numbers that can be composed
and beginning with a consonant which can be made out of of distinct digits from 0 to 9 is [2018-II]
the letters of the word 'EQUATION' is [2017-I] (a) 45360 (b) 30240
(a) 5200 (b) 4320
(c) 27216 (d) 15120
(c) 3000 (d) 2160
70. What is the sum of all three-digit numbers that can be
63. How many different permutations can be made out of the formed using all the digits 3, 4 and 5, when repetition of
letters of the word 'PERMUTATION'? [2017-II] digits is not allowed? [2018-II]
(a) 19958400 (b) 19954800
(a) 2664 (b) 3882
(c) 19952400 (d) 39916800
64. A tea party is arranged for 16 people along two sides of a (c) 4044 (d) 4444
long table with eight chairs on each side. Four particular 71. Three dice having digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 on their faces are
men wish to sit on one particular side and two particular marked I, II and III and rolled. Let x, y and z represent the
men on the other side. The number of ways they can be number on die-I die-II and die -III respectively. What is the
seated is [2017-II] number of possible outcomes such that x > y > z?
(a) 24 × 8! × 8! (b) (81)3 [2018-II]
(c) 210 × 8! × 8! (d) 16! (a) 14 (b) 16
65. How many numbers between 100 an 1000 can be formed (c) 18 (d) 20
with the digits 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, if the repetition of digits is not 72. There are 10 points in a plane. No three of these points are
allowed? [2018-I] in a straight line. What is the total number of straight lines
(a) 35 (b) 53 which can be formed by joining the points? [2019-I]
(c) 120 (d) 60 (a) 90 (b) 45
66. How many four-digit numbers divisible by 10 can be formed (c) 40 (d) 30
using 1, 5, 0, 6, 7 without repetition of digits? [2018-I] 73. From 6 programmers and 4 typists, an ofûce wants to recruit
(a) 24 (b) 36 5 people. What is the number of ways this can be done so
(c) 44 (d) 64 as to recruit at least one typist ? [2019-I]
67. What is the number of triangles that can be formed by (a) 209 (b) 210
choosing the vertices from a set of 12 points in a plane, (c) 246 (d) 242
seven of which lie on the same straight line? [2018-I] 74. How many three-digit even numbers can be formed using
(a) 185 (b) 175 the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 when repetition of digits is not
(c) 115 (d) 105 allowed ? [2019-I]
68. There are 17 cricket players, out of which 5 players can bowl. (a) 36 (b) 30
In how many ways can a team of 11 players be selected so as (c) 24 (d) 12
to include 3 bowlers? [2018-II]
(a) C (17, 11) (b) C (12, 8)
(c) C(17, 5) × (5, 3) (d) C(5, 3) × C(12, 8)

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 9 (c) 17 (c) 25 (b) 33 (d) 41 (d) 49 (c) 57 (b) 65 (d) 73 (c)
2 (c) 10 (d) 18 (d) 26 (c) 34 (b) 42 (d) 50 (a) 58 (a) 66 (a) 74 (d)
3 (d) 11 (c) 19 (b) 27 (a) 35 (d) 43 (d) 51 (b) 59 (c) 67 (a)
4 (b) 12 (b) 20 (d) 28 (b) 36 (c) 44 (a) 52 (c) 60 (d) 68 (d)
5 (b) 13 (b) 21 (b) 29 (a) 37 (b) 45 (a) 53 (a) 61 (c) 69 (c)
6 (a) 14 (c) 22 (c) 30 (c) 38 (b) 46 (c) 54 (d) 62 (b) 70 (a)
7 (a) 15 (c) 23 (b) 31 (b) 39 (d) 47 (a) 55 (c) 63 (a) 71 (d)
8 (d) 16 (c) 24 (b) 32 (b) 40 (a) 48 (c) 56 (d) 64 (c) 72 (b)
 EBD_7346
M-126 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Three digit number less then 600 will have first element
20 20!
100, and last element 599. First place will not have digit C8 =
more than 6, hence, 7 and 9 can not be taken : So, first 12!8!
digit can be selected in 4 ways. Second digit can be and selecting 12 out of 20 is
selected in 6 ways and since repetition of digits are
20 20!
allowed, third digit can also be selected in 6 ways : C12 =
12!8!
So, number of ways are 4 × 6 × 6 = 144.
2. (c) First chair can be occupied in 4 ways and second chair Thus, both 20
C8 and 20
C12 are same.
can be occupied in 3 ways, third chair can be occupied
in 2 ways and last chair can be occupied in one ways Þ Both A and R are individually true and R is correct
only. So total number of ways = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24 explanation of A.
3. (d) CORPORATION is 11 letter word. 8. (d) With A at first place, rest 4 places will be arranged in 4!
It has 5 vowels (O, O, O, A, I) and 6 consonants (C, R, ways so, Number of words begin with A = 4! = 24 Similarly
P, R, T, N) with B at first place,
In 11 letters, there are 5 even places (2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th 4!
and 10th positions) Number of words begin with B = = 12
2!
5! [As there are two As]
5 vowels can take 5 even places in ways
3!
4!
(Q Since O is repeated thrice) Number of words begin with R = = 12
2!
6! Thus, 48 words have starting letter A, B and R.
Similarly, 6 consonasts can take 6 odd places in
2! So, 49th word will be ZAABR and 50th word will be
ways. ZAARB.
(Q R is repeated twice) 9. (c) Number of ways in which 7 persons can stand in the
form of a ring = (7 – 1) ! = 6!
5! 6!
\ Total number of ways = ´ = 20 × 360 = 7200 10. (d) There are two vowels A and E. There are total 5 places
3! 2!
out of which two places are to be occupied by vowels.
4. (b) Starting with the letter A and arranging the other four So, 3 places can be occupied by 2 vowels in 3P2 ways
letters, there are 24 words. There are the first 24 words. and after two vowels occupy two places, 3 consonants
Then starting with G that comes next in dictionary order will occupy 3 places in 3P3 = 3 ! way, hence,
and arranging A, A, L, N in different ways, there are Required number of ways = 3P2 × 3 ! = 6 × 6 = 36
4! 11. (c) Given expression is :
= 12 words. Next the 37th word starts with L, that
2!
(n + 2)!+ (n + 1)!(n - 1)!
comes next in dictionary order there are 12 words = x (let)
starting with L. This accounts up to the 48 words. The (n + 1)!(n - 1)!
49th word is 'NAAGL'
(n + 2)(n + 1)n(n - 1)!+ (n + 1)(n - 1)!
5. (b) Selection of 2 members out of 11 has 11C2 number of Þ x=
ways (n + 1)(n - 1)!
11C = 55
2 = (n + 2)n + 1= n 2 + 2n + 1 = (n + 1)2
6. (a) Number of faces in a cube = 6 Which is a perfect square.
Number of triangles formed by joining mid points of 12. (b) According to given restriction:
faces is selection of three points from 6 points = 6 C3 B must not precede A (immediately or otherwise),
Þ A must follow B, i.e., B should addressed the meeting
6! at first place
= = 20
3!3! So, rest of the four speakers can address in 4! ways.
Hence , both A and R are individually true and R is \ Required number of ways = 4! = 24
correct explanation of A. 13. (b) From each railway station, there are 19 different tickets
7. (a) Number of selection of 20 distinct things taken 8 at a
to be issued. There are 20 railway station
time is given by
So, total number of tickets = 20 × 19 = 380.
Permutation and Combination M-127

14. (c) To make a 5 digit number, 0 can not come in the bagining. Now assume, n = 11
So, it can be filled in 4 ways. Rest of the places can be Since 11! = 39916800
filled in 4! ways. So total number of digit formed = 4 × 4! which is divisible by 990.
= 4 × 24 = 96 Thus, required smallest natural number 11
15. (c) K men selected out of 5 and 5 – k women out of 5. 22. (c) Given P(5, r) = P(6, r – 1)
These are 5Ck and 5C5–k 5
According to problem :
Þ Pr = 6 Pr -1
5C × 5C
k 5–k = 100 5! 6!
Þ =
5! 5! (5 - r )! (6 – r + 1)!
Þ ´ = 100
k!(5 – k)! (5 – k)!5!
5! 6!
Þ =
æ 5 ö
2 (5 - r )! (7 – r )!
Þç ÷ = 100
è k!(5 – k)! ø 5! 6 ´ 5!
Þ =
(5 - r )! (7 – r )(6 - r )(5 - r )!
5!
Þ = 10 Þ (7 – r)(6 – r) = 6
k!(5 – k)!
Þ 42 – 13r + r2 = 6
This is true for k = 2 or 3.
Þ r2 – 13r + 36 = 0
16. (c) Number of triangles formed from 12 point = 12 Þ r2 – 9r – 4r + 36 = 0
C3
Since 7 parts are collinear, then 7C triangles will not Þ (r – 9)(r – 4) = 0
3
be formed so. Þ r = 4 (Q r ¹ 9)
= 12C3 – 7C3 23. (b) Total number of letters = 4
No. of vowels = 2
12! 7! 12.11.10 7.6.5
= – = – No. of consonants = 2
3!9! 3!4! 3.2.1 3.2.1 Possibilities of words formed from the letters of word
= 220 – 35 = 185 “JOKE” are
17. (c) Total number of arrangement = 6! = 720 JOKE, KOJE, KEJO, JEKO, EJOK, EKOJ, OKEJ, OJEK
Total number of arrangement while all the Thus, required number of words = 8
Hindi books are together = 4! × 3! = 24 × 6 = 144 24. (b) Given C (n, 12) = C (n, 8)
\ The number of ways, in which books are arranged, Þ nC12 = nC8
while all the Hindi books are not together
= 720 – 144 = 576 n! n!
Þ =
18. (d) There are three vowels and they have four odd places ( n – 12)!12! ( n – 8)!8!
to arrange. Other letters are four and has four places to
1
arrange. Þ
(n – 12)!(12 ´ 11´ 10 ´ 9 ´ 8!)
\ The number of words = 4P3 × 4!
4! 1
´ 4! = 576 =
= ( n – 8)( n – 9)( n – 10)( n – 11)( n – 12)!8!
(4 - 3)!
19. (b) The required number of ways 1 1
Þ =
11 7 4 7 4 12×11×10×9 (n–8)(n–9)(n–10)(n–11)
= C6 - ( C6 ´ C 0 + C5 ´ C1 )
Þ (n – 8) (n – 9) (n – 10) (n – 11)
11 ´ 10 ´ 9 ´ 8 ´ 7 æ 7´6 ö = 12 × 11 × 10 × 9
= - ç7 + ´ 4÷
5´ 4´ 3´ 2 è 2 ø Þ n – 8 = 12, n – 9 = 11, n – 10 = 10 and n – 11 = 9
= 462 – (7 + 84) = 371 Þ n = 20
20. (d) Since 32P6 = k 32C6 Þ C (22, n) = 22C20
32! 32! 22! 22 ´ 21
Þ (32 - 6)! = k . 6!(32 - 6)! = = = 231
2!20! 2
Þ k = 6! = 720 25. (b) Let total no. of team participated in a championship be n.
21. (b) Consider option ‘a’ Since, every team played one match with each other
Let us take n = 9 team.
Since, 9! = 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 362880 n!
\ nC2 = 153 Þ = 153
which is not divisible by 990. 2!(n – 2)!
 EBD_7346
M-128 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

n( n – 1)( n – 2)! Then, number of ways to arrange them = 6! = 720

n(n –1)
Þ = 153 Þ = 153 But vowels can also arranged in 4! or 24 ways.
2!( n – 2)! 2 Hence, total number of ways = 720 × 24 = 17280
Þ n(n – 1) = 306 31. (b) Required number of ways
Þ n2 – n – 306 = 0
Þ n2 – 18n + 17n – 306 = 0 6C0 + 6C1 + 6C2 + ...... + 6 C6 - 1 = 26 – 1 = 64 – 1= 63
Þ n (n – 18) + 17 (n – 18) = 0 32. (b) Total no. of Men = 7
Þ n = 18, – 17
Total no. of women = 5
n cannot be negative
Required number of ways = 7C3 × 5C2
\ n ¹ – 17
Þ n = 18 7! 5! 7´ 6´5 5´ 4
26. (c) Before 1000 there are one digit, two digits and three = ´ = ´
3!4! 2!3! 3´ 2 2
digits numbers.
= 7× 5× 10 = 35× 10 = 350
Numbers of times 3 appear in one digit number = 20×9
Number of times 3 appear in two digit numbers = 11×9 33. (d) Since, combinations of taking 1, 2, 3, ......... , n things at
a times are nC1, nC2, ........ , nCn.
Number of times 3 appear in three digit numbers = 21
Hence total number of times the digit 3 appear while \ Total number of combinations
writing the integers from 1 to 1000 = nC1 + nC2 + ........ + nCn
= 180 + 99 + 21 = 300 = 1 + nC1 + nC2 + ........ + nCn – 1
27. (a) Total no. of letters in BANANA = 6 = 2n – 1
No. of repeated letter N = 2 34. (b) Number of ways when one specified book is always
No. of repeated letter A = 2 included. So, 4 books can be chosen from remaining 9
Therefore ways:
Number of ways that can be formed by using the words = m = 9C4
6! 6 ´ 5 ´ 4 ´ 3! Þ m = 126
‘BANANA’ = = = 60 and number of ways when one specified book is al-
3!2! 3! ´ 2!
ways excluded = n = 9C5
Number of ways in which two N comes together Þ n = 126
5! Þm=n
= = 20
3! 35. (d) Required number of ways = 6 × 5 = 30
\ Required number of ways = 60 – 20 = 40 36. (c) Let P (15, n – 1) : P (16, n – 2) = 3 : 4
28. (b) Total no. of digits = 6
15
To form a odd numbers we have only 3 choice for the Pn -1 3
Þ =
unit digits. 16 4
Pn - 2
Now, Extreme left place can be filled in 6 ways the middle
15! (16 - n + 2)! 3
place can be filled in 6 ways. Þ ´ =
\ Required number of numbers = 6 × 6 × 3 = 108 (15 - n + 1)! 16! 4
29. (a) Total no. of players = 12 15! (18 - n)! 3
No. of chosen players = 8 Þ ´ =
(16 - n)! 16! 4
Number of ways to choose 8 players from 12 players
(18 - n)! 3
12! 12 ´ 11 ´10 ´ 9 ´ 8! Þ =
= 12C8 = = = 495 16 (16 - n)! 4
8!4! 8!4!
Since, out of the 8 players 1 is to be elected as captain (18 - n) (17 - n) (16 - n)! 3
Þ =
and another vice-captain 16(16 - n)! 4
Therefore number of ways to choose a captain and a Þ (18 – n) (17 – n) = 12
vice-captain
Þ 306 – 17n – 18n + n2 = 12
= 8 C1 ´ 7C1 = 8 ´ 7 = 56 (Q nC1 = n) Þ n2 – 35n + 294 = 0
Þ (n – 14) (n – 21) = 0
Hence, required number of ways = 495 × 56 = 27720 Þ n = 14 (Q n ¹ 21)
30. (c) Consider the word UNIVERSAL 37. (b) We have to construct 5 digit numbers which are greater
Total no. of vowels = U, I, E, A = 4 than 41000.
Let us consider these as a single letter. So, we have only 2 ways to choose 5th digit.
UIEA N V R S L
Then, total no. of letters = 6
Permutation and Combination M-129

th th rd nd st 45. (a) Number of words = 5! × 7C3 × 4C2

5 4 3 2 1
7! 4!
= 120 × ´ = 25200
4!3! 2!2!
46. (c) As ‘A’ must be first letter of each word.
[Q Only 4 or 5 can come at 5th place] Total number of words = 4! = 24
Thus, for 4th place we have 4 ways to choose digits. 47. (a) First letter can be put any 7 letters boxes = 7 ways
For 3rd place we have 3 ways. Similarly, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th letters be put in 7 ways
each, respectively
For 2nd place we have 2 ways.
\ 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7= 75
and for unit place we have only 1 way. 48. (c) Number of ways that a cricket team of 11 players can
Required number of ways = 2 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 48
15!
38. (b) Number of triangles using 5 points out of three are on be made out of 15 players = 15C11 = 11! 4!
5! 5´4
a straight line = 5C3 – 3C3 = -1 = -1 15 ´ 14 ´ 13 ´ 12 ´ 11!
3!2! 2 = = 1365
= 10 – 1 = 9 11! ´ 1 ´ 2 ´ 3 ´ 4
39. (d) There are 4 candidates.
49. (c) The given word is ‘NATION’.
This means there are 4 blank spaces for 1 post. Total number of words that can be formed from given
Now, that 1 post is to be selected by votes of 5 men. word ‘NATION’
So, All 4 places can be fill by each man’s votes. 6! 6 ´ 5 ´ 4 ´ 3 ´ 2!
\ There is 5 ways for 1 place.. = = = 360
2! 2!
Hence, Required ways
Now numbers of words that can be formed from given
= 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 625 (Q we have 4 places). word ‘NATION’, so that all vowels never come together.
n
P ( n, r ) n
é 3! ù
40. (a) Consider å r!
º å C ( n, r ) = 360 – ê 4! ´ ú = 360 – [24 × 3]
r =1 r =1 ë 2!û
Now, consider = 360 – 72 = 288
\ Option (c) is correct.
(1 + 1)n = nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + ........ + nCn
Þ 2n = 1 + nC1 + nC2 + ........ + nCn 50. (a) A = {x, y, z}
B = (p, q, r, s)
Þ 2n – 1 = nC1 + nC2 + ........ + nCn n(A) = 3
n n P ( n, r ) n(B) = 4
å
Þ 2n – 1 = r = 1
n
Cr º å r!
\ Number of distinct relations
r =1 = 2n(A) × n(B) = 23 × 4 = 212 = 4096
\ option (a) is correct.
41. (d) B G B G B G B
Required no. of ways = 4! × 3! = 144 51. (b) First two words
no. of words form
42. (d) There are total 8 letters in the word BASEBALL, in ( according to dictionary )
which we have 2 B’s, 2A’s and 2 L’s.
AA - - - 3! = 6
8!
\ Required No. of permutations = AG - - - 3! = 6
2! ´ 2! ´ 2!
AI - - - 3! = 6
8 ´ 7 ´ 6 ´ 5 ´ 4 ´ 3´ 2 ´1 AN - - - 3! = 6
= = 5040
8 GA - - - 3! = 6
43. (d) As we know
GI - - - 3!/ 2! = 3
P(n, r) = r! C (n, r)
GN - - - 3!/ 2! = 3
\ From the question, we have
IA - - - 3! = 6
x = r ! (y)
Here r = 31 IG - - - 3!/ 2! = 3
\ x = (31)!. y ® x > y IN - - - 3!/ 2! = 3
NA - - - 3! = 6
6!
44. (a) - 5! = 240 total = 54
2!
it means 50th word will be starting with ‘NA’.
 EBD_7346
M-130 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

th
Þ nC = 10
3
N A A G I (49 place) 3C = 1 ; 4C = 4; 5C = 10
th 3 3 3
NA N A A I G (50 place)
th Þ n=5
N A G A I (51 place)
th 60. (d) Since sum of digits = 10 (which is not divisible by 3)
N A G I A (52 place)
th \ No numbers can be formed.
N A I A G (53 place) 61. (c) Case I
th
N A I G A (54 place) When unit digit can be 1, 3, 5 or 7 & digit at thousand’s
place can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
52. (c) If captain is always included then we can choose 10 No. of ways digits can be filled are:
more players out of the remaining 14 players. So
14!
7874
14
C10 = = 1001 Total no’s = 7 × 8 × 7 × 4 = 1568.
10!4!
53. (a) No. of diagonals in a polygen = nC2 – n Case II
When unit digit can be 9 & digit at thousand’s place
Þ 44 = nC2 - n can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
n! No. of ways digits can be filled are:
Þ 44 = -n
2!( n - 2 ) ! 88 71
Total no’s = 8 × 8 × 7 × 1 = 448.
n ( n - 1)
Þ 44 = -n Case III
2 When unit digit can be 1, 3, 5 or 7 & digit at thousand’s
n ( n - 3) place can be 9.
Þ 44 = No. of ways digits can be filled are:
2
Þ n2 – 3n – 88 = 0 18 7 4
Þ (n – 11) (n + 8) = 0
Total no’s = 1 × 8 × 7 × 4 = 224.
n¹–8
n = 11 \ Number of odd digits between 1000 & 9999 with no
digit repeated = 1568 + 448 + 224
54. (d) Q Each employee is eligible for 1 or more of the tickets.
= 2240.
\ No. of ways = 20 × 20 × 20 = 8000.
62. (b) EQUATION – 8 letters.
55. (c) No. of digits to be filled at one’s place = 3 Consonants – Q, T, N – 3 letters.
No. of digits to be filled at 10’s place = 5 first letter of 8 – letter word can be any of 3 consonants
No. of digits to be filled at 100’s place = 4 Last letter of 8 – letter word can be remaining 2
\ Total no. of digits formed = 3 × 5 × 4 = 60 consonants.
If zero is at 100’s place; The middle 6 – letters can be arranged in 6! ways.
Then; no. of digits to be filled at one’s place = 2 So, number of different words = 3 × 2 × 6!
& no. of digits to be filled at 10’s place = 4 = 6 × 720 = 4320.
\ No. of digits formed with zero at 100’s place 63. (a) P E R M U T A T I O N
=1×2×4=8 11 letters and T is repeated 2 times.
\ Required no. of digits formed = 60 – 8 = 52. 11!
56. (d) No. of ways in which 3 holiday travel tickets are to be \ Different permutations =
2!
given to 10 employees = 103 = 1000 = 11 × 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3
57. (b) Let the given 4 digit decimal number is • = 19958400
Places after decimal can be filled in the following ways: 8! 8!
64. (c) Number of ways = ´ 10!
4! 6!
• 7 8 9 9
2 10!
Total number of ways = 7 × 8 × 9 × 9 = 4536 = ( 8!) ´
4! 6!
58. (a) Number of different messages that can be represented
by three 0's and two 1's is 10. 10 ´ 9 ´ 8 ´ 7
= (8!) ´
2
Option (a) is correct. 4!
59. (c) Here, 15C3 – nC3 = 445
2 10 ´ 9 ´ 8 ´ 7
= ( 8!) ´
15! 4 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´1
Þ nC = – 445
3 3!12! = (210) × (8!)2
Permutation and Combination M-131

65. (d) Number between 100 and 1000 are 3-digit numbers. 70. (a) Number of 3 digit number made from digit 3, 4 or 5
It is given that the digits should not be repeated.
and having all distinct digit = 3! = 6
Number of given digits = 5.
In a 3-digit number, first number can be arranged in 5 and sum of such numbers are
ways. 543 + 534 + 345 + 354 + 435 + 453 = 2664
Second number in 4 ways.
Third number in 3 ways. 71. (d)
\ Numbers that can be formed = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 Dice III Dice II Dice I
66. (a) A number divisible by 10 means the last digit is 0. Cases Total No. of Ways
(z) (y) (x)
So, the remaining 3 digits can be arranged in
4 × 3 × 2 ways = 24 ways. 2 3, 4, 5, 6
67. (a) To form a triangle, we need 3 points. 12 points are 3 4, 5, 6
I 1 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10
given. 4 5, 6
So, 12 5 6
C3 triangles can be formed.
But, given that 7 points are on a straight line. selecting 3 4, 5, 6
3 points from this set will not form a triangle. II 2 4 5, 6 3+2+1=6
So, number of triangles formed 12 7
C3 - C3 5 6
4 5, 6
12! 7! III 3 2+1=3
= - 5 6
3!9! 3!4!
IV 4 5 6 1
12 ´ 11 ´ 10 7 ´ 6 ´ 5 Total number of ways = 10 + 6 + 3 + 1 = 20
= - = 220 - 35 = 185
3 ´ 2 ´1 3´ 2 ´1 72. (b) A straight line can be formed by joining 2 points.
68. (d) 3 bowlers are selected among 5 bowlers in 5C3 ways. \ Total number of straight lines = 10C2
Remaining 8 player's are selected from 12 player's in
12C ways. 10 ´ 9
8 = = 45
\ total number of ways = 12C8 × 5C3. 2 ´1
69. (c) Number of 5 digits numbers with all distinct digit is 73. (c) Number of ways 4C1 6C4 + 4C2 6C3 + 4C3 6C2 + 4C4 6C1
= (4) (15) + (6) (20) + (4) (15) + (1) (6)
same as filling of 5 vacent placed out of 10 boxes.
= 60 + 120 + 60 + 6 = 246
First digit of any number can be choosen in 9 ways.
Remaining 4 digits can be choosen in remaining 9 digits 74. (d) Given digits are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
in 9P4 ways. Total number of 3-digit even numbers = 4C2 × 2C1.
Total number of such number
3´ 4
= 9 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 = 27216 = × 2 = 12.
2
 EBD_7346
M-132 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

7
Cartesian Coordinate
System and Straight Line
1. The lines (p + 2q) x + (p – 3q) y = p – q for different values of (a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2
p and q pass through the fixed point given by which one of (c) 3 : –2 (d) 1 : 2
the following ? [2006-I] 9. The points (2, –2), ( 8, 4), (4, 6) and ( –1, 1) in order are the
æ 2 2ö vertices of which one of the following quadrilaterals?
æ3 5ö
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , ÷ (a) Square
è2 2ø è5 5ø
(b) Rhombus
æ 3 3ö æ 2 3ö (c) Rectangle(but not square)
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷ (d) Trapezium [2007-I]
è 5 5ø è 5 5ø
10. If p be the length of the perpendicular from the origin on the
2. What is the angle between the two straight lines
3
y = (2 - 3 )x + 5 and y = (2 + 3) x - 7 ? [2006-I] straight line ax + by = p and b = , then what is the angle
2
(a) 60° (b) 45°
(c) 30° (d) 15° between the perpendicular and the positive direction of
3. What is the image of the point (2, 3) in the line y = – x ? x-axis? [2007-I]
(a) (– 3, – 2) (b) (– 3, 2) (a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 90°
(c) (– 2, – 3) (d) (3, 2) [2006-II] 11. The straight line ax + by + c = 0 and the coordinate axes form
4. The middle point of A (1, 2) and B (x, y) is C (2, 4). If BD is an isosceles triangle under which one of the following
perpendicular to AB such that CD = 3 unit, then what is the conditions?
length BD ? [2006-II] (a) |a| = |b| (b) |a| = |c|
(a) (b) 2 unit (c) |b| = |c| (d) none of these [2007-I]
2 2 unit
12. The coordinates of P and Q are (–3, 4) and (2, 1), respectively.
(c) 3 unit (d) 3 2 unit If PQ is extended to R such that PR = 2QR, then what are the
5. If the points A(1, 2), B(2, 4) and C(3, a) are collinear, what is coordinates of R ? [2007-II]
the length BC ? [2006-II] (a) (3, 7) (b) (2, 4)
(a) 2 unit (b) 3 unit æ 1 5ö
(c) ç- , ÷ (d) (7, – 2)
è 2 2ø
(c) 5 unit (d) 5 unit
13. Which one of the following points on the line 2x – 3y = 5 is
6. What is the acute angle between the lines Ax + By = A + B
equidistant from (1, 2) and (3, 4) ? [2007-II]
and A (x – y ) + B (x + y) = 2B? [2007-I]
(a) (7, 3) (b) (4, 1)
æ A ö (c) (1, – 1) (d) (– 2, – 3)
(a) 45° (b) tan –1 ç ÷ 14. The following question consist of two statements, one
ç 2 2 ÷
è A +B ø labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (R)'.
(c) (d) 60° You are to examine these two statements carefully and select
7. If p be the length of the perpendicular from the orgin on the the answer.
straight line x + 2by + 2p = 0, then what is the value of b? Assertion (A) : If two triangles with vertices (x1, y1),
(x2, y2), (x3, y3) and (a1, b1), (a2, b2), (a3, b3) satisfy the
1
(a) (b) p relation
p
x1 y1 1 a1 b1 1
1 3
(c) (d) [2007-I] x2 y2 1 = a 2 b2 1
2 2 , then the triangles are
x3 y3 1 a3 b3 1
8. In what ratio does the line y – x + 2 = 0 cut the line joining
(3, –1) and (8, 9)? [2007-I] congruent.
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-133

Reason (R) : For the given triangles satisfying the above 25. What is the product of the perpendiculars from the two
relation implies that the triangles have equal area. æ 2 2 ö
points ç ± b - a , 0 ÷ to the line ax cos f + by sinf = ab?
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct è ø
explanation of A. [2009-II]
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the (a) a 2 (b) b 2
correct explanation of A. (c) ab (d) a/b
(c) A is true but R is false. 26. The middle point of the segment of the straight line joining
(d) A is false but R is true. [2007-II] the points (p, q) and (q, – p) is (r/2, s/2). What is the length
15. If A (2, 3), B (1, 4), C (0 – 2) and D (x, y) are the vertices of a of the segment? [2009-II]
parallelogram, then what is the value of (x, y) ? (a) [(s2 + r2)1/2]/2 (b) [(s2 + r2)1/2]/4
(a) (1, – 3) (b) (2, 4) (c) (s2 + r2)1/2 (d) s + r
(c) (1, 1) (d) (0, 0) [2008-I] 27. What is the locus of a point which is equidistant from the
point (m + n, n – m) and the point (m – n, n + m)?
16. If O be the origin and A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) are two points,
[2009-II]
then what is (OA) (OB) cos Ð AOB ?
(a) mx = ny (b) nx = –my
(a) x12 + x 22 (b) y12 + y22 (c) nx = my (d) mx = –ny
28. Let O (0, 0, 0), P (3, 4, 5), Q (m, n, r) and R (1, 1, 1) be the
(c) x1 x2 + y1 y2 (d) x1y1 + x2y2 [2008-I]
vertices of a parallelogram taken in order. What is the value
17. The numerical value of the perimeter of a square exceeds
of m + n + r? [2010-I]
that of its area by 4. What is the side of the square?
(a) 6 (b) 12
(a) 1 unit (b) 2 unit
(c) 15 (d) More than 15
(c) 3 unit (d) 4 unit [2008-I] 29. What is the image of the point (1, 2) on the line 3x + 4y – 1 = 0?
18. If (a, b), (c, d) and (a – c, b – d) are collinear, then which one
of the following is correct ? æ 7 6ö æ7 1ö
(a) ç– ,– ÷ (b) ç , ÷ [2010-I]
(a) bc – ad = 0 (b) ab – cd = 0 è 5 5ø è8 2ø
(c) bc + ad = 0 (d) ab + cd = 0 [2008-I]
19. The point of intersection of the two lines 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 and æ7 1ö æ 7 1ö
(c) ç ,– ÷ (d) ç – , ÷
4x + 3y + 2 = 0 is at a distance d from origin. What is the è 8 2 ø è 5 2ø
value of d ? [2008-II] 30. If (–5, 4) divides the line segment between the coordinate
(a) (b) (c) (d) axes in the ratio 1: 2, then what is its equation? [2010-I]
2 3 5 7
(a) 8x + 5y + 20 = 0 (b) 5x + 8y –7 = 0
20. The line through the points (4, 3) and (2, 5) cuts off intercepts
(c) 8x – 5y + 60 = 0 (d) 5x – 8y + 57 = 0
of lengths l and m on the axes. Which one of the following 31. What is the equation to the straight line joining the origin
is correct? [2008-II]
(a) l > m (b) l < m x y
to the point of intersection of the lines + = 1 and
(c) l > – m (d) l = m a b
21. What is the locus of a point which is equidistant from the x y
+ = 1? [2010-II]
points (a + b, a – b) and (b – a, a + b)? [2008-II] b a
(a) bx – ay = 0 (b) bx + ay = 0 (a) x + y = 0 (b) x + y +1 = 0
(c) –ax + by = 0 (d) ax + by = 0 (c) x – y = 0 (d) x + y + 2 = 0
22. What is the area of the triangle formed by the lines 32. If the straight lines x – 2y = 0 and kx + y = 1 intersect at the
y – x = 0, y + x = 0, x = c? [2009-I] æ 1ö
(a) c / 2 (b) c 2 point ç1, ÷ , then what is the value of k? [2010-II]
è 2ø
(c) 2c2 (d) c2/2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) –1/2
23. What is the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2, 3) on
33. What is the maximum number of straight lines that can be
the line x + y – 11 = 0? [2009-I]
drawn with any four points in a plane such that each line
(a) (1, 10) (b) (5, 6)
contains at least two of these points? [2010-II]
(c) (6, 5) (d) (7, 4) (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 12
24. Consider the following statements : [2009-I] 34. A square is drawn by joining mid points of the sides of a
1. The equation to a straight line parallel to the axis of x is square. Another square is drawn inside the second square
y = d, where d is a constant. in the same way and the process is continued in definitely.
2. The equation to the axis of x is x = 0. If the side of the first square is 16 cm, then what is the sum
Which of the statement (s) given above is/are correct? of the areas of all the squares? [2010-II]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 256 sq cm (b) 512 sq cm
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1024 sq cm (d) 512 / 3 sq cm
 EBD_7346
M-134 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
35. What is the slope of the line perpendicular to the line
x y n ( n - 1) n ( n - 3)
+ = 1? [2010-II] (a) (b)
4 3 2 2
3 3 n ( n + 1)
(a) (b) -
4 4 (c) n2 – n (d)
2
4 4 47. If (p, q) is the point on the x-axis equidistant from the points
(c) - (d)
3 3 (1, 2) and (2, 3), then which one of the following is correct?
36. If the area of a triangle with vertices (–3, 0), (3, 0) and [2011-II]
(0, k) is 9 sq unit, then what is the value of k? [2010-II] (a) p = 0, q = 4 (b) p = 4, q = 0
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) p = 3/2, q = 0 (d) p = 1, q = 0
(c) 9 (d) 12 48. If p is the length of the perpendicular drawn from the
37. What is the locus of a point which moves
x y
equidistant from the coordinate axes? [2011-I] origin to the line + = 1 , then which one of the following
a b
(a) x ± y = 0 (b) x + 2y = 0
is correct? [2011-II]
(c) 2x + y = 0 (d) None of these
38. What is the equation of the line joining the origin with the 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) = + (b) = -
point of intersection of the lines 4x + 3y = 12 and 3x + 4y = 12? p 2
a 2
b 2
p 2
a 2
b2
[2011-I]
(a) x + y = 1 (b) x – y = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) 3y = 4x (d) x = y (c) = + (d) = -
p a b p a b
39. If the sum of the squares of the distances of the point
49. For what value of k, are the lines x + 2y – 9 = 0 and
(x, y) from the points (a, 0) and (– a, 0) is 2b2, then which
one of the following is correct ? [2011-I] kx + 4y + 5 = 0 parallel? [2011-II]
(a) 2 (b) – 1
(a) x2 + a2 = b2 + y2 (b) x2 + a2 = 2b2 – y2
(c) 1 (d) 0
(c) x2 – a2 = b2 + y2 (d) x2 + a2 = b2 – y2
50. What is the equation of a line parallel to x-axis at a
40. The line mx + ny = 1 passes through the points (1, 2) and
distance of 5 units below x-axis? [2011-II]
(2, 1). What is the value of m? [2011-I]
(a) x = 5 (b) x = – 5
(a) 1 (b) 3
(c) y = 5 (d) y = – 5
1 1 51. What is the equation of line passing through (0, 1) and
(c) (d)
2 3 making an angle with the y-axis equal to the inclination of
41. What is the equation of the line passing through the line x – y = 4 with x-axis? [2012-I]
(2, – 3) and parallel to Y-axis? [2011-I] (a) y = x + 1 (b) x = y + 1
(a) Y = – 3 (b) Y = 2 (c) 2x = y + 2 (d) None of the above
(c) X = 2 (d) X = – 3 52. What is the perimeter of the triangle with vertices
42. What is the locus of the point which is at a distance 8 units A(– 4, 2), B(0, – 1) and C(3, 3)? [2012-I]
to the left of Y-axis? [2011-I] (a) (b) 10 + 5 2
7 +3 2
(a) X = 8 (b) Y = 8
(c) X = – 8 (d) Y = – 8 (c) 11 + 6 2 (d) 5 + 2
43. Two straight lines x – 3y – 2 = 0 and 2x – 6y – 6 =0 53. If the mid point between the points (a + b, a – b) and (– a, b)
(a) never intersect [2011-I] lies on the line ax + by = k, what is k equal to? [2012-I]
(b) intersect at a single point (a) a/b (b) a + b
(c) intersect at infinite number of points (c) ab (d) a – b
(d) intersect at more than one point (but finite 54. The acute angle which the perpendicular from origin on the
number of points) line 7x – 3y = 4 makes with the x-axis is [2012-I]
44. If (a, 0), (0, b) an d (1, 1) are collinear, what is (a) zero (b) positive but not p/4
(a + b – ab) equal to? [2011-I] (c) negative (d) p/4
(a) 2 (b) 1
55. What is the distance between the lines 3x + 4y = 9 and
(c) 0 (d) – 1
6x + 8y = 18? [2012-I]
45. What are the co-ordinates of the foot of the
(a) 0 (b) 3 units
perpendicular from th e poin t (2, 3) on the line
(c) 9 units (d) 18 units
x + y – 11 = 0? [2011-II]
(a) (2, 9) (b) (5, 6) 56. What is the perpendicular distance of the point (x, y) from
(c) (– 5, 6) (d) (6, 5) x-axis? [2012-I]
46. How many diagonal will be there in an n -sided (a) x (b) y
regular polygon? [2011-II] (c) | x | (d) | y |
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-135

57. The line making an angle (– 120°) with x-axis is situated in (a) (1, 1) (b) (2, 2)
the: [2012-II] (c) (–2, –2) (d) (3, 3)
(a) first quadrant (b) second quadrant 69. What is the area of the triangle whose vertices are
(c) third quadrant (d) fourth quadrant (3, 0), (0, 4) and (3, 4) ? [2013-I]
58. The locus of a point equidistant from three collinear points (a) 6 sq. unit (b) 7.5sq. unit
is: [2012-II] (c) 9 sq. unit (d) 12 sq. unit
(a) a straight line (b) a pair of points 70. A straight line passes through the points (5, 0) and (0, 3).
(c) a point (d) the null set The length of the perpendicular from the point (4, 4) on the
59. The equation to the locus of a point which is always line is
equidistant from the points (1, 0) and (0, –2) is :
(a) 2x + 4y + 3 = 0 [2012-II] 17 17
(a) (b) [2013-I]
(b) 4x + 2y + 3 = 0 2 2
(c) 2x + 4y – 3 = 0
15 17
(d) 4x + 2y – 3 = 0 (c) (d)
60. The points (5, 1), (1, –1) and (11, 4) are : [2012-II] 34 2
(a) collinear 71. What is the inclination of the line 3x - y - 1 = 0 ?
(b) vertices of right angled triangle
(c) vertices of equilateral triangle (a) 30° (b) 60° [2013-I]
(d) vertices of an isosceles triangle (c) 135° (d) 150°
61. What is the perpendicular distance between the parallel lines 72. Two straight line paths are represented by the equation
3x + 4y = 9 and 9x + 12y + 28 = 0 ? [2012-II] 2x – y = 2 and – 4x + 2y = 6. Then the paths will
(a) cross each other at one point [2013-I]
7 8 (b) not cross each other
(a) units (b) units
3 3 (c) cross each other at two points
(d) cross each other at infinitely many points
10 11
(c) units (d) units 73. For what value of k, the equations 3x – y = 8 and 9x – ky = 24
3 3 will have infinitely many solutions ? [2013-I]
62. Let p, q, r, s be the distances from origin of the points (2, 6), (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 1
(3, 4), (4, 5) and (–2, 5) respectively. Which one of the 74. What is the area of the triangle bounded by the side x = 0,
following is a whole number? [2012-II] y = 0, and x + y = 2? [2013-I]
(a) p (b) q (a) 1 square unit (b) 2 square unit
(c) r (d) s (c) 4 square unit (d) 8 square unit
63. From the point (4, 3) a perpendicular is dropped on the 75. If the three vertices of the parallelogram ABCD are A(1, a), B
x-axis as well as on the y-axis. If the lengths of perpendiculars (3, a), C (2, b), then D is equal to [2013-II]
are p, q respectively, then which one of the following is (a) (3, b) (b) (6, b)
correct? [2012-II] (c) (4, b) (d) (5, b)
(a) p = q (b) 3p = 4q 76. What is the equation of the line which passes through
(c) 4p = 3q (d) p + q = 5 (4, –5) and is perpendicular to 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 ? [2013-II]
64. The line y = 0 divides the line joining the points (3, –5) and (a) 4x – 3y – 31 = 0 (b) 3x – 4y – 41 = 0
(–4, 7) in the ratio : [2012-II]
(c) 4x + 3y – 1 = 0 (d) 3x + 4y + 8 = 0
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 5
77. For what value of k are the two straight lines 3x + 4y = 1 and
(c) 5 : 7 (d) 7 : 9
4x + 3y + 2k = 0 equidistant from the point (1, 1) ?
65. The equation of a straight line which makes an angle 45°
[2013-II]
with the x-axis with y-intercept 101 units is : [2012-II]
(a) 10x + 101y = 1 (b) 101x + y = 1 1
(c) x + y – 101 = 0 (d) x – y + 101 = 0 (a) (b) 2
2
( )
66. If the points (2, 4), (2, 6) and 2 + 3, k are the vertices of
(c) –2
1
(d) -
an equilateral triangle, then what is the value of k ? 2
(a) 6 (b) 5 [2012-II] 78. A point P moves such that its distances from (1, 2) and
(c) – 3 (d) 1 (–2, 3) are equal. Then the locus of P is [2013-II]
67. What is the equation of a straight line which passes through (a) straight line (b) Parabola
(3, 4) and sum of whose x and y intercepts is 14 ? (c) ellipse (d) hyperbola
(a) 4x + 3y = 24 (b) x + y = 14 [2013-I] 79. The equation of the locus of a point which is equidistant
(c) 4x – 3y = 0 (d) 3x + 4y = 25 from the axes is [2013-II]
68. The point whose abscissa is equal to its ordinate and which (a) y = 2x (b) x = 2y
is equidistant from A (–1, 0) and B(0, 5) is [2013-I] (c) y = ±x (d) 2y + x = 0
 EBD_7346
M-136 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
80. What angle does the line segment joining (5, 2) and (a) They represent two lines which are parallel.
(6, –15) subtend at (0, 0) ? [2013-II] (b) They represent two lines which are perpendicular.
p p (c) They represent two lines which are neither parallel nor
(a) (b) perpendicular.
6 4
(d) The first equation does not represent a line.
p 3p DIRECTIONS (Qs. 91-93): For the next three (3) items that
(c) (d)
2 4 follow:
81. The length of latus rectum of the ellipse 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36 is Consider the triangle ABC with vertices A (–2, 3), B (2, 1) and
[2013-II] C (1, 2).
91. What is the circumcentre of the triangle ABC ? [2015-I]
4 8
(a) (b) (a) (–2, –2) (b) (2, 2)
3 3 (c) (–2, 2) (d) (2, –2)
(c) 6 (d) 12 92. What is the centroid of the tirnalge ABC ? [2015-I]
82. What is the equation to the straight line passing through
(5, –2) and (–4, 7)? [2013-II] æ1 ö æ1 ö
(a) 5x – 2y = 4 (b) –4x + 7y = 9 (a) ç ,1÷ (b) ç , 2 ÷
è3 ø è3 ø
(c) x + y = 3 (d) x – y = –1
83. What is the angle between the lines x + y = 1 and x – y = 1 ? æ 2ö æ1 ö
[2013-II] (c) ç 1, ÷ (d) ç ,3 ÷
è 3ø è2 ø
p p 93. What is the foot of the altitude from the vertex A of the
(a) (b)
6 4 triangle ABC? [2015-I]
p p (a) (1, 4) (b) (–1, 3)
(c) (d) (c) (–2, 4) (d) (–1, 4)
3 2 94. A line passes through (2, 2) and is perpendicular to the line
84. The centroid of the triangle with vertices (2, 3), (–2, –5) and 3x + y = 3. Its y-intercept is [2015-I]
(3, 5) is at [2013-II]
(a) (1, 1) (b) (2, –1) 3 4
(a) (b)
(c) (1, –1) (d) (1, 2) 4 3
85. The equation of the line, the reciprocals of whose intercepts
on the axes are m and n, is given by [2013-II] 1
(c) (d) 3
(a) nx + my = mn (b) mx + ny = 1 3
(c) mx + ny = mn (d) mx – ny = 1 95. The Perpendicular distance between the straight lines
86. Consider the following points : [2014-I] 6x + 8y + 15 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 9 = 0 is [2015-I]
1. (0, 5) 2. (2, –1) 3 3
3. (3, –4) (a) units (b) unit
2 10
Which of the above lie on the line 3x + y = 5 and at a distance
3 2
10 from (1, 2) ? (c) unit (d) unit
4 7
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
96. The length of perpendicular from the origin to a line is 5
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
units and the line makes an angle 120° with the positive
87. What is the equation of the line through (1, 2) so that the direction of x-axis.The equation of the line is [2015-I]
segment of the line intercepted between the axes is bisected
at this point ? [2014-I] (a) x + 3y = 5 (b) 3x + y = 10
(a) 2x – y = 4 (b) 2x – y + 4 = 0 (c) 3x - y = 10 (d) None of these
(c) 2x + y = 4 (d) 2x + y + 4 = 0
97. The equation of the line joining the origin to the point of
88. What is the equation of straight line passing through the
point (4, 3) and making equal intercepts on the coordinate x y x y
interesection of the lines + = 1 and + = 1 is
axes ? [2014-I] a b b a
(a) x + y = 7 (b) 3x + 4y = 7 [2015-I]
(c) x – y = 1 (d) None of these (a) x – y = 0 (b) x + y = 0
89. A (3, 4) and B(5, –2) are two points and P is a point such that (c) x = 0 (d) y = 0
PA = PB. If the area of triangle PAB is 10 square unit, what are 98. If a line is perpendicular to the line 5x – y = 0 and forms a
the coordinates of P ? [2014-II] triangle of area 5 square units with co-ordinate axes, then its
(a) (1, 0) only (b) (7, 2) only equation is [2015-II]
(c) (1, 0) or (7, 2) (d) Neither (1, 0) nor (7, 2)
90. Which of the following is correc in respect of the equations
(a) x + 5y ± 5 2 = 0 (b) x - 5y ± 5 2 = 0

x -1 y - 2 (c) 5x + y ± 5 2 = 0 (d) 5x - y ± 5 2 = 0
= and 2x + 3y = 5 ? [2014-II]
2 3
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-137

99. The three lines 4x + 4y = 1, 8x – 3y = 2, y = 0 are [2015-II] [2016-I]

(a) the sides of an isosceles triangle (a) y + 1 = 0 (b) y – 1 = 0
(b) concurrent (c) y – 2 = 0 (d) y + 2 = 0
(c) mutually perpendicular 110. What is the equation of the line passing through the point
(d) the sides of an equilateral triangle of intersection of the given lines and parallel to y-axis?
100. The line 3x + 4y – 24 = 0 intersects the x-axis at A and y-axis [2016-I]
at B. Then the circumcentre of the triangle OAB where O is (a) x + 1 = 0 (b) x – 1 = 0
the origin is [2015-II] (c) x – 2 = 0 (d) x + 2 = 0
(a) (2, 3) (b) (3, 3) DIRECTIONS (Qs. 111-113): For the next three (3) items that
(c) (4, 3) (d) None of the above follow:
101. The product of y the perpendiculars from the two points Consider a parallelogram whose vertices are A (1, 2), B (4, y), C (x, 6)
(± 4, 0) to the line 3x cos f + 5y sin f =15 is [2015-II] and D (3, 5) taken in order. [2016-I]
(a) 25 (b) 16 111. What is the value of AC2 – BD2 ?
(c) 9 (d) 8 (a) 25 (b) 30
102. The lines 2x = 3y = –z and 6x = –y = –4z [2015-II] (c) 36 (d) 40
(a) are perpendicular (b) are parallel 112. What is the point of intersection of the diagonals?
(c) intersect at an angle 45° (d) intersect at an angle 60°
103. Two straight lines passing through the point A(3, 2) cut the æ7 ö
(a) ç , 4÷ (b) (3, 4)
line 2y = x + 3 and x-axis perpendicularly at P and Q è2 ø
respectively. The equation of the line PQ is [2015-II]
æ7 ö
(a) 7x + y – 21 = 0 (b) x + 7y + 21 = 0 (c) ç , 5÷ (d) (3, 5)
(c) 2x + y – 8 = 0 (d) x + 2y + 8 = 0 è2 ø
104. A straight line intersects x and y axes at P and Q respectively. 113. What is the area of the parallelogram?
If (3, 5) is the middle point of PQ, then what is the area of the 7
triangle OPQ? [2016-I] (a) square units (b) 4 square units
2
(a) 12 square units (b) 15 square units
(c) 20 square units (d) 30 square units 11
(c) square units (d) 7 square units
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 105-106): For the next two (2) items that 2
follow: 114. (a, 2b) is the mid-point of the line segment joining the points
(10, –6) and (k, 4). If a – 2b = 7, then what is the value of k?
Consider the lines y = 3x, y = 6x and y = 9 [2016-I]
[2016-I]
105. What is the area of the triangle formed by these lines?
(a) 2 (b) 3
27 27 (c) 4 (d) 5
(a) square units (b) square units
4 2 115. An equilateral triangle has one vertex at (0,0) and another at
19 19
(c) square units (d) square units (3, 3 ). What are the coordinates of the third vertex?
4 2 [2016-II]
106. The centroid of the triangle is at which one of the following
points? (a) (0, 2 3) only
(b) æç , 6 ö÷
3
(a) (3, 6) (b) (3, - 3) only
è2 ø
æ3 ö (c) (0, 2 3) or (3, - 3)
(c) (3, 3) (d) ç , 9 ÷
è2 ø (d) Neither (0, 2 3) nor (3, - 3)
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 107-108): For the next two (2) items that
116. What is the equation of the straight line which passes
follow:
through the point of intersection of the straight lines x + 2y = 5
Consider the curves y = | x – 1| and |x| = 2 [2016-I] and 3x + 7y = 17 and is perpendicular to the straight line
107. What is/are the point(s) of intersection of the curves ? 3x + 4y = 10? [2016-II]
(a) (–2, 3) only (b) (2, 1) only (a) 4x + 3y +2 = 0 (b) 4x – y+2 = 0
(c) (–2, 3) and (2, 1) (d) Neither (–2, 3) nor (2, 1)
(c) 4x – 3y – 2 =0 (d) 4x –3y +2 = 0
108. What is the area of the region bounded by the curves and x-
axis ? 117. If (a, b) is at unit distance from the line 8x + 6y + 1 = 0, then
(a) 3 square units (b) 4 square units which of the following conditions are correct? [2016-II]
(c) 5 square units (d) 6 square units 1. 3a – 4b – 4 = 0
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 109-110): For the next two (2) items that 2. 8a + 6b + 11= 0
follow: 3. 8a + 6b – 9 = 0
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Consider the two lines x + y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 1 = 0
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
109. What is the equation of the line passing through the point
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
of intersection of the given lines and parallel to x-axis?
 EBD_7346
M-138 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
118. A straight line cuts off an intercept of 2 units on the positive 127. The distance of the point (1, 3) from the line 2x + 3y = 6,
direction of x-axis and passes through the point (–3, 5). measured parallel to the line 4x + y = 4, is [2017-II]
What is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point
5 3
(3, 3) on this line? [2016-II] (a) units (b) unit
(a) (1, 3) (b) (2, 0) 13 17
(c) (0, 2) (d) (1, 1)
119. What is the curve which passes through the point (1,1) and 17
(c) 17 units (d) units
2
2y
whose slope is ? [2016-II] 128. The equation of a straight line which cuts off an intercept
x of 5 units on negative direction of y-axis and makes an
(a) Circle (b) Parabola angle 120° with positive direction of x-axis is [2017-II]
(c) Ellipse (d) Hyperbola
(a) y + 3x + 5 = 0 (b) y - 3x + 5 = 0
120. If a vertex of a triangle is (1, 1) and the midpoints of two sides
of the triangle through this vertex are (–1, 2) and (3, 2), then (c) y + 3x - 5 = 0 (d) y - 3x - 5 = 0
the centroid of the triangle is [2017-I] 129. The equation of the line passing through the point (2, 3)
æ 1 7ö æ 7ö and the point of intersection of lines 2x – 3y + 7 = 0 and
(a) çè - , ÷ø (b) çè -1, ÷ø 7x + 4y + 2 = 0 is [2017-II]
3 3 3
(a) 21x + 46y – 180 = 0 (b) 21x – 46y + 96 = 0
æ 1 7ö æ 7ö (c) 46x + 21y + 155 = 0 (d) 46x – 21y – 29 = 0
(c) çè , ÷ø (d) çè1, ÷ø
3 3 3 130. What is the distance between the points which divide the

( )
121. The incentre of the triangle with vertices A 1, 3 , B ( 0, 0 )
line segment joining (4, 3) and (5, 7) internally and externally
in the ratio 2 : 3? [2018-I]
and C(2, 0) is [2017-I] 12 17 13 17
æ 3ö æ2 1 ö (a) (b)
5 5
(a) ç1, 2 ÷ (b) çè 3 , ÷
è ø 3ø
17 6 17
(c) (d)
æ 2 3ö æ 1 ö 5 5
(c) ç3, 2 ÷ (d) çè1, ÷ 131. What is the equation of the straight line cutting off an
è ø 3ø intercept 2 from the negative direction of y-axis and inclined
122. If the three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram are at 30° with the positive direction of x-axis? [2018-I]
(–2, –1), (1, 0) and (4, 3), then what are the coordinates of (a) x - 2 3y - 3 2 = 0
the fourth vertex? [2017-I]
(a) (1, 2) (b) (1, 0) (b) x + 2 3y - 3 2 = 0
(c) (0, 0) (d) (1, –1) (c) x + 3y - 2 3 = 0
æ 2 20 ö (d) x - 3y - 2 3 = 0
123. What is the ratio in which the point C ç - , - ÷ divides
è 7 7 ø 132. What is the equation of the line passing through the point
the line joining the points A(–2, –2) and B(2, –4)? of intersection of the lines x + 2y – 3 = 0 and 2x – y + 5 = 0 and
[2017-I] parallel to the line y – x + 10 = 0? [2018-I]
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 (a) 7x – 7y + 18 = 0 (b) 5x – 7y + 18 = 0
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 3 (c) 5x – 5y + 18 = 0 (d) x – y + 5 = 0
124. What is the equation of the straight line parallel to 2x + 3y 133. Consider the following statements: [2018-I]
+ 1 = 0 and passes through the point (–1, 2)? [2017-I] 1. The length p of the perpendicular from the origin to
(a) 2x + 3y – 4 = 0 (b) 2x + 3y – 5 = 0
2 c2
(c) x + y – 1 = 0 (d) 3x – 2y + 7 = 0 the line ax + by = c satisfies the relation p = .
125. If the centroid of a triangle formed by (7, x), (y, –6) and (9, a 2 + b2
10) is (6, 3), then the values of x and y are respectively 2. The length p of the perpendicular from the origin to
[2017-I] x y 1 1 1
(a) 5, 2 (b) 2, 5 the line + = 1 satisfies the relation 2 = 2 + 2 .
a b p a b
(c) 1, 0 (d) 0, 0 3. The length p of the perpendicular from the origin to
126. The points (a, b), (0, 0), (–a, –b) and (ab, b2) are
[2017-II] 1 1 + m 2 + c2
the line y = mx + c satisfies the relation = .
(a) the vertices of a parallelogram p2 c2
(b) the vertices of a rectangle Which of the above is/are correct?
(c) the vertices of a square (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 only
(d) collinear (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 only
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-139

134. What is the equation of the straight line passing through 141. What is equation of straight line pass through the point of
the point (2, 3) and making an intercept on the positive x y x y
y-axis equal to twice its intercept on the positive x-axis? intersection of the line + = 1 and + = 1, and parallel
2 3 3 2
[2018-I] the 4x + 5y – 6 = 0? [2018-II]
(a) 2x + y = 5 (b) 2x + y = 7 (a) 20x + 25y – 54 = 0
(c) x + 2y = 7 (d) 2x – y = 1 (b) 25x + 20y – 54 = 0
135. The perpendiculars that fall from any point of the straight (c) 4x + 5y – 54 = 0
line 2x + 11y = 5 upon the two straight lines 24x + 7y = 20 and (d) 4x + 5y – 45 = 0
4x – 3y = 2 are [2018-I] 142. Consider the following statements: [2018-II]
(a) 12 and 4 respectively Statement I : If the line segment joining the points
(b) 11 and 5 respectively P(m, n) and Q(r, s) subtends an angle a at the
(c) Equal to each other ms – nr
origin, then cos a = .
(d) Not equal to each other
136. The equation of the line, when the portion of it intercepted (m 2
)(
+ n 2 r 2 + s2 )
between the axes is divided by the point (2, 3) in the ratio of Statements II : In any triangle ABC, it is true that
3 : 2, is [2018-I] a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A.
(a) Either x + y = 4 or 9x + y = 12 What of the following is correct in respect of the above
(b) Either x + y = 5 or 4x + 9y = 30 two statements?
(c) Either x + y = 4 or x + 9y = 12 (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true and
(d) Either x + y = 5 or 9x + 4y = 30 Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
137. What is the distance between the straight lines 3x + 4y = 9 (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are true, but Statement
and 6x + 8y = 15? [2018-I] II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
(c) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
3 3 (d) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
(a) (b)
2 10 143. Consider the following statements : [2019-I]
(c) 6 (d) 5 1. For an equation of a line,
138. The second degree equation [2018-II] x cos q + y sin q = p, in normal form, the length of the
x2 + 4y – 2x – 4y + 2 = 0 represents perpendicular from the point (a, b) to the line is
(a) A point | a cos q + b sin q + p|.
(b) An ellipse of semi-major axis 1 2. The length of the perpendicular from the point (a, b) to
3 aa + bb - ab
(c) An ellipse with eccentricity x y
2 the line + = 1 is .
(d) None of the above
a b a 2 + b2
139. The angle between the two lines lx + my + n = 0 Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
and l’x + m’y + n’ = 0 is given by tan–1q. What q equal to? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
[2018-II] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
lm '- l ' m lm '+ l ' m 144. The points (1, 3) and (5, 1) are two opposite vertices of a
(a) (b) rectangle. The other two vertices lie on the line y = 2x + c.
ll '- mm ' ll '+ mm '
What is the value of c? [2019-I]
lm '- l ' m lm '+ l ' m (a) 2 (b) –2
(c) (d) (c) 4 (d) –4
ll '+ mm ' ll '- mm '
145. If the lines 3y + 4x = 1, y = x + 5 and 5y + bx = 3 are concurrent,
140. Consider the following statements: [2018-II]
then what is the value of b? [2019-I]
1. The distance between the lines
(a) 1 (b) 3
c1 - c 2
. 1
y = mx + c1 and y = mx + c2 is (c) 6 (d)
1 - m2 2
2. The distance between the lines ax + by + c1 and 146. What is the equation of the straight line which is perpendicular
to y = x and passes through (3, 2)? [2019-I]
c1 - c 2
ax + by + c2 = 0 is . (a) x – y = 5 (b) x + y = 5
a 2 + b2 (c) x + y = 1 (d) x – y = 1
147. The straight lines x + y – 4 = 0, 3x + y – 4 = 0 and x + 3y – 4
3. The distance between the lines x = c and x = c2 is c1 - c2 .
= 0 form a triangle, which is [2019-I]
Which of the above statements are correct? (a) isosceles (b) right-angled
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) equilateral (d) scalene
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
 EBD_7346
M-140 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
148. The centroid of the triangle with vertices A(2, –3, 3), B (5, – (a) 2 (b) 2 2
3, –4) and C (2, –3, –2) is the point [2019-I]
(a) (–3, 3, –1) (b) (3, –3, –1) (c) 2 (d) 3 2
150. What is the minimum value of a2x + b2y where xy = c2?
(c) (3, 1, –3) (d) (–3, –1, –3)
[2019-I]
149. The minimum distance from the point (4, 2) to y2 = 8x is equal (a) abc (b) 2abc
to [2019-I] (c) 3abc (d) 4abc

ANSWER KEY
1 (d) 16 (c) 31 (c) 46 (b) 61 (d) 76 (a) 91 (a) 106 (b) 121 (d) 136 (d)
2 (a) 17 (b) 32 (c) 47 (b) 62 (b) 77 (d) 92 (b) 107 (c) 122 (a) 137 (b)
4 (b) 18 (a) 33 (c) 48 (a) 63 (c) 78 (a) 93 (d) 108 (c) 123 (b) 138 (a)
3 (a) 19 (c) 34 (b) 49 (a) 64 (c) 79 (c) 94 (b) 109 (d) 124 (a) 139 (c)
5 (c) 20 (d) 35 (d) 50 (d) 65 (d) 80 (c) 95 (b) 110 (b) 125 (a) 140 (b)
6 (a) 21 (c) 36 (a) 51 (a) 66 (b) 81 (b) 96 (b) 111 (c) 126 (b) 141 (a)
7 (d) 22 (b) 37 (a) 52 (b) 67 (a) 82 (c) 97 (a) 112 (a) 127 (d) 142 (d)
8 (a) 23 (b) 38 (d) 53 (c) 68 (b) 83 (d) 98 (a) 113 (d) 128 (a) 143 (d)
9 (d) 24 (a) 39 (d) 54 (c) 69 (a) 84 (a) 99 (b) 114 (a) 129 (b) 144 (d)
10 (c) 25 (a) 40 (d) 55 (a) 70 (b) 85 (b) 100 (c) 115 (c) 130 (a) 145 (c)
11 (a) 26 (c) 41 (c) 56 (d) 71 (b) 86 (c) 101 (c) 116 (d) 131 (d) 146 (b)
12 (d) 27 (c) 42 (c) 57 (c) 72 (b) 87 (c) 102 (a) 117 (b) 132 (c) 147 (a)
13 (b) 28 (c) 43 (a) 58 (d) 73 (c) 88 (a) 103 (a) 118 (d) 133 (c) 148 (b)
14 (a) 29 (a) 44 (c) 59 (a) 74 (b) 89 (c) 104 (d) 119 (b) 134 (b) 149 (b)
15 (a) 30 (c) 45 (b) 60 (a) 75 (c) 90 (b) 105 (a) 120 (d) 135 (c) 150 (b)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

y (2, 3)
1. (d) As given, (p + 2q) x + (p – 3q) y = p – q
P
Þ px + 2qx + py – 3qy = p – q
Þ p (x + y) – q (3y – 2x) = p – q
Equation co-efficient of p and q R
Þ x + y = 1and 3y – 2x = 1 x' x
y
Solving these, we get =
–
x
2 3 Q(h, k)
x= , y= .
5 5
æ 2 3ö y'
So, line passes through ç , ÷ .
è 5 5ø
Let Q be the image of p and let the co-ordinate of Q be
2. (a) The given lines are (h, k)
y = (2 - 3) x + 5 and y = (2 + 3) x – 7 Slope of line y = –x is –1
Line joining P, Q will be perpendicular to y = –x so, its
Therefore, slope of first line m1 = 2 - 3 and slope = 1.
Let the equation of the line be y = x + c since this
slope of second line m2 = 2 + 3 passes through point (2, 3)
m 2 - m1 2+ 3 -2+ 3 3= 2+ cÞc= 1
\ tan q = = and the equation y = x + 1
1 + m1m 2 1 + (4 - 3) The point of intersection R lies in the middle of P & Q.
Point of intersection of line y = – x and y = x + 1 is
2 3 p p
= = 3 = tan Þ q = = 60° 1 1
2 3 3 2y = 1, Þ y = and x = –
2 2
3. (a) Let there be a point P(2,3) on cartesian plane. Image of h+2 1 k+3 1
this point in the line y = –x will lie on a line which is Hence, = - and =
perpendicular to this line and distance of this point 2 2 2 2
from y = –x will be equal to distance of the image from Þ h = –3 and k = –2
this line. So, the image of the point (2, 3) in the line y = – x is
( –3, –2).
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-141

4. (b) Given that mid point of A (1, 2) and B (x, y) is C (2, 4),
A A+B - A(A - B) - B(A + B)
1+ x 2+y --
= 2 and =4 B A-B B(A - B)
2 2 = = B(A - B) - A(A + B)
æ A ö æ A+ Bö
Þ x = 3 and y = 6 1+ ç- ÷´ç ÷
è Bø èA-Bø B(A - B)
So, coordinates of B are (3, 6).
Given that
- A 2 + AB - AB - B 2 - B2 - A 2
BD ^ AB and CD = 3 unit = = =1
AB - B 2 - A 2 - AB - B2 - A 2
D
p
so, q =
4
7. (d) Length of perpendicular from the origin on the straight
line x + 2by – 2p = 0 is

0 + 2b ´ 0 - 2 p
=p
A C B
12 + (2b ) 2

BC = (2 - 3)2 + (4 - 6)2 = 1 + 4 = 5
In right angled D BCD, CD2 = BC2 + BD2 - 2p
or p =
Þ 9 = 5 + BD2 Þ BD2 = 4 Þ BD = 2 unit 1 + 4b 2
2
5. (c) Since the points are collinear.
1 2 1 4p 2
or p2 =
2 4 1 =0 1 + 4b 2
3 a 1
Expanding the determinant 4
=1
1 + 4b 2
Þ 1 4 1 - 2 2 1 +1 2 4 = 0
a 1 3 1 3 a Þ 1+ 4b2 = 4 or 4b2 = 3
Þ (4 – a) – 2(2 – 3) + 1(2a – 12) = 0 3 3 3
Þ 4 – a + 2 + 2a – 12 = 0 Þ b2 = Þb= ± Þb= matches with the
4 2 2
Þ a–6=0
Þ a= 6 given option.
Thus, Coordinates of C are (3, 6). 8. (a) Let the point of intersection divide the line segment
joining points, (3, – 1) and (8, 9) in k : 1 ratio then:
Thus, BC = (3 - 2)2 + (6 - 4)2
æ 8k + 3 9k - 1 ö
= 1 + 4 = 5 unit The point is ç , ÷
è k +1 k +1 ø
6. (a) Lines are L1º Ax + By = A + B and Since this point lies on the line y – x + 2 = 0
L2º A (x – y) + B (x + y) = 2B
9k - 1 8k + 3
A We have, - +2=0
Slope of L1 is – k +1 k +1
B
9k - 1 - 8k - 3 k-4
A = +2=0= +2= 0
m1 = - [m1 is the side of line L1] k +1 k +1
B
For line L2: = k – 4 + 2k + 2 = 0 = 3k – 2 = 0
Ax – Ay + Bx + By = 2B 2
(A + B)x – (A – B)y = 2B. k= : 1 i.e. 2 : 3
3
(A + B) 9. (d) Let points be A(2, – 2), B(8, 4), C(4, 6) and D(– 1, 1) in
Slope of line L2 in
A-B order and are vertices of a quadrilateral.
AB2 = (8 – 2)2 + (4 + 2)2 = 36 + 36 = 72
(A + B)
m2 = [m2 is the slope of line L2] BC2 = (4 – 8)2 + (6 – 4)2 = 16 + 4 = 20
(A - B) CD2 = (4 + 1)2 + (6 – 1)2 = 25 + 25 = 50
If angle between line L1 and L2 is q then AD2 = (2 + 1)2 + (– 2 – 1)2 = 9 + 9 = 18
m1 - m 2 Thus AB ¹ BC ¹ CD ¹ AD
tan q = Hence, quadrilateral is a trapezium.
1 + m1m 2
 EBD_7346
M-142 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
10. (c) Equation of line is ax + by – p = 0, then 13. (b) Let point P (x1, y1) be equidistant from point A (1, 2)
length of perpendicular, from the origin. and B (3, 4).
\ PA = PB
a ´0 + b´ 0 - p -p Þ PA2 = PB2
p= or p =
2 2 Þ (1 – x1)2 + ( 2 – y1)2 = ( 3 – x1)2 + (4 – y1)2
a +b a + b2
2
Þ 1 + x12 - 2x1 + 4 + y12 - 4y1
or 1 2 2
= 1 or a + b = 1 = 9 + x12 - 6x1 + 16 + y12 - 8y1
a 2 + b2
Þ 4x1 + 4y1 = 20
3 3 Þ x1 + y1 = 5 ....(1)
b= or b2 = As P (x1, y1) lies on 2x – 3y = 5
2 4
\ 2x1 – 3y1 = 5 ....(2)
3 On solving Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
a2 + =1
4 x1 = 4 and y1 =1
1 1 1 \ Coordinates of P are (4, 1).
a2 = Þa= [a = - not taken since 14. (a) (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of
4 2 2
angle is with + ve direction to x-axis.] A.
15. (a) As given : A (2, 3), B (1, 4), C (0, – 2) and D (x, y) are the
1 3 vertices of a parallelogram. Diagonals of a parallelogram
Equation is x + y = p or x cos 60° + y sin 60° = p
2 2 bisect each other
Angle = 60° So, mid-point are same for both diagonals AC and BD.
11. (a) Co-ordinate axes and straight line ax + by + c = 0
form an isosceles triangle. This is possible when, the 2 + 0 1+ x 3– 2 4+ y
= and =
line makes equal intercept on both the axes. 2 2 2 2
Y-axis Þ x = 1 and y = – 3
Þ D(x, y) = (1, – 3)
16. (c) Let O (0, 0), A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) be three points
P
ax + by + c OA = x12 + y12 , OB = x 22 + y 22

AB = ( x 2 – x1 )2 + (y2 – y1 )2
Q
X-axis In DAOB,
O
A (x1, y1)
Expressing ax + by + c = 0 in intercept form:
x y
ax + by = – c or + =1
c c
- -
a b
c c O (0, 0) B (x2, y2)
So, x-inntercept = - and y-intercept = -
a b
OA 2 + OB2 – AB2
Since, - = -
c c cos ÐAOB =
2.OA.OB
a b
Hence, a = b OA 2 + OB2 – AB2
Intercepts can be on both the sides of axis. Þ OA.OB cos ÐAOB =
So, | a | = | b | 2
12. (d) As given :
Coordinates of P and Q are (– 3, 4) and (2, 1)
=
{
x12 + y12 + x 22 + y 22 – (x 2 – x1 ) 2 + (y 2 - y1 ) 2 }
respectively. 2
Let coordinates of R be (x, y).
As given : PR = 2 QR Þ OA.OB.cos ÐAOB
Þ PR – QR = QR Þ PQ = QR.
So, Q is the mid point of P and R =
{
x12 + y12 + x 22 + y 22 – x 22 + x12 – 2x1x 2 + y 22 + y12 - 2y 1y 2 }
2
-3 + x 4+y
Þ 2= and 1 = 2(x1x 2 + y1 y2 )
2 2 = = x1x 2 + y1y 2
Þ x = 7 and y = – 2 2
\ Coordinates of R º (7, – 2)
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-143

17. (b) Let the side of the square = x units Þ 2x(a + b) + 2y(a – b) = 2x(b – a)+ 2y (a+ b)
Area of square = x2 unit Þ x{(a + b) – (b – a)} + y{(a – b) – (a + b)} = 0
and perimeter of square = 4x unit Þ 2ax + (– 2by) = 0
According to question,
Þ ax – by = 0
x2 + 4 = 4x
Þ x2 – 4x + 4 = 0 Þ – ax + by = 0
Þ (x – 2)2 = 0 22. (b) The shaded portion shows the required area.
Þ x= 2 Since the area is symmetric about the x-axis therefore
\ Side of square = 2 unit Required area = 2 area (D AOD)
y
18. (a) Let A, B and C having co-ordinates (a, b), (c, d) and
{(a – c), (b – d)} respectively be the points (0, 0)
A (c, c)
If these poins are collinear then O
x
a b 1
D (c, 0)

0
x=
c d 1 =0 B (c, –c)

y–
a–c b–d 1

y+
x
=
R2 ® R2 – R1 gives x=c

0
1
a b 1 = 2´ ´ base ´ height
2
c–a d–b 0 =0
1
a–c b–d 1 = 2´ ´ OD ´ AD
2
R3 ® R2 + R3 gives =c×c
= c2
a b 1
23. (b) We know a line perpendicular to a given line
c–a d–b 0 =0 ax – by + c = 0 is bx + ay + k = 0
0 0 1 \ The equation of line perpendicular to given line
x + y – 11 = 0 ...(i)
Þ 1. {a (d – b) – b (c – a)}= 0
is – x + y + l = 0 ...(ii)
Þ ad – ab – bc + ab = 0
Since, this equation passes through (2, 3).
Þ bc – ad = 0
Therefore (2, 3) satisfies the equation of line
19. (c) Given equations are
\ –2 +3 +l=0
2x + 3y + 4 = 0 ...(i)
Þ l =–1
and 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 ...(ii)
\ From Eq. (ii),
On solving (i) and (ii), the coordinates of the intersecting
–x + y – 1 = 0
point are (1, – 2)
Þ y=x+1
2 And from eq. (i),
Now, (0 –1)2 + {0 - (-2)} = d
x + x + 1 – 11 = 0
Þ d = 1+ 4 = 5 Þ 2x = 10
Þ x=5
20. (d) Let the equation of line be
Hence, coordinates of foot of perpendicular from
x y (2, 3) to given line is (5, 6)
+ =1
l m 24. (a) We know that, the equation of x-axis is y = 0
The line passes through (4, 3) and (2, 5). Statement 1 says that the equation to a straight line
parallel to the axis of x is y = d.
4 3
\ + = 1 , is possible when l = m = 7 Since, d is constant therefore it can be zero.
l m Thus, only statement 1 is correct.
2 3 25. (a) Given equation of line is ax cos f + by sin f – ab = 0
and + = 1 , is possible when l = m = 5
l m Let d 1 be the perpendicular distance from
So, m = l
21. (c) Let the coordinates of the point are (x, y) ( b2 – a 2 ,0) to the line ax cos f + by sin f – ab = 0
\ {x - (a + b)}2 + { y - (a - b)}2
and d2 from (– b2 – a 2 ,0) to the line ax cos f + by sin
2
= {x - (b - a )} + { y - (a + b)} 2
f – ab = 0
Squaring both sides, we get
Þ x2 + (a + b)2 – 2x (a + b) + y2 + (a – b)2 – 2y(a – b) At point ( b 2 – a 2 , 0)
= x2 + (b – a)2 – 2x (b– a) + y2 + (a +b)2 – 2y (a + b)
 EBD_7346
M-144 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

m 4 n 5 r 6
a b 2 – a 2 cos f – ab \ = , = , =
d1 = 2 2 2 2 2 2
a 2 cos2 f + b2 sin 2 f Þ m = 4, n = 5, r = 6
At point (– b2 – a 2 ,0) Hence, m + n + r = 4 + 5 + 6 =15
29. (a) Let (a, b) be the image of point (1, 2) w.r.t. line
– a b 2 – a 2 cos f – ab
3x + 4 y - 1 = 0
d2 =
a2 cos 2 f + b2 sin 2 f æ a +1 b + 2 ö
\ ç , ÷ will be on the line 3x + 4 y - 1 = 0
è 2 2 ø
[a 2 (b2 – a 2 )cos 2 f – a 2b2 ]
\ d1d 2 = – æ a +1ö æ b + 2 ö
a 2 cos 2 f + b2 sin 2 f Þ 3ç ÷ + 4ç ÷ -1 = 0
è 2 ø è 2 ø
a2 (–b2 sin 2 f – a2 cos2 f) Þ 3a + 3 + 4b + 8 - 2 = 0
=– = a2
a2 cos2 f + b2 sin2 f Þ 3a + 4b + 9 = 0
26. (c) Two joining points are (p, q) and (q, – p) Now, co-ordinates given in option ‘a’ satisfies the
equation 3a + 4b + 9 = 0
æ p+q q– pö
Mid point of (p, q) and (q, – p) is ç ,
è 2 2 ÷ø æ 7 6ö
Thus, the image of point (1, 2 ) is ç - , - ÷ .
è 5 5ø
ær sö 30. (c) Let A(a, 0) and B(0, b) be two points on x-axis and y-
But it is given that the mid-point is ç , ÷ .
è2 2ø axis respectively
p+q r q– p s 1 2
\ = and =
2 2 2 2 A ( a, 0 ) (- 5, 4 ) B (0, b )
Þ p + q = r and q – p = s Given (–5, 4) divides line AB in the ratio 1 : 2.
Now, length of segment = ( p – q )2 + (q + p)2 By section formula we have
(by distance formula) 1´ 0 + 2 ´ a
\ -5 =
2 2 1/2 3
= s 2 + r 2 = (s + r )
27. (c) Let the locus of a point be (h, k) -15 1´ b + 2 ´ 0
Let the given points be Þ a= and 4 =
2 3
P (m + n, n – m) and Q (m – n, n + m)
\ By distance formula, we have Þ b = 12
2 2
[h – (m + n)] + [k – (n – m)] æ -15 ö
Thus, A = ç , 0 ÷ and B = ( 0, 12 )
= [h – (m – n)]2 + [k – (n + m)]2 è 2 ø
Þh + (m + n)2 – 2h(m + n) + k2
2
æ -15 ö
+ (n – m)2 – 2k (n – m) Hence, equation of line joining ç , 0 ÷ and (0, 12) is
è 2 ø
= h + (m – n) – 2h (m – n) + k + (n + m)2 – 2k (n + m)
2 2 2

Þ 2h (m – n – m – n) + 2 k (n + m – n + m) = 0 12 - 0 æ 15 ö
Þ – 4h n + 4k m = 0 Þ mk = nh ( y - 0) = . x+ ÷
15 çè
Hence, locus of a point is nx = my. 0+ 2ø
2
28. (c) R(1, 1, 1) Q(m, n, r)
4
Þ y= ( 2 x + 15)
5
Þ 5 y = ( 8x + 60 ) Þ 8 x - 5 y + 60 = 0
31. (c) We know that the equation of straight line passing
x y
through the intersection point of two lines + =1
O(0,0, 0) P(3, 4, 5) a b
OPQR is a parallelogram and OQ, PR are the diagonals x y
of parallelogram. and + = 1, is
We know that in a parallelogram, diagonals bisect each b a
other. æx y ö æx y ö
æ 0 + m 0 + n 0 + r ö æ 1+ 3 1+ 4 1 + 5 ö ç + - 1÷ + l ç + - 1÷ = 0 ...(i)
\ èa b ø èb a ø
ç , , ÷ºç , , ÷
è 2 2 2 ø è 2 2 2 ø
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-145

This line passes through the origin. x y

\ (0 – 1) + l (0 – 1) = 0 Þ l = – 1 35. (d) Given equation of the line + =1
4 3
On putting the value of l in Eq. (i), we get can be written as
æx y ö æx y ö 3x + 4y = 12 Þ 4y = –3x + 12
ç + - 1÷ - 1ç + - 1÷ = 0 -3 12
èa b ø èb a ø Þ y= x+
4 4
x y x y
Þ + -1 - - + 1 = 0 x y -3
a b b a The slope of the line + = 1 is
y 3 4
æ1 1ö æ1 1ö \ Slope of the line perpendicular to this line
Þ xç - ÷ - yç - ÷ = 0
è a b ø èa bø
æ -1 ö 4
Þ x–y=0 =–ç =
è 3 / 4 ÷ø 3
32. (c) Since. the straight lines x – 2y = 0 and kx + y = 1 intersect 36. (a) Let the vertices of the D ABC be
A (–3,0), B (3,0) and C (0,k).
æ 1ö
at the point ç 1, ÷ . -3 0 1
è 2ø 1
\ Area of D ABC = 3 0 1
æ 1ö 2
\ The point ç1, ÷ satisfies the equation kx + y = 1 0 k 1
è 2ø Given, area is 9
1 1
\ Put x = 1, and y = in eqn kx + y = 1, Þ 9 = {–3(–k) + 1(3k)}
2 2
Þ 18 = 3k + 3k
1 1
we get k .1 + =1Þ k = 18
2 2 Þ k= =3
6
4 4! 37. (a) We have,
33. (c) Required number of lines = C2 = =6
2!2! y=x ... (i)
34. (b) Let ABCD, EFGH and IJKL be squares. y=–x ... (ii)
Let side of square ABCD = 16 –x=–y ... (iii)
Now, Area of ABCD = (16)2 x=–y ... (iv)
Thus, the required locus of a point which moves
(16)2 equidistant from the co-ordinate axes is
Area of EFGH = , x±y=0
2
38. (d) The equation of given lines are
(16)2 4x + 3y = 12 ... (i)
Area of IJKL = So on. and 3x + 4y = 12 ... (ii)
4
On simplifying (i) and (ii), we get
A G D
12 12
L K x= and y =
7 7
H F æ 12 12 ö
\ Point of intersection of given line is ç , ÷ .
I J è 7 7ø
B Hence, the equation of line passing through (0, 0)
E C
Required sum, æ 12 12 ö
and ç , ÷ is
1 1 è 7 7ø
= 162 + (16)2 + (16)2 +....¥
2 4 12
-0
y -0 7
ì 1 1 ü = Þy=x
= (16)2 í1 + + + ....¥ ý x - 0 12
î 2 4 þ -0
7
1 1 39. (d) Let P (x, y) be a point and A = (a, 0), B = (– a, 0).
Now, 1 + + + ......¥ is a G.P
2 4 Now, PA2 = (x – a)2 + y2
1 PB2 = (x + a)2 + y2
a
\ Sum = where a = 1 and r = Since the sum of the distances of the point P (x, y)
1- r 2 from the points A (a, 0) and B (– a, 0) is 2b2.
1 1 1 \ PA2 + PB2 = 2b2
\ 1+ + + ...... + ¥ = =2 (x – a)2 + (y)2 + (x + a)2 + (y)2 = 2b2
2 4 1
1- Þ x + a2 – 2ax + y2 + x2 + a2 + 2ax + y2 = 2b2
2
2
Þ x2 + a2 + y2 = b2
= 256×2 = 512 sq. cm Þ x2 + a2 = b2 – y2
 EBD_7346
M-146 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
40. (d) Sinceline mx + ny = 1 passes through (1, 2) and (2, 1) 47. (b) Since (p, q) is the point on the x-axis
therefore they satisfied the equation. \q=0
Þ m + 2n = 1 ... (i) Let P = (p, 0)
and 2m + n = 1 ... (ii) A = (1, 2) and B = (2, 3)
Given: PA = PB
1
From eqs. (i) and (ii), we get m = n = Þ PA2 = PB2
3 Þ (1 – p)2 + 4 = (2 – p)2 + 9
41. (c) Since required line is parallel to y-axis therefore its equa- Þ 1 + p2 – 2p – 4 – p2 + 4p = 5
tion is x = 2. ( Q Required line passes through Þ 2p = 8
(2, – 3)) Þp=4
42. (c) Required locus is X = – 8 which is at a distance of 8 Hence, p = 4, q = 0
units to the left of Y-axis.
x y
43. (a) Given equation of straight lines are x – 3y – 2 = 0 and 2x 48. (a) Given equation of line is + =1
– 6y – 6 = 0 a b
Here, a1 = 1, a2 = 2, b1 = – 3, b2 = – 6, Þ bx + ay – ab = 0 (0,0)
c1 = – 2, c2 = – 6
a1 1 b1 1 c1 1 b.0 + a.0 - ab
Now, = , = , = p=
a2 2 b2 2 c2 3 b2 + a 2 p
a1 b1 c1 ab
Þ = ¹ p=
a2 b2 c2 b2 + a 2
\ Both straight lines never intersect.
44. (c) Since, (a, 0), (0, b) and (1, 1) are collinear.
bx +ay – ab = 0
a 0 1 on squaring both side, we get
\ 0 b 1 =0 a 2b 2 1 a2 + b 2 1 1
1 1 1 p2 = Þ = = +
2 2 2 2 2 2
a +b p a b b a2
Þ a (b – 1) + 1 (0 – b) = 0 49. (a) Given equation of lines are
Þ ab – a – b = 0 x + 2y – 9 = 0 Þ 2y = – x + 9
Þ a + b – ab = 0
45. (b) Let B be the foot of perpendicular AB. 1 9
Þy= - x+ ...(1)
2 2
A(2, 3)
and kx + 4y + 5 = 0 Þ 4y = – kx – 5
-k 5
Þy= x– ...(2)
4 4
Since line (1)and line (2) are parallel therefore their slopes
are equal.
B -1 - k
x + y – 11 = 0 = Þk=2
2 4
Now, x + y – 11 = 0 50. (d) Equation of a line parallel to x-axis at a distance of 5
Þ y = – x + 11 ...(1) units below x-axis is y = – 5
Þ Slope = – 1 ...(2)
Since, AB is perpendicular to x + y – 11 = 0 Y
\ product of their slopes = – 1
Þ – 1+ Slope of AB = – 1
Þ Slope of AB = 1
Now, equation of AB is given as X¢ X
y – 3 = 1 (x – 2) (using slope point form)
Þy–x=1 ...(3) y = –5
Now, foot of perpendicular
= Point of intersection of line AB and x + y – 11= 0
So, on solving equation (1) and (2) we get x = 5, y = 6.
Hence, B = (5, 6).
n ( n - 3) Y¢
46. (b) A n-sided regular polygon have diagonals.
2
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-147

51. (a) Given line is x – y = 4 58. (d) There can not be any point which is equidistant from
slope = 1 i.e. m = 1 three collinear points.
Since required line passes through (0, 1)
\ Locus = null set.
\ y – 1 = m(x – 0)
Þ y – 1 = 1 (x) Þ y = x + 1 59. (a) Let P (x, y) be the point.
52. (b) By using Distance formula, Let A = (1, 0) and B = (0, –2) then
A(– 4, 2) PA = PB
Þ (PA)2 = (PB)2.
Þ (x – 1)2 + y2 = x2 + (y + 2)2.
Þ 1– 2x = 4y + 4
Þ 2x + 4y + 3 = 0
60. (a) Let A (5, 1); B (1, –1) and C (11, 4) are the given points.
-1 - 1 -2 1
B(0, – 1) C (3, 3) Slope of AB = = =
-4 -4 2
We have, AB = ( 0 + 4 ) 2 + ( -1 - 2 ) 2 = 16 + 9 = 5
4 - ( -1) 5 1
Slope of BC = = =
BC = 9 + 16 = 5 11 - 1 10 2
2
CA = 49 + (1) = 50 = 5 2 Slope of AB = Slope of BC
Þ AB || BC and B is a common point
Hence, Required Perimeter =AB + BC + CA
Þ Points, A, B, C lie on a same straight line.
= 10 + 5 2 Þ A (5, 1); B (1, –1) and C(11, 4) are collinear.
53. (c) Given points are (a + b, a – b) and (– a, b) 61. (d) The given lines are :-
æ a + b -a a – b+ b ö æ b a ö 3x + 4y = 9
Mid point is ç , ÷=ç , ÷
è 2 2 ø è2 2ø
9 3
Since, it lies on ax + by = k Þ y= - x .... (i)
4 4
æbö æaö
\ a ç ÷ + b ç ÷ = k Þ k = ab
è2ø è2ø -7 3x
and 9x + 12y + 28 = 0 Þ y = - .... (ii)
54. (c) Given line, 7x – 3y = 4 3 4
Þ 3y = 7x – 4
We have,
æ7ö æ4ö
Þ y= ç ÷ x-ç ÷ -3 9 -7
è3ø è3ø m= ; C1 = ; C 2 =
4 4 3
7
\ Slope =
3
The slope of the line perpendicular to 7x – 3y = 4 is 9 æ 7ö
C1 - C2 -ç- ÷
4 è 3 ø 11
æ -3 ö . Now, Distance = = = units
ç ÷ 1 + m2 9 3
è 7 ø 1+
If ‘q’ is the angle between the perpendicular line with 16
-3 -3 62. (b) Let A (2, 6); B (3, 4); C (4, 5) and D (–2, 5) are the given
slope and x-axis, then = tan q Þ q is negative.
7 7 points. Let O be the origin, i.e. O (0, 0)
55. (a) Given lines are
3x + 4y = 9 ...(1) OA = ( 2 - 0 ) 2 + ( 6 - 0 )2 = 40 = 2 10 units
2 (3x + 4y = 9) ...(2)
Which are parallel to each other.
9-9
OB = (3 - 0 )2 + ( 4 - 0 )2 = 9 + 16 = 5 units
0
Distance between them = = =0
9 + 16 5
OC = ( 4 - 0 )2 + ( 5 - 0 ) 2 = 16 + 25 = 41 units
y
56. (d) p= = y
1 OD = ( -2 - 0 )2 + ( 5 - 0 )2 = 4 + 25 = 29 units
57. (c) The line making an angle –120° with x-axis is situated
in the third quadrant. So, q = OB = 5 units is the correct answer.
\ –120° means 120° clockwise which goes in 3rd
quadrant.
 EBD_7346
M-148 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
67. (a) Equation of a straight line in intercept form is
Y x y 3 4
+ =1 Þ + =1 .... (i)
q a b a b
63. (c)
A (4, 3)
M(0, 3) Given, a + b = 14 .... (ii)
On solving (i) and (ii) we get
p
3 4
L + = 1 Þ a 2 – 13a + 42 = 0
X¢ X a 14 - a
O (4, 0) Þ (a – 7) (a – 6) = 0
Þ a = 6 and b = 8
or a = 7 and b = 7.
\ Required eqns are 4x + 3y = 24 or x + y = 1.
68. (b) Let the required point be P (x, x)
Y¢
Since PA = PB
Þ (PA)2 = (PB)2
Þ (x + 1)2 + x2 = x2 + (x – 5)2
p= ( 4 - 4 ) 2 + ( 3 - 0 )2 =3
Þ x2 + 1 + 2x = x2 + 25 – 10x
Þ 12 x = 24 Þ x = 2
q= ( 4 - 0 )2 + ( 3 - 3 ) 2 =4 Hence, Required point is (2, 2).
Now, 4 p = 4 × 3 = 12 69. (a) Required Area
3q = 3 × 4 = 12
\ 4 p = 3q 3 0 1
64. (c) Let P(x, y) be the point of division that divides the line 1 1
joining (3, –5) and (–4, 7) in the ratio of k : 1 = 0 4 1 = [3 ( 4 - 4 ) + 1( 0 - 12 )] = 6
2 2
3 4 1
7k - 5
Now, y = .... (i)
k +1 70. (b) Suppose equation of line is
Since, P lies on y = 0 or x -axis then, from eq. (i)
7k - 5 5 x y
0= Þ 7k = 5 Þ k = + =1
k +1 7 5 3
Þ 3x + 5y – 15 = 0
65. (d) The equation of the required line is, Now, length of perpendicular from (4, 4) on 3x + 5y – 15
y = mx + c ..... (i)
where m = tan 45° = 1 = 0 is
and c = y – intercept = 101 units
3.4 + 5.4 - 15 17 17 × 17
\ from (i) P= = =
y = x + 101 Þ x – y + 101 = 0 34 34 17 × 2
66. (b)
A (2, 4)
17
P=
2
71. (b) Given equation can be written as
y= 3x - 1 on comparing with y = mx + c

B C We get tan q = 3 Þ q = 60°

(2, 6) (2 + 3 , k)
72. (b) Given lines are
Since, ABC is an equilateral D, 2x – y = 2 and 2x – y = –3 since,
\ AB = BC = CA Both lines are parallel so they will never meet.
Consider BC = AC
3 -1 8
Þ 2
3 + ( k - 6) = 3 + ( k - 4)
2
73. (c) For infinite solution = =
9 -k 24
Þ 39 + k 2 - 12k = k 2 - 8k + 19 1 1
Þ = Þk =3
Þ k – 12 k + 39 = k2 – 8k + 19
2
3 k
Þ – 4 k = – 20
k =5
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-149

A (0, 2) 4 ´ 1 + 3 ´1 + 2K 7 + 2K
d2 = =
32 + 4 2 5

d1 = d2
7 + 2K = 6
74. (b) 1
k= -
(2, 0) 2
O B 78. (a) Let moving point be P (x, y)

1 (y - 2)2 + (x - 1) 2 = (y - 3)2 + (x + 2)2

Area of DOAB = × OB × OA Þ (y + 2)2 + (x – 1)2 = (y – 3)2 + (x + 2)2
2
Þ y2 + 4 + 4y + x2 + 1 – 2x = y2 + 9 – 6y + x2 + 4x + 4
1 Þ 10y – 6x – 8 = 0
= × 2 × 2 = 2 square unit.
2 \ Locus of P is a straight line.
75. (c)
A(1, a) B(3, a)
79. (c) (0, y) (x, y)

0 (x, 0)

D(x, b) C(2, b)
(x - 0)2 + (y + y)2 = (x - x) 2 + (y - 0) 2
ABCD is a parallelogram.
Þ (x - 0) 2 = (y - 0) 2
a -a
AB || DC, then slope of line AB = slope of line DC
3 -1 Þ x2 = y2
b-y Þ y= ± x
= Þy=b 80. (c) Slope of line joining (5, 2) and (0, 0)
2-x
a-y a-b 2-0 2
Also, AD || BC, = tan A = m1 = =
1- x 3- 2 5-0 5
Slope of line joining (6, –15) and (0, 0)
a-b a -b a-b 1
= Þ ´ =1 -15 -5
1- x 3 - 2 1- x a-b tan B = m2 = =
6 2
1–x =1
x=0 2æ 5ö
Then points D are (0, b) Now, m1.m2 = ç - ÷ = -1
5è 2ø
-3 -5 Hence, both lines are perpendicular. and than angle
76. (a) 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 or y = x+
4 4 p
between them =
-3 2
Slope =
4 81. (b) 4x2 + 9y2 = 36
-1 4 x2 y2
Slope of required line, m = = + =1
3 3
- 32 22
4
Also line passes through (4, –5) 22 8
Length of latus rectum = 2 ´ =
4 3 3
Equation of line, y + 5 = (x - 4) 82. (c) Equation of line
3
Þ 3y + 15 = 4x – 16 7+2
Þ 4x – 3y – 31 = 0 y+ 2 = (x – 5)
-4 - 5
3 ´ 1 + 4 ´1 - 1 6 Þ y + 2 = –x + 5
77. (d) d1 = = Þ x+ y= 3
2
3 +4 2 5
 EBD_7346
M-150 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
83. (d) Slope of x + y = 1 is –1 Þ (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = (x – 5)2 + (y + 2)2
Slope of x – y = 1 is 1 Þ x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 8y + 16
Let tan A = –1, tan B = 1 = x2 – 10x + 25 + y2 + 4y + 4
Þ 4x – 12y = 4
3p p
A= ,B= Þ x – 3y = 1 ...(i)
4 4 Q Area of DPAB = 10
p
A–B= x y 1
2 1
3 4 1
\ 2 = ± 10
æ 2- 2+3 3-5+ 5ö 5 -2 1
84. (a) Centroid = ç , ÷
è 3 3 ø
Þ x (4 + 2) – y (3 – 5) + 1 (–6 – 20) = ± 20
= (1, 1) Þ 6x + 2y – 26 = ± 20
x y Þ 6x + 2y – 26 = 20
85. (b) Let line be + =1 or, 6x + 2y – 26 = – 20
a b
Þ 6x + 2y = 46 ...(ii)
1 1 or 6x + 2y = 6 ...(iii)
given that = m and =n
a b From eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
x = 7, y = 2
1 1
a= ,b= Similarly, from eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
m n x = 1, y = 0
equation of line, mx + ny = 1 Hence, coordinates of P are (7, 2) or (1, 0)
86. (c) All three points (0, 5), (2, –1) and (3, – 4) lie on 90. (b) Given equation of line is
3x + y = 5
x -1 y - 2
=
(0 - 1)2 + (5 - 2)2 = 10 2 3
Þ 3x – 3 = 2y – 4 Þ 3x – 2y + 1 = 0
(2 - 1) 2 + (– 1 - 2) 2 = 10
3x 1
Þ y= +
(3 - 1)2 + (-4 - 2)2 = 40 = 2 10 2 2
and equation of second line is 2x + 3y = 5
Y -2 5
Þ y= x+
3 3
B (0, y) 3
(1, 2) \ Slope of first line, m1 =
87. (c) 2
X¢ X
O A(x, 0) 2
and slope of second line, m2 = -
3
\ m1m2 = – 1
Hence, two lines are perpendicular to each other.
Y¢ 91. (a) A circumcentre is a point at which perpendicular
bisectors meet each other.
0+ x 0+ y
= 1; =2 Here, ‘E’ represents circumcentre
2 2
x = 2; y = 4 A
(–2, 3)
Equation of line passing through (2, 0) and (0, 4)
4-0 æ 1 5ö
y– 0 = (x - 2) (x, y) F çè – 2 , 2 ÷ø
0-2
y = –2x + 4 E
2x + y = 4
x y
88. (a) Let equation of line be + = 1 or x + y = a
a a B D C
line passing through (4, 3), then a = 0 (2, 1) æ3 3ö (1, 2)
Required equation, x + y = 7 çè , ÷ø
2 2
89. (c) Given A (3, 4) and B (5, –2)
Let, P (x, y)
Given that, PA = PB æ 2 +1 1+ 2 ö æ 3 3ö
Þ PA2 = PB2
Mid-point of BC = ç , ÷ =ç , ÷
è 2 2 ø è2 2ø
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-151

\ y – 2 = –x + 1
2 –1
Slope of BC = 1 – 2 = –1 \ x + y– 3 = 0 ... (i)
suur
and equation of AD is
\ Slope of DE = 1
(y – 3) = 1(x + 2)
suur æ 3ö æ 3ö \ x – y+ 5 = 0 ... (ii)
Now, equation of ED is ç y – ÷ = 1ç x – ÷ From equations (i) and (ii),
è 2 ø è 2ø
x = –1 and y = 4
\ 2y – 3 = 2x – 3
\ Foot of altitude from the vertex A of the triangle
\ x= y ... (i)
ABC is (–1, 4)
æ –2 + 1 3 + 2 ö æ 1 5 ö \ Option (d) is correct.
Now, mid-point of AC = ç , ÷ =ç– , ÷ 94. (b) A line passes through (2, 2) and is perpendicular to the
è 2 2 ø è 2 2ø
line 3x + y = 3
3–2 1 Slope of line 3x + y = 3 is –3
Slope of AC = =–
–2 – 1 3 1
\ Slope of EF = 3 Slope of line which passes through (2, 2) is
3
sur æ 5ö æ 1ö \ Equation of line passes through (2, 2) and having
Now, equation of EF is ç y – ÷ = 3 ç x + ÷
è 2 ø è 2ø æ1ö
slope ç ÷ is
\ 2y – 5 = 6x + 3 ... (ii) è3ø
From equations (i) and (ii),
x = –2 and y = –2 1
(y – 2) = (x – 2)
Hence, circumcentre of DABC is (x, y) = (–2, –2) 3
\ Option (a) is correct. \ 3y – 6 = x – 2
92. (b) Centroid of the triangle \ x – 3y + 4 = 0
In order to find y-intercept of the line
æ x1 + x 2 + x 3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 ö
=ç , ÷ Put x = 0 in x – 3y + 4 = 0
è 3 3 ø \ –3y = – 4

A 4
(x1, y1) (–2, 3) \ y=
3
\ Option (b) is correct.
95. (b) 6x + 8y + 15 = 0 ... (i)
and 3x + 4y + 9 = 0 ... (ii)
6x + 8y + 15 = 0
B (2, 1) C (1, 2)
(x2, y2) (x3, y3) d

æ –2 + 2 + 1 3 + 1 + 2 ö æ 1 ö 6x + 8y + 18 = 0
=ç , ÷ = ç , 2÷
è 3 3 ø è3 ø Multiply equation (ii) by 2, we get
\ Option (b) is correct. 6x + 8y + 18 = 0
2 –1 Distance between the straight lines
93. (d) Slope of BC = = –1
1– 2 c 2 – c1 18 – 15 3
A = = unit
a 2 + b2 10
(–2, 3) (6)2 + (8)2
\ Option (b) is correct.
96. (b)
A
(2, 1)
B D C (1, 2) C
(x, y) 5
Slope of AD = 1
suur 60° 120°
Now, equation of BC is
O B
y – 2 = –1(x – 1)
 EBD_7346
M-152 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
In DOCB,
5 5 A y = 5x
sin 60° = Þ OB =
OB sin 60°
c æ -1ö
y=ç ÷x+c
5´ 2 10 è 5ø
OB = =
3 3 L
In DACO, 0 5c B
ÐOAC = 30°
Putting x = 0
5 5´ 2
sin 30° = Þ AO = = 10 1
AO 1 y = - ´0+ c
Normal form of line AB 5
y= c
X Y
+ =1 1
OB OA area DAOB = × c × 5c
2
3X Y
+ =1 1
10 10 5= ´ 5c 2
2
Þ 3X + Y = 10.
c=± 2
x y
97. (a) + =1 ... (i) æ 1ö
a b y = ç- ÷x ± 2
è 5ø
x y
and + =1 ... (ii) 5y + x ± 5 2 = 0
b a
From solving equations (i) and (ii), we get the
intersection point. 99. (b)
bx + ay = ax + by 8x – 3y = 2
Þ (b – a)x = (b – a)y Q
\ x= y ... (iii)
æ 1ö
x x ç 0, ÷ æ1 ö
Þ + =1 è 4ø ç ,0÷
a b è4 ø
x
\ x(a + b) = ab O P y=0
ab ab
\ x= and y = from equation (iii) æ 2ö
a+b a+b ç 0, - ÷ R
è 3ø
Now, equation of lin e joining (0, 0) and
æ ab ab ö 4x + 4y = 1
ç , ÷
èa + b a + bø So from the figure it is clear that all the three lines are
Here, slope of line = 1 concurrent at point P.
\ y= x
\ x–y=0
100. (c)
\ Option (a) is correct. B
98. (a) 5x – y = 0 (0, 6) 3x + 4y – 24 = 0
y = 5x ...(1)
D
Slope = 5
1
Slope of perpendicular line will be - .
5 A
O (8, 0)
Let equation of line is
æ 1ö
y =ç- ÷x +c ...(2)
è 5ø
Putting y = 0
x = 5c
OB = 5c Since circumcentre of right angled triangle lies on the
Intersecting point A midpoint of hypotenuse.
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-153

æ 0+8 6+0ö Q Coordinates of Q are (3, 0) & it passes through PQ.

So mid point of AB is ç , ÷ or (4, 3) \ Putting the values of (x = 3) & (y = 0) in options we get:
è 2 2 ø Equation of line PQ = 7x + y – 21 = 0
101. (c) If length of perpendicular be p1 from the point (4, 0) 104. (d) As we know that line PQ intersects x-axis and y-axis at
P and Q.
12 cos f - 15 Y
p1 =
( 3cos f )2 + ( 5 cos f )2 Q (0, y)
15 - 12 cos f M (3, 5)
= 10
(3cos f)2 + (5cos f) 2
X' X
If length of perpendicular be p2 from the point (– 4, 0) O 6 P (x, 0)

-12 cos f - 15
p2 =
( 3cos f) 2 + ( 5 cos f) 2

=
(12 cos f + 15) Y'
Q M is the mid point of PQ
( 3cos f) 2 + ( 5sin f) 2 x+0 0+ y
\ = 3 and =5
2 2
(15 - 12 cos f )(12 cos f + 15 )
p1 .p 2 = Þ x = 6 and y = 10
( 3 cos f )2 + ( 5 sin f )2
1
2 2 Hence area of triangle OPQ = ´ 6 ´ 10 = 30 sq. unit
(225 - 144 cos f) 9(25 - 16 cos f) 2
= =
2
9 cos f + 25sin f 2
25 - 16 cos 2 f 105. (a) OAB is triangle.
= 9 Y
102. (a) 2x = 3y = – z
x y z (3/2, 9) B y=9
P
or = = A (3, 9)
3 2 -6 y = 6x
6x = – y = – 4z y = 3x
(2, 6)
x y z Straight lines
or = =
2 -12 -3
(1, 3)
x1x 2 + y1y2 + z1z 2
cos q =
x12 + y12 + z12 × x 22 + y22 + z 32 X¢ X
O
( 6 - 24 + 18)
Y¢
=
32 + 22 + ( -6) . 22 + ( -12 ) + ( -3)
2 2 2

cosq = 0 1 1
Area of triangle = × base × height = ´ AB ´ OP
q = 90° 2 2
So lines are perpendicular
1 3 27
= ´ ´9 =
103. (a) Y 2 2 4
x+3 27
2 y= Area of triangle = square units
P 4
(1, 2) A (3,2)
90° æ3 ö
(–1, 1) 106. (b) Coordinates of O, A, B are (0, 0) ç , 9 ÷ , (3, 9)
90° è2 ø
X¢ X respectively.
O Q (3,0)
éæ 3 ö ù
êç 0 + 2 + 3÷ æ 0 + 9 + 9 ö ú æ 3 ö
\ Centroid C = êç ÷ , çè ÷ ú = ç , 6÷
êç 3 3 øú è 2 ø
÷
êëè ø úû

Y¢
 EBD_7346
M-154 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
107. (c) y = | x – 1 | and | x | = 2 111. (c) Suppose Mid point of AC and BD is M (a, b).
ì x -1 x ³ 1 D (3, 5) C (x, 6)
y=í
î1 - x x < 1
y=1–x
A y=x–1 M (a, b)
(–2, 3)

D O
3 (–1,2) (2, 1)
(0, 1) A (1, 2) B (4, y)
1
1+ x 3 + 4
–1 1B a= =
(–2, 0) C E 2 2
3 (1, 0)1 (2, 0)
Þx= 6
x = –2 x=2 5+ y 2+ 6
b= =
2 2
Þy= 3
and x = 2
x = –2 7
Hence curves intersect at (–2, 3) and (2, 1). a= ,b= 4
2
108. (c) Bounded region is shaded.
So area of bounded region has two triangles ACB and AC 2 = (1 - x)2 + (2 - 6)2 = (1 - 6) 2 + (-4)2 = 41
BDE.
BD 2 = (3 - 4)2 + (5 - 3)2 = 1 + 4 = 5
1 9 AC2 – BD2 = 41 – 5
Area of DACB = ´ 3 ´ 3 =
2 2
AC 2 - BD 2 = 36
1 1
Area of DBDE = ´ 1´ 1 =
2 2 æ7 ö
Area of region bounded by curves and x-axis is 112. (a) Point of intersection (a, b) is ç , 4 ÷ .
è2 ø
9 1 113. (d) Area of parallelogram = 2 area of D ADB
Area = DACB + DBDE = + = 5 square units r uuuv
2 2 a = AB = (4 - 1)iˆ + (3 - 2) ˆj
Sol. (109 -110) : r uuur
Equations of lines b = AD = (3 - 1)iˆ + (5 - 2) ˆj
x +y+1=0
3x + 2y + 1 = 0 é1 r r ù r r
\ Area of parallelogram = 2 ê a ´ b ú = a ´ b
3x + 3y + 3 = 0 ë2 û
3x + 2y + 1 = 0
– – – – iˆ ˆj kˆ
r r
y = –2 Now; a ´ b = 3 1 0 = 7 kˆ.
x=1
Points of intersection (1, –2). 2 3 0
109. (d) Equation of x-axis r r
y=0 \ Area = a ´ b = 7kˆ = 49 = 7 square unit
Line parallel to x axis is 114. (a) M º mid point of line segment PQ
y=k
If this line passes through (1, –2) then P M Q
k = –2 (K, 4) (a, 2b) (10, –6)
Þ y = –2
Þy+2=0 K + 10
= a Þ K = (2a - 10)
Equation of line passing through (1, –2) and parallel to 2
x-axis is
4-6
y+2=0 2b = = -1
110. (b) Equation of y-axis 2
x=0 given a – 2b = 7 ...(1)
Equation of line parallel to y-axis is Put the values of a & b in eq (1), we get
x=k K + 10
If this line passes through (1, –2 then) +1 = 7
x=1 2
Hence equation of line which passes through point of K + 10
intersection of given line (1, –2) and parallel to y-axis = 6 Þ K = 12 - 10
2
x=1
Þx–1=0 K =2
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-155

115. (c) Let ABC is equilateral triangle with A(0, 0) and

dy 2 y
B (3, 3) and C to be known. 119. (b) =
dx x
\ AB = (3 - 0) 2 + ( 3 - 0) 2 = 9 + 3 = 12 dy dx
Þ =2
Take option (a) i.e. C (0, 2 3) y x
On integration
CA = 02 + (2 3)2 = 12
dy dx
2
CB = (3) + ( 3) = 12 2 ò y = 2ò x
Take option (b) i.e. C (3, - 3) Þ log y = 2log x + log a
CA = 32 + ( 3)2 = 12 Þ log y = log x2 + log a

CB = (0) 2 + (2 3)2 = 12 Þ log y = log( x 2 × a )

\ Both option (a) and (b) are correct.
116. (d) Intersecting lines are : x+2y = 5 & 3x + 7y = 17 Þ y = x2a
On solving these we get : x = 1 & y = 2 at (1, 1); a = 1
Equation of perpendicular line is
æ1ö
-3 Þ x2 = y = 4 ç ÷ y
3x + 4y = 10 or y = x +10 è4ø
4
Þ the curve is parabola.
-3
So, slope = 120. (d) Midpoint of AB = (– 1, 2)
4
æ x 2 + 1 y2 + 1 ö
Þ Slope of required line =
4 Þç , ÷ = ( -1, 2 )
3 è 2 2 ø
\ Equation of given line is
4 (1, 1)
(y – 2) = (x – 1) or 4x –3y + 2 = 0 A
3
8a + 6b + 1
117. (b) Here = 1 Þ 8a + 6b + 1 = 10 (–1, 2) (3, 2)
82 + 62
Þ 8a + 6b + 1 = ± 10
Þ 8a + 6b + 1 = 10 & 8a + 6b + 1= – 10
Þ 8a + 6b – 9 = 0 & 8a + 6b + 11 = 0 B C
(x2, y2) (x1, y1)
118. (d) The given line passes through (–3, 5) and (2, 0). Its
equation is
y
æ y2 - y1 ö x2 + 1 y +1
y - y1 = ç ÷ ( x - x1 ) Þ = -1; 2 =2
2 2
è x2 - x1 ø
x x Þ x2 + 1 = – 2 ; y2 + 1 = 4
(2, 0)
æ 0-5ö Þ x2 = – 3, y2 = 3
Þ ( y - 5) = ç ÷ ( x + 3)
è 2+3ø y (–3, 5) Midpoint of AC = (3, 2)
Þ y = –x + 2 ...(1)
Slope = m = –1 æ x1 + 1 y1 + 1 ö
Þç , = ( 3, 2 )
è 2 2 ÷ø
1
and slope of perpendicular line = - =1
Þ x1 + 1 = 6 ; y1 + 1 = 4
m
Equation of this line passing through (3, 3) is : Þ x1 = 5, y1 = 3
(y – 3) = 1 (x – 3) So, vertices of triangle ABC are (1, 1), (–3, 3), (5, 3)
Þ y = x.
From eq. (1) we get, æ 1- 3 + 5 1+ 3 + 3 ö æ 3 7 ö æ 7 ö
So, centroid = ç , ÷ = ç , ÷ = ç1, ÷
x = –x + 2 è 3 3 ø è3 3ø è 3ø
Þ x = 1 and y = 1.
 EBD_7346
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( )
121. (d) Vertices of triangle, A 1, 3 , B ( 0, 0 ) , C ( 2, 0 )
Þ
2 ( K - 1)
=
-2
observe the figure, K +1 7
BD = 1, DC = 1, AD = 3 Þ 7K – 7 = – K – 1
3
1, 3 Þ 8K = 6 Þ K =
4
A
3
\ K :1 = :1 = 3 : 4
4
2 2 124. (a) The equation of line parallel to
2x + 3y + 1 = 0 is 2x + 3y + K = 0
3 It is passing through point (–1, 2)
B C \ 2 (– 1) + 3 (2) + K = 0
(0, 0) Þ–2+6+K=0ÞK =–4
D 1 (2, 0) \ Eqn. is 2x + 3y – 4 = 0
1
So, AB = 2. AC = 2 (Using Pythagoras theorem) 125. (a) Centroid of given triangle
So, given triangle is equilateral triangle æ 7 + y + 9 x - 6 + 10 ö
In equilateral triangle, Incentre is controid only. =ç , ÷
è 3 3 ø
æ1+ 0 + 2 3 + 0 + 0 ö
\ Incentre = çç 3 , ÷÷ æ 16 + y x + 4 ö
è 3 ø Þç , ÷ = ( 6, 3)
è 3 3 ø
æ3 3ö Þ 16 + y = 18 ; x + 4 = 9
=ç ,
ç 3 3 ÷÷ Þy= 2; x = 5
è ø 126. (b) Given points, A(a, b), B(0, 0), C(–a, –b), D(ab, b2).
æ 1 ö b-0 b
= ç 1, ÷ Slope of AB = =
è 3ø a-0 a
122. (a) Given vertices of parallelogram are b
(– 2, – 1), (1, 0), (4, 3) Slope of BC =
a
A (–2, –1) B (1, 0) b
Slope of AC =
a
b
Slope of BD = .
a
So, the points are collinear.
D (x, y) C (4, 3) 127. (d) The line 4x + y = 4 can be written as y = –4x + 4.
So, slope is –4.
Let the fourth vertex be (x, y)
The line parallel to 4x + y = 4 will have slope –4 only.
We know, in a parallelogram diagonals bisect each
Given point = (1, 3)
other.
Equation of line passing through (1, 3) and slope –4 is
i.e, Midpoint of AC = Midpoint of BD
y – 3 = –4 (x – 1)
æ -2 + 4 -1 + 3 ö æ X + 1 Y + 0 ö Þ y – 3 = –4x + 4 Þ 4x + y = 7.
Þç , ÷=ç , ÷ Solving the two equations, we get
è 2 2 ø è 2 2 ø
æ X +1 Y + 0 ö 2x + 3y = 6 Þ 4x + 6y = 12
Þ (1,1) = ç , ÷ 4x + y = 7
è 2 2 ø
ÞX+1=2 ;Y+0 =2 (-) (-) (-)
Þ X = 1, Y = 2
5y = 5 Þ y = 1
æ 2K - 2 -4K + 2 ö
123. (b) C=ç , ÷ 2x + 3y = 6 Þ 2x + 3(1) = 6
è K +1 K +1 ø
3
2K - 2 -2 Þ 2x = 3 Þ x = .
So, = 2
K +1 7
æ3 ö
æ - 2 - 20 ö Distance between the points (1, 3) and çè ,1÷ø is
Cç , 2
è 7 7 ÷ø
2 2
æ3 ö æ 1ö 1 17 17
çè - 1÷ø + (1 - 3) = çè ÷ø + ( -2) =
2 2
A 1 B +4 = = .
k 2 2 4 4 2
(–2, 2) (2, –4)
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-157

128. (a) Slope of the required line, m = tan 120° = - 3 131. (d) Given, angle (q) = 30°
(since it is making angle with positive direction of x-axis).
Given, line cuts off an intercept of 5 units on negative
direction of y-axis. This means line is intersecting y-
axis at (0, –5)
P = (0, –5) and m = - 3.

\ Equation of line is y - ( -5) = - 3 ( x - 0)

Þ y + 5 = - 3x

Þ y + 3x + 5 = 0.
129. (b) Required line is (2x – 3y + 7) + k(7x + 4y + 2) = 0.
Given that this line passes through (2, 3)
\ (2(2) – 3(3) + 7) + k(7(2) + 4(3) + 2) = 0.
Þ 4 – 9 + 7 + k(14 + 12 + 2) = 0 1
\ m = tan 30° = .
Þ 2 + k(28) = 0 3
-1 Point = (–2, 0) i.e., C = –2.
Þ 28k = -2 Þ k = . Slope-intercept form is y = mn + c
14
\ Required line 1
Þy= x -2
æ -1ö 3
Þ ( 2x - 3y + 7 ) + ç ÷ ( 7x + 4y + 2) = 0
è 14 ø
Þ 3y = x - 2 3
Þ 28x – 42y + 98 – 7x – 4y – 2 = 0
Þ 21x – 46y + 96 = 0. Þ x - 3y - 2 3 = 0 .
130. (a) Let A(x, y) be the point that divides (4, 3) and (5, 7) 132. (c) Given lines,
internally is ratio 2:3 x + 2y – 3 = 0 ....(1)
2x – y + 5 = 0 ....(2)
æ mx 2 + nx1 my2 + ny1 ö
A = ( x, y ) = ç , ÷
è m+n m+n ø 2x + 4y - 6 = 0
(1) ´ 2 Þ
2x - y + 5 = 0
æ 10 + 12 14 + 9 ö æ 22 23ö
=ç , = ,
( 2) Þ
è 2 + 3 2 + 3 ÷ø çè 5 5 ÷ø . (-) (+) (-)
Let B(x¢, y¢) be point that divides (4, 3) and (5, 7) 11 .
externally in ratio 2 : 3 5y - 11 = 0 Þ y =
5
æ mx - nx1 my2 - ny1 ö
B = ( x¢, y¢ ) = ç 2 ,
è m-n m - n ÷ø (1) Þ x + 2 æçè
11ö
÷ -3= 0
5ø
æ 10 - 12 14 - 9 ö
=ç , ÷ = ( 2, – 5) 22 7 -7
è 2-3 2-3 ø Þ x+ -3= 0 Þ x+ = 0Þ x = .
5 5 5
2 2 Given, the required line is parallel to y – x + 10 = 0.
Distance between A and B = ( x¢- x) +( y¢- y) Þ y = x – 10
Þ y = (1) x + (–10)
2 2 \ slope (m) = 1
æ 22 ö æ 23 ö
= ç 2 - ÷ + ç -5 - ÷ \ Required line with slope 1 and passing through
è 5ø è 5ø
æ -7 11ö
çè , ÷ø is
( -12) 2
( -48) 2 5 5
= + y – y1 = m(x – x1)
25 25
11 æ 7ö
12 12 Þ y- = 1ç x + ÷
= 1 + 42 = 17 . 5 è 5ø
5 5
Þ 5y – 11 = 5x + 7 Þ 5x – 5y + 18 = 0.
 EBD_7346
M-158 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
133. (c) 1: We know, the perpendicular distance from Þ 2x + y = 2a ....(1)
But this passes through (2, 3)
ax1 + by1 + c
\ 2a = 2(2) + 3 = 7
(x1, y1) to line ax + by + c = 0 is
a 2 + b2 7
Þa = .
Here, (x1, y1) = (0, 0) and distance = P. 2
a ( 0) + b ( 0) + (c) æ 7ö
\P = \ Equation of line is 2x + y = 2 çè ÷ø
2 2 2
a +b
Þ 2x + y = 7.
c2 135. (c) We know, the perpendicular distance (d) from point
Þ P2 =
a 2 + b2 ax1 + by1 + c
(x1, y1) to line ax + by + c = 0 is .
\ 1 is correct.
a 2 + b2
x y æ 1ö æ 1ö
2: Line is + = 1 Þ ç ÷ x + ç ÷ y + ( -1) = 0 Let us find a point on line 2x + 11y – 5 = 0.
a b è aø è bø for x = 0, 2(0) + 11y – 5 = 0
Þ 11y – 5 = 0
1 1
( 0) + ( 0 ) - 1 1 Þy=
5
.
a b
P= = 11
1 1 1 1
+ + 2 æ 5ö
a 2 b2 So, ( x, y) = çè 0, ÷ø .
2
a b
11
1 a 2 b2 Let us find perpendicular distances of this point to the
= P2 = = given lines.
1
1 b2 + a 2
+ 2
2
a b
24x + 7y = 20
l a 2 + b2 1 1 4x - 3y = 2
Þ = = + Þ 24x + 7y - 20 = 0
P2 a2b2 a b2 2 Þ 4x - 3y - 2 = 0
æ 5ö
2 is correct. 24 ( 0) + 7 ç ÷ - 20 æ 5ö
3: Line is y = mx + c Þ mx – y + c = 0.
è 11ø 4 ( 0) - 3 ç ÷ - 2
d1 = è 11ø
242 + 72 d2 =
m ( 0) - 0 + c 16 + 9
\P = 35
m2 + 1 - 20 -15
11 -2
= 11
625 =
c2 1 m2 + 1 25
Þ P2 = Þ =
m2 + 1 P2 c2 -185 37
11 185 37 =
3 is wrong. = = = 55
\ Only 1 and 2 are correct. 25 11 ´ 25 55
134. (b) Given line passes through (2, 3)
\ d1 = d2
x y
136. (d) Intercept form of line is + = 1.
a b
We know, the point which divides a line joining two
points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) in the ratio m:n is

(0, b)
3
x y (2, 3)
Intercept form: + =1 2
a b
x y
Þ + =1 (a, 0)
a 2a
Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight Line M-159

138. (a) (x2 – 2x + 1) + (4y2 – 4y + 1) = 0

æ mx 2 + nx1 my2 + ny1 ö
çè , ÷ Þ (x – 1)2 + (2y – 1)2 = 0
m+n m+n ø
1
Case 1: m:n = 2:3 Þ x = 1, y =
2
æ ( 2)( a ) + 3 ( 0) 2 ( 0 ) + 3 ( b ) ö It is a point.
\ ( 2, 3) = ç ,
è 2+3 2 + 3 ÷ø lm ¢ - l ¢m
139. (c) tan –1(q) = tan–1
ll ¢ + mm ¢
æ 2a 3b ö
Þ ( 2,3) = ç , ÷ lm ¢ - l ¢m
è 5 5 ø Þ q=
ll ¢ + mm ¢
2a 3b 140. (b) Using distance between two parallel lines formula.
Þ =2 ; =3
5 5 x y x y
141. (a) Given equatiosns: + = 1 and + = 1
Þ a = 5; b = 5. 2 3 3 2
x y æ 6 6ö
\ Equation of line is + =1Þ x + y = 5 Point of intersection = çè , ÷ø
5 5 5 5
Case 2: m:n = 3:2 Let equation of line be 4x + 5y + k = 0
æ 3 ( a ) + 2 ( 0 ) 3 ( 0) + 2 ( b ) ö æ 6 6ö 54
\ ( 2,3) = ç ; Putting çè , ÷ø , k = –
è 3+ 2 3 + 2 ÷ø 5 5 5
\ Equation of line is 20x + 25y – 54 = 0
æ 3a 2b ö
Þ ( 2,3) = ç , ÷ mr + ns
è 5 5 ø 142. (d) cosa =
m + n2 r2 + s2
2

3a 2b Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true.

Þ = 2; =3
5 5 143. (d) The length of perpendicular from (a, b) to line
x cos q + ysin q – p = 0
10 15
Þa= ,b = | a cos q + b sin q – p|
3 2 \ Statement 1 is false.
x y The length of perpendicular from (a, b) to line
+ =1
\ Equation of line is 10 15 x y
+ =1
3 2 a b

3x 2y x y
Þ + =1 + = 1 Þ bx + ay - ab = 0
10 15 a b
Þ 9x + 4y = 30
137. (b) Given lines, L1 = 3x + 4y – 9 = 0 ba + ab - ab
So, perpendicular is
15 a 2 + b2
L2 = 6x + 8y – 15 = 0 Þ 3x + 4y - = 0.
2 \ Statement 2 is also false.
Observe that the coefficients of x and y are same. 144. (d) Given, opposite vertices of rectangle are A (1, 3) and C
\ L1 and L2 are parallel lines. (5, 1)
We know, diagonals of rectangle bisect each other.
c1 - c2
So, midpoint of AC lies on line y = 2x + c.
Distance between parallel lines =
a 2 + b2
æ 1 + 5 3 +1 ö æ 6 4 ö
Mid point of AC = ç , ÷ = ç , ÷ = (3, 2)
15 è 2 2 ø è2 2ø
-9 +
2 y = 2x + c Þ 2 = 2(3) + c
= Þc=2–6= –4
32 + 4 2 145. (c) Given lines, 3y + 4x = 1 Þ 4x + 3y – 1 = 0
y= x + 5 Þx – y+ 5 = 0
-18 + 15 5y + bx = 3 Þ bx + 5y – 3 = 0
2 3 Since, these lines are concurrent,
= = .
25 10
 EBD_7346
M-160 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
149. (b) Given equation is y2 – 8x
4 3 -1 Take an arbitrary point on this curve. If we take y as P,
1 -1 5 =0
æ P2 ö
b 5 -3 then point is çç 8 , P ÷÷ .
è ø
Þ 4 (3 – 25) – 3 (–3 –5b) –1 (5 + b) = 0
Þ 4 (–22) + 9 + 15b – 5 – b = 0 æ P2 ö
Þ – 88 + 4 + 14b = 0 The distance between çç 8 , P ÷÷ and (4, 2) is
Þ –84 + 14b = 0 è ø
Þb=6 2
146. (b) Given line, y = x æ P2
2
ö
d =ç - 4 ÷ + ( P - 2)2 ...(1)
Þx –y=0 ç 8 ÷
è ø
-1
Slope of this line = =1 1
-1 = ( P 2 - 32) 2 + ( P - 2) 2
Slope of line perpendicular to this line = –1 64
The perpendicular line passes through (3, 2) dd 1
\ Equation is y – 2 = – 1 (x – 3) Þ y – 2 = – x + 3 Þ 2d . = ´ 2( P 2 - 32) ´ 2 P + 2( P - 2)
dp 64
Þ x+ y– 5 = 0 Þ x + y= 5
147. (a) Given lines : L1 º x + y – 4 = 0 1 2
L2 º 3x + y – 4 = 0 = ( P - 32) P + 2( P - 2)
16
L3 º x + 3y – 4 = 0
-1 dd
Slope of L1 = m1 = = -1 for minimum distance, dp = 0
1
Þ P3 – 32P + 32P – 64 = 0
-3
Slope of L2 = m2 = = -3 Þ P3 = 64
1 ÞP=4
-1 2
Slope of L3 = m3 = æ 16 ö
\ (1) Þ d 2 = ç - 4 ÷ + (4 - 2)2
3
è8 ø
Angle between L1 and L2
= (–2)2 + (2)2 = 8
-1 - ( -3) -1 + 3 1
Þ tan q1 = = = Þd = 8=2 2
1 + ( -1)( -3) 1+ 3 2 150. (b) Let p = a2x + b2y and xy = c2
Angle between L2 and L3
c2
Þy= ...(1)
æ -1 ö x
-3 - ç ÷
è 3 ø = -9 + 1 = 4
æ c2 ö
Þ tan q2 = æ -1 ö 3+3 3 Þ P = a 2 x + b2 ç ÷
1 + (-3) ç ÷ ç x ÷
3
è ø è ø
Angle between L1 and L3 dP b2 c2
Now, = 0 Þ a2 - =0
æ -1 ö dx x2
-1 - ç ÷
è 3 ø = -3 + 1 = 1 c 2 ac 2 ac
Þ tan q3 = æ -1 ö 3 +1 2 \y= = =
1 + (-1) ç ÷ bc bc b
3
è ø a
\ The triangle formed is an isosceles triangle.
b 2c2
148. (b) Given vertices of triangle are A (2, –3, 3), B (5, –3, –4) Þ a2 =
and C (2, –3, –2) x2
æ x1 + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 z1 + z2 + z3 ö bc æ bc ö æ ac ö
Centroid = ç 3
,
3
,
3 ÷ Þx= \ Pmin = a 2 ç ÷ + b2 ç ÷
è ø a è a ø è b ø
æ 2 + 5 + 2 -3 - 3 - 3 3 - 4 - 2 ö = abc + abc = 2abc.
=ç , , ÷
è 3 3 3 ø
= (3, –3, –1)
Pair of Straight Lines M-161

Pair of Straight Lines

8
1. The bisector of the acute angle between the straight lines 3x 8. What is the acute angle between the lines represented by
– 4y – 3 = 0 and 12x + 5y + 6 = 0 passes through which one the equations y - 3x - 5 = 0 and 3y - x + 6 = 0 ?
of the following points ? [2006-II]
[2016-I]
(a) (5, 3) (b) (– 3, 6)
(a) 30° (b) 45°
(c) (2, 7) (d) (– 1, 4)
2. What is the locus of the point of intersection of the straight (c) 60° (d) 75°
lines (x/a) + (y/b) = m and (x/a) – (y/b) = 1/m ? [2006-II] 9. What is the equation of the right bisector of the line
(a) Circle (b) Parabola segment joining (1, 1) and (2, 3)? [2016-II]
(a) 2x + 4y –11= 0 (b) 2x – 4y – 5= 0
(c) Ellipse (d) Hyperbola
3. What does the equation x3y + xy3 – xy = 0 represent? (c) 2x – 4y –11= 0 (d) x– y + 1 = 0
[2008-II] 10. What is the acute angle between the pair of straight lines
(a) A pair of straight lines only 2x + 3y = 1 and 3x + 2y = 2 ? [2017-I]
(b) A pair of straight lines and a circle
(c) A rectangular hyperbola only æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
(a) tan -1 ç ÷ (b) tan -1 ç ÷
(d) A rectangular hyperbola and a circle è2 6ø è 2ø
4. What is the value of l if the straight line (2x + 3y + 4) + l
(6x – y + 12) = 0 is parallel to y-axis? [2012-II] æ 1 ö
(c) tan -1 ( 3 ) tan -1 ç
(d) ÷
(a) 3 (b) – 6 è 3ø
(c) 4 (d) – 3
11. The angle between the lines x + y – 3 = 0 and x – y + 3 = 0
5. The value of k for which the lines 2x + 3y + a = 0 and
is a an d the acute angle between the lines
5x + ky + a = 0 represent family of parallel lines is [2013-II]
(a) 3 (b) 4.5 x - 3y + 2 3 = 0 and 3x - y + 1 = 0 is b. Which one of
(c) 7.5 (d) 15 the following is correct? [2017-II]
6. What is the equation of the line mid-way between the lines (a) a = b (b) a > b
3x – 4y + 12 = 0 and 3x – 4y = 6? [2014-I] (c) a < b (d) a = 2b
(a) 3x – 4y – 9 = 0 (b) 3x – 4y + 9 = 0 12. What is the angle between the straight lines (m2 – mn)
(c) 3x – 4y – 3 = 0 (d) 3x – 4y + 3 = 0 y = (mn + n2) x + n3 and (mn + m2) y = (mn – n 2) x + m3,
7. What is the product of the perpendiculars drawn from the where m > n? [2018-I]

points (± a 2 - b 2 , 0) upon the line bx cos a + ay sin æ 2mn ö æ 4m 2 n 2 ö

tan -1 ç tan -1 ç ÷
a = ab ? [2014-II] (a) è m 2 + n 2 ÷ø (b)
è m4 - n 4 ø
(a) a2 (b) b2
(c) a2 + b2 (d) a + b æ 4m 2 n 2 ö
(c) tan -1 ç ÷ (d) 45°
è m4 + n 4 ø

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (b) 4 (a) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (b) 8 (a) 9 (a) 10 (a)
11 (*) 12 (b)
 EBD_7346
M-162 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) The equations of given straight lines are -5
3x – 4y – 3 = 0 ...(1) Slope =
and 12x + 5y + 6 = 0 ...(2) k
Re-writing equations, so that constant term in both lines are parallel
have same sign. We write second equation so that its -2 -5
constant term is negative. Then, equation of bisector =
3 k
of the acute angle between the given straight lines is
15
3x - 4y - 3 (12x + 5y + 6) k= = 7.5
=- 2
2 2
3 +4 122 + 52 3
6. (d) 3x – 4y + 12 = 0 or y = x+3
3x - 4y - 3 -12x - 5y - 6 4
Þ =-
5 13 3 3
Þ 39 x – 52 y – 39 = – 60 x – 25 y –30 3x – 4y = 6 or y = x -
4 2
Þ – 60 x – 25 y – 30 – 39 x + 52 y + 39 = 0 Equation of line mid-way between these two lines
Þ – 99 x + 27 y + 9 = 0
Þ – 11x + 3y + 1 = 0 æ 3ö
3-
Putting x = 2 and y = 7 3 ç 2÷
y= x+ç
This equation is satisfied by (2, 7). 4 2 ÷
Thus, the bisector of acute angle between the given ç ÷
è ø
straight lines passes through (2, 7)
2. (d) The given equation of straight lines are 3 3
y= x+
x y 4 4
+ =m ...(i) 4y = 3x + 3
a b
3x – 4y + 3 = 0
x y 1 7. (b) Given equation of line is bx cos a + ay sin a = ab
and - = ...(ii)
a b m
From Eqs. (1) and (2), we get Perpendicular distance from point ( )
a 2 - b 2 , 0 is
æ x yö æ x yö 1
ç + ÷ ç - ÷ = m´ =1 b cos a a 2 - b2 + 0 - ab
èa bø è a bø m d1 =
x2 y2 b2 cos2 a + a 2 sin 2 a
Þ - =1 (Q distance from (x1 , y1) to ax + by + c = 0 is
a 2 b2
which represents a Hyperbola and is the locus of point ax1 + by1 + c
of intersection the given straight lines. =
3. (b) Given equation a 2 + b2
x3y + xy3 – xy = 0 Similarly, perpendicular distance from point
Þ xy (x2 + y2) = xy
Þ xy (x2 + y2 – 1) = 0 ( - a 2 - b2 , 0) is
Þ x2 + y2 = 1, xy = 0
Above equations represent a pair of straight lines and - b cos a a 2 - b 2 + 0 - ab
a circle. d2 =
4. (a) The given line is, b 2 cos 2 a + a 2 sin 2 a
(2x + 3y + 4) + l (6x – y + 12) = 0 By product of d1 and d2, we get
Þ (2 + 6l) x + (3 – l) y + 4 + 12 l= 0 .... (i)
Since line (i) is parallel to y-axis. (b cos a a 2 - b 2 - ab)(b cos a a 2 - b 2 + ab)
\ Coefficient of y = 0 =
( b 2 cos 2 a + a 2 sin 2 a )( b 2 cos 2 a + a 2 sin 2 a )
3– l=0 Þ l =3
b2 cos2 a (a 2 - b2 ) - a 2 b2
-2 a =
5. (c) 2x + 3y + a = 0 or y = x- b2 cos2 a + a 2 sin 2 a
3 3
a 2 b2 cos2 a - b4 cos2 a - a 2 b 2
-2 =
Slope =
3 b2 cos2 a + a 2 sin 2 a
-5 - a a 2 b 2 (cos2 a - 1) - b 4 cos 2 a
5x + ky + a = 0 or y = x =
k 5 b 2 cos 2 a + a 2 sin 2 a
Pair of Straight Lines M-163

-b 2 [a 2 sin 2 a + b2 cos2 a] -3 + 2
= -1 1
2 2
b cos a + a sin a 2 2 6
= = =
Hence, product of the perpendiculars = – b2 = b2 (since, 2 2 6 2 6
distance is positive)
8. (a) y - 3x - 5 = 0 (i)
-1 æ 1 ö
3y - x + 6 = 0 (ii) \ q = tan ç ÷
è2 6ø
y = mx + c 11. (*) The slope of line x + y – 3 = 0 is –1
From (i) and from (ii) The slope of line x – y + 3 = 0 is 1
x 6 So, these are perpendicular lines and so angle between
y = 3x + 5 y= - them is 90°.
3 3 \ a = 90°
1 1
m1 = 3 m2 = The slope of line x - 3y + 2 3 = 0 is m1 =
3 3
Angle between two lines,
The slope of line 3x - y + 1 = 0 is m 2 = 3.
1
3- 1
m1 - m2
= 3 = 1 3-
tan q = 2 1 \ b = 30°
1 + m1m2 1 3 3
1+ 3 \ tan b = = =

= tan 30°
3 1+ ( ) æ 1 ö
3 ç ÷
è 3ø
2 3 3

q = 30° \ a> b
12. (b) Given straight lines are
9. (a) Equation of given line is
(m2 – mn) y = (mn + n2)x + n3 ...(1)
æ 3 -1 ö (mn + m2) y = (mn – n2)x + m3 ...(2)
( y - 3) = ç ÷ ( x - 2)
Þ y = 2x -1
è 2 -1 ø
(1) Þ y =
( mn + n ) x + 2
n3
Slope m1 = 2 m 2 - mn m 2 - mn
1 mn + n 2
and slope of perpendicular = - So, slope of (1), m1 =
2 m2 - mn
The perpendicular is also bisector, therefore it will pass
through its mid-point. mn - n 2 m3
Þ Coordinates of mid-point of given line are : (2) Þ y = x+
mn + m2 mn + m2
æ 2 +1 3 +1 ö æ3 ö
ç , ÷ or ç , 2 ÷ . mn - n 2
è 2 2 ø è2 ø So, slope of (2), m2 =
So, equation of perpendicular bisector is : mn + m2
If a is the angle between lines (1), (2), then
1æ 3ö
( y - 2) = - ç x - ÷ m - m2
2è 2ø tan a = 1
1 + m1m 2
Þ 2 x + 4 y - 11 = 0
10. (a) Given lines, 2x + 3y = 1 and 3x + 2y = 2 mn + n 2 mn - n 2
-
-a = m 2 - mn mn + m 2
We know, Slope (m) = æ mn + n 2 ö æ mn - n 2 ö
b 1+ ç 2 ÷ç ÷
è m - mn ø è mn + m 2 ø
- 2
\ Slope of 2x + 3y = 1 is m1 =
3
=
( mn + n )( mn + m ) - ( mn - n )( m - mn )
2 2 2 2

Slope of 3x + 2y = 2 is m 2 =
- 3
2
( m - mn )( mn + m ) + ( mn + n )( mn - n )
2 2 2 2

m 2 n 2 + m3n + mn 3 + m2 n 2 - m 3n + m 2 n 2 + m 2 n 2 - mn 3
=
- 3 2 m3 n + m 4 - m 2 n 2 - m 3n + m 2 n 2 - mn 3 + mn 3 - n 4
+
m1 - m1 2 3
tan q = = 4m 2 n 2 æ
-1 4m n
2 2 ö
1 + m1m 2 æ - 2 ö æ - 3ö tan a = Þ a = tan ç ÷
1+ ç ÷ç ÷ m4 - n 4 è m4 - n 4 ø
ç 3 ÷ø çè 2 ÷ø
è
 EBD_7346
M-164 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Circles 9
1. An equilateral triangle is inscribed in the circle x2 + y2 = a2 7. What is the equation of a circle, whose centre lies on the
with one of the vertices at (a, 0). What is the equation of the x-axis at a distance h from the origin and the circle passes
side opposite to this vertex ? [2006-I] through the origin? [2007-I]
(a) 2x – a = 0 (b) x + a = 0 2 2
(a) x + y – 2hx =0
(c) 2x + a = 0 (d) 3x – 2a = 0 (b) x2 + y2 – 2hx + h2 = 0
2. What is the radius of the circle passing through the points (c) x2 + y2 + 2hxy = 0
(0, 0), (a, 0) and (0, b) ? [2006-I] (d) x2 + y2 – h2 = 0
8. Consider a circle of radius R. What is the length of a chord
(a) a2 - b2 (b) a2 + b2
which subtends an angle q at the centre? [2007-II]

1 2 2 2 æqö
(c) a + b2 (d) 2 a + b (a) 2R sin ç ÷ (b) 2R sin q
2 è 2ø
3. If two circles A, B of equal radii pass through the centres of
each other, then what is the ratio of the length of the smaller æqö
(c) 2R tan ç ÷ (d) 2R tan q
arc to the circumference of the circle A cut off by the circle è 2ø
B? [2006-II] 9. What is the equation of circle which touches the lines x = 0,
1
y = 0 and x = 2 ? [2007-II]
1
(a) (b) 2 2
(a) x + y + 2x + 2y + 1 = 0
2 4
(b) x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 1 = 0
1 2 (c) x2 +y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0
(c) (d)
3 3 (d) None of these
4. If the extremities of a diameter of a circle are (0, 0) and 10. Equation of a circle passing through origin is x2 + y2 – 6x
3 3 + 2y = 0. What is the equation of one of its diameters?
(a ,1 / a ), then the circle passes through which one of the
[2008-I]
following points ? [2006-II]
(a) x + 3y = 0 (b) x + y = 0
(a) (a 2 , 1/ a 2 ) (b) (a, 1/a) (c) x = y (d) 3x + y = 0
(c) (a, –a) (d) (1/a, a) 11. Point (1, 2) relative to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 2y – 4 = 0 is a/
an [2008-I]
5. What is the length of the intercept made on the x-axis by the
circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ? [2006-II] (a) exterior point
(b) interior point, but not centre
(g 2 - c ) (g 2 - 4c ) (c) boundary point
(a) (b)
2 2 (d) centre
12. If the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 (c > 0) touches the y-
(c) 2 ( g 2 - 4c ) (d) 2 ( g 2 - c) axis, then which one of the following is correct?
6. Under which one of the following conditions does the circle [2008-I]
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 meet the x-axis in two points on (a) g = – c only (b) g=± c
opposite sides of the origin? [2007-I]
(a) c > 0 (b) c < 0 (c) f = c only (d) f =± c
(c) c = 0 (d) c £ 0
Circles M-165

13. The equation of the circle which touches the axes at a where a ¹ 0 , to represent a circle, the condition will be
distance 5 from the origin is y2 + x2 – 2ax – 2ay + a2 = 0. (a) a = b and c = 0 (b) f = g and h = 0
What is the value of a? [2008-II]
(c) a = b and h = 0 (d) f = g and c = 0
(a) 4 (b) 5
21. What is the radius of the circle touching x-axis at
(c) 6 (d) 7 (3, 0) and y-axis at (0, 3)? [2011-II]
14. ABC is an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle of centre (a) 3 units (b) 4 units
O and radius 5 cm. Let the diameter through C meet the
(c) 5 units (d) 6 units
circle again at D. [2008-II]
22. Which one of the following points lies inside a circle of
Assertion (A) : AD . BD < OB . OC
radius 6 and centre at (3, 5) ? [2013-I]
Reason (R) : 2(AD2 + BD2) = CD2 = 100 sq cm
(a) (–2, –1) (b) (0, 1)
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct
(c) (–1, –2) (d) (2, –1)
explanation of A
23. The radius of the circle x + y2 + x + c = 0 passing through
2
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
the origin is [2013-II]
correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false 1 1
(a) (b)
(d) A is false but R is true 4 2
15. If x-axis is tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + k = 0, (c) 1 (d) 2
then which one of the following is correct? [2009-I] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 24-25) : For the next two (02) items that follow :
(a) g2 = k (b) g2 = f Consider the circles x2 + y2 + 2ax + c = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2by + c = 0.
(c) f 2 = k (d) f 2 = g [2014-II]
16. The circle x2 + y2 + 4x –4y + 4 = 0 touches [2009-II] 24. What is the distance between the centres of the two circles?
(a) Only the x-axis (b) Only the y-axis (a) (b) a2 + b2
a2 + b2
(c) Both the axes (d) Neither of the axes
(c) a + b (d) 2 (a + b)
17. Consider the following statements in respect of circles
25. The two circles touch each other if
x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 0 and x2 + y2 = 1 [2010-I]
1 1 1
1. The radius of the first circle is twice that of the second (a) c = a 2 + b2 (b) = +
circle. c a2 b2
2. Both the circles pass through the origin. 1 1 1
(c) c= + (d) c=
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a 2
b 2
a + b2
2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 26. A straight line x = y + 2 touches the circle 4(x2 + y2) = r2. The
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 value of r is [2015-II]
18. What is the equation to circle which touches both the axes (a) 2 (b) 2 2
and has centre on the line x + y = 4? [2010-II] (c) 2 (d) 1
(a) x2 + y2 – 4x + 4y + 4 = 0 27. If the centre of the circle passing through the origin is (3, 4),
(b) x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0 then the intercepts cut off by the circle on x-axis and y-axis
respectively are [2015-II]
(c) x2 + y2 + 4x – 4y – 4 = 0 (a) 3 unit and 4 unit (b) 6 unit and 4 unit
(d) x2 + y2 + 4x + 4y – 4 = 0 (c) 3 unit and 8 unit (d) 6 unit and 8 unit
19. Under which of the following conditions does a general 28. If a circle of radius b units with centre at (0, b) touches the
second degree equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 line y = x - 2, then what is the value of b? [2016-I]
(a ¹ 0) represents a circle? [2010-II]
(a) 2+ 2 (b) 2 – 2
(a) h = g, a = b
(c) 2 2 (d) 2
(b) h = g = f, a = b
(c) h = 0, a = b DIRECTIONS (Qs. 29-30) : For the next two (2) items that
follow:
(d) h = 0, g2 + f 2 – c = a + b
Consider the two circles (x – 1) 2 + (y – 3)2 = r2 and
20. For the equation [2011-I]
x2 + y2 – 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 [2016-I]
ax2 + by2 + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 29. What is the distance between the centres of the two circles?
 EBD_7346
M-166 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
(a) 5 units (b) 6 units (c) x2 + y2 + 2x = 0
(c) 8 units (d) 10 units (d) x2 + y2 = 5
30. If the circles intersect at two distinct points, then which one 36. The equation of the circle which passes through the points
of the following is correct? (1, 0), (0, –6) and (3, 4) is [2017-II]
(a) r = 1 (b) 1 < r < 2 (a) 4x2 + 4y2 + 142x + 47y + 140 = 0
(c) r = 2 (d) 2 < r < 8 (b) 4x2 + 4y2 – 142x – 47y + 138 = 0
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 31-32): For the next two (2) items that (c) 4x2 + 4y2 – 142x + 47y + 138 = 0
follow: (d) 4x2 + 4y2 + 150x – 49y + 138 = 0
Consider a circle passing through the origin and the points (a, b) 37. The equation of a circle whose end points of a diameter are
and (–b, –a). [2016-I] (x1 , y1) and (x2 , y2) is [2018-II]
31. On which line does the centre of the circle lie? (a) (x – x1) (x – x2) + (y – y1)(y – y2) = x2 + y2
(a) x + y = 0 (b) x – y = 0 (b) (x – x1)2 + (y – y1)2 = x2y2
(c) x + y = a + b (d) x – y = a2 – b2
32. What is the sum of the squares of the intercepts cut off by (c) x2 + y2 + 2x1x2 + 2y1y2 = 0
the circle on the axes? (d) (x – x1) (x –x2) + (y – y1) (y – y2) = 0
2 2
æ a 2 + b2 ö æ a 2 + b2 ö 38. If y-axis touches the circle
(a) ç 2 2 ÷
(b) 2 ç ÷
èa -b ø è a -b ø c
x2 + y2 + gx + fy + = 0, then the normal at this point
æa +b ö
2 2
2 4
(c) 4ç ÷ (d) None of the above intersects the circle at the point [2018-II]
è a -b ø
33. What is the radius of the circle passing through the point æ g fö æ fö
(2, 4) and having centre at the intersection of the lines x – y (a) çè - , - ÷ø (b) çè -g, - ÷ø
2 2 2
= 4 and 2x + 3y + 7 = 0? [2016-II]
(a) 3 units (b) 5 units æ g ö
(c) çè - , f ÷ø (d) (– g, – f)
(c) 3 3 units (d) 5 2 units 2
34. The two circles x2 + y2 = r2 and x2 + y2 – 10x + 16 = 0 39. A circle is drawn on the chord of a circle x2 + y2 = a2 as
intersect at two distinct points. Then which one of the diameter. The chord lies on the line x + y = a. What is the
following is correct? [2017-I] equation of the circle ? [2019-I]
(a) 2 < r < 8 (b) r = 2 or r = 8 (a) x2 + y2 – ax – ay + a2 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 – ax – ay = 0
(c) r < 2 (d) r > 2
(c) x2 + y2 + ax + ay = 0
35. What is the equation of the circle which passes through
(d) x2 + y2 + ax + ay – 2a2 = 0
the points (3, –2) and (–2, 0) and having its centre on the
40. The circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 7y + 12 = 0, cuts an intercept on y-
line 2x – y – 3 = 0? [2017-I]
axis equal to [2019-I]
(a) x2 + y2 + 3x + 2 = 0
(a) 1 (b) 3
(b) x2 + y2 + 3x + 12y + 2 = 0 (c) 4 (d) 7

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 5 (d) 9 (c) 13 (b) 17 (d) 21 (a) 25 (b) 29 (a) 33 (d) 37 (d)
2 (c) 6 (b) 10 (a) 14 (d) 18 (b) 22 (b) 26 (b) 30 (d) 34 (a) 38 (b)
3 (c) 7 (a) 11 (a) 15 (a) 19 (c) 23 (b) 27 (d) 31 (a) 35 (b) 39 (b)
4 (d) 8 (a) 12 (d) 16 (c) 20 (c) 24 (a) 28 (a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 40 (a)
Circles M-167

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Since the equilateral triangle is inscribed in the circle the centre of B is 90°.
with centre at the origin, centroid lies on the origin.
2pr90° pr
AO 2 So, length of small arc of B = =
So, = 360° 2
OD 1
Hence, circumference of A cut off by the circle B
1 a pr 3pr
and OD = AO =
2 2 = 2pr - =
2 2
So, other vertices of triangle have coordinates,
pr / 2 1
\ Required ratio = =
æ a 3a ö é a 3 ù 3pr / 2 3
- , and ê - , - aú
çç 2 2 ÷÷
è ø ë 2 2 û 4. (d) Given the extremities of a diameter of a circle as
æ 1 ö
(0, 0) and ç a 3 , ÷ , equation of circle is
æ a è a3ø
ç- 3a ö÷ y
ç 2 2 ÷ø
è æ 1 ö
C (x – 0) (x – a3) + (y – 0) ç y - 3 ÷ = 0
è a ø

A x y
Þ x2 – xa3 + y2 – 3 = 0
D O (a, 0) a

y
B Þ x2 + y2 – xa3 – 3 = 0
a
æ a 3aö
ç- , ÷
ç 2 2 ÷ 1
è ø Putting x = and y = a, the equation is satisfied.
a

\ Equation of line BC is : æ1 ö
Thus, the circle passes through the point ç , a ÷ .
èa ø
a
x =- 5. (d) Let the circle S º x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 cut x-axis at
2 two points A, and B at x = a and x = b.
Þ 2x + a = 0 Let C be the centre and AB the chord.
2. (c) Let (h, k) be the centre of the circle.
Since, circle is passing through (0, 0), (a, 0) and (0, b),
distance between centre and these points would be
same and equal to radius. C (- g, - f)
Hence, h2 + k2 = (h – a)2 + k2 = h2 + (k – b)2
Þ h2 + k2 = h2 + k2 + a2 – 2ah = h2 + k2 + b2 – 2bk A M B
Þ h2 + k2 = h2 + k2 + a2 – 2ah (a, 0) (b, 0)

a
Þ h=
2

b Length of chord AB = b – a.
Similarly, k = Perpendicular from centre c on chord bisect this chord
2

1 2 at point M. Radius r = g 2 + f 2 - c also radius AC =

\ Radius of circle = h + k = 2 2 a + b2
2 r= AM 2 + CM 2
3. (c) When two circles A and B of equal radii pass through
the centres of each other, the angle made by arc of B at AB b - a
AM = =
2 2
 EBD_7346
M-168 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
8. (a) Let there be a circle of radius R and chord AB.
2
æ b -a ö 2 OD ^ AB and AD = DB.
So, r = ç ÷ + ( -f )
è 2 ø and AD = 2AD
2 ÐAOB = q
2 2 æ b-a ö 2
Thus, g +f -c = ç ÷ +f q
è 2 ø Þ ÐAOD =
2
2
æ b -a ö 2 In DAOD,
or g2 + f2–c= ç ÷ +f
è 2 ø q AD
sin = O
2 2 OA
æ b-aö 2 q
or ç ÷ =g –c R R
è 2 ø q AD 2
sin =
2 R A
b-a D B
= g2 - c q
2 AD = R sin
2
2
Hence, b – a = AB = 2 g - c
q
The length of the intercept made on the x-axis by the \ Length of chord AB = 2A D = 2R sin .
2
2
circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is 2 g - c . 9. (c) Refer to the figure it is clear that coordinates of centre
6. (b) For a circle to meet x-axis in two points on the opposite of circle are (1, 1) and diameter of circle = 2 and hence
side of the origin its radius r, should be more than the radius of circle is 1.
distance of its centre from the origin.
Co-ordinate of centre of the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy y
+ c = 0 is (– g, – f):
(1, 1)
O

P r (g, – f) x
C y=0
O
(0, 0)
Q
x=0 x=2
\ Equation of circle with centre (1, 1) and radius = 1 is
(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 1
In the figure shown, Þ x2 – 2x +1 + y2 – 2y + 1 = 1
OQ = OP = r, and distance of centre C, from origin, O Þ x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y +1 = 0
is CO 10. (a) Equation of the given circle is :
x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y = 0
r> OC i.e. r > (-g)2 + (-f )2 Þ x (x – 6) + y (y + 2) = 0
or, (x – 0) (x – 6) + (y – 0) (y + 2) = 0
This is the equation of circle in diameter form.
or, ( - g ) 2 + ( -f ) 2 - c > ( -g ) 2 + ( - f ) 2
Here, end points of diameter are (0, 0) and (6, – 2).
or, g2 + f2 – c > g2 + f2 Hence, equation of diameter is a line which passes
or, – c > 0 through the points (0, 0) and (6, – 2) which is
or, c < 0 –2
7. (a) Centre of the circle is (h, 0) and circle passes through (y – 0) = ( x – 0 ) Þ x + 3y = 0
6
the origin. In the general equation of circle: 11. (a) We put the co-ordinates of the given point in the given
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fx + c = 0 equation of circle
g = – h and f = 0 x2 + y2 + 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
so, x2 + y2 – 2hx + 0 + c At (1, 2)
= x2 + y2 – 2hx + c = 0 ...(i) (1)2 + (2)2 + 4 (1) – 2 (2) – 4
since circle passes through origin (0, 0) =1+ 4+4–4–4= 1>0
0+ 0–0+ c= 0 Þ c= 0 Þ Point (1, 2) lies out side the circle i.e, an exterior
and equation (i) radius to x2 + y2 – 2hx = 0 point.
Circles M-169

As given, the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 touches

( )
12. (d)
y-axis. Thus, 2 AD 2 + BD 2 = CD 2 = 100 sq. cm.
then r = + g and g2 + f2 – c = g2
Hence, (A) is false and (R) is true.
Þ f2 –c = 0 Þ f2 = c Þ f = ± c 15. (a) Length of intercept on the x-axis made by the circle
13. (b) Coordinates of the centre of given circle = (a, a) and
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + k = 0 is 2 g 2 - k
radius = ( a ) 2 + (a ) 2 - a 2 = a 2 = a
y Since, circle touches the x-axis therefore intercept on x-
axis = 0

\ g2 - k = 0
(0, 5) B O
(a, a) Þ g2 = k
A 16. (c) Given equation of circle is
x¢ x
(5, 0) x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 4y = 0
Add 4 on both side,
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 4y + 4 = 0 + 4
y¢ Þ (x + 2)2 + (y – 2)2 = 22
\ (a - 5)2 + (a )2 = (a)2 Here, we observe that the values of centre and radius
Þ a2 + 25 – 10a = 0 are same.
Þ (a – 5 )2 = 0 Hence, it touches both the axes.
Þ a=5 17. (d) The equation of first circle is x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 0.
Then, other root will always real.
( -1) + ( -1) = 2
2 2
Radius =
C
and equation of second circle is x2 + y2 = 1.
Radius = 1
14. (d)
From above it is clear that the radius of first circle is not
O twice that of second circle.
\ Statement 1 is not correct.
A B
Also, first circle passes through the origin while second
circle does not pass through the origin.
D
Hence, neither 1 nor 2 statement is correct.
(A) : Consider AD.BD < OB.OC 18. (b) The equation of circle, which touches both the axes, is
Now, OA = 5 cm (Radius), OB = 5 cm (Radius) and given by
OC = 5 cm (Radius) x2 + y2 – 2rx – 2ry + r2 = 0 ....... (i)
Since, DOAD and DOBD Now, the centre (r, r) of this circle lies on the line
x+y=4
are congruent by SAS therefore
r+r=4Þr=2
AD = OA = 5 cm
\ Put value of r in Eq. (i), we get
and BD =OB =5 cm x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0
Thus, AD.BD = 5 ´ 5 = 25 which is required equation of circle,
19. (c) The given equation represents a circle, if a = b, h = 0.
and OB.OC = 5 ´ 5 = 25
20. (c) The equation ax2 + by2 + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Thus, we have represents a circle, if a = b and h = 0.
AD.BD = 25 = OB.OC 21. (a) Since, circle is touching x-axis at (3, 0) and y-axis at (0,
3) therefore radius = 3 unit
Now (R) : (
2 AD 2 + BD 2 )
= 2 [ 25 + 25] = 100

CD 2 = (10) = 100
2
and
 EBD_7346
M-170 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
c2 = a2 b2 – a2c – b2c + c2
Y 1 1 1
Þ a2b2 = (a2 + b2) c Þ = +
c a 2 b2
26. (b) Q 4(x2 + y2) = r2
(0, 3)
2
ærö
Þ x2 + y2 = ç ÷
è2ø

X r
(3, 0) Center (0, 0) and radius
2
Eq. of line is ; x – y – 2 = 0
Q Line touches the circle.
r 0-0-2
\ =
2
(1) 2 + ( -1)2
r=2 2
22. (b) Radius of circle = 6, centre = (3, 5) 27. (d) Equation of circle having radius r and centre (3, 4) is
\ Equation of circle is = (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = r2
S º (x – 3)2 + (y – 5)2 = (6)2 if it is passing through (0, 0)
Þ S º (x – 3)2 + (y – 5)2 – 36 \ (0 – 3)2 + (0 – 4)2 = r2
Now, consider all the four options. Þ r2 = 25
(a) (–2, –1) equation of circle is
(x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 25
Put it in S
putting y = 0
S º (–2 – 3)2 + (–1 – 5)2 – 36 = 25 + 36 – 36 = 25 > 0 \ x = 6 unit = interception x-axis
Þ (–2, –1) is outside the circle. intercept on y axis (putting x = 0) is
(b) (0, 1) y = 8 unit
S º (0 – 3)2 + (1 – 5)2 – 36 28. (a) Distance from the centre to the point of line which
= 9 + 16 – 36 = 25 – 36 = – 11 < 0 touches circle is OM = radius
Hence, (0, 1) lies inside a circle. y = x - 2 or x - y - 2 = 0
23. (b) Circle is passing through origin then C = 0
Now, x2 + y2 + x = 0
1 1
x2 + x + - + y2 = 0 O b
4 4 M
(0, b)
2 2
æ 1ö 2 æ 1ö
çè x + ÷ø + y = çè ÷ø
2 2
1
\ Radius of given circle is units | Ax0 + By0 + C |
2 r=
24. (a) Equations of circles are A2 + B 2
x2 + y2 + 2ax + c = 0 Q x0 = 0
and x2 + y2 + 2by + c = 0
Since, the centres of two circles are (–a, 0) and (0, –b) & Y0 = b
\ Distance between two centres = a 2 + b2
| 1(0) + (-1)(b) - 2 |
25. (b) Two circles touch each other, iff distance between two b=
centres = Sum of radius of two circles (1)2 + (-1)2

a 2 + b2 = a 2 - c + b2 - c
b+ 2
On squaring both sides, we get b=
2
a2 + b2 = a2 – c + b2 – c + 2 (a 2 - c)(b 2 - c)
( 2 - 1)b = 2
Þc= 2 2
(a - c)(b - c)
Again, squaring both sides, we get Þ b = 2+ 2
Circles M-171

Sol. (29–30) :
Þ radius = (2 - 1) 2 + (4 + 3) 2 = 5 2
Given equation of circles
(x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = r2 34. (a) For the circle, x2 + y2 = r2 , centre (0, 0) radius = r
(h1, k1) º coordinates of centre º (1, 3) If the circle x2 + y2 – 10x + 16 = 0 is compared with
general form
\ x2 + y 2 - 8 x + 2 y + 8 = 0
x2 + y2 + 2g + 2fy + c = 0 , we get
Þ ( x - 4) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 = (3) 2 2g = – 10, 2f = 0, c = 16
Þ g = – 5, f = 0
(h2 , k2 ) º coordinates of centre º (4, –1) \ centre = (+ 5, 0)
29. (a) Distance between centres of two circles
radius = g 2 + f 2 - c = 25 + 0 - 16 = 9 = 3
d = (h1 - h2 )2 + (k1 - k 2 ) 2 Given, two circles intersect at two distinct points,

Þ d = (1 - 4)2 + (3 + 1)2

Þ d = 25
d = 5 units
(0, 0) r 5 8
30. (d) Radius of circle one = r1 = r
Radius of circle two = r2 = 3
Q Circle intersects at two points so distance between To interset at two points, r should be greater than 2
So, 2 < r < 8
circle is d < r1 + r2
35. (b) Given, centre of circle lies on line 2x – y – 3 = 0
5< r+3 Let x = h
r > 2 also r £ 5 + 2. Hence, 2 < r < 8 2h – y – 3 = 0 Þ y = 2n – 3
31. (a) Suppose; x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is the eq. of the
circle. A (3, –2)
Since; it passes through
(0, 0); (a, b) & (–b, –a)
\C=0
a2 + b2 + 2ga + 2fb = 0 ...(1) O
\ a2 + b2 – 2gb –2fb = 0 ...(2) (h, 2h – 3)
on solving:
g=–f B (–2, 0)
\ centre º (– g, – f) or (+ f, – f)
\ from options: \ centre of circle = (h, 2h – 3)
x + y =0 is the line which passes through (f, –f) We know, OA = OB
32. (b) The two intercepts are : –2g & –2f Þ (h – 3)2 + (2h – 3 + 2)2 = (h + 2)2 + (2h – 3)2
\ from eq (1) & (2) we get; Þ h2 – 6h + 9 + (2h – 1)2 = h2 + 4h + 4 + 4h2 – 12h + 9
-1 æ a 2 + b 2 ö 1 æ a 2 + b2 ö Þ h 2 - 6h + 9 + 4h 2 - 4h + 1
g= 2 ç a-b ÷ &f= 2 ç a - b ÷
è ø è ø = h 2 + 4h + 4 + 4h 2 - 12h + 9
is sum of squares of intercepts Þ – 10h + 10 = – 8h + 13

æ a 2 + b2 ö
2
æ a 2 + b2 ö
2 -3
Þ –2h = 3 Þ h =
= ç a-b ÷ +ç a-b ÷ 2
è ø è ø
æ -3 æ -3 ö ö æ -3 ö
é a 2 + b2 ù
2 \ centre = ç , 2 ç ÷ - 3 ÷ = ç , -6 ÷
= 2ê è 2 è 2 ø ø è 2 ø
ú
ëê a - b ûú
\ radius = ( h + 2 )2 + ( 2h - 3)2
33. (d) We have
x – y = 4 & 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 æ -3 ö
2
é æ -3 ö ù 1
2
On solving, we get, = ç + 2÷ + ê 2 ç ÷ - 3ú = + 36
è 2 ø ë è 2 ø û 4
x = 1 &y= – 3
(these are coordinates of centre of the circle) \ Equation of circle
 EBD_7346
M-172 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

2 38. (b)
æ 3ö 1
Þ ç x + ÷ + ( y + 6 ) = + 36
2
y
è 2ø 4
Þ x2 + y2 + 3x + 12y + 2 = 0
36. (c) Let A = (1, 0), B = (0, –6), C = (3, 4)

y-0 x -1 Normal
Equation of AB is L : = -g - f
-f
-6 - 0 0 - 1 ,
2 2 - g,
2
y x -1
Þ = Þ y = 6x - 6
-6 -1
Þ 6x – y – 6 = 0. 39. (b) Given, equation of circle Þ x2 + y2 = a2 ...(1)
Equation of chord Þ x + y = a ...(2)
Equation of circle (c) with AB as diameter is (x – 1) (x –
(1) Þ x2 + (a – x)2 = a2
0) + (y – 0) (y + 6) = 0
Þ x2 + a2 + x2 – 2ax = a2
Þ x2 – x + y2 + 6y = 0. Þ 2x2 = 2ax
The system of circle passing through the intersection Þ x = 0, a
of the circle C and the line L is given by C + kL = 0 When, x = 0, y = a and when x = a, y = 0.
Þ x2 – x + y2 + 6y + k (6x – y – 6) = 0 \ Points of intersection are (0, a) and (a, 0)
\ Equation of circle with chord as diameter is
This circle is passing through (3, 4).
(x – 0) (x – a) + (y – a) (y – 0) = 0
\ (3)2 – 3 + (4)2 + 6(4) + k[6(3) – 4 – 6] = 0 Þ x (x – a) + y (y – a) = 0
Þ 9 – 3 + 16 + 24 + k(18 – 10) = 0 Þ x2 – ax + y2 – ay = 0
Þ x2 + y2 – ax – ay = 0
-46 -23
Þ 46 + 8k = 0 Þ 8k = –46 Þ k = = 40. (a) Given circle, x2 + y2 + 4x – 7y + 12 = 0
8 4 Comparing with general form of circle,
\ Equation of circle is ax2 + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,
-7
æ -23ö f = and c = 12.
x 2 - x + y2 + 6y + ç
è 4 ÷ø
( 6x - y - 6) = 0 2

Þ 4x2 – 4x + 4y2 + 24y – 138x + 23y + 138 = 0 y - intercept = 2 f 2 - c

Þ 4x2 + 4y2 – 142x + 47y + 138 = 0. 2
æ -7 ö 49
37. (d) Equation of circle is = 2 ç ÷ - 12 = 2 - 12
è ø2 4
(x – x1) (x – x2) + (y – y1) (y – y2) = 0
49 - 48 æ1ö
=2 = 2ç ÷ =1
4 è2ø
 10
CONICS — Parabola,
Ellipse & Hyperbola
1. If the latus rectum of an ellipse is equal to one half its minor
axis, what is the eccentricity of the ellipse ? x 2 y2
8. In how many points do the ellipse + =1 and the circle
4 8
1 3 x2 +y2 = 9 intersect ? [2007-II]
(a) (b)
2 2 (a) One (b) Two
(c) Four (d) None of the above
3 15
(c) (d) [2006-I] y2x2 x 2 y2 1
4 4 + = 1 and - =
9. If the foci of the conics
2. P (2, 2) is a point on the parabola y2 = 2x and A is its vertex. a2 7 144 81 25
Q is another point on the parabola such that PQ is were to coincide, then what is the value of a ? [2007-II]
perpendicular to AP. What is the length of PQ ? (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 16
(a) 2 (b) 2 2
10. Which one of the following is correct? The eccentricity of
(c) 4 2 (d) 6 2 [2006-I] the conic
3. The focal distance of a point on the parabola y2 = 12x is 4.
x2 y2
What is the abscissa of the point ? + = 1,(l ³ 0) [2008-I]
(a) 1 (b) – 1 a2 + l b2 + l
(a) increases with increase in l
(c) 2 3 (d) – 2 [2006-I]
(b) decreases with increase in l
4. If (2, 0) is the vertex and the y-axis is the directrix of a
parabola, then where is its focus ? (c) does not change with l
(a) (0, 0) (b) (– 2, 0) (d) None of the above
(c) (4, 0) (d) (– 4, 0) [2006-I] x2 y2
5. Which one of the following points lies outside the ellipse 11. Consider the ellipse + = 1 (b > a). Then, which one
a 2 b2
(x2 / a2) + (y2 / b2) = 1 ?
of the following is correct? [2008-II]
(a) (a, 0) (b) (0, b) (a) Real foci do not exist (b) Foci are (± ae, 0)
(c) (– a, 0) (d) (a, b) [2006-II] (c) Foci are (± be, 0) (d) Foci are (0, ± be)
6. What is the equation of the parabola, whose vertex and
focus are on the x-axis at distance a and b from the origin 12. Consider the parabolas S1 º y 2 – 4 ax = 0 and
respectively? ( b > a > 0) [2007-I]
S 2 º y 2 – 4bx = 0. S2 will contain S1, if [2008-II]
(a) y2 = 8 ( b – a) ( x – a) (b) y2 = 4(b + a)( x – a)
(c) y2 = 4(b – a)( x +a) (d) y2 = 4(b – a)(x – a) (a) a > b > 0 (b) b > a > 0
7. If the eccentricity and length of latus rectum of a hyperbola (c) a > 0, b < 0 but |b| > a (d) a < 0, b > 0 but b > |a|
13. Equation of the hyperbola with eccentricity 3/2 and foci at
13 10 (± 2, 0) is 5x2 – 4y2 = k2. What is the value of k? [2008-II]
are and units respectively, then what is the length
3 3 (a) 4/3 (b) 3/4
of the transverse axis? [2007-I]
(c) ( 4 / 3) 5 (d) (3 / 4) 5
7 14. What is the eccentricity of an ellipse, if its latusrectum is
(a) unit (b) 12 unit
2 equal to one-half of its minor axis? [2009-I]
15 15
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2
(c) unit (d) unit (c) (d)
2 4 3/4 3/2
 EBD_7346
M-174 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
15. What is the sum of focal radii of any point on an ellipse 24. A point P moves such that the difference of its
equal to? [2009-I] distances from two given points (c, 0) and (–c, 0) is constant.
(a) Length of latusrectum What is the locus of the point P? [2010-II]
(b) Length of major-axis (a) Circle (b) Ellipse
(c) Length of minor-axis (c) Hyperbola (d) Parabola
(d) Length of semi-latusrectum 25. If the latusrectum of an ellipse is equal to half its minor axis,
16. What does an equation of the first degree containing one then what is its eccentricity? [2010-II]
arbitrary parameter passing through a fixed point represent?
1
[2009-I] (a) (b) 3
(a) Circle (b) Straight line 2
(c) Parabola (d) Ellipse 1
3
17. The curve y2 = –4ax (a > 0) lies in [2009-II] (c) (d)
2 2
(a) First and fourth quadrants
(b) First and second quadrants 26. What are the points of intersection of the curve
(c) Second and third quadrants 4x2 – 9y2 = 1 with its conjugate axis? [2011-I]
(d) Third and fourth quadrants (a) (1 / 2, 0) and (– 1/2, 0) (b) (0, 2) and (0, – 2)
(c) (0, 3) and (0, – 3) (d) No such point exists
x2 y2 27. What is the sum of the focal distances of a point of an
18. The ellipse + = 1 has the same eccentricity as the
169 25
x2 y2 x2 y 2
ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 . What is the ratio of a to b? ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 ? [2011-I]
a b a b
[2009-II]
(a) a (b) b
(a) 5/13 (b) 13/5
(c) 2a (d) 2b
(c) 7/8 (d) 8/7
28. What is the area of the triangle formed by the lines joining
19. If (4,0) and (–4,0) are the foci of an ellipse and the semi-
the vertex of the parabola x2 = 12y to the ends of the latus
minor axis is 3, then the ellipse passes through which one of
rectum? [2011-II]
the following points? [2010-I] (a) 9 square units (b) 12 square units
(a) (2,0) (b) (0,5) (c) 14 square units (d) 18 square units
(c) (0,0) (d) (5,0) 29. What is the focal distance of any point P(x1, y1) on the
20. What is the locus of points, the difference of whose parabola y2 = 4ax? [2011-II]
distances from two points being constant? [2010-I] (a) x1 + y1 (b) x1 y1
(a) Pair of straight lines (b) An ellipse
(c) ax1 (d) a + x1
(c) A hyperbola (d) A parabola
30. If the latus rectum of an ellipse is equal to half of the minor
x2 y2 axis, then what is its eccentricity? [2012-I]
21. A circle is drawn with the two foci of an ellipse + =1
a2 b2 2 1
(a) (b)
at the end of the diameter. What is the equation of the circle? 3 3
[2010-I]
2 2
(a) x + y = a + b 2 2 (b) x + y = a – b2
2 2 2 3 1
(c) (d)
2 2 2
(c) x + y = 2(a + b ) 2 (d) x2 + y2 = 2(a2 – b2) 2 2
22. What are the equations of the directrices of the ellipse 31. What is the eccentricity of the conic 4x2 + 9y2 = 144?
25x2 + 16y2 = 400? [2010-I]
5 5
(a) 3 x ± 25 = 0 (b) 3 y ± 25 = 0 (a) (b) [2012-I]
3 4
(c) x ± 15 = 0 (d) y ± 25 = 0
3 2
x2 y 2 (c) (d)
23. Let E be the ellipse + = 1 and C be the circle x2 + y2 = 9. Let 5 3
9 4 32. The sum of the focal distances of a point on the ellipse
P = (1, 2) and Q = (2, 1). Which one of the following is
correct? [2010-I]
x 2 y2
(a) Q lies inside C but outside E + = 1 is: [2012-II]
4 9
(b) Q lies outside both C and E
(c) P lies inside both C and E (a) 4 units (b) 6 units
(d) P lies inside C but outside E. (c) 8 units (d) 10 units
CONICS — Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola M-175

33. The eccentricity e of an ellipse satisfies the condition: DIRECTIONS (Qs. 43-45) : For the next three (03) items that
[2012-II] follow:
(a) e < 0 (b) 0 < e < 1 The line 2y = 3x + 12 cuts the parabola 4y = 3x2. [2014-II]
(c) e = 1 (d) e > 1 43. Where does the line cut the parabola ?
34. The equation of the ellipse whose vertices are (± 5, 0) and (a) At (–2, 3) only
foci at (± 4, 0) is [2013-I] (b) At (4, 12) only
(c) At both (–2, 3) and (4, 12)
x 2 y2 x 2 y2
(a) + =1 (b) + =1 (d) Neither at (–2, 3) nor (4, 12)
25 9 9 25 44. What is the area enclosed by the parabola and the line ?
(a) 27 square unit (b) 36 square unit
x 2 y2 x 2 y2 (c) 48 square unit (d) 54 square unit
(c) + =1 (d) + =1
16 25 25 16 45. What is the area enclosed by the parabola, the line and the Y-
35. The difference of focal distances of any point on a hyperbola axis in the first quadrant ?
is equal to [2013-I] (a) 7 square unit (b) 14 square unit
(c) 20 square unit (d) 21 square unit
(a) latus rectum (b) semi-transverse axis
46. The point on the parabola y2 = 4ax nearest to the focus has
(c) transverse axis (d) semi-latus rectum its abscissa [2015-I]
36. The foci of the hyperbola 4x2 – 9y2 – 1 = 0 are [2013-II] (a) x = 0 (b) x = a
æ 13 ö a
(c) x = (d) x = 2a
(a) (± 13,0) (b) çç ± 6 , 0 ÷÷ 2
è ø
x2 y2
æ 13 ö 47. The hyperbola - = 1 passes through the point
(c) çç 0, ± 6 ÷÷ (d) None of these a2 b2
è ø 4
37. The axis of the parabola y2 + 2x = 0 is [2013-II] (3 5,1) and the length of its latus rectum is units. The
3
(a) x = 0 (b) y = 0 length of the conjugate axis is [2015-I]
(c) x = 2 (d) y = 2 (a) 2 units (b) 3 units
38. What is the sum of the major and minor axes of the ellipse (c) 4 units (d) 5 units
whose eccentricity is 4/5 and length of latus rectum is 14.4
x2 y2
unit ? [2014-I] 48. Consider any point P on the ellipse + = 1 in the first
25 9
(a) 32 units (b) 48 units
quadrant. Let r and s represent its distances from (4, 0) and
(c) 64 units (d) None of these (–4, 0) respectively, then (r + s) is equal to [2015-II]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 39-40): For the next two (02) items that follow: (a) 10 unit (b) 9 unit
(c) 8 unit (d) 6 unit
x2 y2 49. The eccentricity of the hyperbola 16x2 – 9y2 = 1 is
Consider an ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 . [2014-I]
a b [2015-II]
39. What is the area of the greatest rectangle that can be inscribed 3 5
in the ellipse ? (a) (b)
5 3
(a) ab (b) 2 ab
4 5
(c) ab/2 (d) ab (c) (d)
5 4
40. What is the area included between the ellipse and the greatest 50. What is the equation of the hyperbola having latus rectum
rectangle inscribed in the ellipse ?
3
(a) ab(p – 1) (b) 2ab(p – 1) and eccentrieity 8 and respectively? [2016-II]
5
(c) ab(p – 2) (d) None of these
41. What is the equation of parabola whose verted is at (0, 0) x2 y2 x2 y2
(a) – =1 (b) – =1
and focus is at (0, –2) ? [2014-I] 25 20 40 20
(a) y2 + 8x = 0 (b) y2 – 8x = 0
x2 y2 x2 y2
(c) x2 + 8y = 0 (d) x2 – 8y = 0 (c) – =1 (d) – =1
40 30 30 25
42. What is the length of the latus rectum of the ellipse 51. If the ellipse 9x2 + 16y2 = 144 intercepts the line 3x + 4y = 12,
25x2 + 16y2 = 400 ? [2014-II] then what is the length of the chord so formed? [2016-II]
(a) 25/2 (b) 25/4 (a) 5 units (b) 6 units
(c) 16/5 (d) 32/5 (c) 8 units (d) 10 units
 EBD_7346
M-176 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
52. What is the eccentricity of rectangular hyperbola? [2016-II]
(a) outside the ellipse
(a) 2 (b) 3 (b) inside the ellipse but not at the focus
(c) 5 (d) 6 (c) on the ellipse
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 53-54) : Consider the following for the next (d) at the focus
two (02) items that follow. 58. The equation of the ellipse whose centre is at origin, major
Consider the parabola y = x 2 + 7x + 2 and the straight line 3
axis is along x-axis with eccentricity and latus rectum 4
y = 3x – 3. 4
53. What are the coordinates of the point on the parabola which units is [2017-II]
is closest to the straight line? [2016-II]
x2 7y2 49x 2 7y 2
(a) (0, 2) (b) (–2, – 8) (a) + =1 (b) + =1
(c) (–7, 2) (d) (1, 10) 1024 64 1024 64
54. What is the shortest distance from the above point on the
7x 2 49y2 x2 y2
parabola to the line? [2016-II] (c) + =1 (d) + =1
1024 64 1024 64
10 10
(a) (b) 59. What is the equation of the ellipse whose vertices are
2 5 (± 5, 0) and foci are at (± 4, 0)? [2018-I]
1 5
(c) (d) x 2 y2 x 2 y2
10 4 (a) + =1 (b) + =1
25 9 16 9
55. What is the equation of the ellipse having foci (±2, 0) and
1 x 2 y2 x 2 y2
(c) + =1 (d) + =1
the eccentricity ? [2017-I] 25 16 9 25
4
60. The sum of the focal distances of a point on an ellipse is
x 2 y2 x 2 y2 constant and equal to the [2019-I]
(a) + =1 (b) + =1 (a) length of minor axis
64 60 60 64
(b) length of major axis
x 2 y2 x 2 y2 (c) length of latus rectum
(c) + =1 (d) + =1 (d) sum of the lengths of semi-major and semi-minor axes
20 24 24 20
61. The equation 2x2 – 3y2 – 6 = 0 represents [2019-I]
56. A man running round a racecourse notes that the sum of (a) a circle (b) a parabola
the distances of two flag-posts from him is always 10 m and (c) an ellipse (d) a hyperbola
the distance between the flag-posts is 8 m. The area of the 62. The two parabolas y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4ay intersect
path he encloses is [2017-II] [2019-I]
(a) 18p square metres (b) 15p square metres (a) at two points on the line y = x
(c) 12p square metres (d) 8p square metres (b) only at the origin
57. The position of the point (1, 2) relative to the ellipse (c) at three points one of which lies on y + x = 0
2x2 + 7y2 = 20 is [2017-II] (d) only at (4a, 4a)

ANSWER KEY
1 (b) 8 (d) 15 (b) 22 (b) 29 (d) 36 (b) 43 (c) 50 (a) 57 (a)
2 (d) 9 (c) 16 (b) 23 (d) 30 (c) 37 (b) 44 (a) 51 (a) 58 (b)
3 (a) 10 (b) 17 (c) 24 (c) 31 (a) 38 (c) 45 (c) 52 (a) 59 (a)
4 (c) 11 (d) 18 (b) 25 (c) 32 (a) 39 (b) 46 (a) 53 (b) 60 (b)
5 (d) 12 (b) 19 (d) 26 (d) 33 (b) 40 (c) 47 (c) 54 (c) 61 (d)
6 (d) 13 (c) 20 (c) 27 (c) 34 (a) 41 (c) 48 (a) 55 (a) 62 (a)
7 (c) 14 (d) 21 (b) 28 (d) 35 (c) 42 (d) 49 (b) 56 (b)
CONICS — Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola M-177

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

4. (c) Vertex is (2, 0). Since, y-axis is the directrix of a parabola.
2b2 Equation directrix is x = 0. So, axis of parabola is x-axis.
1. (b) Length of latus rectum of an ellipse is where b is
a Let the focus be (a, 0)
semi minor axis and a is semi-major axis. As given,
2b2
=b (a, 0)
a V
(0, 0) O (2, 0) F
b 1
Þ 2b = a Þ =
a 2
Distance of the vertex of a parabola from directrix
b2 = 1 - 1 = 3 = its distance from focus
We know that eccentricity e = 1 -
a2 4 2
So, OV =VF Þ (2 – 0)2 = (a – 2)2
2. (d) Equation of parabola is y2 = 2x, so vertex lies at origin Þ a2 = 4a Þ a = 4
So, co-ordinates of vertex are A (0, 0). Þ Focus is (4, 0)
Let (x1, y1) be the co-ordinates of the point Q
x2 y2
5. (d) The equation of ellipse is + -1 = 0
\ y12 = 2x1 ...(i) a2 b2

y1 - 2 2 2
and slope of PQ = The point for which x + y - 1 > 0 is outside ellipse.
x1 - 2 a 2 b2
[co-ordinates of P is (2,2) as given] Since, at (a, 0), 1 + 0 – 1 = 0
It lies on the ellipse.
2-0
Also, slope of AP = =1 At (0, b), 0 + 1 – 1 = 0
2-0 It lies on the ellipse.
Since, PQ and AP are perpendicular to each other, At (– a, 0), 1 + 0 – 1 = 0
hence, slope of AP ×Slope of PQ = –1 It lies on the ellipse.
At (a, b), 1 + 1 – 1 > 0
æ y -2ö
So, 1´ ç 1 ÷ = -1 So, the point (a, b) lies outside the ellipse.
è x1 - 2 ø 6. (d) The parabola's vertex and focus lie on x-axis at points
(a, 0) and (b, 0). Vertex and focus lie on the x-axis hence,
Þ y1 – 2 = –x1 + 2 the axis of parabola is x-axis. Equation of parabola
Þ x1 + y1 = 4 Þ x1 = 4 – y1 Vertex whose is a point (x1, y1) then is
Putting value of x1 in equation (i) (y – y1)2 = 4k(x – x1)
So, y1 = 0 and x1 = a and k = distance between focus
y12 = 8 - 2y1 or y12 + 2y1 - 8 = 0 and vertex = (b – a) so the equation is
Þ y1 = – 4 and 2 (y – 0)2 = 4(b – a) . (x – a)
i.e., y2 = 4(b – a) (x – a)
Hence, co-ordinates of point Q are (8, – 4).
2b 2
2
So, required length PQ = (8 - 2) + (-4 - 2) 2 7. (c) Length of latus rectum of a hyperbola is where
a
a is the half of the distance between two vertex of the
= 36 + 36 = 72 = 6 2 hyperbola.
3. (a) Focal distance of a point (x1, y1) on the parabola is
2b 2 10
y2 = 4ax is equal to its distance from directrix x + a = 0 is Latus rectum = =
a 3
x1 + a.
For y2 = 12x; comparing with y2 = 4ax. 5a
or, b2 = ...(1)
4a = 12 Þ a = 3, 3
so, x1 + 3 = 4 In case of hyperbola,
Þ x1 = 1 b2 = a2(e2 – 1) ...(2)
 EBD_7346
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Since these foci coincides.
13
Putting value of b2 from equation (1) and e = in
3 7
Þ 3 = a 1-
equation (2), a2
5a æ 13 ö
= a 2 ç - 1÷ 3 7
3 è9 ø Þ = 1- 2
a a
5a 4a 2
or, = 9 7
3 9 Þ 2
= 1-
2 a a2
Þ 4a – 15a = 0 or a(4 – 15a)= 0
16
15 Þ =1 Þ a=4
a ¹ 0, hence, a = a2
4
10. (b) Equation of the given conic is an equation of ellipse
15 15
Length of transverse axis = 2a = 2 × =
4 2 x2 y2
+ (x ³ 0)
8. (d) The given equation of circle a 2 + l b2 + l
is : x2 + y2 = 9 ....(1) Þ A2 = a2 + l and B2 = b2 + l
2 2
x y
and ellipse is : + =1 ....(2) B2 b2 + l
4 8 Eccentricity, e = 1 – = 1–
From eqn. (1) and (2), we get A2 a2 + l

x2 9 - x2
+ =1
4 8 a 2 + l – b2 – l a 2 – b2
= =
Þ 2x2 + 9 – x2 = 8 Þ x2 = – 1 a2 + l
a2 + l
Þ x is not real .
l is in the denominator so, when l increases, the
Hence, circle and ellipse do not intersect.
eccentricity decreases.
9. (c) The equation of ellipse is given as :
x2 y2
x2 y2 11. (d) Given equation + =1
+ =1 a2 b2
a2 7
Since, b > a
Eccentricity is given by :
\ Foci = (0, ± be)
7 12. (b) If a and b > 0, then graphic representation would be as
e = 1-
a2 follows :
Therefore, foci of ellipse are ( ± ae, 0) ie, 2
S2 = y – 4bx = 0
æ 7 ö
ç ± a 1 - 2 , 0÷ 2
S1 = y – 4ax = 0
è a ø
Now, the equation of given hyperbola is

x 2 y2 1 x 2 y2
- = Þ - =1
144 81 25 144 81
25 25
12 9 S2 will contain S1,
So, a = and b = if latusrectum of S2 > latusrectum of S1
5 5
Þ 4b > 4a
81/ 25 144 + 81 225 \ b>a>0
\ e ' = 1+ = =
144 / 25 144 144 13. (c) Given equation of hyperbola
5x2 – 4y2 = k2
15
= .
12 x2 y2
Þ - =1
k2 k2
Foci of hyperbola are æç ± . , 0ö÷ ie, (± 3, 0).
12 15
\
è 5 12 ø 5 4
CONICS — Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola M-179

k k
\ a= and b = 12 b2 b2 144 25
\ = 1 – =1– =
5 2
13 2 Þ 2 169 169
a a
3
The eccentricity and foci at (± 2,0) of b 5 a 13
2 Þ = Þ =
5x2 – 4y2 = k2 a 13 b 5
19. (d) Foci of an ellipse are (4, 0) and (– 4, 0). (Given)
3
Then, e = and ± ae = 2 \ 2ae = 8 Þ ae = 4
2
and semi minor axis is 3 \ b = 3
k 3
Þ . =2 Þ k = 4 5
5 2 b2
3 We know that, e = 1 -
a2
2b 2
14. (d) Since, Latusrectum of an ellipse = æ4ö æ
2
9 öæ 4 ö
a Þ ç ÷ = ç1 - 2 ÷ çQ e = , b = 3 ÷
and minor axis = 2b èaø è a ø è a ø

2b 2 16 a2 - 9
\ b= Þ a = 2b Þ =
a a2 a2

b2 b2
3 3 Þ 16 = a 2 - 9 Þ a2 = 25 Þ a = 5
Also, e = 1 - = 1- 2 = =
a2 4b 4 2 x2 y2
Now, standard equation of an ellipse is + =1
15. (b) We know sum of the focal distances of a point on the a 2 b2
ellipse is constant and is equal to the length of the
Thus, the equation of an ellipse is
major axis.
Thus, we know that, the sum of focal radii of any point x2 y 2
on ellipse is equal to length of major axis. + =1
25 9
16. (b) From the given information, we have an equation of which is satisfied by (5, 0). Hence the ellipse passes
the first degree which contains one arbitrary parameter. through (5, 0).
Therefore the required equation represents a straight 20. (c) We know that the locus of the difference of whose
line. distances from two points being constant, is a
17. (c) Given curve y2 = – 4ax which is one of the form of hyperbola.
parabola
Y x2 y2
21. (b) Foci of an ellipse + = 1 are given as (ae, 0) and
a 2 b2
(–ae, 0).
Since, two foci are at the end of the diameter
X¢ X
\ Equation of circle, is
( x - ae )( x + ae ) + ( y - 0 )( y - 0 ) = 0
Yt Þ x2 - a 2e2 + y 2 = 0
It is clear from the figure that curve lies in the second
and third quadrants. æ
æ b2 ö b2 ö
Þ x 2 + y 2 - a 2 ç1 - 2 ÷ = 0 çQ e = 1 - ÷
x2 y2 è a ø ç a 2 ÷ø
18. (b) Given ellipse is + =1 è
169 25
Þ x 2 + y 2 - a 2 + b2 = 0
25 12
\ e = 1– = Þ x 2 + y 2 = a 2 - b2
169 13
22. (b) Given equation of ellipse is 25x2 + 16y2 = 400 which
2 2
x y can be rewritten as
Also, standard equation of ellipse is 2
+ =1
a b2 x2 y 2
+ =1
16 25
b2
and eccentricity, e = 1– We know standard equation of ellipse is
a2
x2 y2
+ =1
a 2 b2
 EBD_7346
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On comparing given equation with standard equation, This is an equation of a hyperbola which does not
we get a = 4 and b = 5 (b > a) intersect with conjugate axes.
\ Equations of the directrices are Hence, no point of intersection exists.
27. (c) By definition of ellipse, we have
b 5 25
y =± =± =± æ 2 ö PS + PS' = 2a
e 16 3 çQ e = 1 - a ÷
1- ç ÷
25 è b2 ø

Þ 3 y ± 25 = 0 P( x, y )

x2 y 2 S' S
23. (d) Given equation of ellipse E is + =1
9 4 (- ae, 0) (ae, 0)

4x2 + 9 y 2 a
Þ = 1 Þ 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36 a x=
36 x=- e
e
Þ 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 - 36 = 0 (1) ...(1)
and C : Eqn of circle is x2 + y2 = 9 28. (d) Y
Which can be rewritten as
x2 + y 2 - 9 = 0 (2) ...(2) 2
For a point P (1, 2) we have F (0, 3) x = 12y
L
M
4 (1) + 9 ( 2 ) - 36 = 40 - 36 > 0 [from
2 2
(1)](1)
from

and 12 + 22 - 9 = 5 - 9 < 0 [from (2)]from (2) X

X' V (0, 0)
\ Point P lies outside of E and inside of C.
24. (c) When a point P moves such that the difference of its
distances from two given points (c, 0) and (– c, 0) is
constant, then the locus of the point P is hyperbola.
It is the definition of hyperbola also.

x2 y2 Y'
25. (c) Let the equation of ellipse be + =1
a2 b2
Length of minor axis = 2b Given parabola is x2 = 12y which is of the form x2 = 4ay.
Þ 4a = 12 Þ a = 3
2b2 Now, LM is the latus rectum whose length = 4a = 4 × 3
and length of latus rectum =
a = 12
According to the question,
1
2 So, area of D LMV = × LM × VF.
2b 2
= b Þ 2b = a Þ 4b2 = a2
a æ1 ö
Now, eccentricity of ellipse = ç ´ 12 ´ 3 ÷ sq. unit
è2 ø
a 2 - b2 = 18 square unit
e=
a
29. (d) Y
2 2
4b - b 3b 3
e= = = P (x1, y1)
2b 2b 2

3
Þ e=
2 F (a, 0)
26. (d) The given equation of curve is X
4x2 – 9y2 = 1 X'

x2 y2
Þ - =1
1/ 4 1/ 9
y2 = 4ax
Y'
CONICS — Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola M-181

Focal-Distance : 33. (b) The eccentricity e of an ellipse satisfies the condition :

The distance between a point on a parabola and its 0 < e < 1.
focus is called its focal distance. 34. (a) Since vertices of an ellipse are (±a, 0) and foci are
Let F(a, 0) be a focus on parabola y2 = 4ax. (± ae, 0)
Since, P(x1, y1) on y2 = 4ax \ a = 5 and ae = 4
\ y12 = 4 ax1 ...(1) Þe=
4
Now, Focal distance 5

PF = ( a - x1 )2 + y12

= a 2 + x12 - 2 ax1 + y12 (c, 0) (5, 0)

= a 2 + x12 - 2 ax1 + 4ax1

(from 1)

= a 2 + x12 + 2 ax1
2 b2
We know, e = 1 -
= ( a +x1 )2 = a +x1 a2

16 b2
Hence, focal distance = a + x1. Þ =1 -
25 25
2b 2
30. (c) Length of minor axis = 2b and latus rectum = b2 9
a Þ = Þ b2 = 9
25 25
2b 2 Hence, Required equation is
According to given condition =b
a
Þ 2b = a x 2 y2
+ =1
25 9
b2 b2 3
Now, e = 1 - 2 = 1 - 2 = 35. (c) Transverse axis
a 4b 4
Proof: The focal distance of any point (x, y) on
3
Þ e= x2 y2
2 hyperbola - = 1 is
31. (a) Given equation can be written as a2 b2
e | x | – a from the nearer focus
x 2 y2
+ =1 e | x | + a from the farther focus.
36 16
Difference = (e | x | + a) – (e | x | – a) = 2a
This is an ellipse.
Þ a2 = 36, b2 = 16 = length of transverse axes.
36. (b) 4x2 – 9y2 = 1
b2 16 20 2 5 5
e = 1- = 1- = = =
a 2 36 36 6 3 x2 y2
2
- 2 =1
32. (a) Given equation of ellipse is æ 1ö æ 1ö
çè ÷ø çè ÷ø
x 2 y2 2 3
+ =1
4 9
2
æ 1ö
x 2
y 2 çè ÷ø
+ =1 3 13
Þ 2 eccentricity, e = 1 + =
( 2) ( 3)2 æ 1ö
2 3
çè ÷ø
Þ a = 2 and b = 3 2
Length of major axis = 2a = 4
Since, we have æ 1 13 ö æ 13 ö
foci = çç ± 2 ´ 3 ,0 ÷÷ = çç ± 6 , 0 ÷÷
Sum of the focal distances of a point on ellipse = length è ø è ø
of major axis.
\ Required Ans = 4 units.
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M-182 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
37. (b) y2 + 2x = 0 Þ y2 = –2x, which is in the form
y2 = – 4ax. Therefore axis of parabola is x-axis and its x2 y2
40. (c) + =1
equation is y = 0. a2 b2
38. (c) Let 2a and 2b be the length of major and minor axis Y
respectively.

b2 4
1- =
2 5
a X¢ X

b2 9 D
2
= ...(i)
a 25
Y¢
2b2 Area of ellipse is p ab
Also, = 14.4
a Area of shaded region = Area of ellipse – Area of rectangle
= p ab – 2ab = ab (p – 2)
b2 41. (c) Focus is (0, – 2)
= 7.2, b2 = 7.2 a
a a = – 2 and parabola is along y-axis downward
x2 = 4ay
b2 x2 = – 8y
Putting value of in equation (i)
a or x2 + 8y = 0
42. (d) Equation of ellipse is 25x2 + 16y2 = 400
7.2 9
= Þ a = 20
a 25 x2 y2
+ =1
b2 = 7.2 × 20 = 144 16 25
b = 12 Here, a2 = 16 and b2 = 25
the sum of the major and minor axes
2a 2 2 ´ 16 32
= 2a + 2b \ Length of latus rectum = = =
= 2 (a + b) = 2 (20 + 12) = 64 units b 5 5
43. (c) Equation of line
x2 y2 2y = 3x + 12 ...(i)
39. (b) Given equation of ellipse, 2
+ 2 =1 Equation of parabola
a b 4y = 3x2 ...(ii)
Let A (a cos q, b sin q) be any point on ellipse From eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(1st quadrant) 2 (3x + 12) = 3x2
Coordinate of B = [a cos (p – q), b sin (p – q)] 3x2 – 6x – 24 = 0
= (– a cos q, b sin q) (2nd quadrant) x2 – 2x – 8 = 0
Coordinate of C = [a cos (p + q), b sin (p + q)] (x – 4) (x + 2) = 0
(3rd quadrant) \x=4
Coordinate of D = [a cos (2p – q), b sin (2p – q)] and x = –2
= (a cos q, – b sin q) (4th quadrant) Now putting the value of x in eqn (ii)
We get y = 12 and y = 3
Y Thus, the points (–2, 3) and (4, 12)
3x + 12
(–a cos q , b sin q) (a cos q , b sin q ) 44. (a) Equation of line 2y = 3x + 12, y =
A 2
B
3x 2
X¢
O
X Equation of parabola 4y = 3x2, y =
4
C D é 3x + 12 3x 2 ù
4
(–a cos q , –b sin q ) (a cos q , –b sin q) = ò-2 ê - ú dx
ëê 2 4 ûú
Y¢
4 4
Area of the rectangle ABCD 1 é 3x 2 ù 3 é x3 ù
= (a cos q + a cos q) (b sin q + b sin q) = 2 ê 2 + 12x ú - ê ú
4 êë 3 úû
êë úû -2 -2
= 2a cos q × 2b sin q = 2ab sin 2q
= 2ab × 1 = 2ab
CONICS — Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola M-183

y x2 y2
47. (c) – =1
a2 b2
(4, 12)
Hyperbola passes through 3 5, 1 ( )
(3 5 )
2
1
\ 2
– =1
x1 a b2
(–4,0) (–2,0) O (4, 0) x
45 1
2
– =1 ... (i)
a b2
2b2
Now length of latus rectum =
y1 a
4 2b2
Þ =
1 é ìï 3(4) 2 üï ìï 3( -2) 2 üï ù 3 a
= 2 ê í 2 + 12(4)ý - í 2 + 12( -2)ý ú
êë ïî ïþ ïî ïþ úû 2 b2 3b2
Þ = Þ a= ... (ii)
3 a 2
3 é 43 ( -2)3 ù Putting the value of ‘a’ from equation (ii) in
– ê - ú
4 ëê 3 3 ûú equation (i),
45 ´ 4 1
1 3 é 64 + 8 ù Þ – =1
= [ 24 + 48 - 6 + 24] - ê 9b 4
b2
2 4 ë 3 úû
20 1
1 Þ 4
– =1
= ´ 90 - 18 = 27 sq. units. b b2
2 2 4
45. (c) Equation of line 2y = 3x + 12 and equations of parabola 20 – b = b
4y = 3x2 b4 + b2 – 20 = 0
4 b4 + 5b2 – 4b2 – 20 = 0
4 æ 3x + 12 3x 2ö æ3 2 x3 ö b2 (b2 + 5) – 4(b2 + 5) = 0
= ò0 ç - ÷ dx = ç x + 6x - ÷
è 2 4 ø è4 4ø
0 (b2 – 4) (b2 + 5) = 0
= 3 × 4 + 24 – 16 = 36 – 16 = 20 sq. units. b2 = 4, b2 = –5
\ Area enclosed by the parabola, the line and the \ b2 = 4 Þ b = 2
y axis in first quadrant = 20 sq. units Now length of conjugate axis = 2b = 2(2) = 4
46. (a) Here, ‘S’ represents focus O(0, 0) is a point which is on \ Option (c) is correct.
parabola y2 = 4ax and nearest to focus (a, 0) x 2 y2
48. (a) + =1
25 9
Y Put x = 3
Y
2
y = 4ax
æ 12 ö
(0, 3) P ç 3, ÷
X¢ O X è 5ø
(0, 0) S(a, 0) 3
s r

O X
O'(–4, 0)
5 (4, 0)
Y¢

\ abscissa of O (0, 0) is x = 0
\ Option (a) is correct.
 EBD_7346
M-184 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
51. (a) Here,
9 y2
+ =1 9 x2 + 16 y 2 = 144 and 3x + 4y = 12
25 9
12 12 - 4 y
y= Þx=
5 3
2
P = (3, 12/5) æ 12 - 4 y ö 2
So, 9 ç ÷ + 16 y = 144
2 è 3 ø
æ 12 ö
r = PO = (4 - 3)2 + ç 0 - ÷ On solving we get, y = 0, 3
è 5ø For y = 0; x = 4
= 13/5 For y = 3; x = 0
2 Þ Length of chord = (0 - 3)2 + (4 - 0)2 = 9 + 16
æ 12 ö
S = PO¢ = (-4 - 3)2 + ç 0 - ÷
è 5ø = 25 = 5 units
= 37/5
52. (a) Here, b 2 = a 2 (e2 - 1)
13 37 50 For rectangular hyperbola : a = b
r +s = + = = 10 unit
5 5 5
49. (b) Q 16x2 – 9y2 = 1
Þ b2 = b 2 (e2 - 1)
Þ e2 – 1 = 1
x2 y2
or 2
- 2
=1 Þ e2 = 2 Þ e = ± 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö
çè ÷ø çè ÷ø For hyperbola, e > 1.
4 3
Hence, e = 2
2 2
x y 53. (b) Parabola Eq : y = x2 + 7 x + 2
Comparing with - =1
a2 b2 Line eq. : y = 3x – 3
1 Since all the points given in the options lie on the
2
\a = parabola.
16 Thus we will calculate the distance from the given line
2 1 to these points :
& b =
9 | 3(0) - (2) - 3 | 5
for (0, 2) : distance = = 2 2
=
10
b2
(3) + (-1)
Q e = 1+
a2 | 3(-2) - (-8) - 3 | 1
for (–2, –8) : distance = =
1 10 10
\e = 1+ 9
1 | 3(-7) - 2 - 3 | 26
16 for (–7, 2) : distance = =
10 10
5 | 3(1) - 10 - 3 | 10
Þ e=
3 for (1, 10) : distance = =
10 10
2 2 \ (–2, –8) is the given point.
x y
50. (a) Let the equation of hyperbola be 2
- =1 54. (c)
a b2
1
2 55. (a) foci: (±2, 0) , e =
2b 4
Latus rectum = 8 = Þ b2 = 4a ...... (i)
a 1 c 2 1
Also, b2 = a2(e2 –1) c = 2, e = = Þ = Þa=8
4 a a 4
Þ 4a = a2 (e2–1) [From (i)] We know, a2 – b2 = c2
éæ 3 ö 2 ù Þ b2 = a2 – c2 = 82 – 22 = 64 – 4 = 60
Þ 4a = a2 ê çè ÷ø - 1ú x2 y2
êë 5 úû Eqn of ellipse Þ + =1
a2 b2
Þ a =5 & b2 = 20
x 2 y2
x2 y2 Þ + =1
\ Equation is - =1 64 60
25 20
CONICS — Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola M-185

56. (b) Given that sum of the distances of two flag-posts from
him is always 10m. So, the race course is in the shape
x2 y2 x2 y2 49x 2 7y2
of ellipse. + =1 Þ + =1 Þ + = 1.
From the given figure, Mf1 + Mf2 = 10 a2 b2 æ 32 ö
2 64 1024 64
ç ÷ 7
M è 7ø
59. (a) Given,
vertices, (5, 0) and (–5, 0)
foci (4,0) and (–4, 0)

f2 f1

Let ‘a’ be the length of semi major axis and ‘b’ be the (–5, 0) (–4, 0) (0, 0) (4, 0) (5, 0)
length of semi minor axis.
\ Mf1 + Mf2 = 10 Þ 2a = 10 Þ a = 5
Also, f1f2 = 8
Let f1 = (C, 0) and f2 = (–C, 0). i.e., ae = 4
\ f1f2 = 8 Þ 2C = 8 Þ C = 4
4 4
We know, a2 = b2 + c2 Þ 52 = b2 + 42 Þ b2 = 25 – 16 Þe= = .
a 5
= 9 =32
\ b = 3. we know, b2 = a2 (1 –e2)
Area of the racecourse = pab = p × 5 × 3 = 15p sq. m æ æ 4ö 2 ö
57. (a) Given ellipse, 2x2 + 7y2 = 20. = 52 ç 1 - ç ÷ ÷
Given point, (1, 2) è è 5ø ø
2(1)2 + 7(2)2 – 20 = 2 + 28 – 20 = 38 – 20 = 18 > 0.
æ 25 - 16 ö
\ Point is outside the ellipse. = 25 ç =9
è 25 ÷ø
2 \ a2 = 25, b2 = 9
2 2 æ 3ö 2 9 2
58. (b) Given, b = 2a, c = ç ÷ a = a
4
è ø 16 x 2 y2
We know, a2 = b2 + c2 Equation of ellipse is + = 1.
25 9
So, 61. (d) Given equation, 2x2 – 3y2 – 6 = 0
Þ 2x2 – 3y2 = 6
9 2
a 2 = 2a + a Þ 16a 2 = 32a + 9a 2 Þ 7a 2 = 32a x2 y 2
16 Þ - =1
3 2
32 This equation represents hyperbola.
Þa=
7 62. (a) The parabolas y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4ay
They intersect at (0, 0) and (4a, 4a)
64
\ b2 = These points lie on y = x
7
Equation of ellipse is
 EBD_7346
M-186 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

TRIGONOMETRY — Ratio &

Identity, Trigonometric
Equations 11
1. The difference of two angles is 1°; the circular measure of 6. If sin (p cos x) = cos (p sin x), then what is one of the values
their sum is 1. What is the smaller angle in circular measure ? of sin 2x ?

é180 ù é p ù 1 1
(a)
ê p - 1ú
(b) ê1 - 180 ú (a) - (b) -
ë û ë û 4 2

1é p ù 1 é180 ù 3
(c) 1- (d) - 1ú [2006-I] (c) - (d) – 1 [2006-I]
2 êë 180 úû 2 êë p û 4
2. A positive acute angle is divided into two parts whose 7. In a triangle ABC, if cos A = cos B cos C, what is the value of
tan A – tan B – tan C ?
1 7
tangents are and . What is the value of this angle ? (a) 0 (b) – 1
8 9
(c) 1 + tan A tan B tan C (d) tan A tan B tan C – 1
p p [2006-I]
(a) (b)
3 4 8. What is the value of 3 cosec 20° – sec 20° ?
p p (a) 4 (b) 2
(c) (d) [2006-I]
6 12 (c) 1 (d) 0 [2006-I]
3. If an angle B is complement of an angle A, what are the 9. Let 45° £ q < 90°. If tan q + cot q = (tan q)i + (cot q)i for some
greatest and least values of cos A cos B respectively ? i ³ 2, then what is the value of sin q + cos q ?

1 1 1
(a) 0, - (b) , -1 (a) 2 (b)
2 2 2
1 1
(c) 1, 0 (d) ,- [2006-I] ( 3 + 1) 2
2 2 (c) (d) [2006-II]
2 ( 3 + 1)
4. Three expressions are given below :
Q1 = sin (A + B) + sin (B + C) + sin (C + A) 10. Given that tan q = m ¹ 0, tan 2q = n ¹ 0 and tan q + tan 2q =
Q2 = cos (A – B) + cos (B – C) + cos (C – A) tan 3q, then which one of the following is correct ?
Q3 = sin A (cos B + cos C) + sin B (cos C + cos A) + (a) m = n (b) m + n = 1
sin C (cos A + cos B) (c) m + n = 0 (d) mn = – 1 [2006-II]
Which one of the following is correct ? 4
(a) Q1 = Q2 11. Let A and B be obtuse angles such that sin A = and
5
(b) Q2 = Q3
(c) Q1 = Q3 cos B = - 12 . What is the value of sin (A + B) ?
(d) All the expressions are different [2006-I] 13

1 63 33
5. For what values of x is the equation 2 sin q = x + valid ? (a) - (b) -
x 65 65
(a) x = ± 1 (b) All real values of x
33 63
(c) – 1< x < 1 (d) x > 1 and x < – 1 (c) (d) [2006-II]
65 65
[2006-I]
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-187

1 - sin A
21. What is the minimum value of cos q + cos2q?
12. If tan2B = then what is the value of A + 2B ?
1 + sin A 9
(a) –2 (b) –
8
p p
(a) (b)
2 3 9
(c) 0 (d) – [2007-I]
16
p p
(c) (d) [2006-II] 22. If 3 tan q + 4 = 0,where ( p/2)<q < p, then what is the value of
4 6
2cotq –5 cos q + sin q?
13. Given that cos 20° – sin 20° = p, then what is the value of sin
40° ? 53 7
(a) – (b)
(a) 1 – p2 (b) 1 + p2 10 10
(c) p 2 (d) p2 – 1 [2006-II]
14. Given that p = tan a + tan b, and q = cot a + cot b; then what 23 37
(c) (d) [2007-I]
10 10
æ1 1ö
is ç - ÷ equal to ? 23. What is the value of cosec ( 13p /12)?
çp q÷
è ø
(a) 6+ 2 (b) – 6+ 2
(a) cot (a – b) (b) tan (a – b)
(c) tan (a + b) (d) cot (a + b) [2006-II] (c) 6– 2 (d) – 6– 2 [2007-I]
15. A is a certain positive acute angle which satisfies the 24. What is the value of (secq – cosq) (cosecq – sinq) (cotq + tanq )?
following equation : (a) 1 (b) 2
Number of degrees in A + Number of radians in (c) sin q (d) cos q [2007-I]
A = (180 + p)/3
What is the angle A ? p
25. If a + b = and b + g = a ; then which one of the following
(a) 20° (b) 40° 2
(c) 60° (d) 80° [2006-II] is correct?
16. If sin q + cos q = 0, then what is the value of q ?
3 3
(a) 2 tan b + tan g = tan a
-p (b) tan b + 2tan g = tan a
(a) (b) 0 (c) tan b + 2tan g = tan a
4
(d) 2 (tan b + tan g )= tan a [2007-I]
p p
(c) (d) [2006-II] (cos10° + sin 20°)
4 3 26. What is the value of ?
(cos 20° – sin10°)
17. What is the value of

cosec ( p + q) cot{(9p / 2 – q)}cos ec 2 (2p – q) 1 1

(a) (b) –
cot(2p – q) sec2 ( p – q) sec{(3p / 2) + q} 3 3

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) – 3 [2007-I]

(c) –1 (d) ¥ [2007-I] 27. If a and b are such that tan a = 2 tan b, then what is
18. What is the value of sin (a + b) equal to ?
sin(A + B) sin ( A – B) + sin (B + C) sin ( B – C) + sin (C + A) (a) 1 (b) 2 sin (a – b)
sin ( C – A)? [2007-I] (c) sin (a – b) (d) 3 sin (a – b) [2007-II]
(a) 0 (b) sinA + sin B + sin C
28. What is the value of
(c) cosA + cos B + cos C (d) 1
cos 306° + cos 234° + cos 162° + cos 18° ?
19. Given that tan a = m/(m + 1), tan b = 1/(2m+ 1), then what is
(a) 1 (b) –1
the value of a + b ?
(c) 0 (d) 2 [2007-II]
p 29. Let ABCD be a square and let P be a point on AB such that
(a) 0 (b)
4 AP : PB = 1 : 2. If Ð APD = q , then what is the value of
p p cos q ?
(c) (d) [2007-I]
6 3 1 1
20. If x = r sin q cos f , y = r sin q sin f and z = r cos q, then (a) (b)
10 5
x2 + y2 + z2 is independent of which of the following?
(a) r only (b) r, f 2 2
(c) q, f (d) r, q [2007-I] (c) (d) [2007-II]
10 5
 EBD_7346
M-188 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

1 38. Which one of the following is correct?

30. If cos3 A = , then how many values can sin A assume?
2 æ 1° ö æ 1° ö
ç 1 + cos 67 ÷ ç 1 + cos112 ÷ is
(0 < A < 360°) è 2 øè 2ø
(a) 3 (b) 4 (a) an irrational number and is greater than 1
(c) 5 (d) 6 [2007-II] (b) a rational number but not an integer
31. Let 0° < q < 45°. Which one of the following is correct? (c) an integer
(a) sin 2 q + cos 6 q = sin 6 q + cos 2 q (d) an irrational number and is less than 1 [2008-I]
4 æ pö
(b) co sec 2 q + cot 6 q = co sec 6 q + cot 2 q 39. If sin 2A = , then what is the value of tan A ç 0 £ A £ ÷ ?
5 è 4ø
(c) sin 2 q - cos 4 q = sin 4 q + cos 2 q (a) 1 (b) – 1
(d) co sec 2 q + cot 4 q = cosec 4 q + cot 2 q [2007-II] 1
32. If sin A = sin B and cos A = cos B, then which one of the (c) (d) 2 [2008-I]
2
following is correct ?
(a) B = np + A cos 10° - sin 10°
40. What is the value of ?
(b) A = 2np - B cos10° + sin10°
(c) A = 2np + B (a) tan 35° (b) tan 10°
(d) B = np - A (n is an integer) [2007-II] 1
(c) (d) 1 [2008-I]
p 2
33. If a = , what is the value of cos a cos 2a cos 4a ?
8 41. For what value of x does the equation
1 4 sin x + 3 sin 2x – 2 sin 3x + sin 4x = 2 3 hold ?
(a) 0 (b)
4 p p
(c) 8 (d) 4 [2007-II] (a) (b)
6 4
34. What is the value of cot (– 870°)?
p p
1 (c) (d) [2008-I]
(a) 3 (b) 3 2
3
42. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
1 (a) sin 2p : sin ( –2 p )
(c) - 3 (d) - [2007-II]
3 (b) tan 45° : tan (– 315°)
35. The following question consist of two statements, one (c) cot (tan–1 0.5) : tan (cos–1 0.5)
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (d) tan 420° : tan (– 60°) [2008-I]
(R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully
æ 5p ö
and select the answer. 43. What is the value of sin ç ÷ ?
è 12 ø
Let X = {qÎ[0, 2p]: sin q = cos q}
Assertion (A) : The number of elements in X is 2. 3 +1 6+ 2
(a) (b)
Reason (R) : sin q and cos q are both negative both in 2 4
second and fourth quadrants.
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct 3+ 2 6 +1
(c) (d) [2008-I]
explanation of A. 4 2
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the 44. What is the correct sequence of the following values?
correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false. æ pö æ pö
1. sin ç ÷ 2. cos ç ÷
(d) A is false but R is true. [2008-I] è 12 ø è 12 ø
36. What is the measure of the angle 114° 35¢ 30² in radian?
æ pö
(a) 1 rad (b) 2 rad 3. cot ç ÷
(c) 3 rad (d) 4 rad [2008-I] è 12 ø
4
Select the correct answer using the code given below
æ 1° 1° ö (a) 3 > 2 > 1 (b) 1 > 2 > 3
37. What is the value of ç sin 22 + cos 22 ÷ ?
è 2 2ø (c) 1 > 3 > 2 (d) 3 > 1 > 2 [2008-I]
45. What is the value of cos 15°?
3+ 2 2 1+ 2 2
(a)
2
(b)
2 (a)
1
2 (
2– 3 ) (b)
1
2 (
2+ 3 )
3 2+2 (c) 2+ 3 (d) 2– 3 [2008-II]
(c) (d) 1 [2008-I]
2
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-189

46. How many values of q between 0° and 360° satisfy 57. One radian is approximately equal to which one of the
tan q = k ¹ 0, where k is a given number? [2008-II] following? [2009-I]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 90° (b) 180°
(c) 4 (d) Many (c) 57° (d) 47°
47. If sin x + sin y = a, cos x + cos y = b, then what is the value 58. If cot(x + y) = 1/ 3 , cot(x – y) = 3 then what are the
of cos (x – y)? [2008-II] smallest positive values of x and y respectively? [2009-I]
(a) a2 – 1 (b) b2 – 1 (a) 45°, 30° (b) 30°, 45°
1 2 1 2 (c) 15°, 60° (d) 45°, 15°
(c)
2
( a + b2 – 2 ) (d)
2
( a + b2 ) 59. x = sin q cos q and y = sin q + cos q are satisfied by which
one of the following equations? [2009-I]
48. What is 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 4 A equal to? [2008-II] (a) y2 – 2x = 1 (b) y2 + 2x = 1
(a) cos A (b) cos(2A) (c) y2 – 2x = –1 (d) y2 + 2x = – 1
60. 4 4
If sin x – cos x = p, then which one of the following is
(c) 2cos(A/2) (d) 2 cos A
correct? [2009-I]
49. The equation tan 2 f + tan 6 f = tan 3 f × sec 2 f is (a) p = 1 (b) p = 0
(a) identity for only one value of f (c) p >1 (d) p £1
(b) not an identity
61. If cos q < sin q and q lies in the first quadrant, then which
(c) identity for all values of f
one of the following is correct? [2009-I]
(d) None of the above
(a) 0 < q < p/4 (b) p/4 < q < p/2
50. If secA + tanA = p, then what is the value of sinA?
(c) 0 < q < p/3 (d) p/3 < q < p/2
[2008-II]
62. If sin2x + sin2y = 1, then what is the value of cot(x + y)?
2
p –1 p +1
2
[2009-I]
(a) (b)
p2 +1 p2 –1
(a) 1 (b) 3
(c) 1 (d) None of these
51. What is the value of tan (–1575°)? [2009-I] (c) 0 (d) 1/ 3
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 63. What is the value of cos10° + cos110° + cos130°?
(c) 0 (d) –1 [2009-I]
(a) –1 (b) 0
52. For which acute angle q, cosec 2q = 3 3 cot q – 5 ?
(c) 1 (d) 2
[2009-I]
5p p 64. What is the length of arc of a circle of radius 5 cm subtending
(a) (b) a central angle measuring 15°? [2009-II]
12 3
p p (a) 5p/12cm (b) 7p/12cm
(c) (d) (c) p/12cm (d) p/5cm
6 4
53. If tan q = 2 tan f + 1, then which one of the following is
2 2 65. What is the maximum value of sinq cosq? [2009-II]
correct? [2009-I] (a) 1 (b) 1/2
(a) cos(2q) = cos ( 2f ) –1 (c) 1/ 2 (d) 3/2
(b) cos(2q) = cos ( 2f ) + 1 66. If sinx + cosecx = 2, then what is the value of
(c) cos(2q) = éë cos ( 2f ) –1ùû / 2 sin4x + cosec4x? [2009-II]
(d) cos(2q) = éë cos ( 2f ) + 1ûù / 2 (a) 2 (b) 4
54. What is the value of 1 – sin10° sin50° sin70°? [2009-I] (c) 8 (d) 16
(a) 1/8 (b) 3/8 67. What is the value of tan 15° + cot 15°? [2009-II]
(c) 5/8 (d) 7/8 (a) 3 (b) 2 3
55. The sines of two angles of a triangle are equal to 5/13 and (c) 4 (d) 2
99/101. What is the cosine of the third angle? [2009-I] 68. If A + B + C = p/2, then what is the value of
(a) 255/1313 (b) 265/1313 tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A? [2009-II]
(c) 275/1313 (d) 770/1313 (a) 0 (b) 1
56. After subtending an angle of 1000° from its inital position, (c) –1 (d) tan A tan B tan C
the revolving line will be situated in which one of the
69. If (sinx + cosec x)2 + (cos x + sec x)2 = k + tan2x + cot2x,
following quadrants? [2009-I]
then what is the value of k? [2009-II]
(a) First quadrant (b) Second quadrant
(a) 8 (b) 7
(c) Third quadrant (d) Fourth quadrant
(c) 4 (d) 3
 EBD_7346
M-190 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
70. If p = sin (989°) cos (991°), then which one of the following 1 1
is correct? [2009-II] 78. If tan A = and tan B = , then what is the value of (A+B)?
2 3
(a) p is finite and positive
p
(b) p is finite and negative (a) 0 (b) [2010-I]
4
(c) p = 0
p
(d) p is undefined (c) (d) p
2
41p 1 - 3 tan 2 A sin x
71. If A = , then what is the value of ? 79. If cos x ¹ – 1, then what is equal to? [2010-I]
12 3tan A - tan 3 A 1 + cos x
[2009-II] x x
(a) – cot (b) cot
(a) –1 (b) 1 2 2
(c) 1/3 (d) 3 x x
(c) tan (d) – tan
72. Consider the following statements [2009-II] 2 2
I. If q = 1200°, then (secq + tanq)–1 is positive. 1 + tan15º
80. What is the value of ? [2010-I]
II. If q = 1200°, then (cosecq – cotq) is negative. 1 – tan15º
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1
(a) I only (b) II only (a) 1 (b)
2
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
1
73. If cot q = 2cos q , where (p /2) < q < p , then what is the value (c) (d) 3
3
of q ? [2009-II]
(a) 5p/6 (b) 2p/3 81. What is the value of 3 cosec 20º – sec 20º ? [2010-I]
(a) 1/4 (b) 4
(c) 3p/4 (d) 11p/12 (c) 2 (d) 1
74. If cot q = 5/12 and q lies in the third quadrant, then what is o
(2 sin q + 3 cos q) equal to? [2009-II] æ 1ö
82. What is tan ç 7 ÷ equal to? [2010-I]
(a) – 4 è 2ø
(b) –p2 for some odd prime p (a) 6 + 3 – 2 + 2 (b) 6 + 3 + 2 +2
(c) (–q/p) where p is an odd prime and q a positive integer (c) 6 – 3+ 2 –2 (d) 6+ 3+ 2 –2
with (q/p) not an integer
cos15º + cos 45º
(d) –p for some odd prime p 83. What is the value of ? [2010-I]
75. What is the value of [2009-II] cos3 15º + cos3 45º
cos (p/9) + cos (p/3) + cos (5p/9) + cos (7p/9)? 1 1
(a) (b)
(a) 1 (b) –1 4 2
(c) –1/2 (d) 1/2 1
(c) (d) None of these
3
76. What is the value of 3 cosec 20° – sec 20° ? [2009-II] 84. The angle A lies in the third quadrant and it satisfies the
(a) 4 (b) 3 equation 4 (sin2x + cosx) = 1.What is the measure of the
(c) 2 (d) 1 angle A? [2010-I]
(a) 225° (b) 240°
77. Match List_I with List_II and select the correct answer using (c) 210° (d) None of these
the code given below the lists [2009-II]
sin q + 1
85. What is equal to ? [2010-II]
List-I List-II cos q
A. tan 15° 1. –2 – 3 sin q + cos q - 1 sin q + cos q + 1
(a) sin q + cos q + 1
(b) sin q + cos q - 1
B. tan 75° 2. 2+ 3
C. tan 105° 3. –2 + 3 sin q - cos q - 1 sin q - cos q + 1
(c) sin q + cos q + 1
(d) sin q + cos q - 1
4. 2– 3
86. One of the angles of a triangle is 1/2 radian and the other is
Codes : 99°. What is the third angle in radian measure?
A B C [2010-II]
(a) 4 1 2 9 p - 10 90 p - 100
(b) 4 2 1 (a) (b)
p 7p
(c) 3 2 1
90 p - 10
(d) 2 1 4 (c) (d) None of these
p
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-191

96. Which one of the following is correct? [2010-II]

æ sec 18° cosec 18° ö (a) sin 1° > sin 1 (b) sin 1° < sin 1
What is ç + [2010-II]
è sec 144° cosec 144° ø÷
87. equal to?
p
(a) sec 18° (b) cosec 18° (c) sin 1° = sin 1 (d) sin 1° = sin 1
180
(c) –sec 18° (d) –cosec 18° 97. If in general, the value of sin A is known, but the value of A
p æ Aö
88. If a and b are positive angles such that a + b = , then is not known, then how many values of tan ç ÷ can be
4 è2ø
what is (1 + tan a) (1 + tan b) equal to? [2010-II]
calculated? [2011-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 2 (d) 3 (c) 3 (d) 4
89. What is the value of (sin 50° – sin 70° + sin 10°) ? 98. If x = sinq + cosq and y = sinq.cosq, then what is the value
[2010-II] of x4 – 4x2y – 2x2 + 4y2 + 4y + 1?
1 [2011-I]
(a) 1 (b) (a) 0 (b) 1
2 (c) 2 (d) None of these
99. If (1 + tanq) (1 + tanf) = 2, then what is (q + f) equal to?
3 (a) 30° (b) 45° [2011-I]
(c) (d) 0
2 (c) 60° (d) 90°
90. If cos A + cos B = m and sin A + sin B = n, where m, n ¹ 0, 100. If an angle a is divided into two parts A and B such that A –
then what is sin (A + B) equal to ? [2010-II] B = x and tan A : tan B = 2 : 1, then what is sin x equal to?
(a) 3 sin a (b) (2 sin a) / 3 [2011-I]
mn 2mn (c) (sin a) / 3 (d) 2 sin a
(a) 2 2 (b)
m +n m + n2
2 101. What is the value of
tan 9° – tan 27° – tan 63° + tan 81°? [2011-II]
m2 + n 2 mn (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) (d) (c) 3 (d) 4
2mn m+n
æ 2p ö æ 4p ö
p 102. If x = y cos ç ÷ = z cos ç ÷ , then what is
91. If y = sec2 q + cos2 q, where 0 < q < , then which one of è 3 ø è 3 ø
2
xy + yz + zx equal to? [2011-II]
the following is correct? [2010-II] (a) – 1 (b) 0
(a) y = 0 (b) 0 £ y £ 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) y ³ 2 (d) None of these 103. If sin A + sin B + sin C = 3 then what is cos A + cos B + cos
92. If tan A = 3/4 and tan B = – 12/5, then how many values can C equal to? [2011-II]
cot (A – B) have depending on the actual values of A and B? (a) – 1 (b) 0
(a) 1 (b) 2 [2010-II] (c) 1 (d) 3
(c) 3 (d) 4 104. If tan A – tan B = x and cot B – cot A = y, then what is cot
93. What is the value of sin 15° sin 75°? [2010-II] (A – B) equal to? [2011-II]
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/8 1 1 1 1
(a) - (b) -
(c) 1/16 (d) 1 y x x y
sin q + cos q - tan q 3p 1 1 1 1
94. What is the value of , when q = ? (c) + (d) - -
sec q + cos ec - cot q 4 x y x y
(a) 0 (b) 1 [2010-II] 105. If tan A = 1/2 and tan B = 1/3, then what is the value of
(c) –1 (d) None of these 4A + 4B ? [2011-II]
(a) p/4 (b) p/2
1 (c) p (d) 2p
95. What is the value of sin 292 °? [2010-II]
2 106. What is the maximum value of 3 cos x + 4 sin x + 5 ?
(a) 5 (b) 7 [2011-II]
1 1
(a) 2+ 3 (b) - 2- 3 (c) 10 (d) 12
3 3 107. If sinq = cos2q, then what is cos2q(1 + cos2q) equal to?
1 1 [2011-II]
(c) 2+ 2 (d) - 2+ 2 (a) 1 (b) 0
2 2 (c) cos2 q (d) 2 sin q
 EBD_7346
M-192 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
108. What is the value of tan 15°. tan195° ? [2011-II] 120. Which one of the following is positive in the third quadrant?
(a) 7 - 4 3 (b) 7 + 4 3 (a) sinq (b) cosq [2012-I]
(c) tanq (d) secq
(c) 7+2 3 (d) 7+6 3 121. What is the value of sin (1920°)? [2012-I]
sin x 1 + cos x 1
109. What is + equal to? [2011-II] (a) 1/2 (b)
1 + cos x sin x 2
(a) 2 tan x (b) 2 cosec x
(c) 2 cos x (d) 2 sin x 3
(c) (d) 1/3
110. If sin 3A = 1, then how many distinct values can sin A 2
assume? [2011-II] 1 é pù
(a) 1 (b) 2 122. Let sin(A + B) = 1 and sin (A – B) = where A, B Î ê0, ú .
(c) 3 (d) 4 2 ë 2û
What is the value of A? [2012-I]
sin q cos q
111. What is + equal to? [2012-I] p p
cosecq sec q (a) (b)
6 3
1
(a) 1 (b) p p
2 (c) (d)
4 8
1 123. What is tan(A + 2B). tan(2A + B) equal to? [2012-I]
(c) (d) 2
3 (a) – 1 (b) 0
112. If tanq + secq = 4, then what is the value of sinq? [2012-I] (c) 1 (d) 2
(a) 8/17 (b) 8/15 124. What is sin2A – sin2B equal to? [2012-I]
(c) 15/17 (d) 23/32 (a) 0 (b) 1/2
113. What is the angle subtended by 1 m pole at a distance 1 km
(c) 1 (d) 2
on the ground in sexagesimal measure? [2012-I]
125. What is the value of
9 9 sin420°.cos390° + cos(– 300°).sin(–330°)? [2012-I]
(a) degree (b) degree
50p 5p (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3.4 minute (d) 3.5 minute (c) 2 (d) – 1
114. If cotA cotB = 2, then what is the value of 126. Consider the following statements: [2012-I]
cos(A + B) sec (A – B)? [2012-I] 1. 1° in radian measure is less than 0.02 radians.
1 2 2. 1 radian in degree measure is greater than 45°.
(a) (b) Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2012-I]
3 3
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 (d) –1
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
æ pö 127. What is maximum value of sin 2x? [2012-I]
115. What is tan ç ÷ equal to? [2012-I]
è 12 ø (a) – 1 (b) 0
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) Infinity
2- 3 2+ 3
128. If ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral then what is
(c) 2- 3 (d) 3- 2 sinA + sinB – sinC – sinD equal to? [2012-I]
116. If q = 18°, then what is the value of 4sin2q + 2sinq? (a) 0 (b) 1
(a) – 1 (b) 1 [2012-I] (c) 2 (d) 2(sin A + sin B)
(c) 0 (d) 2 129. What is the value of sin 15° ? [2012-II]
1
117. If cosecq – cotq = where q ¹ 0 , then what is the value 3 -1 3 +1
3 (a) (b)
of cos q? [2012-I] 2 2 2 2

3 3 -1 3 +1
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 +1 3 -1
1 1 130. If 4 sin 2
q = 1, where 0 < q < 2p, how many values does q
(c) (d)
2 2 take? [2012-II]
118. What is the maximum value of sin3qcos2q + cos3qsin2q? (a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 [2012-I] (c) 4 (d) None of the above
(c) 4 (d) 10 131. What is the value of sin 18° cos 36° equal to? [2012-II]
119. What is sinAcosAtanA + cosAsinAcotA equal to?
(a) 4 (b) 2
[2012-I]
(a) sinA (b) cosA (c) 1 (d) 1/4
(c) tanA (d) 1
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-193

13 142. If tan A = x + 1 and tan B = x – 1, then x2 tan (A – B) has the

132. If sec a = where 270° < a < 360° then what is sin a equal value: [2013-I]
5
(a) 1 (b) x
to ? [2012-II]
(c) 0 (d) 2
5 12 143. What is the value of (sin4q – cos4q + 1) cosec2q ?
(a) (b)
13 13 (a) – 2 (b) 0 [2013-I]
(c) 1 (d) 2
12 13
(c) - (d) -
13 12 cot x + cosecx - 1
144. The expression is equal to : [2013-I]
133. What is tan (– 585°) equal to ? [2012-II] cot x - cosecx + 1
(a) 1 (b) – 1
sin x 1 - cos x
(c) - 2 (d) - 3 (a) (b)
1 - cos x sin x
134. Consider the following statements : [2012-II]
1. The value of cos 46° – sin 46° is positive. 1 + cos x sin x
(c) (d)
2. The value of cos 44° – sin 44° is negative. sin x 1 + cos x
Which of the above statement is/are correct ? [2012-II] x
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 1 - tan 2
2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 145. What is 2 x equal to : [2013-I]
1 + tan
2
135. The angle subtended at the centre of a circle of radius 3 cm
(a) sin x. cos x (b) tan x
by an arc of length 1 cm is : [2012-II]
(c) sin x (d) cos x
30° 60°
(a) (b) cot 54° tan 20°
p p 146. What is + equal to ? [2013-II]
tan 36° cot 70°
(c) 60° (d) None of the above
(a) 0 (b) 1
2 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
136. If sin A = and cos B = where A and B are acute
5 10 147. What is sin2 20° + sin2 70° equal to ? [2013-II]
angles, then what is A + B equal to ? [2012-II] (a) 1 (b) 0
(a) 135° (b) 90° 1
(c) 75° (d) 60° (c) –1 (d)
2
137. If cosecq + cotq = c, then what is cosq equal to ? [2013-I]
148. What is (1 - sin 2 q)(1 + tan 2 q) equal to ? [2013-II]
c c
(a) (b) (a) sin2q (b) cos2 q
c2 - 1 c2 + 1
(c) tan q
2 (d) 1
c2 - 1 149. What is tan 15° equal to ? [2013-II]
(c) 2 (d) None of the above
c +1 (a) 2- 3 (b) 2+ 3
138. If sinq + 2 cosq = 1, then what is 2sinq – cosq equal to ? (c) 1 - 3 (d) 1 + 3
(a) 0 (b) 1 [2013-I]
150. Consider the following: [2013-II]
(c) 2 (d) 4
æ pö æ 3p ö
139. If A + B = 90°, then what is sin A sec B - sin A cos B 1. tan ç ÷ 2. tan ç ÷
è 6ø è 4ø
equal to ? [2013-I]
(a) sin A (b) cos A æ 5p ö æ 2p ö
3. tan ç ÷ 4. tan ç ÷
(c) tan A (d) 0 è 4ø è 3ø
140. What is tan4 A – sec4 A + tan2 A + sec2 A equal to ? What is the correct order ?
(a) 0 (b) 1 [2013-I] (a) 1 < 4 < 2 < 3 (b) 4 < 2 < 1 < 3
(c) 2 (d) –1 (c) 4 < 2 < 3 < 1 (d) 1 < 4 < 3 < 2

141. What is the value of tan 105° ? [2013-I] 1

151. If cos x = , then what is sin x . cot x . cosecx . tan x equal to ?
3
3 +1 3 +1 [2013-II]
(a) (b)
3 -1 1- 3 2 3
(a) (b)
3 -1 3+2 3 2
(c) (d) (c) 2 (d) 1
3 +1 3 -1
 EBD_7346
M-194 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
152. The complete solution of 3 tan2 x = 1 is given by : [2014-I] 160. What is cos 20° + cos 100° + cos 140° equal to ? [2014-I]
p p (a) 2 (b) 1
(a) x = np ± (b) x = np + only (c) 1/2 (d) 0
3 3
161. What is sin2 (3p) + cos2 (4p) + tan2 (5p) equal to ?[2014-I]
p p
(c) x = np ± (d) x = np + only (a) 0 (b) 1
6 6
where n Î Z (c) 2 (d) 3
153. What is the value of cos 36° ? [2014-I] 162. What is 1 + sin 2q equal to ? [2014-II]
5 -1 5 +1 (a) cos q - sin q (b) cos q + sin q
(a) (b)
4 4 (c) 2cos q + sin q (d) cos q + 2sin q
10 + 2 5 10 – 2 5 163. If cot A = 2 and cot B = 3, then what is the value of A + B ?
(c) (d)
4 4 [2014-II]
154. Consider the following statements : [2014-I] (a) p 6 (b) p
1. Value of sin q oscillates between –1 and 1.
2. Value of cos q oscillates between 0 and 1. (c) p2 (d) p4
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
1° 1°
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 164. What is sin 2 66 - sin 2 23 equal to ? [2014-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 2 2
155. Consider the following statements : [2014-I] (a) sin 47° (b) cos 47°
(c) 2 sin 47° (d) 2 cos 47°
æ 1° 1° ö
1. n ç sin 2 67 - sin 2 22 ÷ > 1 for all positive integers cos7 x - cos3 x
è 2 2ø 165. What is equal to ? [2014-II]
sin 7 x - 2sin 5x + sin 3x
n³ 2. (a) tan x (b) cot x
2. If x is any positive real number, then nx > 1 for all
(c) tan 2x (d) cot 2x
positive integers n ³ 2 .
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? sin( x + y ) a + b tan x
166. If = , then what is equal to ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only sin( x - y ) a - b tan y
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [2014-II]
156. Consider the following statements : [2014-I]
1. If 3q is an acute angle such that sin 3q = cos 2q, then b a
(a) (b)
p a b
the mesurement of q in radian equals to . (c) ab (d) 1
10
2. One radian is the angle subtended at the centre of a 167. If sin A sin (60° – A) sin (60° + A) = k sin 3A, then what is k
circle by an arc of the same circle whose length is equal equal to ? [2014-II]
to the diameter of that circle. (a) 1/4 (b) 1/2
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (c) 1 (d) 4
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 168. The line y = 3 meets the graph y = tan x, where
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
157. Consider the following statements : [2014-I] æ pö
x Îç 0, ÷ , in k points. What is k equal to? [2014-II]
1. sin x + cos x is always positive. è 2ø
(a) One (b) Two
2. sin( x 2 ) + cos( x 2 ) is always positive. (c) Three (d) Infinity
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? 169. Which one of the following is one of the solutions of the
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
equation of the equation tan 2q. tan q = 1 ? [2014-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) p 12 (b) p 6
1 + sin A 1 - sin A
158. What is - equal to ? [2014-I]
1 - sin A 1 + sin A (c) p4 (d) p3
(a) sec A – tan A (b) 2 sec A . tan A DIRECTIONS (Qs. 170-172): For the next three (03) items that
(c) 4 sec A . tan A (d) 4 cosec A . cot A follow.

159. What is
cot 224° - cot134°
equal to ? [2014-I] Given that 16sin5 x = p sin 5 x + q sin 3 x + r sin x.
cot 226° + cot 316° 170. What is the value of p ? [2014-II]
(a) – cosec 88° (b) – cosec 2° (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) – cosec 44° (d) – cosec 46° (c) –1 (d) –2
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-195

171. What is the value of q ? [2014-II]

a 4 + b4 + 4b2 a 4 - b 4 + 4b 2
(a) 3 (b) 5 (a) (b)
2 2 4
(c) 10 (d) –5 a b +b a 2 b2 + b4
172. What is the value of r ? [2014-II] a 4 - b4 + 4a 2
(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) (d) None of the above
(c) 10 (d) –10 a 2 b2 + a 4
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 181-182) : For the next two (02) items that
173. Let q be a positive angle. If the number of degrees in q is
follow .
divided by the number of radians in q , then an irrational
Consider a triangle ABC satisfying
180
number results. If the number of degrees in q is æ Cö æ Aö
p 2a sin 2 ç ÷ + 2c sin 2 ç ÷ = 2a + 2c - 3b
è 2ø è 2ø
multiplied by the number of radians in q , then an irrational 181. The sides of the triangle are in [2015-II]
125p (a) G.P.
number results. The angle q must be equal to (b) A.P.
9
(c) H.P.
[2015-I] (d) Neither in G.P. nor in A.P nor in H.P.
(a) 30° (b) 45°
182. sin A, sin B, sin C are in [2015-II]
(c) 50° (d) 60°
(a) G.P.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 174-175): For the next two (2) items that
(b) A.P.
follow.
(c) H.P.
Let a be the root of the equation 25cos2 q + 5cos q – 12 = 0, (d) Neither in G.P. nor in A.P nor in H.P.
p
where < a < p. æ 11p ö æ 21p ö æ 283p ö
2 183. If p = tan çè - ÷ø , q = tan çè ÷ø and r = cot çè ÷,
174. What is tan a equal to? [2015-I]
6 4 6 ø
then which of the following is/are correct ? [2015-II]
-3 3 1. The value of p × r is 2.
(a) (b)
4 4 2. p, q and r are in G.P.
-4 -4 Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(c) (d) (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
3 5
175. What is sin 2 a equal to? [2015-I] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 184-185) : For the next two (2) items
24 -24
(a) (b) that follow.
25 25
Given that tan a and tan b are the roots of the equation
-5 - 21
(c) (d) x 2 + bx + c = 0 with b ¹ 0.
12 25
176. (1 – sinA + cos A)2 is equal to [2015-I] 184. What is tan(a + b) equal to? [2016-I]
(a) 2 (1 – cosA) (1 + sin A) (a) b (c – 1) (b) c (b – 1)
(b) 2 (1 – sin A) (1 + cos A) (c) c (b – 1)–1 (d) b (c – 1)–1
(c) 2 (1 – cos A) (1 – sin A)
(d) None of the above 185. What is sin(a + b)sec a sec b equal to? [2016-I]
(a) b (b) – b
cos q sin q
177. What is + equal to? [2015-II] (c) c (d) – c
1 - tan q 1 - cot q
186. If A = (cos12° - cos36°)(sin 96° + sin 24°) [2016-I]
(a) sin q – cos q (b) sin q + cos q
(c) 2 sin q (d) 2 cos q and B = (sin 60°- sin12°)(cos 48°- cos 72°), then what is
178. The value of sin 2 5° + sin2 10° + sin2 15° + sin2 20° +.... A
+ sin2 90° is [2015-II] equal to?
(a) 7 (b) 8 B
(a) –1 (b) 0
19 (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) 9 (d)
2 187. sin A + 2 sin 2A + sin 3A is equal to which of the following?
sin3 A + sin 3A cos3 A - cos 3A æAö
179. On simplifying + , we get 1. 4 sin 2A cos 2 ç ÷ [2016-II]
sin A cos A è2ø
[2015-II] 2
(a) sin3A (b) cos3A æ A Aö
2. 2 sin 2A ç sin + cos ÷
(c) sin A + cos A (d) 3 è 2 2ø
180. If sin x + sin y = a and cos x + cos y = b, then
æAö
2æ x + yö æ x - y ö is equal to 3. 8 sin A cos A cos 2 ç ÷
tan ç + tan 2 ç [2015-II] è2ø
è 2 ÷ø è 2 ø÷
 EBD_7346
M-196 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
æ p ö æ 5p ö æ 7p ö
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 196. If K = sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷ , then what is the value
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 è 18 ø è 18 ø è 18 ø
of K? [2017-I]
188. If x = sin700.sin500 and y = cos600.cos800 , then what is xy
1 1
equal to ? [2016-II] (a) (b)
2 4
(a) 1/16 (b) 1/8
(c) 1/4 (d) 1/2 1 1
(c) (d)
189. If sin q1 + sin q2 + sin q3 + sin q4 = 4, then what is the value 8 16
of cos q1 + cos q2 + cos q3 + cos q4 = ? [2016-II] sin a + sin b
(a) 0 (b) 1 197. The expression is equal to [2017-I]
cos a + cos b
(c) 2 (d) 4
190. What is the value of [2016-II] æ a+bö æ a+bö
(a) tan ç ÷ (b) cot ç ÷
æ π öæ 3π öæ 5π öæ 7π ö è 2 ø è 2 ø
ç 1+ cos 8 ÷ç1+ cos 8 ÷ç1+ cos 8 ÷ç 1+ cos 8 ÷ ?
è øè øè øè ø æ a+bö æ a+bö
(c) sin ç ÷ (d) cos ç ÷
1 1 1 è 2 ø è 2 ø
(a) (b) + 198. If sinq = 3 sin (q + 2a), then the value of tan (q + a) +
2 2 2 2 2 tan a is equal to [2017-I]
1 1 (a) –1 (b) 0
1
(c) – (d) (c) 1 (d) 2
2 2 2 8 199. What is the value of tan 18°? [2017-I]
191. If xcos q + ysin q = z, then what is the value of (x sin q – y cos q)2 ?
[2016-II] 5 -1 5 -1
(a) (b)
(a) x 2 + y 2 – z 2 (b) x 2 – y2 – z 2 10 + 2 5 10 + 5

(c) x 2 – y 2 + z 2 (d) x 2 + y2 + z 2 10 + 2 5 10 + 5
(c) (d)
5 -1 5 -1
5 –1 200 If tan (a + b) = 2 and tan (a – b) = 1, then tan (2a) is equal
192. If sin 180 = , then what is the value of sin 81° ?
4 to [2017-I]
[2016-II] (a) –3 (b) –2
1
3+ 5 + 5 – 5 3+ 5 + 5+ 5 (c) - (d) 1
(a) (b) 3
4 4
4
3– 5 + 5– 5 3+ 5 - 5- 5 201. If sec q - cos ec q = , then what is (sin q – cos q) equal
(c) (d) 3
4 4 to? [2017-I]
1 – tan 20 cot 620 1
193. What is tan1520 – cot 880 equal to? [2016-II] (a) –2 only (b) only
2
1 1
(a) 3 (b) – 3 (c) Both –2 and (d) Neither nor –2
2 2
(c) 2 –1 (d) 1 – 2 202. The value of tan 9° – tan 27° – tan 63° + tan 81° is equal to
[2017-II]
3 A
194. If sin A = , where 450° < A < 540°, then cos is equal to (a) –1 (b) 0
5 2 (c) 1 (d) 4
[2017-I]
203. The value of 3 cosec 20° - sec 20° is equal to [2017-II]
1 3 (a) 4 (b) 2
(a) (b) - (c) 1 (d) –4
10 10
204. Angle a is divided into two parts A and B such that
3 A – B = x and tan A : tan B = p : q. The value of sin x is equal
(c) (d) None of the above to [2017-II]
10
( p + q ) sin a p sin a
1 3 (a) (b)
- p-q p+q
195. What is equal to? [2017-I]
sin 10° cos 10°
p sin a ( p - q ) sin a
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
p-q p+q
(c) 2 (d) 4
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-197

213. What is the period of the function f(x) = sin x? [2018-I]

æ A Aö
205. 1 + sin A = - ç sin + cos ÷ is true if [2017-II] p p
è 2 2ø (a) (b)
4 2
3p 5p p 3p
(a) <A< only (b) <A< only (c) p (d) 2p
2 2 2 2
3p 7p 3p 2 tan q
(c) <A< (d) 0 < A < 214. What is equal to? [2018-II]
2 2 2 1 + tan 2 q
1 1 (a) cos 2q (b) tan 2q
p p
206. If sin x = , sin y = , where 0 < x < , 0< y< , (c) sin 2q (d) cosec 2q
5 10 2 2
then what is (x + y) equal to? [2018-I] 215. If sec (q – a), sec q and sec (q + a) are in AP, where cos
a ¹ 1 , then what is the value of sin2 q + cos a? [2018-II]
p
(a) p (b) (a) 0 (b) 1
2
(c) – 1 (d) 1/2
p 216. A is an angle in the fourth quadrant. If satisfies the
(c) (d) 0
4 trigonometric equation 3(3–tan2 A–cot A)2 = 1.
sin 5x - sin 3x Which one of the following is a value of A? [2018-II]
207. What is equal to? [2018-I]
cos 5x + cos3x (a) 300° (b) 315°
(a) sin x (b) cos x (c) 330° (d) 345°
(c) tan x (d) cot x 217. What is/are the solutions of the trigonometric
208. What is sin 105° + cos 105° equal to? [2018-I]
(a) sin 50° (b) cos 50° equation cosec x + cot x = 3 , where 0 < x < 2 p ? [2018-II]
1 5p p
(c) (d) 0 (a) only (b) only
2 3 3
sin ( x + y ) a+b tan x p 5p
209. If = , then what is equal to?
sin ( x - y ) a-b tan y (c) p only (d) p, ,
3 3
[2018-I]
p
a b 218. If q = , then what is the value of
(a) (b) 8
b a
(2 cos q + 1)10 (2 cos 2q – 1)10 (2cosq – 1) 10 (2 cos 4q – 1)10?
a+b a-b [2018-II]
(c) (d)
a-b a+b (a) 0 (b) 1
210. If sin a + sin b = 0 = cos a + cos b, where 0 < b < a < 2p, then
which one of the following is correct? (c) 2 (d) 4
[2018-I] 219. If cos a and cos b (0 < a < b < p) are the roots of the quadratic
(a) a = p – b (b) a = p + b equation 4x 2 – 3 = 0, then what is the value of sec a × sec b ?
(c) a = 2p – b (d) 2a = p + 2b [2018-II]
æ Aö 4 4
211. Suppose cos A is given. If only one value of cos çè ø÷ is (a) - (b)
2 3 3
possible, then A must be [2018-I]
(a) An odd multiple of 90° 3 3
(c) (d) -
(b) A multiple of 90° 4 4
(c) An odd multiple of 180° 220. If A = sin2 q + cos4 q, the for all real q, which one of the
(d) A multiple of 180°
following is correct? [2018-II]
p p
212. If cos a + cos b + cos g = 0, where 0 < a £ , 0<b£ , 3
2 2 (a) 1 £ A £ 2 (b) £ A £1
4
p
0< g £ , then what is the value of sin a + sin b + sin g? 13 3 13
2 (c) £ A £1 (d) £A£
[2018-I] 16 4 16
(a) 0 (b) 3 221. What is the least value of 25 cosec2 x + 36 sec2 x? [2019-I]
(a) 1 (b) 11
5 2 3 2 (c) 120 (d) 121
(c) (d)
2 2
 EBD_7346
M-198 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
222. What is the value of [2019-I]
3 æ A ö æ 3A ö
sin 34° cos 236° - sin 56° sin124° 231. If cos A = , then what is the value of sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷?
? 4 è2ø è 2 ø
cos 28° cos 88° + cos178° sin 208°
[2019-I]
(a) –2 (b) –1
(c) 2 (d) 1 5 5
223. tan 54° can be expressed as [2019-I] (a) (b)
8 16
sin 9° + cos 9° sin 9° - cos 9°
(a) (b) 5 7
sin 9° - cos 9° sin 9° + cos 9° (c) (d)
24 32
cos 9° + sin 9° sin 36° 232. What is the value of tan 75° + cot 75° ? [2019-I]
(c) (d)
cos 9° - sin 9° cos 36°
(a) 2 (b) 4
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 224-226) : Consider the following for the
next 03 (three) items. (c) 2 3 (d) 4 3
If p = X cos q – Y sin q, q = X sinq + Y cos q and p2 + 4pq + q2 = 233. What is the value of cos 46° cos 47° cos 48° cos 49° cos
50°.... cos 135° ? [2019-I]
π
AX2 + BY2 , 0 £ 0 £ . (a) –1 (b) 0
2
224. What is the value of q? [2019-I] (c) 1 (d) Greater than 1
p p p
(a) (b) 234. If sin 2q = cos 3q, where 0 < q < , then what is sin q equal
2 3 2
p p to ? [2019-I]
(c) (d)
4 6
225. What is the value of A? [2019-I] 5 +1 5 -1
(a) (b)
(a) 4 (b) 3 4 4
(c) 2 (d) 1
226. What is the value of B ? [2019-I] 5 +1 5 -1
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) (d)
16 16
(c) 1 (d) 2
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 227-228) : Consider the following for the 235. What is (l + tan a tan b)2 + (tan a– tan b)2 – sec2 a sec2 b
next 02 (two) items. equal to [2019-I]
It is given that cos (q – a) = a, cos (q – b) = b (a) 0 (b) 1
227. What is cos (a – b) equal to ? [2019-I] (c) 2 (d) 4
(a) ab + 1 - a 2 1 - b 2 (b) ab - 1 - a 2 1 - b2 236. If p = cosec q – cot q and q = (cosec q + cot q)–1, then which
one of the following is correct ? [2019-I]
(c) a 1 - b2 - b 1 - a 2 (d) a 1 - b2 + b 1 - a 2
(a) pq = 1 (b) p = q
228. What is sin 2 (a – b) + 2ab cos (a – b) equal to ?
(c) p + q = 1 (d) p + q = 0
[2019-I]
(a) a2 + b2 (b) a2 – b2 237. If sin q + cos q = 2 cos q , then what is (cos q – sin q) equal
(c) b2 – a2 (d) – (a2 + b2)
to ? [2019-I]
229. If sin a + cos a = p, then what is cos2 (2a) equal to ?
[2019-I] (a) - 2 cos q (b) - 2 sin q
(a) p 2 (b) p2 – 1
(c) p2 (2 – p2) (d) p2 + 1 (c) 2 sin q (d) 2 sin q
1 1
230. If tan q = and tan j = , then what is the value of ? 1 1
2 3 238. If sin q = - and tan q = , then in which quadrant does
[2019-I] 2 3
p q lie ? [2019-I]
(a) 0 (b) (a) First (b) Second
6
(c) Third (d) Fourth
p p
(c) (d)
4 2
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-199

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 25 (b) 49 (b) 73 (a) 97 (b) 121 (c) 145 (d) 169 (b) 193 (b) 217 (b)
2 (b) 26 (c) 50 (a) 74 (d) 98 (a) 122 (b) 146 (c) 170 (a) 194 (d) 218 (b)
3 (d) 27 (d) 51 (a) 75 (d) 99 (b) 123 (c) 147 (a) 171 (d) 195 (d) 219 (a)
4 (c) 28 (c) 52 (c) 76 (a) 100 (c) 124 (b) 148 (d) 172 (c) 196 (c) 220 (b)
5 (a) 29 (a) 53 (c) 77 (b) 101 (d) 125 (b) 149 (a) 173 (c) 197 (a) 221 (d)
6 (c) 30 (d) 54 (d) 78 (b) 102 (b) 126 (c) 150 (b) 174 (a) 198 (b) 222 (a)
7 (a) 31 (d) 55 (a) 79 (c) 103 (b) 127 (c) 151 (d) 175 (b) 199 (a) 223 (c)
8 (a) 32 (a) 56 (d) 80 (d) 104 (c) 128 (a) 152 (c) 176 (b) 200 (a) 224 (c)
9 (a) 33 (a) 57 (c) 81 (b) 105 (c) 129 (a) 153 (b) 177 (b) 201 (b) 225 (b)
10 (c) 34 (a) 58 (d) 82 (c) 106 (c) 130 (c) 154 (a) 178 (d) 202 (d) 226 (a)
11 (a) 35 (c) 59 (a) 83 (d) 107 (a) 131 (d) 155 (a) 179 (d) 203 (a) 227 (a)
12 (a) 36 (b) 60 (d) 84 (c) 108 (a) 132 (c) 156 (a) 180 (b) 204 (d) 228 (a)
13 (a) 37 (a) 61 (b) 85 (d) 109 (b) 133 (b) 157 (d) 181 (b) 205 (c) 229 (c)
14 (d) 38 (d) 62 (c) 86 (d) 110 (b) 134 (d) 158 (c) 182 (b) 206 (c) 230 (c)
15 (c) 39 (c) 63 (b) 87 (a) 111 (a) 135 (b) 159 (b) 183 (b) 207 (c) 231 (b)
16 (a) 40 (a) 64 (a) 88 (c) 112 (c) 136 (a) 160 (d) 184 (d) 208 (c) 232 (b)
17 (b) 41 (a) 65 (b) 89 (d) 113 (a) 137 (c) 161 (b) 185 (b) 209 (a) 233 (b)
18 (a) 42 (d) 66 (a) 90 (b) 114 (a) 138 (c) 162 (b) 186 (c) 210 (b) 234 (b)
19 (b) 43 (b) 67 (c) 91 (c) 115 (a) 139 (b) 163 (d) 187 (c) 211 (c) 235 (a)
20 (c) 44 (a) 68 (b) 92 (d) 116 (b) 140 (a) 164 (b) 188 (a) 212 (b) 236 (b)
21 (b) 45 (b) 69 (b) 93 (a) 117 (c) 141 (b) 165 (b) 189 (a) 213 (d) 237 (c)
22 (c) 46 (b) 70 (b) 94 (b) 118 (a) 142 (d) 166 (b) 190 (d) 214 (c) 238 (c)
23 (d) 47 (c) 71 (b) 95 (c) 119 (d) 143 (d) 167 (a) 191 (a) 215 (a)
24 (a) 48 (c) 72 (d) 96 (b) 120 (c) 144 (c) 168 (a) 192 (a) 216 (a)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Let the angles are a and b, then a – b = 1° 1
= cos A sin A = sin 2A
p 2
Þ a–b= is circular measure ...(i)
180° Since, – 1 £ sin 2A £ 1
As given, a + b = 1 ...(ii)
1 1 1
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get, Hence, - £ sin 2A £ .
2 2 2
1é p ù 1é p ù Thus, greatest and least values of cos A cos B are
a = ê1 + and b = ê1 -
2 ë 180° úû 2 ë 180° úû 1 1
b is the smaller angle. and - .
2 2
1é p ù 4. (c) We take Q3 first,
Hence, smaller angle = ê1 -
2 ë 180° úû Q3 = sin A(cos B + cos C) + sin B(cos C + cos A) + sin
2. (b) Let two parts of an angle q are f and y. So, q = f + y C(cos A + cos B)
So, tan q = tan (f + y) = sin A cos B + sin A cos C + sin B cos C + sin B cos A
1 7 9 + 56 65 + sin C cos A + sin C cos B
tan f + tan y + = sin (A + B) + sin (B + C) + sin (C + A) = Q1
8 9 72 = 1
= = = 72 = Þ Q3 = Q1
1 - tan f tan y 1 - 1 . 7 72 - 7 65
8 9 72 72 1
5. (a) Given : 2sinq = x +
p x
p
= tan Þq = £
We know that – 1 sin q < 1, – 2 £ 2sin q < 2
4 4
3. (d) Since, A and B are complementary angles, then A 1
+ B = 90° So, – 2 £ x + < 2
x
Now, cos A cos B = cos A cos (90° – A) Thus, the given equation is valid only if
x= ±1
 EBD_7346
M-200 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
6. (c) Given that : sin (p cos x) = cos (p sin x) 10. (c) Given that tan q = m and tan 2q = n
p We know from fundamentals that
So, cos æç - p cos x ö÷ = cos( p sin x)
è2 ø Þ tan 3q = tan q + tan 2q
1 - tan q tan 2q
p
Þ - p cos x = p sin x Since, tan 3q = tan q + tan 2q.....(as given)
2
tan q + tan 2q
1 Þ tan q + tan 2q =
Þ sin x + cos x = 1 - tan q tan 2q
2 Þ (tan q + tan 2q) (1– tan q tan 2q)
Squaring both sides, we get –(tan q + tan 2q) = 0
Þ (tan q + tan 2q) {1– tan q tan 2q -1} = 0
1
sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x = Þ (tan q + tan 2q) – (tan q tan 2q) = 0
4
Þ (m + n) – mn = 0; Þ ( m + n) = 0
1 3 [since m ¹ 0 and n ¹ 0]
Þ sin 2x = -1 = -
4 4 4 12
11. (a) sin A = and cos B = -
7. (a) As given, cos A = cos B cos C ...(1) 5 13
tan A – tan B – tan C It is given that A and B are obtuse angle
sin A sin B sin C
= - - 16 3
cos A cos B cos C Þ cos A = ± 1 - sin 2 A = ± 1 - =-
25 5
sin A (sin B cos C + cos B sin C )
= - Negative sign is taken for cos A since A being obtuse
cos A cos B cos C
lies in second quadrant.
sin A - sin (B + C)
= ....[using (1)] 2
cos A æ -12 ö
sin B = ± 1 - cos 2 B = ± 1 - ç ÷
sin A - sin (p - A) è 13 ø
= [Since, A + B + C = p.
cos A
So, B + C = p – A] 169 - 144 5
= =
sin A - sin A 169 13
= =0
cos A Positive sign is taken since, sin B is positive in second
8. (a) quadrant.
3 cosec 20° – sec 20°
-3 3
3 1 3 cos 20° - sin 20° Þ cos A = and sin B =
= - = 5 13
sin 20° cos 20° sin 20° cos 20°
\ sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cosA sin B
1
4 × ( 3 cos 20° - sin 20° )
= 2 4 æ -12 ö -3 æ 5 ö 48 15
= ´ç ÷ + ´ç ÷ = - -
2 sin 20° cos 20° 5 è 13 ø 5 è 13 ø 65 65
æ 3 1 öæ 4 ö -48 - 15 -63
= çç 2 cos 20° - 2 sin 20° ÷÷ ç 2 sin 20° cos 20° ÷ = =
è ø è ø 65 65
æ 4 ö 1 - sin A
= (sin 60° cos 20° – cos 60° sin 20°) ç ÷ 12. (a) Given equation is tan 2 B =
è sin 40° ø 1 + sin A
4 Þ Applying componendo and dividendo
= sin 40° =4
sin 40° 1 + tan 2 B 2
(Q sin(A – B) = sinA cosB – cos A sin B) =
2 2 sin A
1 - tan B
9. (a) As given, tan q + cot q = (tan q) i + (cot q) i
Also, 45° £ q < 90° and i ³ 2 1 - tan 2 B
which is possible only when q = 45° Þ sin A = Þ sin A = cos 2B
1 + tan 2 B
Since, tan 45° + cot 45° = 1 + 1 = 2
and (tan 45°)i + (cot 45°)i = 1 + 1 = 2 æp ö
Þ sin A = sin ç - 2B ÷
Thus, sin q + cos q = sin 45° + cos 45° è2 ø

1 1 1+1 2 p p
= + = = = 2 Þ A= - 2B Þ A + 2B =
2 2 2 2 2 2
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-201

13. (a) As given, cos 20° – sin 20° = p 18. (a) sin (A + B) sin (A – B)
Squaring both sides, we get 1
(cos 20° – sin 20°)2 = p2 = {2sin (A+ B).sin(A + B)}
2
Þ cos220° + sin220°– 2sin20° cos20° = p2
1
Þ 1– sin 40° = p2 Þ sin 40° = 1– p2 = {cos (A – B – A – B) – cos (A – B + A + B)}
2
14. (d) Since, p = tan a + tan b
[Since 2sin X sin Y = cos (X – Y) – cos (X + Y)]
and q = cot a + cot b
q = cot a + cot b 1
= {cos 2B – cos 2A}
2
1 1 tan a + tan b
Þ q= + = 1
tan a tan b tan a tan b Also, sin (B + C) sin (B – C) = {cos 2C – cos 2B}
2
p 1 tan a tan b and sin (C + A) . sin (C – A)
q= Þ q= p
tan a tan b 1
= {cos 2A – cos 2C}
1 1 1 tan a tan b 2
Hence, - = - \ sin (A + B) sin (A – B) + sin (B + C) sin (B – c)
p q p p
+ sin (C + A). sin (C – A)
1 - tan a tan b 1 - tan a tan b 1 1
= = = = {cos 2C – cos 2B + cos 2A – cos 2C
p tan a + tan b tan(a + b) 2
= cot (a + b) + cos 2B – cos 2A} = 0
15. (c) Given that number of degrees in A + Number of radians m 1
19. (b) As given, tan a = and tan b =
180° + p 180° p p m +1 2m + 1
in A = = + = 60° +
3 3 3 3 tan a + tan b
tan (a + b) =
Þ Angle A = 60° 1 - tan a tan b
16. (a) Since, sin 3q + cos3 q = 0
Þ (sin q + cos q) (sin2q – sinq cosq + cos2q) = 0 m 1
+
(Q a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)) m + 1 2m + 1 = m(2m + 1) + (m + 1)
=
Þ (sin q + cos q) (1 – sin q cos q) = 0 m 1 (m + 1)(2m + 1) - m
1- ´
m + 1 2m + 1
æ sin 2q ö
Þ (sin q + cos q) ç 1 - ÷=0
è 2 ø 2m 2 + 2m + 1
= =1
Þ sin q + cos q = 0 2m 2 + 2m + 1
or sin2q = 2 p
(discarded since sin 2 q = 2 is not possible) So, a + b =
4
Þ sin q + cos q = 0 Þ sin q = – cos q
20. (c) As given, x = r sin q cos f, y = r sin q sin f.
Þ tan q = – 1 Þ q = – p/4
and z = r cos q
17. (b) The expression Now, x2 + y2 + z2 = r2 sin2 q cos2 f + r2 sin2 f sin2 q
+ r2 cos2 q
ì 9p ü
cos ec( p + q) cot í - q ý cos ec 2 (2 p - q) = r sin q (sin f + cos f) + r2 cos2 q
2 2 2 2
î2 þ
= r2 sin2q + r2 cos2q
ìæ 3p ö ü = r2 (sin2 q + cos2 q)
cot(2 p - q) sec2 ( p - q) sec íç ÷ + q ý
îè 2 ø þ = r2
Thus, x2 + y2 + z2 is independent of q and f.
- cos ecq. tan q. cos ec 2 q 21. (b) Let A = cos q + cos 2q
= 2
- cot q sec q cosec q \ On differentiating w.r.t. to q, we get
dA
tan 2 q cos ec2q cos 2 q = - sin q - 2sin 2q
=
2
= tan q ´ dq
sec 2 q sin 2 q
dA
Put = 0 for maxima or minima.
1 dq
= tan2 q × =1
tan 2 q sin q + 2 sin2 q = 0 Þ sin q + 4 sin q cos q
Þ sin q(1+ 4 cos q) = 0
 EBD_7346
M-202 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Þ sin q = 0, or 4 cos q + 1 = 0 24. (a) The given expression is :
(sec q – cos q) (cosec q – sin q) (cot q + tan q)
1
Þ cos q = 1or cos q = – æ 1 öæ 1 öæ cos q sin q ö
4 =ç - cos q ÷ç - sin q ÷ç + ÷
è cos q øè sin q øè sin q cos q ø
d 2A
Now, = - cos q - 4cos 2q æ 1 - cos 2 q ö æ 1 - sin 2 q ö æ sin 2 q + cos2 q ö
dq2 = çç ÷ç ÷ç ÷
÷ç ÷ç ÷
= – cos q – 4(2 cos2 q – 1) è cos q ø è sin q ø è sin q cos q ø
For cos q = 1
sin 2 q cos 2 q 1 sin 2 q.cos 2 q
d 2A = . ´ = =1
= – cos q – 4(2cos2 q – 1) cos q sin q sin q.cos q cos2 q.sin 2 q
dq2
= – 1 – 4(2(1) – 1) = – 1 – 4 = – 5 < 0 p
So, A is maximum at cos q = 1 25. (b) As given, a + b = and b + g = a
2
æ d 2A ö 1 æ 1 ö Þ tan (b + g) = tan a
Þ ç 2÷ = - 4 ç 2. - 1÷ > 0
ç dq ÷ -1 4 è 16 ø tan b + tan g
è øcos q= Þ = tan a
4 1 - tan b tan g
[Since cos 2 q = 2 cos2 q – 1]
Þ tan b + tan g = tan a – tan a tan b tan g
-1 æ -1 ö Þ tan b + tan g = tan a – tan a cot a tan g
\ A is minimum at q = cos ç ÷ .
è 4ø æ p ö
Now minimum value of cos q + cos 2q çQ b + a = Þ b = p / 2 - a Þ tan(p / 2 - a) = cot a ÷
è 2 ø
or of cos q + 2 cos2 q – 1
Þ tan b + tan g = tan a – tan g
æ -1 ö æ 1 ö
= ç ÷ + 2 ç ÷ -1 Þ tan b + 2 tan g = tan a
è 4 ø è 16 ø
cos10° + sin 20°
-1 1 -2 + 1 - 8 -9 26. (c) The given expression is,
= + -1 = = cos 20° - sin 10°
4 8 8 8
cos(90° - 80°) + sin 20°
4 =
22. (c) As given, 3 tan q + 4 = 0 Þ tan q = – cso(90° - 70°) - sin10°
3
p 80 + 20 80 - 20
[q lies in second quadrant i.e., <q< p] 2sin .cos
2 sin 80° + sin 20° 2 2
= =
sin 70° - sin10° 2 cos 70 + 10 .sin 70 - 10
3 3 4
\ cot q = - Þ cos q = - and sin q = 2 2
4 5 5
Now, 2 cot q– 5 cos q + sin q 2 sin 50° cos 30° sin(90° - 40°) cot 30°
= =
6 15 4 -30 + 60 + 16 23 2 cos 40° sin 30° cos 40°
=- + + = =
4 5 5 20 10 cos 40° cot 30°
= = cot 30° = 3
13p ö pö cos 40°
23. (d) cosec æç æ
÷ = cos ec ç p + ÷
è 12 ø è 12 ø 27. (d) As given :
tana = 2 tanb
p
= - cos ec = - cos ec15° tan a sin a / cos a
12 Þ =2 Þ =2
tan b sin b / cos b
= - 1 + cot 2 15°
sin a cos b
2 éQ cot15° = 2 + 3 ù Þ =2
= - 1 + (2 + 3) ë û cos a sin b
Using componendo and dividendo we get
= - 1+ 4 + 3 + 4 3
sin a cos b + cos a sin b 2 + 1
= - 8 + 4 3 = - 6 + 2 + 2 12 = =3
sin a cos b - cos a sin b 2 - 1
= - ( 6)2 + ( 2)2 + 2( 6)( 2) sin(a + b)
Þ =3
sin(a - b)
= - ( 6 + 2)2 = - 6 - 2
sin(a + b) = 3 sin(a – b)
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-203

28. (c) Given expression is : (b) Q cosec6q – cot6q

cos 306° + cos 234° + cos 162° + cos18° = x (Let) (cosec2q – cot2q) [(cosec2q – cot2q)2+ (cosec q cot q)]
Þ x = cos (360° – 54°) + cos (180° + 54°) Which is not equal to cosec2q – cot2q.
+ cos (180° – 18°) + cos18° \ Option (b) is also not correct.
= cos 54° – cos 54° – cos 18° + cos 18° = 0 (c) sin4q + cos4q =( sin2q + cos2q)2– 2sin2q cos2q
29. (a) Let, ABCD be a square = 1 – 2sin 2q cos2q.
having length of side = x Which is not equal to sin2q – cos2q.
\ So, AD = AB = x Hence, option (c) is also not correct.
AP 1 D C (d) (cosec2q +cot4q)
As given : = = cosec2q + (cosec2q –1 )2
PB 2
= cosec2q + cosec4q +1–2 cosec2q
Þ
AP
=
1 = cosec4q +1– cosec2q
PB + AP 2 + 1 = cosec4q + cot2q
Thus option (d) is correct.
1 x q
Þ AP = x= 32. (a) As given :
1+ 2 3 A B
P sinA = sin B
AP and cos A = cosB
cos q = (Q PB + AP = AB)
PD sin A sin B
Þ =
2 cos A cos B
æxö Þ tanA = tan B or tan B = tan A = tan(np + A)
Now, PD2 = AP2 + AD2 = ç ÷ + x2
è3ø Þ B = np + A

x2 10x 2 p
33. (a) As given : a =
= + x2 = 8
9 9
p p p
10x cos a cos 2a cos 4a = cos .cos cos = 0
Þ PD = 8 4 2
3
p
x/3 1 (Q cos = 0)
cos q = = 2
10x / 3 10 34. (a) cot ( – 870° ) = – cot ( 2 × 360° +150°)
1 = – cot 150° = – cot (180° – 30°) = cot 30° = 3.
30. (b) Given, cos 3A = 35. (c) (A) : X = { q Î [0, 2p] : sin q = cos q }
2
Number of elements in X is 2. Since, sin q = cos q is
æpö æ 5p ö
Þ cos 3A = cos ç ÷ or ç ÷ possible at q = 45° and 225°
è3ø è 3 ø
Since, cos q is negative in IInd quadrant but sin q is
Since, O < A < 360°, positive, R is false.
p 5p 7 p 11p 13p 36. (b) From relation between minute 6 seconds measure :
A can take the values, , , , , and 60’’ = I’
9 9 9 9 9
1'
17 p Þ 30" =
. 2
9
' '
So, sin A can assume 6 values. æ 1 ö æ 71 ö
31. (d) (a) In such a problem, we have to check option, one- Þ 35'30" = ç 35 + ÷ = ç ÷
è 2ø è 2 ø
by-one
Also, 60’ = 1°
sin2q+ cos6q = sin6q + cos2q
Þ sin6q – cos6q = sin2q – cos2q æ 1 ö
\1' = ç ÷ °
Taking L.H.S, è 60 ø
sin6q – cos6q = (sin2q)3 – (cos2q)3 ' ° °
= (sin2q – cos2q) (sin4q + sin2q cos2q + cos4q) æ 71 ö æ 71 1 ö æ 71 ö
Þ ç ÷ =ç ´ ÷ =ç ÷
(Q a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)) è 2 ø è 2 60 ø è 120 ø
= (sin q – cos q) (sin4q + cos4q + sin2q cos2q)
2 2
° °
= (sin2q – cos2q) (sin2q + cos2q) – 2sin2qcos2q æ 71 ö æ 13751 ö
\ 114°35’30’ = ç114 + ÷ =ç ÷
+ sin2q cos2q è 120 ø è 120 ø
2 2 2
= sin q – cos q – sin q cos q2
We know that, 2p rad = 360°
Which is not equal to R.H.S., sin2q – cos2q
2p
Option (a) is not correct. Þ 1° = rad
360
 EBD_7346
M-204 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
° 40. (a) Given expression,
æ 13751 ö 2p 13751
Þç ÷ = 360° ´ 120 rad cos10° - sin10° 1 - tan10°
è 120 ø = =x (let)
cos10° + sin10° 1 + tan10°
2 ´ 22 ´ 13751
= rad = 2.0008069 rad tan 45 - tan10°
7 ´ 360 ´ 120 x= = tan (45 – 10) = tan 35°.
Þ 114° 35' 30" = 2 rad (approx.) 1 + tan 45.tan10°
41. (a) Given expression
4
æ 1° 2 1° ö 4 sin x + 3 sin2x – 2 sin3x + sin4x = 2 3
37. (a) Let x = ç sin 22 + cos 22 ÷
è 2 2ø A quick way is to take from choices take choice (a)
ìïæ
2 p
1 ö üï
2
1° first, Let x =
= íç sin 22 + cos 22 °÷ ý 6
è 2 2 ø ï
îï þ
p p p 2p
2
\ 4 sin + 3sin – 2 sin + sin
æ 1° 1° 1 1° ö ° 6 3 2 3
= ç sin 2 22 + cos2 22 + 2sin 22 cos 22 ÷
è 2 2 2 2ø æ1ö 3 3 3
= 4ç ÷ + –2+
è2ø 2 2
= (1 + sin 45°)2 (Q 2sin q cos q = sin 2q)
= 2 3 Equation is satisfied
2 2
æ 1 ö æ 2 +1 ö p
= ç1 + ÷ = çç ÷ So, x = is true
è 2ø è 2 ÷ø 6
42. (d) Fourth pair is not correct matched explained below
2 +1+ 2 2 3 + 2 2 tan 420° = tan (360 + 60) = tan 60°
= =
2 2 tan 60° ¹ tan (– 60°)
38. (d) The given expression
5p
æ 1° öæ 1° ö 43. (b) sin = sin 75°
12
ç 1 + cos 67 ÷ç 1 + cos112 ÷
è 2 øè 2ø = sin(45° + 30°)
Can also be writters as :
= sin45°cos30° + cos45° sin30°
æ 1° ö ì æ 1° ö ü
çè 1 + cos 67 ÷ø í1 + cos çè180° – 67 ÷ø ý 1 3 1 1 = 1 æ 3 +1 ö
2 î 2 þ = +. . ç ÷
2 2 2 2 2 çè 2 ÷ø
æ 1° öæ 1° ö
= ç1 + cos 67 ÷ç1 – cos 67 ÷ 3 +1
è 2 øè 2ø = ´
2 6+ 2
=
2 2 2 4
1° 1°
= 1 – cos 2 67° = sin 2 67 44. (a) We work out the given statements.
2 2
p 3 –1
1 – cos135° 2 +1 æ 1 - cos 2A ö 1. sin = sin15° =
çQ sin A =
2
= = ÷ 12 2 2
2 2 2 è 2 ø
Which is an irrational number and is less than 1. p 3 +1
2. cos = cos15° =
4 12 2 2
39. (c) As given : sin 2A =
5 p
3. cot = cot15° = 2 + 3
2tan A 12
sin 2A =
1 + tan 2 A So, correct sequence is 3 > 2 > 1.
45. (b) cos 2q = 2cos2 q – 1
2 tan A 4 Put q = 15°
Þ 2
=
1 + tan A 5 \ cos 30° = 2cos2 15° – 1
Þ 10 tan A = 4 + 4 tan 2A
Þ 5 tan A = 2 + 2 tan 2 A 3
Þ + 1 = 2cos 2 15°
Þ 2 tan2 A – 5 tan A + 2 = 0 2
Þ 2 tan2 A – 4 tan A – tan A + 2 = 0
3+2
Þ 2 tan A (tan A – 2) – 1(tan A – 2) = 0 Þ cos 2 15° =
Þ (2 tan A – 1) (tan A – 2) = 0 4

Þ tan A =
1 p
(since A £ Þ tan A ¹ 2)
Þ cos15° =
1
2
( 2+ 3 )
2 4
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-205

46. (b) Given, equation is 1 + sin A

tan q = k, k ¹ 0 Þ = p2
1 - sin A
Þ q = tan–1 k
Now, we know, (1 + sin A) + (1 - sin A) p 2 + 1
–p p Þ (1 + sin A) - (1 - sin A) = 2
<q< p -1
If tan–1x = q then – ¥ < x < ¥ and
2 2 (Using componendo and dividendo)
Thus, q will have 2 values between 0º and 360º.
or 2 p2 + 1
The equation tan q = k, – ¥ < k < ¥ for any real values Þ 2sin A = 2
p -1
of k there are two values of the form a and p + a, in the
interval 0 £ q < 2p, which satisfies the given equation. p2 -1
47. (c) Given sin x + sin y = a Þ sin A =
p2 + 1
and cos x + cos y = b
\ a2 + b2 = (sin x + sin y)2 + (cos x + cos y)2 51. (a) tan (–1575°) = – tan (4 × 360° + 135°)
= sin2 x + sin2 y + 2sin x sin y + cos2 x + cos2 y = – tan 135° = – tan (90° + 45°) = cot 45° = 1
+ 2cos x cos y 52. (c) Given, cosec2q = 3 3 cot q - 5
= (sin2 x + cos2 x) + (sin2y + cos2 y) + 2(cos x cos y
Þ 1+cot2q – 3 3 cot q + 5 = 0
+ sin x sin y)
= 1 + 1 + 2cos (x – y) [Since, cosec2 q = 1 + cot2q]
Þ 2 cos (x – y) = a2 + b2 – 2 Þ cot2q – 3 3 cot q + 6 = 0
1 2 Work with option, we find that
Þ cos (x – y) = (a + b2 – 2) p
2
This equation is satisfied by q = .
6
48. (c) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2cos 4 A
p
Thus, q =
= 2+ 2+ 2(1 + cos 4 A ) 6
53. (c) Work with option,
= 2 + 2 + 2cos 2 A = 2 + 2(1 + cos 2 A) 1 - tan 2 f
cos(2f) - 1 = -1
(Q 1 + cos 4A = 2cos2 2A) 1 + tan 2 f
= 2 + 2cos A = 2(1 + cos A)
(Q 1 + cos 2A = 2 cos2 A) 2 tan 2 f -(tan 2 q - 1)
= - =
1 + tan 2 f tan 2 q - 1
æ Aö æ 2 æ A öö 1+
= 2cos ç ÷ çQ1 + cos A = 2cos ç ÷ ÷ 2
è2ø è è 2 øø
49. (b) Given equation is 1 - tan 2 q
= ´ 2 = cos(2q)2
tan2 f + tan6 f = tan3f. sec2 f 1 + tan 2 q
Þ tan2 f (1 + tan4 f) = tan3 f. sec2f
Þ (1 + tan4 f) = tanf. sec2f cos(2f) - 1
Thus, cos 2q =
Now, sec2f = 1+ tan2f 2
\ (1 + tan4f) = tan f (1 + tan2f) 54. (d) 1 – sin10° sin 50° sin 70°
Þ 1 + tan4 f = tan f + tan3 f
1
It is not an identity = 1 - [2sin 70° sin 10° sin 50°]
50. (a) sec A + tan A = P 2
1 sin A 1
Þ + =p = 1 - [(cos 60° – cos 80°) sin 50°]
cos A cos A 2
1 + sin A [Q 2 sin A sin B = cos(A – B) – cos(A + B)]
Þ =p
cos A 1 é1 1 ù
2 = 1- ê 2 sin 50° - 2 2cos80º sin 50°ú
(1 + sin A) 2 ë û
Þ = p2
cos 2 A 1
2
= 1 - [sin 50° - sin130° + sin 30°]
(1 + sin A) 4
Þ = p2 (Q 2 cos A sin B = sin(A + B) – sin(A – B))
1 - sin 2 A
1 7
(1 + sin A) 2 = 1- = (Q sin 130° = sin(180° – 50° = sin 50°)
Þ = p2 8 8
(1 + sin A)(1 - sin A)
 EBD_7346
M-206 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

99 63. (b) Consider cos 10° + cos 110° + cos 130°

5
55. (a) Let sin q = and sin f = = cos 130° + cos 10° + cos 110°
13 101
æ 130 + 10 ö æ 130 - 10 ö
\ cos {p - ( q + f)} = 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷ + cos 110°
è 2 ø è 2 ø
= - cos(q + f)
æ 140 ö æ 120 ö
= -{cos q cos f - sin q sin f} = 2cos çè ÷ cos çè ÷ + cos 110°
2 ø 2 ø
ì 2 ü = 2 cos 60° cos 70° + cos 110 °
ï 25 æ 99 ö 5 99 ï
= - í 1- 1-ç ÷ - ´ ý
ïî 169 è 101 ø 13 101 ï æ 1ö
þ = cos 70° + cos 110° çèQ cos 60° = ÷ø
2
ì12 20 5 99 ü = cos (180° – 110°) + cos 110°
= -í ´ - ´ ý
î13 101 13 101þ = – cos110° + cos110° = 0 (Q cos(180° - q) = - cos q)
ì 240 495 ü 255 q
= -í - ý= 64. (a) We know length of arc of a circle = 2pr
î1313 1313 þ 1313 360
56. (d) 1000° = 2 × 360° +280° where ‘r’ is the radius and q is the central angle.
It is clear that the revolving live will be in fourth
So, r = 5, q = 15º
quadrant.
57. (c) 1 radian is approximately equal to 57° 15º 5p
\ Length = 2p´ 5 ´ = cm
1 360º 12
1
58. (d) Since cot( x + y) = = cot 60° [ cot 60° = ] 65. (b) Let P = sin q cos q
3 3
Multiply and divide by 2, we get
Þ x + y = 60° ...(i)
2sin q cos q sin 2q
and cot (x – y) = 3 = cot 30° P= =
2 2
Þ x – y = 30° ...(ii) The maximum value of sin 2q is 1.
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
x = 45° and y = 15° 1
\ Maximum value of P =
59. (a) Given, x = sin q cos q and y = sin q + cos q 2
\ y2 – 2x = (sin q + cos q)2 – 2sin q cos q 66. (a) Given sin x + cosec x = 2
= sin2q + cos2q + 2sinq cosq – 2sinq cosq = 1 Consider sin4 x + cosec4 x = (sin2 x + cosec2 x)2
60. (d) Consider sin 4 x – cos4 x = p – 2(sin2 x cos2 x)
Þ (sin2 x)2 – (cos2 x)2 = p = [(sin x + cosec x)2 – 2)]2 –2
Þ (sin2 x – cos2 x)(sin2 x + cos2 x) = p = (4 – 2)2 – 2 = 2
Þ sin2 x – cos2 x = p (Q sin2 x + cos2 x = 1)
sin15º cos15º
Þ – cos2 x = p (Q cos2 x – sin2 x = cos 2x) 67. (c) Consider tan 15º + cot 15º = +
Þ cos2 x = –p cos15º sin15º
\ |p|£1 sin 2 15º + cos 2 15º 2 ´1
= =
p p cos15º sin15º 2cos15º sin15º
61. (b) We know that, for <q<
4 2
(Q sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1)
cos q < sin q
62. (c) Given sin2 x + sin2 y = 1 2 æ 1ö
= = 4 çQ sin 30º = ÷
Þ sin2 x = 1 – sin2 y sin 30º è 2ø
Þ sin2 x = cos2 y
p
Þ sin x = cos y 68. (b) Given A + B + C =
Similarly By considering 2
sin2 y = 1 – sin2 x, we have Take tan on both sides,
cos x = sin y æ pö
Þ tan (A + B + C) = tan ç ÷
cos( x + y ) è 2ø
Now, Consider cot (x + y) =
sin( x + y ) tan A + tan B + tan C – tan A tan B tan C 1
Þ =
cos x cos y - sin x sin y 1 – tan A tan B – tan B tan C – tan C tan A 0
=
sin( x + y ) æ 1 ö
çQ = ¥ ÷
cos x cos y - cos x cos y è 0 ø
= =0 Þ tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A = 1
sin( x + y )
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-207

69. (b) Given, Now,

(sin x + cosec x)2 + (cos x + sec x)2 Statement-II :
= k + tan2 x + cot2 x Consider cosec q - cot q
Þ sin2 x + cosec2 x + 2 sin x cosec x + cos2 x + sec2 x = cosec120° - cot120°
+ 2 sec x cosx = k + tan2 x + cot2 x
Þ sin x + cosec x + 2 + cos2x + sec2x + 2
2 2 1
= - cot (90 + 30)
= k + tan2x + cot2x sin (90 + 30)
(Q sinx cosec x = 1 and sec x cos x = 1) 1
Þ 1 + cosec2 x – cot2 x + sec2 x – tan2 x + 4 = k = + tan 30°
cos30°
Þ 1 + 1 + 1+ 4 = k Þ k = 7
70. (b) Given, p = sin (989º) cos (991º) 2 1 3
= + =
Which can be written as 3 3 3
= sin (1080º – 91º) cos (1080º– 89º) which is positive.
= – sin 91º cos 89º Hence, both statements are incorrect.
= – sin (90º + 1º) cos 89º p
73. (a) Given cot q = 2 cos q, <q<p
= – cos 1º cos 89º 2
As cos 1º and cos 89º are positive. cos q cos q
therefore their product is also + ve Þ = 2cos q Þ = sin q
sin q 2cos q
Hence, p is finite and negative.
1 p p
2 Þ = sin q Þ sin = sin q Þ q =
1 – 3tan A 1 2 6 6
71. (b) Consider =
3tan A – tan 3 A tan 3 A p p 5p
But < q < p \q = p – =
3tan A – tan A 3 2 6 6
(Q tan 3 A = ) 5
1 – 3 tan 2 A 74. (d) Let cot q =
12
1
= 4p ö
41p æçQ A = ÷ Þ tan q =
12 perpendicular (p)
=
tan è 12 ø 5 base (b)
4
1 1 \ Hypotenuse (H) = p2 + b2
= = =1
æ pö p
tan ç10p + ÷ tan = (12)2 + (5)2 = 144 + 25 = 169 = 13
è 4 ø 4
Consider 2 sin q + 3 cos q
72. (d) Statement-I : Let q = 1200°
æ pö æbö
-1 1 = 2 ç ÷ + 3ç ÷ (H – Height)
Consider (sec q + tan q) = èHø èHø
sec q + tan q
But q lies in 3rd quadrant and sin q, cosq both are
sec q - tan q negative in 3rd quadrant
=
(sec q + tan q)(sec q - tan q)
æ – p ö æ –b ö
sec q - tan q \ 2 sin q + 3 cos q = 2 ç ÷ + 3ç ÷
= = sec q - tan q
è H ø èH ø
(sec 2 q - tan 2 q) æ –12 ö æ –5 ö
When 1200 ÷ 360 = 2ç ÷ + 3ç ÷
è 13 ø è 13 ø
we get remainder as 120°
Now, put q = 120° –24 –15 –39
= = =–3
13 13
Þ (sec q + tan q) -1 = sec120° - tan120°
which is an odd prime.
1 p p 5p 7p
= - tan (90° + 30°) 75. (d) Consider cos + cos + cos + cos
cos120° 9 3 9 9
1 p 1 5p 7p p 1
= - cot 30° = cos + + cos + cos (Q cos = )
cos (90 + 30) 9 2 9 9 3 2
1 1 p 5p 7p
= + 3 = + (cos + cos ) + cos
- sin 30° 2 9 9 9
= -2 + 3 which is negative 1 é 6p 4p ù 7p
= + 2cos cos ú + cos
2 êë 18 18 û 9
 EBD_7346
M-208 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

é æ A+ B ö æ A – B öù 1 1
êQ cos A + cos B = 2 cos ç 2 ÷ cos ç 2 ÷ ú 78. (b) Let tan A = and tan B =
ë è ø è øû 2 3

1 é p 2p ù 7p tan A + tan B
= + ê2cos cos ú + cos We know, tan ( A + B ) =
2 ë 3 9 û 9 1 - tan A tan B
1 é 1 2p ù 7p 1 1 5
= + ê 2. cos ú + cos +
2 ë 2 9 û 9
= 2 3 = 6 = 1 = tan p / 4
1 2p 7p 1 æ 9p ö æ 5p ö 1 1 5
1- .
= + cos + cos = + 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷
2 9 9 2 18
è ø è 18 ø 2 3 6
1 p 5p 1 æ p ö Þ A+ B = p/ 4
= + 2 cos cos = çQ cos = 0÷
2 2 18 2 è 2 ø
sin x 2 sin x / 2 cos x / 2
79. (c) Consider =
3 1 1 + cos x 1 + 2 cos 2 ( x / 2) - 1
76. (a) Consider 3 cosec 20º – sec 20º = sin 20º – cos 20º
(Q sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x and cos 2 x = 2 cos2 x – 1)
3 cos 20º – sin 20º 2 sin x / 2 cos x / 2 sin x / 2
= = = = tan x / 2
sin 20º cos 20º 2
2 cos x / 2 cos x / 2
Multiply and divide by 2 in Nr.
1 + tan 15° tan 45° + tan 15°
æ 3 1 ö 80. (d) Consider = (Q tan 45° = 1)
cos 20º – sin 20º ÷ 1 - tan 15° 1 - tan 45° tan 15°
ç
=2 2 2
çè ÷ø
sin 20º cos 20º æ tan A + tan B ö
= tan ( 45° + 15° ) çQ tan ( A + B ) = ÷
æ sin 60º cos 20º – cos 60º sin 20º ö è 1 - tan A tan B ø
= 2ç ÷ø
è sin 20º cos 20º = tan 60° = 3
3 1 81. (b) Consider 3 cosec 20° - sec 20°
(Q sin 60º = andcos 60º = )
2 2
2 ´ 2[sin(60º –20º )] 3 1 3 cos 20° - sin 20°
= = - =
2sin 20º cos 20º sin 20° cos 20° sin 20° cos 20°
(Q sin A cos B – cos A sin B = sin (A – B) and sin 2q = Multiply and divide by 4
2 sin q cosq)
4 æ 3 1 ö
4sin 40º = çç cos 20° - sin 20° ÷
= =4 2 sin 20° cos 20° è 2 2 ÷
sin 40º ø
77. (b) (A) tan 15º = tan (45º – 30º)
4 æ 3 1 ö
1 = çç cos 20° - sin 20° ÷
1– sin 40° è 2 2 ÷
3 = 3 –1 ´ 3 –1 3 + 1 – 2 3 ø
=
1+
1 3 +1 3 –1 = =2– 3 (Q sin 2q = 2 sin q cos q)
2
3
4
tan 45º + tan 30º = ( sin 60° cos 20° - cos 60° sin 20° )
(B) tan 75º = tan (45º + 30º) = sin 40°
1 – tan 45º tan 30º
4
1
1+ = sin ( 60° - 20° )
3 = 3 + 1 ´ 3 + 1 (By Rationaliziang) sin 40°
=
1 3 –1 3 +1 (Q sin (A– B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B )
1–
3 =4
= 2+ 3 °
(C) tan (105º) = tan (60º + 45º) æ 1ö
°sin ç 7 ÷
æ 1 ö è 2ø
3 + 1 1 + 3 ( 3 + 1) 2 82. (c) tan ç 7 ÷ = °
= ´ = è 2ø æ 1ö
1 – 3 1+ 3 1– 3 cos ç 7 ÷
è 2ø
4+ 2 3
= = –2 – 3 æ 1ö
–2 Multiply and divide by 2sin ç 7 ÷ ; we get
Hence, option (b) is correct. è 2ø
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-209

° This is the quadratic in cos x .

° æ 15 ö
æ 1ö 2 sin 2 ç ÷ Þ 4 cos 2 x - 6 cos x + 2 cos x - 3 = 0
2sin 2 ç 7 ÷ è 2ø
=
è 2ø
° ° æ 15 ö
°
æ 15 ö
° Þ ( 2 cos x - 3)( 2 cos x + 1) = 0
æ 1ö æ 1ö 2 sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷
2sin ç 7 ÷ cos ç 7 ÷ è 2ø è 2ø 3 1
è ø2 è ø2 Þ cos x = and cos x = -
2 2
°
æ 15 ö 3 1
1 - cos ç 2 ´ ÷ cos x = is not possible therefore cos x = -
è 2ø 2 2
= °
æ 15 ö 1
sin ç 2 ´ ÷ Þ cos A = - = cos 210°
è 2ø 2
Þ A = 210°
(Q cos 2q = 1 - 2 sin 2q and sin 2q = 2 sin q cos q) q
2 tan
æ 3 +1ö 1+ 2
1 - çç ÷
1 - cos 15° 2 2 ÷ø 2q
=
sin 15°
= è
3 -1
= 2 ( ) (
3 +1 - 2 + 3 ) 85. (d) Consider
1 + sin q
=
1 + tan
2
cos q 2q
2 2 1 – tan
2
= 6 + 2 -2- 3 = 6 - 3+ 2 -2 2q
1 + tan
cos 15° + cos 45° 2
83. (d) Consider
cos 3 15° + cos3 45° 2 tan q 1 - tan 2 q
(Q sin2q = and cos2q = )
cos 15° + cos 45° 1 + tan 2 q 1 + tan 2 q
=
( cos 15° + cos 45°) ( cos 2 45° + cos 2 15° - cos 45° cos 15° )
2
qö
(Q a 3
+ b 3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 + b 2 - ab ) ) æ
ç 1 + tan ÷
è 2ø
1 =
= æ qö q
ç1 - tan ÷ (1 + tan )
( cos 2
45° + cos 15° - cos 45° cos 15° )
2
è 2 ø 2
1 q q q
= 1 + tan cos + sin
1 cos 15° 2 = 2 2
+ ( cos 45° cos 30° + sin 45° sin 30° ) - =
2

2 2 q q q
1 - tan cos - sin
2 2 2
[Q cos 15° = cos (45° - 30°)] q
1 Multiplied and divide by 2sin
= 2
2
1 æ 3 1 ö 1 æ 3 +1 ö q q q
+ çç + ÷÷ - ç ÷ 2sin cos + 2sin 2
2 è2 2 2 2ø 2 çè 2 2 ÷ø = 2 2 2
q q 2q
1 2sin cos - 2sin
= 2 2 2
1 3 +1+ 2 3 3 +1
+ - sin q + 1 - cos q
2 8 4 =
sin q - 1 + cos q
1 8 4 (Q sin2q = 2 sinq cosq and
= = =
4+ 4+ 2 3 -2 3 -2 6 3 cos 2q = 1– 2 sin 2q)
8 1 99° ´ p 11p
86. (d) Let ÐA = radian, ÐB = 99° = =
84. (c) Given equation is 4 ( sin 2 x + cos x ) = 1 2 180° 20
We know that, ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = p
Þ 4 sin 2 x + 4 cos x = 1 (by angle sum property of triangle)
Þ 4 sin 2 x + 4 cos x - 1 = 0 1 11p
Þ + + ÐC = p
2 20
Þ 4 (1 - cos 2 x ) + 4 cos x - 1 = 0
11p 1 9p - 10
Þ 4 - 4 cos 2 x + 4 cos x - 1 = 0 Þ ÐC = p - - =
20 2 20
Þ - 4 cos 2 x + 4 cos x + 3 = 0 9p - 10
Hence, the third angle in radian is .
Þ 4 cos 2 x - 4 cos x - 3 = 0 20
 EBD_7346
M-210 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

æ sec18° cos ec18° ö 2sin(A + B) + sin 2A + sin 2B

87. (a) Consider ç + ÷ =
è sec144° cos ec144° ø 1 + 1 + 2 cos(A – B)

sec18° cos ec18° 2(cos A + cos B)(sin A + sin B)

= + =
sec(180° - 36°) cos ec (180° - 36°) sin A + cos 2 A + sin 2 B + cos2 B + 2 cos A cos B
2

+ 2sin A sin B
sec18° cos ec18°
= - + (Q sin, cosec are + ve
sec36° cos ec36° 2(cos A + cos B)(sin A + sin B)
=
in 2nd quadrant and sec is –ve in 2nd quadrant) (sin A + sin B)2 + (cos A + cos B)2
sin 36° cos 36° sin 36° cos18° - cos 36° sin18° 2mn
= - = = (from (i) and (ii))
sin18° cos18° sin18° cos18° m2 + n2
sin(36° - 18°) sin18° 2mn
= = = sec18° Hence, sin(A + B) =
sin18° cos18° sin18° cos18° m2 + n2
91. (c) Since, cos2q lies between0 and 1 therefore,
æ 1 ö
çQ = sec x ÷ p
è cos x ø sec2 q + cos 2 q ³ 2, " 0 < q <
2
p \ y³2
88. (c) Let a + b =
4
3 12
p 92. (d) tan A = and tan B = -
Þ tan (a + b) = tan 4 5
4
1 1+tanA tanB
tan a + tan b \ cot(A–B)= =
Þ =1 tan(A–B) tanA– tanB
1 - tan a tan b
93. (a) Consider sin 15° sin 75°
Þ tana + tanb = 1 – tana tanb = sin (45° – 30°) sin (45° + 30°)
By adding 1 on both sides, we get = (sin 45° cos30° – cos45° sin30°) (sin45° cos30°
1 + tana + tanb + tana tanb = 2 + cos45° sin30°)
Þ (1 + tana ) (1 + tanb ) = 2 (using sin (A + B)= sinA cosB
89. (d) Consider sin 50° – sin70° + sin10° + cosA sinB and sin (A– B) sinA cosB – cosA sinB)
70° + 50° 50° - 70° æ 1 3 1 1ö æ 1 3 1 1ö
= 2cos .sin + sin10° = çç . - . ÷÷ çç . + . ÷
2 2
è 2 2 2 2ø è 2 2 2 2 ÷ø
é æ A+Bö æ A - B öù
êQ SinA - SinB = 2 cos ç 2 ÷ Sin ç 2 ÷ ú æ 3 - 1 öæ 3 + 1 ö 3 - 1 2 1
= =
ë è ø è øû = çç ÷ç
÷ç ÷÷ =
è 2 2 øè 2 2 ø 8 8 4
= – 2cos 60° sin10° + sin10° = – sin10° + sin10° = 0
94. (b) Consider
æ 1ö
çQ cos 60° = ÷ sin q + cos q - tan q
è 2ø
sec q + cos ecq - cot q
90. (b) Let cosA + cosB = m ...(i)
and sinA + sinB = n ...(ii) 3p
Now, put value of q = , we get
4
( m 2 + n 2 ) sin(A+B)
Consider sin (A + B) =
m 2 + n2 3p 3p 3p
sin + cos - tan
4 4 4
[2 + 2cos(A–B)]sin(A+B) 3p 3p 3p
= sec + cos ec - cot
2 + 2cos(A–B) 4 4 4
(from i and ii)
p p p 1 1
2sin (A + B) + 2sin(A + B) cos(A - B) sin- cos + tan - +1
4 4 4 2 2
= = = =1
1 + 1 + 2cos(A - B) 1 1 1 - 2 + 2 +1
- + +
2sin(A + B) + sin(A + B + A - B) + sin(A + B - A + B)
p p p
cos sin tan
= 1 + 1 + 2 cos(A – B) 4 4 4
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-211

æ 1ö 585° tan A 2
95. (c) sin ç 292 ÷ ° = sin Now, consider =
è 2ø 2 tan B 1

1 - cos 585° æ a + xö
tan ç
= è 2 ø÷ 2
2 Þ =
æ a - xö 1
tan ç
æ 2 1 - cos 2q ö è 2 ø÷
çQ cos 2q = 1 - 2 sin q Þ sin q = ÷
è 2 ø
æ a + xö æ a - xö
sin ç cos ç
=
1 - cos(360° + 225°)
=
1 - cos 225° è 2 ÷ø è 2 ø÷ 2
2 2 Þ =
æ a + xö æ a - xö 1
cos ç sin
1 - cos(180° + 45°) è 2 ÷ø çè
2 ø
÷
=
2 Multiply and divide by 2,

1 æ a + xö æ a - xö
2sin ç cos ç
1 + cos 45°
1+
2 +1 1 è 2 ÷ø è 2 ø÷
= = 2 = = 2+ 2 Þ =2
2 2 2 2 2 æ a + xö æ a - xö
2cos ç sin
è 2 ÷ø çè
2 ø
÷
æ p ö
96. (b) We know that, 1° < 1 radian çèQ 1° = radian÷
ø sin a + sin x
180 Þ =2
Þ sin 1° < sin 1 sin a - sin x
Þ sin a + sin x = 2 sin a - 2sin x
A
2 tan Þ 3 sin x = sin a
97. (b) We know, sin A = 2 ... (1)
2 A sin a
1 + tan Þ sin x =
2 3
If sin A is known then equation (1) becomes 101. (d) Given expression is
tan9° – tan27° – tan63° + tan81°
æ Aö = tan9° – tan27° – tan (90° – 27°) + tan (90° – 9°)
quadratic equation in tan ç ÷ . This mean 2 values of
è 2ø = tan9° – tan27° – cot27° + cot9°
æ Aö = (tan 9° + cot 9°) – (tan 27° + cot 27°)
tan ç ÷ can be calculated.
è 2ø 1 1
= -
98. (a) Let x = sin q + cos q and y = sin q . cos q sin 9° cos 9° sin 27° cos 27°
Now, x4 – 4x2y – 2x2 + 4y2 + 4y + 1
2 2
= (sin q + cos q)4 – 4(sin q + cos q)2y – = -
2(sin q + cos q)2 + 4y2 + 4y + 1 sin 18° sin 54°
= (sin q + cos q + 2sin q cos q )2 –
2 2
2 2
4(sin2 q + cos2 q + 2sin q cos q )y = -
sin 18° sin ( 90° - 36° )
– 2(sin2 q + cos2 q + 2sin q cos q ) + 4y2 + 4y + 1
= (1 + 2y)2 – 4 (1 + 2y)y – 2(1 + 2y) + 4y2 + 4y + 1 2 2
= -
= 1 + 4y2 + 4y – 4y – 8y2 – 2 – 4y + 4y2 + 4y + 1 = 0 sin 18° cos 36°
99. (b) Given, (1 + tan q) (1 + tan f) = 2
Þ 1 + tan q + tan f + tan q tan f = 2 é 4 4 ù 2
= 2ê - ú =8´ = 4
Þ tan q + tan f = 1 – tan q tan f
ë 5 -1 5 + 1û 4
tan q + tan f (By putting value of sin 18° and cos 36°)
Þ =1
1 - tan q tan f
æ 2p ö æ 4p ö
Þ tan (q + f) = tan 45° 102. (b) Let x = y cos ç ÷ = z cos ç ÷
è 3 ø è 3 ø
Þ q + f = 45°
100. (c) Since, angle a is divided into two parts A and B. æ pö p -y
Þ x = y cos ç p - ÷ = - y cos = ...(1)
\ a =A+ B ... (1) è 3 ø 3 2
and x = A – B (given) ... (2)
On solving (1) and (2) we get, æ pö p -z
and x = z cos ç p + ÷ = - z cos = ...(2)
a+ x a-x è 3 ø 3 2
A= ,B=
2 2
 EBD_7346
M-212 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
from (1) and (2) = (tan 15°)2
- y -z
2
=
2
Þ y=z (
= 2- 3 )
2
(Q tan15° = 2 - 3 )
Thus, xy + yz + zx = zx + z2 + xz = 2xz + z2 = 4 +3 – 4 3 =7– 4 3
= –y. (y) + y2 = –y2 + y2 = 0
103. (b) Let sin A + sin B + sin C = 3 sin x 1 + cos x sin 2 x + 1 + cos 2 x + 2 cos x
109. (b) + =
Þ sin A = sin B = sin C = 1 (Q max value of sin is 1) 1 + cos x sin x (1 + cos x )( sin x )
\ cos A = 1 - sin 2 A = 1 - 1 = 0 2 + 2 cos x 2 (1 + cos x )
= (1 + cos x )( sin x ) = 1 + cos x sin x
Similarly, cos B = 0 = cos C ( )( )
Hence, cos A + cos B + cos C = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
104. (c) Let tan A – tan B = x and cot B – cot A = y. 2
= = 2cosec x
sin x
1 1
Þ - =y 110. (b) Let sin 3 A = 1
tan B tan A
Þ 3 sin A – 4 sin3 A = 1
tan A - tan B x Þ 4 sin3 A – 3 sin A + 1 = 0
Þ =y Þ =y Þ (sin A + 1) (4 sin 2 A – 4 sin A + 1) = 0
tan A tan B tan A tan B
Þ (sin A + 1) (2 sin A – 1)2 = 0
æ 1 ö 1
Consider cot (A – B) = çç ÷÷ Þ sin A = - 1 or
è tan ( A - B ) ø 2
Hence, sin A can take two distinct values.
x
1+ sin q cos q sin q cos q
1 + tan A tan B y y+x 1 1 111. (a) + = + = sin2q + cos2q = 1
= = = = + . cosecq sec q 1 1
tan A - tan B x xy x y
sin q cos q
1 1 112. (c) tanq + secq = 4
105. (c) Let tan A = , tan B =
2 3 sin q 1
Þ + =4
We know, cos q cos q
1 1 Þ 1 + sinq = 4 cosq
tan A + tan B + Squaring on both side,
tan (A + B) = = 2 3 = 5´6
1 - tan A tan B 1 1 6 5 (1 + sinq)2 = 16 cos2q = 16 (1 – sin 2q)
1- ´ (1 + sinq)2 = 16(1 – sinq) (1 + sinq)
2 3
1 + sinq = 16 – 16sinq
tan (A + B) = 1 17sinq = 16 – 1
p 15
Þ A + B = tan–1 (1) = sinq =
4 17
Multiply by 4 on both side, 113. (a) Let AB be the pole of 1m.
p BC = 1 km = 1000 m
4(A + B) = × 4 Þ 4A + 4B = p Let ‘q’ be the required angle. A
4
106. (c) Maximum value of °
æ 1 ö
Now, tan q = ç ÷
3 cos x + 4 sin x + 5 = ( 4) 2 2
+ ( 3) + 5 = 16 + 9 + 5 è 1000 ø 1m
Since ‘q’ is very small
= 25 + 5 = 5 + 5 = 10 ° q
æ 1 ö
\ tan q = q = ç ÷ C 1000 m B
107. (a) Let sinq = cos2q è 1000 ø
Þ sin2q = cos4q ...(1) Now, consider option (a)
Consider ° ° ° °
cos2q(1 + cos2q) = cos2q + cos4q æ 9 ö æ 9 ö æ 9 ö æ 1 ö
ç ÷ =ç ÷ =ç ÷ =ç ÷
= cos2q + sin2q (using 1) è 50p ø è 50 ´180 ø è 9000 ø è 1000 ø
=1 °
108. (a) Consider tan15° tan 195° æ 9 ö
Hence, required angle = ç ÷
= tan 15° tan (180 + 15°) è 50p ø
= tan 15° tan 15° (Q tan(180 + q) = tan q)
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-213

114. (a) Consider cos (A + B). sec (A – B) 120. (c) tanq is positive in third quadrant
cos ( A + B) cos A cos B - sin A sin B
= cos A - B =
( ) cos A cos B + sin A sin B
Divide Nr and Dr by sinA sinB, S A
cot A cot B - 1 2 - 1 1
= =
cot A cot B + 1 2 + 1 3
p æp pö tan p / 3 - tan p / 4 T C
115. (a) tan = tan ç - ÷ =
12 è 3 4 ø 1 + tan p / 3 tan p / 4
3 -1- 3 + 3
2 ( 3-2 ) = 2- 121. (c) sin(1920°) = sin(360 × 5 + 120°)
( 3)
= 2 2 =
(1) - -2
3 = sin 120° (Q sin (360° + q ) = sin q )
116. (b) Consider 4sin2q + 2sinq = 2sinq (2sinq + 1)
Put q = 18° in the above we get 3
= sin (90° + 30°) = cos 30° =
Required expression = 2sin18° (2 sin 18° + 1) 2
122. (b) sin (A + B) = 1
5 -1 Þ sin (A + B) = sin 90°
As we know, sin 18° =
4 Þ A + B = 90° ...(1)
æ 5 -1 ö é æ 5 -1 ö ù 1
= 2 çç 4 ÷÷ ê 2 çç 4 ÷÷ + 1ú Given sin (A – B) =
2
= sin 30°
è ø ëê è ø ûú
Þ A – B = 30° ...(2)
æ 5 - 1 öæ 5 - 1 ö On solving (1) and (2), we get
= çç 2 ÷ç + 1÷
÷ç 2 ÷ A = 60
è øè ø
B = 30
5 - 1 é 5 + 1ù 5 - 1 123. (c) tan(A + 2B). tan(2A + B)
= ê ú= =1 Put A = 60 and B = 30 in above expression
2 ë 2 û 4
We get tan(120°).tan(150°)
1 = tan(90° + 30°) tan(90° + 60°)
117. (c) Consider, cosecq – cotq =
3 1
= cot 30°. cot60° = 3. =1
1 cos q 1 1 - cos q 1 3
Þ - = Þ =
sin q sin q 3 sin q 3 3 1 1
124. (b) sin2A – sin2B = sin260° – sin230° = - =

Þ
(
1 - 1 - 2 sin 2 q
2 )= 1
Þ
2 sin 2 q
2 = 1 125. (b) Given expression
4 4 2

2 sin q cos q 3 2 sin cos q

q 3 = sin (360° + 60°).cos(360° + 30°) + cos (360° – 60°)
2 2 2 2 (–sin (360° – 30°)
sin q = sin 60°.cos30° + cos60°sin30° = sin(60° + 30°)
2 = 1 q = sin 90° = 1
Þ Þ tan = tan 30°
cos q 3 2
2 æ p ö
Þ q = 60° 126. (c) (1) 1° = ç ÷ radian = 0.01746 radian which is less
è 180 ø
1 than 0.02 radian.
\ cosq = cos60° =
2 °
118. (a) Consider sin3qcos2q + cos3qsin2q æ 180 ö
(2) 1 radian = ç ÷ = 57°16¢22¢¢ approx. which is
è p ø
éQ sin A cos B + cos A sin Bù
= sin(3q + 2q) ê ú greater than 45°.
ë = sin ( A + B ) û Hence, both statements are true.
= sin(5q) 127. (c) –1 < sin x < 1 Þ 1 < sin2x < 1
We know, –1 < sinq < 1 Hence, maximum value of sin2x = 1
Hence, maximum value of given expression is 1. 128. (a) We know in cyclic quadrilateral, ABCD
119. (d) Given expression A + C = 180°, B + D = 180°
sin A cos A \ A = 180° – C, B = 180° – D
= sin A cos A. + cos A sin A sin A + sin B – sin C – sin D
cos A sin A = sin (180° – C) + sin (180° – D) – sin C – sin D
= sin2A + cos2A = 1 = sin C + sin D – sin C – sin D = 0
 EBD_7346
M-214 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
129. (a) sin 15° = sin [45°–30°] 135. (b) Let q be the required angle
= sin 45°. cos 30° – cos 45° sin 30°
arc 1
\ q= = radians
1 3 1 1 radius 3
= ´ - ´
2 2 2 2 180°
Now, 1 radian =
3 1 3 -1 p
= - =
2 2 2 2 2 2 1 180° 1 60°
\ radian = ´ =
130. (c) 4 sin 2 q = 1 3 p 3 p
2 1 1 p 60°
Þ sin q = Þ sin q = ± Þ q = ± Hence, Required angle = q =
4 2 6 p
Hence q take 4 values. (one value for each quadrant)
2 2
5 -1 136. (a) Given, sinA = and cosB =
131. (d) We know that sin 18° = 5 10
4
Now, cos 36° = 1 – 2 sin 2 18°
10
( 5 - 1) = 1 - ( 3 -4 5 )
2 2 5
= 1- 2 3
16
A B
5 +1 1 1
cos 36° =
4 1 3
\ cos A = sin B =
( 5)
2 2
- (1) 4 1
5 10
Now, sin 18° cos 36° = = = \ sin(A + B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB
16 16 4
æ 2 öæ 1 ö æ 1 öæ 3 ö
13 =ç ÷ç ÷+ç ÷ç ÷
132. (c) We have sec a = è 15 øè 10 ø è 5 øè 10 ø
5
2 3 5 5 5 1
3p = + = = = =
Since < a < 2p 50 50 50 25 ´ 2 5 2 2
2
\ sin a < 0 1 1
sin(A + B) = Þ sin(90 + 45) =
2 2
1
Now, sin a = - 1 - (Q sin(90 + 45) = cos 45°)
sec 2 a \ A = 90° and B = 45°
\ A + B = 90° + 45° = 135°
25 144 12 137. (c) Let cosecq + cotq = c
= - 1- =- =-
169 169 13 1 cos q 1 + cos q
133. (b) tan (– 585°) = – tan 585° Þ + =c Þ =c
sin q sin q sin q
é pù q ö
= – tan [540° + 45°] = - tan ê3p + ú æ q
4û 1 + ç 2cos 2 - 1÷ 2 cos 2
ë è 2 ø 2 =c
Þ =c Þ
é p ù q q q q
2 sin cos
ê tan 3p + tan 4 ú é 0 +1 ù
2 sin cos
2 2 2 2
= -ê ú = -ê ú = -1
p
ê1 - tan 3p tan ú ë1 - 0 ´ 1û 1
ë 4û 1- 2
q c2 = c - 1
Þ cot = c Þ cos q =
2 1 c2 + 1
é pù 1+
134. (d) Since cos q > sin q, in ê 0, ú c 2
ë 4û
ép pù æ æqöö
ç 1 - tan 2 ç ÷ ÷
and cos q < sin q, in ê , ú è2ø÷
ë4 2û çQ cos q =
ç æqö
\ cos 46° – sin 46° = –ve ç 1 + tan 2 ç ÷ ÷÷
and cos 44° – sin 44° = +ve è è2øø
So, both the above statements are incorrect. q 1
Þ tan =
2 c
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-215

138. (c) Let sin q + 2 cos q = 1 .... (i)

( cot x + cosecx ) (1 + cot x - cosecx )
Consider 2 sin q – cos q = a (let) .... (ii) =
squaring and adding ( cot x - cosecx + 1)
sin2q + 4 cos2 q + 4 sin q cos q + 4 sin2 q + cos2 q – = cotx + cosec x
4 sin q cos q = 1 + a2. cos x 1 1 + cos x
Þ (sin2 q + cos2 q) + 4 (cos2 q + sin2 q) = 1 + a2. = + =
sin x sin x sin x
Þ 1 + 4 = 1 + a2 Þ a2 = 4 Þ a = 2.
139. (b) Let A + B = 90° x x x
1 - tan 2 cos 2 - sin 2
2 = 2 2
Consider sin A sec B - sin A cos B 145. (d) 2x 2 x x
1 + tan cos + sin 2
2 2 2
= sin A sec ( 90° - A ) - sin A cos ( 90° - A )
x x
= cos2 - sin 2 = cos x
= sin A cos ecA - sin A sin A = 1 - sin 2 A = cos A. 2 2
(Q cos 2 x = cos2 x – sin2 x)
140. (a) Consider tan4 A – sec4 A + tan2 A + sec2 A cot 54° tan 20° cot (90° - 36°) tan(90° - 70°)
= (tan2 A)2 – (sec2 A)2 + tan2 A + sec2 A. 146. (c) + = +
tan 36° cot 70° tan 36° cot 70°
= (tan2 A + sec2 A) (tan 2 A – sec2 A)
+ tan2 A + sec2 A tan 36° cot 70°
= + =1+ 1=2
= – (tan A + sec A) + tan A + sec2 A = 0.
2 2 2 tan 36° cot 70°
147. (a) sin2 20° + sin 2 70° = sin 2 20° + sin 2 (90° – 20° )
141. (b) Consider tan (105°) = tan (60 + 45°) = sin2 20° + cos2 20° = 1
148. (d) (1 – sin2 q) (1 + tan2 q) = cos2q . sec2 q
tan 60° + tan 45°
= 1
1 - tan 60° tan 45° = cos2 q . =1
cos 2 q
3 +1
=
1- 3
(Q tan 60° = )
3 and tan 45° = 1 3
1-
142. (d) x2 tan (A – B) 1 - cos 30° 2 = 2- 3
149. (a) tan 15° = = 3 2+ 3
æ ö 1 + cos 30° 1+
2 ç ( x + 1) - ( x - 1) ÷
æ tan A - tan B ö 2
x2 ç ÷ = x
=
è 1 + tan A tan B ø
ç
ç 1 + x2 -1 ÷
è
÷
ø ( ) 2- 3 2- 3 (2 - 3) 2
= ´ = = 2- 3
2+ 3 2- 3 1
2æ
2 ö
=x ç ÷=2
è x2 ø æ pö 1 æ 3p ö
143. (d) Consider (sin4q – cos4q + 1) cosec2q. 150. (b) 1. tan çè ÷ø = 2. tan çè ø÷ = –1
6 3 4
é
( ) - (cos2 q ) ù
2 2
= ê sin 2 q + 1ú cosec 2 q æ 5p ö æ 2p ö
ë û 3. tan çè ÷ø = 1 4. tan çè ÷ø = - 3
4 3

ë ( )(
= éê sin 2 q - cos 2 q sin 2 q + cos 2 q + 1ùú cosec 2 q
û ) - 3 < -1 <
1
<1
3
= é1 - cos2 q + sin 2 qù cosec 2q Hence, 4 < 2 < 1 < 3
ë û 151. (d) sin x. cot x. cosec x. tan x
( 2
= sin q + sin q cosec q 2
) 2 = (sin x. cosec x). (cot x. tan x)
=1× 1=1
152. (c) 3tan 2 x = 1
1
= 2sin 2 q ´ =2
sin 2 q 1
tan x = ±
( )
3
cot x + cosecx - cosec 2 x - cot 2 x
144. (c) æ pö
cot x - cosecx + 1 tan x = tan çè ± ø÷
6
cot x + cosecx - ëé( cosec x - cot x )( cosecx + cot x ) ûù p
= x = np ±
cot x - cosecx + 1 6
 EBD_7346
M-216 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

p p
154. (a) sin q Î [–1, 1]; Q Î R, the value of sin q lies between 5q = Þq=
–1 to 1. 2 10
cos q Î [–1, 1]; Q Î R, the value of sin q lies between – Statement : 2
1 to 1. One radian is the angle subtended at the centre of a
155. (a) Statement 1 : circle by an arc of the same circle whose length is equal
to radius of that circle.
æ 2 1º 2 1º ö
Given n ç sin 67 - sin 22 ÷ Hence, statement 1 is correct.
è 2 2ø 157. (d) Statement 1 : f1 (x) = sin |x| + cos |x|, the value of |sin x|
æ 2 135º 45º ö and |cos x| depends on its angles. sin |x| + cos |x| is not
or n ç sin - sin 2 ÷ always positive.
è 2 2 ø
Statement 2 : f2 (x) = sin (x2) + cos (x2), the value of x2
æ 135° 45° ö æ 135° 45° ö
æ 3p ö
= n çè sin + sin ÷ø çè sin - sin ÷
2 2 2 2 ø between any value which lies in the interval çè p, ÷ø ,
2
é æ 135° 45° ö æ 135° 45° ö ù then value of f2(x) = sin (x2) + cos (x2) is always
ê ç 2 + 2 ÷ ç 2 - 2 ÷ú negative.
ê è ø .cos è øú
= n 2 sin 1 + sin A 1 - sin A
ê 2 2 ú
ê ú 158. (c) -
ë û 1 - sin A 1 + sin A

é æ 135° + 45° ö æ 135° - 45° ö ù (1 + sin A)2 - (1 - sin A)2 4sin A

= =
ê çè ÷ø çè ÷ø ú (1 - sin A) (1 + sin A) cos2 A
2 2
ê 2.cos .sin ú
ê 2 2 ú 4sin A 1
êë úû = . = 4 sec A. tan A
cos A cos A
é æ 90° ö æ 45° ö ù cot 224° - cot134°
= n ê 2.sin çè 2 ÷ø .cos çè 2 ÷ø ú 159. (b)
ë û cot 226° + cot 316 °

é æ 90° ö æ 45° ö ù cot (180° + 44°) - cot (180° - 46°)

ê 2.cos çè 2 ÷ø .sin çè 2 ÷ø ú = cot (180 + 46°) + cot (270° + 46)º
ë û
æ 45° 45° ö cot 44° + cot46° tan 46° + tan 44°
= 2n çè 2sin .cos ÷ (sin 45° . cos 45°) = =
2 2 ø cot 46° - tan46° tan 44° - tan46°

æ 45° ö æ 1 1 ö sin(46° + 44°)

= 2n . sin çè 2 ´ ÷ ´ = = – cosec 2°
2 ø çè 2 ÷
2ø sin(44° - 46°)
160. (d) cos 20° + cos100° + cos140°
1 1 n = (cos 140° + cos 20°) + cos 100°
= 2n.sin 45 ´ = n. =
2 2 2
æ 160° ö æ 120° ö
n = 2cos çè ÷ø .cos çè ÷ + cos100°
> 1 for all positive integers n ³ 2. 2 2 ø
\
2
1
\ Statement 1 is true = 2.cos80°. + cos100°
Statement 2 2
nx > 1, " n ³ 2 æ 180° ö æ 20° ö
= 2cos çè ÷ .cos çè ÷
1 2 ø 2 ø
Þ n > , "n ³ 2
x = 2 cos 90° . cos10°
x Î (0, ¥), then we take x = 1 = 2 × 0 × cos 10° = 0
n > 1, but n is always greater or equal to 2 for all x 161. (b) sin 2 (3p) + cos2 (4p) + tan2 (5p)
positive real number. = sin 2 (3p) + cos2 (p + 3p) + tan2 (5p)
\ Statement 2 is false. = (sin 2 (3p) + cos2 (3p)) + tan2 (2 × 2p + p)
156. (a) Statement : 1 = 1 + tan2 p = sec2p = 1
sin 3q = cos 2q
162. (b) Consider, 1 + sin 2q
æp ö
sin 3q = sin çè - 2q÷ø = sin 2 q + cos 2 q + 2sin q cos q
2
p = (sin q + cos q) 2 = sin q + cos q
3q = – 2q
2
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-217

163. (d) cot A = 2 and cot B = 3 167. (a) sin A g sin (60° – A) sin (60° + A) = k sin 3A
cot A cot B - 1 6 - 1 5 sin 3A
cot (A + B) = = = =1 Þ sin A. = k.sin 3A
cot A + cot B 2 + 3 5 4 sin A
æ pö p é sin 3A ù
Þ cot (A + B) = cot çè ÷ø Þ A + B =
4 4 êQ sin(60° + A).sin(60° - A) = 4sin A ú
ë û
1° 1°
164. (b) sin2 66 - sin 2 23 sin 3A
2 2 Þ = k.sin 3A
4
2
é æ 1° ö ù 2 1° 1
= ê sin ç 90 ° - 23 ÷ ú - sin 23 \k=
ë è 2 øû 2
4
2 1° 1° 168. (a) Line y = 3 and graph y = tan x
= cos 23 - sin 2 23
2 2
Now, we have 3 = tan x
æ 1° ö Þ tan x = tan 60°
= cos 2 çè 23 ÷ø = cos 47°
2
(Q cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A) é æ p öù
Þ x = 60° êQ x Î ç 0, 2 ÷ú
ë è øû
é æ 47 ö ù
= cos ê 2 ´ ç ÷ ú = cos 47º Hence, one intersecting point is possible in the given
ë è 2 øû domain i.e., k = 1.
cos 7x - cos 3x 169. (b) tan 2q. tan q = 1
165. (b)
sin 7x - 2 sin 5x + sin 3x 2 tan q
Þ .tan q = 1
7x + 3x 7x - 3x 1 - tan 2 q
-2sin .sin
2 2 Þ 2 tan2 q = 1 – tan2 q Þ 3 tan2q = 1
= 7x + 3x 7x - 3x
2sin .cos - 2 sin5x 1 æ 1 ö
2
2 2 Þ tan2 q = =ç ÷
3 è 3ø
æ æC+Dö æC-Dö ö
çQ sin C + sin D = 2 sin ç ÷ .cos ç ÷ ÷ æ pö é pù
ç è 2 ø è 2 ø ÷ Þ tan2 q = tan2 (30°) = tan 2 çè ÷ø êQ q = np ± ú
ç 6 ë 6û
æ C + D ö æ C - D ö÷
ç and cos C - cos D = -2 sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷÷
è è 2 ø è 2 øø p
\ q=
6
-2sin 5x.sin 2x
= Sol. (Qs. 170–172)
2sin 5x cos 2x - 2sin 5x 16 sin5 x = 16 (sin2 x)2. sin x
-2sin 5x.sin 2x 2
= - æ 1 - cos2x ö
2sin 5x[1 - cos 2x] = 16 ç ÷ .sin x
è 2 ø
sin 2x = 4 (1 + cos2 2x – 2 cos 2x). sin x
= (Q cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin2 x)
1 - 1 + 2sin 2 x
æ 1 + cos 4x ö
= 4 ç1 + - 2 cos 2x ÷ .sin x
2sin x cos x è 2 ø
= = cot x
2sin 2 x
4
sin(x + y) a + b = (3 + cos 4x - 4 cos 2x).sin x
2
166. (b) =
sin(x - y) a - b = (6 + 2 cos 4x – 8 cos 2x) sin x
Applying componendo and dividendo, we get = 6 sin x + 2 sin x cos 4x – 8 cos 2x. sin x
= 6 sin x + sin 5x – sin 3x – 4 (sin 3x – sin x)
sin(x + y) + sin(x - y) (a + b) + (a - b)
= [Q 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A – B)]
sin(x + y) - sin(x - y) (a + b) - (a - b) = 6 sin x + sin 5x – sin 3x – 4 sin 3x + 4 sin x
2sin x.cos y 2a a = sin 5x – 5 sin 3x + 10 sin x.
Þ = Þ tan x . cot y = 170. (a) Clearly, p = 1, hence option (a) is correct.
2 cos x.sin y 2b b
171. (d) Clearly, q = –5, hence option (d) is correct.
tan x a 172. (c) Clearly, r = 10, hence option (c) is correct.
\ =
tan y b
 EBD_7346
M-218 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
173. (c) From going by the options,
16
option (a), q = 30°, as we know that Now, sin a = 1 – cos 2 a = 1 –
180° = p radian 25
30 p 3
\ 30° = radian \ sin a =
180 5
Now according to question, sin a 3 –5 –3
\ tan a = = ´ =
30° ´ 180° 180 cos a 5 4 4
=
30° p p \ Option (a) is correct.
Now number of degree in q is multiplied by number of
175. (b) sin 2a = 2 sin a . cos a
radians in q.
æ 3ö æ – 4ö
30 p 900 p 10 p 125p = 2ç ÷ ç ÷
\ 30° × = = = 5p ¹ è5øè 5 ø
180 180 2 9
From option (b), 6 – 4 –24
q = 45° = ´ =
5 5 25
45°p \ Option (b) is correct.
\ 45° = radian 176. (b) (1 – sin A + cos A)2
180
Now according to question, = 1 + sin2 A + cos2 A – 2 sin A
– 2 sin A . cos A + 2 cos A
45° ´ 180 180 = 2 – 2 sin A – 2 sin A cos A + 2 cos A
=
45° p p = 2(1 – sin A) + 2 cos A(1 – sin A)
Now number of degree in q is multiplied by number of = 2(1 + cos A) (1 – sin A)
radian in q. \ Option (b) is correct.

45° p 45p 125p cos q sin q

= ¹ 177. (b) +
\ 45° × 1 – tan q 1 – cot q
180° 4 9
From option (c), cos q sin q
q = 50° = +
sin q cos q
As we know that 180° = p radian 1– 1–
cos q sin q
50 p
\ 50° = radian
180 cos 2 q sin 2 q
= +
Now according to question cos q – sin q sin q – cos q
50° ´ 180° 180
= cos 2 q sin 2 q
50° p p = –
cos q – sin q cos q – sin q
Now number of degree in ‘q’ is multiplied by number of
radian in q. cos 2 q – sin 2 q ( cos q – sin q ) ( cos q + sin q )
= =
50 p 2500 p 125 p cos q – sin q cos q – sin q
\ 50° × = =
180 180 9 = cos q + sin q
\ Option (c) is correct. \ Option (b) is correct.
Sol. (174-175): 178. (d) sin 25° + sin 210° + sin215° + .......... + ......... + sin275° +
174. (a) Here a is the root of equation sin280° + sin285° + sin290°
25 cos2 q + 5 cos q – 12 = 0 Þ sin25° + sin210° + sin215° + ....... sin2(90 – 15°) +
Þ 25 cos2 a + 5 cos a – 12 = 0 sin2(90 – 10) + sin2(90 – 5) + 1
Þ 25 cos2 a + 20 cos a – 15 cos a – 12 = 0 Þ sin25 + sin210 + sin215° + ........ + cos215° +
Þ 5 cos a (5 cos a + 4) – 3(5 cos a + 4) = 0 cos210° + cos25° + 1
(5 cos a – 3) (5 cos a + 4) = 0 Þ (1 + 1 + 1 + .... 8 times) + sin 245° + 1
3 –4 1 19
cos a = or cos a = Þ 8 + +1 =
5 5 2 2
p sin3 A + sin 3A cos3 A - cos3A
Here, <a<p 179. (d) +
2 sin A cos A
–4
\ cos a = sin3 A + 3sin A - 4sin 3 A
5 Þ
(Q In 2nd quadrant, cos a value is negative) sin A
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-219

cos3 A - é 4cos3 A - 3cos A ù æ 11p ö

ë û 183. (b) p = tan ç - ÷
+ è 6 ø
cos A
æ pö
Þ
3
(
3sin A - 3sin 3 A -3cos A + 3cos A
+
) p = - tan ç 2p - ÷
è 6ø
sin A cos A p 1
= 3 – 3 sin2A – 3cos2A + 3 p = tan =
6 3
= 6 – 3 (cos2A + sin2A) = 6 – 3(1) = 3
180. (b) sinx + siny = a æ 21p ö æ 3p ö
q = tan ç ÷ = tan ç 6p - ÷
æx+yö æx-yö è 4 ø è 4 ø
Þ 2sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷ =a ...(1)
è 2 ø è 2 ø 3p p
cosx + cosy = b q = - tan = + tan = 1
4 4
æx+yö æx-yö æ 283p ö æ 7p ö æ pö
Þ 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷=b ...(2) r = cot ç ÷ = cot ç 46p + ÷ = cot ç p + ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 6 ø è 6 ø è 6ø
dividing eq (1) & (2)
p
æx+yö a r = cot = 3
tan ç ÷= 6
è 2 ø b
Squaring eq (1) & (2) and adding - 1
p´ r = ´ 3 =1
æx-yö 2 3
4cos 2 ç ÷ =a + b
2
\ Statement (1) is incorrect.
è 2 ø
p q 1
2æx-yö 4 also q = r =
sec ç ÷= 3
è 2 ø a 2 + b2
So p, q, r are in G.P.
æx+yö 2æx-yö \ Statement (2) is correct.
again, tan 2 ç ÷ + tan ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø 184. (d) x2 + bx + c = 0 b¹0
2 Q tan a and tan b are roots of equation.
æaö 2æx-yö
= ç ÷ + sec ç ÷ -1 -b
èbø è 2 ø \ tan a + tan b = =–b ...(1)
1
a2 4 a 4 - b 4 + 4b 2 c
= 2+ 2 - 1 = \ tan a tan b = =c
b a + b2 a 2 b2 + b 4 1
æ Cö æ Aö tan a + tan b -b
181. (b) 2a sin 2 ç ÷ + 2c sin 2 ç ÷ = 2a + 2c - 3b tan(a + b) = =
è 2ø è 2ø 1 - tan a tan b 1 - c
= b(c – 1)–1
( s - a )( s - b ) ( s - b )( s - c )
Þ 2a ´ + 2c ´ = 2a + 2c - 3b 185. (b) sin( a + b) sec a sec b
ab bc
2 sin a cos b + cos a sin b
Þ ( s - b ) [s - a + s - c ] = 2a + 2c - 3b =
cos a cos b
b
2 = tan a + tan b
Þ (s - b) b = 2a + 2c - 3b [Q 2s – a – c = b] = –b
b
Þ a + c = 2b 186. (c) Given A = (cos 12° – cos 36°) (sin 96° + sin 24°)
So a, b, c are in A.P. B = (sin 60° – sin 12°) (cos 48° – cos 72°)
182. (b) As we have already proven A [2 sin 24° sin12°][2sin 60° cos 36°]
2b = a + c =
B [2 cos 36° sin 24°][2sin 60° sin12°]
as-
a = RsinA A
Þ =1
b = RsinB B
c = RsinC 187. (c) Let A = 30°
Þ 2(RsinB) = RsinA + RsinC Þ sin A + 2 sin 2A + sin 3A = sin 30° + 2sin 60° + sin 90°
Þ 2R(sinB) = R(sinA + sinC) 1 2 3 2 3+3
= + +1=
2sinB = sinA + sinC 2 2 2
 EBD_7346
M-220 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
(Q 2cos2A= 1 + cos 2A) é pù é 3p ù é pù é 3p ù
æ Aö \= ê1 + cos ú ê1 + cos ú ê1 - cos ú ê1 - cos ú
Now, 4 sin 2A cos2 ç ÷ = 2 sin 2A [1 + cosA] ë 8ûë 8 ûë 8ûë 8û
è 2ø
é pùé 3p ù p 3p
= ê1 - cos 2 ú ê1 - cos 2 ú = sin 2 × sin 2
2 3+3 ë 8 ûë 8 û 8 8
= 2 sin 60° [1 + cos 30°] =
2 1é p 3p ù
Also, sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A & sin 2A + cos2A =1 = 2sin 2 × 2sin 2 ú
4 êë 8 8û
2
é A Aù
2 sin 2A êsin + cos ú 1 éæ pö æ 3p ö ù
ë 2 2û = ç 1 - cos ÷ø çè1 - cos ÷ø ú
4 êëè 4 4 û
é A A A Aù
= 2sin 2A êsin 2 + cos 2 + 2sin cos ú æ 2 qö
ë 2 2 2 2û çQ1 - cos q = 2sin ÷
è 2ø
= 2sin 2A [1 + sin A] = 2sin 60°[1+ sin30°]
1 éæ 1 öæ 1 öù 1
3 3 = ê ç 1- ÷ ç 1+ ÷ú =
= 4 ëè 2ø è 2øû 8
2
191. (a) Here, z = x cos q + y sin q
æ Aö
& 8 sin A cos A cos2 çè ÷ø z 2 = x2 cos2 q + y 2 sin 2 q + 2 xy sin q cos q
2
= 4 sin A cos A [1 + cos A] Þ 2 xy sin q cos q = z 2 - x 2 cos2 q - y 2 sin 2 q
= 4 sin 30° cos 30° [1+ cos 30°]
Let, L = ( x sin q - y cos q) 2
2 3+3
= Þ L = x2 sin 2 q + y 2 cos2 q - 2 xy sin q cos q
2
188. (a) x = sin 70°.sin 50° and y = cos 60° . cos 80° Þ L = x2 sin 2 q + y 2 cos 2 q - [ z 2 - x 2 cos2 q - y 2 sin 2 q]
Þ xy = cos 60° . sin 70° . sin 50° . cos 80°
1 Þ L = x 2 [sin 2 q + cos2 q] + y 2 [sin 2 q + cos2 q] - z 2
xy = × sin(90 - 20) × sin(90 - 40) × cos80
2 Þ L = x2 + y 2 - z 2
1 192. (a)
Þ xy = × cos 20 × cos 40 × cos80
2
(Q sin(90 - x ) = cos x)
1 4
Þ xy = × cos 20° × cos(60 - 20)° × cos(60 + 20)° 5 -1
2
1 é1 ù 1 1 1 18°
` Þ xy = ê cos 3(20°)ú = ´ ´ cos 60° = .
2 ë4 û 2 4 16 x
é 1 ù 5 -1
êQ cos q× cos(60 - q) × cos(60 + q) = 4 cos 3qú Q sin18° =
ë û 4
189. (a) sin q1 + sin q2 + sin q3 + sin q4 = 4 ...(1)
( )
2
Since max. value of sinq = 1 x 2 = 42 - 5 -1
We have four terms in LHS of eq. (1).
Þ Every term should be = 1 Þ x = 10 + 2 5
Þ sin q1 = sin q2 = sin q3 = sin q4 = 1
10 + 2 5
Þ q1 = q2 = q3 = q4 = 90° Þ cos 18° =
4
Now,
cos q1 + cos q2 + cos q3 + cos q4 = (cos90°) ´ 4 = 0 . 10 + 2 5
Þ 2 cos 2 9 - 1 =
4
é pùé 3p ù é 5p ù é cos7 p ù
190. (d) êë1 + cos 8 úûëê1 + cos 8 úû êë1 + cos 8 úû êë1 + 8 úû 10 + 2 5 + 4
cos 2 9 =
We have, 8
7p é pù p 4 + 10 + 2 5
cos = cos ê p - ú = - cos Þ sin 2 81 =
8 ë 8û 8 8
5p é 3p ù 3p After squaring all the options available, we come to a
and cos = cos ê p - ú = - cos conclusion that option (a) is correct.
8 ë 8û 8
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-221

1 - tan 2° cot 62° 1 - tan 2° cot(90 - 28)° é 2 ù

193. (b) L= = 1 p 2p
= .sin ê cos
12 p ú
tan152° - cot 88° tan(180 - 28)° - cot(90 - 2)° - cos
2 18 ê 18 18 ú
ëê 3 ûú
1 - tan 2° tan 28° é1 - tan 2° tan 28° ù
ÞL= = -ê ú
- tan 28° - tan 2° ë tan 2° + tan 28° û 1 1é p 2p p 2p ù
= . ê 2sin cos - 2sin cos ú
2 2ë 18 18 18 3û
1 1
Þ L=- =- =- 3
tan(2 + 28)° tan 30° 1 é æ 3p ö æ -p ö p æ p öù
= sin ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ - 2 sin cos ç p - ÷ ú
4 êë è 18 ø è 18 ø 18 è 3 øû
é tan A + tan B ù
êQ tan( A + B ) = 1 - tan A tan B ú 1é p p p pù
ë û = sin - sin + 2sin .cos ú
4 êë 6 18 18 3û

3 1é p p p 1ù
194. (d) Sin A = ; 450° < A < 540° = êsin - sin + 2 sin . ú
5 4ë 6 18 18 2 û
A 1 p 1 1 1
Þ 225° < < 270° = sin = ´ =
2 4 6 4 2 8
-4
cos A = (Q A lies in Q2 ) æ a+bö
2 sin ç
æ a -b ö
5 ÷ cos ç ÷
sin a + sin b è 2 ø è 2 ø
197. (a) =
450° cos a + cos b æ a+bö æ a -b ö
2 cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø
A
æ a+bö
540° q or 360° = tan ç ÷
A/2 è 2 ø
198. (b) Given, sin q = 3 sin (q + 2a)
sin (q + 2a )
1
Þ =
2 A 1 + cos A 1 sin q 3
\ cos = = Apply componendo and divide do rule
2 2 10
sin ( q + 2a ) + sin q 1 + 3
A -1 æ A ö Þ sin q + 2a - sin q = 1 - 3
Þ cos
2
= çQ lies in Q3ø÷
10 è 2
( )
2sin (q + a) cos a 4
1 3 cos10° - 3 sin10° Þ = =–2
195. (d) - = 2cos (q + a)sin a -2
sin10° cos10° sin10° cos10°
tan ( q + a )
é1 3 ù Þ = -2
2 ´ 2 ê cos10° - sin10° ú tan a
= ë2 2 û Þ tan (q + a) = – 2tan a Þ tan (q + a) + 2tan a = 0
2 sin10° cos10°
5 -1
4 ( cos 60° cos10° - sin 60° sin10°) sin18° 4 5 -1
= 199. (a) tan 18° = = =
sin 20° cos18° 10 + 2 5 10 + 2 5
4
4.cos ( 60° + 10°) cos 70° sin 20°
= = 4. = 4. =4 200. (a) tan (a + b) = 2
sin 20° sin 20° sin 20° tan (a – b) = 1
æ p ö æ 5p ö æ 7p ö tan 2a = tan [(a + b) + (a – b)]
196. (c) K = sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷
è 18 ø è 18 ø è 18 ø tan ( a + b ) +tan ( a - b )
=
We know, 2 sin A sin B = cos (A – B) – cos (A + B) 1 - tan ( a + b ) .tan ( a - b )
1 pé 5p 7p ù 2 +1 3
K = .sin ê 2sin sin ú = = = -3
2 18 ë 18 18 û 1 - 2.1 -1
 EBD_7346
M-222 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

4 1 1 4 2 ( cos 30° cos 20° - sin 30° sin 20° )

201. (b) sec q - cos ecq = Þ - = =
3 cos q sin q 3 æ 2sin 20° cos 20° ö
ç ÷
sin q - cos q 4 è 2 ø
Þ = ...(i)
sin q cos q 3 4 é cos (30° + 20° )ùû
= ë
sin 40°
( sin q - cos q)2 16
Þ = 4 cos 50° 4 cos (90° - 40° ) 4 sin 40°
( sin q cos q )2 9 =
sin 40°
=
sin 40°
=
sin 40°
= 4.
204. (d) A – B = x and tan A : tan B = p : q
sin 2 q + cos 2 q - 2sin q cos q 16 Also, given a = A + B
Þ =
2
sin q cos q 2 9 A – B = x and a = A + B
x+a a–x
1 - 2sin q cos q 16 ÞA= and B =
Þ 2 2
= 2 2
sin q cos q 9
æ x + aö
tan ç
1 - 2x 16 tan A è 2 ÷ø p
Let sinqcosq = x Þ = = =
x2 9 Now, tan B æ a - xö q (Given)
tan ç
è 2 ÷ø
2
Þ 16x + 18x – 9 = 0
Þ (8x – 3) (2x + 3) = 0
æa+xö æa-xö
3 -3 2 sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷
Þ x= ,x= è 2 ø è 2 ø=p
8 2 Þ
æa+xö æa-xö q
3 2 cos ç ÷ sin ç ÷
\ sin q cos q = è 2 ø è 2 ø
8
sin a + sin x p
4 3 4 1 Þ =
from (i), sin q - cos q = ´ = = sin a - sin x q
3 8 8 2
sin a + sin x + sin a - sin x p + q
202. (d) tan 9° – tan 27° – tan 63° + tan 81° Þ =
= tan 9° – tan 27° – tan (90° – 27°) + tan (90° – 9°) sin a + sin x - sin a + sin x p - q
= tan 9° – tan 27° – cot 27° + cot 9° 2sin a p + q
= tan 9° + cot 9° – (tan 27° + cot 27°) Þ =
We know, 2sin x p - q
1 2 2 sin a p + q (sin a )( p - q )
tan q + cot q = = = Þ = Þ sin x =
sin q cos q 2sin q cos q sin 2q sin x p - q p+q
\ tan 9° + cot 9° - ( tan 27° + cot 27° ) æ A Aö
1 + sin A = - ç sin + cos ÷
205. (c) è 2 2ø
2 2 æ sin 54° - sin18° ö
= - = 2ç 2
sin18° sin54° è sin18° sin 54° ÷ø æ A Aö
We know, 1 + sin A = ç cos + sin ÷
è 2 2 ø
We also know, sin C – sin D
A A
= 2cos
( C + D ) sin æ C - D ö . \ 1 + sin A = cos + sin
ç ÷ 2 2
2 è 2 ø
ì x if x ³ 0
æ sin 54° - sin18° ö cos 36° sin18° We know, x = í - x if x < 0
\2ç = 2×2× î
è sin18° sin 54° ÷ø sin18° sin 54°
sin 54° × sin18° ì A A p A 3p
= 2×2× =4 ïsin + cos , if 2np - £ £ 2np +
sin18° × sin 54° A A ï
sin + cos = í
2 2 4 2 4
2 2 ï æ A A ö
- sin + cos ÷ , if otherwise
203. (a) 3cosec 20° - sec 20° =
3
-
1 ïî çè 2 2ø
sin 20 ° cos 20°
æ A Aö
\ 1 + sin A = - ç sin + cos ÷ when
3 cos 20° - sin 20° è 2 2ø
=
sin 20° cos 20° 3p A 7p
< <
æ 3 1 ö 4 2 4
2 çç cos 20 ° - sin 20 ° ÷÷ 3p 7p
2 2 Þ <A< .
= è ø
2 2
sin 20 ° cos 20 °
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-223

1 1 p p æ x + y + x - yö æ x + y - x + yö
206. (c) sin x = , sin y = ,0 < x < ,0 < y < 2 sin ç ÷ø cos çè ÷ø 2a
5 10 2 2 è 2 2
Þ =
æ x + y + x - yö æ x + y - x + y ö 2b
cos x = 1 - sin 2 x cos y = 1 - sin 2 y 2 cos ç
è ÷ø sin çè ÷ø
2 2
1 1
= 1- = 1- sin x.cos y a
5 10 Þ =
cos x.sin y b
4 2 9 3 tan x a
= = = = . Þ = .
5 5 10 10 tan y b
sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y 210. (b) sin a + sin b = 0 = cos a + cos b
1 3 2 1 sin a + sin b = 0
= . + . Þ sin a = –sin b
5 10 5 10 Þ sin a = sin (p + b)
Þ a = p+ b
5 5× 5 5 1 1
= = = = = . A
5 × 10 5 × 10 10 2 2 211. (c) Given, cos has only one value.
2
æ 1 ö p
\ x + y = sin -1 ç = A
è 2 ÷ø 4 .
2
We know, cos A = 2cos -1
2
sin 5x - sin 3x A A cos A + 1
207. (c)
cos 5x + cos3x Þ 2cos2 = cos A + 1 Þ cos =
2 2 2
æ c + dö æ c - dö A cos A + 1
sin c - sin d = 2cos ç sin ç =0
è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø Since, cos
2
is single value,
2
Þ cos A = –1
æ c+dö æc-dö So, A is an odd multiple of 180°.
cos c - cos d = 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø 212. (b) cos a + cos b + cos g = 0 ....(1)
p p p
æ 5x + 3x ö æ 5x - 3x ö Given, 0 < a £ ,0 < b £ ,0 < g £ .
2 cos ç ÷ sin ç
sin 5x - sin 3x è 2 ø è 2 ÷ø 2 2 2
\ =
cos 5x + cos 3x æ 5x + 3x ö æ 5x - 3x ö p p p
2 cos ç cos ç (1) is satisfied when a = , b = and g = .
è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø 2 2 2
p p p
\ sin a + sin b + sin g = sin + sin + sin .
æ 2x ö 2 2 2
sin ç ÷
è 2 ø sin x = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3.
= = = tan x.
æ 2x ö cos x 213. (d) Period of the function, sin x is 2p.
cos ç ÷
è 2ø 2 tan q 2 tan q
214. (c) 2 =
208. (c) sin 105° + cos 105° 1 + tan q sec 2 q
= sin (60° + 45°) + cos (60° + 45°) 2
= 2tanq.cos q
= (sin 60° . sin 45° + cos 60° . cos 45°) + (cos 60° cos 45° = 2 sinq.cosq = sin2q
– sin 60° sin 45°) cos(q + a ) + cos(q – a )
2 2cosθ.cos a
215. (a) = =
3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 cos θ cos (q+ a )cos(q – a ) cos 2 θ - sin 2 a
= . + . + . - .
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Þ cos2q cos a = cos2 q – sin2a
Þ sin2a = cos2q(1 – cos a)
2 1
= = sin 2 a
2 2 2 Þ cos2q = = 1 + cos a
1 - cos a
sin ( x + y ) a+b Þ 1 – sin2q = 1 + cos a
209. (a) = Þ sin2q + cos a = 0
sin ( x - y ) a-b
Applying componendo and dividendo, we get 216. (a) Checking through options
300° = – 60°
sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x - y ) a+b+a -b So, 3[3 – tan 2(– 60°) – cot(– 60°)]2
=
sin ( x + y ) - sin ( x - y ) a+b-a +b
2
é 1 ù 1
= 3 ê3 - 3 + ú = 3 ´ 3 =1
ë 3û
 EBD_7346
M-224 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
217. (b) Given equation: sin 34° cos 236° - sin 56° sin124°
cosec x + cot x = 3 222. (a)
cos 28° cos88° + cos178° sin 208°
1 sin 34°( - cos 56°) - sin 56° cos 34°
cosec x – cot x = =
3 cos 28° sin 2° + cos 2° sin 28°
1 4 - sin 34° cos 56° - sin 56° cos 34°
Þ 2 cosec x = 3+ = =
3 3 sin(28° + 2°)
2 sin(34° + 56°) - sin 90° -1
Þ cosec x = - = = = -2
3 = sin 30° sin 30° 1
3 2
Þ sin x = 223. (c) tan 54° = tan (45° + 9°)
2
p 2p tan 45° + tan 9° 1 + tan 9°
Possible values of x = , = =
3 3 1 - tan 45°· tan 9° 1 - tan 9°
\ Option (b) is correct.
218. (b) sin 9°
1+
= cos 9° cos 9° + sin 9°
[(2 cos q + 1)(2cos q - 1)]10 [2 cos 2q - 1]10 [2cos 4q - 1]10 sin 9° =
1- cos9° - sin 9°
cos 9°
p
when, q = (given) Sol. (224-226)
8
224. (c) p = x cosq – y sinq
10 10 q = x sinq + y cosq
æ 2 p ö æ 1 ö
= çè 4 cos - 1÷ ç 2 ´ - 1÷ (–1)10 Given, p2 + 4pq + q2 = Ax2 + By2
8 ø è 2 ø
p
10 Let us take q = .
æ 2+ 2 ö 4
( )
10
= ç4´ - 1÷ 2 -1
è 4 ø p p x- y
p = x cos - y cos =
4 4 2
= [( 2 + 1)( 2 - 1)]10 = 110 = 1
p p x+ y
c q = x sin + y cos =
219. (a) Product of roots = 4 4 2
a
3 x2 - y2
Þ cos a . cos b = - pq = Þ 2 pq = x 2 - y 2
4 2
Þ 4 pq = 2x2 – 2y2 ...(1)
1 4 Now, p + q = x2 cos2q + y2 sin2q – 2 xy cosq sinq
2 2
Þ -
cos a .cos b = sec a . sec b = 3 + x2 sin2 q + y2 cos2q + 2xy sinq cosq = x2 + y2
220. (b) A = sin2q + cos4q ...(2)
From (1), (2), p2 + q2 + 4pq = x2 + y2 + 2x2 – 2y2
= sin2q + (1 – sin2q)2 = 3x2 – y2
= 1 + sin4q – sin2q Comparing this with the given form, we get
= 1 – sin2q(1 – sin2q)
= 1 – sin2q . cos2q p
q = , A = 3, B = -1
4
4 - 4sin 2 q .cos 2 q 4 - sin 2 (2q) 225. (b) 226. (a)
= =
4 4
As, we know, 0 £ sin2 2q £ 1 227. (a) Given, cos (q – a) = a Þ sin (q – a) = 1 - a2

4-0 4 -1 3 cos (q – b) = b Þ sin (q – b) = 1 - b2

\ A= or Þ £A£1 \ cos (a – b) = cos (q – b – (q – a))
4 4 4
221. (d) 25 cosec2x + 36 sec2x. = cos (q – b) cos (q – a) + sin (q – b) sin (q – a)

Minimum value = ( 25 + 36)2 = (b)(a) + 1 - b2 1 - a 2

= (5 + 6)2 = (11)2 = 121
= ab + 1 - a2 1 - b2
TRIGONOMETRY - Ratio & Identity, Trigonometric Equations M-225
2 2
228. (a) sin (a – b) + 2ab cos (a – b) = 1 – cos (a – b) + 2ab cos 232. (b) tan 75° + cot 75° = 2 + 3 + 2 - 3 = 4
(a – b) = 1 – cos (a – b) [cos (a – b) – 2ab] 233. (b) cos 46° cos 47° cos 48° cos 49° ..... cos 135°
We know, cos 90° = 0
= 1 - (ab + 1 - a 2 1 - b2 )
\ Given expression has cos 90° and so it’s value is 0.
é ab + 1 - a 2 1 - b 2 - 2ab ù 234. (b) sin 2q = cos 3q
êë úû Þ sin2q = sin (90° – 3q)
5 -1
= 1 - ( 1 - a 2 1 - b2 + ab)( 1 - a 2 1 - b2 - ab) 2q = 90 ° – 3q \ sin q = sin18° =
4
= 1 - é( 1 - a2 1 - b 2 )2 - (ab) 2 ù Þ 5q = 90°
êë úû Þ q = 18°
2 2 2 2
= 1 – [(1 – a ) (1 – b ) – a b ) 235. (a) (1 + tan a tan b)2 + (tan a - tan b)2 - sec 2 a sec2 b
= 1 – (1 – b2 – a2 + a2b2 – a2b2)
= 1 – 1 + b2 + a2 = a2 + b2 = 1 + tan 2 a tan 2 b + 2 tan a tan b + tan 2 a + tan 2 b
229. (c) sina + cosa = p
Þ (sin a + cos a)2 = p2 -2 tan a tan b - sec 2 a sec 2 b
Þ sin2 a + cos2 a + 2sin a cos a = p2
Þ 1 + sin 2a = p2 = 1 + tan 2 a tan 2 b + tan 2 a + tan 2 b - sec 2 a sec 2 b
Þ sin 2a = p2 – 1 = (1 + tan 2 a )(1 + tan 2 b) - sec 2 a sec2 b
cos2 2a = 1 – sin2 2a = 1 – (p2 – 1)2
= 1 – (p4 + 1 – 2p2) = –p4 + 2p2 = sec 2 a sec2 b - sec 2 a sec 2 b
= p2 (2 – p2) =0
1 236. (b) p = cosec q – cot q
230. (c) tan q = q = (cosec q + cot q)–1
2
1 1
tan f = Þ = cosec q + cot q
3 q
We know, cosec2 q – cot2 q = 1
tan q + tan f Þ (cosec q + cot q) (cosec q – cot q) = 1
tan(q + f) =
1 - tan q tan f
æ1ö
1 1
+ 5 Þ ç ÷ ( p) = 1
2 3 èqø
= = 6 =1
æ 1 öæ 1 ö
1 - ç ÷ç ÷ 5 Þp=q
è 2 øè 3 ø 6 237. (c) sin q + cos q = 2 cos q ...(1)
p Let cosq – sinq = P ...(2)
\q + f = tan -1 (1) = (1)2 + (2)2 Þ sin2q + cos2q + 2sinq cosq + cos2q + sin2q
4
– 2 sinq cosq = 2cos2q + p2
3 Þ 2 = 2 cos2q + p2
231. (b) cos A = Þ p2 = 2 (1 – cos2q) = 2 sin2q
4
æ Aö æ 3A ö 1 é A 3Aù Þ p = 2 sin q
sin ç ÷ .sin ç ÷ = ê 2sin sin ú
è2ø è 2 ø 2ë 2 2 û -1 1
238. (c) sin q = , tan q =
1 é æ 3A A ö æ 3A A öù 2 3
= ê cos ç - ÷ - cos ç + ÷ú
2ë è 2 2ø è 2 2 øû
1 1 Second First
= [cos A - cos 2 A] = [cos A - (2 cos2 A - 1)]
2 2
1
= [cos A - 2 cos 2 A + 1]
2 Third Fourth

1 éæ 3 ö ù
2
æ3ö
= êç ÷ - 2 ç ÷ + 1ú
2 êè 4 ø è4ø
ë ûú sin q is negative, tan q is positive
1 é 3 18 ù 1 é12 - 18 + 16 ù q lies in third quadrant.
= ê - + 1ú = ê ú
2 ë 4 16 û 2 ë 16 û
1 é10 ù 5
= ê ú=
2 ë16 û 16
 EBD_7346
M-226 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Properties of Triangle,
Inverse Trigonometric
Function 12
1. In a triangle ABC, a = 2b and ÐA = 3ÐB. Which one of the
1
following is correct ? (a) (0, 1) (b) ( , 1)
2
(a) The triangle is isosceles
(b) The triangle is equilateral 1 3
(c) (1, ) (d) ( ,1) [2006-II]
(c) The triangle is right-angled 2 2
(d) Such triangle does not exist [2006-I] 7. If the perimeter of a triangle ABC is 30 cm, then what is
2. What is the value of the value of a cos2 (C/2) + c cos2 (A/2) ?
tan (tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z) – cot (cot–1x + cot–1y + cot–1z) ? (a) 15 cm (b) 10 cm
(a) 0 (b) 2 (x + y + z) 15
(c) cm (d) 13 cm [2006-II]
3p 3p 2
(c) (d) + x + y + z [2006-I] 8. In D ABC, if ÐA : ÐB : ÐC = 1 : 2 : 3, then what is BC : CA :
2 2
AB ?
3. What is the value of x that satisfies the equation
cos–1 x = 2 sin–1 x ? (a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 3 : 2

1 (c) 2 : 3 :1 (d) 3 :1 : 2 [2006-II]

(a) (b) – 1
2 9. The angles A, B, C of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 5 : 5.
What is the value of tan B tan C ?
1
(c) 1 (d) - [2006-I]
2 (a) 4+ 3 (b) 4+2 3
4. The median AD of a triangle ABC is bisected at F, and BF is (c) (d) 3 + 3 3 [2006-II]
7+4 3
produced to meet the side AC in P. If AP = lAC, then what is
10. If A, B and C are angles of a triangle such that tan A = 1,
the value of l ?
tan B = 2, then what is the value of tan C?
1 1 (a) 0 (b) 1
(a) (b)
4 2 (c) 2 (d) 3 [2007-I]
11. What is sin [cot–1{cos(tan–1x)] where x > 0, equal to?
2 1
(c) (d) [2006-I]
3 3 (x 2 + 1) (x 2 + 2)
(a) (b)
æ 2p ö (x 2 + 2) (x 2 + 1)
5. What is the value of sin–1 sin
ç ÷?
è 3 ø
(x 2 + 1) (x 2 + 2)
2p (c) (d) [2007-I]
(a) p (b) (x 2 + 2) (x 2 + 1)
- 3
3 12. In a triangle ABC, if a = 2b and A= 3B then which one of the
p following is correct ?
2p
(c) - (d) [2006-I] (a) The triangle is obtuse-angled
3 3
(b) The triangle is acute-angled but not right-angled
6. What are the values of (x, y) satisfying the simultaneous (c) The triangle is right-angled
2p p (d) The triangle is isosceles but not obtuse-angled
equations sin–1 x + sin–1 y = and cos–1x – cos–1y = ? [2007-I]
3 3
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-227

1 1 p
13. If sin–1 x = tan –1 y, what is the value of 2
- 2
? 20. If sin–1 x – cos–1 x = , then what is the value of x?
x y 6

(a) 1 (b) –1 1
(a) x=- (b) x = 1
(c) 0 (d) 2 [2007-II] 2
14. What is the value of :
1 3
(c) x= (d) x= [2008-I]
é ì æ 15p ö ü ù 2 2
cos ê tan -1 ítan ç ÷ ýú ?
ë î è 4 ø þû 21. In a triangle ABC, b = 3 cm,c = 1cm, ÐA = 30°, what is
1 the value of a?
(a) - (b) 0
2 (a) 2 cm (b) 2 cm

1 1 1
(c) (d) [2007-II] (c) 1 cm (d) cm [2008-I]
2 2
2 2
1
1 1 22. Let – 1 £ x £ 1. If cos (sin -1 x) = , then how many value
15. Two angles of a triangle are tan –1 and tan –1 . What is 2
2 3 –1
does tan (cos x) assume?
the third angle?
(a) One (b) Two
(a) 30° (b) 45°
(c) Four (d) Infinite [2008-I]
(c) 90° (d) 135° [2007-II]
23. The equation sin–1 (3x – 4x3) = 3 sin –1 (x) is true for all
16. If median of the D ABC through A is perpendicular to BC, values of x lying in which one of the following intervals?
then which one of the following is correct?
(a) tan A + tan B = 0 (b) tan B – tan C = 0 é 1 1ù é1 ù
(a) êë - 2 , 2 úû (b) êë 2 ,1úû
(c) tan C + 2 tan A = 0 (d) tan B + tan C = 0
[2007-II] é 1ù
(c) -1, - ú (d) [ -1,1] [2008-I]
ëê 2û
-1 æ1 ö
17. If cos ç ÷ = q , then what is the value of cosec–1 ( 5) ? 24. Which one of the following is not correct? [2008-II]
è 5ø

æ pö (a) sin –1 {sin ( 5p / 4 )} = – p / 4

æ pö
(a) ç 2 ÷+q (b) ç ÷ - q
è ø è2ø (b) sec –1 {sec ( 5p / 4 )} = 3p / 4
p
(c) (d) -q [2007-II] (c) tan –1 { tan ( 5p / 4 )} = p / 4
2
18. What is the value of (d) cos ec –1 {cos ec ( 7 p / 4 )} = p / 4
æmö æ m-n ö 25. If sin–1x + sin–1y = p /2 and cos–1 x – cos–1 y = 0, then
tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷?
n
è ø è m+n ø values x and y are respectively [2008-II]
1 1 1 1
p (a) ,– (b) ,
(a) p (b) 2 2 2 2
2 1 1 1 1
(c) ,– (d) ,
p p
2 2 2 2
(c) (d) [2007-II] 26. ABC is a triangle in which AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm and
4 3
CA = 10 cm. What is the value of cot(A/4)? [2008-II]
19. What is tan (cos –1 x ) equal to ?
(a) 5–2 (b) 5+2
(c) 3 –1 (d) 3 +1
(a) 1 - x2 (b)
x
x 1 + x2 27. If the sides of a triangle are 6cm, 10cm and 14 cm, then what
is the largest angle included by the sides? [2009-I]
(a) 90° (b) 120°
(c) 1+ x 2 (d) [2008-I]
1- x2 (c) 135° (d) 150°
x
 EBD_7346
M-228 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
28. For finding the area of a triangle ABC, which of the following 37. If angles A, B and C are in AP, then what is
entities are required? [2009-I] sin A + 2 sin B + sin C equal to? [2010-I]
(a) Angles A, B and side a
æ A–C ö
(b) Angles A, B and side b (a) 4 sin B cos2 ç ÷
è 2 ø
(c) Angles A, B and side c
(d) Either (a) or (b) or (c) æ A–C ö
(b) 4 sin B cos2 ç ÷
29. –1
{ 2
}
The formula sin 2 x (1 – x ) = 2sin x is true for all –1
è 4 ø
values of x lying in the interval [2009-I]
(a) [–1, 1] (b) [0, 1] æ A–C ö
(c) 4 sin (2B) cos2 ç ÷
è 2 ø
(c) [–1, 0] é –1/ 2,1/ 2 ù
(d)
ë û
30. If sin A = 1/ 5 , cos B = 3/ 10 ; A, B being positive acute æ A–C ö
angles, then what is (A + B) equal to? [2009-I] (d) 4 sin (2B) cos2 ç ÷
è 4 ø
(a) p / 6 (b) p / 4
(c) p / 3 (d) p / 2 38. Statement I : If – 1 £ x < 0, then cos (sin –1 x) = - 1 – x 2

æ 2a ö æ 1 – b2 ö æ 2x ö Statement II : If – 1 £ x < 0, then sin (cos–1 x) = 1 – x 2

31. If sin –1 ç 2 ÷
– cos –1 ç 2 ÷
= tan –1 ç 2 ÷
,
è 1+ a ø è 1 + b ø è1– x ø Which one of the following is correct in respect of the aobve
then what is the value of x? [2009-I]
statements? [2010-I]
(a) a / b (b) ab (a) Both statements I and II are independently correct and
a–b
(c) b / a (d) statement II is the correct explanation of statement I
1 + ab
32. If in a D ABC, cos B = (sin A)/ (2 sin C), then the triangle is (b) Both statements I and II are independently correct but
statement II is not the correct explanation of statement
[2009-II]
I
(a) Isosceles triangle
(c) Statement I is correct but statement II is false.
(b) Equilateral triangle
(d) Statement I is false but statement II is correct.
(c) Right angled triangle
39. In a triangle ABC , BC = 39 , AC = 5 and AB = 7. What is
(d) Scalene triangle
the measure of the angle A? [2010-I]
33. If sin -1 x + cot -1 (1/ 2 ) = p / 2, then what is the value of x? p p
(a) (b)
[2009-II] 4 3
(a) 0 (b) 1/ 5 p p
(c) (d)
2 6
(c) 2/ 5 (d) 3/2
-1 4 1
+ 2 tan -1 ?
34. ( )
In a DABC, a + b = 3 1 + 3 cm and a – b = 3 1 - 3 cm. ( ) 40. What is the value of sin
5 3
[2010-II]

If angle A is 30°, then what is the angle B? [2009-II] p p

(a) 120° (b) 90° (a) (b)
3 2
(c) 75° (d) 60°
p p
35. What is the principle value of cosec–1 (– 2) ? [2010-I] (c) (d)
4 6

p p 41. ABC is a triangle in which BC = 10 cm, CA = 6 cm and

(a) (b) AB = 8 cm. Which one of the following is correct?
4 2
(a) ABC is an acute angled triangle [2010-II]
p (b) ABC is an obtuse angled triangle
(c) – (d) 0
4 (c) ABC is a right angled triangle
(d) None of these
5 12 p
36. If sin–1 + sin –1 = , then what is the value of x? 42. In a DABC, if c = 2, A = 120°, a = 6 , then what is C equal
x x 2
to ? [2011-I]
(a) 1 (b) 7 [2010-I]
(a) 30° (b) 45°
(c) 13 (d) 17 (c) 60° (d) 75°
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-229

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 43-46) : Read the following information 51. In a triangle ABC, if A = tan–1 2 and B = tan –1 3, then C is
carefully and give the answer. equal to [2011-II]

ABC is a triangle right-angled at B. The hypotenuse (AC) is four p p

(a) (b)
times the perpendicular (BD) drawn to it from the opposite vertex 3 4
and AD < DC.
p p
43. What is one of the acute angle of the triangle? [2011-I] (c) (d)
6 2
(a) 15° (b) 30°
(c) 45° (d) None of these 52. If the sides of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 6 :1 + 3 , then
44. What is ÐABD ? [2011-I] what is the smallest angle of the triangle? [2011-II]
(a) 15° (b) 30° (a) 75° (b) 60°
(c) 45° (d) 30°
(c) 45° (d) None of these
53. In a triangle ABC, a = 8, b = 10 and c = 12. What is the angle
45. What is AD:DC equal to? [2011-I]
C equal to? [2011-II]
(a) ( 7 - 2 3 ) :1 (b) ( 7 - 4 3 ) :1 (a) A/2 (b) 2A
(c) 3A (d) 3A/2
(c) 1 : 2 (d) None of these
54. The sides a, b, c of a triangle ABC are in arithmetic progres-
46. What is tan (A – C) equal to? [2011-I] sion and ‘a’ is the smallest side. What is
(a) 0 (b) 1 cos A equal to? [2011-II]
(c) 2 (d) None of these
3c - 4b 3c - 4b
47. Consider the following [2011-I] (a) (b)
2c 2b
æ 2 ö p
I. cosec–1 ç - ÷ = - 4c - 3b 3b - 4c
è 3ø 3 (c) (d)
2c 2c

æ 2 ö p ì -1 4 12 ü
II. sec–1 ç ÷ = 55. What is the value of cos ícos + cos -1 ý ? [2012-I]
è 3ø 6 î 5 13 þ
Which of the above is/are correct? (a) 63/65 (b) 33/65
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) 22/65 (d) 11/65
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II 56. In a triangle ABC if the angles A, B, C are in AP, then which
one of the following is correct? [2012-I]
æ -1 1 ö
48. If sin ç sin + cos -1 x ÷ = 1 , then what is x equal to? (a) c = a + b (b) c2 = a2 + b2 – ab
è 5 ø (c) a2 = b2 + c2 – bc (d) b2 = a2 + c2 – ac
4
(a) 0 (b) 1 [2011-I] 57. If sin–11 + sin–1 = sin–1x, then what is x equal to?
5
4 1 (a) 3/5 (b) 4/5 [2012-I]
(c) (d)
5 5 (c) 1 (d) 0
58. If tan–12, tan–13 are two angles of a triangle, then what is
æ 2 ö
49. What is the principal value of sec -1 ç ÷? [2011-II] the third angle? [2012-I]
è 3ø (a) tan 2 –1 (b) tan 4–1

(c) p/4 (d) p/3

p p
(a) (b)
2 3 æ5ö
59. What is the value of sec2tan–1 ç ÷ ? [2012-I]
è 11 ø
p p
(c) (d) (a) 121/96 (b) 211/921
4 6
(c) 146/121 (d) 267/121
50. In any triangle ABC, the sides are 6 cm, 10 cm and
14 cm. Then the triangle is obtuse angled with the é -1 æ 3 ö -1 æ 4 ö ù
60. What is sin êsin ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ ú equal to ? [2012-II]
obtuse angle equal to [2011-II] ë è5ø è 5 øû
(a) 150° (b) 135° (a) 0 (b) 1/2
(c) 120° (d) 105° (c) 1 (d) 2
 EBD_7346
M-230 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
61. In any triangle ABC, a = 18, b = 24 and c = 30. Then what is 68. If A + B + C = p, then what is cos (A + B) + cos C equal to ?
sin C equal to : [2013-I]
[2014-I]
1 1 (a) 0 (b) 2 cos C
(a) (b) (c) cos C – sin C (d) 2 sin C
4 3
1 3p
(c) (d) 1 69. What is sin–1 sin equal to ? [2014-I]
2 5
3p 2p
-1 æ 2a ö æ 2b ö (a) (b)
62. If sin ç ÷ + sin -1 ç = 2 tan –1 x, then x is equal
è1+ a ø
2 è 1 + b2 ø÷ 5 5
p
to [2013-I] (c) (d) None of these
5
a-b a -b
(a) (b) 3 4
1 + ab 1 - ab 70. What is sin -1 - sin -1 equal to ? [2014-II]
5 5
2ab a +b (a) p 2 (b) p 3
(c) (d)
1 + ab 1 - ab
63. If the angles of a triangle are 30° and 45° and the included (c) p 4 (d) p 6
side is ( 3 + 1) , then what is the area of the tringle ?
71. In a triangle ABC, c = 2, A = 45°, a = 2 2, than what is C
[2013-II] equal to ? [2014-II]
(a) 30° (b) 15°
3 +1
(a) (b) 2( 3 + 1) (c) 45° (d) None of these
2 72. In a triangle ABC, sin A – cos B = cos C, then what is B equal
to ? [2014-II]
3 +1 3 -1
(c) (d) (a) p (b) p 3
3 2
(c) p 2 (d) p 4
-1 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö
64. What is tan çè ÷ø + tan çè ø÷ equal to ? [2013-II]
73. In a triangle ABC, a = (1 + 3) cm, b = 2 cm and angle
2 3
C = 60°. Then the other two angles are [2015-I]
p p (a) 45° and 75° (b) 30° and 90°
(a) (b)
2 3 (c) 105° and 15° (d) 100° and 20°
p p p
(c) (d) 74. The equation tan –1(1 + x) + tan–1 (1– x) = is satisfied by
4 6 2
65. If x and y are positive and xy > 1, then what is tan–1x + [2015-I]
tan–1y equal to ? [2014-I] (a) x = 1 (b) x = –1
1
-1 æ x + y ö -1 æ x + y ö (c) x = 0 (d) x =
(a) tan çè 1 - xy ÷ø (b) p + tan çè 1 - xy ÷ø 2
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 75-77) : For the next three (3) items that
-1 æ x + y ö -1 æ x - y ö
follow.
(c) p - tan çè 1 - xy ÷ø (d) tan çè 1 + xy ÷ø
-1 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö
Consider x = 4 tan ç ÷ , y = tan ç ÷ and z = tan ç ÷ .
66. Consider the following statements : [2014-I] è 5ø è 70 ø è 99 ø
1. There exists no triangle ABC for which sin A + sin B = [2015-I]
sin C. 75. What is x equal to?
2. If the angle of a triangle are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3, then its
-1 æ 60 ö -1 æ 120 ö
sides will be in the ratio 1 : 3 : 2. (a) tan ç ÷ (b) tan ç ÷
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? è 119 ø è 119 ø
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only -1 æ 90 ö -1 æ 170 ö
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) tan ç ÷ (d) tan ç ÷
è 169 ø è 169 ø
67. Consider the following statements : [2014-I]
76. What is x – y equal to?
1. tan–1 1 + tan–1 (0.5) = p/2
2. sin–1 (1/3) +cos–1 (1/3) = p/2 -1 æ 828 ö -1 æ 8287 ö
(a) tan ç ÷ (b) tan ç ÷
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? è 845 ø è 8450 ø
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
-1 æ 8281 ö -1 æ 8287 ö
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) tan ç ÷ (d) tan ç ÷
è 8450 ø è 8471 ø
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-231

77. What is x – y + z equal to? [2015-I] Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
p p
(a) (b) (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
2 3 84. Consider the following statements: [2016-I]
p p æ1ö
(c) (d) 1. tan -1 x + tan -1 ç ÷ = p
6 4 èxø
æ 1 pö 2. There exist x, y Î[-1, 1], where x ¹ y such that
78. The value of tan ç 2 tan -1 - ÷ is [2015-II]
è 5 4ø p
sin -1 x + cos -1 y =
.
7 5 2
(a) - (b) Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
17 16
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
5 7 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) (d) 85. Consider the following statements: [2016-I]
4 17
79. Consider the following : [2015-II] 1. If ABC is an equilateral triangle, then
3tan(A + B) tan C =1.
4 3 p
1. sin -1 + sin -1 = 2. If ABC is a triangle in which A = 78°, B =66°, then
5 5 2 æA ö
-1
tan ç + C ÷ < tan A
2. tan 3 + tan -1 1 = - tan -1 (2 + 3) è2 ø
which of the above is/are correct ? 3. If ABC is any triangle, then
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only æ A + Bö æ Cö æ Cö
tan ç sin ç ÷ < cos ç ÷
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 è 2 ÷ø è 2ø è 2ø
1 1 1
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
p p p
80. If a, b, c are the sides of a triangle ABC, then a + b - c (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
where p > 1, is [2015-II] (c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 3
(a) always negative 86. What is the value of cos(2 cos–1(0.8) ? [2016-II]
(b) always positive (a) 0.81 (b) 0.56
(c) always zero (c) 0.48 (d) 0.28
(d) positive if 1 < p < 2 and negative if p > 2 87. Consider the following for triangle ABC : [2017-I]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 81-82) : For the next two (2) items
æ B+Cö æAö
that follow: 1. sin ç ÷ = cos ç ÷
è 2 ø è2ø
Consider a tiangle ABC in which
p æ B+Cö æAö
cos A + cos B + cos C = 3 sin [2016-I] 2. tan ç ÷ = cot ç ÷
3 è 2 ø è2ø
3. sin (B + C) = cos A
A B C 4. tan (B + C) = –cot A
81. What is the value of sin sin sin ?
2 2 2 Which of the above are correct?
1 1 (a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(a) (b) (c) 1 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
2 4
1 1 æ 3ö æ1ö
(c) (d) 88. The value of sin -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷ is equal to [2017-II]
8 16 è 5ø è7ø
82. What is the value of
p
æA+Bö æ B+Cö æ C+ A ö (a) 0 (b)
cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷? 4
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø p p
1 (c) (d)
(a) (b) 1 3 2
4 2 89. In a triangle ABC, a – 2b + c = 0. The value of
1 æAö æ Cö
(c) (d) None of the above cot ç ÷ cot ç ÷ is
16 [2017-II]
è 2ø è 2ø
83. Consider the following statements: [2016-I]
p p 9
1. There exists qÎæç - , ö÷ for which tan -1 (tan q) ¹ q. (a)
2
(b) 3
è 2 2ø
3
æ1ö æ1ö æ
-1 2 2( 3 - 1)
ö (c) (d) 1
2. sin -1 ç ÷ - sin -1 ç ÷ = sin çç ÷÷ 2
è3ø è5ø è 15 ø
 EBD_7346
M-232 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
97. If A + B + C = 180°, then what is sin 2A – sin 2B – sin 2C equal
sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C to? [2018-II]
90. In triangle ABC, if = 2 then the
cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C (a) – 4 sin A sin B sin C (b) – 4 cos A sin B cos C
triangle is [2017-II] (c) – 4 cos A cos B sin C (d) – 4 sin A cos B cos C
(a) right-angled (b) equilateral
98. Consider the following values of x: [2018-II]
(c) isosceles (d) obtuse-angled
91. The principal value of sin–1 x lies in the interval [2017-II] 1. 8 2. – 4

æ p pö é p pù 1 1
(a) ç- , ÷ (b) ê - , ú 3. 4. -
è 2 2ø ë 2 2û 6 4
é pù Which of the above values of x is/are the solutions of the
(c) ê0, 2 ú
ë û
(d) [0, p] -1 -1 p
equation tan (2x) + tan (3x) =
2 4
92. In a triangle ABC if a = 2, b = 3 and sin A = , then what is (a) 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
3
angle B equal to? [2018-I] (c) 1 and 4 only (d) 4 only
p p 99. Let the slope of the curve y = cos–1 (sin x) be tan q: Then the
(a) (b)
4 2 value of q in the interval (0, p) is [2018-II]
p p p 3p
(c) (d) (a) (b)
3 6 6 4
-1 æ 2p ö
93. What is the principal value of sin çè sin ÷ø ? p p
3 (c) (d)
[2018-I] 4 2
p p 4 5 p
(a) (b) 100. What is the value of sin -1 + sec -1 - ? [2019-I]
4 2 5 4 2
p 2p
(c) (d)
3 3 p p
94. If x, x – y and x + y are the angles of a triangle (not an (a) (b)
equilateral triangle) such that tan (x – y), tan x and tan (x + y) 4 2
are in GP, then what is x equal to? [2018-I] (c) p (d) 0
p p 2p 1 - q2 2x
(a) (b) 101. If sin
-1
- cos -1 = tan -1 , then what is x
4 3 2 2
1+ p 1+ q 1- x2
p p
(c) (d) equal to ? [2019-I]
6 2
95. ABC is a triangle inscribed in a circle with centre O. Let a = p+q p-q
ÐBAC, where 45° < a < 90°. Let b = ÐBOC. Which one of (a) 1 + pq (b) 1 + pq
the following is correct? [2018-I]
pq p+q
1 - tan 2 a 1 + tan 2 a (c) 1 + pq (d) 1 - pq
(a) cos b = (b) cos b =
1 + tan 2 a 1 - tan 2 a
102. If the angles of a triangle ABC are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. then
2 tan a the corresponding sides are in the ratio [2019-I]
(c) cos b = (d) sin b = 2 sin2 a
1 + tan 2 a (a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 : 1
æ 1ö æ 3ö (c) 1: 3 : 2 (d) 1: 3 : 2
96. What is tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷ equal to? [2018-I]
è 4ø è 5ø 103. What is the derivative of sec2 (tan–1 x) with respect to x?
[2019-I]
p
(a) 0 (b) (a) 2x (b) x2 + 1
4 (c) x + 1 (d) x2
p p
(c) (d)
3 2
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-233

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 11 (a) 21 (c) 31 (d) 41 (c) 51 (b) 61 (d) 71 (a) 81 (c) 91 (b) 101 (b)
2 (a) 12 (c) 22 (b) 32 (a) 42 (b) 52 (c) 62 (d) 72 (c) 82 (d) 92 (b) 102 (c)
3 (a) 13 (a) 23 (d) 33 (b) 43 (a) 53 (b) 63 (a) 73 (a) 83 (b) 93 (c) 103 (a)
4 (d) 14 (c) 24 (d) 34 (d) 44 (a) 54 (c) 64 (c) 74 (c) 84 (d) 94 (b)
5 (d) 15 (d) 25 (d) 35 (c) 45 (b) 55 (b) 65 (b) 75 (b) 85 (b) 95 (a)
6 (b) 16 (b) 26 (b) 36 (c) 46 (d) 56 (d) 66 (c) 76 (c) 86 (d) 96 (b)
7 (a) 17 (b) 27 (b) 37 (b) 47 (c) 57 (a) 67 (b) 77 (d) 87 (b) 97 (d)
8 (b) 18 (c) 28 (c) 38 (d) 48 (d) 58 (c) 68 (a) 78 (a) 88 (b) 98 (a)
9 (c) 19 (a) 29 (d) 39 (b) 49 (d) 59 (c) 69 (b) 79 (a) 89 (b) 99 (b)
10 (c) 20 (d) 30 (b) 40 (b) 50 (c) 60 (c) 70 (a) 80 (b) 90 (a) 100 (d)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) From properties of triangle we know that p
a b c Þ sin–1 x =
= = 6
.
sin A sin B sin C
Given that a = 2b and A = 3B. p 1
So, x = sin =
2b b 6 2
We get = .
sin 3B sin B 4. (d) Given, AD is the median of DABC. F is mid-point of AD
and BF is produced to meet the side AC in P.
sin 3B 3sin B - 4sin 3 B
Þ =2 Þ =2
sin B sin B A
Þ 3 – 4 sin2 B = 2
2 P
æ1ö 1 p F
Þ sin2 B = ç ÷ Þ sin B = = sin
è 2ø 2 6 Q
p B C
Þ B= since A = 3 B D
6
p Draw DQ || FP
So, ÐA =
2 In DADQ, F is mid-point of AD and FP || DQ.
Thus, triangle is right angled triangle. \ P is mid-point of AQ (converse of mid-point theorem)
2. (a) tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z) Þ AP = PQ ...(1)
– cot (cot–1 x + cot–1 y + cot–1 z)
= tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z) In DBCP, D is mid-point of BC and DQ || BP.
\ Q is midpoint of PC.
æp p p ö
– cot ç - tan -1 x + - tan -1 y + - tan -1 z ÷ Þ PQ = QC ...(2)
è 2 2 2 ø From (1), (2) we get, AP = PQ = QC
æ -1 -1 pö From figure, AP + PQ + QC = AC
çQ tan x + cot x = ÷ Þ AP + AP + AP = AC
è 2ø
= tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z) Þ 3 × AP = AC
– cot{3p/2 – (tan –1 x + tan –1 y + tan–1 z) 1 1
= tan (tan x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z)
–1 Þ AP = × AC \ l=
3 3
– tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z) = 0
3. (a) Given that cos x = 2 sin–1x
–1
æ 2p ö é æ 2p ö ù -1 æ pö
5. (d) sin -1 ç sin ÷ = sin -1 êsin ç p - ÷ ú = sin ç sin ÷
p è 3ø ë è 3 ø û è 3ø
Þ – sin–1 x = 2 sin–1 x
2 p é 2p æ pö ù
= êSince, sin 3 = sin çè p - 3 ø÷ ú
p 3 ë û
Þ = 3 sin –1 x
2
 EBD_7346
M-234 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
6. (b) Given that Þ x + 2x + 3x = 180°
2p 180°
sin –1 x + sin –1 y = ...(i) Þ x= = 30°
3 6
p So, ÐA = 30°, ÐB = 60° and ÐC = 90°
and cos –1 x – cos –1y = From sin law
3
p p p BC CA AB
Þ - sin -1 x - + sin -1 y = = = =K
2 2 3 sinA sinB sinC

p BC CA AB
[since cos –1 x + sin –1 x = ] = = =K
2 sin30° sin60° sin90°
p BC = K sin 30°
Þ – sin–1 x + sin –1 y = ...(ii) CA = K sin 60°
3
On solving eq. (i) and (ii), we get AB = K sin 90°
BC : CA : AB
p
2 sin–1 y = p and 2 sin–1 x =
3 1 3
= sin 30°: sin 60° : sin 90° = : :1 = 1: 3 : 2
p 2 2
p
Þ sin–1 y = and sin–1 x = 9. (c) Let the angles A, B and C of a triangle are 2x, 5x and 5x,
2 6
respectively
p p So, 2x + 5x + 5x = 180°
Hence, y = sin and x = sin
2 6
180°
Þ x= = 15°
1 12
Þ x = and y = 1
2 Angles are 30°, 75°, 75°
7. (a) We know from properties of triangle that ÐB = 75° and ÐC = 75°
A s(s - a) A s(s - a) \ tan B tan C = (tan 75°)2 = (tan(45° + 30°))2
cos = Þ cos 2 =
2 bc 2 bc 2
æ 1 ö
1+ 2
æ tan 45° + tan 30° ö ç ÷
2
C s(s - c) C s(s - c) 3÷ æ 3 + 1ö
and cos = Þ cos2 = =ç ÷ = ç = çç ÷÷
2 ab 2 ab è 1 - tan 45° tan 30° ø ç 1 - 1 ÷ è 3 -1 ø
ç ÷
C A è 3ø
So, a cos 2 + c cos 2
2 2
2
æ ( 3 + 1)2 ö 1 2
æ s(s - c) ö æ s(s - a) ö s (s - c + s - a) =ç ÷ = [3 + 1 + 2 3]
= aç ÷ + cç ÷= ç 3 -1 ÷ 4
è ab ø è bc ø b è ø

s(2s - a - c) s(a + b + c - a - c) s.b 1 1

= = = =s = [4 + 2 3]2 = [16 + 12 + 16 3]
b b b 4 4

30 1
= = 15 cm [given that 2s = 30] = [28 + 16 3] = 7 + 4 3
2 4
10. (c) In any triangle ABC, A + B + C = p
8. (b) Ratio of angles is given by ÐA : ÐB : ÐC =1 : 2 : 3
or, A + B = p – C
Let ÐA = x, ÐB = 2x and ÐC = 3x
so, tan (A + B) = tan (p – C)
A
or, – tan C = tan (A + B)
so, tan C = – tan (A + B)
tan A + tan B
=-
1 - tan A. tan B
As given, tan A = 1, and tan B = 2
B putting these values,
C
We know that in a triangle 1+ 3 4
ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = 180° tan C = - = =2
1 - 1´ 3 2
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-235

11. (a) Let a = tan–1 x Þ tan a = x é -1 ì æ p ö üù

= cos ê tan í tan ç 4p - ÷ ý ú
1 1 ë î è 4 ø þû
then cos a = =
1 + tan 2 a 1 + x2
é -1 ì p üù é -1 æ -p ö ù
= cos ê tan í - tan ý ú = cos ê tan tan çè 4 ø÷ ú
ì ü ë î 4 þû ë û
Þ cos (tan–1 x) = ïí 1 ïý
2
îï 1 + x þï æ -1 -p -p ö
ç Since tan qis defined for <q< ÷
è 2 2 ø
ìï 1 üï
so, cot–1 {cos(tan–1 x)} = cot–1 í ý æ -p ö
îï 1 + x
2
þï = cos ç ÷
è 4 ø

æ 1 ö p 1
Let cot -1 ç ÷ =b cos = [since cos (– q) = cos q]
è 1+ x2 ø 4 2
15. (d) In any D ABC
1 ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = p
Þ cot b =
1 + x2 -1 1 -1 1
Þ let A = tan and B = tan
2 3
1 1+ x2 x2 + 1
and sin b = = = Þ tan -1 1 + tan -1 1 + ÐC = p
1 + cot 2 b x2 +1 +1 x2 + 2 2 3

x2 +1 æ 1 1ö
+
Þ sin [cot–1 {cos(tan–1)}] = -1 ç2 3 ÷ + ÐC = p
x2 + 2 Þ tan ç 1÷
ç 1- ÷
12. (c) We know from the Sine law that è 6ø
a b
= æ x+y ö
sin A sin B [Q tan –1x + tan–1y = tan -1 ç ÷]
è 1 – xy ø
2b b
Þ = p
sin 3B sin B -1 æ 5 / 6 ö + ÐC = p
Þ tan ç + ÐC = p Þ
è 5 / 6 ø÷ 4
Þ 2 sin B = sin 3B
Þ 2 sin B = 3 sin B – 4 sin 3 B p 3p
Þ ÐC = p - = = 135°
Þ sin B – 4 sin3 B = 0 4 4
Þ sin B (1 – 4 sin2 B) = 0 16. (b) In the given DABC A
Þ sin B = 0 or 1 – 4 sin 2B = 0 Þ B = 0 or B = 30° let BC = a
Þ B = 30° and A = 3 × 30° = 90° a
\ BD = CD =
Þ B = 0 is not possible so, B = 30° and A = 3 × 30° = 90° 2
Þ The triangle is right angled triangle.
In DADB,
13. (a) Let, sin–1 x = tan – 1y = q
Þ x = sin q and y = tanq AD AD B D C
tan B = = a/2 a/2
1 1 BD a / 2 a
2
= 2
= cos ec2q
x sin q 2AD
Þ tan B = ....(1)
1 1 a
and = = cot 2 q. In DADC,
y2 tan 2 q
AD AD
1 1 tan C = =
Þ 2 2 CD a / 2
- = cos ec q - cot q = 1
x2 y2
2AD
14. (c) The given trigonometric expression is : tan C = ....(2)
a
é ì æ 15p ö ü ù From eqs. (1) and (2), we get
cos ê tan -1 í tan ç ÷ ýú tan B = tan C
ë î è 4 ø þû
Þ tan B – tan C = 0
 EBD_7346
M-236 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

æ 1 ö 1 21. (c) As given : In a triangle ABC, AC = b = 3 cm, AB

17. (b) Let, cos -1 ç ÷ = q Þ cos q = = c = 1m and ÐA = 30°
è 5ø 5
From cosine formulae
Þ sec q = 5 Þ sec -1 ( 5) = q
b 2 + c2 – a 2 ( 3)2 + 12 - a 2
p p cos A = =
Þ - cosec -1 ( 5) = q -1 -1
(Q sec x + cosec x = ) 2bc 2 3.1
2 2
3 3 +1– a2
-1 p Þ = Þ 3 = 4 – a2
Þ cos ec ( 5) = - q 2 2 3
2
18. (c) The given expression is : Þ a2 = 4 – 3 = 1 Þ a = 1 cm
22. (b) As given :
-1 æ m ö -1 æ m - n ö
çè ÷ø - tan
( )
tan çè ÷ 1
n m + nø cos sin –1 x =
2
æ nö æ1ö
1- Þ sin –1 x = cos –1 ç ÷
æ m ö ç m÷
= tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç è2ø
è nø n÷
ç 1+ ÷
è mø p p 3
Þ sin –1 x = Þ x = sin =
3 3 2
æmö ænö
= tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 (1) + tan -1 ç ÷ æ
ènø èmø 3ö
\ tan(cos –1 x) = tan ç cos –1 ÷
ç 2 ÷ø
æ mö æ mö p p p p è
= tan -1 ç ÷ + cot -1 ç ÷ - = - =
è nø è nø 4 2 4 4 æ pö 1
= tan ç ± ÷ = ±
19. –1
(a) Let cos x = q è 6ø 3
Hence, tan (cos–1x) have two values.
23. (d) Let sin–1x = q Þ x = sin q
sin–1(3 sin q – 4 sin3 q ) = sin–1 sin 3 q = 3 q = 3 sin–1x
1 1– x2 Equaion sin –1 (3x – 4x3) = 3 sin–1x is true for all values
of x lying in the interval [–1, 1].
24. (d) Option (a)
q
æ 5p ö -p
x sin -1 ç sin ÷ =
è 4 ø 4
Þ cos q = x Þ sin q = 1 – x 2
5p æ -p ö
Þ sin = sin ç ÷
1 – x2 4 è 4 ø
Þ tan q = and q = cos –1 x
x
æ pö p
This can be represented by a triangle with hypotenuous Þ sin ç p + ÷ = - sin
è 4 ø 4
= 1 and sides x and 1 - x 2 .
æpö æpö
Þ - sin ç 4 ÷ = - sin ç 4 ÷
1– x 2 è ø è ø
Þ tan(cos –1 x) = Hence it is correct
x
20. (d) As given : Option (b)
æ 5p ö 3p
sin –1 x – cos –1 x =
p sec -1 ç sec ÷ =
...(1) è 4 ø 4
6
5p 3p
–1 –1 p Þ sec = sec
and we know that sin x + cos x = ...(2) 4 4
2
On adding Eqs. (1) and (2) we get æ 3p ö 3p
Þ sec ç 2p - ÷ = sec
p p 2p è 4 ø 4
2 sin –1 x = + =
6 2 3 3p 3p
Þ sec = sec
4 4
p p 3
Þ sin –1 x = Þ x = sin = Hence, it is correct
3 3 2
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-237

Option (c)
1 1
5p ö p = =
-1 æ 4 2
tan ç tan ÷ =
è 4 ø 4 A
5p p
Þ tan = tan
4 4
æ pö p 10 cm

6 cm
Þ tan çè p + 4 ÷ø = tan 4

p p
Þ tan = tan
4 4
Hence it is correct Option (d). C
B 8 cm
æ 7p ö p
cosec-1 ç cosec ÷ =
è 4 ø 4 A
\ cot =2
7p p 2
Þ cosec = cosec
4 4 A
cot 2 - 1
æ pö p æ A A ö 4
Now, cot ç + ÷ =
Þ cosec ç 2p - 4 ÷ = cosec 4 è4 4ø A
è ø 2cot
4
p p
Þ -cosec = cosec A
4 4 cot 2 - 1
Hence it is not correct. æ Aö 4
cot ç ÷ =
2
è ø A
-1 -1 p 2 cot
25. (d) Given, sin x + sin y = ...(i) 4
2
and cos -1 x - cos -1 y = 0 æ Aö
Let cot ç ÷ = x
è4ø
æp -1 ö æ p -1 ö
Þ ç 2 - sin x ÷ - ç 2 - sin y ÷ = 0 x2 -1
è ø è ø \ 2=
2x
Þ sin -1 y - sin -1 x = 0
Þ x2 – 4x – 1 = 0
Þ sin -1 y = sin -1 x ...(ii) 4 ± 16 + 4
From equations (i) and (ii) , we get Þ x=
2
p
2sin -1 x = 4±2 5
2 Þ x = = 2± 5
2
-1 p
Þ sin x = æ Aö
4 So, cot ç ÷ = 5 + 2 or 2 - 5
è4ø
1
Þ x= 27. (b) We know that largest side has greatest angle opposite
2 it.
From equation (ii) \ a = 14 cm, b = 10 cm and c = 6 cm
1 A
y=
2 b=
m

26. (b) Here, AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm and CA = 10 cm 10

6c

cm
So, c = 6 cm, a = 8 cm, b = 10 cm
c=

a + b + c 24
S= = = 12 B C
2 2 a = 14 cm

A (12 –10)(12 - 6) c2 + b 2 - a 2
\ tan 2 = 12(12 - 8)
\ cos A =
2bc

æ A (s - b)(s - c ) ö 36 + 100 - 196 1

= = - = cos120°
ççQ tan = ÷ 2 ´ 6 ´ 10
è 2 s (s - a) ÷ø 2
Þ ÐA = 120°
 EBD_7346
M-238 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
28. (c) For finding the area of a triangle ABC, ÐA , ÐB and æ 2 ö p
side c are required. Þ sin–1 x + sin–1 ç ÷= ...(1)
29. (d) sin–1 {2x(1 – x2)}= 2 sin–1 x is true è 5ø 2

é 1 1 ù Now, sin–1 x = cos

–1
1 – x2
"x Î ê - , ú
ë 2 2û
–1 æ 2 ö –1 4 æ 1 ö
1 3 \ sin ç ÷ = cos 1 – = cos –1 ç ÷
30. (b) Given, sin A = and cos B = è 5ø 5 è 5ø
5 10 \ From equation (1), we have
\ sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
æ 1 ö p
1 3 1 9 sin–1 x + cos–1 ç ÷=
= ´ + 1 - ´ 1- è 5ø 2
5 10 5 10
p
3 2 1 3+2 1 p since, sin–1 x + cos–1 x =
= + ´ = = = sin 2
50 5 10 50 2 4
1
p \ x=
Þ A+ B = 5
4
31. (d) Given, 34. (d) Given, a + b = 3 (1 + 3 ).......... (1)
and a – b = 3(1 – 3 ) .......... (2)
-1 æ 1 - b ö
2
-1 æ 2a ö -1 æ 2 x ö
sin ç ÷ - cos ç ÷ = tan ç ÷ By adding (1) and (2) we get
2
è 1+ a ø ç 2÷
è 1 - x2 ø
è1+ b ø
(a + b) + (a – b) = 3 + 3 3 + 3 – 3 3
\ 2tan–1 a – 2tan–1b = 2 tan–1 x
Þ tan–1 a – tan–1 b = tan–1 x Þ 2a = 6 Þ a = 3

-1 æ a - b ö -1
\ b=3–3+3 3 =3 3
Þ tan ç 1 + ab ÷ = tan x
è ø a b
By using sine rule, Þ =
a -b sin A sin B
Þ x=
1 + ab
3 3 3
sin A Given Ð A = 30 Þ =
32. (a) Consider cos B = sin30º sin B
2sin C
1
c 2 + a 2 – b2 a Þ sin B = 3´ Þ sin B = sin 60º
Þ = 2
2ac 2c Þ B = 60º
æ sin A a ö
çQ
a
=
c
è sin A sin C
Þ = ÷
sin C c ø
35. (c) Let the principal value of cosec–1 - 2 = q ( )
2a 2c 1
Þ c2 + a2 – b2 = Þ - 2 = cos ec q Þ - 2 = sin q
2c
Þ c2 + a2 – b2 = a2
Þ c2 – b2 = 0 1 p
Þ sin q = - Þ q=-
Þ c=b 2 4
Hence, D ABC is isosceles triangle.
p
33.
æ1ö p
(b) Let sin –1 x + cot –1 ç ÷ =
Principal value of cosec–1 - 2 = -( ) 4
è2ø 2
5 12 p
æ 1 ö 36. (c) sin -1 + sin -1 =
–1 x x 2
As we know cot–1 x = sin ç ÷
ç 2 ÷
è 1+ x ø
5 x 2 - 144 p
Þ sin -1 + cos-1 =
–1 –1 æ 1 ö p x x 2
\ sin x + cot ç ÷ =
è2ø 2
æ ö
(Q sin -1 x = cos-1 1 - x2 )
ç 1 ÷ p
p
But we know sin -1 y + cos -1 y =
–1 –1
Þ sin x + sin ç ÷=
ç 1 ÷ 2 2
ç 1+ ÷
è 4 ø
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-239

5 x 2 - 144 -1 4 1
\ = 40. (b) Consider sin + 2 tan -1
x x 5 3

Þ 5 = x 2 - 144 æ 4/5 ö -1 æ 2 / 3 ö
= tan -1 ç ÷ + tan ç ÷
è 1 - 16 / 25 ø è 1 - 1/ 9 ø
Þ 25 = x 2 - 144 Þ x 2 = 169
Þ x = 13 é x æ 2x öù
êQsin -1 x = tan -1 and 2tan –1 x = tan -1 ç ÷ú
37. (b) Since, A, B, C are in AP. êë 1- x 2 è 1 - x2 ø úû
\B–A= C–B
Þ 2B = A + C æ 4/5ö -1 æ 2 / 3 ö
= tan -1 ç ÷ + tan ç ÷
But we know A + B + C =180° è 3/5 ø è 8/9 ø
Þ 3B = 180° Þ B = 60°
æ4ö æ3ö
= tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷
Consider sin A + 2sin B + sin C 3
è ø è4ø
A+C A-C æ4ö æ4ö p
= 2sin cos + 2sin B = tan -1 ç ÷ + cot -1 ç ÷ =
2 2 è3ø è3ø 2
é A-C ù
= 2sin B êcos + 1ú (Q A + C = 2B) æ -1 -1 pö
ë 2 û çQ tan x + cot x = ÷
è 2ø
é æ A - C öù 41. (c) Given a DABC in which BC = 10 cm,
= 2sin B ê2 cos 2 ç ÷ú
ë è 4 øû CA = 6cm and AB = 8cm.
Since, CA2 + AB2 = 36 + 64 = 100 = BC2
æ A-C ö
= 4 sin B cos 2 ç ÷ \ DABC is a right angled triangle.
è 4 ø
42. (b) Let c = 2, ÐA = 120° and a = 6 in DABC,
38. (d) ( I ) cos ( sin -1 x ) = cos ( cos-1 )
1 - x2 = 1 - x 2 \ By Sine rule, we have

( II ) sin ( cos-1 x ) = sin ( sin -1 1- x ) =

a c 6 2
2
1 - x2 = Þ =
sin A sin C sin120° sin C
Hence, statement I is false and II is true.
39. (b) Let a, b, c be the sides of D ABC and ÐA = q 2´ 3 1
Þ sin C = =
6 ´2 2
A Þ sin C = sin 45° Þ ÐC = 45°
43. (a) Let BD = P and DE = x
Þ AC = 4P
7 5
A

2P
B C D
39
x

\ a = 39, b = 5 and c = 7 E
a 2P
b
b2 + c 2 – a 2 25 + 49 - 39
and cos A = = C
2bc 2´5´ 7 B
Let E be mid-point of AC.
1 p
= = cos Then, AE = EC = BE = 2P
2 3
In DBDE, (BE)2 = (BD)2 + (ED)2
p Þ (2P)2 = (P)2 + x2
Þ A=
3 Þ 4P2 = P2 + x2
 EBD_7346
M-240 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Þ 3P2 = x2 Þ x = 3P 2 3 1
Þ = sec q Þ =
3 2 sec q
Now, AD = 2P – x = 2P – 3P = P (2 - 3)
3 p
DC = 2P + x = 2P + 3P = P (2 + 3) Þ = cos q Þ q =
2 6
BD P Hence, both statements I and II are correct.
In DBAD, tan A = =
AD P(2 - 3) é æ 1ö ù
48. (d) Let sin êsin -1 ç ÷ + cos -1 x ú = 1
ë è 5 ø û
1 2+ 3
= ´ = 2 + 3 = tan 75° æ 1ö
2- 3 2- 3 Þ sin -1 ç ÷ + cos -1 x = sin -1 1
è 5ø
AD P(2 - 3) æ 1ö p
tan a = = = 2 - 3 = tan 15° Þ sin -1 ç ÷ + cos -1 x =
BD P è 5ø 2
Þ a = 15°
1 æ -1 -1 pö
As, DABC is right angled at B, from figure a + b = 90° Þx= çQ sin x + cos x = ÷
5 è 2ø
Þ 15 + b = 90° Þ b = 75°
In DABC, ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = 180° -1 æ 2 ö = y p
49. (d) Let sec ç ÷ where 0 < y £
Þ 75° + 90° + ÐC = 180° è 3ø 2
Þ ÐC = 180° – 165° = 15°
2
\ One of the a cute angle is 15° Þ sec y =
44. (a) ÐABD = a =15° 3
p p
AD P(2 - 3) 2- 3 2- 3 Þ sec y = sec Þy=
45. (b) AD : DC = DC = = ´ 6 6
P(2 + 3) 2+ 3 2- 3
æ 2 ö p
\ The principal value of sec-1 ç ÷=
4 +3- 4 3 7 - 4 3 è 3ø 6
= =
1 1 50. (c)
C
\ AD : DC = 7 - 4 3 : 1
46. (d) tan (A – C) = tan(75° – 15°) = tan 60° = 3 6=a 10 = b
47. (c) Consider (I) :
æ - 2ö - p
cosec–1 ç ÷ =
è 3ø 3 B A
14 = c
æ - 2ö Since, c = 14 is the largest side
Let cosec–1 ç ÷ = q \ Angle C will be obtuse
è 3ø
2 2 2
a 2 + b2 - c 2 ( 6) + (10) - (14)
-2 cos C = =
- 3 1 2ab 2 ( 6)(10)
Þ = cosec q Þ =
3 2 cosec q
36 + 100 - 196 -1
= =
- 3 -p 2 ´ 6 ´ 10 2
Þ = sin q Þ q =
2 3 æ -1 ö p 2 p 2 ´180
Now, consider (II) : Þ C = cos–1 ç ÷ = p - = = = 120
è 2ø 3 3 3
æ 2 ö p 51. (b) We have A = tan–1 2 Þ tan A = 2
sec–1 ç ÷ =
è 3ø 6 and B = tan–1 3 Þ tan B = 3.
Since, A, B, C are angles of a triangle
æ 2 ö \ A + B+ C=p
Let sec–1 ç ÷ = q
è 3ø Þ C = p – (A + B) ...(1)
Now, A + B = tan–1 2 + tan–1 3
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-241

-1 æ 2 + 3 ö cos C 1
= < 1 Þ cos C < cos A Þ C > A
= p + tan ç ÷ cos A 6
è 1 - 2.3 ø
cos (C – A) = cos C cos A + sin C sin A
é -1 -1 -1 x + y ù
êQ tan x + tan y = p + tan 1 - xy ú =
1 3 3 7
´ + ´
7 3
= = cos A
ë û 8 4 8 4 4
Þ C – A = A Þ C = 2A
= p + tan -1 ( -1) = p – tan–1(1)
54. (c) Given a, b, c are in arithmetic progression.
p 3p \ 2b = a + c ...(1)
=p - = Now, we know
4 4
b 2 + c2 - a2
3p p cos A =
\ from (1), C = p - = . 2bc
4 4
2
52. (c) A b2 + c 2 - ( 2b - c )
= (from 1)
2bc

2 6 b2 + c 2 - 4b2 - c 2 + 4bc
=
2bc

-3b 2 + 4bc 4c - 3b
B = =
C 2bc 2c
1+ 3
-1 4 4 3
Let ABC be a triangle with sides a = 1 + 3 , b = 2 and 55. (b) Let cos = A Þ cos A = Þ sin A =
5 5 5
c= 6 12 12 5
-1 = B Þ cos B =
Let cos Þ sin B =
13 13 13
( ) ( )
2 2
a 2 + c 2 - b2 1+ 3 + 6 - 4
So, cos B = = æ -1 4 12 ö
2ac 2 1+ 3 6 ( )( ) Now, cos ç cos
è 5
+ cos-1 ÷ = cos(A + B)
13 ø
= cosA cosB – sinA sinB
2 3+6 3+ 3
= = æ 4 öæ 12 ö æ 3 öæ 5 ö 33
2 6 + 18 6 +3 2 = ç ÷ç ÷ - ç ÷ç ÷ =
è 5 øè 13 ø è 5 øè 13 ø 65
3 3+ 3 1 56. (d) Since A, B, C are in A.P.
= =
( 3+ 3 3 ) 2 2 \ 2B = A + C
Also, A + B + C = 180° Þ 2B + B = 180°
Þ B = 45° is the smallest angle. Þ 3B = 180° Þ B = 60°
(Q smallest side is b = 2) Now, we know

53. (b) C a 2 + c2 - b2
cosB =
2ac

a 2 + c2 - b2
a=8 b = 10 Þ cos60° =
2ac

1 a 2 + c2 - b 2
Þ = Þ ac = a2 + c2 – b2
B c =12 A 2 2ac
Þ b2 = a2 + c2 – ac
a 2 + b2 - c 2 164 - 144 1 -1 -1 æ 4 ö -1
cos C = = = 57. (a) Let sin (1) + sin ç ÷ = sin x
2ab 2 ( 8 )(10 ) 8 5
è ø
Let sin–1(1) = q Þ sinq = 1 Þ cosq = 0
b2 + c 2 - a 2 3
cos A = =
2bc 4 -1 æ 4 ö æ4ö 16
and sin ç ÷ = f Þ sin f = ç ÷ Þ cos f = 1 -
3 7 7 è5ø è5ø 25
Sin C = and Sin A =
8 4
 EBD_7346
M-242 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

9 3 a 2 + b 2 - c2
= = 61. (d) cos C =
25 5 2ab
\ sin –1x = q + f
Þ x = sin(q + f) = sin q cos f + cosq sin f
(18)2 + ( 24 )2 - ( 30 )2 9 + 16 - 52
Þ cos C = = =0
2 ´18 ´ 24 2 ´ 3´ 4
3 4
= 1´ + 0 ´
5 5 Now, sin C = 1 - cos 2 C = 1 - 0 = 1
Hence sin C = 1
3
Þ x=
5 -1 æ 2x ö
62. (d) Since a > 0, b > 0 and 2 tan –1 x = sin ç ÷
58. (c) Let A = tan –12, B = tan –13 and C be the angles of a è 1 + x2 ø
triangle. \ Given expression is 2 tan -1 a + 2 tan -1 b = 2 tan -1 x
By angle sum property, we have
æ a+b ö
tan -1 2 + tan -1 3 + C = 180° Þ 2 tan -1 ç -1
÷ = 2 tan x
è 1 - ab ø
-1 æ 5 ö a+b
Þ tan ç ÷ = 180° - C Þx=
è -5 ø 1 - ab
Þ tan -1 ( -1) = 180° - C
63. (a) A
3p 3p p
Þ = p-C Þ C = p- = 45° 60°
4 4 4
p
Hence, third angle is .
4 45° 30°
æ æ 5 öö B C
59. (c) Let sec 2 tan -1
ç ç ÷÷ D
è è 11 ø ø x

2æ
è
-1 æ 5 ö ö
= 1 + tan ç tan ç ÷ ÷
è 11 ø ø
(Q sec2 q - tan2 q = 1) ( 3 + 1)

From DADB, AD = BD = x
2 In DADC,
é æ -1 æ 5 ö ö ù 2
æ5ö
= 1 + ê tan ç tan ç ÷ ÷ ú = 1 + ç ÷ x
ë è è 11 ø ø û è 11 ø tan 30° =
3 +1- x
25 146 1 x
= 1+ = Þ = Þ 3x = 3 + 1 - x
121 121 3 3 +1- x
é æ3ö æ 4 öù Þ ( 3 + 1)x = 3 +1
60. (c) sin êsin -1 ç ÷ + sin -1 ç ÷ ú
ë 5
è ø è 5 øû
3 +1
x= = 1.
é -1 ïì 3 16 4 9 ïüù 3 +1
= sin êsin í 5 1 - 25 + 5 1 - 25 ýú
êë îï ïþúû 1 3 +1
Area of DABC = ´ ( 3 + 1) ´ 1 =
2 2
é -1 ì 3 3 4 4 üù
= sin êsin í ´ + ´ ýú æ 1 1 ö
ë î 5 5 5 5 þû +
-1 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö -1 ç 2 3 ÷
64. (c) tan çè ÷ø + tan çè ø÷ = tan ç 1 1÷
é -1 ì 9 16 ü ù 2 3 ç 1- ´ ÷
= sin êsin í + ý ú = sin éësin (1) ùû
-1
è 2 3ø
ë î 25 25 þ û

p æ5ö
= sin =1 -1 ç 6÷ -1 p
2 = tan ç 5 ÷ = tan (1) =
ç ÷ 4
è6ø
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-243

71. (a) According to sine rule,

éx+yù
65. (b) tan -1 ê
tan–1 x + tan –1y = ú , when xy < 1. a b c
ë1 - xy û = =
And if x < 0, y < 0 and xy > 1, then sin A sin B sin C

-1 æ x + y ö
a c
tan–1 x + tan–1 y = p + tan ç \ =
è 1 - xy ÷ø sin A sin C
66. (c) 1. Given, sin A + sin B = sin C c.sin A 2.sin 45°
Þ sin C = =
æ sin A sin B sin C ö a 2 2
a+b= c çQ By sine law, = = = K÷
è a b c ø
1 1 1
Here, the sum of two sides of DABC is equal to the = . = = sin 30°
third side, but it is not possible 2 2 2
(Because by triangle inequality, the sum of the length \ C = 30°
of two sides of a triangle is always greater than the 72. (c) In a DABC, we have
length of the third side) sin A – cos B = cos C Þ sin A = cos B + cos C
a+b>c A A æ B + Cö æ B - Cö
Þ 2sin .cos = 2cos ç ÷ .cos ç
2. Ratio of angles of a triangle 2 2 è 2 ø è 2 ø÷
A : B: C = 1 :2 : 3 [Q sin 2A = 2 sin A × cos A]
A + B + C = 180°
\ A = 30° æ B + Cö æ B - Cö
and cos B + cos C = 2cos ç ÷ .cos ç
B = 60° è 2 ø è 2 ø÷
C = 90°
the ratio in sides according to sine rule A A æ Aö æ B-Cö
Þ 2 sin .cos = 2 cos ç 90° - ÷ .cos ç ÷
a : b : c = sin A : sin B : sin C 2 2 è 2ø è 2 ø
= sin 30° : sin 60° : sin 90°
é æ B + Cö Aù
1 3 1 3 êQ A + B + C = 180° Þ èç 2 ø÷ = 90° - 2 ú
= , ,1 = : :1 Þ 1: 3 : 2 ë û
2 2 2 2
67. (b) 1. L.H.S. A A A æ B - Cö
Þ 2sin .cos = 2sin .cos ç
æ 1ö 2 2 2 è 2 ÷ø
tan -1 (1) + tan -1 ç ÷
è 2ø [Q cos (90° – q) = sin q]
æ ö A æ B - Cö
-1 ç1÷ -1 -1 p Þ cos = cos çè ÷
-1
(1) + cot 2 ø
= tan ç 1 ÷ = tan + cot 2 ¹ 2 2
ç ÷ B- C
è 2ø A
Þ =
So, L.H.S. ¹ R.H.S. 2 2
1 -1 æ 1 ö p Þ A+C =B ...(i)
2. sin–1 + cos ç ÷ = Also, A + C = 180° – B ...(ii)
3 è3ø 2
pü So, 180° – B = B
ì -1 -1
ísin x + cos x = ý Þ 2B = 180°
î 2þ \ B = 90°
68. (a) A + B + C = p
A
A+ B= p–C
cos (A + B) = cos (p – C) 73. (a)
cos (A + B) = – cos C
or cos (A + B) + cos C = 0 b = 2 cm
3p -1 æ 2p ö
69. (b) sin -1 sin = sin sin ç p - ÷
5 è 5 ø 60°
-1 2p 2p B C
= sin sin = a = (1 + 3 cm
5 5
Now as a > b
-1 3 -1 4 -1 3 3
70. (a) sin + sin = sin + cos -1 \ ÐA > ÐB
5 5 5 5
æ 3ö sin A sin B
-1 4 4 Now from Sine Rule, =
çè let sin = q Þ sin q = Þ cos q = ÷ a b
5 5 5ø
p sin A sin B
= =
2 1+ 3 2
 EBD_7346
M-244 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

sin 75 sin 45 8400 – 119

From option (a), =
1+ 3 2 –1 8330
= tan
120
6+ 2 1 1+
= 8330
(
4 1+ 3 ) 2 2
8281
2 12 + 4 = 4 + 4 3 –1 8330 8281
= tan = tan –1
4+ 4 3 =4+ 4 3 8450 8450
\ Option (a) is correct. 8330
p \ Option (c) is correct.
74. (c) tan–1 (1 + x) + tan–1 (1 – x) =
2
8281 8281 æ 1 ö
77. (d) x – y = tan –1 Þ tan –1 + tan –1 ç ÷
–1 é (1 + x ) + (1 – x ) ù p 8450 8450 è 99 ø
tan ê ú=
ëê1 – (1 + x ) (1 – x ) ûú 2
8281 1 828269
+
1+ x +1 – x p –1 8450 99 = tan –1 836550
Þ = tan = tan =1
1 – (1 + x ) (1 – x ) 2 1–
8281 1
´
828269
8450 99 836550
2 1
Þ = p
1 – (1 + x ) (1 – x ) 0 tan–1 = (1) =
Þ 1 – (1 + x) (1 – x) = 0 4
Þ (1 + x) (1 – x) = 1 \ Option (d) is correct.
1 – x2 = 1 é ù
x2 = 0 ê 2´ 1 ú
æ1ö
x= 0 78. (a) 2 tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 ê 5 ú
\ Option (c) is correct. è 5ø ê 2ú
ê1 - æç 1 ö÷ ú
æ1ö ëê è 5 ø ûú
75. (b) x = 4 tan–1 ç ÷
è5ø
-1 é 10 ù
= tan ê ú
é ù ë 24 û
ê 2 ú
é 1ù -1 æ 5 ö
= 2 ê 2 tan –1 ú = 2 ê tan –1 5 ú
= tan ç ÷
ë 5 û ê 2ú
ê æ 1 ö è 12 ø
1–ç ÷ ú
êë è 5 ø úû 1 pö
æ
Let tan ç 2 tan -1 - ÷ = x
è 5 4ø
æ2 ö
ç 5 ´ 25 ÷ 10 5
–1
÷ = 2 tan–1 = 2 tan–1 é æ 5 ö pù
= 2 tan ç
24 24 12 Þ tan ê tan -1 ç ÷ - ú = x
çç ÷÷ ë è 12 ø 4 û
è ø
æ 5ö p
Þ tan -1 ç ÷ - = tan -1 x
æ 5 ö è 12 ø 4
ç 2 ´ 12 ÷ –1 120 .
= tan–1 ç ÷ = tan
25 119 æ 5ö
çç 1 – ÷÷ Þ tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 (1) = tan -1 x
è 144 ø è 12 ø

é æ 5 ö ù
æ 120 ö –1 1 ê ç 12 - 1÷ ú
76. (c) x – y = tan –1 ç ÷ – tan -1 ê è ø ú = tan -1 x
è 119 ø 70 Þ tan
ê æ ö ú 5
ê1 + çè 12 ÷ø (1) ú
120 1 ë û
–
–1 119 70
= tan -7 /12
æ 120 1 ö Þ x= = -7 /17
1+ç ´ ÷ 17 /12
è 119 70 ø
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-245

79.
2
(
(a) sin –1x + sin–1y = sin–1 x 1 - y + y 1 - x
2
) = 1 + 2sin
Cé
ê
2ë
cos
A- B
2
- cos
A+ Bù
2 úû
If (–1 £ x, y £ 1) & (x2 + y2 £ 1) C A B
= 1 + 4sin sin sin
æ4ö 3 2 2 2
Þ sin -1 ç ÷ + sin -1
è5ø 5 p
cos A + cos B + cos C = 3 sin
é 2 2ù 3
-1 ê 4 æ3ö 3 æ4ö ú
= sin 1 - ç ÷ + 1 - ç ÷ C A B p
ê5 è5ø 5 è5ø ú 1 + 4 sin sin sin = 3 sin
ë û 2 2 2 3
-1 é 16 9ù -1 p C A B 3
= sin ê + ú = sin (1) = Þ 1 + 4sin sin sin = 3 ´
ë 25 25 û 2 2 2 2 2
\ Statement (1) is correct A B C 3
Þ 4 sin sin sin = - 1
é x+yù 2 2 2 2
Again, tan -1 x + tan -1 y = p + tan -1 ê ú
ë1 - xy û A B C 1
If ; (x > 0), (y > 0) and (xy > 1) sinsin sin =
2 2 2 8
é ù
tan -1 ( 3 ) + tan -1 (1) = p + tan -1 ê1 -3 +31ú 82. (d) As we know that
A B C 1
ë û sin sin sin =
2 2 2 8

=p+ tan -1 ê (
é 3 +1 1+ 3 ù
ú
)( ) æ A+ B p C ö
Qç
(
ê 1- 3 1+ 3 ú
ë û )( ) è 2
= - ÷
2 2ø

æ 4+ 2 3 ö æ A+ B ö æ B+C ö æC + Aö 1
= p + tan -1 çç
- 2
-1
÷÷ = p + tan éë - 2 + 3 ùû ( ) \ cos ç
è 2 ø
÷ cos ç
è 2 ø
÷ cos ç ÷=
è 2 ø 8
è ø
-1
= p - tan 2 + 3 ( ) Q tan –1 (- x) = - tan –1 x 83. (b)
æ p pö
q Î ç - , ÷ for which tan -1 (tan q) = q .
\ Statement (2) is incorrect è 2 2ø
80. (b) Consider any equilateral triangle: Hence, statement (1) is incorrect.
c = b = a = 1 unit if x £ 1; y £ 1& x 2 + y 2 £ 1
3
Take value of p between 1 & 2 i.e., -1 -1 –1 é 2 2ù
2 \ sin ( x ) - sin y = sin ê x 1 - y - y 1 - x ú
ë û
1 1 1 2 2 2
\ a p + b p - c p = (1) 3 + (1) 3 - (1) 3
-1 1 1
Þ sin - sin -1
=1+1–1=1>0 3 5
Take value of p greater than 2 i.e; 3.
é1 1 1 1ù
1 1 1 1 1 1 = sin -1 ê 1 - - 1- ú
\ a + b - c = (1) + (1) - (1) = 1 > 0.
p p p 3 3 3
ë3 25 5 9û
\ By considering all the options carefully; we came to
é 1 1 ù
a conclusion that opton (b) is correct. = sin -1 ê 24 - 8ú
ë 3 ´ 5 5 ´ 3 û
p
81. (c) Given cos A + cos B + cos C = 3 sin
3 é 8´3 - 8 ù -1 é 2 2( 3 - 1) ù
= sin -1 ê ú = sin ê ú
cos A + cos B + cos C ë 15 û ë 15 û
A+ B A- B æ Cö Hence, statement (2) is correct.
= 2cos .cos + ç1 - 2sin 2 ÷ 84. (d) Statement-1
2 2 è 2ø
C A-B C æ -1 -1 -1 x + y ö
= 2 sin
2
cos
2
+ 1 - 2sin 2
2
Q çè tan x + tan y = tan 1 - xy ÷ø

æ A+ B Cö
çQ = 90° - ÷
x+
1
è 2 2ø 1
tan -1
x + tan -1
= tan -1 x
Cé A- B Cù x 1
= 1 + 2sin cos - sin ú 1 - x.
ê
2ë 2 2û x
 EBD_7346
M-246 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
86. (d) We know that
x2 + 1
= tan -1
0 2 cos –1 x = cos –1 (2 x 2 –1)
here, x = 0.8
p
= tan -1 ¥ = tan -1 tan
2 \ 2cos –1 (0.8) = cos –1(2(0.8)2 –1)

1 p = cos –1 (0.28)
tan -1 x + tan -1 =
x 2
Now, cos (cos –1 ( x )) = x.
Statement (1) is wrong.
Statement 2, \ cos(cos –1(0.28)) = 0.28
p
sin -1 x + cos -1 y = ( x , y) Î (–1, 1)
2 87. (b) In triangle ABC, A + B + C = p
Only when x = y
A+B+C p A B C p
Here x ¹ y . Þ = Þ + + =
Statement (2) is also wrong. 2 2 2 2 2 2
85. (b) Q ABC is an equilateral triangle. B C p A
\ A = B = C = 60° Þ + = - ...(i)
2 2 2 2
L.H.S. = 3 tan (A + B) tan C
= 3 tan 120° tan 60° æ B+ Cö æp Aö A
Þ sin ç ÷ = sin ç - ÷ = cos
= 3(- 3)( 3) è 2 ø è2 2 ø 2
= –9 ¹ 1
æ B+C ö æp Aö A
Hence statement (1) is incorrect. Also, from (i), tan ç ÷ = tan ç - ÷ = cot
Statement-2 è 2 ø è2 2 ø 2
ABC is a triangle such that A = 78° and B = 66°
-1 æ 3ö -1 æ 1 ö
C = 180 – (78 + 66) = 180 – 144 = 36° 88. (b) sin ç ÷ + tan ç ÷
è 5ø è 7ø
A 78
+C = + 36°
2 2
= 39 + 36 = 75°
5
æA ö 3
tan ç + C ÷ < tan A
è2 ø
Þ tan 75° < tan 78°
Hence statement (2) is correct. q
Statement (3) 4
In a triangle ABC 3
A + B + C = 180° sin q =
5
A + B = 180° – C
3
A + B 180° - C tan q =
= 4
2 2
A+ B æ 3ö æ1ö
Þ = 90 -
C = tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷
2 2 è 4ø è7ø
æ A+ B ö æ Cö æ 3 1 ö
Þ tan ç ÷ = tan ç 90 - ÷ +
è 2 ø è 2ø -1 ç 4 7 ÷
= tan ç ÷
æ A+ B ö C çç 1 - 3 × 1 ÷÷
Þ tan ç ÷ = cot ...(1) è 4 7 ø
è 2 ø 2
æ A+ B ö C C C C æ 21 + 4 ö
\ tan ç ÷ .sin = cot .sin = cos
è 2 ø 2 2 2 2 -1 ç 28 ÷
= tan ç ÷
çç 28 - 3 ÷÷
æ A+ B ö C C è 28 ø
Þ tan ç ÷ .sin = cos
è 2 ø 2 2
We can see that statement (3) is not correct. æ 25 ö p
= tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 (1) = .
Hence only 2nd statement is correct. è 25 ø 4
Properties of Triangle, Inverse Trigonometric Function M-247

æAö æCö 95. (a) ÐBAC = a, ÐBOC = b

89. (b) Given, a – 2b + c = 0 Þ a + c = 2b cot ç ÷ cot ç ÷
è2ø è2ø A

a
s (s - a ) s (s - c) s2 s
= ´ = =
( s - b )( s - c ) ( s - a )( s - b ) ( s - b )2 s-b O
b
2s a +b+c 2b + b 3b B C
= = = = = 3.
2s - 2b a + b + c - 2b 2b - b b
We know, from figure,
sin 2 A + sin2 B + sin 2 C b = 2a
90. (a) Given, = 2.
cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C \ cos b = cos 2a
Let us take A = 30°, B = 60°, C = 90° 1 - tan 2 a
= .
sin 2 30° + sin 2 60° + sin 2 90° 1 + tan 2 a
cos 2 30° + cos2 60° + cos 2 90° æ 1ö æ 3ö
96. (b) tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷
è 4ø è 5ø
1 3
+ +1 -1 æ x + y ö
1+1 2 -1 -1
= 4 4 We know, tan x + tan y = tan ç
3 1
=
1
= = 2.
1 è 1 - xy ø÷
+ +0
4 4 æ 1 3 ö
ç +
So, the given triangle is right-angled triangle. So, tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ = tan -1 ç
1 3 4 5 ÷
÷
91. (b) The principal value of sin –1 x lies in it’s range. è 4ø è 5ø ç 1 - æ 1 ö æ 3ö ÷
çè çè 4 ÷ø çè 5 ÷ø ÷ø
-1 é -p p ù
The range of sin x is ê , ú . æ 5 + 12 ö
ë 2 2û
ç ÷
2 = tan -1 ç 20 ÷
3
92. (b) In DABC, a = 2, b = 3 and sin A = . ç1- ÷
3 è 20 ø
sin A sin B æ 17 ö
We know, = p
-1 ç
÷
a b = tan ç 20 ÷ = tan -1 (1) = .
17 4
2 ç ÷
è 20 ø
sin B
Þ 3= 97. (d) sin2A – sin2B – sin2C
2 3 = 2cos(A + B)·sin (A – B) + sin (2A + 2B)
= 2cos(A + B) sin (A – B) + 2sin(A + B) cos (A + B)
2 sin B 6 = 2 cos(A + B)[sin (A – B) + sin (A + B)]
Þ = Þ sin B = = 1
6 3 6 = –2cosC[2sin A. cos B]
Þ B = sin–1(1) ....(1) = – 4sin A cos B cos C
p -1 æ 2 x + 3 x ö p
= 98. (a) tan çè ÷=
. 1– 2 x.3 x ø 4
2
5x p
æ 2p ö æ æ pöö tan -1 =
93. (c) sin -1 ç sin ÷ = sin -1 ç sin ç p - ÷ ÷ 1 – 6x 2
4
è 3ø è è 3øø
5x
=1
æ pö p 1 – 6x2
= sin -1 ç sin ÷ = .
è 3ø 3 1 – 6x2 = 5x
94. (b) x, x – y, x + y are angles of a triangle. 6x2 + 5x – 1 = 0
tan (x – y), tan x, tan (x + y) are in G.P.
Now, x + x – y + x + y = p (Sum of angles in triangle (6x – 1)(x + 1) = 0
= 180° = p) 1
Þ 3x = p Þ x= , –1
6
p 1
Þx= . Þ x=
3 6
Here x = –1 rejected.
 EBD_7346
M-248 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
99. (b) y = cos–1 (sin x) 102. (c) Given, angles of triangle are in ratio 1 : 2 : 3
æp ö Consider, A = 30°, B = 60° and C = 90°
= cos–1 cos ç - x ÷
è2 ø a b c
We know, = =
p sin A sin B sin C
= -x
2 a b c
From question, slope of the curve m = tanq Þ = =
sin 30° sin 60° sin 90°
3p
\ tanq = –1 Þ q = a b c
4 Þ = =
1 3 1
4 5 p 4 4 p 2
100. (d) sin -1 + sec -1 - = sin -1 + cos -1 - 2
5 4 2 5 5 2
1 3
p p Þ a:b:c = : :1 = 1: 3 : 2
= - =0 2 2
2 2
103. (a) Let y = sec2 (tan–1 x)
2
-1 2p 1- q 2x
101. (b) sin - cos -1 = tan -1 Let tan–1 x = q Þ x = tan q
2 2 2
1+ p 1+ q 1- x
y = sec2q = 1 + tan2q = 1 + x2
Þ 2 tan–1p – 2 tan–1q = 2tan–1x
Þ tan–1p – tan–1 q = tan –1x dy d
\ = (1 + x 2 ) = 2x
p-q dx dx
-1
Þ tan = tan -1 x
1 + pq

p-q
Þx=
1 + pq
Height & Distance M-249

Height & Distance 13

1. A vertical pole with height more than 100 m consists of two 6. PT, a tower of height 2x metre, P being the foot, T being the
parts, the lower being one-third of the whole. At a point on a top of the tower. A, B are points on the same line with P. If
horizontal plane through the foot and 40 m from it, the upper AP = 2x + 1 m, BP = 192 m and if the angle of elevation of the
tower as seen from b is double the angle of the elevation of
1
part subtends an angle whose tangent is . What is the the tower as seen from A, then what is the value of x?
2 (a) 6 (b) 7
height of the pole ? (c) 8 (d) 9 [2008-I]
(a) 110 m (b) 200 m 7. The foot of a tower of height h m is in a direct line between
(c) 120 m (d) 150 m [2006-I] two observers A and B. If the angles of elevation of the top
2. The angle of elevation of the top of a pillar of height h at a of the tower as seen from A and B are a and b respectively
point on the ground at a distance x from the pillar is 30°. On and if AB = d m, then what is h/d equal to? [2008-II]
walking a distance 'd' towards the pillar the angle of elevation tan ( a + b ) cot ( a + b )
becomes 60°. Then, which one of the following is correct ? (a) (b)
( cot a cot b – 1) ( cot a cot b – 1)
3d tan ( a + b )
(a) x=d+h (b) x = cot ( a + b )
2 (c)
( cot a cot b + 1) (d) ( cot a cot b + 1)
5d 8. A man observes the elevation of a balloon to be 30°. He,
(c) x= (d) x = 2d [2006-II]
4 then walks 1 km towards the balloon and finds that the
3. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower EF (F being the elevation is 60°. What is the height of the balloon?
foot of the tower) as seen from a point A which is on the [2009-I]
same level as F, is a. On advancing towards the foot of the (a) 1 / 2 km (b) 3 / 2 km
tower the angle of elevation of the top of the tower as seen (c) 1 / 3 km (d) 1 km
from a point B such that AB = x, is b. If BF = y, h is the height 9. The angle of elevation from a point on the bank of a river of
p the top of a temple on the other bank is 45°. Retreating 50m,
of the tower and a + b = , then which one of the following
2 the observer finds the new angle of elevation as 30°. What
is correct ? is the width of the river? [2009-I]
(a) h2 = x2 + xy (b) h = y2 + xy2 (a) 50 m (b) 50 3 m
(c) h2 = y2 + xy (d) h = y + x2y [2006-II]
4. The lower 24 m portion of a 50 m tall tower is painted green (c) 50 /( 3 –1) m (d) 100 m
and the remaining portion red. What is the distance of a 10. Looking from the top of a 20 m high building, the angle of
point on the ground from the base of the tower where the elevation of the top of a tower is 60° and the angle of
two different portions of the tower subtend equal angles? depression of its bottom is 30°. What is the height of the
(a) 60 m (b) 72 m tower? [2009-II]
(c) 90 m (d) 120 m [2007-I] (a) 50 m (b) 60 m
5. What should be the height of a flag where a 20 feet long (c) 70 m (d) 80 m
ladder reaches 20 feet below the flag (The angle of elevation 11. The angle of elevation of the top of a flag post from a point
of the top of the flag at the foot of the ladder is 60°)? 5 m away from its base is 75º. What is the approximate height
(a) 20 feet (b) 30 feet of the flag post? [2010-I]
(a) 15 m (b) 17 m
(c) 40 feet (d) 20 2 feet [2007-II]
(c) 19 m (d) 21 m
 EBD_7346
M-250 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
12. Two poles are 10 m and 20 m high. The line joining their tops 20. Two poles are 10 m and 20 m high. The line joining their tips
makes an angle of 15° with the horizontal. What is the makes an angle of 15° with the horizontal. What is the distance
approximate distance between the poles? [2010-II] between the poles? [2012-I]
(a) 35.3 m
(c) 41 m
(b) 37.3 m
(d) 44 m (a) 10( 3 -1 m) (b) (
5 4+ 2 3 m )
13. From the top of a lighthouse 120 m above the sea, the angle
of depression of a boat is 15°. What is the distance of the (c) 20 ( 3 + 1) m (d) 10 ( 3 + 1) m
boat from the lighthouse? [2010-II] 21. The angle of elevation of a tower at a level ground is 30°. The
(a) 400 m (b) 421 m angle of elevation becomes q when 10 m moved towards the
(c) 444 m (d) 460 m tower. If the height of tower is 5 3 m, then what is q equal
14. A man standing on the bank of a river observes that the
to? [2012-I]
angle of elevation of the top of a tree just on the opposite
bank is 60°. The angle of elevation is 30° from a point at a (a) 45° (b) 60°
distance y m from the bank of the river. What is the height of (c) 75° (d) None of the above
the tree? [2011-I] 22. From the top of a building of height h meter, the angle of
(a) y m (b) 2y m depression of an object on the ground is q. What is the
distance (in meter) of the object from the foot of the building?
3y y [2012-I]
(c) m (d) m
2 2 (a) h cotq (b) h tanq
15. At a point 15 m away from the base of a 15 m high house, the (c) h cosq (d) h sinq
angle of elevation of the top is [2011-II] 23. The top of a hill observed from the top and bottom of a
(a) 90° (b) 60° building of height h is at angles of elevation a and b
(c) 45° (d) 30° respectively. The height of the hill is : [2012-II]
16. A tower of height 15 m stands vertically on the ground. h cot b h cot a
From a point on the ground the angle of elevation of the top (a) cot b - cot a
(b) cot a - cot b
of the tower is found to be 30°. What is the distance of the
point from the foot of the tower? [2011-II] h tan a
(c) (d) None of the above
(a) 15 3 m (b) 10 3 m tan a - tan b
24. From the top of a lighthouse 70 m high with its base at sea
(c) 5 3m (d) 30 m
level, the angle of depression of a boat is 15°. The distance
17. A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is of the boat from the foot of the lighthouse is: [2012-II]
surmounted by a vertical flag staff of height h. At a point P
on the plane, the angle of elevation of the bottom of the flag (a) (
70 2 - 3 m ) (
(b) 70 2 + 3 m )
staff is b and that of the top is a. What is the height of the
tower? [2011-II] (c) 70 ( 3 - 3 ) m (d) 70 ( 3 + 3 ) m
h tan b h tan b 25. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower of height H from
(a) (b) the foot of another tower in the same plane is 60° and the
tan a - tan b tan a + tan b
angle of elevation of the top of the second tower from the
h cos b h foot of the first tower is 30°. If h is the height of the other
(c) (d) cos ( a - b ) tower, then which one of the following is correct?
cos a - cos b
18. An aeroplane flying at a height of 300 m above the ground (a) H = 2h (b) H = 3h [2013-I]
passes vertically above another plane at an instant when (c) H = 3h (d) None of the above
the angles of elevation of two planes from the same point 26. A man walks 10 m towards a lamp post and notices that the
on the ground are 60° and 45° respectively. What is the angle of elevation of the top of the post increases from 30° to
height of the lower plane from the ground? [2011-II] 45°. The height of the lamp posts is : [2013-I]

(a) 50 m (b)
100
m (a) 10 m (b) ( 5 3 + 5) m
3
(c) (5 )
3 -5 m (d) (10 3 + 10 ) m
(c) 100 3 m (d) 150 ( )
3 +1 m
27. The shadow of a tower standing on a level plane is found to
19. The angle of elevation of the tip of a flag staff from a point 10 be 50 m longer when the Sun’s elevation is 30° than when it
m due South of its base is 60°. What is the height of the flag is 60°. The height of the tower is: [2013-I]
staff correct to the nearest meter? [2012-I]
(a) 15 m (b) 16 m (a) 25 m (b) 25 3 m
(c) 17 m (d) 18 m (c) 50 m (d) None of these
Height & Distance M-251

28. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from two places hcot q hcot p
situated at distances 21m. and x m. from the base of the (a) cot q – cot p (b) cot p – cot q
tower are 45° and 60° respectively. What is the value of x ?
[2013-II] 2htan p 2htan q
(c)tan p – tan q (d) tan q – tan p
(a) 7 3 (b) 7 - 3
37. A moving boat is observed from the top of a cliff of 150 m
(c) 7 + 3 (d) 14 height. The angle of depression of the boat changes from
29. A person standing on the bank of a river observes that the 60° to 45° in 2 minutes. What is the speed of the boat in
angle subtended by a tree on the opposite of bank is 60°. metres per hour? [2016-II]
When he retires 40 m. from the bank, he finds the angle to be 4500
30°. What is the breadth of the river ? [2013-II] 4500( 3 – 1)
(a) (b)
(a) 60 m (b) 40 m 3 3
(c) 30 m (d) 20 m 4500( 3 +1)
(c) 4500 3 (d)
30. From an aeroplane above a straight road the angle of 3
depression of two positions at a distance 20 m apart on the 38. From the top of a lighthouse, 100 m high, the angle of
road are observed to be 30° and 45°. The height of the
aeroplane above the ground is : [2014-I] æ 5ö
depression of a boat is tan –1 ç ÷ . What is the distance
è 12 ø
(a) 10 3m (b) 10 ( )
3 -1 m between the boat and the lighthouse? [2017-I]
(a) 120 m (b) 180 m
(c) 10 ( )
3 +1 m (d) 20 m (c) 240 m (d) 360 m
31. A lamp post stands on a horizontal plane. From a point 39. The angle of elevation of a stationary cloud from a point
situated at a distance 150 m from its foot, the angle of 25 m above a lake is 15° and the angle of depression of its
elevation of the top is 30°. What is the height of the lamp image in the lake is 45°. The height of the cloud above the
post ? [2014-II] lake level is [2017-II]
(a) 25 m (b) 25 3 m
(a) 50 m (b) 50 3 m
(c) 50 m (d) 50 3 m
50 40. The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from the top
(c) m (d) 100 m
3 and foot of a pole are respectively 30° and 45°. If h T is the
32. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point 20 m height of the tower and hP is the height of the pole, then
away from its base is 45°. What is the height of the tower? which of the following are correct? [2017-II]
[2015-I] 2h P h T hT - hP hP
(a) 10 m (b) 20 m 1. = h 2P 2. =
(c) 30 m (d) 40 m 3+ 3 3 +1 2
33. The angles of elevation of the top of a tower standing on a 2 ( hP + hT )
horizontal plane from two points on a line passing through 3. =4+ 3
hP
the foot of the tower at distances 49 m and 36 m are 43° and
47° respectively. What is the height of the tower? [2015-I] Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 40 m (b) 42 m (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 45 m (d) 47 m (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
34. Two poles are 10 m and 20 m high. The line joining their tops 41. If a flag-staff of 6 m height placed on the top of a tower
makes an angle of 15° with the horizontal. The distance throws a shadow of 2 3 m along the ground, then what is
between the poles is approximately equal to [2015-II]
the angle that the sun makes with the ground? [2018-I]
(a) 36.3 m (b) 37.3 in
(a) 60° (b) 45° (c) 30° (d) 15°
(c) 38.3 m (d) 39.3 in
42. A spherical balloon of radius r subtends an angle a at the
35. A vertical tower standing on a levelled field is mounted with
eye of an observer, while the angle of elevation of its centre
a vertical flag staff of length 3 m. From a point on the field,
is b. What is the height of the centre of the balloon
the angles of elevation of the bottom and tip of the flag staff
(neglecting the height of the observer)? [2018-I]
are 30° and 45° respectively. Which one of the following
r sin b r sin b
gives the best approximation to the height of the tower ? (a) (b)
[2015-II] æ aö æ aö
sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷
(a) 3.90 m (b) 4.00 m è 2ø è 4ø
(c) 4.10 m (d) 4.25 m æ bö
36. The top of a hill when observed from the top and bottom of r sin ç ÷
è 2ø r sin a
a building of height h is at angles of elevation p and q (c) (d)
sin a æ bö
respectively. What is the height of the hill? [2016-II] sin ç ÷
è 2ø
 EBD_7346
M-252 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
43. A balloon is directly above one end of a bridge. The angle of 3h h
depression of the other end of the bridge from the balloon is (a) 2h (b) (c) h (d)
48°. If the height of the balloon above the bridge is 122 m, 2 2
then what is the length of the bridge? [2018-II] 45. The angle of elevation of a tower of height h from a point A
due South of it is x and from a point B due East of A is y. If
(a) 122 sin 48° m (b) 122 tan 42° m
AB = z, then which one of the following is correct ?
(c) 122 cos 48° m (d) 122 tan 48° m [2019-I]
44. The top of a hill observed from the top and bottom of a (a) h2 (cot2 y – cot2 x) = z2
p p (b) z2 (cot2 y – cot2 x) = h2
building of height h is at angles of elevation and (c) h2 (tan2 y – tan2 x) = z2
6 3
respectively. What is the height of the hill? [2018-II] (d) z2 (tan2 y – tan2 x) = h2

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 6 (c) 11 (c) 16 (a) 21 (b) 26 (b) 31 (b) 36 (b) 41 (a)
2 (b) 7 (b) 12 (b) 17 (a) 22 (a) 27 (b) 32 (b) 37 (b) 42 (a)
3 (c) 8 (b) 13 (c) 18 (c) 23 (b) 28 (a) 33 (b) 38 (c) 43 (a)
4 (d) 9 (c) 14 (c) 19 (c) 24 (b) 29 (d) 34 (b) 39 (b) 44 (b)
5 (b) 10 (d) 15 (c) 20 (b) 25 (c) 30 (c) 35 (c) 40 (c) 45 (a)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Let h be the height of pole, upper portion CD subtend
1 h
angle q at A. +
Þ 2 120 = h
1 h 40
Then, tan q = 1-
2 240
Let lower part BC subtend angle f at A then
2(60 + h) h
In D ABC, Þ =
(240 - h) 40
D
Þ 80 (60 + h) = 240 h – h2 Þ 4800 + 80 h = 240 h – h 2
2h/3 Þ h2 – 160 h + 4800 = 0 Þ (h – 120) (h – 40) = 0
Þ h = 120
C
[h = 40 is discarded, since h > 100 is given]
q h/3 2. (b) Let DC be the pillar of height h and A be the point at
f
A B
a distance x from pillar such that ÐCAD = 30°. On
40
walking a distance d towards pillar (point B) ÐCBD
= 60°. So, in DBCD,
BC h /3 h
tan f = = = CD
AB 40 120 tan 60° =
BC
In D ABD,
h
BD Þ 3=
tan(q + f) = x-d
AB
Þ h = 3 (x - d) ... (i)
tan q + tan f h
Þ =
1 - tan q tan f 40
Height & Distance M-253

D 4. (d)

B
h painted red
26 m
30° 60° C 50 m
A
d B 2–d C q/2
x 24 m painted green
and in DACD, q/2
CD P A
tan 30° = x
AC
Let the distance, be x, and angle
1 h APB = q, then ÐBPC = ÐAPC = q/2
Þ =
3 x In triangle D APB,
Þ x =h 3 AB 50
tan q = = ...(1)
Þ x = 3 (x – d) (using Eq. (i)) x x
Þ x = 3x – 3d and in triangle APC
Þ 2x = 3d
q AC 24
3d tan = = ...(2)
Þ x= 2 x x
2
3. (c) Let EF be the height of the tower, and FB = Y, AB = x q
2 tan
and EF = h. 2
tan q = ...(3)
In DBEF, q
1 - tan 2
EF 2
tan b =
BF q
Putting the value of tan q and tan
h 2
tan b = ...(i)
y From equation (1) and (2) in equation (3),
E
24
2´
50 x
=
x 2
æ 24 ö
h 1- ç ÷
è xø

a b
x2
A B
F or, 50 = 48 ´
x y x x x 2 - (24) 2
and in DAFE,
or, 50{x2 – (24)2} = 48x2
EF or, 50x2 – 50 ×(24)2 = 48x2
tan a =
AF or, 2x2 = (24)2 × 50
h x = 25 × (24)2
Þ tan a = ,
x+y x = | 5 × 24 | = 120 m
Such a point can exist on the either side of the tower.
æp ö h æ pö 5. (b) In DABD,
Þ tan ç - b ÷ = ç Given that a + b = ÷ D
è2 ø x+y è 2ø
BD
tan 60° = 20
h AB
Þ cot b = ... (ii)
x+y
h
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Þ 3= C h
AB
h h h
tan b.cot b = . (Q tan b × cot b = 1) Þ AB =
y (x + y) 20°
3
Þ xy + y2 = h2 60°
A B
 EBD_7346
M-254 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

h h
Þ AB = 3 tan a =
3 x
Now, in DABC Þ x = h cot a
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 In D CDB,
2 h
æ h ö tan b =
Þ 20 2 = ç + (h - 20) 2
è 3 ÷ø d-x

Þ h2 + 3h2 – 120h = 0 Þ d - x = h cot b

Þ 4h2 – 120h = 0 From equations (i) and (ii), we get
Þ h (h –30) = 0 d = h(cot a + cot b)
h = 0 or 30
We know,
h = 0 not possible
Þ h = 30 ft cot a cot b - 1
cot(a + b) =
6. (c) Let PT be the tower such that cot b + cot a
PT = 2x m, AP = 2x+ 1m
cot a cot b - 1
A and B are two points joining foot of the tower. Þ cot b + cot a =
cot( a + b)
T is top of the tower.
T
é cot a cot b - 1 ù
\ d = h ê cot( a + b) ú
ë û

h cot(a + b)
2x Þ d = cot a cot b - 1

8. (b) Let the height of the balloon be h and new distance

between BC be y as shown in figure given below,
q 2q D
A P
B 192
2x+1
Also, given BP = 192 m, ÐTAP = q and ÐTBP = 2 q h
In DPTA
30° 60°
PT 2x 1 A C
tan q = Þ tan q = x +1 = 1 km B y
AP 2 2
Now, in DPTB CD
tan 60° =
BC
PT 2x
tan 2q = =
PB 192 h
Þ 3= Þ h = 3y
y
æ1ö
2ç ÷
2x 2x 4
Þ è2ø =
1 x CD
Þ = Þ ´ 192 = 2 and now in DADC, tan 30° =
1 192 3/ 4 192 3
1– AC
4
1 h
2 x = 256 Þ =
3 1+ y
Þ 2 x = 28 Þ x = 8
7. (b) Let AD = x C Þ 1 + y = h 3 Þ 1 + y = 3y

\ DB = d – x 1
Þ y=
In D ADC, 2

h 3
\ h=
a b 2
A D
B
x d–x
Height & Distance M-255

AB æ tan A + tan B ö
9. (c) In DABC, tan 45° =
BC çQ tan ( A + B ) = ÷
è 1 - tan A tan B ø
A
( )
2
3 +1 h 3 +1
Þ = Þh= ´5
( )
2
3 -1 5 3 - (1)
2

æ 3 +1+ 2 3 ö
30° 45° Þ h = 5ç
ç ÷ =5 2 + 3
3 - 1 ÷ø
( )
D C è
50m x B
= 5 × 3.732 = 18.660
h
Þ 1= = 19 m (approx.)
x
Þ h=x ...(i) 12. (b) Let AC and ED be two poles of height 20m and 10m
Now, in DABD, respectively.

AB Let ÐAEB = 15°

tan 30° = To find : DC.
BD
A
1 h
Þ =
3 x + 50
Þ x + 50 = h 3
E 15°
Þ h + 50 = h 3 [from Eq. (i)] B
20m
50 10m
Þ h= m
3 -1 F
C
D
AD
10. (d) In DABD, tan 30º = h
AB 60º Now, AB = AC – BC = AC – ED = 20 – 10 = 10 m.
D C
1 AD Now in DABE, (Q BC = ED)
Þ =
3 AB 20m AB
20m tan15° =
1 20 BE
Þ =
3 AB 30º
A B 10
Þ tan (45° – 30°) =
Þ AB = 20 3 m. BE
h b
In DDCF, tan 60º = Þ 3= tan 45° - tan 30° 10
DC DC Þ =
1 + tan 45° tan 30° BE
Þ h = ( 3 )( 20 3 ) (Q AB = DC = 20 3)
Þ h = 60 m æ tan A - tan B ö
çQ tan(A - B) = ÷
\ Height of tower, BF = 60 + 20 = 80 m è 1 + tan A tan B ø
11. (c) Let h be the height of the flag post where BC is the
base.
3 -1 10
In D ABC, A Þ =
3 +1 BE
AB h
tan 75° = =
BC 5 æ 3 + 1 ö 10 ´ ( 3 + 1) 2
h Þ BE = 10 çç
h ÷÷ =
Þ tan ( 45° + 30° ) = è 3 -1 ø 2
5
75° (By rationalizing)
tan 45° + tan 30° h C 5 B
Þ =
1 - tan 45° tan 30° 5 5(3 + 1 + 2 3) = 5(4 + 2 ´1.73) = 5 (4 + 3. 46)
Þ CD = BE = 5 × 7.46 = 37. 3 m
 EBD_7346
M-256 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
13. (c) Let AB be the light house of 120 m. and c be the boat. 15. (c) A
Let Ð DAC = 15° (Angle of depression)
In DABC
A
D
15° 15 m

q
120 m C 15 m B
Let AB be the house of height 15 m. Let B be the base
of house and C be the point 15 m away from the base of
15° a house. Let ‘q’ be the angle of elevation. So, in DABC,
C B
AB AB 15
tan15° = we have tan q = = =1
BC BC 15
Þ tan q = tan 45° ( Q tan 45° = 1)
AB
tan(45° - 30°) = Þ q = 45°
BC Hence, the angle of elevation of the top is 45°
tan 45° - tan 30° 120 16. (a) Let AB be a tower of height 15 m. Let B be the point on
Þ =
1 + tan 45° tan 30° BC the ground. Let ÐACB = 30° be the angle of elevation.
To find BC.
3 -1 120
Þ = A
3 +1 BC
æ ( 3 + 1)2 ö
Þ BC = 120 ç ÷ = 60(3 + 1 + 2 3)
ç 3 -1 ÷
è ø 15 m
= 60 (4 + 2 × 1.73)
= 60 × 7. 46 = 447.6 m ; 444 m
14. (c) Let DC be the tree of height h metre. Let a man is 30°
standing on the point B (bank of a river). C B
x
Let BC = x and angle of elevation i.e. ÐDBC = 60°. Let BC = xm.
Also, let AB = y and ÐDAC = 30°.
In DACD, AB 15
D In DABC, tan 30° = =
BC x

1 15
Þ = Þ x = 15 3 m
h 3 x

30° 60° D
A
y B x C
h
CD
tan 30° =
AC C
1 h
Þ =
3 x+ y 17. (a) x
Þx+y=h 3 ......... (i)
b a
and in DBCD, P
B
CD h
tan 60° = Þ 3 =
BC x Let BC be the vertical tower and CD be the flagstaff so
h that CD = h
Þx= ......... (ii)
3 Let P be the point of observation on the plane.
From eqns. (i) and (ii),
Then, ÐBPC = b and ÐBPD = a
h Let BC = x
+y=h 3
3
PB
æ 1 ö 2h 3y Now, = cot b Þ PB = x cotb ...(1)
Þ y = hç 3 - ÷= Þh= m x
è 3ø 3 2
Height & Distance M-257

PB tan 45° - tan 30° C

and = cota Þ PB = (x + h) cota ...(2) =
x+h 1 + tan 45° tan 30°
10
From (1) and (2), we get 1 15 E
1- A
xcotb = (x + h) cota Þ x(cotb – cota) = hcota 3 20 m
=
\ Height of the tower, 1
1+
3 10 m
h cot a h tan b
x= = 3 -1
cot b - cot a tan a - tan b 10
=
AE 3 +1 B D

18. (c) P 10 ( 3 +1 )´
AE =
3 -1
3 +1
3 +1
(
= 5 4+ 2 3 )
Q 21. (b) Let BC be the tower of height 5 3 m
300 Let AD = 10 m

C
45° 60°
A O

Let P and Q be the positions of two aeroplanes when Q 5 3m

is vertically below P and OP = 300 m
Let the angles of elevation of P and Q at a point A on
the ground be 60° and 45° respectively. 30 q
\ In D AOQ, A 10 m D B
OQ In D ABC,
tan45° = Þ OA = OQ
OA
In D AOP, BC
= tan 30°
AB
OP 300
tan 60° = = = 3
OA OA BC 5 3
Þ AB = = = 15
300 tan 30° 1 / 3
Þ OA = = 100 3
3 Given
Hence, OQ = 100 3 m AD = 10 m
19. (c) Let ‘A’ be the top of the flag staff. \ DB = (15 – 10)m = 5 m
Let ‘x’ be the height of the flag staff. A In D BCD,
x
In DABC, tan 60° = BC
10 = tan q
x BD
x
3=
10 5 3
60° = tan q Þ tan q = 3
x = 10 3 = 10 × 1.732 5
C 10 m B
= 17.32 @ 17 Þ q = 60°
20. (b) Let AB and CD be two poles of height 10 m and 20 m
respectively. A
22. (a)
In DAEC, q
CE
= tan15°
AE h
10
= tan ( 45° - 30° )
AE
q
B C
 EBD_7346
M-258 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Let AB be the building of height h meter. Let ‘q’ be the
( )
2
angle of depression. 3 -1 3 -1 4-2 3
To find: BC = = =
3 +1 2 2
AB
In D ABC, = tan q
BC tan 15° = 2 - 3
h From (i)
Þ = tan q Þ BC = hcotq
BC
2+ 3
23. (b)
C x=
2- 3
70
´
2+ 3
(
= 70 2 + 3 m )
25. (c) Let AB be the tower of height H.
H–h
Let CD be the tower of height h.
H
A a L Let x be the distance between the AB and CD.
B
BUILDING

h h
b H D
B D
In DBDC, h

CD H 30° 60°
tan b = = A x C
BD BD
H H h 1
BD = = H cot b ...(i) from DABC, = 3 and from DACD, =
tan b x x 3
In DALC,
H
CL H - h Þ = 3 Þ H = 3h .
tan a = = h
AL BD
BD = (H – h) cot a ...(ii)
from (i) & (ii), 26. (b)
A
(H – h) cot a = H cot b.
H cot a – h cot a = H cot b.
H [cot a – cot b] = h cot a.
h cot a
H=
cot a - cot b

24. (b) A 45° 30°

B D
C
x h
70 m
Let AB be the lamp post of height ‘h’. Let BC = x meter
In D ABC,
15°
C h h
B xm tan 45° = Þ 1= Þ x=h
x x
Let AB = lighthouse = 70 m and in DABD,
Let BC = distance of boat from lighthouse
h
i.e. BC = x m tan 30° =
x + 10
70
tan 15° = ...(i) 1 h
x Þ
3
=
h + 10
(Q x = h )
tan 15° = tan [45° – 30°]
Þ h + 10 = 3h
1
1-
tan 45° - tan 30° 3 æ 10 ö 10 3 + 10
= = Þ h =ç ÷m =
1 + tan 45° tan 30° 1 è 3 -1 ø 2
1+
3
Height & Distance M-259

27. (b) h
In DABC, tan 60° =
A x
h
Þ 3 = x Þh= 3x ...(1)
h
h
In DABD, tan 30° =
x + 40
60° 30°
B x C
50
D 1 h
Þ = Þ x + 40 = 3h ...(2)
Let AB be the tower and AC & AD be the shadows of 3 x + 40
the tower. Let h be the height of the tower. Putting value of h from equation (1), we get
h x + 40 = 3x
In D ABC, tan 60° = ...(i) x = 20 m
x
h 30. (c) A
In DABD, tan 30° = ..(ii)
x + 50
3 x + 50
(i) ¸ (ii) Þ = h
1 x
3
Þ 3 x = x + 50 45° 30°
Þ x = 25° x
B C D
Þ h = x 3 = 25 3 20 m
28. (a) A
AB h
In D ABC, tan 45° = =
BC x

h
1=
x
21m
h=x ...(i)
In DABD,
45° 60° AB
D tan 30° =
B C BD
21m xm
1 h
AD AD =
In DADB, tan 45° = = 3 x + 20
BD 21
AD = 21 m x + 20 = 3h
AD h + 20 =
In DADC, tan 60° = 3h
x
21 20 = ( 3 - 1) h
x= = m
3 7 3 20
h=
3 -1
29. (d) A
20 3 +1
= ×
3 -1 3 +1
h
20( 3 + 1)
= = 10( 3 + 1) m
2
30° 60°
D Hence the height is 10 ( 3 + 1) m
40m C x B
 EBD_7346
M-260 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
31. (b) In DABC, we have BC = 150 m, AB = h h
ÐC = 30° tan(90° – 47°) =
49
A
h
\ cot 47° = ... (ii)
49
h Multiplying equations (i) and (ii)

h h h2
tan 47º. cot 47º = ´ =1 =
30° 36 49 36 ´ 49
B 150m C h = 6 × 7 = 42 m
h \ Option (b) is correct
tan 30° =
150 34. (b) tan15° = DE/AE
1 h AE = 10cot15° ...(1)
Þ = cot(15°) = cot (45 – 30°)
3 150
150 cot 45° cot 30° + 1
\h = m =
3 cot 30° - cot 45°
150 ´ 3 D
= = 50 3 m
3
32. (b) In DABC, A
AB = h 10 m
BC = 20 m A 15°
ÐC = 45°
h E
AB
\ tan 45° = 10 m 10 m
BC
45°
B 20 m C C
h B
1= [Q tan 45° = 1]
20 1. 3 + 1
h = 20 m cot15° = = 2+ 3
3 -1
\ Height of the tower = 20 m
\ Option (b) is correct. Putting cot 15° in eq (1)
33. (b) AB = h (height of the tower) AE = 10cot15°
BD = 36 m
BC = 49 m
(
= 10 2 + 3 )
ÐD = 47° = 10(3.73) = 37.3 m
ÐC = 43° 35. (c) as ÐCPA = 45°
A C

3m

h
B

47° 43°
B 36 m D C x
49 m
Now, in DABD,
30° 45°
h P A
tan 47° = ... (i) x+3
36 m so AC = AP = x + 3
and in DABC, AB x
tan 30° = =
h AP x + 3
tan 43° =
49 m 1 x
=
3 x +3
Height & Distance M-261

x + 3 = 3x æ 5ö
38. (c) Given, angle of depression, q = tan -1 ç ÷

x=
3
´
( 3 +1 ) Top
è 12 ø

3 -1 ( 3 + 1) q

3 ´ 2.73 8.19
x= = = 4.095m » 4.1m 100
2 2
36. (b) q
x Boat
5
Þ tan q =
12
100 5
Þ =
H x 12
p 100 ´ 12
Þ x= = 240 m
Hill 5
Building

h 39. (b) PQ is the lake and A is the point of observation.

q Given, AP = 25m, ÐBAD = 15° and ÐDAC = 45°
B (Cloud)

d x
A 15°
D
Let height of hill = H 45°
& horizontal distance between building & hill = d 25m 25m
H H
tan q = Þd= = H cot q Q (Lake)
d tan q P
(H – h) x + 25
tan p = Þ d = (H – h) cot p
d C
Þ H cot q = (H – h) cot p Let BD = x
h cot p Then, DQ = AP = 25m and QC = BD + DQ = x + 25
H= Also, DC = DQ + QC = 25 + x + 25 = x + 50
cot p - cot q
DC x + 50
37. (b) In DADC, tan 45° = =
AD AD
x + 50
Þ1= Þ AD = x + 50 ....(1)
AD
150 m
3 -1
Also, tan15° = .
3 +1
45° 60° BD
In DABD, tan15° =
AD
y x
3 -1 x
Þ = (from (1))
150 150 3 +1 x + 50
tan 60° = Þx=
x 3 Þ ( x + 50 ) ( 3 -1 = x ) ( 3 +1 )
150
Also, tan 45° = Þ 3x - x + 50 3 - 50 = 3x + x
x+y
Þ x + y = 150 Þ 2x = 50 3 - 50 = 50 ( 3 -1 )
Þ y =150 – x = 150 –
150
3
Þ x = 25 ( 3 -1 )
Now, BQ = BD + DQ = x + 25
æ 3 - 1ö
Þ y = 150 ç ÷ = distance travelled
= 25 ( 3 - 1 + 25 )
è 3 ø
= 25 3 - 25 + 25
150( 3 - 1) 60 ( 3 - 1) = 25 3 .
Speed (in m/hr) = ´ = 4500
3 2 3
\ Height of the cloud above the lake = 25 3 m.
 EBD_7346
M-262 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
40. (c) Let the distance between tower and pole be ‘x’.
h+6
B In DACD, tan q = ...(2)
x+2 3
h h+6
from (1), (2), = Þ hx + 2 3h = hx + 6x
x x+2 3
Tower ht 30° D
h 6 3 3× 3
Þ = = = = 3.
hp Pole x 2 3 3 3

45° h
from (1), tan q = = 3 Þ q = 60°.
C x
A x
42. (a) Let ‘A’ be the position of eye.
h h
tan 45° = t Þ t = 1 Let ‘O’ be the centre of spherical balloon.
x x Let ‘h’ be the height of centre of balloon.
Þ ht = x.
h t - hp ht - hp D
1
Now, tan 30° = Þ = r
x 3 x O
r
1 ht - hp
Þ =
3 ht C
a
2
a
h 2
1 h t - hp
Þ = a
3 -1 (
ht - ht - hp ) b
A
B (Eye)
3 +1 ht - hp ht - hp hp
Þ = Þ = ....(1)
2 hp 3 +1 2
a OD r
So, statement ‘2’ is correct. From figure, in DOAD, sin = =
2 OA OA
ht - hp 3 +1 h t - h p + 2h p 3 + 1+ 4
= Þ = r
Now, hp 2 hp 2 Þ OA =
a ....(1)
sin
2
ht + hp 5+ 3
Þ = ....(2) OB h
hp 2 In DOAB, sin b = =
OA OA
So, statement ‘3’ is incorrect. Þ h = OA . sin b
r.sin b
41. (a) C =
a (from (1))
sin
6m 2
43. (a) Let the bridge is BC and height above the bridge
B
AB = 122 m.

h A
48°
q q
A D
x 2 3m
E
122 m
AB is the tower. BC is flag staff.
The angles made by the shadows of tower and flag staff are
same.
48º
h B C
In DABE, tan q = ...(1)
x
From DABC,
Height & Distance M-263

BC BC 45. (a)
cot 48° = =
AB 122
BC =122 . cot (48°)
=122 . cot (90° – 42°)
= 122 . tan 42°

44. (b) P

fig. (i) fig. (ii)

S p/6
T
H
h

p/3
R Q
B

From question, In DPQR and DPST.

fig. (iii)
H H–h
B= = from figure (iii), h 2cot2y = z2 + h2 cot2x
p p
tan tan
3 6 Þ z2 = h2 (cot2y – cot2x)
H
Þ =H–h
3
2
Þ H= h
3
3
Þ H= h
2
 EBD_7346
M-264 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Functions, Limit,
Continuity and
Differentiability
14
1. Let R be the set of real numbers and let f : R ® R be a x sin 5x
8. What is the value of lim [2006-II]
x2 x® 0 sin 2 4 x
function such that f (x) = . What is the range of f ?
1+ x2 (a) 0 (b)
5
(a) R (b) R – {1} 4
(c) [0, 1] (d) [0, 1) [2006-I] 5 25
(c) (d)
1 16 4
2. Let f (x) = . 9. If f (x) = (1 + x)5/x is continuous at x = 0, then what is the
18 - x 2 value of f (0) ?
(a) 0 (b) 1
f ( x ) - f (3) (c) ¥ (d) e5 [2006-II]
What is the value of lim ?
x ®3 x -3 10. Consider the following statements:
1 1. The function f (x) = greatest integer £ x, x Î R is a
(a) 0 (b) -
9 continuous function.
2. All trigonometric functions are continuous on R.
1 1 Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(c) (d) [2006-I] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
3 9
3. Let f (x + y) = f (x). f (y) and f (1) = 2 for all x, y Î R, where f (x) (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
is continuous function. What is f ' (1) equal to ? [2006-II]
(a) 2 ln 2 (b) ln 2 é f (x) ù
(c) 1 (d) 0 [2006-I] 11. If lim ê ú exists, then which one of the following correct
x ®a ë g( x ) û

é (1 + x) ù (3x + x 3 ) ?
4. Given f (x) = log ê ú and g (x) = , then what
ë (1 - x) û (1 + 3x 2 ) (a) Both lim f (x ) and lim g( x) must exist
x®a x® a
is f [g (x)] equal to ?
(a) – f (x) (b) 3[f (x)] (b) lim f (x ) need not exist but lim g( x) must exist
x®a x® a
(c) [f (x)]3 (d) – 3[f (x)] [2006-I]
(c) Both lim f (x ) and lim g( x) need not exist
sin | x | x®a x® a
5. What is the value of lim ?
x®0 x (d) lim f (x ) must exist but lim g( x) need not exist
x®a x® a
(a) 1 (b) – 1
[2006-II]
(c) ¥ (d) Limit does not exist
[2006-I] ì p
6. What is the equivalent definition of the function given by ïmx + 1 x£
2 is continuous at x = p , then
12. If f (x) = í p
ì2 x , x ³ 0 ïsin x + n x > 2
f (x) = í ? î 2
î0, x < 0
(a) f (x) = | x | (b) f (x) = 2x which one of the following is correct ?
(c) f (x) = | x | + x (d) f (x) = 2 | x | [2006-II] np
7. If f : R ® R+ such that f (x) = (1/3)x, then what is the value (a) m = 1, n = 0 (b) m = +1
2
of f–1(x) ?
(a) (1/3)x (b) 3x æpö p
(c) n = mç ÷ (d) m = n = [2006-II]
(c) log1/ 3 x (d) logx(1/3) [2006-II] è2ø 2
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-265

x–a x–b x–c

y 20. If + + = 3 , then what is the value of x?
b+c c+a c+b
13.
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) a + b + c (d) abc [2007-I]
21. If –x2 + 3x + 4 > 0, then which one of the following is correct?
(a) x Î ( –1, 4)
(b) x Î [ –1, 4]
(c) x Î ( ¥, –1) È ( 4, ¥ )
(d) x Î (– ¥, –1] È [ 4, ¥ ) [2007-I]
x
O 1
22. Given, f (x) = x + , then what is f2(x) equal to ?
x
The above curve shows the graph of a x under which one of
the following conditions ? x2 + 1 x
(a) + 2 (b) (x + 1 / x)2
(a) a ³ 1 (b) a > 1 x x +1
(c) 0 < a £ 1 (d) 0 < a < 1 [2006-II] (c) x4 + (1 / x4) (d) x2 + (1 / x2) [2007-II]

æ 2x ö ì1 x is a rational number
1+ x ö
14. If f (x) = log æç ÷, then what is f ç ÷ equal to ?
23. If f (x) = í
is an irrational number,
what is/are the
è 1 - x ø è 1- x2 ø î0, x
(a) (f (x))2 (b) 1 value(s) of (f of) ( 3) ?

æ1- x ö (a) 0 (b) 1

(c) 2f (x) (d) fç ÷ [2006-II] (c) Both 0 and 1 (d) None of these [2007-II]
è1+ x ø
24. A function f is defined as follows
15. If f (x) = ( x + 1)cotx is continuous at x = 0, then what is f (0)
equal to? æ1ö
f (x) = x p cos ç ÷ , x ¹ 0
(a) 1 (b) e èxø
f(0) = 0
1
(c) (d) e2 [2007-I] What conditions should be imposed on p so that f may be
e
continuous at x = 0 ?
x +2 (a) p = 0 (b) p > 0
æ x – 2ö
16. What is the value of lim ç ÷ ? (c) p < 0 (d) No value of p [2007-II]
x ®¥ è x + 2 ø
sin x
(a) 0 (b) e4 25. What is the value of lim ?
–2
x ®¥ x
(c) e (d) e–4 [2007-I]
17. If the derivative of the function (a) 1 (b) 0
(c) ¥ (d) – 1 [2008-I]
ì 2 x < –1
f (x) = í ax + b a x - bx ?
î bx 2 + ax + 4 x ³ –1 26. What is lim
x ®0
x
is every where continuous, then what are the values of a
æbö
(a) log æç ö÷
and b? a
(b) log ç ÷
(a) a =2, b = 3 (b) a =3, b = 2 èbø èaø
(c) a =–2, b = –3 (d) a =–3, b = –2 [2007-I] (c) ab (d) log (ab) [2008-I]
18. If f(x) is differentiable everywhere,then which one of the ì3x - 4, 0 £ x £ 2
following is correct? 27. Let f (x) = í
(a) | f | is differentiable everywhere î 2x + l, 2 < x £ 9
(b) | f |2 is differentiable everywhere If f is continuous at x = 2, then what is the value of l ?
(c) f | f | is not differentiable at some points (a) 0 (b) 2
(d) None of the above [2007-I] (c) – 2 (d) – 1 [2008-I]
19. Let f:R®R be defined as f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a ,b, c being fixed 28. If f (x) = x and g (x) = | x |, then what is (f + g) (x)
non-zero real numbers. Which one of the following equal to ? [2008-I]
statements is correct, in general?
(a) 0 for all x Î R (b) 2x for all x Î R
(a) If b2– 4ac > 0, then f–1(0) does not contain 0
(b) If b2– 4ac < 0, then f–1(0) must contain 0 ì 2x,for x ³ 0 ì 0, for x ³ 0
(c) If b2– 4ac > 0, then f–1(0) may contain 0 (c) í (d) í
î 0, for x < 0 î2x, for x < 0
(d) If b2– 4ac < 0, then f–1(0) may contain 0 [2007-I]
 EBD_7346
M-266 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
37. Consider the following statements: [2008-II]
1 æ pö
29. If g (x) = sin x, x Î R and f (x) = , x Î ç 0, ÷ what is x2
sin x è 2ø 1. lim exists.
x®0 x
(gof) (x) equal to ?
1 æ x2 ö
(a) 1 (b) 2. ç ÷ is not continuous at x = 0
sin (sin x) è x ø
x
1 æ 1 ö 3. lim does not exist.
(c) 2 (d)
sin ç ÷ [2008-I] x ®0 x
sin (x) è sin x ø
Which of the statements given above are correct?
30. Let f : R ® R be defined as f (x) = sin ( | x | )
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
Which one of the following is correct?
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
(a) f is not differentiable only at 0
(b) f is differentiable at 0 only 1
(c) f is differentiable everywhere 38. Let f ( x ) = . Then, what is lim f ( x ) equal to
1– 1– x x ®0
(d) f is non-differentiable at many points [2008-I]
[2008-II]
31. What is the inverse of the function y = 5log x ?
(a) 0 (b) ¥
(a) x = 51/log y (b) x = y1/log 5
(c) x = 5 log y (d) x = ylog 5 [2008-I] (c) 1 (d) –1

a + 2 x - 3x
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 32-33) : The following questions consist of 39. What is the value of lim ? [2008-II]
two statements, one labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other x ®a 3a + x - 2 x
as 'Reason (R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully 2 1
(a) (b)
and select the answers.
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct
3 (3 3 )
explanation of A. 2 1
(c) (d)
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
(3 3 ) 3

(c) A is true but R is false. DIRECTIONS (Qs. 40-41) : The following questions consist of
(d) A is false but R is true. [2008-I] two statements, one labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other
32. Assertion (A) : If f (x) = log x, then f (x) > 0 for all x > 0. as 'Reason (R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully
Reason (R) : f (x) = log x, is defined for all x > 0. and select the answers.
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct
æ1ö
33. Assertion (A) : f (x) = x sin ç ÷ is differentiable at x = 0. explanation of A
èxø
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct
Reason (R) : f (x) is continuous at x = 0.
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
34. If f ( x) = log | x |, x ¹ 0, then what is f¢ (x) equal to?
[2008-II] (d) A is false but R is true

1 1 40. Assertion (A) : The function [2008-II]

(a) x (b)
x f : (1, 2, 3) ® ( a, b, c, d ) defined by
f = {(1, a), (2, b), (3, c)} has no inverse.
–1 Reason (R) : f is not one-one.
(c) (d) None of these
x 41. Assertion (A) : y = 2x + 3 is a one to one real valued function.
35. lim e –1/ x
is equal to [2008-II] Reason (R) : x1 ¹ x2 [2008-II]
x®0

(a) 0 (b) ¥ Þ y1 ¹ y2 , y1 = 2 x1 + 3, y2 = 2 x2 + 3, for any two real

(c) e (d) does not exist x1and x2
36. Let g : R ® R be a function such that, g(x) = 2x + 5. Then, 42. The function f : R ® R defined by f(x) = (x2 + 1)35 for all x
Î R is [2008-II]
what is g–1(x) equal to? [2008-II]
(a) one-one but not onto
x –5
(a) (b) 2x – 5 (b) onto but not one-one
2
(c) neither one-one nor onto
5 x 5 (d) both one-one and onto
(c) x– (d) +
2 2 2
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-267

43. Let f : R ® R be a function defined as f(x) = x | x |; for each 51. Which one of the following functions f : R ® R is injective?
x Î R, R being the set of real numbers. Which one of the [2009-II]
following is correct? [2009-I]
(a) f ( x) = x for all x Î R
(a) f is one-one but not onto
(b) f is onto but not one-one
(b) f ( x ) = x2 for all x Î R
(c) f is both one-one and onto
(d) f is neither one-one nor onto (c) f (x) = 11 for all x Î R
44. What is the set of all points, where the function (d) f (x) = –x for all x Î R
x 52. The function f (x) = ex, x ÎR is [2010-I]
f ( x) = is differentiable? [2009-I]
1+ x (a) onto but not one-one (b) one-one onto
(c) one-one but not onto (d) neither one-one nor onto
(a) ( –¥, ¥ ) only
x+4
æ x+6ö
(b) ( 0, ¥ ) only 53. What is the value of lim ç ÷ [2010-I]
x ®¥ è x + 1 ø
(c) ( – ¥, 0 ) È ( 0, ¥ ) only (a) e (b) e 2
(c) e 4 (d) e 5
(d) ( –¥, 0 ) only
54. If f : R ® R, g : R ® R and g(x) = x + 3 and (fog) (x) = (x + 3)2, then
45. Let y(x) = axn and dy denote small change in y. What is limit what is the value of f (– 3)? [2010-I]
(a) – 9 (b) 0
dy
of as dx ® 0 ? [2009-I] (c) 9 (d) 3
dx
(a) 0 (b) 1 ( x – 1) 2
(c) anx n–1 (d) axnlog(ax) 55. What is the value of lim ? [2010-I]
x ®1 | x – 1 |

sin 2 ax (a) 0 (b) 1

46. What is lim (a, b are constants) equal to? (c) –1 (d) The limit does not exist
x® o bx
[2009-I]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 56-58) : Each item under List I is associated
(a) 0 (b) a
with one or more items under List II.
(c) a/b (d) Does not exist
List I List II
ì 3 x – 4, 0 £ x £ 2
47. If f(x) = í [2009-I] (Function) (Property)
î 2 x + l, 2 < x £ 3 A. sin x 1. Periodic function
is continuous at x = 2, then what is the value of l? B. cos x 2. Non-periodic function
(a) 1 (b) –1 C. tan x 3. Continuous at every point on
(c) 2 (d) –2 (– ¥, ¥)
48. A mapping f : R ® R which is defined as [2009-II] 4. Discontinuous function
f (x) = cos x; x Î R is 5. Differentiable at every point on
(a) One-one only (b) Onto only (– ¥,¥ )
(c) One-one onto (d) Neither one-one nor onto 6. Not differentiable at every point
on (– ¥, ¥)
3x 7. has period p
What is lim æç
x ö
49. ÷ equal to? [2009-II] 8. has period 2p
x®¥ 3 + x ø
è
æ pö
(a) e (b) e 3 9. increases on ç 0, ÷
(c) e –9 (d) e 9 è 2ø
50. Consider the following function f : R ® R such that æ pö
10. decreases on ç 0, ÷
f(x) = x if x ³ 0 and f(x) = –x2 if x < 0. Then, which one of the è 2ø
following is correct? [2009-II]
æp ö
(a) f(x) is continuous at every xÎR 11. increases on ç , p ÷
è2 ø
(b) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 only
(c) f(x) is discontinous at x = 0 only æp ö
12. decreases on ç , p ÷
(d) f(x) is discontinuous at every xÎR è2 ø
 EBD_7346
M-268 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
56. A is associated with [2010-I]
(a) 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 12 (b) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11 a x - bx
66. What is Lim equal to? [2010-II]
(c) 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11 (d) None of these x®0 x
57. B is associated with [2010-I]
(a) 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 12 (b) 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 ln a
(a) ln (ab) (b)
(c) 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 12 (d) None of the above ln b
58. C is associated with [2010-I]
(a) 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11 (b) 2, 4, 8, 9 æaö æbö
(c) ln ç ÷ (d) ln ç ÷
(c) 1, 4, 6, 7, 9 (d) None of these èbø èaø
67. If the function [2010-II]
59. Consider the following statements [2010-I]
x ( x - 2)
1. Every function has a primitive. f ( x) = ,x¹±2
2. A primitive of a function is unique. x2 - 4
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? is continuous at x = 2, then what is f(2) equal to?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1
(a) 0 (b)
2
x
60. The function f ( x ) = 2 from R to R is [2010-I] (c) 1 (d) 2
x +1
(a) one – one as well as onto
68. At how many points is th e function f ( x) = [ x]
(b) onto but not one–one discontinuous? [2010-II]
(c) neither one–one nor onto (a) 1 (b) 2
(d) one–one but not onto (c) 3 (d) Infinite
61. The function f(x) = x cosec x is [2010-I] 2 3
(a) continuous for all values of x 69. If f ( x ) = x + , x Î R, [2010-II]
3 2
(b) discontinuous everywhere –1
(c) continuous for all x except at x = np, where n is an then what is f (x) equal to?
integer 3 2 3 9
(d) continuous for all x except at x = np / 2, where n is an (a) x+ (b) x-
2 3 2 4
integer
62. Consider the following statements : [2010-II] 2 4 2 2
(c) x- (d) x-
I. f (x) = |x – 3| is continuous at x = 0. 3 9 3 3
II. f (x) = |x – 3| is differentiable at x = 0.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? 70. What is lim æç a 2 x 2 + ax + 1 - a 2 x 2 + 1 ö÷ equal to?
(a) I only (b) II only x®¥ è ø
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II [2011-I]
63. Consider the function f : R ® {0, 1} such that [2010-II]
1
{1, if x is rational
f ( x ) = 0, if x is irrational
(a)
(c) 2
2
(b) 1
(d) 0
Which one of the following is correct? 71. What is the value of k for which the following
(a) The function is one-one into function f(x) is continuous for all x? [2011-I]
(b) The function is many-one into
(c) The function is one-one onto ì x3 - 3 x + 2
ï , for x ¹ 1
(d) The function is many-one onto f ( x ) = í ( x - 1)2
cos ( ax ) - cos ( bx ) ï
64. What is the value of Lim ? îk , for x = 1
x®0 x2
(a) 3 (b) 2
(a) a – b (b) a + b (c) 1 (d) – 1
72. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
b2 - a 2 b2 + a 2
(c) (d)
2 2 function f ( x ) = x + x2 [2011-I]
65. If f(x) = 2x + 7 and g(x) = x2 + 7, x Î R, then what are values (a) f(x) is not continuous at x = 0
of x for which fog(x) = 25? [2010-II] (b) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
(a) – 1, 1 (b) – 2, 2 (c) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(d) None of the above
(c) - 2, 2 (d) None of these
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-269

73. Consider the following in respect of the function 81. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
f(x) = |x – 3|:
x2
1. f(x) is continuous at x = 3 function f ( x ) = for x ¹ 0 and f(0) = 0 ? [2012-II]
2. f(x) is differentiable at x = 0. x
Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2012-I] (a) f (x) is discontinuous every where
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (b) f (x) is continuous every where
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) f (x) is continuous at x = 0 only
(d) f (x) is discontinuous at x = 0 only
2 æ1ö
74. What is lim x sin ç ÷ equal to? [2012-I] x-2
x ®0 èxø 82. What is lim equal to ? [2012-II]
(a) 0 (b) 1
x ®2 x2 - 4
(c) 1/2 (d) Limit does not exist 1
(a) 0 (b)
æ x+2 ö 4
75. What is lim ç ÷ equal to? [2012-I]
x ® -2 è x 3 + 8 ø 1
(c) (d) 1
2
(a) 1/4 (b) –1/4
(c) 1/12 (d) –1/12 x +5
83. Let f : R ® R be a function whose inverse is . What is
76. If f [xy] = f [x] f [y] , then f [t] may be of the form: 3
(a) t + k (b) ct + k [2012-I] f (x) equal to ? [2012-II]
(c) tk + c (d) t k (a) f (x) = 3x + 5 (b) f (x) = 3x – 5
where k, c are constants (c) f (x) = 5x – 3 (d) f (x) does not exist
77. Which one of the following functions is differentiable for all 84. Consider the following statements : [2012-II]
real values of x? [2012-I] 1. If f (x) = x3 and g(y) = y3 then f = g.
2. Identity function is not always a bijection.
x
(a) (b) xx Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
x
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1 1 85. Let A = {x Î R | x ³ 0}. A function f : A ® A is defined by
(c) x (d)
x f (x) = x2. Which one of the following is correct ?
(a) The function does not have inverse [2012-II]
1 + x -1 (b) f is its own inverse
78. What is lim equal to ? [2012-II]
x ®0 x (c) The function has an inverse but f is not its own inverse
(d) None of the above
1 86. Consider the following statements in respect of a function
(a) 0 (b)
2 f (x) : [2013-I]
1 1. f (x) is continuous at x = a iff lim f ( x ) exists.
(c) 1 (d) - x ®a
2
1
2 (1 - cos x ) 2. If f (x) is continuous at a point, then f ( x ) is also
79. What is lim equal to ? [2012-II]
x ®0 x2
continuous at that point.
(a) 0 (b) 1/2 Which of the above, statements is/are correct?
(c) 1/4 (d) 1 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
80. Consider the following : (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1
1. lim exists. ïì x 2 , x>2
x ®0 x 87. Consider the function f ( x ) = í . Which one
ïî3x - 2, x £ 2
1
of the following statements is correct in respect of the above
2. lim ex does not exist. function? [2013-I]
x ®0
(a) f (x) is derivable but not continuous at x = 2.
Which of the above is/are correct? [2012-II]
(b) f (x) is continuous but not derivable at x = 2.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) f (x) is neither continuous nor derivable at x = 2.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) f (x) is continuous as well as derivable at x = 2.
 EBD_7346
M-270 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
88. Consider the following statements: 96. A function f : R ® R is defined as f (x) = x2 for x ³ 0 and
1 f (x) = –x for x < 0. [2013-II]
1. lim sin does not exist.
x ®0 x Consider the following statements in respect of the above
function :
1 1. The function is continuous at x = 0.
2. lim sin exists.
x ®0 x 2. The function is differentiable at x = 0.
Which of the above statements correct? [2013-I] Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
sin x - tan x 1 - cos x
89. lim equal to? [2013-I] 97. What is lim equal to ? [2013-II]
x ®0 x x®0 x
(a) 0 (b) 1
1
(c) –1 (d) 1/2 (a) 0 (b)
2
1- 1+ x (c) 1 (d) 2
90. What is lim equal to? [2013-I]
x ®0 x
cos x
(a) 1/2 (b) –1/2 98. What is lim equal to ? [2013-II]
(c) 1 (d) –1 x®0 p - x
91. Consider the following statements: (a) 0 (b) p
1. The derivative where the function attains maxima or
1
minima be zero. (c) (d) 1
2. If a function is differentiable at a point, then it must be p
continuous at that point. sin 2 x + 4 x
Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2013-I] 99. What is lim equal to ? [2013-II]
x ® 0 2 x + sin 4 x
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1
92. Let N be the set of natural numbers and f : N ® N, be a (a) 0 (b)
2
function given by f (x) = x + 1, x Î N. Which one of the
following is correct ? [2013-I] (c) 1 (d) 2
(a) f is one-one and onto 100. Let N denote the set of all non-negative integers and Z denote
(b) f is one-one but not onto the set of all integers. The function f : Z ® N given by
(c) f is only onto f (x) = x is: [2014-I]
(d) f is neither one-one nor onto
(a) One-one but not onto
93. Let f be a function from the set of natural numbers to the set
(b) Onto but not one-one
of even natural numbers given by f (x) = 2x. Then f is
(c) Both one-one and onto
[2013-II] (d) Neither one-one nor onto
(a) one to one but not onto
(b) onto but not one-one (1 + x) n - 1
101. What is lim equal to ? [2014-I]
(c) both one-one and onto x ®0 x
(d) neither one-one nor onto (a) 0 (b) 1
94. Consider the following functions : [2013-II] (c) n (d) n – 1
1. f (x) = ex, where x > 0
x
2. g(x) = x - 3 102. What is lim equal to ? [2014-I]
x ®0 1 - cos x
Which of the above functions is/are continuous ? (a) (b) - 2
2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1
(c) (d) Limit does not exist
2- x 2
95. What is lim 3 equal to ? [2013-II] DIRECTION (Qs. 103-104): For the next two (02) items that
x® 2 x - 8
follow :
1 1 1 - sin x
(a) (b) - Consider the function f ( x) =
8 8
(p - 2 x)2
1 1
(c) (d) - p æpö
12 12 Where x ¹ and f ç ÷ = l [2014-I]
2 è2ø
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-271

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

lim
p (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
103. What is x ® f ( x ) equal to ?
2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 111. The function f : N ® N, N being the set of of natural numbers,
(c) 1/4 (d) 1/8 defined by f (x) = 2x + 3 is [2014-II]
104. What is the value of l if the function is continuous at (a) injective and surjective
p (b) injective but not surjective
x= ? (c) not injective but surjective
2
(d) neither injective nor surjective
(a) 1/8 (b) 1/4
112. If f (x) = ax + b and g (x) = cx + d such that f [g(x)] = g [f(x)] then
(c) 1/2 (d) 1
which one of the following is correct? [2014-II]
f ( x) - 3 (a) f (c) = g (a) (b) f (a) = g (c)
105. If f(9) = 9 and f' (9) = 4 then what is lim equal to ? (c) f (c) = g (d) (d) f (d) = g (b)
x ®9 x -3
[2014-I] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 113-115): For the next three (03) items that
follow.
(a) 36 (b) 9
(c) 4 (d) None of these x -1
Consider the function f ( x) = . [2014-II]
106. Consider the following statements : [2014-I] x +1
1. The function f(x) = 3 x is continuous at all x except at f ( x) + 1
113. What = + x is equal to ?
x = 0. f ( x) - 1
2. The function f(x) = [x] is continuous at x = 2.99 where (a) 0 (b) 1
[.]is the bracket function.
(c) 2 x (d) 4 x
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
114. What is f (2x) equal to ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 f ( x) + 1 f ( x) + 1
(a) (b)
107. Consider the following statements : [2014-I] f ( x) + 3 3 f ( x) + 1
1. The function f(x) = x is not differentiable at x = 1. 3 f ( x) + 1 f ( x) + 3
The function f(x) = ex is not differentiable at x = 0. (c) f ( x) + 3 (d)
2. 3 f ( x) + 1
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? 115. What is f (f (x)) equal to ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) x (b) – x
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 108-110): For the next three (03) items that (c) - (d) None of these
follow. x
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 116-118) : For the next three (03) items that
Let f(x) be a function defined in 1 £ x < ¥ by [2014-I]
follow.
ìï 2 - x for 1 £ x £ 2
f ( x) = í ïì x - 5 x£3
2
2
ïî3x - x for x > 2. Consider the function f ( x ) = í [2014-II]
ïî x + 13 x>3
108. Consider the following statements :
1. The function is continuous at every point in the interval 116. What is lim f ( x ) equal to ?
(1, ¥ ). x ®3

2. The function is differentiable at x = 1.5. (a) 2 (b) 4

Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (c) 5 (d) 13
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 117. Consider the following statements :
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. The function is discontinuous at x = 3.
109. What is the differentiable coefficient of f(x) at x = 3 ? 2. The function is not differentiable at x = 0.
What of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) –1 (d) –3
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
110. Consider the following statements : 118. What is the differential coefficient of f (x) at x = 12 ?
1. f '(2 + 0) does not exist. (a) 5/2 (b) 5
2. f '(2 – 0) does not exist. (c) 1/5 (d) 1/10
 EBD_7346
M-272 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
119. Consider the function which of the above statements is/are correct?
ì tan kx (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
ï , x<0 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 or 2
f ( x) = í x
ï 3 x + 2k 2 , x ³ 0 3
î æ 1 + x ö ( ) 3x + x
128. If f ( x ) = log e ç ÷, g x = and g o f (t) =g(f(t)),
What is the non-zero value of k for which the function is è1- x ø 1 + 3x 2
continuous at x = 0?
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 æ e -1ö
then what is g o f ç ÷ equal to? [2015-I]
(c) 1 (d) 2 è e +1ø
120. Consider the following statements : (a) 2 (b) 1
1.The function f (x) = [x], where [.] is the greatest integer
function defined on R, is continuous at all points except at 1
(c) 0 (d)
x = 0. [2014-II] 2
2.The function f (x) = sin x is continuous for all x Î R . DIRECTIONS (Qs. 129-130): For the next two (2) items that
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? follow.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only Given a function
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
ì -1 If x£0
log 5 (1 + x) ï
121. What is lim equal to ? [2014-II] f ( x ) = íax + b If 0 < x <1
x ®0 x ï 1
î If x ³1
(a) 1 (b) log 5 e
where a, b are constants. The function is continuous everywhere.
(c) loge5 (d) 5
129. What is the value of a? [2015-I]
5x - 1 (a) –1 (b) 0
122. What is lim equal to ? [2014-II]
x ®0 x (c) 1 (d) 2
130. What is the value of b? [2015-I]
(a) loge5 (b) log 5 e
(a) –1 (b) 1
(c) 5 (d) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n 131. Consider the following functions: [2015-I]
123. What is lim equal to ? [2014-II]
n®¥ 12 + 22 + 32 + ...n2 1. f(x) = x3, x Î ¡
(a) 5 (b) 2 2. f(x) = sin x, 0 < x < 2p
(c) 1 (d) 0
3. f(x) = ex, x Î ¡
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 124-125): For the next two (2) items that
Which of the above functions have inverse defined on their
follow. ranges? [2015-I]
æ 2 + x2 ö (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
Given that lim ç - Ax - B ÷ = 3. (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
x ®¥ è 1 + x ø
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 132-133): For the next two (2) items that
124. What is the value of A? [2015-I]
(a) –1 (b) 1 follow.
(c) 2 (d) 3 Consider the function
125. What is the value of B? [2015-I] ì a cos x p
(a) –1 (b) 3 ïï p - 2 x If x ¹ 2
(c) –4 (d) –3 f ( x) = í
ï 3 p
G ( x ) - G (1) If x =
126. If G ( x ) = 25 - x 2 , then what is lim equal to? ïî 2
x ®1 x -1
[2015-I] p
Which is continuous at x = , where a is a constant.
2
1 1
(a) - (b) 132. What is the value of a ? [2015-I]
2 6 5
(a) 6 (b) 3
1 1 (c) 2 (d) 1
(c) - (d)
6 6 f (x ) equal to?
133. What is xlim
®0
[2015-I]
127. Consider the following statements: [2015-I]
1. f (x) = [x], where [.] is the greatest integer function, is (a) 0 (b) 3
discontinuous at x = n, where n Î Z .
3 6
2. f (x) = cot x is discontinuous at x = np , where n Î Z . (c) (d)
p p
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-273

1 2. The function f(x) = 1n ( 1 + x 2 - x) is decreasing in

134. If g(x) = and f(x) = x, x ¹ 0, then which one of the
f (x)
the interval (–¥, ¥)
following is correct [2015-II]
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) f(f(f(g(g(f(x)))))) = g(g (f (g(f(x)))))
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) f(f(g(3(g(f(x)))))) = g (g(f(g(f(x))))))
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) f(g(f(g(g(f(g(x)))))) = g (g(f(g(f(x))))))
141. If f : IR ® IR, g : IR ® IR be two functions given by
(d) f(f(f(f(f(f(x)))))) = f (f(f(g(f(x)))))
f(x) = 2x – 3 and g(x) = x3 + 5, then (fog)–1 (x) is equal to
f (x) - f (1) [2015-II]
135. If f(x) = 25 - x 2 , then what is Lim
x®1 x -1
equal to ?
[2015-II] 1 1
æ x + 7ö 3 æ x - 7ö 3
1 1 (a) çè ÷ (b) çè ÷
(a) (b) 2 ø 2 ø
5 24
1 1 1
(c) 24 (d) - æ 7ö 3 æ 7ö 3
24 (c) çè x - ÷ø (d) çè x + ø÷
2 2
136. Consider the function [2015-II]

ì ax - 2 for -2 < x < -1 sin(e x - 2 - 1)

ï 142. If f(x) = , then lim f (x) is equal to
f(x) = í -1 for -1 £ x £ 1 ln(x - 1) x ®2
ï 2 [2015-II]
îa + 2(x - 1) for 1< x < 2
(a) –2 (b) –1
What is the value of a for which f(x) is continuous at x = –1 (c) 0 (d) 1
and x = l ? 143. Consider the following statements : [2015-II]
(a) –1 (b) 1 Statement 1 : The function f: IR ® IR such that f (x) = x3 for
(c) 0 (d) 2 all x Î IR is one-one.
Statement 2 : f (a) Þ f (b) for all a, b Î IR if the function f is
1 - sin x + cos x
137. The function f(x) = is not defined at x = p. one-one.
1 + sin x + cos x Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
The value of f(p) so that f(x) is continuous at x = p is above statements ?
[2015-II] (a) Both the statements are true and Statement 2 is the
1 1 correct explanation of Statement 1.
(a) - (b) (b) Both the statements are true and Statement 2 is not the
2 2
correct explanation of Statement 1.
(c) –1 (d) 1
(c) Statement 1 is true but Statement 2 is false.
138. Consider the following functions : [2015-II] (d) Statement 1 is false but Statement 2 is true.
ì1 DIRECTIONS (Qs. 144-145) : For the next two (02) items that
ï if x¹0
1. f(x) = í x follow.
ïî 0 if x=0 Consider the function

ìï 2x + 5 if x>0 ì p
2. f(x) = í 2 ï -2sin x if x £ -
2
ïî x + 2x + 5 if x£0 ï
ï p p
f(x) = í A sin x + B if - < x <
Which of the above functions is/are derivable at x = 0 ? ï 2 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only ï p
ï cos x if x ³
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 î 2
1
139. The domain of the function f (x) = is [2015-II] which is continuous everywhere.
x -x 144. The value of A is [2015-II]
(a) [0, ¥) (b) (–¥, 0) (a) 1 (b) 0
(c) [1, ¥) (d) (–¥, 0] (c) –1 (d) –2
140. Consider the following statements : [2015-II] 145. The value of B is [2015-II]
1. 2
The function f (x) = x + 2cos x is increasing in the (a) 1 (b) 0
interval (0, p) (c) –1 (d) –2
 EBD_7346
M-274 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 146-147) : For the next two(2) items 152. What is the area of the region bounded by x-axis, the curve
that follow: 3
Consider the curves y = f(x) and the two ordinates x = 1 and x = ?
2
ì 3x
ï , x>0 7
f (x) = x | x | -1 and g(x) = í 2 [2016-I]
5
(a) square unit (b) square unit
ïî 2x, x £ 0 12 12
146. Where do the curves intersect?
2 11
(a) At (2, 3) only (c) square unit (d) square unit
(b) At (–1, –2) only 3 12
(c) At (2, 3) and (–1, –2) DIRECTIONS (Qs. 153-154) : For the next two (2) items that
(d) Neither at (2, 3) nor at (–1, –2) follow.
147. What is the area bounded by the curves?
Consider the equation x + |y| = 2y. [2016-I]
17 8 153. Which of the following statements are not correct?
(a) square units (b) square units
6 3 1. y as a function of x is not defined for all real x.
2. y as a function of x is not continuous at x = 0.
1
(c) 2 square units (d) square unit 3. y as a function of x is differentiable for all x.
3 Select the correct answer using the code given below.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 148-152) : For the next five (5) items (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
that follow. (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
154. What is the derivative of y as a function of x with respect to
Consider the function f (x) = | x - 1| + x 2 , where x ÎR.
x for x < 0?
[2016-I] (a) 2 (b) 1
148. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 1 1
(c) (d)
(b) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 1 2 3
(c) f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 DIRECTIONS (Qs. 155-156) : For the next two (2) items
(d) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0 and x = 1
that follow
149. Which one of the following statements is correct?
Consider the function f(x) = (x – 1)2 (x +1) (x – 2)3 [2016-I]
æ1 ö
(a) f(x) is increasing in æç -¥, 1 ö÷ and decreasing in ç , ¥ ÷ 155. What is the number of points of local minima of the function
è 2ø è2 ø f(x) ?
æ1 ö (a) None (b) One
(b) f(x) is decreasing in æç -¥, 1 ö÷ and increasing in ç ,¥÷ (c) Two (d) Three
è 2ø è2 ø
156. What is the number of points of local maxima of the function
(c) f(x) is increasing in ( -¥, 1) and decreasing in (1,¥ ) f(x) ?
(d) f(x) is decreasing in ( -¥, 1) and increasing in (1,¥ ) (a) None (b) One
(c) Two (d) Three
150. Which one of the following statements is correct?
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 157-158) : For the next two (2) items
(a) f(x) has local minima at more than one point in ( -¥, ¥ )
that follow.
(b) f(x) has local maxima at more than one point in ( -¥, ¥ )
a [ x]+ x - 1
(c) f(x) has local minimum at one point only in ( -¥, ¥ ) Consider the function f (x) = where [×] denotes the
[x] + x
(d) f(x) has neither maxima nor minima in ( -¥, ¥ ) greatest integer function. [2016-I]
151. What is the area of the region bounded by x-axis, the curve 157. What is lim f (x) equal to?
x ® 0+
1
y = f(x) and the two ordinates x = and x = 1? (a) 1 (b) ln a
2
(c) 1 – a–1 (d) Limit does not exist
5 5
(a) square unit (b) square unit 158. What is lim f (x) equal to?
12 6
x ® 0–

7 (a) 0 (b) ln a
(c) square units (d) 2 square units
6 (c) 1 – a–1 (d) Limit does not exist
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-275

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 159-160) : For the next two (2) items 166. Consider the following in respect of the function [2016-II]
that follow. ì 2 + x, x ³ 0
A function f(x) is defined as follows: [2016-I] f(x) = í
î 2 – x, x < 0
ì
ï 1. lim f ( x) does not exist.
x ®1
ï x+p for x Î [-p, 0)
ïï 2. f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
é pù
f (x) = í p cos x for x Î ê0, ú 3. f(x) is continuous at x = 0
ï ë 2û Which of the above statements is/are correct?
ï 2
ïæç x - p ö÷ for x Î æç p , p ù (a) 1 only (b) 3 only
ïîè 2ø ú (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
è2 û
159. Consider the following statements: x+ x
1. The function f(x) is continuous at x = 0. 167. Let f : A ® R , where A = R\ {0} is such that f(x) = .
x
p On which one of the following sets is f(x) continuous?
2. The function f(x) is continuous at x = .
2 [2016-II]
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) A (b) B = { x Î R : x ³ 0}
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
160. Consider the following statements: (c) C = { x Î R : x £ 0} (d) D = R
1. The function f(x) is differentiable at x = 0. DIRECTIONS (Qs. 168-169) : Consider the following function
p for the next two (02) items that follow.
2. The function f(x) is differentiable at x = .
2
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? ïì3x 2 + 12 x – 1 -1 £ x £ 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only f (x) = í [2016-II]
ïî37 - x, 2< x£3
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 161-162) : For the next two (2) items 168. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
that follow. 1. f(x) is increasing in the interval [–1, 2].
2. f(x) is decreasing in the interval (2, 3].
Let f(x) be the greatest integer function and g(x) be the
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
modulus function. [2016-I] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
æ 5ö æ 5ö (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
161. What is (g o f ) ç - ÷ - (f o g) ç - ÷ equal to?
è 3ø è 3ø 169. Which of the following statements are correct?
(a) –1 (b) 0 1. f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
(c) 1 (d) 2 2. f(x) attains greatest value at x = 2.
æ 9ö 3. f(x) is differentiable at x = 2.
162. What is (f o f ) ç - ÷ + (g o g) ( -2 ) equal to?
è 5ø Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) –1 (b) 0 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 (d) 2 (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
æxö DIRECTIONS (Qs. 170-172) : Consider the following for the
163. If lim f (x) = a 2 , where a ¹ 0, then what is lim f ç ÷ equal next three (03) items that follow.
x ®0 x ®0
èaø Let f (x) = [x], where [.] is the greatest integer function and
to? [2016-I]
(a) a 2 (b) a –2 g(x) = sin x be two real valued functions over R. [2016-II]
(c) –a 2 (d) –a 170. Which of the following statements is correct?
1
(a) Both f(x) and g(x) are continuous at x = 0.
-
x2
(b) f(x) is continuous at x = 0, but g(x) is not continuous at
164. What is lim e equal to? [2016-I] x = 0.
x ®0
(a) 0 (c) g(x) is continuous at x = 0, but f(x) is not continuous at
(b) 1 x = 0.
(c) –1 (d) Both f(x) and g(x) are discontinuous at x = 0.
(d) Limit does not exist 171. Which one of the following statements is correct?
1 (a) lim (fog)(x) exists
165. What is the domain of the function f(x) = ? x ®0
x –x (b) lim (gof)(x)exists
x ®0
[2016-II]
(c) lim (fog)(x) = lim (gof)(x)
(a) ( - ¥, 0) (b) ( 0, ¥ ) x ®0+ x ®0 –

(c) 0 < x < 1 (d) x > 1 (d) lim (fog) (x) = lim (gof )(x)
x ®0+ x ®0+
 EBD_7346
M-276 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
172. Which of the following statements are correct? (a) [0, p] and [–1, 1]
1. (fof) (x) = f(x).
é p pù
ê - 2 , 2 ú and [ -1,1]
2. (gog) (x) = g(x) only when x = 0.
(b)
3. (go (fog)) (x) can take only three values. ë û
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (c) [0, p] and (–1, 1)
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(d) [0, p] and [0, 1]
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 173-174) : Consider the following for the x ¦ (a)
180. If ¦ ( x ) = , then what is equal to?
next two (02) items that follow. x -1 ¦ ( a + 1)
[2016-II] [2017-I]
ì ex – 1
ï
Let f(x) = í x
, x>0
be a real valued function.
(a) ¦ ç -
æ a ö
÷
è a +1 ø
(b) ¦ a ( )
2

ï0, x=0 æ1ö

î (c) ¦ ç ÷ (d) ¦ ( -a )
173. Which one of the following statements is correct? èaø
(a) f(x) is a strictly decreasing function in (0, x), 181. Let ¦ : [–6, 6] ® R be defined by ¦ (x) = x2 – 3. Consider the
(b) f(x) is a strictly increasing function in (0, x), following : [2017-I]
1. (¦ ° ¦ ° ¦ ) (–1) = (¦ ° ¦ ° ¦ ) (1)
(c) f(x) is neither increasing nor decreasing in (0, x)
2. (¦ ° ¦ ° ¦ ) (–1) –4 (¦ ° ¦ ° ¦ ) (1) = (¦ ° ¦) (0)
(d) f(x) is not decreasing in (0, x).
Which of the above is/are correct?
174. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
1. f(x) is right continuous at x = 0.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
182. Let ¦(x) = px + q and g(x) = mx + n. Then ¦ (g (x)) = g (¦ (x)) is
Select the correct answer using the code given below: equivalent to [2017-I]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) ¦ (p) = g (m) (b) ¦ (q) = g (n)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) ¦ (n) = g (q) (d) ¦ (m) = g (p)
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 175-177) : Consider the following for the
F ( x ) - F (1)
next three (03) items that follow. 183. If F(x) = 9 - x 2 , then what is lim equal to?
x ®1 x -1
ì –2, –3 £ x £ 0 [2017-I]
Let f(x) = í and g(x) = f ( x ) + f(x) 1
î x – 2, 0<x£3 1
(a) - (b)
4 2 8
[2016-II]
175. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 1
(c) - (d)
1. g(x) is differentiable at x = 0. 2 2 2 2
2. g(x) is differentiable at x = 2. ì x, x is rational
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 184. Let ¦ ( x ) : í [2017-I]
î0, x is irrational
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
and
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
176. What is the value of the differential coefficient of g(x) at x = –2? ì0, x is rational
g(x) : í
(a) –1 (b) 0 î x, x is irrational
(c) 1 (d) 2 If ¦ : R ® R and g : R ® R, then (¦ – g) is
177. Which of the following statements are correct? (a) one-one and into
1. g(x) is continuous at x = 0. (b) neither one-one nor onto
2. g(x) is continuous at x = 2. (c) many-one and onto
(d) one-one and onto
3. g(x) is continuous at x = –1.
185. Let ¦ (x) be defined as follows : [2017-I]
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only ì2x + 1, - 3 < x < -2
ï
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 ¦ ( x ) = íx - 1, -2£ x < 0
ï x + 2, 0 £ x <1
ex - (1 + x ) î
178. What is lim equal to? [2017-I] Which one of the following statements is correct in respect
x ®0 x2 of the above function?
1 (a) It is discontinuous at x = –2 but continuous at every
(a) 0 (b)
2 other point.
(c) 1 (d) 2 (b) It is continuous only in the interval (–3, –2).
179. The function ¦ : X ® Y defined by f (x) = cos x, where x Î X, (c) It is discontinuous at x = 0 but continuous at every
is one-one and onto if X and Y are respectively equal to other point.
[2017-I] (d) It is discontinuous at every point.
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-277

186. Consider the following statements : [2017-I] 192. A function is defined in (0, ¥) by [2017-II]
1. If xlim ¦ (x) and xlim g (x) both exist, then xlim {¦ (x) g ì 1- x 2
for 0 < x £1
®a ®a ®a ï
(x)} exists. ¦ (x)= í In x for 1 < x £ 2
ï In 2 - 1 + 0.5x for 2 < x < ¥
2. If xlim {¦ (x) g (x)} exists, then both xlim ¦ (x) and î
®a ®a Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
lim g (x) must exist. derivative of the function, i.e., ¦ '(x)?
x ®a (a) ¦ '(x) = 2x for 0 < x £ 1
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (b) ¦ '(x) = –2x for 0 < x £ 1
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) ¦ '(x) = –2x for 0 < x < 1
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) ¦ '(x) = 0 for 0 < x < ¥
193. Consider the following statements : [2017-II]
a -1 1. Derivative of ¦ (x) may not exist at some point.
187. Let ¦ (a) = . [2017-I]
a +1 2. Derivative of ¦ (x) may exist finitely at some point.
Consider the following : 3. Derivative of ¦ (x) may be infinite (geometrically) at
some point.
æ1ö
1. ¦ (2a) = ¦ (a) + 1 2. ¦ ç ÷ = – ¦ (a) Which of the above statements are correct?
èaø (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
Which of the above is/are correct? (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 194. The function ¦ (x) = | x | – x3 is [2017-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) odd (b) even
188. Suppose the function ¦ (x) = xn, n ¹ 0 is differentiable for all (c) both even and odd (d) neither even nor odd
x. Then n can be any element of the interval
[2017-I] 195. If l1 =
dx
e(
d sin x
) [2017-II]
(a) (1, ¥) (b) (0, ¥)
e ( ) - esin x
sin x + h
æ1 ö l2 = lim
(c) ç , ¥ ÷ (d) None of the above h ®0 h
è2 ø
189. The inverse of the function y = 5In x is [2017-II] l3 = ò esin x cos xdx
1 then which one of the following is correct?
(a) x=y In 5
,y>0 (b) x = y In 5 , y > 0
d
(a) l1 ¹ l2 (b) ( l3 ) = l2
1 dx
(c) In 5 (d) x = 5 In y, y > 0
x=y ,y<0 (c) ò l3dx = l2 (d) l2 = l3
190. A function is defined as follows : [2017-II]
sin x cos x
196. If limp = l and lim = m, then which one of the
ì x x x ®¥ x
ï- , x¹0 x®
¦ ( x) = í x2
2

ï following is correct? [2017-II]

î 0 , x=0
2
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above (a) l = 1, m = 1 (b) l = ,m = ¥
p
function?
(a) ¦(x) is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable at x= 0 2
(c) l = ,m = 0 (d) l = 1, m = ¥
(b) ¦(x) is continuous as well as differentiable at x = 0 p
(c) ¦(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
x2
(d) None of the above 197. If x is any real number, then belongs to which one of
191. Consider the following : [2017-II] 1+ x4
1. x + x2 is continuous at x = 0 the following intervals? [2017-II]
1 æ 1ù
2. x + cos is discontinuous at x = 0 (a) (0, 1) (b) ç 0, ú
x è 2û
æ 1ö
2 1 (c) ç 0, ÷ (d) [0, 1]
3. x + cos is continuous at x = 0 è 2ø
x 198. The left-hand derivative of ¦ (x) = [x] sin (px) at x = k where
Which of the above are correct? k is an integer and [x] is the greatest integer function, is
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only [2017-II]
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) (–1)k (k – 1)p (b) (–1)k – 1 (k – 1)p
(c) (–1)k kp (d) (–1)k – 1 kp
 EBD_7346
M-278 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

x (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true and

199. If ¦ (x) = - 1 , then on the interval [0, p] which one of the Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement II.
2
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are true and
following is correct? [2017-II]
Statement II is not the correct explanation of
(a) tan [¦ (x)], where [×] is the greatest integer function,
Statement I.
1 (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
and ¦ ( x ) are both continuous.
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
(b) tan [¦ (x)], where [×] is the greatest integer functin, and
¦–1 (x) are both continuous. 4x + x 4 æ 1+ x ö
205. If ¦ (x) = and g ( x ) = In ç ÷ , then what is the
(c) tan [¦ (x)], where [×] is the greatest integer function, 1 + 4x 3 è 1- x ø
1 æ e -1 ö
and ¦ ( x ) are both discontinuous. value of ¦ ° g ç ÷ equal to? [2017-II]
è e +1 ø
(d) tan [¦ (x)], where [×] is the greatest integer function, is (a) 2 (b) 1
1
discontinuous but ¦ ( x ) is continuous. 1
(c) 0 (d)
2
2 206. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
200. The set of all points, where the function ¦ ( x ) = 1 - e - x
is differentiable, is [2017-II] function f : ¡ ® ¡ + defined as f(x) = |x + 1|? [2018-I]
(a) (0, ¥) (b) (– ¥, ¥) 2
(a) f(x ) = [f(x)]2 (b) f(|x|) = |f(x)|
(c) (– ¥, 0) È (0, ¥) (d) (–1 , ¥) (c) f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) (d) None of the above
( )
201. If ¦ ( x ) = x x - x + 1 , then ¦ (x) is [2017-II] x2
(a) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 207. Suppose f : ¡ ® ¡ is defined by f ( x ) = . What is
1 + x2
(b) differentiable at x = 0
(c) not continuous at x = 0 the range of the function? [2018-I]
(d) None of the above (a) [0, 1) (b) [0, 1]
202. Which one of the following graph represents the function (c) (0, 1] (d) (0, 1)
208. If f(x) = |x| + |x – 1|, then which one of the following is correct?
x
¦ ( x ) = , x ¹ 0? [2017-II] [2018-I]
x (a) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 and x = 1
y (b) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 but not at x = 1
y
(c) f(x) is continuous at x = 1 but not at x = 0
+1 +1 (d) f(x) is neither continuous at x = 0 nor at x = 1
x
(a) x (b) 0 ìï x 2 ln | x | x ¹ 0
0 –1 209. Consider the function f ( x ) = í . What is
ïî 0 x=0
f ' (0) equal to? [2018-I]
y (a) 0 (b) 1
+1 (c) –1 (d) It does not exist

(c) x (d) None of the above x2 - 9

0 210. If f ( x ) = 2 , x ¹ 3 is continuous at x = 3, then
x - 2x - 3
which one of the following is correct? [2018-I]
203. Let g be the greatest integer function. Then the function (a) f(3) = 0 (b) f(3) = 1.5
¦ (x) = (g (x))2 – g (x) is discontinuous at [2017-II] (c) f(3) = 3 (d) f(3) = –1.5
(a) all integers 211. If f : ¡ ® S defined by f(x) = 4 sin x – 3 cos x + 1 is onto,
(b) all integers except 0 and 1
then what is S equal to? [2018-I]
(c) all integers except 0
(a) [– 5, 5] (b) (– 5, 5)
(d) all integers except 1
(c) (–4, 6) (d) [–4, 6]
204. Consider the following statements : [2017-II]
212. For f to be a function, what is the domain of f, if
Statement I :
x > sin x for all x > 0 1
f (x ) = ? [2018-I]
Statement II : | x | -x
¦ (x) = x – sin x is an increasing function for all x > 0
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above (a) (–¥, 0) (b) (0, ¥)
(c) (–¥, ¥) (d) (–¥, 0]
statements?
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-279

tan x (c) The function is differentiable at x = 0

213. What is lim equal to? [2018-I] (d) The function is differentiable at x = – 3
x ® 0 sin 2x

1 2x - sin -1 x
(a) (b) 1 220. If the function f (x) = is continuous at each
2 2x + tan -1 x
(c) 2 (d) Limit does not exist point in its domain, then what is the value of f(0)? [2018-II]
2x + 3h - 2x 1 1
214. What is lim equal to? [2018-I] (a) - (b)
h®0 2h 3 3
1 3 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
2 2x 2x 3
3 3
(c) (d) f ( x ) - f (1)
2 2x 4 2x 221. If f (x) = 25 - x 2 , then what is lim equal to
x ®1 x -1
215. If f(x) is an even function, where f(x) ¹ 0, then which one of
the following is correct? [2018-I] [2018-II]
(a) f ' (x) is an even function 1 1
(b) f ' (x) is an odd function (a) - (b)
(c) f ' (x) may be an even or odd function depending on the 24 24
type of function
1 1
(d) f ' (x) is a constant function (c) - (d)
4 3 4 3
216. Let A = ( x Î R : -1 £ x £ 1) and S be the subset of A × B,
1 - cos q
defined by S = é( x, y) Î A ´ B : x 2 + y2 = 1ù [2018-II] 222. What is lim equal to? [2018-II]
ë û q® 0 q
Which one of the following is correct? (a) 2 (b) 2 2
(a) S is a one-one function from A into B
1 1
(b) S is a many-one function from A into B (c) (d) -
(c) S is a bijective mapping from A into B 2 2 2
(d) S is not a function 223. A function f : A ® R is defined by the equation f (x) = x2 – 4x + 5
where A = (1, 4). What is the range of the function?
x -1 [2018-II]
217. If f (x) = defines a function of R, then what is its
x-4 (a) (2, 5) (b) (1, 5)
domain? [2018-II] (c) [1, 5) (d) [1, 5]
(a) ( -¥, 4) È ( 4, ¥ ) (b) [ 4, ¥ ] 224. In which one of the following intervals is the function
f(x) = x2 – 5x + 6 decreasing? [2018-II]
(c) (1, 4) È ( 4, ¥ ) (d) [1, 4) È ( 4, ¥ )
(a) ( -¥, 2] (b) [3, ¥]
218. Consider the function
(c) ( -¥, ¥) (d) ( 2,3)
ì sin 2x
ïï 5x if x ¹ 0 225. Let f(x + y) = f (x) f(y) and f(x) = 1 + xg (x) f (x),
f (x) = í : where lim g (x) = a and lim f(x) = b . Then what is f' (x)
ï 2 if x = 0 x ®0 x ®0
ïî15 equal to? [2018-II]
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the (a) 1 + ab f (x) (b) 1 + ab
function? [2018-II] (c) ab (d) abf(x)
(a) It is not continuous at x = 0
(b) It is continuous at every x 2sin 2 x + sin x - 1
226. What is lim to? [2018-II]
(c) It is not continuous at x = p x®
p 2sin 2 x - 3sin x + 1
6
(d) It is continuous at x = 0
1 1
219. For the function f (x) = x - 3 , which of the following is not (a) - (b) -
2 3
correct? [2018-II]
(c) – 2 (d) – 3
(a) The function is not continuous at x = – 3
(b) The function is continuous at x = 3
 EBD_7346
M-280 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
230. If f(x) = 31+x, then f(x) f(y) f(z) is equal to [2019-I]
227. A function f defined by f(x) = ln( x2 + 1 - x) is [2019-I] (a) f(x + y + z) (b) f(x + y + z + 1)
(a) an even function (c) f(x + y + z + 2) (d) f(x + y + z + 3)
(b) an odd function
(c) Both even and odd function 231. The domain of the function f(x) = (2 - x)( x - 3) is
(d) Neither even nor odd function [2019-I]
228. The domain of the function f defined by f(x) = logx 10 is (a) (0, ¥) (b) [0, ¥]
[2019-I] (c) [2, 3] (d) (2, 3)
(a) x > 10 232. The value of k which makes [2019-I]
(b) x > 0 excluding x = 10
(c) x > 10 ìsin x x¹0
f(x) = í continuous at x = 0, is
(d) x > 0 excluding x = 1 î k x=0
1 - cos3 4 x
229. lim is equal to [2019-I] (a) 2 (b) 1
x ®¥ x2
(a) 0 (b) 12 (c) –1 (d) 0
(c) 24 (d) 36

ANSWER KEY
1 (d) 22 (b) 43 (c) 64 (c) 85 (c) 106 (b) 127 (c) 148 (b) 170 (c) 191 (a) 212 (a)
2 (d) 23 (b) 44 (a) 65 (c) 86 (d) 107 (b) 128 (b) 149 (b) 171 (d) 192 (c) 213 (a)
3 (a) 24 (b) 45 (a) 66 (c) 87 (b) 108 (b) 129 (d) 150 (c) 172 (c) 193 (d) 214 (d)
4 (b) 25 (b) 46 (a) 67 (b) 88 (c) 109 (d) 130 (a) 151 (a) 173 (b) 194 (d) 215 (b)
5 (d) 26 (a) 47 (d) 68 (d) 89 (a) 110 (a) 131 (c) 152 (d) 174 (b) 195 (b) 216 (d)
6 (c) 27 (c) 48 (d) 69 (b) 90 (b) 111 (b) 132 (a) 153 (d) 175 (d) 196 (c) 217 (d)
7 (c) 28 (c) 49 (c) 70 (a) 91 (b) 112 (d) 133 (d) 154 (d) 176 (b) 197 (b) 218 (a)
8 (c) 29 (d) 50 (a) 71 (a) 92 (b) 113 (a) 134 (b) 155 (c) 177 (d) 198 (a) 219 (a)
9 (d) 30 (a) 51 (d) 72 (c) 93 (c) 114 (c) 135 (d) 157 (b) 178 (b) 199 (c) 220 (b)
10 (d) 31 (b) 52 (c) 73 (b) 94 (c) 115 (c) 136 (a) 158 (c) 179 (a) 200 (c) 221 (a)
11 (a) 32 (d) 53 (d) 74 (a) 95 (d) 116 (b) 137 (c) 159 (c) 180 (b) 201 (b) 222 (c)
12 (c) 33 (d) 54 (c) 75 (c) 96 (a) 117 (d) 138 (b) 160 (d) 181 (c) 202 (c) 223 (c)
13 (d) 34 (a) 55 (a) 76 (d) 97 (a) 118 (d) 139 (b) 161 (c) 182 (c) 203 (d) 224 (a)
14 (c) 35 (d) 56 (a) 77 (b) 98 (c) 119 (b) 140 (c) 162 (b) 183 (c) 204 (a) 225 (d)
15 (b) 36 (a) 57 (d) 78 (b) 99 (c) 120 (b) 141 (b) 163 (a) 184 (d) 205 (b) 226 (d)
16 (d) 37 (d) 58 (c) 79 (d) 100 (b) 121 (b) 142 (d) 164 (a) 185 (c) 206 (d) 227 (b)
17 (a) 38 (c) 59 (b) 80 (b) 101 (c) 122 (a) 143 (a) 165 (a) 186 (a) 207 (a) 228 (d)
18 (c) 39 (d) 60 (d) 81 (b) 102 (d) 123 (d) 144 (c) 166 (b) 187 (b) 208 (a) 229 (c)
19 (a) 40 (c) 61 (b) 82 (b) 103 (d) 124 (b) 145 (a) 167 (a) 188 (a) 209 (a) 230 (c)
20 (c) 41 (a) 62 (c) 83 (b) 104 (a) 125 (c) 146 (c) 168 (c) 189 (a) 210 (b) 231 (c)
21 (a) 42 (c) 63 (c) 84 (a) 105 (c) 126 (a) 147 (b) 169 (a) 190 (c) 211 (d) 232 (d)
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-281

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

x2 5. (d) lim
sin | x |
, LHL is limit when x < 0
1. (d) Q f (x) =
1+ x 2 x ®0 x
Since, numerator < denominator sin (- x) sin x
f (x) < 1 for all values of x (negative or positive) and LHL = lim = - lim = -1
x ®0 x x®0 x
f (x) = 0 for x = 0
RHL is limit when x > 0
So, range of f is [0,1).
sin(x)
1 RHL = lim =1
2. (d) The given functions is f (x) = x ®0 x
18 - x 2 So, LHL ¹ RHL
Hence, Limit does not exist.
1 1
So, f (3) = =
18 - 9 3 ì 2x, x ³ 0
6. (c) The given function is f (x) = í
î0, x < 0
1 1
- The equation can be re-written as
f (x) - f (3) 18 - x 2 3
Þ lim = lim ì x + x, x ³ 0
x ®3 x-3 x ®3 x-3 f (x) = í
î- x + x x < 0
0 Hence, equivalent definition of given function is
Putting x = 3 makes the that of form
0 f (x) = | x | + x
1 x
lim - (18 - x 2 ) -3 / 2 ( -2x) æ 1ö
7. (c) Given function is f (x) = ç ÷
x ®3 2 è 3ø
(Applying L' Hospital's Rule)
x
1 1 1 æ1ö
= - (9) -3/ 2 (-2 ´ 3) = ´ 3 = Let f (x) = y , so, y = ç ÷
2 27 9 è 3ø
3. (a) Given that f (1) = 2 and f (x + y) = f (x) f (y) Taking log1/3 on both sides
These are value for all values of x and y æ1ö
Puting x = 1 and y = 1, we get Þ x × log1/3 ç ÷ = log (1/3 ) y
è3ø
f (2) = f (1) . f (1) = 2.2 = 22
Similarly, x = log(1/3)y
f (3) = f (1) . f (2) = 2 . 22 = 23 Þ f–1(x) = log(1/3) x
Þ f (x) = 2x
x sin 5x
Þ f' (x) = 2x loge 2 8. (c) lim
Hence, f'(1) = 2loge 2 x ®0 sin 2 4x
1+ x ö [multiply denominator and number with x]
4. (b) Given that, f (x) = log æç ÷
è 1- x ø We get,

æ 3x + x3 ö x 2 sin 5x sin 5x x2
and g (x) = ç lim = lim .
÷ x sin 2 4x x ®0 x sin 2 4x
ç 1 + 3x 2 ÷ x ®0
è ø
Rearranging to bring a standard form, we get,
æ 1 + g(x) ö
f [g(x)] = log ç
è 1 - g(x) ø÷ lim
5sin 5x (4x) 2
.
x ® 0 5x 16 sin 2 4x
æ 1 + 3x 2 + 3x + x3 ö
= log ç ÷
ç 1 + 3x 2 - 3x - x3 ÷ 5æ sin 5x ö 1 5
è ø = =
ç lim ÷. 2 16
16 è x ®0 5x ø æ sin 4x ö
3 lim ç
æ1+ x ö æ 1+ x ö ÷
= log ç x ®0 è 4x ø
÷ = 3 log ç ÷ = 3 [f (x)]
è 1 - x ø è 1- x ø
 EBD_7346
M-282 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
9. (d) Given that f (x) = (1 + x)5/x andf (x) is continuous at
æ 1 + x 2 + 2x ö æ (1 + x)2 ö
x = 0. Value of function at x = 0 is same as limit of the = log ç ÷ = log ç ÷
ç 1 + x 2 - 2x ÷ è (1 - x)2 ø
function at x = 0. è ø

{ } =e
5 2
f (0) = lim (1 + x)5 / x = lim (1 + x)1/ x 5 æ1+ x ö æ 1+ x ö
= log ç ÷ = 2 log ç ÷
x ®0 x ®0 è 1- x ø è1- x ø
10. (d) Here, greatest integer function [x] is discontinuous at
its integral value of x, cot x and cosec x are discontinuous æ 1+ x ö
at 0, p, 2p etc. and tan x and sec x are discontinuous at = 2f (x) [since f (x) = log ç ÷]
è1- x ø
p 3p 5p 15. (b) For a function to be continuous at a point the limit
x= , , etc. Therefore the greatest integer
2 2 2 should exist and should be equal to the value of the
function and all trigonometric functions are not function at that point.
continuous for x Î R Here point is x = 0
Therefore, neither (1) nor (2) are true.
é f (x) ù and lim f (x) = lim (x + 1) cot x
11. (a) For lim ê x ®0 x ®0
ú to exist, then both xlim f (x) and
x ® a ë g(x) û ®a
1
.x cot x
lim g(x) must exist. = lim (1 + x ) cot x = lim (1 + x) x
x ®a x ®0 x ®0
12. (c) Given function is
1 x
ì p lim
ïï mx + 1, x £ 2 lim (1 + x ) x ® tan x
= x 0
= e1 = e
f (x) = í x ®0
ïsin x + n, x > p Since limiting value of f(x) = e, when x ®0, f(0)
ïî 2
should also be equal to e.
p
As given this function is continuous at x = . æ x-2ö
x+2
2 16. (d) lim ç ÷
x ®0è x + 2 ø
p æ pö
So, limit of function when x ® =f ç ÷
2 è 2ø can be written as
x+2
æ pö æ x + 2- 4ö
Þ lim (sin x + n) = f ç ÷ lim ç ÷
p è 2ø x ®0 è x + 2 ø
x® +
2

æ æp ö mp x +2
ö ì 4 ü
Þ lim ç sin ç + h ÷ + n ÷ = +1 or, lim í1 -
h ®0 è è2 ø ø 2 ý
x ®¥ î ( x + 2) þ
p mp
Þ sin +n = +1 Putting x + 2 = t
2 2
when x ® ¥, t ® ¥
mp
Þ 1+ n = +1 t
2 ì 4ü
So, lim í1 - ý
mp t ®¥ î tþ
Þ n=
2
13. (d) The given curve shows the graph of a x which is t
´4
or, lim ìí1 - üý 4
decreasing when x is increasing. This happens when 4
0 < a < 1. t ®¥ î tþ
æ 1+ x ö
14. (c) Given that f (x) = log ç ÷
è 1- x ø ì tü
4
ïæ 4 ö 4 ï
æ 2x ö or, lim íç1 - ÷ ý = (e–1)4 = e– 4
æ 2x ö ç1+ 2 ÷ x ® ¥ ïè tø ï
So, f ç = log ç 1 + x ÷ î þ
2÷ 2x
è 1+ x ø ç1- ÷
ç ÷
è 1 + x2 ø
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-283

22. (b) Given function is.

ìax 2 + b x < -1
17. (a) Derivative of f(x) = í 2 is 1
î bx + ax + a x ³ -1 f (x) = x +
x
ì2ax x < -1 f 2(x) = {f (x)}2
f '(x) = í
î2bx + a, x ³ -1 2
Þ f 2 (x) = æç x +
1ö
If f '(x) is continuous everywhere then it is also ÷
è xø
continuous at x = – 1
23. (b) From the given direction of function
f ' ( x) x =-1 = – 2a = – 2b + a
or, 3a = 2b ...(i) ì1, x is a rational number
f (x) = í
From the given choice î 0, x is an irrational number
a = 2, b = 3 satisfied this equation.
18. (c) If f(x) is differential everywhere then | f | is not
(f 0 f ) 3 = f{f ( 3)}
differentiable at some point, so, f | f | is not = f (0) (Q 3 is an irrational number)
differentiable at some point.
=1 (Q 0 is a rational number)
[Example: f(x) = x is differentiable everywhere but 24. (b) Given function is defined as :
| f(x) | = | x | is not differentiable at x = 0]
19. (a) As given f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, Let y = f(x). To get f–1(x) ì p æ 1ö
we express x is terms of y in equation y = ax2 + bx + c. ï x cos ç ÷ x ¹ 0
f (x) = í è xø
2 2 ï0, x=0
y 2 b c æ b ö æ b ö c î
= x + x + = çx + ÷ -ç ÷ +
a a a è 2a ø è 2a ø a For continuity :
LHS : lim f (x) = RHS lim f (x) = f (0)
b y b2 c ± 4ay + b 2 - 4ac x ®0 x ®0
Þ x+ = + - =
2a a 4a 2 a 2a æ 1ö
Þ lim f (x) = lim x p cos ç ÷ = 0
x ®0 x ®0 è xø
-b ± 4ay + b2 - 4ac
x=
2a æ 1ö
Þ lim x p cos ç ÷ = 0
x ®0 è xø
- b ± 4ax + b2 - 4ac
or, f–1(x) = æ 1ö
2a cos ç ÷ is always a finite quantity if x®0
Putting x = 0 è xø
Þ xp = 0
- b ± 0 + b 2 - 4ac which is possible only if p > 0.
f–1(0) = ¹ 0 [if b2 – 4ac > 0]
2a sin x
so, f–1(0) ¹ 0. i.e. if b2 – 4ac > 0 25. (b) Given limit is : lim
x ®¥ x
f–1(0) does not contain 0, if b2 – 4ac > 0.
1
20. (c) x - a + x - b + x - c = 3 Let, x =
h
and as x ® ¥, h ® 0
b+c c+a a +b
Such an equation is possible only, if sin x 1
\ lim change to : lim h sin
x-a x-b x-c x ®¥ x h®0 h
= = =1
b+c c+a a+b 1
= 0 (value of sin is finite as it lies between – 1 and 1)
Þ x= a+b+c h
21. (a) – x2 + 3x + 4 > 0
Þ x2 – 3x – 4 < 0 Þ (x – 4) (x + 1) < 0 a x – bx
26. (a) Let L = lim
Noting the sign of expression around – 1 and 4, we use x ®0 x
way curve method.
0
domain This is of form so, L’ hospital’s rule is applicable.
0

a x log a – b x log b
+ + Þ L = lim (by L’ Hospital’s rule)
x®0 1
-1 0 2 -ve 4
a
= log a – log b = log
Þ x Î (– 1, 4) b
 EBD_7346
M-284 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
27. (c) Given function is : 31. (b) Given equation is y = 5 log x
To get the inverse, we express x in terms of y.
ì3x – 4, 0 £ x £ 2
f (x) = í Taking log on both the sides,
î2x + l, 2 < x £ 9 log y = log x. log 5
and also given that f (x) is continuous at x = 2 1
For a function to be continuous at a point LHL = RHL log y
Þ log x = = log y log 5
= V.F. at that point. f (2) = 2 = V.F. log 5
Þ RHL : lim (2x + l) = 3(2) – 4 1
x®2
log 5
Þ x=y
Þ lim {2(2 + h) + l} = 6 – 4
h®0 32. (d) (A) : f (x) = logx for x = 1, f (x) = log 1 = 0
(R) : f (x) = log x
Þ 4+l = 2
and f (x) ³ 0 " x > 0
Þ l = –2 Thus, (A) is false but (R) is true.
28. (c) Given functions are : f (x) = x and g (x) = |x|
\ (f + g) (x) = f (x) + g (x) = x + |x| æ1ö
33. (d) Given function : f (x) = x sin ç ÷
According to defintion of modulus function, èxø
For differentiability at x = 0; LHD = RHD at x = 0
ì x + x, x ³ 0
(f + g) (x) = í f (0 – h) – f (0)
î x – x, x < 0 LHD = lim
h®0 -h
ì 2x, x ³ 0
=í æ 1ö æ 1ö
(–h)sin ç – ÷ h sin ç ÷
î 0, x < 0 è hø è hø
= lim = lim
29. (d) Given function are : h ®0 –h h®0 -h
1 æ1ö
g (x) = sin x and f (x) = = lim sin ç ÷ = a finite value lies between – 1
sin x h ®0 èhø
(gof)(x) = g [f(x)] and 1 which cannot be qualified exactly.
f (0 + h) – f (0)
= sin f (x) RHD = lim
h ®0 h
æ 1 ö
= sin ç ÷ æ1ö
è sin x ø h sin ç ÷
= lim è h ø = lim sin æ 1 ö
30. (a) Given function is : f (x) = sin |x| ç ÷
h ®0 h h ®0 èhø
ì sin(x), x ³ 0 = a finite value lies between – 1 and 1 which cannot be
=í
îsin(–x), x < 0 qualified exactly.
LHD ¹ RHD ¹ a definite value.
ì sin x, x ³ 0 Hence, f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
=í
î – sin x, x < 0 For continuity at x = 0 :
lim LHL = lim RHL = V.F. at x = 0
f (0 – h) – f (0) x ®0 x®0
LHD at x = 0 = lim
h ®0 0–h–0
æ 1ö
LHL = lim f (0 – h) = lim – h sin ç – ÷
f (0 – h) – f (0) - sin(–h) – 0 x®0 h ®0 è hø
= lim = lim = –1
h ®0 –h h®0 –h 1
= lim h sin =0
f (0 + h) – f (0) h ®0 h
RHD at x = 0 = lim
h ®0 0+ h – 0 1
RHL = lim f (0 + h) = lim h sin =0
f (0 + h) – f (0) sin (h– 0) x ®0' h ®0 h
= lim = lim =1 f (0) = 0
h ®0 h h®0 h
Þ LHL = RHL = f (0)
LHD ¹ RHD
Hence, f (x) is continuous at x = 0
f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0. Thus, (A) is false but (R) is true.
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-285

34. (a) f(x) = log |x|

a + 2x - 3x
1 39. (d) lim
f ¢( x) = x ®a 3a + x - 2 x
| x|
( a + 2 x )2 - ( 3x )2 3a + x + 2 x
-1 1
= lim ´
(0 - h ) eh x ®a a + 2 x + 3x ( 3a + x ) 2 - (2 x ) 2
35. (d) LHL = lim e = lim
h® 0- h® 0
a + 2 x - 3x 3a + x + 2 x
= e¥ = ¥ = lim ´
x ®a a + 2 x + 3x 3a + x - 4 x
-1
–1
RHL = lim e (0 + h ) = lim e h = e -¥ = 0 3a + x + 2 x (a - x )
= lim ´
h ®0 + h® 0
x ®a a + 2 x + 3 x 3(a - x)
Q LHL ¹ RHL 1 3a + x + 2 x
= lim
-1 3 x®a a + 2 x + 3x
So, lim e x does not exist.
x®0 1 4a + 2 a 1 æ 4 a ö 1
= = ç ÷=
36. (a) Let y = 2x + 5 3 3a + 3a 2 è 2 3 a ø 3
Þ y – 5 = 2x
y -5 40. (c)
Þ x= A
2
1 a
-1 x-5 2 b
\ g ( x) = 3 c
2
d
x2 Since, every element of A has only one image but d has
37. (d) 1. lim = lim ( x ) = 0
x ®0 x x ®0 no pre-image in A. So, it is one-one function.
Hence, it has no inverse.
x2 41. (a) (A) Given function is
2. = x,
x y = 2x + 3
since a polynomial is continuous everywhere, so it is Let y1 = y2 (To show x1 = x2)
continuous at x = 0 Þ 2x1 + 3 = 2x2 + 3
Þ 2x1 = 2x2
0-h h Þ x1 = x2
3. LHL = lim = lim = -1 Hence, y = 2x + 3 is one-one real valued function.
h ® 0 (0 - h ) h®0 -h
(R) Since y1 = y2 Þ x1 = x2
0+ h h \ x1 ¹ x2 Þ y1 ¹ y2
RHL = lim = lim = 1 Thus, Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct
h®0 (0 + h) h®0 h
explanation of A.
Q LHL ¹ RHL 42. (c) f(–1) = f(1) = 235
So, it does not exist. Here, two real numbers 1 and –1 have the same image.
Thus, the statements 1 and 3 are correct. So, the function is not one-one and let
y = (x 2 + 1)35
1
38. (c) LHL = hlim
®0 1 - 1 - (1 - h) Þ x = ( y )1/ 35 - 1
Thus, every real number has no pre image. So, the
1 1 function is not onto.
= hlim
®0 1 - h
= lim =1
Hence, the function is neither one-one nor onto.
h®0 1 - h
43. (c) Given, f ( x ) = x | x |
1
RHL = hlim
®0 1 - 1 - (1 + h)
If f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
Þ x1 | x1 | = x2 | x2 |
1 1
= lim = lim =1 Þ x1 = x2
h ®0 1 - -h h® 0 1 - h
\ f (x) is one-one.
\ lim f ( x) = 1 Also, range of f (x) = co-domain of f (x)
x®0 \ f (x) is onto.
Hence, f (x) is both one-one and onto.
 EBD_7346
M-286 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

x ì3x - 4, 0 £ x £ 2
44. (a) Given f ( x ) = 47. (d) Given f (x) = í2x + l, 2 < x £ 3
1+ | x | î
Also f (x) is continuous at x = 2
ì x
ïï1 - x , x < 0 \ lim f ( x ) = f (2)
=í æ ìx if x ³ 0ö x® 2
ï x , x³0 çèQ | x | = í - x if x < 0÷ø Now, f(2)= 3 × 2 – 4 = 6 – 4 = 2
î
îï1 + x lim (2 x + l ) = 2
Þ x® 2
f (0 - h) - f (0) Þ 4+l=2
\ LHD = f '(0- ) = lim
h®0 -h Þ l=–2
48. (d) Let x1, x2 Î R
f ( - h) - f (0)
= lim Then, f (x1) = f (x2)
h® 0 -h
Þ cos x1 = cos x2
-h -h Þ x1 = 2np ± x2
-0 -0 1 So, x1 ¹ x2
1+ | - h | 1 +h = lim =1
= lim = lim h® 0 1 + h Hence, cos x is not one-one function.
h® 0 -h h® 0 -h
Now, let y = cos x
and RHD = f '(0+ ) We know, –1 £ cos x £ 1
\ y Î [–1, 1]
f (0 + h) - f (0) [–1, 1] Ì R. So, cos x is into function, not onto.
= lim
h®0 h Hence, f (x) = cos x is neither one-one nor onto.
h 3x
-0 æ ö
1
= lim 1 + h
3x
= lim =1 æ x ö ç 1 ÷
= lim ç
h® 0 h h ® 0 1+ h 49. (c) Consider xlim ç ÷
®¥ è 3 + x ø x®¥ 3÷
ç 1+ ÷
Since, LHD = RHD è xø
\ f ( x) is differentiable at x = 0
–3
Hence, f ( x) is differentiable in ( -¥, ¥).
–3 x éæ 3 ö x ù
æ 3ö = lim êç1 + ÷ ú
= lim ç 1 + ÷
x ®¥ è xø x ®¥ ê è xø ú
d y æ dy ö ë û
45. (a) We know lim =ç ÷
d x®0 d x è dx ø at x = 0
æ æ lö
n ö
l
3 –3
= [e ] =e –9 çQ lim ç1 + ÷ = e ÷
=
d
(ax n )at x =0 = (an x n -1 )at x =0 = 0 è n®¥ è n ø ø
dx
ìï x, x³0
sin 2 ax 50. (a) Given, f (x) = í 2
46. (a) Consider lim ïî– x , x < 0
x ® 0 bx
Multiply and divide by a2x2,
LHL = lim– f ( x) = – xlim x2 = 0
é sin 2 ax a 2 x 2 ù x®0 ®0
sin 2 ax ê ´ 2 2ú
Þ lim = xlim
x ® 0 bx ®0 êë bx a x úû RHL = lim+ f ( x) = lim x = 0
x®0 x ®0

é sin 2 ax a 2 x 2 ù and f (0) = 0

= x®0 ê 2 2 ´ bx ú
lim Since, LHL = RHL = f (0)
ëê a x ûú \ f (x) is continuous at x = 0.
Also, f (x) is continuous in the given interval ie. R
éæ sin ax ö 2 a 2 x ù Hence, f (x) is continuous in every x ÎR.
= x ® 0 êçè ax ÷ø ´ b ú
lim
51. (d) A injective function means one-one.
êë úû
Consider f (x) = – x
2 2 Let f (x) = f (y) " x, y Î R
æ sin ax ö a x
= lim ç ÷ . lim Þ –x=–y Þ x=y
x®0 è ax ø x®0 b
For every values of x, we get a different values of f.
æ sin x ö Hence, it is injective.
= 1 × 0 = 0 çèQ lim = 1÷
x® 0 x ø
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-287

52. (c) Let f (x) = f (y) and RHL = lim f (1 + h)

To show that f (x) is one-one h®0

We have to show that x = y = lim

h ®0
(1 + h - 1) = lim
h ®0
h =0
Now, f (x) = f (y)
\ LHL = RHL
ex \ lim f ( x ) = LHL = RHL
Þ ex = e y Þ = 1 Þ ex- y = 1 x ®0
y
e
( x - 1)
2
Take log on both side Þ lim =0
log e x - y = log 1
x®0 x -1
56. (a) sin x is periodic, continuous at every point on (–¥, ¥),
Þ x- y = 0 Þ x = y
differentiable at every point on (–¥, ¥), has a period
Hence f (x) one-one " x Î R æ pö æp ö
Y 2p , sin x increases on ç 0, ÷ and decreases on ç , p ÷ .
y = ex è 2ø è2 ø
57. (d) cos x is periodic, continuous and differentiable at every
point on (–¥, ¥) and has a period 2p , cos x decreases
æ pö æp ö
on ç 0, ÷ and increases on ç , p ÷ .
X¢ X è 2ø è2 ø
58. (c) tan x is a periodic function with period p and is
mp
discontinuous at x = . Also, tan x is n ot
2
differentiable at every point on (–¥, ¥) and increases
Y¢
–2 is an element of the co-domain R. There doesnot æ pö æp ö
exist any element X in the domain R such that on ç 0, ÷ and increases on ç , p ÷ .
è 2ø è2 ø
–2 = ex = f (x). Hence, option (c) is correct.
Hence, by definition, f is not a onto function. 59. (b) We know every function does not has a primitive but a
53. (d) primitive of a function is unique.
x+4 x+4 x +4
æ x+6ö æ x + 5 +1 ö æ x +1 5 ö x
lim ç ÷ = lim ç ÷ = lim ç + ÷ 60. (d) Given f : R ® R defined as f ( x ) = 2
x ®¥ è x + 1 ø x ®¥ è x + 1 ø x ®¥ è x + 1 x + 1 ø x +1
x + 4 5( x +1) Which is a injective function
´
æ 5 ö 5 x +1 x
= lim ç1 + ÷ -ie- f ( x ) = is one-one but not onto.
x ®¥ è x +1 ø x2 + 1
61. (b) The function f (x) = x cosec x is discontinuous
æ x +4 ö everywhere.
é x +1 ù5çè x +1 ÷ø
62. (c) Let f (x) = | x–3|
æ 5 ö 5 ú
= lim êêç1 + ÷ ú L.H.L = lim f (0 - h) = lim | 0 - h - 3 |
x ®¥ è x +1 ø h® 0 h® 0
êë úû
= lim (h + 3) = 3
4 h® 0
1+
5 lim x æ 1+ 4 x ö R.H.L = lim f (0 + h) = lim | 0 + h - 3 |
= e x®¥ 1+ 1 = e5 ççQ lim = 1÷ h ®0 h® 0
÷
è x®¥ 1 + x
x 1
ø = lim | h - 3 | = 3
2 h ®0
54. (c) Given fog (x) = (x + 3) and g(x) = x + 3
Since, L.H.L = R.H.L at x = 0
fog ( x ) = ( x + 3) Þ f éë g ( x ) ùû = ( x + 3)
2
2
\ f (x) = |x –3| is continuous at x = 0.
f (0) - f (0 - h)
f [ x + 3] = ( x + 3) (Q g ( x ) = x + 3)
2 -
Þ Now, LHD = f '(0 ) = lim
h ®0 h
Þ f ( x ) = x2 3 - (3 - h)
= lim =1
Hence, f ( -3 ) = ( -3 ) = 9
2 h ®0 h
+ f (0 + h ) - f (0)
( x - 1)2 ìï( x - 1) , x ³ 1 and RHD = f '(0 ) = lim
55. (a) Let f ( x ) = =í h® 0 h
x -1 ïî- ( x - 1) , x < 1 3+ h-3
= lim =1
Now, LHL = lim f (1 - h ) h ®0 h
h ®0
Þ LHD = RHD
= lim é - (1 - h - 1)ùû = lim h=0 \ f (x) is differentiable
h ®0 ë h ®0
Hence, both statements (I) and (II) are correct.
 EBD_7346
M-288 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
63. (c) Since, on taking a straight line parallel to x-axis, L.H.L. = lim f ( x ) = lim [ x] = c–1
the group of given function intersect it at one point. -
x®c -
x ®c
\ f (x) is one-one. R.H.L. = lim f ( x) = lim [ x ] = c
and as range of f (x) = Co-domain
+
x®c +
x ®c
\ f (x) is onto. Since, L.H.L. ¹ R.H.L.
Hence, f (x) is one–one onto. f is discontinous for all x Î R.
So, [x] is discontinuous at infinite points.
cos ax - cos bx
64. (c) Consider lim 2 3 4x + 9
x ®0 x2 69. (b) Let f (x) = x + = y ( say ) = =y
3 2 6
- a sin ax + b sin bx Þ 4x + 9 = 6y
= lim
x®0 2x 6y - 9
Þ x=
(using L’ Hospital’s rule) 4
–1
x = f (y)
- a 2 cos ax + b 2 cos bx
= lim 6x - 9 3x 9
x®0 2 Þ f -1 ( x ) = = -
4 2 4
(using L’ Hospital’s rule)

b2 - a 2 70. (a) Consider, lim éê a 2 x 2 + ax + 1 - a 2 x 2 + 1 ùú

= (Q cos 0 = 1) x ®¥ ë û
2
65. (c) Let, f (x) = 2x + 7 and g (x) = x2 + 7, xÎR ( a 2 x2 + ax + 1 - a 2 x 2 + 1)( a 2 x 2 + ax + 1 + a 2 x 2 + 1)
= lim
x ®¥ ( a2 x 2 + ax + 1 + a2 x 2 + 1)
Now fog (x) = f [g(x)] = f (x2 + 7)
= 2 (x2 +7) + 7 = 2x2 + 14 +7
é a 2 x 2 + ax + 1 - a 2 x 2 - 1 ù
But fog (x) = 25 = lim ê ú
Þ 2 x2 + 21= 25 x ®¥ ê a 2 x 2 + ax + 1 + a 2 x 2 + 1 ú
ë û
Þ x2 = 2
a
Þ x= ± 2 = lim
x ®¥ a 1 1
66. (c) Consider a2 + + + a2 + 2
x x2 x
a x - bx a x log a - b x log b
lim = lim a a 1
x ®0 x x ®0 1 = = =
2
a + a 2 2a 2
(Using L’ Hospital’s rule)
a ì x3 - 3 x + 2
= log a – log b = log ï , "x ¹1
b 71. (a) Let f (x) = í ( x - 1)2
ï
x ( x - 2) x ( x - 2) x î k, " x =1
67. (b) Let f ( x ) = = =
2
x -4 ( x - 2)( x + 2) x+2
and f (x) is continuous.
Since f (x) is continuous at x = 2
\ lim f ( x) = k
\ lim f ( x ) = f ( 2) x ®1
x® 2
x3 - 3 x + 2
x Þ lim =k
Þ lim = f ( 2) x ®1 ( x - 1) 2
x ®2 x + 2

2 1 3 x2 - 3
Þ f ( 2) = = Þ k = lim [By L’Hospitals rule]
4 2 x ®1 2( x - 1)
68. (d) Given, f (x) = [x]
Let ‘c’ be any real number. 6x
Þ k = lim [By L’Hospitals rule]
f is continuous at x = c if L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f (c) x ®1 2
i.e., lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f (c) Þ k=3
x ®c
- +
x ®c
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-289

72. (c) Q f (x) = | x | + x2

x
ìï x + x, x ³ 0
2 77. (b) Since x is not continuous function \ it is not
Þ f (x) = í
2
ïî x - x, x < 0 differentiable also.
Also, L.H.D. and R.H.D. at x = 0 not equal.
LHL = lim f ( x) Thus, only function given in option ‘b’ gives
x ® 0- differentiability for all real values of x.
2
= lim f (0 - h) = lim ( 0 - h ) - ( 0 - h ) 78. (b) lim
1 + x -1
h® 0 h®0 x ®0 x
= lim h 2 + h = 0 1 + x -1 1 + x + 1 lim 1 + x -1
h® 0 ´
= lim = x ® 0 x é 1 + x + 1ù
x®0 x 1+ x +1 ë û
and RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f (0 + h)
x®0 h® 0 1 1 1
= lim = =
2
= lim (0 + h ) + (0 + h ) = lim h + h = 0 2 x®0 1+ x +1 1+ 0 +1 2
h® 0 h® 0
x
Þ LHL = RHL = f (0) 2 (1 - cos x ) 2.2 sin 2
79. (d) lim = lim 2
Þ f (x) is continuous at x = 0 x®0 x2 x®0 x2
f (0 - h) - f (0) x x
Now, LHD = lim sin
sin
h® 0 -h 2 2
= 4 lim x . lim
x®0 x®0 x
h2 + h ´2 ´2
= lim = – lim h + 1 = – 1 2 2
h® 0 - h h® 0
x x
sin sin
f (0 + h) - f (0) 2 . lim 2
and, RHD = lim = lim x x
=1× 1=1
x®0 x®0
h®0 h
2 2

= lim
h2 + h = lim h + 1 = 1 lim
1
1
=
= ¥ which does not exist.
80. (b)
h®0 h h® 0 x ®0 x 0
Hence, statement-1 is incorrect.
Thus, LHD ¹ RHD
Þ f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0 Now, lim e1 x = e ¥ which also does not exist.
x®0
73. (b) Given f(x) = |x – 3| is not continuous at x = 3 but it is Hence, statement-2 is correct.
differentiable at x = 0.
ì x2
74. (a)
x ®0
( )
é æ 1 öù
ë è x øû x ®0
æ1ö
lim x 2 êsin ç ÷ ú = 0 ´ lim sin ç ÷
èxø
81. (b)
ï , x¹0
f (x) = í x
ï
î 0 x=0
= 0 × finite quantity = 0
æ x+2 ö x+2 ì x2
lim ç ÷ lim ï = x, x > 0
75. (c) = 3 3
x ®-2 è x 3 + 8 ø x ®-2 ( x ) + ( 2 ) ïï x
= í0, x=0
x+2 ï 2
= lim ï x = - x, x < 0
(
x ®-2 ( x + 2 ) x 2 - 2x + 4
) ïî - x

1 1 Now, lim– f ( x ) = xlim

®0
(-x ) = 0
= x ®0
= 2
( -2 ) - 2 ( -2 ) + 4 12
lim f ( x ) = lim ( x ) = 0
76. (d) By observing the options x ® 0+ x®0

Let f (t) = tk and f (0) = 0

Suppose t = xy So, f (x) is continuous at x = 0
\ f (xy) = (xy)k = xk. yk = f(x).f(y) Also, f (x) is continuous for all other values of x.
Hence, f (t) = tk where ‘k’ is a constant. Hence, f (x) is continuous everywhere.
 EBD_7346
M-290 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

x-2 x-2 æ 1ö
82. (b) Let xlim = lim L. H. L = hlim f (0 – h) = hlim (– h) sin ç - ÷
®2 x -42 x ®2 ( x - 2) ( x + 2) ®0 ®0 è hø
= 0 × a finite value between – 1 and 1
1 1 1
= lim = = =0
x ®2 x+2 2+2 4
Similarly R. H. L = hlim f (0 + h ) = 0
x +5 ®0
83. (b) Let y = f–1 (x) = Also, f (0) = 0
3
Þ 3y – 5 = x 1
\ lim x sin exists.
Now, y = f –1 (x) x ®0 x
Þ x = f (y) Hence Both statements are correct.
Þ x = 3y – 5
Hence, f (x) = 3x – 5. sin x - tan x
89. (a) Consider lim
84. (a) (1) f (x) = x3 and g (y) = y3. x ®0 x
Þ f = g is a correct statement.
cos x - sec2 x
(2) Identify function is always a bijection. = lim (By L¢ Hospital Rule)
85. (c) Let f : A ® A defined as f (x) = x2. x ®0 1
Let f (x) = y \ x = f –1 (y) cos 0 - sec2 0 1 - 1
Now Þ x2 = y = = = 0.
1 1
x= y
1- 1+ x
Thus, f –1 (y) = 90. (b) Consider lim
y x ®0 x
Hence, the function has an inverse but f is not its own
1 - (1 + x )
inverse. = lim
86. (d) f(x) is continuous if xlim f ( x ) exists and equals f (a).
x ®0 (
x 1+ 1+ x ) (By Rationalizing)
®a
So, statement – 1 is not correct. Also, statement – 2 is -x -1
= lim =
87.
incorrect.
(b) First we check continuity at x = 2
x ®0 (
x 1+ 1+ x ) 2

91. (b) 1. Not necessarily true

L. H. L = hlim
®0
f (2 – h) = hlim
®0
3 (2 – h) – 2

= hlim
®0
4 – 3h = 4

R. H. L. = hlim
®0
f (2 + h) = hlim
®0
(2 + h)2 = 4
Also, f (2) = (2)2 = 4
Since, L. H. L = R. H. L = f(2)
\ f (x) is continuous at 2.
Now, we check for differentiability 2. True (Q Differentiability Þ Continuity)
L. H. D at x = 2 R. H. D at x = 2
f (x) = 3x – 2 f (x) = x2. 92. (b) To show f is one-one.
f ¢ (x) = 3 f ¢ (x) = 2x Let f (x) = f (y) (To show: x = y)
Þ x+ 1=y+1
f ¢(x) =3 f ¢(x) =4 Þ x= y
x =2 x =2
Hence, f is one-one,
Since L. H. D ¹ R. H. D
Now, ‘f ’ is not onto because every element of co-
\ f (x) is not derivable at x = 2 domain does not have it’s pre-image in domain.
1 1
88. (c) Since sin is an oscillatory function 1
x 2 2
3 3
1 4
\ lim sin has a finite value between – 1 and 1. .
x ®0 x . .
Now, At x = 0 . .
.
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-291

93. (c) 1 ............................2

ìïx 2 , x ³ 0
2 ............................4 96. (a) f : R ® R, f (x) = í
3 ............................6 ïî- x , x < 0
4 ............................8 For continuity at x = 0
. . f (0 – 0) = lim f (0 - h)
. . h ®0
. . = lim [(0 - h)] = lim h = 0
h ®0 h ®0
. .
. . f (0 + 0) = lim f (0 + h) = lim (0 + h)2 = 0 and f (0) = 0
h®0 h®0
Domain (x) Co-domain (2x)
f(x) is continuous at x = 0
For each element in the domain there is only one
For differentiability at x = 0
element in the therefore f(x) is one–one.
-(- h) - 0 h
No image in the co-domain which has no pre-image in lim = lim = = -1
the domain, therefore f(x) is onto h ®0 -h h ®0 - h
Hence f(x) both is one-one and onto. f (0 + h) - f (0)
94. (c) f(x) = ex, where x > 0 and lim = lim h = 0
h®0 h h®0
Y
f (x) is not differentiable at x – 0
x
2 sin 2
ex 97. (a) 1 - cos x 2
lim = lim
(0, 1) x ®0 x x ®0 x
x>0
X¢ X é x ù
O sin
ê 2 . lim sin ú
x
= 2 ê lim ú
x 2ú
ê x®0 ´ 2 x ®0
ë 2 û

Y¢ é1 ù
According to graph, = 2 ê ´ 0ú = 0
ë2 û
Graph of ex is not breaking when x > 0
Therefore, graph is continuous at x > 0 cos x cos 0 1
98. (c) lim = =
Statement II x®0 p - x p-0 p
g(x) = |x – 3|
sin 2x
+4
Y sin 2x + 4x x
99. (c) lim = lim sin 4x
x ® 0 2x + sin 4x x ®0
2+
|x – 3| x

(0, 1) æ sin 2x ö
2ç +4
è 2x ÷ø
X¢ O
X = lim
x=3 x®0 æ sin 4x ö
2 + 4ç
è 4x ÷ø

2+ 4
Applying limit, we get =1
2+ 4
Y¢ 100. (b) f : Z ® N and f (x) = |x|
Graph of |x – 3| is not breaking but have sharp turn at x When we draw a parallel line to x-axis.
= 3. It cuts the curve into more than one point.
So, it is continuous Therefore, f (x) = |x| is not one-one. but onto
2-x 2-x Y
95. (d) lim = xlim y = |x|
x ®2 x 3 -8 ®2 (x - 2)(x 2 + 2x + 4)
-1
= lim 2 X¢ X
x ®2 x + 2x + 4 O
Putting x = 2, we get
-1 1
2 = -
2 +4+4 12 Y¢
 EBD_7346
M-292 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

(1 + x)n - 1 p
101. (c) lim 104. (a) Function is continuous at x =
x ®0 x 2
n
C0 + n C1 x + n C 2 x 2 + .... + n C n x n - 1 1 - sin x 1
= lim æ pö lim =
x
fç ÷ = p ( p - 2x) 2 8
x ®0 è 2 ø x®
2
x( n C1 + n C 2 x + .... + n C n x n -1 )
= lim 1
x ®0 x f ¢(x)
n n n n -1 f (x) - 3 2 f (x)
lim
= xlim0 C1 + C 2 x + .... C n x 105. (c) lim = x ®0 1
® x ®0 x -3 .1
Put x = 0 Þ nC = n 2 x
1
x x (By L' Hospital rule)
102. (d) lim = xlim
®0
x ®0 1 - cosx æ xö f ¢(x) ´ x f ¢(9) ´ 9
1 - ç1 - 2 sin 2 ÷ =
è 2ø = lim
x ®0 f (x) f (9)
x 1 x
= xlim = lim 4´3 4´3
®0 x 2 x®0 x = = =4
2 sin 2 sin 9 3
2 2
x 106. (b) LHL f (2.99 – 0) = hlim
®0
(2.99 – h)
lim
L.H.L = f (0 – 0) = h ®0 x lim (2.99 – h) = lim 2 = 2
sin
2 h®0 h®0

æ hö RHL f (2.99 – 0) = hlim

®0
f (2.99 + h)
2ç ÷
1 è 2ø
=- lim = hlim (2.99 + h) = hlim 2=2
2 x ®0 sin h ®0 ®0
2 LHL = RHL
\ f (x) is continous at x = 2.99
1 æ q ö
= – ´ 2 ´1 çQ lim = 1÷ 107. (b) Statement 1 : f (x) = |x|
2 è q®0 sin q ø
= – 2 Y

R H L = f (0 + 0) = hlim f (0 + h)
®0 y = |x|
æhö X¢ X
2ç ÷
1 2 1 O
= lim è ø = ´ 2 ´1
2 h ®0 sin h 2
2
= LHL ¹ RHL = 2 Y¢
Therefore limit does not exist.
From the graph, the curve has sharp turn at x = 0.
1 - sin x Therefore, the function f (x) = |x| is not differentiable
lim f (x) lim
103. (d) x®
p = p (p - 2x)2 only x = 0, it is differentiable at x = 1
x®
2 2 Statement 2 : f (x) = ex
- cos x f (0 + h) - f (0)
= limp (p- 2x) (-2) Rf ¢ (0) = lim
x® h®0 h
2
cos x e(0+ h) - e° eh - 1
= lim = lim = lim
p 4( p - 2x)
x® h ®0 h h®0 h
2
- sin x sin x Use L’Hospital rule
and = limp = limp 8
x®
4(-2) x® eh – 0
2 2 = lim = eº = 1
h ®0 1
1 p 1 1
= .sin = ´ 1 =
8 2 8 8
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-293

Hence, f (x) is injective.

1 - e-h Let f(x) = y
f ' (0) = lim
h ®0 h
y-3
Use L' Hospital rule Þ y = 2x + 3 Þ x =
2
e– h This is injective
= lim = e –0 = 1
h®0 1
1
Therefore f(x) = ex is differentiable at x = 1. \x=
2
ìï 2 - x for 1 £ x £ 2 and y Î N but x Ï N
108. (b) Statement 1 : Given f (x) = í 2 Hence, f(x) is not surjective.
ïî3x - x for x>2
112. (d) f(x) = ax + b and g(x) = cx + d
function defined in 1 £ x < ¥ f [(g(x))] = a (cx + d) + b
the function is polynomial, so it is continous and = acx + ad + b
differentiable in its domain [1, ¥] – {2} and g [f(x)] = c (ax + b) + d
f (2 - h) = acx + dc + d
LHL f (2 – 0) = hlim
®0 Now from f [(gx)] = g [f(d)]
Þ ad + b = bc + d
= hlim h=0
®0 Þ f (d) = g (b)
lim x -1
RHL f (2 + 0) = h®0 (2 + h) 113. (a) Given f (x) =
x +1
=6–4=2
f (2) = 2 – 2 = 0 \ LHL ¹ RHL Applying componendo and dividendo, we get
Statement 2 : f (x) + 1 x - 1 + x + 1
=
f (1.5 + h) - f (1.5) f (x) - 1 x - 1 - x - 1
Rf ¢¢ (1.5) = lim
h®0 h
f (x) + 1
(2 - 1.5 + h) - (2 - 1.5) -h Þ = –x
f (x) - 1
= lim = lim = –1
h®0 h h®0 h
f (x) + 1
f (1.5 - h) - f (1.5) Now, + x = –x + x = 0
Lf ¢(1.5) = lim f (x) - 1
h®0 -h
x -1 1 + f (x)
(2 - 1.5 - h) - (2 - 1.5) 114. (c) f (x) = Þ x=
= lim x +1 1 - f (x)
h®0 -h

h é [1 + f (x)] ù
= lim = –1 2ê ú -1
h®0 - h 2x - 1 ë 1 - f (x) û
Therefore, the function is differentiable at x = 1.5 Þ f (2x) = Þ f(2x) =
2x + 1 é[1 + f (x)] ù
2ê ú +1
ì -1 for 1 £ x £ 2 ë 1 - f (x) û
109. (d) f ¢(x) = í3 - 2x for x>2
î
f (x) at x = 3 3f (x) + 1
Þ f (2x) =
f ¢(3) = 3 – 2 (3) = 3 – 6 = –3 f (x) + 3

110. (a) f ¢(2 + 0) = hlim

®0
f ¢ (2+ h) x -1
115. (c) Given f(x) =
x +1
= hlim
®0
3 – 4 – 2h = –1
f (x) - 1
Þ f [f (x)] =
f' (2 – 0) = hlim f ¢ (2– h) = (3 – 4 – 2 h) = –1 f (x) + 1
®0
So, f ¢ (x) exist at x = 2 é ì f (x) + 1 ü ù
1
111. (b) Given f : N ® N Þ f[f(x)] = - êQ x = - í ýú
x ë î -f (x) - 1þ û
\ f (x) = 2x + 3 Þ f ¢ (x) = 2 > 0
So, f (x) is increasing, " x Î N.
 EBD_7346
M-294 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

ìï x 2 - 5 , x£3 é tan k(0 - h) ù 2

116. (b) f (x) = í Þ lim ê ú = lim [3(0 + h) + 2k ] = 2k 2
x ® 0 - h ë (0 - h) û x ®0+ h
ïî x + 13 , x > 3
æ tan kh ö
To find lim f (x) Therefore, lim ç ÷ = 2k2
x ®3 h ®0 è h ø
lim f (x) é tan x ù
LHL = = 1ú
x ®3- k = 2k2 êQ xlim
ë ®0 x û
2 lim [(3 - h) 2 - 5]
= lim- (x - 5) = x ®(3-h) Hence, k =
1
x ®3 2
120. (b) The greatest integer function is continuous at all
= hlim
®0
(9 – 6h + h2 – 5) = 4 statement points except integer. Hence, statement 1is
incorrect.
RHL = lim ( x + 13) Statement 2 : Let h(a) = sin x and g(x) = |x|
x ®3+ hog (x) = sin |x|
Þ f(x) = hog (x) = sin |x|
= lim ( 3 + h + 13) = lim ( 16 + h ) = 4 Therefore, g(x) is continuous, " x Î R and
x ® (3+ h) h ®0
h (x) is continous " x Î R
Q lim f (x) = lim f (x) = 4 When both are continuous then hog (x) is also
x ®3 - x ®3+ continuous.
Thus, statement 2 is correct.
\ lim f (x) = 4
x ®3 log 5 (1 + x)
121. (b) Given equation lim
x ®0 x
117. (d) 1. lim- f (x) = lim f (x) = f(3)
x ®3 x ®3+
log e (1 + x) é loge y ù
\ lim f (x) = lim f (x) = 4 = xlim êQ log x y = ú
®0 x log e 5 ë loge x û
x ®3 - x ®3+
Therefore f(x) is continuous at x = 4 1 log e (1 + x)
= lim = log5e
2. Given f (x) = x2 – 5 " x £ 3 log e 5 x ®0 x
f ¢ (x) = 2x
f ¢ (0) = 0 é log e (1 + x) 1 ù
êQ lim = 1, log x y = ú
So, f (x) is differentiable at x = 0 êë x ®0 x log y x úû
Therefore, neither statement 1 nor 2 is correct.
118. (d) Given, f(x) = x + 13 , x > 3 ax -1
122. (a) Q lim = loeea
x®0 x
1
f ¢ (x) =
2 x + 13 5x - 1
\ lim = loge5
x ®0 x
1 1 1 Hence, option (a) is correct
Þ f ¢ (12) = = =
2 12 + 13 2 ´ 5 10
n(n + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n lim 2
ì tan kx 123. (d) lim = n ®¥ n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
ï , x<0 n ®¥ 12 + 22 + 32 + .... + n 2
119. (b) Given, f(x) = í x 6
ï3x + 2k 2 , x ³ 0
î
3
\ lim =0
When function is continuous at x = 0, then n ®¥ 2n + 1

lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f(0) n(n + 1)

x -0- +
Note : 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n =
x ®0 2
æ tan kx ö 2 2 n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
\ lim ç ÷ = lim (3x + 2k ) = 3 (0) + 2k 12 + 22 + 32 + .... + n2 =
x ®0 - h èx ø x®0+ h 6
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-295

Sol. (124-125): Sol. (129-130):

æ 2 + x2 ö ì –1 , x£0
lim ç – Ax – B ÷ = 3 ï
x ® ¥è 1+ x ø F(x) = í ax + b , 0 < x < 1
ï 1 , x ³1
î
æ 2 + x 2 – Ax – B – Ax 2 – Bx ö At x = 0,
Þ lim ç ÷ =3
x®¥è 1+ x ø L.H.L. = R.H.L.
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x )
é (1 – A ) x 2 – (A + B) x + 2 – B ù x ® 0– x ® 0+
Þ lim ê ú =3
x®¥ê
ë 1+ x ûú –1 = lim (ax + b)
x®0
Applying L’Hospital rule, –1 = b
2x(1 – A) – (A + B) = 3 Since the given function is also continuous at x = 1
Comparing coefficients L.H.L. = R.H.L.
2(1 – A) = 0
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x )
\ A = 1 and x ® 1– x ® 1+
– (A + B) = 3 a+b=1
\ B = –3 – 1 = – 4 a–1=1
A + B = –3 a = 1 + 1 = 2.
A = 1, B = – 4
124. (b) 129. (d) Function is continuous at x = 0
125. (c) lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x )
x ® 0– x ® 0+

126. (a) G(x) = 25 – x 2 –1 = a(0) + b Þ b = –1

Now, f(x) is also continuous at x = 1
Now,
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x )
G ( x ) – G (1) x ® 1– x ® 1+
lim
x ®1 x –1 a(1) + b = 1
a=1–b=1+1
a = 2.
25 – x 2 – 24
lim (÷ form) 130. (a) From solution 82, b = –1.
x ®1 x –1
Applying L’Hospital rule,
( –2x ) –2
lim =
x ®1 ì a cos x p
2 25 – x 2 2 25 – x 2 ïï p – 2x if x¹
2
132. (a) f (x) = í
–2 –1 –1 ï 3 p
= = = if x=
2 24 24 2 6 ïî 2
\ Option (a) is correct. p
127. (c) From statement-1 For continuity at x =
2
From the definition of greatest integer function
f (x) = [x] is discontinuous at x = n for any value of nÎZ a cos x
L.H.L. = lim f(x) = lim
\ Statement1 is correct p– p – p – 2x
x® x®
From statement-2 2 2
f (x) = cot x
p p
for x = p = cot p = – ¥ Put x = – h where x ® , then h ® 0
for x = 2p 2 2
f (2p) = cot 2p = – ¥
æp ö
Hence the function f (x) = cot x is discontinuous at a cos ç – h ÷
è2 ø a sin h
x = np where nÎZ. \ L.H.L. = lim = lim
h®0 æp ö h ® 0 p – p + 2h
\ Option (c) is correct. p – 2ç – h÷
è2 ø
 EBD_7346
M-296 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

é æp ö ù 135. (d) f ( x ) = 25 - x 2
êQ cos çè 2 – q ÷ø = sin qú
ë û
f (1) = 24
2 a sin h a sin h
= lim = lim
h®0 2h 2 h®0 h f ( x ) - f (1)
Þ lim
x ®1 x -1
a a é sin q ù
. 1=
=
2 2 êQ lim q = 1ú 0
ë q®0 û \ It is (undefined condition) so using L’hospital’ss
0
a cos x rule
and R.H.L. = lim f(x) lim
p +
p + p – 2p
x® x® f ¢( x ) - 0 ö¢
= lim æç 25 - x 2
2 2
Þ lim ÷
x ®1 1 x ®1 è ø
p p
Put x = + h when x ® , then h ® 0
2 2 1 1
Þ lim ´ ( -2x )
x ®1 2 25 - x 2
æp ö
a cos ç + h ÷
è2 ø a ( – sin h )
\ R.H.L. = lim = lim 1 1
h®0 æ p ö h ® 0 p – p – 2h = 2´ ´ ( -2 )
p – 2ç + h÷ 25 - (1)
2
è2 ø

a sin h é æp ö ù 1
= lim – êQ cos çè 2 + q ÷ø = – sin q ú =-
h®0 –2h ë û 24

a sin h a æ sin q ö ì ax - 2
= = 1÷ -2 < x < - 1
= lim
2 h®0 h 2 çèQ qlim
®0 q ø ïï
136. (a) f (x) = í -1 -1 £ x £ 1
ï
æ pö ïîa + 2 ( x - 1)
2
1< x < 2
Also, f ç ÷ = 3
è2ø
if f(x) is continuous at x = – 1
p
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = then, xlim (ax - 2) = lim ( -1)
2 ®-1 x ®-1
Þ a(– 1) – 2 = – 1
æpö
\ L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f ç ÷
è2ø Þ a = -1
if f(x) is continuous at x = 1
a a
= =3 2
2 2 then, lim a + 2(x - 1) = lim - 1
x ®1 x®1
a=6
Þ a + 2 (1 – 1)2 = –1
Hence, for a = 6, the given function (f) is continuous at
p Þ a = -1
x= .
2 1 - sin x + cos x
137. (c) lim
x ®p 1 + sin x + cos x
a cos x
133. (d) lim f (x ) = Using L’hospital’s rule
x®0 p – 2x
- cos x - sin x
Þ lim
x ®p cos x - sin x
a (cos 0 ) 6
= =
p – 2 (0 ) p - cos p - sin p
Þ
cos p - sin p
\ Option (d) is correct.
134. (b) f(x) = x - ( -1) - 0
g(x) = 1/x Þ
-1 - 0
Putting these values in the options, only (b) is correct. Þ –1
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-297

Between (0, p); (x – sinx) is always +ve, so f¢(x) is always +ve.

ì1
ï x¹0 Hence it is increasing.
138. (b) f (x) = íx
ïî 0 x = 0 f ( x ) = ln æç 1 + x 2 - x ö÷
è ø
as there is a discontinuity at x = 0, so function is not
differentiable at x = 0 é ù
ê 1 2x ú
ìï 2x + 5 x>0 f ¢ (x) = ´ê - 1ú
f (x) = í 2
ïî x + 2x + 5 x £ 0
2
1 + x - x ê 2 1 + x2
ë
ú
û ( )
f(0) = 5
1 æ x ö
f (x) - f (0) f ¢ (x) = ´ç - 1÷
LHD = lim– 1+ x2 - x è 1+ x2 ø
x ®0 x -0
As f¢(x) is –ve always, so this function is decreasing
x 2 + 2x + 5 - 5 x+2=2 always.
= lim = xlim
®0
x ®0 x 141. (b) f(x) = 2x – 3
g(x) = x3 + 5
f (x) - f (0) fog(x) = f[g(x)] = f(x3 + 5)
RHD = lim+
x ®0 x -0 = 2(x3 + 5) – 3
fog(x) = 2x3 + 7 = y(say)
2x + 5 - 5
= lim =2 Þ 2x3 = y – 7
x ®0 x
1
\ It is differentiable at x = 0 y - 7ù3
\ Only (2) is differentiable at x = 0 Þ x = éê
ë 2 úû
1
139. (b) f (x) = 1
x -x y - 7ù3
Þ fog -1
( y ) = éê
x -x ¹0 ë 2 úû
1
So x < 0 ...(1) x - 7ù3
Þ fog -1
( x ) = éê ú
ë 2 û
x = ( -¥, 0 )

again x - x > 0
142. (d) f (x) =
(
sin e x - 2 - 1 )
|x| >x ln ( x - 1)
it is possible only when x is negative.
x = ( -¥, 0 ) ...(2)
lim
(
sin e x - 2 - 1 ) =L
So from eq. (1) & eq. (2) x ®2 ln ( x - 1)
domain x = ( -¥, 0 )
0
140. (c) f(x) = x2 + 2cosx It is (undefined) condition so using L’hospital’ss
0
f ¢ ( x ) = 2x - 2sin x rule
= 2[x – sinx]
é
{ ( )}
–ù
y=x x -2
ê sin e -1 ú
lim ê ú
Þ L = x®2 ê ln x - 1 –
{ ( )} ú
ëê ûú
y = sinx
( )
cos e x - 2 - 1 .e( )
x -2

Þ L = lim
0 p x ®2 1/ ( x - 1)

Þ L = lim cos e
x ®2
2 -2
( )
- 1 e2 - 2 . ( 2 - 1)

Þ L = cos(0) e0.1
ÞL= 1
 EBD_7346
M-298 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
143. (a) f(x) = x3 0 2
é 3x ù
ò (2 x + x + 1) dx + ò êë 2 - x + 1úû dx
2 2
f ( x1 ) = x13 =
-1 0
f ( x 2 ) = x 32 = I1 + I2
if x1 = x2 0
æ 2 x2 1 3 ö
then f(x1) = f(x2) + x + x ÷÷
I1 = çç
So it is one-one function è 2 3 ø -1
Hence option (a) is correct.
æ 1 ö
= (0 + 0 + 0) - ç (-1)2 + (-1)3 + (-1) ÷
ì -2sin x if x £ -p 2 è 3 ø
ï
144. (c) ï -p < x < p
Q f (x) = íA sin x + B if 2 2 æ 1 ö 1
ï = - ç1 - - 1÷ =
ïî cos x if x³ p è 3 ø 3
2
2
Q f(x) is continuous every where : é 3x ù
I2 = ò êë 2 - x 2 + 1ú dx
û
\ lim + f (x) = lim –f (x) 0
x® p x® p
2 2
2
lim cos x = lim A sin x + B é 3 x2 1 3 ù
Þ x ®p x ®p
=ê - x + xú
2 2
ë2 2 3 û0
Þ A+ B= 0 ... (1)
Also; lim f (x) = lim f (x) æ3 1 ö
x ®- p + x ® -p -
= ç ´ 4 - ´ 8 + 2 ÷ - (0)
2 2 è4 3 ø
lim A sin x + B = lim - 2sin x 8 7
Þ x ®- p
2
x ®- p
2 = 5- =
3 3
Þ –A+ B = 2 ... (2)
is from eq (1) & (2) we get, 1 7
A= –1 Area = I1 + I 2 = +
3 3
145. (a) Put the value of A in eq. (2) we get :
Þ B= 1 8
146. (c) f(x) = x | x | – 1 Area = square units.
3
ì 3x
ïì x - 1 x > 0
2
ï x>0 148. (b) f ( x) =| x –1| + x 2 " xÎR
f ( x) = í g ( x) = í 2
2
ïî- x - 1 x £ 0 ïî 2 x x£0 f1 ( x) =| x –1|, f 2 ( x) = x 2
f1(x) and f2(x) both are continuous. Hence f(x) is
f(x) continuous.
(2, 3) f (x) in differentiable at x = 0
f1(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.
(1, 1.5)
g(x) Hence f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 1.
149. (b) As we know,
(1, 0)
f ( x) =| x –1| + x 2 " x Î R
(–1, –2) (0, –1)
ìï x - 1 + x 2 x ³1
f ( x) = í
2
ïî1 - x + x x <1

ì2 x + 1 ; x ³ 1
Hence f(x) and g(x) intersects at (–1, –2) and (2, 3). Þ f ’(x) = í2 x - 1 ; x < 1
î
2
f (x) is in quadratic form (parabola). Hence f (x) is
147. (b) Area = ò [ g ( x) - f ( x)] dx
-1 æ 1ö æ1 ö
decreasing in ç – ¥, ÷ and increasing ç , ¥÷ .
0 2 è 2ø è 2 ø
= ò [ g ( x ) - f ( x )] dx + ò [ g ( x) - f ( x)] dx
-1 0
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-299

150. (c) f(x) has local minimum at one point only in ( -¥, ¥ ) . ì x y³0
ì2 x - 1 ; x < 1 ï
y = í1
f ’(x) = í 2 x + 1 ; x ³ 1 ïî 3 x y < 0 function is defined for all value of x.
î
Clearly; for (x > 1); f ¢ (x) > 0 ³ & for (x < 1)
1 ìx ; x ³ 0
ï
x= is the point of local minima
2 or y = í 1 x ; x < 0
ïî 3
ïì x + x - 1 x ³ 1 " x Î R
2
f ( x ) = í 2 \ by checking
151. (a)
ïî x - x + 1 x < 1 y as a function of x is continuous at x = 0, but not
differentiable at x = 0.
Hence area required for given region is
So all of the statements are not correct.
1
1
A1 = ò f ( x ) dx 154. (d) y = x for x < 0 .
3
1/ 2

1 dy 1
Hence =
= ò ( x 2 - x + 1) dx dx 3
1/ 2 Option (d) is correct.

é1 x2 ù
1 155. (c) f ( x) = ( x - 1)2 ( x + 1)( x - 2)3
= ê x3 - + xú
ë3 2 û1/ 2 f '( x) = 2( x - 1)( x + 1)( x - 2) 3 + ( x - 1)2 ( x - 2) 3

æ1 1 ö æ1 1 1 1 1ö +( x - 1) 2 ( x + 1)3( x - 2)2
= ç ´ 1 - + 1÷ - ç ´ - ´ + ÷
è 3 2 ø è3 8 2 4 2ø = ( x - 1)( x - 2)2 [2( x + 1)( x - 2) + ( x - 1)( x - 2)
5 +3( x - 1)( x + 1)]
A1 = square unit.
12
f '( x ) = ( x - 1)( x - 2) 2 [2 x 2 - 2 x - 4 + x 2 - 3 x + 2
152. (d) Area required for given region is
3/ 2
+ 3x 2 - 3]
A2 = ò f ( x ) dx = ( x - 1)( x - 2)2 [6 x 2 - 5 x - 5]
1
For maxima and minima
3/ 2 f '(x) = 0
ò [x
2
= + x - 1] dx
1
( x - 1)( x - 2)2 [6 x 2 - 5x - 5] = 0

é1 1 ù
3/ 2 5 ± 145
= ê x3 + x 2 - x ú x = 1, 2, 2, The change in signs of f¢(x) for
ë3 2 û1 12
diffrent values of x is shown:
æ 1 æ 27 ö 1 æ 9 ö 3 ö æ 1 1 ö – + – + +
A2 = ç ç ÷ + ç ÷ - ÷ - ç (1) + (1) - 1 ÷
3
è è ø 8 2 4
è ø 2 ø è 3 2 ø
– +
5 - 145 1 5 + 145 2
11
A2 = square unit 12 12
12
\ Local Minima are
153. (d) x + | y |= 2 y
5 - 145 5 + 145
x = 2 y- | y | x= &x=
12 12
2 y- | y | = x 156. (b) Local maxima is [x = 1]
2y – y = x [for y ³ 0 ] a[ x ]+ x - 1
y=x 157. (b) Given f ( x) =
[ x] + x
2y + y = x [for y < 0]
3y = x a[0+ h]+ (0+ h) - 1
\ lim+ f ( x) = hlim
1 x ®0 ®0 [0 + h] + (0 + h)
y= x
3
 EBD_7346
M-300 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

a[ h ]+ ( h ) - 1 æp ö
= lim = lim p cos ç - h ÷
h ® 0 [ h] + h h ®0 è2 ø
( a h - 1) p
= lim = p cos =0
h® 0 h 2
= logea
RH.L. = lim+ f ( x + h)
é a[0 - h ]+ (0 - h ) - 1 ù x®
p
158. (c) lim- f ( x ) = lim ê ú 2
x®0 h ® 0 [0 - h] + (0 - h )
ë û
æp ö
= lim f ç + h ÷
a[ - h ]- h - 1 h ®0 è 2 ø
= lim
h® 0 [ - h ] + ( - h )
2
æp pö
= lim ç + h - ÷ = 0
a -1- h - 1 h ®0 è 2 2ø
= lim
h® 0 -1 - h
æpö p
f ç ÷ = p cos = 0
a -1- 0 - 1 a -1 - 1 è2ø 2
= =
-1 - 0 -1
æ pö
= lim- f ( x ) = (1 - a -1 ) L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f ç ÷
h® 0 è2ø
159. (c) Given p
Hence function is continuous at x =
ì ( x + p) for x Î[-p,0) 2
ï Statement (2) is correct.
ïï p cos x é pù 160. (d) For differentiability,
for x Î ê 0, ú
f ( x) = í ë 2û L.H.D. = R.H.D.
ï 2 Thus at x = 0
ï æç x - p ö÷ for x Î æç p , p ù
ïî è 2ø è 2 úû f (0 - h) - f (0)
L.H.D. = lim
h®0 -h
For continuity,
f(a) = L.H.L. = R.H.L. f (- h ) - f (0)
At x = 0 = lim
h®0 -h
f(0) = p cos 0 = p
(- h + p) - (p cos 0)
L.H.L. = lim- f ( x - h) = lim =1
x ®0 h®0 -h
= lim f (-h) L.H.D. = 1
h® 0
f (0 + h ) - f (0)
= lim(-h + p) = p R.H.D. = lim
h ®0 h®0 h
R.H.L. = lim+ f ( x + h) f ( h ) - f (0)
x®0 = lim
h®0 h
= lim f (0 + h)
h ®0
p cos h - p cos 0
= lim p cos h = lim
h ®0
h ®0 h
= p cos 0 = p p[cos h - 1]
= lim
f(0) = L.H.L. = R.H.L. h®0 h
Hence function is continuous at x = 0.
Statement (1) is correct. é h2 h4 ù
p ê1 - + ...... - 1ú
ë 2! 4! û
p = lim
At x = h®0 h
2
L.H.L. = lim- f ( x - h) é 1 1 ù
p p ê1 - h2 + h4 ...... - 1ú
x® ë 2 24 û
2 = lim
h®0 h
æp ö
= lim f ç - h ÷
h ®0 è 2 ø
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-301

162. (b) fof(x) = f (f(x)) = f ([x])

é 1 1 ù
p ê - h 2 + h4 ......ú æ 9ö é 9ù
ë 2 24 û fof ç - ÷ = f (-2) Q ê - ú = -2
= lim =0
h®0 h è 5ø ë 5û
L.H.D. ¹ R.H.D. = [–2] = –2
So at x = 0 function is not differentiable. gog(x) = g (| x |)
=||x||
Statement (1) is not correct.
=|x|
p
At x = gog(–2) = -2 = 2
2
æ 9ö
æpö p ( fof ) ç - ÷ + gog (-2) = –2 + 2 = 0
f ç ÷ = p cos = 0 è 5ø
è2ø 2
163. (a) lim f( x ) = a 2 a¹0
æp ö æpö x ®0
f ç + h÷ - fç ÷
2 è2ø
R.H.D. = lim è ø æxö
Þ lim f ç ÷ = a 2
h®0 -h x®0 è a ø

2 [because function value is constant]

æp pö
ç +h- ÷ -0 -
1 -1
2 2ø
= lim è = e -¥ = 0
0
164. (a) lim e x2 =e
h®0 h x ®0
165. (a) We know that
h2
= lim =0 ì x, x ³ 0
h ®0 h | x |= í
î - x, x < 0
æp ö æpö For domain, | x | – x > 0
f ç - h÷ - fç ÷
è 2 ø è2ø Case 2 : x < 0 Case 1: x > 0 Þ x – x = 0 (not possible)
L.H.D. = lim –x – x > 0
h®0 -h
Þ –2x > 0
æp ö Þx<0
p cos ç - h ÷ - 0
= lim è2 ø So, x Î (-¥, 0)
h®0 -h 166. (b) For x ³ 1
æ sin h ö lim f ( x) = lim 2 + x = 2 + 1 = 3
= lim p ç ÷ x ®1 x ®1
h ®0 è -h ø
For x < 1
æ sin h ö lim f ( x ) = lim 2 + x = 2 + 1 = 3
= -p lim ç ÷ = -p (1) = –p x ®1– –
x ®1
h ®0 è h ø

L.H.D. ¹ R.H.D. So, lim

x ®1
f ( x ) exist.

p At x = 0
Hence function is not differentiable at x = . RHL : lim+ f (0 + h) = lim 2 + h = 2
2 h ®0 h® 0
Statement (2) is not correct.
Sol. (161-162) : LHL hlim f (0 - h) = lim 2 - h = 2
®0 - h®0
f(x) ® greatest integer function f (0) = 2 + 0 = 2.
f(x) = [x] So, RHL = LHL= f (0)
g(x) ® modulus function Þ f (x) is continuous at x = 0
g(x) = | x | Differentiability at x = 0
161. (c) gof (x) = g (f(x)) fog (x) = f (g(x))
= g ([x]) = f (| x |) f (0 - h) - f (0) 2+ h-2
LHD : lim = lim
= | [x] | = [| x |] h ®0 - -h h ®0 - -h
æ 5ö é 5ù æ 5ö é 5 ù -h
gof ç - ÷ = ê - ú ; fog ç - ÷ = ê - ú = = -1
è 3ø ë û3 è 3ø ë 3 û h

é5 ù f (0 + h) - f (0) 2+h-2
RHD : lim = lim =1
= |–2| ; = ê ú h ®0 + h h®0 + h
ë3 û
=2; =1 Since LHD ¹ RHD
So, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
æ 5ö æ 5ö
gof ç - ÷ - fog ç - ÷ = 2 - 1 = 1
è 3ø è 3ø
 EBD_7346
M-302 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
167. (a) For x ³ 0 To check 2.
For x = 2.
x+ x f (x) = 3x2 + 12x – 1
f ( x) = =2
x
æ 1ö æ 13 ö
For x < 0 = 3 ç x 2 + 4 x - ÷ = 3 ç ( x + 2)2 - ÷
è 3ø è 3ø
x-x
f ( x) = =0 On putting x = 2
x
æ 13 ö
lim f ( x) = 2 f ( x) = 3 ç16 - ÷ = 35
x ®0 + è 3ø
lim f ( x ) = 0 On putting x = 1
x ®0 -
æ 13 ö æ 13 ö
f (0) = 2 f (1) = 3 ç (1 + 2) 2 - ÷ = 3 ç 9 - ÷ = 14
Þ It is discontinuous at x = 0. è 3ø è 3ø
Option (a) is correct. So f (x) attains greatest value at x = 2.
168. (c) For -1 £ x £ 2 170. (c) f(x) = [x] and g(x) = sin x
lim f ( x) = [0 + h] = 0
f ( x) = 3x 2 + 12 x - 1 x ®0 +

f '( x ) = 6 x + 12 lim f ( x) = [0 - h] = -1
x ®0 -
If we take any point in the interval [–1, 2] then f(0) = 0
f '(1) = 6 ´ 1 + 12 = 18 > 0 Þ f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0 and also g(x) is
Þ f ( x ) is increasing in the interval [–1, 2]. continuous at x = 0. (every trignometric function is
continuous).
For 2 < x £ 3
171. (d) (fog) (x) = [sin x]
f ( x) = 37 - x
lim ( fog )( x) = lim [sin x] = [h] where h > 0
x ®0 + x ®0 +
f '( x ) = -1 < 0
Þ lim ( fog )( x ) = 0
Þ f ( x ) is decreasing in the interval (2, 3] x ®0 +
169. (a) For continuity at x = 2. lim ( fog )( x ) = lim [sin x] = [ h] where h < 0
RHL x ®0 - -
x®0

lim f ( x ) = lim 37 - x = 37 - 2 = 3s Þ lim ( fog )( x ) = -1

x ® 2+ x ® 2+ x ® 0-

LHL Þ lim( fog )( x) does not exist.

x®0
2
lim f ( x) = lim 3x + 12 x - 1
x ®2 -
x®2 - Now, ( gof )( x) = sin[ x ]
= 3 (2)2 + 12 × 2 – 1 = 12 + 24 – 1 = 35. lim ( gof )( x) = lim sin[ x] = sin 0 = 0
f (2) = 3 × 4 + 12 × 2 – 1 = 12 + 24 – 1 = 35 x ®0+ x ® 0+
So, RHL = LHL
lim ( gof )( x) = lim sin[ x ] = sin(-1) = -0.01745
Þ f (x) is continuous at x = 2. x ®0 - x ® 0-
For differentiability at x = 2.
Þ lim( gof )( x ) does not exist.
f ( x) - f (2) f (2 - h ) - f (2) x®0
LHD = lim- = lim
x® 2 x-2 h®0 2- h-2 Þ lim ( fog )( x ) = lim ( gof )( x)
x ®0 + x ® 0+
2
3(2 - h) + 12(2 - h) - (12 + 24 - 1) 172. (c) ( fof )( x) = [[ x]] and f ( x ) = [ x ]
= lim
h®0 -h
Suppose x = 0.2

= lim
3h 2 - 24h
= lim 24 - 3h = 24 Þ ( fof )( x) = [[0.2]] = [0] = 0
h®0 -h h® 0
f(x) = [0.2] = 0
f ( x ) - f (2) f (2 + h) - f (2) Þ fof ( x ) = f ( x)
RHD = lim+ = lim
x®2 x-2 h ® 0 2+h-2 Now, ( gog )( x ) = sin sin x and g ( x) = sin x
37 - 2 - h - 35 At x = 0
= lim = -1
h®0 h ( gog )( x ) = sin sin 0 = sin 0 = 0
LHD ¹ RHD g ( x) = sin 0 = 0
Þ f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-303

Þ ( gog )( x ) = g ( x ) at x = 0 1 1 1
= 1+ + + + ....
and this is true for 2! 3! 4!
x = np, where n= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 .......
LHL = xlim f ( x) = lim f (1 - h)
Q ( fog )( x) = [sin x] ®1- h ®0

( go( fog ))( x) = sin[sin x] e(1- h ) - 1

= lim
Q sinx has value from –1 to 1 h®0 1 - h
If -1 £ sin x < 0 .
æ (1 - h) 2 ö
( go( fog ))( x ) = sin(-1) - sin(-1) 1 + (1 - h ) + + .... ÷÷ - 1
çç 2!
If 0 £ sin x < 1 = lim è ø
h®0 (1 - h)
\ ( go( fog ))( x ) = sin(0) = sin 0 and
If sinx = 1 (1 - h) (1 - h)2
= lim1 + + + ....
\ ( go( fog ))( x ) = sin(1) = sin1 h®0 2! 3!
x
e -1 1 1 1
173. (b) f (x) = >0 = 1+ + + + .....
x 2! 3! 4!
x e x - (e x - 1) e x (x –1) + 1 e1 - 1 æ 1 1 1 ö
Þ f '(x) = = f (1) = = ç1 + + + + .... ÷ – 1
x2 x2 1 è 2! 3! 4! ø
æ e x (x –1) 1 ö
= ç + ÷ , which is a strictly increasing function. 1 1 1
ç x2
è x 2 ÷ø = + + + ....
2! 3! 4!
174. (b) For right hand continuity at x = 0
Þ RHL ¹ f (1) , LHL ¹ f (1)
RHL = xlim f ( x) = lim f (0 + h)
®0 + h ®0 So f is discontinuous.

æ h2 ö
ç 1 + h + + ... ÷÷ - 1 ì -2, -3 £ x £ 0
h
e -1 ç 2! 175. (d) f ( x) = í and
= lim = lim è ø
î x - 2, 0 < x £ 3
h®0 h h®0 h
g ( x) = f (| x |)+ | f ( x ) |
h2 h3 At x = 0
h+ + + ....
2! 3! For LHD : g (x) = – 2 + |–2| = –2 + 2 = 0 Þ g(x) = 0
= lim
h®0 h g ( x ) - g (0) g ( - h) - g (0)
LHD = lim- = lim
h h 2 x®0 x-0 h®0 -h
= lim 1 + + + ..... = 1
h®0 2! 3! 0-0
= lim = lim 0
f(0) = 0 h ®0 -h h® 0
Þ f(x) is not right continuous at x = 0. LHD = 0
For discontinuity at x = 1
For RHD : g ( x) =| x | -2+ | x - 2 |
RHL = xlim
®1+
f ( x ) = lim f (1 + h)
h ®0 g ( x) = x - 2 - ( x - 2) x > 0 (and just greater
than zero)
e1+ h - 1
= lim g ( x) = x - 2 - x + 2 = 0
h®0 1 + h
Now g(x) is not continuous at x = 0, hence g(x) is not
æ (1 + h)2 ö differentiable at x = 0
çç 1 + (1 + h ) + + .... ÷÷ - 1 At x = 2
2
= lim è ø For LHD :
h®0 1+ h
g ( x) =| x | -2+ | x - 2 |= x - 2 - ( x - 2)
(1 + h)2 3
(1 + h) =x–2–x+2=0
(1 + h ) + + + ....
= lim 2! 3! g ( x ) - g (2) 0
h®0 (1 + h ) \ LHD = lim- = lim =0
x®2 x-2 x ®2 x - 2

For RHD :
(1 + h) (1 + h)2
= lim 1 + + + .... g ( x) =| x | -2+ | x - 2 |= x - 2 + x - 2 = 2 x - 4
h®0 2! 3!
 EBD_7346
M-304 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

g ( x) - g (2) 2 x - 4 - 2(2) + 4 ex - (1 + x )
Þ RHD = lim+ = lim
178. (b)
lim
x®2 x-2 x ® 2 x-2 x ®0
x2
2( x - 2)
= lim =2 0
x®2 x - 2 If we keep x = 0,it is .
0
Þ LHD ¹ RHD
Thus g(x) is not differentiable at x = 2. So, applying L’Hospital role.
176. (b) For x = –2
g(x) = –2 + |–2| = –2 + 2 lim ex - (1 + x ) 1 lim ex - 1 1 1
x ®0 = x ®0 = ´1 = .
Þ g(x) = 0 x2 2 x 2 2
Þ differential coefficient at x = –2 is given as :
179. (a) Observe the cosx graph in the figure.
g ( x + h) - g ( x ) 0-0
g '( x ) = lim = lim = 0.
h® 0 h h®0 4
177. (d) At x = 0 1
For LHL : g ( x) = -2+ | -2 |= 0
For RHL : g ( x) =| x | -2+ | x - 2 | O p
g ( x) = x - 2 - ( x - 2) = 0 2
–1
g(x) = 0
For (x = 0) : g(x) = – 2 + |–2| = 0
It is clear that, function is one – one and onto when
LHL = xlim
® 0-
g ( x) = 0
x and y are [o, p] and [–1, 1]
RHL = xlim
® 0+
g ( x) = 0
f (x) =
x
180. (b)
g(0) = 0 x -1
Þ g(x) is continuous at x = 0 a
At x = 2 f (a ) =
a -1
For LHL : g ( x) =| x | -2+ | x - 2 |
a +1 a +1
g ( x) = x - 2 - ( x - 2) f ( a + 1) = =
a + 1 -1 a
g ( x) = 0
For RHL : g ( x) =| x | -2+ | x - 2 | a
f (a ) a2
g ( x) = x - 2 + x - 2 = -1 =
a
\ f ( a + 1) a + 1 a 2 - 1
2( x) = 2 x - 4 a
For (x = 2) : g ( x) =| x | -2+ | x - 2 |
a2
LHL = xlim
® 2-
g ( x) = 0 ( )
f a2 =
a2 -1
181. (c) f (x) = x2 – 3
RHL = xlim
® 2+
g ( x) = lim 2 x - 4 = 2(2) - 4 = 0
x®2
fof (x) = f (f (x)) = f (x2 – 3) = (22 – 3)2 – 3
g(2) = |2| – 2 + |2 – 2| = 24 – 6x2 + 9 – 3 = x4 – 6x2 + 6
g(2) = 2 – 2 + 2 – 2 = 0 fof (0) = 0 – 0 + 6 = 6
Þ g(x) is continuous at x = 2.
f (f (f (x))) = f (x4 – 6x2 + 6) = (x4 – 6x2 + 6)2 – 3
At x = –1
fofof (1) = ( (– 1)4 – 6 (– 1)2 + 6 )2 – 3
For LHL : g ( x) = -2+ | -2 |= 0 = (1 – 6 + 6) – 3 = – 2
For RHL : g ( x) = -2+ | -2 |= 0 fofof (1) = (14 – 6 (1)2 + 6)2 – 3
= (1 – 6 + 6) – 3 = – 2
For (x = –1) : g ( x) = -2+ | -2 |= 0
182. (c) f (x) = px + q , g (x) = mx + n
lim g ( x) = 0
\ LHL = x ®- f (g (x)) = g (f (x))
1-
Þ f (mx + n) = g (px + q)
lim g ( x ) = 0
RHL = x ®- Þ p (mx +n) + q = m (px + q) + n
1+
Þ pmx + pn + q = pmx + mq + n
g(–1) = 0
Þ pn + q = mq + n
Þ g(x) is differentiable at x = –1.
Þ f (n) = g (q)
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-305

F ( x ) - F (1)
183. (c) lim
x ®1 ì -x
x -1 ï 2 ,x ¹ 0
190. (c) f (x ) = í x
F( n ) - F(a ) ï 0, x = 0
We know, x ®a
lim
= F' ( a ) î
x-a
d æ 2 ö ì -x
\ F (x) =
'
ç 9-x ÷ ï ,x ¹ 0
dx è ø = í| x |
ï0, x = 0.
1( 0 - 2x ) -x î
= =
2
2 9-x 9 - x2
-h h
f (0 + h ) = = -1; f ( 0 - h ) = = 1
-1 -1 -1 h h
F' (1) = = =
9 -1 8 2 2 So, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
191. (a) x + x2 is continuous at x = 0
ì x - 0 = x , x is rational
184. (d) ( f - g )( x ) = í
î0 - x = - x , x is irrational x + cos
1
is discontinuous at x = 0
Clearly, f – g is one – one and onto. x

185. (c) ì 2x + 1, -3 < x < -2 1

ï x 2 + cos is not continuous at x = 0.
f ( x ) = í x - 1, -2 £ x < 0 x
ï x + 2, 0 £ x <1
î
ì1 - x 2 for 0 < x £ 1
Here, f (0–) = – 1 and f (0+) = 2 ï
So, f (x) is discontinuous at x = 0 and continuous at 192. (c) f ( x ) = íln x for 1 < x £ 2
other points. ïln2 - 1 + 0.5x for 2 < x < ¥
î
186. (a) If lim f ( x ) and lim g( x ) both exists, then
x ®a x ®a f ¢(x) = –2x for 0 < x < 1
lim
( x ) .g ( x ) exists. But if lim f ( x ).g ( x ) exists, then 193. (d) All statements are correct.
x ®a f x ®a
194. (d) f(x) = |x| – x3
it is not necesary that both lim f ( x ) and lim g( x ) exists.
x ®a x ®a ìï x - x 3 , x ³ 0 ìï x + x 3 , x ³ 0
f (x) = í f (- x) = í
a -1 ïî - x - x 3 , x < 0 ïî x + x 3 , x < 0
187. (b) f (a ) =
a +1
Neither even nor odd.
2a - 1
f ( 2a ) =
2a + 1 195. (b) l1 =
dx
e (
d sin x
)
a -1 2a
f (a ) +1 = +1 =
e (
a +1 a +1 sin x + h )
- esin x
l2 = lim
So, f ( 2a ) ¹ f ( a ) + 1 h ®0 h
1 l3 = ò esin x × cos x dx
-1
æ 1ö a 1- a æ a - 1ö
Now, f ç ÷ = = = -ç = -f ( a )
è aø 1 1+ a è a + 1ø÷
e ( ) - esin x
+1 sin x + h

188. (a) n
a
f (x) = x , n ¹ 0 This function is differentiable for all
l2 = lim
h ®0 h
=
d sin x
dx
e = l1 ( )
values of n, except 0. Hence n Î (1, ¥ )
l3 = ò esin x × cos x dx
ln x l n 5´ln x
189. (a) y=h =e
Let sin x = t Þ cos x dx = dt
Þ ln y = ln 5´ ln x
l3 = ò e t × dt = e t + c = esin x + c.
1
1 ln 5
Þ ln x = × ln y = lny
ln 5 d
dx
d
dx
( d
)
( l3 ) = esin x + c = esin x = l1 = l2
dx
( )
1
ln 5
Þx=y , y > 0.
 EBD_7346
M-306 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

sin x cos x 2
lim = l and lim =m xe - x
196. (c) p x x ®¥ x f '( x ) =
x® 2
2 1 - e- x
sin x 1 2 cos x f ' (x) is defined for all values of x, except 0.
lim = = ; lim =0 \ f(x) is differentiable on (–¥, 0) È (0, ¥)
p x p p x ®¥ x
x®
2 2 201. (b) f ( x) = x ( x - x +1 )
2
\l = ,m = 0
p
f (x) =
x ( x – x +1 )( x + x +1 )
( )
2
x x + x +1
197. (b) y= Þ y ³ 0.
1 + x4 x ( x – x –1) –x
= =
2 x+ x +1 x + x +1
x 1
Also, y = =
1+ x 4 2 1
x + 2 Hence, f(x) is continuous as well as differentiable at x = 0.
x
x
1 202. (c) f (x) = ,x ¹ 0.
Þy£ . x
2
\ The graph is discontinious at x = 0, and correctly
x2 shown in option (e).
\ belongs to .
1 + x4 203. (d) f(x) = (g(x))2 – g(x)
198. (a) f(x) = [x] sin (px) at x = k. Given, g(x) is greatest integer function. So, g(x) = [x].
\ f(x) = [x]2 – [x]
f ( k ) - f ( k - h) f(x) is discontinuous at every integer except x = 1
Left hand derivative, lim (k-integer)
h ®0 h
4x + x 4 æ1+ x ö
[ k ] sin kp - [ k - h ] sin (k - h) p 205. (b) f ( x) = , g ( x ) = ln ç
= lim 1 + 4x 3 è 1 - x ÷ø
h ®0 h
- ( k - 1) sin ( k - h ) p æ æ e -1 ö ö
= lim ç 1+ ç e +1 ÷ ÷
h ®0 h æ e -1 ö è ø ÷ = ln æ e + 1 + e - 1 ö
sin kp = 0 and sin (kp – q) = (–1)k–1 sin q.
gç ÷ = ln ç ç ÷
è e +1 ø ç æ e -1 ö ÷ è e + 1- e +1 ø
ç 1- ç e + 1 ÷ ÷
- ( k -1) - (1)
k -1
sin p è è øø
= lim ´p
h®0 hp
æ 2l ö
k -1 = ln ç ÷ = ln e = 1
- ( k - 1)( -1) sin p è 2ø
= lim ´p
h ®0 hp
4 (1) + (1)
4
= p (k – 1) (–1)k æ e - 1ö 4 +1 5
fo g ç ÷ = f (1) = = = =1
è e + 1ø 1 + 4 (1)
3 1 +4 5
x
199. (c) f ( x) =
2
- 1, [ 0, p ]
206. (d) Given, f(x) = |x + 1|.
æx ö
tan× f ( x ) = tan ç - 1÷ Let us check all options.
è2 ø (a) f(x)2 = |x2 + 1|
1 1 (f(x))2 = (x + 1)2.
= is discontinuous at x = 2
f (x) x So, f(x)2 ¹ (f(x))2
-1
2 (b) f(|x|) = ||x| + 1|
tan.f(x) is discontinuous for x = 2 in [0, p] |f(x)| = ||x + 1|| = |x + 1|
2 f(x) ¹ |f(x)|
200. (c) f ( x ) = 1 - e- x
(c) f(x + y) = |x + y + 1|
1
. æç -e - x ö÷ (-2x)
2
f '( x ) = f(x) + f(y) = |x + 1| + |y + 1|
2 è ø f(x + y) ¹ f(x + f (y))
2 1 - e- x
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-307

x2 1
f ( x) = 212. (a) f (x) =
207. (a) | x | -x
1 + x2
for x = 0, f(0) = 0 |x| – x > 0 since the denominator cannot be zero.
\ |x| > x
1
for x = 1, f (1) == 0.5 for x > 0, x > x is not possible.
2
for x < 0, |x| > x
So, range is [0, 1)
Þ 2x < 0
208. (a) Given function is continuous at x = 0 and 1.
Þ x < 0.
\ Domain is (–¥, 0)
tan x
213. (a) lim
x®0 sin 2x
tan x
x 1
lim = .
= x®0 æ sin 2x ö 2
0 2ç
1 è 2x ÷ø

ìï x 2 ln | x | x ¹ 0 2x + 3h - 2x
209. (a) f (x) = í 214. (d) lim
ïî 0 x = 0. h®0 2h
Rationalise the numerator.
f ( h ) - f ( 0)
f ¢ ( 0 ) = lim æ 2x + 3h - 2x 2x + 3h + 2x ö
h ®0 h lim ç ´ ÷
h®0 è 2h 2x + 3h + 2x ø
2
h .ln | h | -0 2x + 3h - 2x
= lim = lim
h®0 h h®0 2h ( 2x + 3h + 2x )
= lim h .l n | h |
h ®0 3 3
= =
=0
2 ( 2x + 0 + 2x ) 4 2x
x2 - 9
210. (b) f ( x) = 215. (b) f(x) is an even function.
x 2 - 2x - 3 Let's see some examples
Given, the function is continuous at x = 3. (1) If f(x) = cos x, which is even function,
f ' (x) = –sin x, which is odd function.
x2 - 9
f ( 3) = lim (2) If f(x) = x2, which is even function,
x ®3 x 2 - 2x - 3 f ' (x) = 2x, which is odd function.
216. (d) S is not a function (By vertical line test)
= lim
( x + 3)( x - 3)
x ®3 ( x - 3)( x + 1) y

3+ 3 6 3
= = = = 1.5 .
3+1 4 2
211. (d) f(x) = 4 sin x – 3 cos x + 1 x
To find range of this function, we have to find maximum
and minimum values.
We know, for a sin q + b cos q + c, max value is

a 2 + b 2 + c and minimum value is - a 2 + b2 + c.

\ Maximum value x -1
217. (d) f(x) =
x-4
= ( 4) 2
+ ( -3) + 1 = 16 + 9 + 1 = 5 + 1 = 6
2
f(x) is defined for (x – 1) ³ 0 Þ x ³ 1 and x – 4 ¹ 0
Minimum value = - 16 + 9 + 1 = -5 + 1 = -4 Þ x¹4
\ Domain of f(x) = 1 £ x < ¥ – {4}
\ Range, S Î [–4, 6]
or, x = [1, 4) È (4, ¥).
 EBD_7346
M-308 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

sin(2 x ) sin(2 x)(2) 2

218. (a) lim = xlim
® 0 5.(2 x )
=
x®0 5x 5
2 y=1
But at x = 0, f(x) =
15
Hence, f(x) is not continuous at x = 0.
219. (a) 1 2 4

\ Range f(x) = [1, 5)

224. (a) f (x) = x2 – 5x + 6
Þ f ¢(x) = 2x – 5
Þ f ¢(x) < 0
Þ 2x – 5 < 0
5
Þ x<
2

f(x) = | x – 3 |
ì( x - 3), x ³ 3
Þ f(x) = í(3 - x), x < 3
î 2.5
x
f ¢(x) at x = 3+ = 1 0
f ¢(x) at x = 3– = –1
Thus, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 3 but f(x) is continuous
at x = 3. Hence, f(x) is decreasing in (–¥, 2.5]
f ( x + h) - f ( x ) f ( x) f ( h ) - f ( x)
2 x - sin -1 x 225. (d) f ¢( x ) = lim = lim
220. (b) f(0) = lim h® 0 h h® 0 h
x®0 2 x + tan -1 x
f ( x )[ f (h) - 1] f ( x)[h g ( h) f( h)]
= lim = lim
-1 h® 0 h h® 0 h
sin x
2-
x 2 –1 1 = ab f (x)
lim -1
= =
= x®0 tan x 2 + 1 3
2+ 1
x +1
(sin x + 1)(2 sin x - 1) 2
lim = = -3
226. (d) x ® (sin x - 1)(2 sin x - 1)
p 1
f ( x ) - f (1) -1
221. (a) lim = f ¢( x ) 6
2
x ®1 x -1
-2 x -x
Now, f ¢ ( x ) = = 227. (b) f ( x ) = ln( x 2 + 1 - x )
2 2
2 25 - x 25 - x
f (- x) = ln( (- x)2 + 1 - (- x)) = ln( x 2 + 1 + x )
-1 -1
f ¢ (1) = =
25 - 1 24 æ ( x 2 + 1 + x) ( x 2 + 1 - x) ö
= ln ç ÷
1 - cos q 2 sin(q / 2) çè x2 + 1 - x ÷ø
222. (c) lim = lim
q® 0 q q® 0 q
æ x2 + 1 - x 2 ö æ 1 ö
2 1 = ln ç ÷ = ln ç ÷
= = ç 2 ÷ ç 2 ÷
2 2 è x + 1 - x ø è x + 1 - x ø
223. (c) f(x) = x – 4x + 5 = (x – 2)2 + 1
2
f(1) = 2, f(4) = 5 = - ln( x 2 + 1 - x ) = – f (x)
So, f(x) is odd function.
Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability M-309
1+x
228. (d) f (x) = logx10 230. (c) f (x) = 3
Domain of logarithmic function is x > 0 excluding x = 1. f (x) × f (y) × f (z) = 31+x × 31+y × 31+z
= 31+x+1+y+1+z = 33+x+y+z = 31+x+y+z+2
1 - cos3 4 x = f (x + y + z + 2)
229. (c) lim
x ®0 x2
231. (c) f ( x) = (2 - x)( x - 3)
0 Here, (2 – x) (x – 3) ³ 0
The given limit is in form. So, apply L’hospital rule.
0 Þ – (x – 2) (x – 3) ³ 0
Þ (x – 2) (x – 3) £ 0
-3cos 2 4 x (- sin 4 x)4 Þ x Î [2, 3]
lim
x ®0 2x
ìsin x, x ¹ 0
2 232. (d) f ( x) = í
12cos 4 x sin 4 x î k, x=0
= lim ´2
x ®0 (2 x)2 Given, f(x) is continuous at x = 0
lim f ( x ) = f (0)
x®0
sin 4 x
= 24. lim cos 2 4 x. Þ lim sin x = k
x ®0 4x
x ®0
= 24 (1) = 24 Þk=0
 EBD_7346
M-310 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Derivatives 15
1. If u = sin –1(x – y), x = 3t, y = 4t3, then what is the derivative 7. What is the derivative of
of u with respect to t ?
p
1 (logtan x cot x) (logcot x tan x)–1 at x = ?
- 4
2 2
(a) 3 (1 – t2) (b) 3(1 - t )
(a) –1 (b) 0
1
1
(c) 2 2
5 (1 - t ) (d) 5 (1 – t2) [2006-I] (c) 1 (d) [2006-II]
2

d2 y æ 2 cos x + 3 sin x ö
2. If x = cos t, y = sin t, then what is equal to ? 8. What is the derivative of cos–1 çç ÷÷ ?
dx 2 13
è ø
(a) y– 3 (b) y 3
(c) – y–3 (d) – y3 [2006-I] 1 1
(a) (b) -
1- x 2
1- x 2
d2 x
3. If y = x + ex, then, what is equal to ?
dy 2 (c) 0 (d) 1 [2006-II]

7x
ex 9. What is the derivative of f (x) = ?
(a) ex (b) - (2x - 1) (x + 3)
(1 + e x )3
3 2 3 1
(a) - - (b) - -
ex ex ( x + 3) 2
( 2 x - 1) 2
( x + 3) 2
( 2 x - 1) 2
(c) - (d) - [2006-I]
x x 2
(1 + e ) (1 + e )
3 1 3 2
4. What is the derivative of f (x) = x | x | ? (c) 2
+ 2
(d) 2
+
( x + 3) (2 x - 1) ( x + 3) ( 2 x - 1) 2
(a) | x | + x (b) 2x
(c) 2 | x | (d) – 2 | x | [2006-I] [2006-II]
10. What is the solution of y' = 1 + x + y2 + xy2, y(0) = 0 ?
1 1 dy
5. If x + y = t - , x2 + y2 = t 2 + 2 , what is equal to ?
t t dx æ x2 ö
(a) y = tan 2 çç + x ÷÷ (b) y = tan2(x2 + x)
1 1 è 2 ø
(a) (b) -
x x
æ x2 ö
1 1 (c) y = tan (x2 + x) (d) y = tan ç + x÷
(c) (d) - [2006-I] ç 2 ÷
è ø
x 2 x2
[2006-II]
6. What is the derivative of f (x) = 1- x 2 with respect to 11. If a differentiable function f defined for x > 0 satisfies the
g (x) = sin–1x, where | x | ¹ 1? relation f(x2) = x3, x > 0, then what is the value of f '(4) ?
(a) x (b) – x (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
x x
(c) (d) - [2006-II] [2007-II]
1- x2 1- x2
Derivatives M-311

æ x -x ö dy
What is the derivative of tan -1 ç 19. For the curve x + y = 1, what is the value of at
12. ÷ at x = 1? dx
è 1 + x3/ 2 ø
æ1 1ö
1 1 ç , ÷?
(a) - (b) è4 4ø
4 2
1
3 (a) (b) 1
(c) (d) 1 [2007-II] 2
2
(c) – 1 (d) 2 [2008-I]
dy
13. If x 1 + y + y 1 + x = 0, what is equal to ? 1 dy
dx 20. If y = , then what is equal to ?
log10 x dx
1 1
(a) - (b) - (a) x (b) x loge 10
1+ x (1 + x ) 2
(log x 10)2 (log10 e)
1 x (c) - (d) x log10 e [2008-I]
(c) 2 (d) [2007-II] x
(1 + x ) 1+ x
21. If y = sin(m sin–1x), what is the value of d2y/dx2 at x = 0?
(a) m (b) m2 [2008-II]
dy d2 y d2x 2
14. If y = f (x), p = and q = 2 , then what is 2 equal (c) m + 2 (d) None of these
dx dx dy
22. If x y = e x – y , then dy/dx is equal to which one of the
to ?
following? [2008-II]
q q
- -
(a)
p 2 (b)
p3 ( x – y) y
(a) (b)
(1 + log x )
2
(1 + log x )
1 q
(c) (d) [2008-I]
q p2 (x + y) ( log x )
(c) (d)
dy (1 + log x ) (1 + log x )
2

15. If x = sin t – t cos t and y = t sin t + cos t, then what is

dx
dy
p 23. If = 1 + x + y + xy and y (–1) = 0, then what is y(x) equal
at point t = ? dx
2 to? [2009-I]
p (1+ x )2
(a) 0 (b) (1– x )2
2 e 2
(a) –1 (b) e 2
p
(c) - (d) 1 [2008-I]
2 (c) log(1 + x) – 1 (d) log(1 – x)
dy 24. If f(x) = tan x + e–2x – 7x3, then what is the value of f '(0)?
2
16. If y = sin–1x + sin–1 1 - x , what is equal to ? (a) –2 (b) –1
dx
(c) 0 (d) 3 [2009-I]
1 1
+ dy
(a) cos -1 x + cos -1 1 - x 2 (b) cos x 25. If 3x + 3y = 3x + y then what is equal to?
cos 1 - x 2 dx
p
(c) (d) 0 [2008-I] 3x+ y – 3x 3x – y (3 y – 1)
2 (a) (b)
3y 1 – 3x
17. If f (x) = loge [loge x], then what is f ' (e) equal to ?
(a) e –1 (b) e 3x + 3 y 3x + 3 y
(c) 1 (d) 0 [2008-I] (c) (d) [2009-I]
3x – 3 y 1 + 3x+ y
18. If f(x) = e sin (log cos x) and g (x) = log cos x, then what is the
26. If f (x) = sin 2x2, then what is f '(x) equal to?
derivative of f (x) with respect to g (x) ?
(a) 4x sin(x2)cos(x2) (b) 2sin(x2)cos (x2)
(a) f (x) cos [g (x) ] (b) f (x) sin [g (x)]
(c) 4sin(x2)sin2x (d) 2x cos2(x2) [2009-I]
(c) g (x) cos [ f (x) ] (d) g (x) sin [ f (x)] [2008-I]
 EBD_7346
M-312 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
27. If f(x) = cos x, g(x) = log x and y = (gof) (x), then what is the
æ xö
37. What is the derivative of x a 2 - x 2 + a 2 sin -1 ç ÷ ?
dy èaø
value of at x = 0? [2009-I]
dx
[2010-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) 2 (a) a 2 - x2 (b) 2 a 2 - x2

d2y (c) x2 - a2 (d) 2 x2 - a 2

28. If ey + xy = e, then what is the value of at x = 0?
dx2
d2y
[2009-II] 38. If x = t2, y = t3, then what is equal to? [2010-I]
dx 2
(a) e –1 (b) e –2
(c) e (d) 1 3
(a) 1 (b)
2t
dy
29. If 1 - x 2 + 1 - y 2 = a , then what is equal to?
dx 3 3
(c) (d)
4t 2

( )( ) 1 - y2 What is the derivative of sin x with respect to cos2 x ?

39. 2
(a) 1 - x2 1 - y 2 (b) [2009-II]
1 - x2 [2010-II]
(a) tan x 2 (b) cot x2

1 - x2 (c) – 1 (d) 1
(c) (d) None of these 40. If x = k (q + sinq) and y = k (1 + cos q), then what is the
1 - y2
derivative of y with respect to x at q = p/2? [2010-II]
(a) – 1 (b) 0
d2y
30. If x = logt and y = t2 –1, then what is at t = 1 equal to? (c) 1 (d) 2
dx2
dy
(a) 2 (b) 3 [2009-II] 41. If x+ y = 2, then what is at y = 1 and x = 1 equal to?
(c) –4 (d) 4 dx
31. What is the derivative of logx 5 with respect to log5x? [2010-II]
(a) –(log5 x)–2 (b) (log5x)–2 [2009-II] (a) 5 (b) 2
(c) –(1ogx5)–2 (d) (logx5)–2 (c) 4 (d) – 1
32. A function f is such that f ¢(x) = 6 – 4 sin 2x and f (0) = 3.
d2y
What is f (x) equal to? [2009-II] 42. If x = cos( 2t) and y = sin2 t, then what is equal to?
(a) 6x + 2 cos 2x (b) 6x – 2 cos 2x dx 2
(c) 6x – 2 cos 2x + 1 (d) 6x + 2 cos 2x + 1 (a) 0 (b) sin (2t) [2010-II]
33. x
If f(x) = e and g(x) = logx, then what is the value of 1
(gof)¢ (x)? [2009-II] (c) – cos (2t) (d) -
2
(a) 0 (b) 1 x ''
43. If f(x) = 2 , then what is f (x) equal to? [2011-I]
(c) e (d) None of these
3 (a) 2x (ln 2)2 (b) x (x – 1)2x–2
34. Let g(x) = x – 4x + 6. If f ¢(x) = g¢(x) and f(1) = 2, then what is
(c) 2x + 1 (ln 2) (d) 2x (log10 2)2
f(x) equal to? [2009-II]
(a) x3 – 4x + 3 (b) x3– 4x + 6 æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1ö
dy
(c) x3 – 4x + 1 (d) x3 – 4x + 5 44. If y = ç1 + x 4 ÷ ç1 + x 2 ÷ç1 - x 4 ÷ , then what is equal
ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ dx
ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷
æ 4x ö dy è øè øè ø
35. If y = sin–1 ç 2 ÷ , then what is dx equal to?
è 1 + 4x ø to? [2011-II]
(a) 1 (b) – 1
1 1
(a) (b) – [2010-I] 1
1 + 4x 2 1 + 4x 2 (c) x (d) x2
4 4x
(c) (d) dy p
1 + 4x 2
1 + 4x2 45. If y = ln tan x , then what is the value of at x = ?
dx 4
36. What is the differentiation of logx x with respect to ln x?
(a) 0 (b) – 1 [2011-II]
(a) 0 (b) 1 [2010-I]
(c) 1 / 2 (d) 1
(c) 1/x (d) x
Derivatives M-313

46. If f (x) = x2 – 6x + 8 and there exists a point c in the interval 54. The derivative of | x| at x = 0 [2013-I]
[2, 4] such that f ¢(c) = 0, then what is the value of c? (a) is 1 (b) is – 1
(a) 2.5 (b) 2.8 [2012-I] (c) is 0 (d) does not exist
(c) 3 (d) 3.5
d2 y b
x +1 dy 55. If y = sin (ax + b), then what is at x = - , where a, b
2 a
47. If y = , then what is equal to? [2012-I] dx
x -1 dx
are constants and a ¹ 0?
-2 (a) 0 (b) –1
-2
(a) (b) 2 (c) sin (a – b) (d) sin (a + b)
x -1 ( x - 1)
dy
2 56. If y = xx, what is at x = 1 equal to ? [2013-I]
2 dx
(c) (d)
( x - 1)2 ( x - 1) (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) – 1 (d) 2
dy 57. What is the differential coefficient of logx x? [2013-I]
48. If y = cos t and x = sin t, then what is equal to?
dx (a) 0 (b) 1
(a) xy (b) x/y [2012-I]
1
(c) – y/x (d) – x/y (c) (d) x
x
dy x 58. The derivative of sec2 x with respect to tan2 x is [2013-I]
49. If xm + ym = 1 such that = - , then what should be the
dx y (a) 1 (b) 2
value of m ? [2012-II] (c) 2 sec x tan x (d) 2 sec2 x tan x
(a) 0 (b) 1 59. What is the derivative of x with respect to x2 ? [2013-II]
3

(c) 2 (d) None of the above 3x

(a) 3x2 (b)
50. Consider the following statements : [2012-II] 2
dy 3
1. If y = ln(sec x + tan x), then = sec x. (c) x (d)
dx 2
60. If f (x) = 2x2 +3x – 5, then what is f '(0) + 3f '(–1) equal to ?
dy
2. If y = ln(cosec x – cot x), then = cosec x. [2013-II]
dx (a) –1 (b) 0
Which of the above is/are correct? (c) 1 (d) 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 61. What is the derivative of sin (sin x) ? [2013-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) cos (cos x) (b) cos (sin x)
51. If f (x) = 2sin x, then what is the derivative of f (x) ? (c) cos (sin x)cos x (d) cos (cos x)cos x
[2012-II]
62. What is the derivative of x - 1 at x = 2 ? [2013-II]
(a) 2sin x ln 2 (b) (sin x)2sin x–1
(c) (cos x)2sin x–1 (d) None of the above (a) –1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) Derivative does not exist
dy
52. If y = ln (emx + e–mx), then what is at x = 0 equal to ? 1 + cos x
dx
63. What is the derivative of ? [2014-I]
1 - cos x
(a) – 1 (b) 0 [2012-II] 1 2x 1 x
(c) 1 (d) 2 (a) sec (b) - cosec2
2 2 2 2
dy x
53. If 2x3 – 3y2 = 7, what is equal to (y ¹ 0)? [2013-I] (c) - cosec 2 (d) None of these
dx 2
x2 x dz
(a) (b) 64. If z = f o f(x) = x2 where f(x) = x2, then what is equal to ?
2y 2y dx
[2014-I]
x2 (a) x3 (b) 2x3
(c) (d) None of the above (c) 4x3 (d) 4x2
y
 EBD_7346
M-314 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 65-67) : For the next two (02) items that dy y
follow : 73. If xayb = (x – y)a+b, then the value of - is equal to
dx x
Consider the curve x = a (cos q + q sin q) and y = a (sin q – q cos q). [2015-II]
dy a b
65. What is equal to ? [2014-II] (a) (b)
dx b a
(a) tan q (b) cot q (c) 1 (d) 0
(c) sin 2q (d) cos 2q
d 2s
74. If s = t 2 + 1 , then is equal to [2015-II]
d2y dt 2
66. What is equal to ? [2014-II]
dx 2 1 1
(a) sec2 q (b) – cosec2 q (a) (b)
s s2
sec3 q 1 1
(c) (d) None of these (c) (d)
aq s3 s4
dx
67. If y = x ln x + xex, then what is the value of
dy
at x = 1 ?
75. ò 1 + e- x is equal to [2015-II]
dx
[2014-II] (a) 1 + ex + c (b) ln (1 + e–x) + c
(c) ln (1 + ex) + c (d) 2 ln (1 + e–x) + c
(a) 1 + e (b) 1 – e
where c is the constant of integration
(c) 1 + 2e (d) None of these
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 76-79): For the next four (4) items that follow.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 68-69): For the next two (2) items that follow.
Let f : R ® R be a function such that
d æ 1 + x2 + x4 ö
Given that ç ÷ = Ax + B. [2015-I] f (x) = x 3 + x 2 f '(1) + xf ''(2) + f '''(3)
dx è 1 + x + x 2 ø
68. What is the value of A? for x ÎR [2016-I]
(a) –1 (b) 1 76. What is f(1) equal to?
(c) 2 (d) 4 (a) –2 (b) –1
69. What is the value of B? (c) 0 (d) 4
(a) –1 (b) 1 77. What is f '(1) equal to?
(c) 2 (d) 4 (a) –6 (b) –5
æ 1 + x2 - 1 ö (c) 1 (d) 0
70. What is the derivative of tan -1 çç ÷÷ with respect 78. What is f '''(10) equal to?
è x ø
–1 (a) 1 (b) 5
to tan x? [2015-I] (c) 6 (d) 8
1 79. Consider the following:
(a) 0 (b)
2 1. f (2) = f (1) - f (0)
(c) 1 (d) x 2. f ''(2) - 2f '(1) = 12
71. The derivative of ln(x+ sin x) with respect to (x+ cos x) is Which of the above is/are correct?
[2015-II] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
1 + cos x 1 - cos x (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) (b) 80. If y = log10 x + logx 10 + logx x + log1010 then what is
(x + sin x)(1 - sin x) (x + sin x)(1 + sin x)
1 - cos x 1 + cos x æ dy ö
(c) (d) ç ÷ equal to? [2016-I]
(x - sin x)(1 + cos x) (x - sin x)(1 - cos x) è dx ø x = 10
(a) 10 (b) 2
-1 é 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ù p (c) 1 (d) 0
72. If y = cot ê ú , where 0 < x < , then
ë 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x û 2 DIRECTIONS (Qs. 81-83): For the next three (3) items that
follow.
dy
is equal to [2015-II] Consider the following for the next three (03) items that follow:
dx
2
1 Let f(x) = éë x – x –1 ùû [2016-II]
(a) (b) 2
2 81. What is f '(x) equal to when x>1?
(c) sin x + cos x (d) sin x – cos x (a) 0 (b) 2x – 1
(c) 4x – 2 (d) 8x – 4
Derivatives M-315

82. What is f '(x) equal to when 0< x <1?

2
(a) 0 (b) 2x – 1 (c) for all | x | < 1
(c) 4x – 2 (d) 8x – 4 1 + x2
83. Which of the following equations is/are correct? (d) None of the above
1. f(–2) = f (5) 89. What is the derivative of the function [2018-I]
p
2. f "(–2) + f "(0.5) + f "(3) = 4 f ( x ) = e tan x + ln ( sec x ) - el n x at x = ?
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 4
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only e
(a) (b) e
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 2
(c) 2e (d) 4e
84. Let ¦ (x + y) = ¦ (x) ¦ (y) for all x and y. Then what is ¦ '(5)
equal to [where ¦ '(x) is the derivative of ¦ (x)]? x 2 dy
90. If y = e sin 2x, then what is at x = p equal to?
[2017-I] dx
(a) ¦ (5) ¦ '0 (b) ¦ (5) – ¦ ' (0) [2018-I]
(c) ¦ (5) ¦ (0) (d) f (5) + ¦ '(0) 2 2
(a) (1 + p ) e p (b) 2p ep
85.
2
(
What is the derivative of log10 5x + 3 with respect to x? ) (c) 2e p
2
(d) e p
2

[2017-I]
x log10 e 2x log10 e æ 5 - 2 tan x ö dy
(a) (b) 91. If y = tan –1 çç ÷÷ , then what is equal to?
2
5x + 3 2
5x + 3 è 2 + 5 tan x ø dx
10x log10 e 10x loge 10 [2018-II]
(c) 2 (d) 2
5x + 3 5x + 3 1
(a) - (b) 1
.¥
2 x
..
( cos x ) ( cos x ) dy 1
86. If y = ( cos x ) , then is equal to (c) – 1 (d)
dx 2 x
[2017-II]
d 1 - sin 2x p p
y2 tan x y2 tan x 92. What is equal to, where <x< ?
- dx 4 2
(a) (b)
1 - y In ( cos x ) 1 + y In ( cos x ) [2018-II]
(a) cos x + sin x (b) – (cos x + sin x)
y2 tan x y2 sin x
(c) (d) (c) ± (cos x + sin x) (d) None of the above
1 - y In ( sin x ) 1 + y In ( sin x )
93. If f(x) = sin (cos x), then f”(x) is equal to [2019-I]
-1 æ x + 1 ö -1 æ x - 1 ö dy (a) cos (cos x) (b) sin (–sin x)
87. If y = sec ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ , then is equal to (c) (sin x) cos (cos x) (d) (–sin x) cos (cos x)
è x -1 ø è x +1 ø dx
[2017-II] x-2
(a) 0 (b) 1 94. If f(x) = , x ¹ -2, then what is f –1(x) equal to ?
x+2
x -1 x +1 [2019-I]
(c) (d)
x +1 x -1
4( x + 2) x+2
-1 æ 2x ö dy (a) (b)
88. If y = cos ç ÷ , then is equal to [2017-II] x-2 4( x - 2)
è 1+ x2 ø dx
x+2 2(1 + x )
2 (c) (d)
(a) - for all | x | < 1 x-2 1- x
1 + x2
2
(b) - for all | x | > 1
1 + x2
 EBD_7346
M-316 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

ANSWER KEY
1 (b) 11 (c) 21 (d) 31 (a) 41 (d) 51 (d) 61 (c) 71 (a) 81 (a) 91 (a)
2 (c) 12 (a) 22 (d) 32 (d) 42 (a) 52 (b) 62 (c) 72 (a) 82 (d) 92 (a)
3 (b) 13 (b) 23 (a) 33 (b) 43 (a) 53 (c) 63 (b) 73 (d) 83 (a) 93 (d)
4 (c) 14 (b) 24 (b) 34 (d) 44 (b) 54 (d) 64 (c) 74 (c) 84 (a) 94 (d)
5 (c) 15 (a) 25 (b) 35 (c) 45 (d) 55 (a) 65 (a) 75 (c) 85 (c)
6 (b) 16 (d) 26 (a) 36 (a) 46 (c) 56 (b) 66 (c) 76 (d) 86 (a)
7 (b) 17 (a) 27 (a) 37 (a) 47 (b) 57 (a) 67 (c) 77 (b) 87 (a)
8 (d) 18 (a) 28 (b) 38 (c) 48 (d) 58 (a) 68 (c) 78 (c) 88 (a)
9 (a) 19 (c) 29 (d) 39 (c) 49 (c) 59 (b) 69 (a) 79 (c) 89 (c)
10 (d) 20 (c) 30 (d) 40 (a) 50 (c) 60 (b) 70 (b) 80 (d) 90 (c)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) u = sin–1 (x – y) and x = 3t, y = 4t3
dx 1
So, u = sin–1(3t – 4t3) Þ =
dy 1 + e x
Let t = sin q Þ q = sin–1 t,
So, u = sin–1(3sinq – 4sin3q) Differentiating w. r. t. y
= sin–1(sin 3q) = 3q d2 x (1)(e x ) dx
Hence, u = 3 sin–1 t =- .
dy2 (1 + e x )2 dy
du 1
=3 = 3(1 – t2)–1/2 ex 1 ex
dt 1- t 2 =- . =-
(1 + e x )2 (1 + e x ) (1 + e x )3
2. (c) Given that x = cos t, y = sin t 4. (c) Given that f (x) = x | x |
dx dy |x|
Þ = - sin t and = cot t f ' (x) = x. + | x | [Since f ' (uv) = u.f '(v) + v.f '(u)]
dt dt x
=|x| +| x|= 2|x| Here, u = x, v = | x |
dy
1 2 1
Þ
dy dt
= =-
cos t
Þ
dy
= - cot t 5. (c) Given that x + y = t - and x2 + y2 = t + 2
t t
dx dx sin t dx
2 2 2
\ (x + y) = x + y + 2xy
dt
2
æ 1ö æ 2 1ö
2
d y dt 1 1 Þ ç t - ÷ = ç t + 2 ÷ + 2xy
Þ = cosec 2 t. = cosec2 t. =- 3 è tø è t ø
2 dx - sin t
dx sin t – 2 = 2xy Þ xy = – 1
(x – y)2 = (x + y)2 – 4xy
d2 y
Þ = - y -3 æ 1ö
2
1 æ 1ö
2
dx 2 = ç t - ÷ – 4 × – 1 = t2 + – 2 + 4 = çt + ÷
è tø t2 è tø
3. (b) Given that y = x + ex
Differentiating w. r. t. x 1
x–y= t +
t
dy
= 1 + ex 1
dx Þ x = t, y = -
t
Derivatives M-317

xy = – 1
æ 2 3 ü
dy cos -1 ç cos x . + sin x. ý ...(i)
Þ x +y=0 è 13 13 þ
dx
2 3
dy y 1 1 Let = cos q and = sin q
Þ =- = = 13 13
2
dx x t x2
3
d
( 1 - x2 ) 13 = 3
d ( 1 - x 2 ) dx
6. (b) Here, = is to be found. Þ tan q = 2 2
d (sin -1 x) d
(sin -1 x)
dx 13
So, (i), cos–1 (cos x cos q + sin x sin q)
2
f (x) = 1 - x
where q = tan –1 æç ö÷
3
d 1 è 2ø
So, f '(x) = ( 1 - x 2 ) = f '(x) ( -2x)
dx –1
= cos (cos (x– q)) = x – q
2 1- x2
hence , f ' (x) = 1 (Q q is a constant)
-x
Þ f '(x) = ... (i) 7x
1 - x2 9. (a) Given function is f (x) =
(2x - 1) (x + 3)
Also, g(x) = sin –1x
Breaking into partial fraction
1
g '(x) = ... (ii) 1 3
We get, f (x) = +
1 - x2 2x - 1 x + 3
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
f '(x) -x / 1 - x 2
\ = (using Eqs. (i) and (ii)) 2 3
g '(x) 1/ 1 - x 2 f ¢(x) = - -
2
(2x - 1) (x + 3) 2
=– x
7. (b) The given function, 10. (d) Given differential equation is
f (x) = (log tan x cot x) (log cot x tan x)–1 dy
= 1 + x + y 2 + xy 2
-1 dx
æ log cot x öæ log tan x ö
=ç ÷ç ÷
è log tan x øè log cot x ø Þ
dy
= (1 + x) (1 + y 2 )
dx
æ log cot x ö æ log cot x ö
=ç ÷ç ÷ dy
è log tan x ø è log tan x ø Þ = (1 + x) dx
1 + y2
2
æ 1 ö
æ log cot x ö ç log tan x ÷
2
æ log tan x ö
2 x2
=ç = = - Þ tan -1 y = +x +c
÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ =1 2
è log tan x ø çç log tan x ÷÷ è log tan x ø
è ø Given that when x = 0, y (0) = 0. Hence, c = 0
Þ f (x) = 1 (constant function). æ x2 ö
Þ f ' (x) = 0 Þ y = tan ç + x÷
ç 2 ÷
è ø
p
and this is true for 0 < x < 11. (c) According to given relation.
2
Q f (x2) = x3
Þ f ' çæ p ÷ö = 0 Putting x = x
è4ø Þ f (x) = x3/2
Differentiating both the sides,
æ 2 cos x + 3sin x ü
8. (d) The given function f (x) = cos -1 ç ý 3
è 13 þ Þ f '(x) = x1/ 2
2
can be written as
3 3
Þ f '(4) = .41/2 = (2) = 3
2 2
 EBD_7346
M-318 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

æ x -x ö x -x dy
(a) Let y = tan -1 ç -1 and, = t cos t + sin t – sin t = t cos t
12. 3 / 2 ÷ = tan dt
è1+ x ø 1 + x.x
dy dy / dt t cos t
= tan -1 x - tan -1 x Hence, = = = cot t
dx dx / dt t sin t
On differentiating w.r.t.x, we get
dy 1 1 1 æ dy ö p
= . - Þç ÷ = cot = 0
è øt =
dx p 2
dx 1 + x 2 x 1 + x 2
2
16. (d) Given function is :
Now, çæ ÷ö
dy 1 1 1 1 1 1
= . - = - =- .
è dx ø x =1 1 + 1 2 1 + 1 4 2 4
y = sin –1 x + sin –1 1 – x 2
13. (b) Given equation
On differentiating, w.r.t. x, we get
x 1 + y + y 1+ x = 0
dy 1 1 1
Can be written as : = + . (–2x)
dx 1– x 2
1 –1 + x 2 1 – x 2
2
x 1+ y = -y 1+ x
1 1
Squaring both sides, we get = – =0
2
x2 ( 1 + y) = y2( 1 + x) 1– x 1 – x2
Þ x2 + x2 y = y2 + y2x Þ x2 – y2 = y2x – x2y 17. (a) The given funcion is : f (x) = loge [logex]
Þ (x – y) (x + y) = – xy (x – y) Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Þ x + y = – xy Þ y ( 1+ x) = – x
1 1 1 1 1
f '(x) = . Þ f '(e) = . = = e –1
-x log e x x log e e e e
y= which is in explicit form.
1+ x
18. (a) Given funcion is : f (x) = esin(log cos x)
Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get
Differentiating w.r.t. x
dy (1 + x)( -1) + x(1) -1
= = 1
dx (1 + x) 2 (1 + x) 2 f '(x) = esin(log cos x) .cos(log cos x). (– sin x)
cos x
dy d2 y = –esin(log cos x) .cos(log cos x).tan x
14. (b) As given, y = f (x), p = and q = 2
dx dx and g (x) = log cos x
dx 1 d2 x -1 dp 1
= Þ = × \ g '(x) = (– sin x) = – tan x
dy p dy2 p2 dy cos x
Hence,
dp d æ dy ö d 2 y
= ç ÷= =q f '(x) –esin(log cos x) .cos(log cos x).tan x
dx dx è dx ø dx 2 =
g '(x) – tan x
dp dp dx 1 q
= . = q. = = esin(log cos x) .cos(log cos x)
dy dx dy p p
= f (x). cos [g (x)]
2 1 q -q
d x 19. (c) Given function : x + y =1
2 =Þ– 2
´
p = p3
dy p is an implicit function
15. (a) As given : Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
x = sin t – t cos t and y = t sin t + cos t 1 1 dy
On differentiating w.r.t. t, we get + =0
2 x 2 y dx
dx
= cos t – {cos t + t(– sin t)}
dt dy y
Þ =–
dx x
dx
Þ = cos t – cos t + t sin t = t sin t
dt dy 1 1
Value of at x = , y =
dx 4 4
Derivatives M-319

æ dy ö 1/ 4 1
ç ÷æ 1 1 ö = – = –1 Þ ò 1 + y dy = ò (1 + x)dx
è dx øç , ÷ 1/ 4
è4 4ø
x2
1 Þ log(1 + y ) = x + +c
20. (c) Differentiating the given function, y = 2
log10 x Given
At x = –1, y = 0
We get, dy = – 1 1
. log10 e
dx (log10 x) 2 x 1
Þ log 1 = -1 + +c
2
dy (log x 10) 2 .log10 e 1
Þ =– Þ c=
dx x 2
21. (d) y = sin (m sin–1 x)
x 2 1 (1 + x )2
dy -1 m \ log(1 + y ) = x + + =
Then, dx = cos(m sin x)
2 2 2
1 - x2
(1+ x )2

d2y -1 ìï -1 (-2 x ) üï Þ 1+ y =e 2
\ = cos( m sin x ).m í . 2 3/ 2 ý
dx 2 îï 2 (1 - x ) þï (1+ x )2
Þ y =e 2 -1
m m
+ .{- sin( m sin -1 x )}.
1 - x2 1- x2 24. (b) Given f ( x ) = tan x + e -2 x - 7 x3
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
m é x -1 ù
ê cos( m sin x) ú
= 2 f ¢(x) = sec2 x - 2e-2 x - 21x2
1 - x 2 êë (1 - x ) úû
Put x = 0
m ù
- sin(m sin -1 x) ú Þ f ¢ ( 0 ) = sec2 0 - 2e0 - 21 ´ 0 = 1 – 2 = –1
1 - x2 úû
25. (b) 3x + 3 y = 3 x + y
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
Now, at x = 0 is m [0 – 0] = 0 (Q sin–1 0 = 0)
dx2 dy æ dy ö
3x log 3 + 3 y log 3 = 3x+ y log 3 ç 1 + ÷
22. (d) xy= ex – y dx è dx ø
Taking log both sides, we get
é x y dy ù æ dy ö
Þ y. log x = x – y Þ log 3 ê3 + 3 ú = log 3 × 3x + y ç1 + ÷
ë dx û è dx ø
x
Þ y = 1 + log x dy
Þ ( - 3 x + y + 3 y ) = 3 x + y - 3x
dx
æ 1ö
(1 + log x ) - x ç 0 + ÷
dy è xø = 3x.3 y - 3 x = 3 x (3 y - 1)
Þ =
dx 2
(1 + log x )
dy 3x (3 y - 1) 3 x - y (3 y - 1)
Þ = =
(1 + log x) - 1 log x dx 3 y (1 - 3 x ) (1 - 3 x )
= 2
=
(1 + log x ) (1 + log x ) 2
26. (a) Given f(x) = sin2 x2
dy \ f¢ (x) = 2 sin x2 cos x2.2x
23. (a) Let = 1 + x + y + xy
dx = 4x sin x2 cos x2
27. (a) Given f(x) = cos x and g(x) = log x
dy
Þ = (1 + x ) (1 + y ) Consider y = gof(x)
dx
= g {f(x)}
dy = log (f(x))
Þ = dx (1 + x )
1+ y = log (cos x)
 EBD_7346
M-320 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
30. (d) Let x = log t and y = t2 – 1
dy 1
\ = (- sin x ) = - tan x x = log t
dx cos x
Þ 2x = 2 log t
æ dy ö Þ 2x = log t2
Þ çè dx ÷ø = - tan 0 = 0
x =0 Þ 2x = log (y + 1) Þ e2x = y + 1
28. (b) Given ey + xy = e On differentiating w.r.t. x, twice, we get
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get dy 2
2x d y
e2 x 2 = Þ 4e = 2
dy dy dx dx
ey + y+ x =0 ...(i)
dx dx At t = 1, x = 0
At x = 0 we get e y + 0 . y = e Þ e y = e Þ y = 1
\ By putting y = 1 in equation (i) d2y
2
= 4e 2(0) = 4 (Q e0 = 1)
we get dx
31. (a) Let u1 = logx 5 and u2 = log5x
dy
e +1 + 0 = 0
dx loge 5 log e x
Þ u1 = log x and u2 = log 5
dy 1 e e
Þ =– On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx e
Again differentiating Eq. (i), we get é æ 1 öù
ê loge x (0) – ç ÷ ú
d2y
2
d 2 y dy
du1
=ê è x ø ú log 5 = – loge 5
y æ dy ö dy
ey + e ç ÷ + + x + =0 dx ê (loge x)2 ú
e
x(loge x)2
dx 2 è dx ø dx dx 2 dx ê ú
ë û
2
d2y æ dy ö 2dy
Þ (e y + x ) + e y ç ÷ + =0 du 2
dx 2 è dx ø dx 1
and =
dx x loge 5
Now, At x = 0, y = 1
2 du1 du1 / dx loge 5
d2y æ 1ö æ 1ö
(e + 0) + e ç – ÷ + 2 ç – ÷ = 0 \ du = du / dx = – x (log x)2 ´ x loge 5
2
dx è eø è eø 2 2 e

2
d2y
1 æ loge 5 ö
Þ e 2 – =0 = –ç ÷ = – (logx 5)2 = – (log5 x)–2
dx e è log e x ø
32. (d) Given,
d2y 1 -2
Þ = =e f ¢ (x) = 6 – 4 sin2x and f(0) = 3
dx 2 e2
Consider f ¢ (x) = 6 – 4 sin 2x
29. (d) Let 1– x 2 + 1 – y 2 = a Integrate both sides w.r.t x
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
ò f ¢( x)dx = ò (6 – 4sin 2 x)dx
1 1(–2 y ) dy
(–2 x ) + =0 4(– cos 2 x)
2 1– x 2
2 1 – y 2 dx f(x) = 6x – +c
2
Where ‘c’ is constant of integration
–x y dy
– =0 Þ f(x) = 6x + 2 cos 2x + c
Þ
1– x 2 1– y 2 dx By using f (0) = 3, we have
3 = f (0) = 6.0 + 2 cos 0 + c
–x ydy
= Þ 3= 2+cÞc=1
Þ
1– x 2
1 – y dx 2
Hence, f (x) = 6x + 2 cos 2x + 1
33. (b) Let f (x) = ex, g (x) = log x
dy x 1– y 2 Consider (g of ) (x) = g [f (x)]
Þ =– = log f (x) (By defn of g(x))
dx y 1 – x2
= log (ex) (Q f (x) = ex)
=x (Q log e = 1)
Derivatives M-321

Now, (go f )' (x) = 1

36. (a) Let u = logx x = 1 (Q log a a = 1)
34. (d) Given, g (x) = x3 – 4x + 6
But f ' (x) = g' (x) Differentiate w.r.t ‘x’

Þ ò f '( x) dx = ò g ' ( x)dx du

=0
dx
Þ f (x) = g (x) + c
\ f (x) = x3 – 4x + 6 + c where ‘c’ is a constant. dv 1
Now, f (1) = 2 and Let v = 1n x Þ =
dx x
Þ 2 = f (1) = (1)3 – 4(1) + 6 + c
Þ2=1–4+6+c du du / dx
\ = =0
Þc=–1 dv dv / dx
\ f(x) = x3 – 4x + 6 – 1 = x3 – 4x + 5
æ xö
37. (a) Let y = x a 2 - x 2 + a 2 sin -1 ç ÷
æ 4x ö æ 2.2 x ö èaø
35. (c) Let y = sin -1 ç ÷ = sin -1 ç ÷
è 1 + 4 x2 ø ç 1 + ( 2 x )2 ÷ Differentiate both side w.r.t ‘x’ we get
è ø
Put 2x = tan q Þ q = tan–12x dy 1 a2 1
=x . ( -2 x ) + .
dx 2 a - x2
2
x2 a
1-
a2
æ 2 tan q ö
\ y = sin -1 ç ÷
è 1 + tan 2 q ø - x2 a 2 .a 1
= + .
a -x
2 2
a -x
2 2 a
æ 2 tan q ö
= sin ( sin 2 q ) = 2 q çQ sin 2q =
-1
÷
è 1 + tan 2 q ø a2 - x2
= = a 2 - x2
a -x
2 2
= 2 tan -1 2x
38. (c) Let x = t2 and y = t3
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx dy
dy 2 4 Þ = 2t and = 3t 2
= .2 = dt dt
dx 1 + ( 2 x ) 2
1 + 4 x2
dy dy / dt 3t 2 3
ALTERNATE SOLUTION \ = = = t
dx dx / dt 2t 2
æ 4x ö
y = sin -1 ç ÷ d 2 y 3 dt 3 1 æ dx ö
è 1 + 4 x2 ø Þ = . = . çQ = 2t ÷
dx 2
2 dx 2 2t è dt ø

dy
=
1
´
(1 + 4 x ) 4 - 4 x (8 x )
2
3
=
dx æ 4x ö
1- ç
2
(1 + 4 x )
2 2 4t
2 ÷ 39. (c) Let u = sin2x and v = cos2x
è1+ 4x ø
du
Þ = 2 sin x cos x = sin 2x
1 + 4x2 4 + 16 x 2 - 32 x 2 dx
= ´
(1 + 4 x )
2 2
- 16 x 2 (1 + 4 x )
2 2
and
dv
= – 2 sin x cos x = – sin 2x
dx
4 - 16 x 2 du du / dx - sin 2 x
= = = = -1
(1 + 4 x 2 ) 1 - 8 x2 + 16 x 4 \
dv dv / dx sin 2 x
4 - 16 x 2 40. (a) Let x = k (q + sin q) and y = k (1 + cos q)
=
(1 + 4 x )(1 - 4 x )
2 2 Differentiate both the functions w.r.t. ‘q’
dx
( 2) - ( 4x ) ( 2 + 4x) 2 = 4 = k (1 + cos q )
2 2
Þ
= = dq
(1 + 4x ) (1- 2x)(1 + 2x) (1 + 4x2 ) (1 + 2x) 1+ 4x2
2

dy
and = - k sin q
dq
 EBD_7346
M-322 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Þ
dy dy / dq
=
dx dx / dq
( 2
= (1 – x) Q ( a + b ) ( a - b ) = a - b
2
)
Þy=1–x
q q
-2sin cos
- k sin q 2 2 = - tan q dy
= -1
= = Differentiate both side w.r.t ‘x’
k (1 + cos q ) q 2 dx
2 cos 2
2
45. (d) Let y = ln tan x
(Q sin 2 q = 2 sin q cos q and cos 2 q = 2 cos2 q–1)
Differentiate both side w.r.t ‘x’
æ dy ö p
Þ ç dx ÷ p = - tan = -1 dy 1 1
è øq = 4 = . . sec 2 x
2 dx tan x 2 tan x

41. (d) Let x+ y=2 dy

Now, at x = p
Differentiate w.r.t.x, we get dx 4

1 1 dy 1 1 1
+ =0 .....(1) = ´ ´
2 x 2 y dx
tan
p
2 tan
p cos 2 p( 4)
Put y = 1, x = 1 in equation (1) 4 4

1 1 dy 1 1 1
+ =0 = ´1´ = ´ 1´ 2 = 1
2 2 dx 2 2 2
æ 1 ö
ç ÷
dy è 2ø
Þ = -1
dx 46. (c) Let f (x) = x2 – 6x + 8
42. (a) Let x = cos 2t and y = sin 2 t f ¢(x) = 2x – 6
f ¢(c) = 2c – 6
Differentiate both the functions w.r.t. ‘t’ f ¢(c) = 0
Þ 2c – 6 = 0 Þ c = 3
dx dy
= -2sin 2t and = 2sin t cos t = sin 2t x +1
dt dt 47. (b) Let y =
x -1
dy dy / dt = sin 2t = - 1 Differentiate both the side w.r.t ‘x’
Þ =
dx dx / dt -2sin 2t 2
dy ( x - 1)(1) - ( x + 1)1
=
d2 y
=0
dx ( x - 1)2
Þ
dx 2
x -1- x -1 -2
43. (a) Let f (x) = 2x = =
2
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get ( x - 1) ( x - 1)2
f ' (x) = 2x (ln 2) 48. (d) Let y = cos t, x = sin t
On again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get dy dx
f '' (x) = 2x (ln 2)2 = - sin t , = cos t
dt dt
æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 ö
dy dy / dt sin t x
44. (b) Let y = ç1 + x 4 ÷ ç1 + x 2 ÷ ç1 - x 4 ÷ = =– =–
ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷
è øè øè ø dx dx / dt cos t y
49. (c) Let xm + ym = 1
æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 ö
Differentiate both the sides w.r.t ‘x’
= çç1 + x 4 ÷÷ çç1 - x 4 ÷÷ çç1 + x 2 ÷÷
è øè øè ø dy
m. xm–1 + m. ym–1. =0
æ 1 öæ 1 ö dx
= çç1 - x 2 ÷÷ çç1 + x 2 ÷÷
è øè ø dy
Þ mx m -1 = – my m -1 .
dx
(Q ( a + b ) ( a - b) = a2 - b2 ) Þ
x m -1 dy
=-
m -1 dx
y
Derivatives M-323

m -1 æ dy xö ì x if x ³ 0
æ xö x
Þ çè y ÷ø = çèQ dx = – y ÷ø Since x = í- x if x < 0
y î
Þ m–1 =1Þm=2 \ R. H. D of |x| = 1 at x = 0
50. (c) (1) y = ln (sec x + tan x) and L. H. D of |x| = –1 at x = 0
Now, R. H. D ¹ L. H. D at x = 0
dy sec x tan x + sec2 x
= Hence, the derivative of |x| at x = 0 does not exist.
dx sec x + tan x
55. (a) Let y = sin (ax + b)
sec x ( sec x + tan x )
= sec x dy
=
sec x + tan x Þ = a cos ( ax + b )
dx
y = ln(cosec x – cot x)
d2 y
Þ = – a 2 sin ( ax + b )
dy cosec x(cosec x –cot x) 2
= = cosec x dx
dx cosec x – cot x
Hence, both statements are correct. d2 y b
Now, at x = - is
51. (d) Let f (x) = 2 sin x. dx 2 a
f ¢ (x) = 2sin x. ln 2cos x.
æ æ bö ö
52. (b) y = ln(emx + e–mx) -a 2 sin ç a ç - ÷ + b ÷ = - a 2 sin 0 = 0
è è aø ø
dy 1 d
Þ = mx - mx × (emx + e–mx) 56. (b) Let y = xx
dx e + e dx
Take log on both the sides
memx - me- mx m(emx - e - mx ) Þ lny = x × lnx.
= =
emn + e - mx emx + e- mx 1 dy 1 dy
Þ . = 1 + ln x Þ y . dx = ln e + ln x
é 1 ù y dx
m êe mn - mx ú
ë e û m[e 2 mx - 1]
= 1 = dy
e mx + e 2mx + 1 Þ = y ln ex = = (x x )ln ex
x nx dx

dy m(e 0 - 1) dy
so, = = m(0) = 0 = 1. ln e = 1
dx 0 dx x =1
x =0 e +1
53. (c) Let 2x3 – 3y2 = 7 57. (a) Let y = logx x
Differentiate both side, w.r.t. ‘x’ Þ y = 1 (for x > 0 and x ¹ 1)
dy dy
6x 2 - 6y =0 On differentiating both the side w.r.t ‘x’, we get =0
dx dx
58. (a) Let u = sec2 x, v = tan2 x
dy x 2
Þ = du
dx y To find : .
dv

54. (d) y du
Now, = 2 sec x. sec x. tan x
y = |x| dx

dv
and = 2 tan x. sec2 x
dx

x du du dx 2 sec x. sec x. tan x

0 Thus, = ´ = =1
dv dx dv 2 tan x sec2 x
59. (b) U = x3
dU
= 3x2 ...(1)
dx
 EBD_7346
M-324 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
V = x2 67. (c) y = x ln x + xex
dV After differentiating both sides with respect to x,
= 2x ...(2)
dx dy 1 x x
From (1) and (2) we get = x . + log x + xe + e
dx x
dU 3x 2 3 or = 1 + log x + xex + ex
= = x
dV 2x 2 æ dy ö
60. (b) F(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 5 Therefore çè dx ÷ø = 1 + log1 + 1.e1 + e1 = 1 + 2e
F¢ (x) = 4x + 3 x =1
F¢ (0) + 3F¢ (–1) = 3 + 3 (– 4 +3 ) = 0 [Q log 1 = 0]
d Sol. (68-69)
61. (c) sin (sin x) = cos (sin x). cos x
dx
62. (c) f(x) = |x – 1| d æ1 + x 2 + x4 ö
Redefined the function f(x) Given ç ÷
dx è 1 + x + x2 ø
ì1 - x, x < 1
f(x) = í d é1 + x + x 2 + x 4 – x ù
î x - 1, x > 1 = ê ú
dx êë 1 + x + x2 úû
ì -1; x < 1
f ¢ (x) = í1;
î x >1 d é x4 – x ù
= ê1 + 2 ú
\ f ¢ (2) = 1 dx ëê x + x + 1ûú
x
63. (b) Let y =
1 + cos x
=
2 cos
2
= cot
x
=
é
d ê
1+ 2
(
x x3 – 1 ù
ú )
1 - cos x x 2 dx ê
2 sin x + x + 1ú
2 ë û

dy x d
2x 1 1
é1 + x ( x – 1)ûù
= - cosec . = - cosec2 2 =
dx 2 2 2 dx ë
64. (c) z = fof (x) = f (x2) = x4 d é
= 1 + x 2 – x ù = 2x – 1 ... (i)
dz dx ë û
= 4x3
dx Now comparing equation (i) with AX + B, we get
65. (a) Given, x = a (cos q + q sin q) and A = 2 and B = –1.
y = a (sin q – q cos q) 68. (c)
dx 69. (a)
= a (–sin q + q cos q + sin q) = a q cos q
dq
dy é 1 + x 2 – 1ù
= a (cosq + q sin q – cos q) = a q sin q
Let y = tan ê ú and u = tan –1 x
–1
dq 70. (b)
ê x ú
dy aq sin q ë û
Now = = tan q
dx aq cos q Put x = tan q Þ q = tan–1 x
66. (c) Given x = a (cosq + q sin q)
é 1 + tan 2 q – 1ù
y = a (sinq – q cos q) and we have
dy
= tanq Then, y = tan –1 ê ú
dx ê tan q ú
ë û
d2 y dq é sec2 q – 1ù
According to question = sec2q
= tan ê ú
2 dx –1
dx
ê tan q ú
æ 1 ö ë û
= sec 2 q ç ÷
è aq cos q ø é 1 ù
ê – 1ú
é dx ù é sec q – 1 ù –1 cos q
êQ dq = aq cos qú = tan –1 ê
q
ú = tan ê sin q ú
ë û ë tan û ê ú
êë cos q úû
d2 y sec3 q
Hence, =
dx 2 aq
Derivatives M-325

é q ù é 2ù
2 sin 2 æ xö
2
æ xö
–1 ê ú
–1 é1 –cos q ù ê x x
= tan ú = tan ê
2 çè cos + sin ÷ø + çè cos - sin ÷ø ú
ê
ë sin q û q qú -1 ê 2 2 2 2 ú
ê 2 sin , cos ú y = cot ê ú
ë 2 2û ê æ x xö
2
æ x
2
xö ú
ê çè cos + sin ÷ø - çè cos - sin ÷ø ú
ë 2 2 2 2 û
æ q ö
Q 1 – cos q = 2 sin 2 and
ç 2 ÷
ç ÷ é x x x xù
ç x x cos + sin + cos - sin ú
sin x = 2 sin × cos ÷ ê
è 2 2ø y = cot -1 ê 2 2 2 2
ú
ê cos x + sin x - cos x + sin x ú
–1 é qù ë 2 2 2 2û
= tan ê tan
ë 2 úû
é xù
2cos ú
q tan –1 x -1 ê 2 = cot -1 æ cot x ö = x
Þ y= Þy= [Q q = tan–1 x] y = cot ê ú çè ÷
2 2 x
ê 2sin ú 2ø 2
ë 2û
u
Þ y=
2
dy 1
=
dy 1 dx 2
=
du 2 73. (d) xayb = (x – y)a + b
\ Option (b) is correct. taking log both the sides.
ln ( x + sin x ) = y
( )
71. (a) (say) (a +b )
log x a yb = log ( x - y )
dy 1
= ( x + sin x ) (1 + cos x )
a logx + b logy = (a + b) log (x – y)
dx differentiating both sides w.r.t ‘x’.

(1 + cos x ) a b dy ( a + b ) é dy ù
+ = 1-
=
( x + sin x ) x y dx ( x - y ) êë dx úû

x + cosx = z (say) dy é b a + b ù a + b a
ê + ú= -
dz dx ë y x - y û x - y x
= (1 – sinx)
dx
dy é bx - by + ay + by ù ax + bx - ax + ay
derivative of ln(x + sinx) w.r.t (x + cosx) is ê ú=
dx êë y ( x - y) úû x ( x - y)
dy (1 + cos x )
= x + sin x 1 - sin x
dz ( )( ) dy é bx + ay ù bx + ay
ê ú=
dx ë y û x
é 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ù
72. (a) y = cot -1 ê ú dy y
ë 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x û =
dx x

é ù dy y
x x x x - =0
ê cos 2 + sin 2 + 2sin cos ú dx x
ê 2 2 2 2 ú
ê x x x x ú 74. (c)
ê + cos2 + sin 2 - 2sin cos ú s = t2 +1
y = cot -1 ê 2 2 2 2 ú
ê x x x x ú ds t
ê cos 2 + sin 2 + 2sin cos ú Þ dt = 2
ê 2 2 2 2 ú t +1
ê x x x x ú
ê - cos 2 + sin 2 - 2sin cos ú d 2s 1
ë 2 2 2 2 û
2
=
Þ dt
( t2 + 1)
3
 EBD_7346
M-326 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

d 2s 1 1 é 1 ù
Þ = = ê1 - 2ú
dt 2 s3 x log e 10 êë (log10 x ) úû

dx æ dy ö 1
75. (c) ò 1 + e- x ç ÷ = [1 - 1] = 0
è dx ø x =10 10log e 10

ex é log10 10 1 ù
Þ ò ex + 1 dx ê Note: log x 10 = log x = log x ú
ê 10 10 ú
Let ex + 1 = t êd é 1 ù -2 1 ú
ê ê ú = -(log10 x) ´ ú
e x dx = dt ê dx ë log10 x û x loge 10 ú
ê 1 ú
dt ê =- ú
= ò t ëê (log10 x)2 x log e 10 ûú
Sol. (Qs. 81 to 83)
x
Þ log t + c Þ log e + 1 + c ( ) Given f ( x) = (| x | - | x + 1|)2
76. (d) f (x) = x3 + x2 f ' (1) + xf '' (2) + f ''' (3) ... (1)
f ' (x) = 3x2 +2x f ' (1) +f ''(2) ... (2) ì 1 x£0
ï
f '' (x) = 6x + 2f ' (1) ... (3) f ( x ) = í(2 x - 1) 2 0 < x <1
f ''' (x) = 6 ... (4) ï 1 x ³1
f ' (1) = 3 + 2 f ' (1) +f '' (2) ... (5) î
f ' (2) = 12 + 2f ' (1) ... (6) 81. (a) When x > 1
Using (6) in (5), we get f(x) = 1
f ' (1) = 3 + 2 f ' (1) + 12 + 2 f '' (1) f '(x) = 0
–3 f ' (1) = 15 82. (d) When 0 < x< 1
f ' (1) = –5 f ( x) = (2 x - 1) 2
Using this value in eqn (6) we get
f ' (2) =12 +2 ×(–5) f '( x ) = 2(2 x - 1) × 2 = 4(2 x - 1)
f '' (2) = 2
f '( x) = 8 x - 4
Using x =3 in eqn (4),
f ''' (3) = 6 83. (a) For x = –2
Putting value of f ' (1) + f '' (2) and f '''(3) in eqn (1) f ( x) = 1 so f (–2) = 1
We get
For x = 5
f (x) = x3 + x2(–5) + x(2) + 6
f (x) = 1 Þ f (5) = 1
=x3– 5x2 + 2x + 6
Putting x = 1 Hence f (–2) = f (5)
f (1) = (1)3 – 5(1)2 + 2(1) + 6 Now, for x = –1
f (1) = 4 f '' (x) = 0
77. (b) f ' (1) = –5 f '' (–2) = 0
78. (c) f '''(10) = 6 For x = 0.5
79. (c) 1. f (1) – f (0) = 4 – 6 f ''( x ) = 8 Þ f ''(0.5) = 8
=–2
For x = 3
f (2) = 8 –20 + 4 + 6= – 2
Hence f (2) = f (1) –f (0). f ''( x ) = 0 Þ f ''(3) = 0
\ Statement (1) is correct.
Þ f ''(-2) + f ''(0.5) + f ''(3) = 8 ¹ 4
2. f" (2)–2f' (1) = 2 – 2 ( – 5)
f" (2) – 2f' (1) = 12 Only statement 1 is correct.
\ Statement (2) is correct. 84. (a) f (x + y) = f (x)·f (y)
80. (d) y = log10x + logx10 + logxx + log1010 Let f (x) = ax
y = log10x + logx10 + 1 + 1 f (x + y) = ax + y = ax . ay = f (x) . f (y).
Differentiating equation w.r.t. x f (5) = a5
dy 1 1 1 f’ (5) = a5 . log a
= - . = f (5). f’ (0)
dx x log e 10 (log10 x ) 2 ( x log10)
f1 (0) = a0 . log a
= log a
Derivatives M-327
2
85. (c) y = log10 (5x + 3) = 2e + 1 – 1
= 2e.
dy d
=
dx dx
( (
log10 5x 2 + 3 = 2
1
5x + 3
))
´ log10 e ´10x
90. (c)
2
y = e x .sin 2x
10x log10 e dy 2 2
= 2
= 2.e x .cos 2x + 2xe x .sin 2x
5x + 3 dx
2
....
= 2e x ( cos 2x + x sin 2x )
y = ( cos x )(
cos x )
cos x
86. (a)
dy 2
Þ y = (cos x)y = 2e p ( cos 2p + p.sin 2p)
Þ log y = y . log cos x dx x =p
Differentiating on both sides, we get 2
= 2e p (1 + 0 )
1 dy dy
× = y ( - tan x ) + log cos x × 2
y dx dx = 2.e p
dy æ 1 ö
Þ - log cos x ÷ = - y tan x -1 æ 5 – 2 tan x ö
ç
dx è y ø 91. (a) y = tan çç ÷÷
è 2 + 5 tan x ø
dy - y tan x - y 2 tan x æ 5 ö
Þ = =
dx 1 - log cos x 1 - y log cos x ç - tan x ÷
-1 2
y = tan ç ÷
ç æ5ö ÷
ç 1 + ç 2 ÷ tan x ÷
æ x + 1ö æ x - 1ö è è ø ø
y = sec -1 ç + sin -1 ç
87. (a) è x - 1÷ø è x + 1÷ø
-1 5
= tan - tan –1 tan x
æ x - 1ö æ x + 1ö 2
= cos -1 ç + sin -1 ç
è x + 1÷ø è x - 1÷ø
-1 5
pö = tan - x
p æ -1 -1 dy 2
= çèQ sin x + cos x = ÷ø \ =0
2 2 dx
dy 1
-1 æ 2x ö
\ =-
88. (a) y = cos çè ÷ dx 2 x
1 + x2 ø
Put x = tan q. Þ q = tan–1x p p
92. (a) For <x< ,
æ ö 4 2
-1 ç 2 tan q ÷
y = cos = cos-1 ( sin 2q ) 1 - sin 2x = (sin 2 x + cos2 x + 2sin x.cos x)1/2
ç
è ( 2
ç 1 + tan q ÷
÷
ø ) = (sin x – cos x)
æ æ p ö ö \ Differentiation = cos x + sin x
= cos -1 ç cos ç - 2q÷ ÷ = p - 2q.
è è2 øø 2 93. (d) f(x) = sin (cos x)
f’(x) = cos (cosx ) . (– sin x)
dy d æ p ö
\ = ç - 2q÷ø = – sin x . cos (cos x)
dx dx è 2
x-2
d æp -1 ö 94. (d) f ( x) y = 4 , x ¹ -2
= çè - 2 tan x ÷ø x+2
dx 2
dy -2 y x-2 y +1 x - 2 + x + 2
= , when |x| < 1 = Þ =
dx 1 + x 2 1 x+2 y -1 x - 2 - x - 2
89. (c) f ( x ) = e tan x + ln ( sec x ) - eln x
y +1 2x
Þ =
1 y - 1 -4
f ' ( x ) = etan x .sec2 x + . sec x tan x -1
sec x
y +1 -x æ y +1ö
Þ = Þ x = -2 ç ÷
æ ln x
( x ) = 1ö÷ø
d y -1 2 è y -1 ø
çèQ e = x and
dx
p -2( x + 1) 2( x + 1)
Now, y = =
æ pö tan p p x -1 1- x
f ' ç ÷ = e 4 .sec 2 + tan - 1
è 4ø 4 4
 EBD_7346
M-328 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Application of
Derivatives 16
1. Under what conditions is the tangent to a given curve at a
(a) 2r pq (b) 2 pq r
point perpendicular to x-axis ?
dy dy (c) - 2 r pq (d) 2 rpq [2006-II]
(a) =0 (b) =1
dx dx 8. What is /are the critical points(s) of the function f (x) =
x2/3 ( 5– 2x) on the interval [–1, 2]?
dx d2 y (a) 1 only (b) 0, 1
(c) =0 (d) =1 [2006-I]
dy dx 2 3 3
(c) only (d) 0, [2007-I]
2. If f(x) = (x – x0) f (x) and f (x) is continuous at x = x0, then 2 2
what is f '(x0) equal to ? 9. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using
(a) f' (x0) (b) f (x0) the code given below the lists:
(c) x0 f (x0) (d) 2f (x0) [2006-I] List I List II
3. The sum of two numbers is 20. What are the numbers if the (a) f (x) = cosx 1. The graph cuts y-axis in
product of the square of one and the cube of the other is infinite number of points
(b) f (x) = ln x 2. The graph cuts x -axis in
maximum ?
two point
(a) 6, 14 (b) 15, 5 (c) f (x) = x2 – 5x + 4 3. The graph cuts y-axis in
(c) 12, 8 (d) 10, 10 [2006-I] only one point
4. What is the slope of the normal at the point (at2, 2at) of the (d) f (x) = ex 4. The graph cuts x-axis in
parabola y2 = 4ax ? only one point
5. The graph cuts x-axis in
1
(a) (b) t infinite number of points
t Codes:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1
(c) – t (d) - [2006-I] (a) 1 4 5 3
t (b) 1 3 5 4
5. Which one of the following statements is not correct ? (c) 5 4 2 3
(a) The derivative of f (x) at x = a is the slope of the (d) 5 3 2 4 [2007-I]
graph of f (x) at the point [a, f (a)] 10. If x + y = 12, what is the maximum value of xy?
(b) f (x) has a positive derivative at x = a means f (x) (a) 25 (b) 36
increases as x increases from 'a' (c) 49 (d) 64 [2007-I]
(c) The sum of two differentiable functions is 11. What is the x-coordinate of the point on the curve f (x) =
differentiable x (7x – 6), where the tangent is parallel to x-axis?
(d) If a function is continuous at a point, it is also
differentiable at the same point. [2006-II] 1 2
(a) – (b)
6. Which one of the following statements is correct in 3 7
respect of the curve 4y – x2 – 8 = 0 ? 6 1
(a) The curve is increasing in (– 4, 4) (c) (d) [2007-I]
7 2
(b) The curve is increasing in (– 4, 0)
(c) The curve is increasing in (0, 4) 1 d2 y æ p pö
(d) The curve is decreasing in (– 4, 4) [2006-II] 12. If sin x cos y = , then what is the value of 2 at ç , ÷ ?
2 dx è 4 4ø
7. What is the minimum value of px + qy (p > 0, q > 0) when
xy = r2 ? (a) –4 (b) –2
(c) –6 (d) 0 [2007-I]
Application of Derivatives M-329

25. f(x) = cos x is monotonic decreasing under which one of the

13. What is the interval in which the function f (x) = 9 – x 2
following conditions? [2008-II]
is increasing? (f (x)>0) p p
(a) 0 < x < only (b) < x < p only
(a) 0< x < 3 (b) –3< x < 0 2 2
(c) 0 < x < p (d) 0 < x < 2p
(c) 0< x < 9 (d) –3< x < 3 [2007-I]
14. A wire 34 cm long is to be bent in the form of a quadrilateral 26. What is the minimum value of 2x2 –3x + 5? [2008-II]
of which each angle is 90°. What is the maximum area which (a) 0 (b) 3/4
can be enclosed inside the quadrilateral? (c) 31/4 (d) 31/8
(a) 68 cm2 (b) 70 cm2 27. Assertion (A) : The tangent to the curve y = x3 – x2 – x + 2
(c) 71.25 cm 2 (d) 72. 25 cm2 [2007-I] at (1, 1) is parallel to the x-axis.
15. Which one of the following is correct ? The function Reason (R) : The slope of the tangent to the curve at (1, 1)
f (x) = (x – 1) ex + 1 is [2007-II]
is zero. [2009-I]
(a) negative for all x > 0 (b) positive for all x > 0
(c) increasing for all x (d) decreasing for all x (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
16. The motion of a particle is described as s = 2 – 3t + 4t3. What of A
is the acceleration of the particle at the point where its (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
velocity is zero? of A
(a) 0 (b) 4 unit (c) A is true but R is false
(c) 8 unit (d) 12 unit [2007-II] (d) A is false but R is true
17. What is the product of two parts of 20, such that the product
28. The function f(x) = x2 – 2x increases for all [2009-I]
of one part and the cube of the other is maximum?
(a) x > – 1 only (b) x < – 1 only
(a) 75 (b) 91
(c) 84 (d) 96 [2007-II] (c) x > 1 only (d) x < 1 only
18. What is the maximum slope of the curve 29. Let a and b be two distinct roots of a polynomial equation
y = – x3 + 3x2 + 2x – 27 ? f (x) = 0. Then there exists at least one root lying between a
(a) 1 (b) 2 and b of the polynomial equation. [2009-I]
(c) 5 (d) – 23 [2007-II] (a) f (x) = 0 (b) f '(x) = 0
19. What is the area of the largest rectangular field which can (c) f "(x) = 0 (d) None of these
be enclosed with 200 m of fencing ?
30. The profit function, in rupees, of a firm selling x items
(a) 1600 m2 (b) 2100 m2
(c) 2400 m2 (d) 2500 m2 [2008-I]
( x ³ 0) per week is given by P(x) = – 3500 + (400 – x)x. How
2 many items should the firm sell so that the firm has maximum
20. What is the smallest value of m for which f(x) = x + mx + 5 is
profit? [2009-I]
increasing in the interval 1 £ x £ 2?
(a) m = 0 (b) m = – 1 (a) 400 (b) 300
(c) m = – 2 (d) m = – 3 [2008-I] (c) 200 (d) 100
21. What is the maximum value of x . y subject to the condition 31. A stone thrown vertically upward satisfies the equation
x + y = 8? s = 64t – 16t2, where s is in meter and t is in second. What is
(a) 8 (b) 16 the time required to reach the maximum height? [2009-I]
(c) 24 (d) 32 [2008-I] (a) 1s (b) 2s
22. What is the equation of the curve whose slope at any point
(c) 3s (d) 4s
is equal to 2x and which passes through the origin?
32. If f (x) = 3x2 + 6x – 9, then [2009-I]
[2008-II]
(a) f (x) is increasing in (–1, 3)
(a) y (1 – x ) = x 2 (b) y 2 (1 + x 2 ) = x 4
(b) f (x) is decreasing in (3, ¥)
(c) y 2 = ( x + 1)
2
(d) y = x2 (c) f (x) is increasing in (–¥, –1)
23. What is the maximum value of the function log x – x ? (d) f (x) is decreasing in (–¥, –1)
[2008-II] 33. If x cos q + y sin q = 2 is perpendicular to the line x – y = 3,
(a) –1 (b) 0 then what is one of the value of q? [2009-I]
(c) 1 (d) ¥ (a) p/6 (b) p/4
24. A rectangular box with a cover is to have a square base. The (c) p/2 (d) p/3
volume is to be 10 cubic cm. The surface area of the box in 34. The function y = tan–1 x – x [2009-II]
terms of the side x is given by which one of the following (a) is always decreasing
functions? [2008-II] (b) is always increasing
2
(a) f(x) = (40/x) + 2x (b) f(x) = (40/x) + x 2 (c) first increases and then decreases
(d) first decreases and then increases
(c) f(x) = (40/x) + x (d) f(x) = (60/x) + 2x
 EBD_7346
M-330 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
35. The velocity v of a particle at any instant t moving in a dy
straight line is given by v = s + 1 where s metre is the distance (a) must be zero
dx
travelled in t second. What is the time taken by the particle
to cover a distance of 9m? [2009-II] d2y
(a) 1 s (b) (log 10) s (b) must be zero
(c) 2 (log 10) s (d) 10 s dx 2
36. The velocity of telegraphic communication is given by dy
v = x2 log (1/x), where x is the displacement. For maximum (c)
dx
must be non-zero
velocity, x equals to? [2009-II]
d2y
(a) e 1/2 (b) e –1/2
(c) (2e)–1 (d) 2e –1/2 (d) must be non- zero
dx 2
37. What is the maximum point on the curve x = ex y?
(a) (1, e) (b) (1, e–1) [2010-I] 46. What is the value of p for which the function
(c) (e, 1) (d) (e–1, 1) sin 3 x
f ( x ) = p sin x +
38. A balloon is pumped at the rate of 4cm3 per second. What is 3
the rate at which its surface area increases and radius is p
4 cm? [2010-I] has an extremum at x = ? [2010-II]
3
(a) 1 cm2/s? (b) 2 cm2/s (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 cm2/s (d) 4 cm2/s (c) –1 (d) 2
39. 3 2
If f(x) = kx – 9x + 9x + 3 is monotonically increasing in 47. If at any instant t, for a sphere, r denotes the radius, S
every interval, then which one of the following is correct? denotes the surface area and V denotes the volume, then
(a) k < 3 (b) k £ 3 [2010-I]
dV
(c) k > 3 (d) k ³ 3 what is equal to? [2010-II]
40. Given two squares of sides x and y such that y = x + x2. dt
What is the rate of change of area of the second square with 1 dr 1 dS
respect to the area of the first square? [2010-I] (a) S (b) r
2 dt 2 dt
(a) 1 + 3x + 2x2 (b) 1 + 2x + 3x2
(c) 1 – 2x + 3x2 (d) 1 – 2x – 3x2 dS 1 2 dS
(c) r (d) r
41. Statement I : y = – tan–1 (x–1) + 1 is an increasing function dt 2 dt
of x.
dy 1
Statement II : is positive for all values of x. 48. The function f(x) = k sin x + sin 3x has maximum value at
dx 3
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above
statements? [2010-I] p
x= , what is the value of k? [2011-I]
(a) Both statements I and II are independently correct and 3
statement II is the correct explanation of statement I 1
(b) Both statements I and II are independently correct but (a) 3 (b)
3
statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I
(c) Statement I is correct but statement II is false. 1
(d) Statement I is false but statement II is correct. (c) 2 (d)
2
42. What is the least vlaue of f(x) = 2x3 –3x2 –12x + 1 on 49. Consider the following statements in respect of the function
[–2, 2.5]? [2010-I]
(a) –3 (b) 8 f(x) = x3 – 1, x Î [ -1, 1] [2011-I]
(c) –19 (d) –16.5 I. f(x) is increasing in [– 1, 1]
43. What is the interval over which the function II. f(x) has no root in (– 1, 1).
f(x) = 6x – x2, x > 0 is increasing ? [2010-II] Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) (0, 3) (b) (3, 6) (a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) (6, 9) (d) None of these (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
44. If f and g are two increasing functions such that fog is 50. The largest value of 2x – 3x2 – 12x + 5 for -2 £ x £ 2
3
defined, then which one of the following is correct? occurs when [2011-I]
[2010-II] (a) x = – 2 (b) x = – 1
(a) fog is always an increasing function (c) x = 2 (d) x = 0
(b) fog is always a decreasing function 51. The function y = f(x) = mx + c has [2011-II]
(c) fog is neither an increasing nor a decreasing function (a) maximum point but no minimum point
(d) None of the above (b) minimum point but no maximum point
45. For a point of inflection of y = f(x), which one of the following (c) both maximum and minimum points
is correct? [2010-II] (d) neither maximum point nor minimum point
Application of Derivatives M-331

52. At an extreme point of a function f(x), the tangent to the 62. The radius of a circle is uniformly increasing at the rate of
curve is [2011-II] 3 cm/s. What is the rate of increase in area, when the radius
(a) parallel to the x-axis is 10 cm ? [2012-II]
(b) perpendicular to the x-axis (a) 6p cm2/s (b) 10p cm2/s
(c) inclined at an angle 45° to the x-axis (c) 30p cm2/s (d) 60p cm2/s
(d) inclined at an angle 60° to the x-axis 63. The function f (x) = x3 – 3x2 + 6 is an increasing function for:
53. The point in the interval (0, 2p) where f (x) = ex sin x has (a) 0 < x < 2 (b) x < 2 [2012-II]
maximum slope is [2011-II] (c) x > 2 or x < 0 (d) all x
p p 3p 64. What is the minimum value of | x | ? [2012-II]
(a) (b) (c) p (d) (a) – 1 (b) 0
4 2 2
54. If the rate of change in volume of spherical soap bubble is (c) 1 (d) 2
uniform, then the rate of change of surface area varies as 65. The function f (x) = x 2 - 4x , x Î [0, 4] attains minimum
(a) square of radius [2011-II]
value at [2013-I]
(b) square root of radius
(c) inversely proportional to radius (a) x = 0 (b) x = 1
(d) cube of the radius (c) x = 2 (d) x = 4
55. If f (x) = x ln x, then f (x) attains minimum value at which one 66. The curve y = xex has minimum value equal to
of the following points? [2011-II] 1 1
(a) x = e–2 (b) x = e (a) - (b) [2013-I]
e e
(c) x = e–1 (d) x = 2e–1 (c) – e (d) e
56. What are the points on the curve x2 + y2 – 2x – 3 = 0 67. The maximum value of the function f(x) = x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 6
where the tangents are parallel to x-axis? [2011-II] exists at [2013-II]
(a) (1, 2) and (1, – 2) (b) ( 0, 3 ) and ( 0, - 3 ) (a) x = –2
(c) x = 2
(b) x = 1
(d) x = –1
(c) (3, 0) and (– 3, 0) (d) (2, 1) and (2, – 1)
68. The minimum value of the function f(x) = x - 4 exists at
57. Which one of the following statement is correct? [2012-I]
(a) The derivative of a function f(x) at a point will exist if [2013-II]
there is one tangent to the curve y = f(x) at that point (a) x = 0 (b) x = 2
and the tangent is parallel to y-axis (c) x = 4 (d) x = –4
(b) The derivative of a function f(x) at a point will exist if 69. What is the slope of the tangent to the curve y = sin1 (sin2x)
there is one tangent to the curve y = f(x) at that point at x = 0 ? [2014-I]
and the tangent must be parallel to x-axis (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) The derivative of a function f(x) at a point will exist if (c) 2 (d) None of these
there is one and only one tangent to the curve y= f[x] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 70-71): For the next two (02) items that follow
at that point and the tangent is not parallel to y-axis Consider the curve y = e2x. [2014-I]
(d) None of the above 70. What is the slope of the tangent to the curve at (0, 1) ?
58. How many tangents are parallel to x-axis for the curve (a) 0 (b) 1
y = x2 – 4x + 3? [2012-I] (c) 2 (d) 4
(a) 1 71. Where does the tangent to the curve at (0, 1) meet the
(b) 2 x-axis ?
(c) 3 (a) (1, 0) (b) (2, 0)
(d) No tangent is parallel to x-axis (c) (–1/2, 0) (d) (1/2, 0)
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 72-73): For the next two (02) items that follow
59. What is the rate of change of x 2 + 16 with respect to x2 at
x = 3? [2012-I] x2 - x + 1
(a) 1/5 (b) 1/10 Consider the function f ( x) = 2 [2014-I]
x + x +1
(c) 1/20 (d) None of the above
60. What is the slope of the tangent to the curve 72. What is the maximum value of the function ?
x = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2 – 2t – 5 at t = 2? [2012-I] (a) 1/2 (b) 1/3
(c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 7/6 (b) 6/7
73. What is the minimum value of the function ?
(c) 1 (d) 5/6
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3
61. Which one of the following statement is correct?
(c) 2 (d) 3
(a) ex is an increasing function [2012-I]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 74-75): For the next two (02) items that follow
(b) ex is a decreasing function
(c) ex is neither increasing nor decreasing function A rectangular box is to be made from a sheet of 24 inch length and
(d) ex is a constant function 9 inch width cutting out identical squares of side length x from the
four corners and turning up the sides. [2014-II]
 EBD_7346
M-332 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
74. What is the value of x for width the vulume is maximum ? 83. What does the equation represent?
(a) 1 inch (b) 1.5 inch (a) It represents a circle of diameter a
(c) 2 inch (d) 2.5 inch (b) It represents a circle of radius a
75. What is the maximum volume of the box ? (c) It represents a parabola
(a) 200 cubic inch (b) 400 cubic inch (d) None of the above
(c) 100 cubic inch (d) None of these dy
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 76-78): For the next two (02) items that 84. What is equal to?
dx
follow
y y x x
A cylinder is inscribed in a sphere of radius r. [2014-II] (a) (b) - (c) (d) -
x x y y
76. What is the height of the cylinder of maximum volume ?
2r r d 2y
(a) (b) 85. What is equal to?
3 3 dx 2
(c) 2r (d) 3r a2 a2 a2 a2
(a) (b) (c) - (d) -
77. What is the radius of the cylinder of maximum volume ? y2 x2 x2 y3
2r 2r x2
(a) (b) 86. The function f (x) = monotonically increasing if
3 3 ex
[2015-II]
(c) r (d) 3r (a) x < 0 only (b) x > 2 only
78. Consider the following statements: [2015-I] (c) 0 < x < 2 (d) x Î (–¥, 0) È (2, ¥)
e x + e- x 87. Consider the following statements : [2015-II]
1. y= is an increasing function on [0, ¥ ) . 1. f(x) = ln x is an increasing function on (0, ¥).
2
2. f(x) = ex – x (ln x) is an increasing function on (1, ¥).
e x - e- x Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
2. y= is an increasing function on ( -¥, ¥ ) . (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
2
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only DIRECTIONS (Qs. 88-89): For the next two (02) items that follow
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Consider the function [2015-II]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 79-80): For the next two (02) items that follow
2x 2
2 æ 1ö
x -1 f(x) = ç ÷ , where x > 0
Consider the function f ( x) = , where x Î ¡ [2015-I] è xø
2
x +1
88. At what value of x does the function attain maximum value?
79. At what value of x does f(x) attain minimum value?
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 [2015-II]
80. What is the minimum value of f(x)? 1 1
(a) e (b) e (c) (d)
1 e e
(a) 0 (b) (c) –1 (d) 2
2 89. The maximum value of the function is [2015-II]
DIRECTION (Q. 81): For the next one (01) item that follow 2 11
(a) e (b) (c) (d)
Consider the function [2015-I] ee ee
e
f ( x ) = 0 × 75x 4 - x 3 - 9x 2 + 7 DIRECTIONS (Qs. 90-91): For the next two (02) items that follow
81. What is the maximum value of the function? x2
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9 Consider f ¢ (x) = - kx + 1 such that f(0) = 0 and f(3) = 15
2
82. Consider the following statements: [2015-I]
1. The function attains local minima at x = – 2 and x = 3. [2015-II]
2. The function increases in the interval (–2, 0). 90. The value of k is
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 5 3 5 3
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) (b) (c) - (d) -
3 5 3 5
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 83-85): For the next three (03) items that follow æ 2ö
91. f ¢¢ ç - ÷ is equal to
Consider the parametric equation [2015-I] è 3ø

x =
(
a 1 -t 2 ),y = 2at (a) –1 (b)
1
3
(c)
1
2
(d) 1
2 2
1+ t 1+t
Application of Derivatives M-333

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 92-93): For the next two (02) items that follow 102. What is the maximum value of the function
Consider the function [2015-II] ¦ (x) = 4 sin2 x + 1? [2017-I]
f(x) = –2x3 – 9x2 – 12x + 1 (a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
92. The function f(x) is an increasing function in the interval 1
(a) (–2, –1) (b) (–¥, –2) 103. Let ¦ (x) = x + , when x Î (0, 1). Then which one of the
x
(c) (–1, 2) (d) (–1, ¥)
following is correct? [2017-I]
93. The function f (x) is a decreasing function in the interval
(a) ¦ (x) fluctuates in the interval
(a) (–2, –1) (b) (–¥, –2) only
(b) ¦ (x) increases in the interval
(c) (–1, ¥) only (d) (–¥, –2) È (–1, ¥)
(c) ¦ (x) decreases in the interval
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 94-96): For the next three (03) items that follow
(d) None of the above
Consider the function f (q) = 4(sin 2 q + cos 4 q) [2016-I] 104. Consider the following statements : [2017-II]
94. What is the maximum value of the function f(q)? dy
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 4 1. at a point on the curve given slope of the tangent
dx
95. What is the minimum value of the function f(q)? at that point.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 2. If a(t) denotes acceleration of a particle, then
96. Consider the following statements:
1. f (q) = 2 has no solution. ò a ( t ) dt + c gives velocity of the particle.
3. If s(t) gives displacement of a particle at time t, then
7
2. f (q) = has a solution. ds
2 gives its acceleration at that instant.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? dt
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 97-98): For the next two (02) items that follow (c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
105. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
Consider the equation
function ¦ (x) = x (x – 1) (x + 1)? [2017-II]
k sinx + cos 2x = 2k – 7 [2016-I]
(a) The local maximum value is larger than local minimum value
97. If the equation possesses solution, then what is the minimum
(b) The local maximum value is smaller than local minimum
value of k?
value
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
(c) The function has no local maximum
98. If the equation possesses solution, then what is the maximum
(d) The function has no local minimum
value of k?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6 In x
106. The maximum value of is [2017-II]
99. Which one of the following statements is correct in respect x
of the function f(x) = x 3sinx? [2016-II] 1
(a) e (b)
(a) It has local maximum at x = 0. e
(b) It has local minimum at x = 0. 2
(c) (d) 1
(c) It has neither maximum nor minimum at x = 0. e
(d) It has maximum value 1. 107. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using
the code given below the lists : [2017-II]
æ pö æ pö List-I List-II
100. The maximum value of sin ç x + ÷ + cos ç x + ÷ in the
è 6ø è 6ø (Function) (Maximum value)
æ pö A. sin x + cos x 1. 10
interval çè 0, ÷ is attained at [2017-I]
2ø B. 3sin x + 4cos x 2. 2
p p p p C. 2sin x + cos x 3. 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 6 3 2 D. sin x + 3cos x 4. 5
101. What is the length of the longest interval in which the Code :
function ¦ (x) = 3 sin x – 4 sin 3 x is increasing? A B C D
[2017-I] (a) 2 3 1 4
p p 3p (b) 2 3 4 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) p
3 2 2 (c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 3 2 4 1
 EBD_7346
M-334 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
108. A cylindrical jar without a lid has to be constructed using a 112. A flower in the form of a sector has been fenced by a wire of
given surface area of a metal sheet. If the capacity of the jar 40 m length. If the flower-bed has the greatest possible
is to be maximum, then the diameter of the jar must be k area, then what is the radius of the sector? [2018-II]
times the height of the jar. The value of k is [2017-II] (a) 25 m (b) 20 m (c) 10 m (d) 5 m
1
(a) 1 (b) 2
113. What is the minimum value of [x ( x - 1) + 1] 3 , where 0 < x < 1?
(c) 3 (d) 4
109. The maximum value of [2018-I] [2018-II]
1 1
æ pö æ pö æ pö 1
(a) æç ö÷ 3 æ 3ö 3
sin ç x + ÷ + cos ç x + ÷ , where x Î ç 0, ÷ , is attained at 3
è 5 ø è 5 ø è 2ø (b) 1 (c) (d) çè ÷ø
è 4ø 3 8
p p dy p
(a) (b) 114. If y = sin x x
, then what is the value of at x = ?
20 15 dx 6
p p [2018-II]
(c) (d)
10 2 p
-
110. What is the maximum value of 16 sin q – 12 sin2 q?
(a)
2 6
(6 ln2 - 3p )
[2018-I]
6
3 4
(a) (b) p
4 3
(b) (
2 6 6 ln2 + 3p )
16 6
(c) (d) 4
3
p
-
111. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
function [2018-II] (c)
2 6
(6 ln2 + 3p )
1 6
f (x) = x sin x + cos x + cos2 x? p
2
æ pö (d)
26 (6 ln2 - 3p )
(a) It is increasing in the interval çè 0, ÷ø 6
2
115. A given quantity of metal is to be cast into a half cylinder
æ pö (i,e, with a rectangular base and semicircular ends). If the
(b) It remain constant in the interval çè 0, ÷ø
2 total surface area is to be minimum, then the ratio of the
height of the half cylinder to the diameter of the semicircular
æ pö ends is [2019-I]
(c) It is decreasing in the interval çè 0, ÷ø
2 (a) p : (p + 2) (b) (p + 2) : p
(c) 1 : 1 (d) None of the above
æ p pö
(d) It is decreasing in the interval çè , ÷ø
4 2

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 13 (b) 25 (c) 37 (b) 49 (a) 61 (a) 73 (b) 85 (d) 97 (b) 109 (a)
2 (b) 14 (d) 26 (d) 38 (b) 50 (b) 62 (d) 74 (c) 86 (c) 98 (d) 110 (c)
3 (c) 15 (c) 27 (a) 39 (c) 51 (d) 63 (c) 75 (a) 87 (c) 99 (b) 111 (a)
4 (c) 16 (d) 28 (c) 40 (a) 52 (a) 64 (b) 76 (a) 88 (c) 100 (a) 112 (c)
5 (d) 17 (a) 29 (b) 41 (a) 53 (a) 65 (c) 77 (b) 89 (c) 101 (a) 113 (a)
6 (c) 18 (c) 30 (c) 42 (c) 54 (c) 66 (a) 78 (c) 90 (c) 102 (a) 114 (a)
7 (a) 19 (d) 31 (b) 43 (a) 55 (c) 67 (a) 79 (b) 91 (d) 103 (c) 115 (a)
8 (a) 20 (c) 32 (d) 44 (a) 56 (a) 68 (c) 80 (c) 92 (a) 104 (a)
9 (c) 21 (b) 33 (b) 45 (b) 57 (c) 69 (a) 81 (c) 93 (d) 105 (a)
10 (b) 22 (d) 34 (a) 46 (d) 58 (a) 70 (c) 82 (c) 94 (d) 106 (b)
11 (b) 23 (a) 35 (b) 47 (b) 59 (b) 71 (c) 83 (b) 95 (d) 107 (b)
12 (a) 24 (a) 36 (b) 48 (c) 60 (b) 72 (d) 84 (d) 96 (c) 108 (b)
Application of Derivatives M-335

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Tangent to a given curve at a point is perpendicular to 6. (c) Given that 4y – x2 – 8 = 0
x-axis gives dy = tan p x2 + 8
Þ y=
dx 2 4
dx p Differentiating w.r.t. x
Þ = cot = 0
dy 2 dy 2x
=
2. (b) Given that f (x) = (x – x0) f (x) dx 4
Differentiating w. r. t. x For increasing function
f ' (x) = (x – x0) f' (x) + f (x)(1) dy
Putting x = x0 >0
f ' (x0) = f (x0) dx
3. (c) Let the numbers are x and y. 2x
So, x + y = 20; Let P = x2 y3 (As given) So, >0Þx>0
4
= x2 (20 – x)3
Thus, the curve is increasing in (0, 4).
Differentiating w. r. t. x
7. (a) Given that xy = r 2
dP
= x 2 .3(20 - x) 2 ( -1) + (20 - x)3 .2x r2
dx Þ y=
= (20 – x)2 [–3x2 + 40x – 2x2] x
= (20 – x)2 [ 40x – 5x2]
qr 2
2
d P Let S = px + qy = px +
x
= (20 – x)2[ 40 –10x] + (40x – 5x2) 2(20 – x)(–1)
dx 2
dS qr 2
Þ =p-
dp dx x2
= 0 for maxima or minima.
dx
dS
So, (20 – x)2 [ 40x – 5x2] = 0 = 0 for maximum or minimum.
Þ (20 – x)2 × (x)(40 – 5x) = 0 Þ x = 20, 0, 8 dx

æ d2P ö æ d2p ö qr 2
We get, ç < 0; ç > 0 and So, 0 = p -
÷ ÷ x2
è dx 2 ø x =8 è dx 2 ø x = 0
qr 2 q
æ d2 p ö Þ x2 = Þ x = ± .r
ç ÷ =0 p p
ç dx 2 ÷
è ø x = 20
d 2S 2qr 2
Hence, P is maximum at x = 8 Now, =
and, Numbers are 12 and 8. dx 2 x3
4. (c) Equation of parabola is
q d 2S
y2 = 4ax At x = + .r >0
dy p dx 2
2y = 4a
dx q
dy 2a Hence, S is minimum at x = .r
= , p
\ [slope of tangent]
dx y
r2 p
æ dx ö Þ y= = .r
So, slope of normal = - ç ÷ q q
è dy ø(at 2 ,2at) .r
p
æ yö 2at
= -ç ÷ = - =–t q p
2a
è ø 2a Minimum value of px + qy = p. .r+q .r
p q
5. (d) If a function is continuous at a point, it need not be
differentiable at the same point. Example, f(x) = | x | is = pq r + pq r = 2r pq
continuous at x = 0 but f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0
 EBD_7346
M-336 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

8. (a) f(x) = x 2 / 3 (5 - 2x) d2y dy

= cot x ( -cosec2 y ) + cot y ( -cosec 2 x)
2 dx
or, f(x) = 5 x 2 / 3 - 2 x 5 / 3 dx
differentiating both the sides. æ p pö
when the point is ç , ÷
2 5 è 4 4ø
f '(x) = 5 ´ x -1 / 3 - 2 ´ x 2 / 3
3 3 p p
then x = and y =
10 -1 / 3 4 4
or, f '(x) = (x - x2 / 3)
3 dy p p
= cot . cot = 1
To get the critical value. dx 4 4
f '(x) = 0
d2y pæ 2 pö pæ 2 pö
so, x -1 / 3
-x 2/3
=0Þ x–1/3 (1 – x) = 0 So, = cot ç - cos ec ÷.1 + cot ç - cos ec ÷
dx 2 4è 4ø 4è 4ø
Þ 1 – x = 0 as x–1/3 ¹ 0
= 1( – 2) + 1.(– 2) = – 4
or, x = 1 is the only value in the interval [ – 1, 2]
9. (c) (A) Graph of f(x) = cos x cuts x-axis at infinite number 13. (b) f(x) = 9 - x 2
of points. (5 of list II)
(B) Graph of f(x) = In x cuts x-axis in only one point. 1 x
(4 of list II) f '(x) = ´ (-2x) = -
2
(C) Graph of f(x) = x2 – 5x + 4 cuts x axis in two points 2 9-x 9 - x2
(2 of list II) For function to be increasing
(D) Graph of f(x) = ex cuts y-axis in only one point. x
(3 of list II) - >0
10. (b) Given x + y = 12 9 - x2
y = 12 – x or – x > 0 or x < 0
so, xy = x (12 – x) = 12x – x2
Let f(x) = 12x – x2 but 9 - x 2 is defined only when
f '(x) = 12 – 2x 9 – x2 > 0 or x2 – 9 < 0
To get maximum or minimum value (x + 3) (x – 3) < 0
f '(x) = 0 and f ''(x) < 0 it is maximum i.e. – 3 < x < 3
f ''(x) = – 2 < 0, –3 <x< 3Çx <0
so, f '(x) = 0 will give maximum value. Þ –3< x<0
so, 12 – 2x = 0 Þ x = 6 and x + y = 12 Þ y = 6 14. (d) Let one side of quadrilateral be x and another side be y
Hence, y = 6 so, 2(x + y) = 34
and f(x) = 12x – x2 = 12 × 6 – 36 = 36 or, (x + y) = 17 ...(i)
11. (b) f(x) = x (7x – 6) = 7x3/2 – 6x1/2 We know from the basic principle that for a given
perimeter square has the maximum area, so, x = y and
3 1 putting this value in equation (i)
f '(x) = 7 ´ x1 / 2 - 6 ´ x -1 / 2
2 2 17
When tangent is parallel to x axis f '(x) = 0 x=y=
2
21 1/ 2
or, x - 3x -1/ 2 = 0 Area = x . y =
17 17 289
´ = = 72.25
2 2 2 4
21 3 15. (c) The given function is
x= f (x) = (x – 1)ex + 1
2 x Þ f ' (x) = (x – 1)ex +ex
2 = (x – 1 + 1) ex = xex
or, 7x = 2 Þ x = Thus, it is clear that f (x) is increasing for all x.
7 16. (d) Given rule is :
1 Distance, s = 2 – 3t + 4t3
12. (a) sin x cos y =
2 ds
Þ Velocity = = -3 + 12t 2
Differentiating both the sides dt
dy
sin x( – sin y) + cos y cosx = 0 d 2s
dx Þ Acceleration = = 24t
dt 2
dy cos x cos y Since, velocity is zero
= = cot x cot y
dx sin x sin y ds
\ =0
dt
Application of Derivatives M-337

19. (d) Area of largest rectangular field for a given perimeter

3 1
Þ 0 = – 3 + 12 Þt2 t= = for is possible if length and breadth of rectangular field
12 2 are equal i.e. it is a square
Acceleration (when velocity is zero)
200
d 2s 1 Þ 4x = 200 Þ x = = 50m
Þ = 24 ´ = 12 unit 4
2 = 24t 2
dt \ Area of largest rectangular field = 50 × 50 = 2500m2
17. (a) Let 20 be divided in two parts such that Aliter:
first part = x Let length and breadth of rectangular field be x and y
\ Second part = 20 – x respectively
Now, assume that \ 2 (x + y) = 200
P = x3 (20 – x) Þ y = 100 – x
= 20x3 – x4 and area, A = xy
dP = x (100 – x) = 100 x – x2
Now, = 60x 2 - 4x3
dx dA
Q = 100 – 2x
2 dx
d P
and = 120x - 12x 2
dx 2 dA
Put = 0 for maxima or minima
dP dx
Put = 0 for maxima or minima
dx 100 – 2x = 0
Þ x = 50 Þ y = 50
dP
Þ =0
dx d2 A
Now, = –2 < 0 , which shows maximum,
Þ 4x2 (15 – x) = 0 Þ x = 0, x = 15 dx 2
æ d 2P ö indepenent of values of x and y, but only when they
= 120 ´ 15 - 12 ´ (225)
\ çç dx 2 ÷÷ are equal.
è ø x =15 \ A is maximum at x = 50.
= 1800 – 2700 = – 900 < 0 Hence, required area = 50 (100 – 50) = 50 × 50 = 2500m2
\ P is a maximum at x = 15. 20. (c) f (x) = x2 + mx + 5
\ First part = 15 Consider, option (c) m = –2.
and second part = 20 – 15 = 5 f (x) = x2 – 2x + 5 Þ f ¢ (x) = 2x – 2
Required product = 15 × 5 = 75 It is clear that f ¢(x) > 0 in interval 1 £ x £ 2.
18. (c) The equation of curve is given as : \ m = –2
y = – x3 +3x2 + 2x – 27 21. (b) The given condition is :
On differentiating w.r.t.x, we get
x + y= 8 Þ y= 8 – x
dy and let, the product of x and y be,
= -3x 2 + 6x + 2
dx P = xy
This represents slope of the curve at any point. Þ P = x(8 – x) = 8x – x 2
dy Differentiating w.r.t. x
Let A = = -3x 2 + 6x + 2
dx
dP
dA Þ = 8 – 2x
Þ = -6x + 6 dx
dx
d2P
2
d A and = –2 < 0
and = -6 dx 2
dx 2
dP
dA Put = 0 , for maxima or minima
Put = 0 for maxima or minima. dx
dx
8 – 2x = 0
– 6x + 6 = 0
Þ x= 1 8
Þ x = = 4 and y = 4
2
æ d2A ö æ d2 P ö
Now, çç 2 ÷÷ l = -6 < 0 and ç ÷ < 0 when x = y
ç dx 2 ÷
è dx øx =1 è ø
\ A is maximum at x = 1 \ P is maximum at x = 4
\ Maximum slope of curve = – 3 + 6 + 2 = 5 Maximum value of P = 4. (8 – 4) = 4.4 = 16
 EBD_7346
M-338 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
22. (d) Slope at the point (x, y) = 2x
d2y
dy Since, for every value of x, = +ve
\ = 2x dx 2
dx
So, minimum value of 2x2 – 3x + 5 is minimum
Þ ò dy = ò 2x dx 3
Þ y = x2 + c x= .
4
Given that, it passes through the origin.
2
So, 0 = (0)2 + c æ 3ö æ 3ö
Þ c=0 \ The minimum value = 2 ç ÷ - 3 ç ÷ + 5
è 4ø è 4ø
Then, y = x2
23. (a) Let y = log x – x 9 9 9 - 18 + 40 31
= - +5 = =
8 4 8 8
dy 1 d2y 1
\ = - 1 and =- 2 27. (a) Given equation of the curve is y = x3 – x2 – x + 2
dx x dx 2 x
dy
For maximum and minimum value of y = 3 x2 - 2 x - 1
dx
dy 1 1
= -1 = 0 Þ = 1 Þ x = 1 æ dy ö
dx x x Þ çè ÷ø = 3 - 2 -1 = 0
dx (1,1)
d2y
For x = 1, = -ve
dx 2 dy
Since, at (1, 1) is 0
Thus, the value of given function is maximum for dx
x=1 \ slope of the tangent = 0.
So, the maximum value of the function = log (1) – 1 = – 1 Hence, The equation of tangent at (1, 1) is
24. (a) Let the height of rectangular box be y cm. y – 1 = 0(x – 1) Þ y = 1
\ Volume = x × x × y ie, parallel to x-axis.
Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation of A.
10
Þ y= 2 ...(i) 28. (c) Given f (x) = x2 – 2x
x On differentiating w.r.t ‘x’, we get f '(x) = 2x – 2
Now, surface area of box f (x) is increasing, if f ¢(x) > 0
= 2 (x2 + xy + yx) = 2(x2 + 2xy ) Þ 2x – 2 > 0
Þ x>1
æ 2 20 ö
= 2ç x + ÷ From equation (i) 29. (b) Rolle’s theorem says between any two roots of a
è x ø polynomial f(x), there is always a root of its derivative
2 40 f ¢(x)
= 2x + Therefore between a and b. There exist at least one
x
root of the polynomial equation f ¢(x) = 0
25. (c) Given, f(x) = cos x,
30. (c) P(x) = – 3500 + (400 – x) x = – 3500 + 400x – x2
Þ f ¢(x) = – sin x On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Now f ¢(x) = 0 P¢ (x) = 400 – 2x
Þ – sin x = 0 Put P¢ (x) = 0 for maxima or minima
Þ sin x = sin (0) Þ 400 – 2x = 0
Þ x = np Þ x = 200
Clearly, f ¢(x) < 0, when 0 < x < p Now P¢¢ (x) = – 2x
Hence f(x) is decreasing when 0 < x < p Þ P¢¢ (200) = – 400 < 0
26. (d) Let y = 2x2 – 3x + 5 \ P (x) is maximum at x = 200
Hence 200 items should the firm sell so that the firm
dy
Þ = 4x - 3 has maximum profit.
dx 31. (b) Given equation is s = 64t – 16t2
2 \ On differentiating w.r.t. t, we get
d y
and =4 ds
dx2 = 64 - 32t
For maximum and minimum value of y dt
dy ds
=0 Put = 0 for maximum height
dx dt
Þ 4x – 3 = 0 Þ 64 – 32t = 0 Þ t=2
3 d 2s
Þ x= Now, = -32
4 dt 2
Application of Derivatives M-339

d 2s dv
= -32 For maximum velocity, =0
At t = 2, dx
dt 2
dv 1
æ d 2s ö Now, = – x2 + log x(–2 x)
<0 dx x
Since, ç 2 ÷÷
ç
= – x – 2x log x
è dt øt = 2
\ Required time = 2 second dv
= 0 Þ – x – 2x log x = 0 Þ x = –2x log x
32. (d) Given f(x) = 3x2 + 6x – 9 dx
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get –1
f¢ (x) = 6x + 6 Þ = log x
f¢ (x) < 0 2
Þ 6x + 6 < 0 –
1
Þ 6x < –6 Þx= e 2
Þ x < –1
Hence, for maximum velocity x = e –1/ 2
Hence f(x) is decreasing in ( -¥, -1 )
33. (b) Consider a line 37. (b) Given curve is x = e x y
x cos q + y sin q = 2 Which can be rewritten as y = xe - x
Þ y sin q = – x cos q + 2 On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
cos q 2 dy
Þ y = -x + = - xe - x + e - x
sin q sin q dx
Þ y = – x cot q + 2cosec q
On comparing this equation with dy
Put = 0 for maxima or minima
y = mx + c we get dx
slope of line x cos q + y sin q = 2 is – cotq Þ - xe - x + e - x = 0
Also, we have a line x – y = 3
Þ y=x–3 Þ e- x (1 - x ) = 0
slope of line x – y = 3 is 1. Since e–x can not be zero
Since, both the lines are perpendicular to each other
\ 1- x = 0 Þ x = 1
\ Product of their slopes = –1
Þ (– cot q) (1) = – 1 d2 y
Now, = -e - x + xe- x - e - x = xe - x - 2e- x
p dx 2
Þ cot q = 1 = cot
4 = e- x ( x - 2 )
p
Þ q= æ d2 y ö
4 Þ ç 2 ÷<0
34. (a) Let y = tan–1 x – x è dx ø
On differentiating w.r.t.x, we get \ y is maximum at x = 1.
dy 1 1 –1 – x 2 – x2 Thus, when x = 1
= 2
–1 = = then y = e–1
dx 1 + x 1 + x2 1 + x2 Hence, maximum point on the curve x = ex y is (1, e–1).
dy 38. (b) Let r be the radius of balloon.
Þ < 0, "x Î R
dx 4 3
Hence, function is always decreasing. Balloon is like a sphere and volume of sphere = pr
3
35. (b) Given velocity is v = s + 1
4
ds \ V = pr 3
Since, velocity = 3
dt
Differentiate both side w.r.t ‘t’
ds ds
\ = s +1 Þ = dt dV 4 dr
dt s +1 Þ = p.3r 2
dt 3 dt
Integrate both side we get
log (s + 1) = t 4 2 dr æ dV ö
At s = 9 m, Þ 4 = p.3 ( 4 ) çQ = 4cm3 / s ÷
3 dt è dt ø
t = log (10) second
36. (b) Given, velocity is dr 1
Þ = (1)
1 dt 16 p
v = x 2 log = – x2 logx where x is displacement.
x
 EBD_7346
M-340 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Now, surface area of balloon = S = 4 pr 2 \ f (x) is minimum at x = 2.

Hence, minimum value is
dS dr
f ( 2 ) = 2 ( 2 ) - 3 ( 2 ) - 12 ´ 2 + 1
3 2
= 4p.2r
dt dt
= 16 – 12 – 24 + 1 = – 19
1 43. (a) Given f (x) = 6x–x2, x > 0
= 4 p.2 ´ 4
16p
( from (1) ) = 2cm2 / s Differentiate w.r.t. x both side we get
f ¢ (x) = 6 – 2x
39. (c) Given f ( x ) = kx3 - 9 x 2 + 9 x + 3 As we know f (x) will be increasing function, if
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get f ¢ (x) > 0 \ 6 – 2x > 0 Þ x < 3
Thus, required interval is (0,3).
f ¢ ( x ) = 3kx2 - 18 x + 9
44. (a) Product of two increasing function is always an
For a function to be monotonically increasing. increasing function.
b 2 - 4ac < 0 \ fog is always an increasing function
Here, a = 3k, b = – 18, c = 9 45. (b) Let y = f (x)
Now, for a point of inflection of y = f (x),
2
\ b 2 - 4ac = ( -18) - 4 ( 3k )( 9 ) = ( -18 )( -18) - ( 3k )18 ´ 2
d2 y
Þ 36 - 12k < 0 must be zero.
dx 2
Þ k >3
sin 3x
40. (a) Let x be the side of first square and y be the side of 46. (d) Let f ( x ) = psin x +
second square. 3
\ Area of first square, A1 = x2 Differentiate both side w.r.t (x).
and area of second square, A2 = y2 3cos 3x
Þ f´( x ) = p cos x + = p cos x + cos 3x
(
= x+ x 2 2
) (Q y = x + x2 ) 3
It is given that f (x) has extremum value at x = p/3

= x 2 + x 4 + 2 x3 æpö
\ f ¢ç ÷ = 0
dA1 dA è3ø
Now, = 2 x and, 2 = 2 x + 4 x 3 + 6 x 2
dx dx p
Þ p cos + cos p = 0
Hence, the Rate of change of area of the second square 3
with respect to the area of the first square p
Þ -1 = 0 Þ p = 2
dA2 2 x + 4 x3 + 6 x 2 2
= = = 1 + 2 x2 + 3x
dA1 2x 47. (b) Surface area of sphere S = 4pr2
Differentiate both sides w.r.t. t’
41. (a) Let y = - tan -1 ( x -1 ) + 1 dr 1 ds
dS 8prdr = ×
Þ = Þ ...(i)
dy 1 1 dt dt dt 8pr dt
\ =- -2
( -1) x -2 =
dx 1+ x 1 + x2 4 3
and Volume = V = pr
dy 3
Since, is positive for all values of x. Therefore, y is
dx dV 4 dr dr
Þ = p.3r 2 = 4pr 2
an increasing function of x. dt 3 dt dt
Hence, option (a) is correct.
42. (c) Let f(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 1 4pr 2 dS 1 dS
= . = r (from (i)
Þ f ¢(x) = 6x2 – 6x – 12 8pr dt 2 dt
Put f ¢ ( x ) = 0 for maxima or minima 1
48. (c) Let f (x) = k sin x + sin 3x
Þ 6 x - 6 x - 12 = 0
2
Þ x - x-2 =0
2 3
Differentiate both side w.r.t. ‘x’
Þ ( x - 2 )( x + 1) = 0
3
Þ x = 2, x = -1 Þ f ' (x) = k cos x + cos 3x
3
Now, f ¢¢ ( x ) = 12 x - 6 Put f ' (x) = 0
Þ k cos x + cos 3x = 0
Þ f ¢¢ ( 2 ) = 24 - 6 = 18 > 0
p
Since the f (x) has maximum value at x =
Since, f ¢¢ ( x ) is + ve at x = 2 3
Application of Derivatives M-341

Put f’(x) = 0 Þ 1 + ln x = 0
p æ pö
\ k cos + cos 3 ç ÷ = 0 Þ ln x = – 1Þ x = e–1
3 è 3ø
1
k Now, f ¢¢ ( x ) =
Þ + (-1) = 0 Þ k = 2 x
2
1
49. (a) Since f (x) is an increasing function in [– 1, 1] and it f ¢¢ ( x ) =e>0=
has a root in (– 1, 1). x =e -1 -1
e
\ Only statement I is correct. Hence, f(x) attains minimum value at x = e–1.
50. (b) Let f (x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 5 56. (a) Given equation curve is
We find, f (– 2), f (– 1), f (0), f (1), f (2). x2 + y2 – 2x – 3 = 0 ... (1)
Now, f (– 2) = – 16 – 12 + 24 + 5 = 1 On differentiating we get
f (– 1) = – 2 – 3 + 12 + 5 = 12
dy
f (0) = 5 2x + 2 y - 2 =0
dx
f (1) = 2 – 3 – 12 + 5 = – 8
and f (2) = 2 (2)3 – 3 (2)2 – 12 (2) + 5 dy
Þy =- x +1
= 16 – 12 – 24 + 5 = 21 – 36 = – 15 dx
\ Largest value of 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 5 is at x = – 1
51. (d) Let f(x) = mx + c dy x +1
Þ =-
dx y
then, f ¢ ( x ) = m
Since, tangent is parallel to x -axis
So, f ¢ ( x ) ¹ 0 for any real value of x.
dy x +1
Hence, f(x) has neither maximum point nor minimum \ =0Þ - = 0 Þ x =1
dx y
point.
52. (a) At an extreme point of a function f(x), slope is \ From equation (1), we have
always zero. 1 + y2 – 2 – 3 = 0 Þ y = ± 2
Thus, At an extreme point of a function f(x), the Hence, required points are (1, 2) and (1, –2).
tangent to the curve is parallel to the x-axis. 57. (c) It is obvious
58. (a) Let y = x2 – 4x + 3
53. (a) Given f ( x ) = e x sin x Differentiate both sides w.r.t. ‘x’

Þ f ¢ ( x ) = e x cos x + e x sin x dy
= 2x - 4
dx
Þ slope = e x ( cos x + sin x ) So, slope = 2x – 4
Since, tangent is || to x-axis
d \ slope = 0
Now, (cos x + sin x) = 0
dx dy 4
Þ – sinx + cos x = 0 Þ = 0 Þ 2x – 4 = 0 Þ x = = 2
dx 2
p Þ one tangent
Þ sin x = cos x Þ tan x = 1 Þ x =
4
59. (b) Let u = x 2 + 16 , v = x2
4 3
54. (c) Let volume = V = pr ...(1) dv
3 = 2x
Þ u2 = x2 + 16,
and surface area = S = 4pr2 ...(2) dx
dv 4 2 dr du
Now, (1) Þ = ´ 3pr ´ Þ 2u = 2x
dt 3 dt dx

2 dr du x
= 4pr ...(3) Þ =
dt dx x 2 + 16
ds dr 8pr 2 dr
(2) Þ = 4p × 2 × r = du
dt dt r dt Now, required rate of change =
dv
2é dr ù 2 dv
= ê 4pr 2 ú = (from 3) du dx x 1 1
rë dt û r dt = ´ = ´ =
dx dv 2
x + 16 2x 2
55. (c) Let f(x) = x ln x 2 x + 16
x du
f '( x ) = + ln x = 1 + ln x 1
=
1
x Now, dv =
x =3 2 ´ 5 10
 EBD_7346
M-342 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
66. (a) Let y = xex.
dx dy
60. (b) = 2t + 3 , = 4t - 2 Differentiate both side w.r.t. ‘x’.
dt dt
dy
dy dy dt 4t - 2 Þ = e x + xe x = e x (1 + x )
= dx
=
dx dx dt 2t + 3
dy
Put =0
dy 4 ( 2) - 2
6 dx
slope at t = 2 = /t =2 = =
dx 2 ( 2) + 3 7 Þ ex (1 + x) = 0 Þ x=–1
61. (a) From the graph of ex it is clear that ex is an increasing d2 y
function. Now, = e x + e x (1 + x ) = e x ( x + 2 )
2
dx
Also Domain = R
and Range = R+ æ d2 y ö 1
ç 2÷ = +0 > 0
dr ç dx ÷
62. (d) Given =3 è ø( x =-1) e
dt
Let A = Area of circle = pr2. Hence, y = xex is minimum function and

dA dr 1
\ = 2 p r. = 6pr y min = - .
dt dt e
67. (a) f (x) = x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 6
dA f¢(x) = 3x2 + 4x – 4
Now, dt = 6 × 10 × p = 60 p cm2/s f¢¢ (x) = 6x + 4
r =10
Put f ¢(x) = 0
63. (c) For increasing function,
3x2 + 4x – 4 = 0
f¢ (x) = 3x2 – 6x > 0
Þ x (x – 2) > 0 2
x = –2,
Either both factors x and (x – 2) are simultaneously +ve 3
simultaneously –ve. f¢ ¢ (–2) = 6x – 2 + 4 = – 8 < 0
Case - I: x > 0, x – 2 > 0
æ 2ö 2
Þ x > 0, , x > 2 f¢ ¢ çè ÷ø = 6 ´ + 4 = 8 > 0
3 3
Value is maximum at x = –2
68. (c) At x = 4, f(x) = 0
0 1 2 69. (a) y = sin–1 (sin2x)
dy 2sin x cos x dy sin 2x
i .e. x > 2 = Þ =
dx 1 - sin 4 x dx 1 - sin 4 x
Case - II: x < 0, x – 2 < 0
Þ x < 0, x < 2 dy
at x = 0, =0
dx
70. (c) y = e2x
0 1 2
dy
= 2e2x
dx
i.e. x < 0
From both cases x > 2 or x < 0. dy
= 2e0 = 2
64. (b) Minimum value of | x | is 0. dx (x, y) = (0, 1)
65. (c) Given function attains minimum at x = 2
71. (c) Equation of line passing through (0, 1) and slope = 2
y – 1 = 2 (x – 0)
y = 2x + 1
let line meets at (x1, 0)
1
0 = 2x1 + 1 Þ x1 = –
2
Tangent to the curve at (0, 1) meets the x-axis at
0 4
æ 1 ö
(2, –4) çè - , 0÷ø
2
Q f(2) = 4 – 8 = – 4
Application of Derivatives M-343

x2 - x + 1 æ hö
2
72. (d) f (x) = 2 r2 = R 2 + ç ÷ ...(i)
x + x +1 è 2ø

(x 2 + x + 1) (2x -1) - (x 2 - x + 1) (2x +1)

f ¢ (x) = æ h ö
(x 2 + x + 1)2 çQ OA = as DOAB @ DOCD ÷
è 2 ø
2x 2 - 2 Clearly, V = pR2h
=
(x 2 + x + 1) 2
æ 2 h2 ö
Put f ¢(x) = 0 Þ V(h) = p çç r - ÷h [using eq. (i)]
4 ÷
2x2 – 2 = 0 è ø
x= ±1
(x 2 + x + 1) 2 (4x) - 2(2x 2 - 2)(x 2 + x + 1)(2x + 1) æ 2 h3 ö
f ¢¢(x) = Þ V (h) = p çç r h - ÷÷
(x 2 + x + 1) 4 4 ø
è
-36
f ¢¢(–1) = <0
81 æ 2 3h 2 ö
f (x) is maximum at x = –1 Þ V¢(h) = p çç r - ÷ ...(ii)
è 4 ÷ø
f (–1) = 3
36 For maximum put V¢ (h) = 0
73. (b) f ¢¢(1) = >0
81
3h 2 4r 2
f (x) is minimum at x = 1 Þ r2 = Þ h2 =
1 4 3
f (1) =
3
2r
74. (c) Volume of the box = V Þh= (Q h > 0)
V = (24 – 2x) (9 – 2x). x (Q height of box = x inch) 3
= (216 – 48 x – 18x + 4x2). x Differentiating eq. (ii) w.r.t. h, we get
V (x) = 4x3 – 66x2 + 216x
Þ V¢ (x) = 12x2 – 132x + 216 æ -6h ö
V¢¢(h) = p çè ÷
For maximum, put V¢(x) = 0 4 ø
Þ 12x2 – 132x + 216 = 0
Þ x2 – 11x + 18 = 0 æ 2r ö æ -6 2r ö
Þ V¢¢ çè ø÷ = p èç 4 ´ ÷ <0
Þ x2 – 9x – 2x + 18 = 0 3 3ø
Þ x (x – 9) – 2 (x – 9) = 0
Þ (x – 9) (x – 2) = 0 2r
Thus, the volume is maximum when h = .
Þ x = 9 or x = 2 3
Now V¢¢ (x) = 24x – 132
\ V¢¢ (9) = 216 – 132 = 84 > 0 2r
77. (b) Volume of cylinder is maximum when h =
and V¢¢ (2) = 48 – 132 = – 84 < 0 3
Thus, volume is maximum when x = 2 inch.
2
75. (a) Volume of box = (24 – 4) (9 – 4).2 2 æ hö
By using the relation r2 = R + ç ÷ , we get
= 20 × 5 × 2 = 200 cu inch è 2ø
76. (a) Let h be the height, R be the radius and V be the volume
of cylinder. h2 4r 2
In DOAB, we have R2 = r 2 - = r2 -
4 12
D
CR
12r 2 - 4r 2 8r 2 2r 2
R2 = = =
12 12 3
O
r 2r 2 2r
ÞR= = (Q R > 0)
3 3
A R
B
 EBD_7346
M-344 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
78. (c) From statement -1
2x [ 2 ]
\ f ¢ (x ) =
e x + e –x
(x 2 + 1)
2
y=
2
dy 1 x
= [e – e –x ] Now equating f ¢ (x ) to zero, we get
\
dx 2 4x = 0
dy \ x= 0
Now equating to zero we get, Hence, f (x) attain minimum value at x = 0
dx \ Option (b) is correct.
ex – e–x = 0 80. (c) f (x) is minimum at x = 0
\ ex = e–x
–1
\ f (0) = = –1
ex – + 1
\ =1
e– x ¥ 0 ¥ \ minimum value of f(x) is –1
\ e2x =1 \ Option (c) is correct.
\ 2x = 0 81. (c) f(x) = 0.75x4 – x3 – 9x2 + 7
\ x= 0 f ' (x) = 4 × 0.75 x3 – 3x2 – 18x
The given function is increasing on interval [0, ¥]
= 3x (x2 – x – 6)
From Statement -2
= 3x (x + 2) (x – 3)
e x – e –x for maximum value,
y=
2 f ' (x) = 0
dy 1 x 3x (x + 2) (x – 3) = 0
= [e – e x ]
dx 2 x = 0, –2, 3.
dy f(0) = 7
Now equating to zero, we get.
dx f(–2) = 0.75(–2)4 – (–2)3 – 9(–2)2 + 7
ex + e–x = 0 = 2 + 8 – 36 + 7 = –9
1 f(3) = 0.75(3)4 – (3)3 – 9(3)2 + 7
\ ex + =0
ex = 60.75 – 27 – 81 + 7 = – 40.25
\ e2x + 1 = 0 \ maximum value of f(x) is 7
\ e2x = –1 \ Option (c) is correct.
Hence, the given function is increacing from [– ¥, ¥] 82. (c) From Statement 1:
\ Both statement are correct Function attain local minima at x = –2 and x = 3
\ Option (c) is correct. As we have,
x2 – 1 f ¢ (x ) = 3x3 – 3x2 – 18x
79. (b) Given f(x) = 2
x +1
Now, f ¢¢ ( x ) = 9x2 – 6x – 18
In order to find the value of ‘x’, where f(x) is maximum
For x = –2,
or minimum; equation f ¢ (x ) equal to zero.
f ¢¢ ( –2) = 9(–2)2 – 6(–2) – 18

\ f ¢ (x ) =
( x 2 + 1)
dx
d
( x 2 – 1) – ( x 2 – 1)
d
dx
( x 2 + 1) = 36 + 12 – 18 = 48 – 18 = 30 > 0
For x = 3,
(x2 + 1)
2
f ¢¢ (3) = 9(3)2 – 6(3) – 18

\ f ¢ (x ) =
( x 2 + 1) ( 2x ) – ( x 2 – 1) (2x )
\
= 81 – 36 = 45 > 0
Statement 1 is correct
(x 2 + 1)
2
From Statement 2:
+ +
2x é x + 1 – x + 1ù
2 2
–2 0 3
ë û
= The function increases in the interval (–2, 0)
(x2 + 1)
2
\ Option (c) is correct.
Application of Derivatives M-345

( ) ùú
2
é a 1 – t2 é 2at ù
2
Y x
y=e
83. (b) x +y = ê
2 2 +ê ú
ê 1 + t2 ú 2
ê1 + t ûú
ë û ë

( )
2 y = logx + 1
a 2 1 – t2 4a 2 t 2
+ (0, 1)
=
(1 + t 2 ) (1 + t 2 )
2 2
X¢ X
(1, 0)
a 2 (1 + t 4 – 2t 2 ) + 4a 2 t 2
=
(1 + t 2 )
2

( ) = a 2 (1 + t 2 )
2
a 2 1 + t 4 + 2t 2 Y¢
= = a2
(1 + t 2 ) (1 + t 2 )
2 2
From the figure it is clear that f¢(x) > 0 on (1, ¥ ).
So both statements (1) & (2) are correct.
Hence, the given equation represent a circle of
radius (a) 2x 2
æ1ö
\ Option (b) is correct. 88. (c) f (x) = ç ÷ = y (say)
èxø
84. (d) Here, x2 + y2 = a2
dy æ1ö
\ 2x + 2y =0 log y = 2x 2 log ç ÷
dx èxø
dy 2x x 1 dy é æ1ö 1 æ -1 ö ù
\ = =– = 2 ê 2x.log ç ÷ + x 2 . .
dx –2y y y dx ë èxø 1 / x çè x 2 ÷ø úû
\ Option (d) is correct.
dy é æ1ö ù
d dy = 2y ê 2x log ç ÷ - x ú
y ( –x ) – ( –x ) dx ë èxø û
d2 y dx dx
85. (d) 2
= 2
dx y dy
For max. or min. value =0
dx
dy –y + x æ –x ö æ1ö
–y + x çè y ÷ø 2x log ç ÷ - x = 0
dx = èxø
=
y2 y2
é æ1ö ù
x ê 2 log ç ÷ - 1ú = 0

=
–y2 – x 2
=
(
– x 2 + y2 ) = – a2 ë
Q x ¹0
èxø û

y3 y3 y3
1
\ Option (d) is correct. æ1ö 1
Þ 2log ç ÷ = 1 Þ = e2
èxø x
x2
86. (c) f (x) =
ex 1
-
x x 2 Þ x =e 2
2x.e - e .x
f ¢(x) =
(e ) x 2
d2 y ì é æ 1 ö ùü
= í 2xy êlog ç ÷ - 1ú ý
2 Again
f ¢(x) =
2x - x dx2
î ë è x ø ûþ
ex é æ 1 öù
æ 1 ö
as ex is always positive and for monotonically = ( 2xy) ¢ èç log x - 1ø÷ + 2xy ê x. çè - 2 ÷ø ú
increasing; 2x – x2 > 0 ë x û
Þ x2 – 2x < 0 Þ x(x – 2) < 0 Þ x = (0, 2) ¢æ 1 ö
87. (c) f(x) = log x = ( 2xy) çè log - 1÷ø - 2y
x
Clearly f(x) is increasing on ( 0, ¥ )
f(x) = ex – xlogx
é
( 1 æ 1 ö
) ù
= 2 ê y + xy ç log - 1÷ - y ú < 0
ë è x ø û
f ¢ ( x ) = e x - ( log x + 1) So at x = e -1/ 2 function is maximum.
 EBD_7346
M-346 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Sol. (94-96)
2x 2
æ 1ö
89. (c) f (x) = ç ÷ f (q) = 4(sin 2 q + cos 4 q)
è xø
= 4(sin 2 q + cos 2 q(1 - sin 2 q))
2´e -1
æ -1 ö æ 1 ö
= 4(sin 2 q + cos2 q - sin 2 q cos2 q)
f ç e 2 ÷ = ç e2 ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷
è ø è ø æ 1 ö
= 4 ç1 - sin 2 2q ÷
è 4 ø
[Q sin 2q = 2sin q cos q]
2
æ 1 öe 1 2
´ 94. (d) For maximum value of f(q), sin 22q should be minimum.
= ç e 2 ÷ = e 2 e = e1/e i.e. sin 22q = 0
ç ÷
è ø f (q) |max = 4(1 - 0) = 4
95. (d) For minimum value of f(q), sin 22q should be maximum
x2 i.e. sin 22q = 1.
90. (c) f ¢(x) = - kx + 1
2
æ 1 ö 3
f (0) = 0; f (3) = 15 f (q) |min = 4 ç1 - (1) ÷ = 4 ´ = 3
è 4 ø 4
1 3 k 2
f (x) = x - x +x+c 96. (c) f(q) = 2
6 2
æ 1 ö
Putting x = 0 4 ç1 - sin 2 2q ÷ = 2
è 4 ø
f ( 0) = c = 0
1 2 1 1
Þ 1 - sin 2 2q = Þ - sin 2 2q = + - 1
x3 k 2 4 4 4 2
f (x) = - x +x 1 2 1
6 2 Þ - sin 2q = - Þ sin 2 2q = 2
4 2
Putting x = 3
Þ sin 2q = ± 2
( 3)3 k 2 Since sin q cannot have vlaue greater than 1 & less
f ( 3) = - ( 3) + 3 than –1.
6 2
Hence f(q) = 2 has no solution.
9 9 5
15 = - k +3 Þ k=- 7
2 2 3 f (q ) =
2
x2 5 æ 1 ö 7
91. (d) Q f ¢ (x) = + x +1 4 ç 1 - sin 2 2q ÷ =
2 3 è 4 ø 2
5 æ 1 ö 7 1 7
Þ f ¢¢ ( x ) = x + Þ ç 1 - sin 2 2q ÷ = Þ - sin 2 2q = - 1
3 è 4 ø 8 4 8
1 1 1
æ 2 ö -2 5 Þ - sin 2 2q = - Þ sin 2 2q =
f ¢¢ ç - ÷ = + =1 4 8 2
è 3ø 3 3
1 p
So option (d) is correct. Þ sin 2q = ± Þ sin 2q = ± sin
2 4
92. (a) f (x) = – 2x3 – 9x2 – 12x + 1
Þ sin 2q = sin ( ±p / 4) Þ 2q = ±p / 4
f ¢ ( x ) = -6x 2 - 18x - 12
p
for increasing function f ¢ ( x ) > 0 q = (± )
8
Þ – (6x2 + 18x + 12) > 0
Þ (x2 + 3x + 2) < 0 7
Hence f (q) = has a solution.
Þ (x + 2) (x + 1) < 0 2
x = (– 2, – 1) 97. (b) K sin x + cos 2 x = 2 K - 7
93. (d) For decreasing function f¢(x) < 0
Þ –(6x2 + 18x + 12) < 0 K sin x + (1 - 2sin 2 x) = (2 K - 7)
Þ (x2 + 3x + 2) > 0
Þ (x + 2) (x + 1) > 0 2sin 2 x - K sin x + (2 K - 8) = 0
This is a quadratic equation in sin x.
x = ( -¥, -2 ) È ( -1, ¥ )
Application of Derivatives M-347

101. (a) f (x) = 3sinx – 4 sin3x = sin 3x

- ( - K ) ± K 2 - 4(2)(2 K - 8)
sin x =
2´ 2 é -p p ù
sin 3x increases in ê , ú
For minimum value of K ë 6 6û
sin x = –1
p
K ± K 2 - 16 K + 64 So, interval length =
Þ = -1 3
4 102. (a) We know, – 1 £ sinx £ 1
Þ 0 £ sin 2x £ 1
Þ (± ) K 2 - 16K + 64 = - K - 4
Þ 0 £ 4sin2x £ 4
Squaring both sides, we get Þ 1 £ 4sin2x + 1 £ 5
K 2 - 16 K + 64 = K 2 + 16 + 8K 1
Þ 24K = 48 Þ K = 2 103. (c) f (x) = x +
98. (d) For maximum value of K x
sin x = 1
f ' ( x) = 1 -
1
=
x2 -1
=
( x - 1)( x + 1)
2
K ± K - 16 K + 64 x 2
x 2
x2
=1
4
For x Î ( 0,1) , f ' ( x ) < 0
2
Þ (± ) K - 16K + 64 = ( - K + 4)
Þ f (x) decreases
Squaring both sides, we get
104. (a) Statements (1), (2) are correct.
K 2 - 16 K + 64 = K 2 + 16 - 8K 105. (a) f (x) = x(x – 1) (x + 1) = x(x2 – 1)
Þ 8K = 48 Þ K = 6 Differentiating, we get
99. (b) f ( x) = x3 sin x f ¢(x) = x(2x) + (x2 – 1) = 2x2 + x2 – 1 = 3x2 – 1
Again differentiating
f '( x) = 3x 2 sin x + x3 cos x f ²(x) = 6x
f '( x) = 0
1 1
At f ' ( x ) = 0 Þ 3x 2 - 1 = 0 Þ x 2 = Þ x = ± .
Þ 3x 2 sin x + x 3 cos x = 0 3 3
Þ x 2 (3sin x + x cos x) = 0
æ -1 ö -1 æ æ -1 ö ö
2
Þ x = 0, 3sin x + x cos x = 0 ...(1) Maximum value of f ( x ) = f ç ÷= çç ÷ - 1÷
Put x = 0 in (1) è 3ø 3 çè è 3 ø ÷
ø
3 sinx = 0 Þ sin x = 0
-1 æ 1 ö -1 æ -2 ö 2
f ''( x) = 6 x sin x + 3x2 cos x + 3x2 cos x + x3 ( - sin x) = çè - 1÷ø = çè ø÷ =
3 3 3 3 3 3
f ''(0) = 0
So, f(x) has min. at x = 0. æ 1 ö 1 æ1 ö -2
Minimum value of f ( x ) = f ç ÷ = çè - 1÷ø =
æ pö æ pö è 3ø 3 3 3 3
100. (a) sin ç x + ÷ + cos ç x + ÷
è 6ø è 6ø lnx
106. (b) f ( x) =
é 1 æ pö 1 æ p öù x
= 2ê sin ç x + ÷ + cos ç x + ÷ ú
ë 2 è 6 ø 2 è 6 øû
æ1ö
é æ pö p æ pö pù ç ÷ x - lnx 1 - lnx
x
= 2 êsin ç x + ÷ cos + cos ç x + ÷ sin ú
6 4 6 4û f '( x ) = è ø =
ë è ø è ø x2 x2
é æ p p öù
= 2 êsin ç x + + ÷ ú 1 - lnx
ë è 6 4 øû f '( x ) = 0 Þ = 0 Þ 1 - lnx = 0
[Q sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cosASinB] x2
é æ 5p ö ù Þ lnx = 1 Þ x = e.
= 2 êsin ç x + ÷ ú
ë è 12 ø û 107. (b) f(x) = sin x + cos x.
We know, the maximum value of a sin x + b cos x is
æ pö
Given interval is ç 0, ÷
è 2ø a 2 + b2 .
5p p \ Maximum value of sin x + cos x is 1 + 1 = 2 .
For, maximum value x + =
12 2 A ® (2)
p 5p 6p - 5p p
Þ x= - = = Maximum value of 3 sin x + 4 cos x is 9 + 16 = 5
2 12 12 12
 EBD_7346
M-348 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
B ® (3) 112. (c) l + 2r = 40
Maximum value of 2 sin x + cos x is 4 +1 = 5
C ® (4)
Maximum value of sin x + 3 cos x is 1 + 9 = 10
D ® (1) Area is maximum, when l + 2r = 20 Þ r = 10
108. (b) The capacity of the jar will be maximum if height and 113. (a) [x(x – 1) + 1]1/3 is minimum when x2 – x + 1 is minimum,
radius of the cylinder are equal. 0£x£1
\ height = radius ....(1) 2
Given diameter is k times the height of the jar. æ 1 ö æ 1ö
x2 – x + 1 = ç x - ÷ + ç 1 - ÷
Diameter = 2 × radius è 2ø è 4ø
= 2 × height ....(from (1)) 2
æ 1ö 3
\ k = 2. = çx- ÷ +
è 2ø 4
æ pö æ pö 3
109. (a) Let y = sin çè x + ÷ø + cos çè x + ÷ø \ minimum value of x2 – x + 1 =
5 5 4
1/3
dy æ pö æ pö æ 3ö
Þ = cos ç x + ÷ - sin ç x + ÷ Þ Required value = ç ÷
dx è 5ø è 5ø è 4ø
114. (a) y = (–sin x) –x
dy
for maximum value, = 0.
dx dy -x é x ù
æ pö æ pö = ( - sin) ê ( - cos x) + log( - sin x)·( -1) ú
\ cos ç x + ÷ - sin ç x + ÷ = 0 dx ë sin x û
è 5 ø è 5ø
p /6
æ pö é dy ù p æ 1ö é p 1ù
cos ç x + ÷
è 5ø êë dx úû x = - 6 = çè 2 ÷ø êë - 6 3 - log 2 úû
Þ =1
æ pö
sin ç x + ÷ æ 6 log 2 - 3p ö
è 5ø = 2 -p /6 ç
6 ÷
è ø
æ pö p
Þ cot ç x + ÷ = cot 115. (a) Volume of half cylinder with height ‘l’ and radius ‘r’
è 5ø 4
1
p p = pr 2l ...(1)
Þ x+ = 2
5 4 Surface area of half cylinder.
p p 5p - 4p p
Þx= - = = .
4 5 20 20
110. (c) f (q) = 16 sin q – 12 sin2 q r
f ¢ (q) = 16 cos q – 24 sin q cos q
f ¢ (q) = 0 Þ cosq (16 – 24 sinq) = 0 l
Þ cos q = 0 (or) 16 – 24 sin q = 0
p 2 æ1 ö æ1 ö
Þ q = ( or ) sin q = S = l ´ 2r + 2 ç pr 2 ÷ + 2 ç prl ÷
2 3 è2 ø è2 ø
æ pö p p S = 2rl + pr 2 + prl
f ç ÷ = 16sin - 12sin 2 = 16 - 12 = 4
è 2ø 2 2
4V p.2V
2 S= + + pr 2 (from (1))
æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö pr pr
f ç sin q =÷ø = 16 çè ÷ø - 12 çè ÷ø
è 3 3 3 ds -4V 2V
32 48 32 16 16 Þ 2 - 2 + 2pr = 0
= - = - = . dr pr r
3 9 3 3 3
4V 2V
1 Þ 2pr = 2
+
111. (a) f(x) = x sin x + cos x + cos2x pr r2
2
4.pr 2 l 2 1 2
Þ f ¢( x ) = x cos x + sin x – sin x – sin x cos x Þ 2pr = + . pr l
2
2 pr r2 2
æ pö
= cos x(x – sin x) > 0 in çè 0, ÷ø l p
2 Þ =
2r p + 2
 Indefinite
Integration 17
6. What is ò log (x + 1 ) dx is equal to ?
1. If f (x) = ln (x - 1 + x 2 ), then what is ò f '' (x) dx equal to ?
(a) x log (x + 1) – x + c (b) (x + 1) log (x + 1) – x + c
[2006-I]
1 log (x + 1)
1 1 (c) +c (d) + c [2008-I]
(a) +c (b) - +c x +1 x +1
(x - 1 + x 2 ) 1 + x2
dx
7. If ò = log { f (x)}2 + c, then what is f (x) equal to ?
- 1+ x2 + c f (x)
(c) (d) ln (x - 1 + x 2 ) + c
(a) 2x + a (b) x + a
x
(c) +a (d) x2 + a [2008-I]
2. ò
If sec x cosec x dx = log | g( x ) | + c, then what is g (x) equal 2

ò (e + 1) dx equal to?
x –1
to ? [2006-II] 8. What is [2008-II]
(a) sin x cos x (b) sec x 2

(c) tan x (d) log | tan x | (a) ln ( e x + 1) + c (b) ln ( e – x + 1) + c

dx (c) – ln ( e – x + 1) + c (d) – ( e x + 1) + c
3. What is the value of ò (x 2 + a 2 )(x 2 + b2 ) ? [2007-I]
dq
9. What is ò sin q + 2 cos 2 q – 1
2 equal to? [2008-II]
[{tan –1 (x / a)}/ a – {tan –1 (x / b)}/ b] (a) tan q + c (b) cot q + c
(a) ò 2 2
+c
1 1
(a + b ) (c) tan q + c (d) cot q + c
2 2
[{tan –1 (x / a)}/ a + {tan –1 (x / b)}/ b]
(b) ò +c 10. What is ò sin x log(tan x) dx equal to? [2008-II]
(a 2 + b 2 ) (a) cosx log tanx + log tan (x/2) + c
(b) –cosx log tanx + log tan (x/2) + c
[{tan –1 (x / a)}/ a + {tan –1 (x / b)}/ b] (c) cosx log tanx + log cot (x/2) + c
(c) ò (b 2 – a 2 )
+c
(d) –cosx log tanx + log cot (x/2) + c

DIRECTION (Q. 11) : The following item consists of two

[{tan –1 (x / a)}/ a + {tan –1 (x / b)}/ b]
(d) ò (b 2 – a 2 )
+c statements, one labelled the Assertion (A) and the other labelled
the Reason (R). You are to examine these two statements carefully
and decide if the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are individually
true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the
4. What is the value of ò ( x + x) –1 dx ? [2007-I] Assertion. Select your answer using the codes given below.
(a) In (x + x ) + c (b) 2ln(1 + x ) + c ex
11. Assertion (A) : ò (1 + x log x)dx + c = e x log x
x
(c) 2ln(x + x ) + c (d) 2ln(x – x ) + c
Reason (R) : ò e x [ f ( x ) + f ¢ ( x )]dx = e x f ( x) + c
e x (1 + x) [2009-I]
5. What is the value of ò sin 2 (xex ) dx ? [2007-II]
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A
(a) – ex cot x + c
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
(b) cos2 (x ex) + c
of A
(c) log sin (x ex) + c (c) A is true but R is false
(d) – cot (x ex) + c (d) A is false but R is true
 EBD_7346
M-350 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
2
12. What is ò tan x sec 4 x dx equal to? [2009-I] 1
19. What is ò 1 + e x dx equal to? [2010-I]
5 3 5 3
sec x sec x tan x tan x
(a) + +c (b) + +c (a) x – log x + c (b) x –log (tan x) + c
5 3 5 3
(c) x –log (1+ex) + c (d) log (1+ ex) + c
tan5 x sec3 x sec5 x tan 3 x where c is a constant of integration.
(c) + +c (d) + +c
5 3 5 3
13. What ò sec x º dx is equal to? [2009-I]
20. What is ò x e x dx equal to? [2010-II]
(a) log(secx° + tan x°) + c
æp pö
(a) (
2e x x - 2 x + 2 + c )
p log tan ç + ÷
(b) è 4 2ø +c
180º (b) (
2e x x + 2 x + 2 + c )
æp xö
(c)
180º log tan ç + ÷
è 4 2ø +c
(c) (
2e x x + 2 x - 2 + c )
p
æp x ö
(d) (
2e x x - 2 x - 2 + c )
180º log tan ç + ÷
(d) è 4 360º ø + c Where ‘c’ is a constant of integration.
p
21. What is ò sec n x tan xdx equal to ? [2010-II]
a + b sin x
14. What is ò dx equal to? [2009-II]
cos 2 x sec n x sec n - 1 x
(a) asecx + btanx + c (b) atanx + bsecx + c (a) +c (b) +c
n n -1
(c) acotx + bcosecx + c (d) acosecx + bcotx + c
log x tan n - 1 x
15. What is ò dx equal to? [2009-II] tan n x
+c +c
(1 + log x ) 2 (c)
n
(d)
n -1
1 1
(a) +c (b) +c Where ‘c’ is a constant of integration.
(1 + log x) 3
(1 + log x ) 2
x x
+c e x (1 + x )
+c
ò cos2 dx
(1 + log x )
( )
(c) (d)
(1 + log x )2 22. What is xe x equal to? [2010-II]
Where c is a constant.
(a) xex + c (b) cos (xex) + c
16. ln x
What is ò e sin x dx equal to? [2010-I] (c) tan (xex) + c (d) x cosec (xex) + c
(a) eln x (sin x – cos x) + c (b) (sin x – x cos x) + c Where c is a constant of integration.
(c) (x sin x + cos x) + c (d) (sin x + x cos x) – c
Where ‘c’ is a constant of integration. xæ 1 ö
4 23. What is ò e ç x + ÷ dx equal to [2011-I]
x +1 è 2 x ø
17. What is ò x2 + 1 dx equal to? [2010-I]

x3
x3
(a) xex + C (b) ex ( x)+C
(a) – x + 4 tan –1 x + c (b) + x + 4 tan –1 x + c
3 3 (c) 2e x ( x)+C (d) 2 xe x + C
x3 x3
(c) – x + 2 tan –1 x + c (d) – x – 4 tan –1 x + c (where C is a constant of integration.)
3 3
Where ‘c’ is a constant of integration. sin x
24. What is ò dx equal to? [2011-I]
x3 x3 x
18. If ò x 2 ln x dx = ln x + + c, then what are the values
m n cos x
of m and n respectively? [2010-I] (a) +C (b) 2cos x + C
2
1 1
(a) – (b) 3, – 9 - cos x
3, 9 (c) +C (d) -2cos x + C
(c) 3, 9 (d) 3, 3 2
where c is a constant of integration.
Indefinite Integration M-351

What is ò sin -1 ( cos x ) dx equal to ? dx

25. [2011-I] 33. What is ò x ln x equal to ? [2013-I]
2 2 (a) ln (ln x) + c (b) ln x + c
xp x p x
(a) - +K (b) + +K (c) (ln x)2 + c (d) None of the above
2 2 2 2
dx
xp x2 p x2 34. What is ò equal to ? [2013-II]
(c) - - +K (d) - +K
2 2 2 2 4 + x2
Where K is a constant of integration.
dx (a) ln 4 + x2 + x + c (b) ln 4 + x2 - x + c
26. What is ò sin 2 x cos2 x equal to? [2011-II]
æ xö
(a) tan x + cot x + c (b) tan x – cot x + c (c) sin -1 ç ÷ + c (d) None of these
è 2ø
(c) (tan x + cot x)2 + c (d) (tan x – cot x)2 + c
where c is the constant of integration. 35. What is ò sin 2 x dx + ò cos2 x dx equal to ? [2013-II]
27. Consider the following: [2012-I]
1. ò ln 10 dx = x + c 2. ò 10 x dx = 10 x + c x2
(a) x + c +c (b)
where c is the constant of integration. Which of the above 2
is/are correct? (c) x2 + c (d) None of these
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only Where c is an arbitary constant.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 x
36. What is ò ee e x dx equal to ? [2013-II]
5

ò (x )
28. What is 2 [2012-I] x x
+1 2x dx equal to? (a) ee + c (b) 2e e + c
x x
7 7 (c) ee e x + c (d) 2e e e x + c
(a) ( )
x2 + 1 2 + c (b)
2 2
7
(
x +1 2 + c) 37. What is ò ( x cos x + sin x )dx equal to ? [2013-II]
7 (a) x sin x + c (b) x cos x + c
(c)
1 2
7
(
x +1 2 + c ) (d) None of the above (c) –x sin x + c (d) –x cos x + c
Where c is an arbitrary constant.
where c is a constant of integration.
38. What is the equation of a curve passing through (0, 1) and
x
29. What is òa e x dx equal to ? [2012-II] whose differential equation is given by dy = y tan x dx ?
[2014-I]
a x ex (a) y = cos x (b) y = sin x
(a) +c (b) ax ex + c
lna (c) y = sec x (d) y = cosec x
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 39-40) : For the next two (02) items that
a x ex follow :
(c) +c (d) None of the above
l n ( ae ) -1
Consider ò x tan x dx = A( x 2 + 1) tan -1 x + Bx + C ,
where c is the constant of integration.
where C is the constant of integration. [2014-II]
ln x
30. What is ò x dx equal to ? [2012-II] 39. What is the value of A ?
(a) 1 (b) 1/2
(l n x )2 (l n x ) + c (c) –1/2 (d) 1/4
(a) +c (b) 40. What is the value of B ?
2 2
(c) (ln x)2 + c (d) None of the above (a) 1 (b) 1/2
(c) –1/2 (d) 1/4
æ 1 1 ö
31. What is ò çè - 2 ÷ dx equal to ?
cos x sin x ø
2 [2012-II] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 41-42) : For the next two (02) items that
follow:
(a) 2 cosec 2x + c (b) – 2 cot 2x + c Consider the function f"(x) = sec4 × + 4 with f(0) = 0 and f'(0) = 0.
(c) 2 sec 2x + c (d) – 2 tan 2x + c [2014-II]
where c is the constant of integration.
41. What is f '(x) equal to ?
32. What is ò elnx dx equal to ? [2013-I]
tan 3 x tan 3 x
(a) xelnx + c (b) – xe–lnx + c (a) tan x - + 4x (b) tan x + + 4x
3 3
x2
(c) x + c (d) +c sec3 x tan3 x
2 (c) tan x - + 4x (d) - tan x - + 4x
where c is constant of integration. 3 3
 EBD_7346
M-352 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
42. What is f (x) equal to ?
x cos3 x – sin x
2ln sec x tan x 2 48. What is ò esinx dx equal to? [2016-II]
(a) + + 2x2 cos 2 x
3 6
(a) ( x + sec x ) esin x + c (b) ( x – sec x ) esin x + c
2
3ln sec x cot x
(b) + + 2 x2 (c) ( x + tan x ) esin x + c (d) ( x – tan x ) esin x + c
2 6
dx
49. What is òx equal to? [2017-I]
(c)
4ln sec x sec 2 x
3
+
6
+ 2x2 ( x7 + 1)
7
1 x -1 1 x7 + 1
tan x4
(a) ln +c (b) ln +c
(d) ln sec x + + 2 x2 2 x7 + 1 7 x7
12
x7 -1 1 x7
xe dx x
(c) ln +c (d) ln +c
43. What is ò ( x + 1)2 equal to? [2015-I] 7x 7 x7 + 1

(a) (x + 1)2 ex + c (b) (x + 1)ex + c ( xe-1 + ex-1 ) dx

x
50. What is ò x e + ex
equal to? [2017-I]
ex e
+c
(c) +c (d)
x +1 ( x + 1)2 x2
(a) +c (b) In (x + e) + c
where c is the constant integration. 2
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 44-45): For the next two (2) items that
follow.
(c) In (xe + ex) + c
1
e
In x e + e x + c
(d) ( )
dx 1 é æ x + a öù
The integral ò is of the form In ê tan ç ÷ . Let ¦(x) be an indefinite integral of sin 2 x. Consider the
r ë è 2 ø úû
51.
a cos x + b sin x
following statements : [2017-I]
44. What is r equal to? [2015-I]
Statement 1 : The function ¦(x) satisfies ¦(x + p)
(a) a2 + b2 (b) a 2 + b2 = ¦(x) for all real x.
Statement 2 : sin 2 (x + p) = sin 2 x for all real x.
(c) a+b (d) a2 - b2 Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
45. What is a equal to? above statements?
æaö -1 æ b ö
(a) Both the statements are true and Statement 2 is the
(a) tan -1 ç ÷ (b) tan ç ÷ correct explanation of Statement 1
èbø èaø
(b) Both the statements are true but Statement 2 is not the
æ a +b ö -1 æ a - b ö correct explanation of Statement 1
(c) tan -1 ç ÷ (d) tan ç ÷
è a -b ø è a +b ø (c) Statement 1 is true but Statement 2 is false
dx (d) Statement 1 is false but Statement 2 is true
46. What is ò equal to? [2015-I] -1
x 2 + a2 52. What is ò tan ( sec x + tan x ) dx equal to? [2017-II]

px x 2 px x 2
x+ x 2 + a 2 x - x2 + a2 (a) + +c (b) + +c
(a) ln +c (b) ln +c 4 4 2 4
a a
px px 2 px x 2
(c) + +c (d) - +c
4 4 4 4
x2 + x2 + a2 -1 -2
(c) ln
a
+c (d) None of these 53. ò ( In x ) dx - ò ( In x ) dx is equal to [2017-II]
(a) x (In x)–1 + c (b) x (In x)–2 + c
where c is the constant of integration. (c) x (In x) + c (d) x (In x)2 + c
x 4 –1 dx
47. What is ò 2 4 2
dx equal to? [2016-II] 54. What is ò 2x - 1 equal to? [2018-I]
x x + x +1

x 4 + x 2 +1 4
x +2–
1
+c (a) ln (2x – 1) + c (b)
(
ln 1 - 2 - x )+c
(a) +c (b) 2 ln 2
x x

(c) x + 2 1
+1 + c (d)
x 4 – x 2 +1
+c (c)
(
ln 2 - x - 1 )+c (d)
(
ln 1 + 2 - x )+c
2 2 ln 2 ln 2
x x
Indefinite Integration M-353

55. What is ò sin3 x cos x dx equal to? [2018-II] (c) c +

1 æ btanx ö
tan –1 ç
(a) cos4 x + c (b) sin 4 x + c ab è a ÷ø

(1 - sin x ) (1 - cos x ) (d) None of these

2 2 2 2

(c) (d) 2
4
+c
4
+c 58. What is ò ln( x )dx equal to ? [2019-I]
Where c is the constant of integration. 2
(a) 2x ln(x) – 2x + c (b) +c
òe
In(tan x)
56. What is dx equal to? [2018-II] x
(a) In tan x + c (b) In sec x + c 2 ln( x)
(c) 2x ln(x) + c (d) - 2x + c
(c) tan x + c (d) e +c tan x x
Where c is the constant of integration. x ln( a )
dx
59. What is òe dx equal to ? [2019-I]
57. What is ò a 2sin 2x + b 2cos2 x equal to? [2018-II] ax ex
(a) +c (b) +c
ln(a ) ln(a )
1 –1 æ atanx ö
(a) c + tan çè ÷
ab b ø ex ae x
(c) +c (d) +c
1 æ btanx ö
ln(ae) ln(a )
(b) c – tan –1 ç
ab è a ÷ø
ANSWER KEY
1 (b) 7 (c) 13 (a) 19 (c) 25 (a) 31 (a) 37 (a) 43 (c) 49 (d) 55 (d)
2 (c) 8 (c) 14 (b) 20 (a) 26 (b) 32 (d) 38 (c) 44 (b) 50 (d) 56 (b)
3 (d) 9 (a) 15 (c) 21 (a) 27 (d) 33 (a) 39 (b) 45 (a) 51 (b) 57 (a)
4 (b) 10 (b) 16 (b) 22 (c) 28 (c) 34 (a) 40 (c) 46 (a) 52 (a) 58 (a)
5 (d) 11 (b) 17 (c) 23 (b) 29 (c) 35 (a) 41 (b) 47 (c) 53 (a) 59 (a)
6 (b) 12 (b) 18 (b) 24 (d) 30 (a) 36 (a) 42 (a) 48 (b) 54 (b)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) Given that f (x) = ln (x - 1 + x 2 ) ò
But sec x cosec x dx = log | g (x) | +c
\ g (x) = tan x
ò f "(x) dx = f '(x) + c where c is a constant
3. (d) The given integral is
dx
ò
( x + a )( x 2 + b 2 )
2 2
1 æ 2x ö
= . ç1 - ÷+c Breaking the expression under integral into partial
ç ÷ fraction
(x - 1 + x 2 ) è 2 1 + x 2 ø
1
-(x - 1 + x 2 ) 1 ( x 2 + a 2 )( x 2 + b 2 )
= +c = - +c
( 1 + x 2 ) (x - 1 + x 2 ) 1 + x2 æ 1 1 ö
= çç 2 - ÷´ 1
2 2 2 ÷ 2 2
2 è (x + a ) (x + b ) ø b - a
2.
ò
(c) Let I = sec x.cosec x dx =
ò 2 sin x cos x dx The given integral is
1 æ 1 1 ö
) ò çè ( x 2 + a 2 ) ( x 2 + b 2 ) ÷ø
1 1 2 tan x ç - ÷dx
=2 ò sin 2x
dx = 2 ò 2 tan x
[Q sin 2x =
1 + tan 2 x
] 2
(b - a 2

2
1 + tan x 1 é 1 1 ù
) ò ëx2 + a2
2 = ê dx - ò dx ú
2 2
sec x (b - a x2 + b2 û
= ò tan x
dx
ì -1 æ x ö
Let tan x = t Þ sec2 dx = dt æ x öü
ï tan ç ÷ tan -1ç ÷ ï
dt 1 ï èaø- è b øï+ c
So, I =
t ò
= log | t | +c = log | tan x | + c = 2 2 í
(b - a ) ï a b
ý
ï
g (x) = tan x
îï þï
 EBD_7346
M-354 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

4. (b) ò (x + x ) -1 dx = ò
1
dx
10. (b) ò sin x log(tan x)dx
(x + x ) 1
= - cos x log tan x - ò (- cos x) .sec 2 x dx
1 tan x
= ò( x× x + x)
× dx
1
= - cos x log tan x + ò dx
Let x +1=t sin x
1 1 x
then, dx = dt Þ dx = 2dt 1 + tan 2
2 x x = - cos x log(tan x ) + ò 2 dx
x
1 2 tan
\ ò x( x + 1)
dx =
ò
2dt
= 2 log t + c 2
t
x
= 2 log (1 + x ) + c Let t = tan
2
5. (d) Let the given integral be
dx 2 2
e x (1 + x) Þ = Þ dx = × dt
I= ò
sin 2 (xe x )
dx dt 1 + t 2
1+ t2
Put x ex = t and ex ( 1 + x ) dx = dt x
1 + tan 2
dt 2 × dx
Þ I=
ò 2 ò
= cos ec 2 t dt So, – cos x × log(tan x) + ò x
sin t 2 tan
= – cot t + c = – cot (x ex) + c 2
6. (b) Let I = ò log(x + 1)dx 1+ t2 2
Let x + 1 = t
= – cos x × log(tan x) + ò ×
2t 1 + t 2
× dt

Þ dx = dt 1
Þ I = ò 1.log tdt = - cos x log tan x + ò .dt
t
Integrating by parts, taking log t as first function = - cos x log tan x + log(t ) + c
1
Þ I = t log t – ò .tdt + c1 æ xö
t = - cos x log tan x + log tan ç ÷ + c
è 2ø
= t log t – ò 1dt + c1 = t log t – t + c1
= (x + 1) log (x + 1) – x – 1 + c1 ex
= (x + 1) log (x + 1) – x + c [Q c = c1 – 1]
11. (b) (A) Consider ò x
(1 + x log x )dx
7. (c) We check from the given options one by one. Options
ex
(a) and (b) do not satisfy. We check option (c). =ò dx + ò e x log x dx
x x
Let f (x) = + a
2 = e x log x - ò e x log x dx + ò e x log x dx = e x log x
dx 2dx
\ò =ò ò e [ f ( x) + f '( x)] dx
x
(R)
x (x + 2a )
+a
2 = ò e x f ( x) dx + ò e x f '( x) dx
= 2 log (x + 2a) + c1 = log (x + 2a)2 + c1
æx ö
2
æx ö
2
= e x f ( x ) - ò e x f '( x ) dx + ò e x f '( x) dx
= e x f ( x) + c
= log ç + a ÷ + log 22 + c1 = log ç + a ÷ + c
è2 ø è2 ø Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
1 e- x
8. (c) Let I = ò (e x + 1) -1 dx = ò dx = ò 1 + e – x dx 12. (b) Let I = ò tan 2 x sec 4 x dx
ex +1
Let tan x = t
Let 1+ e–x = t Þ -e - x dx = dt Þ sec2 x dx = dt
1
\ I = -ò dt = – log t + c = – log (1 + e–x) + c \ I = ò tan 2 x.sec 2 x.sec 2 x.dx
t
ò tan x(1 + tan x)sec x.dx
dq 2 2 2
=
9. (a) Let I = ò 2
sin q + 2 cos 2 q - 1
\ I = ò t 2 (1 + t 2 )dt = ò (t 2 + t 4 ) dt
dq dq
= ò 2 2 =ò
1 - cos q + 2cos q - 1 cos 2 q t5 t3 tan5 x tan3 x
= + +c = + +c
= ò sec 2 qd q = tan q + c 5 3 5 3
Indefinite Integration M-355

sec x° × (sec x° + tan x°) x3 x3

13. (a) ò sec x° × dx = ò sec x° + tan x°
× dx =
3
1n x - + c
9
....(1)
Let u = sec x° + tan x°
2 x3 x3
Þ
du
= sec x° + tan x° + sec2 x°
But òx 1n x dx =
m
1n x +
n
+c
dx On comparing with (1), we get
Þ du = (sec x° × tan x° + sec2 x°) × dx m = 3 and n = – 9
sec x° × (sec x° + tan x°)
\ ò sec x° + tan x°
dx
19. (c)
1
ò 1 + e x dx = ò
1
dx = ò
e- x
dx
æ 1ö e- x + 1
e x ç1 + x ÷
sec2 x° + sec x° × tan x° è e ø
=ò × dx
sec x° + tan x°
Put 1 + e - x = t
du
= ò = log (u) + C = log(sec x° + tan x°) + C -e - x dx = dt
u
a + b sin x æ a b sin x ö e- x dt
14. (b) Consider ò dx = ò ç
è
+ ÷ dx
\ ò1+ e -x
dx = - ò
t
= - log t + c
2
cos x cos x cos2 x ø
2

= - log (1 + e - x ) + c
= ò (a sec2 x + b tan x sec x)dx = a tan x + b sec x + c
æ 1 + ex ö
15. (c) Let I = ò
log x
dx = - log ç x ÷ + c = x - log (1 + e x ) + c
(1 + log x)2 è e ø
(Q log ex = x)
1
Put log x = t Þ dx = dt xe x dx
x 20. (a) Let I = ò
Þ dx = x × dt Þ dx = et × dt (Q x = et)
Put, x = t
et t et .(t + 1 –1) Differentiate both side w.r.t (t)
I =ò dt = ò dt
(1 + t )2 (1 + t )2 1
Þ dx = dt Þ dx = 2t dt
2 x
et (1 + t ) et et et
=ò
(1 + t ) 2
dt – ò (1 + t )2 dt = ò 1 + t ò (1 + t )2 dt
dt –
\ I = ò tet 2t dt = 2ò t 2et dt
By parts, let first function = t2 and second function
et 1 et = et.
= – ò – et dt – ò dt
1+ t (1 + t ) 2 (1 + t )2
= 2 ét 2 et - ò 2t et dt ù = 2 ét 2 et - 2{tet - ò et dt} ù
ë û ë û
et t 1 et = 2 [t2et – 2t et + 2et] + c
= +òe dt – ò dt
1+ t (1 + t )2 (1 + t ) 2 where c is a constant of integration.
x x x
et x = 2[ xe -2 xe + 2e ]+ c
= +c = +c
1+ t 1 + log x x
= 2e ( x - 2 x + 2) + c
16. (b) Let I = ò e1n x sin x dx = ò x sin x dx (Q e log a = a )

= - x cos x + ò1.cos x dx = (sin x - x cos x) + c

21. (a) Let I = ò secn x tan xdx.
dt
x4 +1 x4 + 2 -1 æ x4 - 1 2 ö Put, sec x = t Þ sec x tan xdx = dt Þ dx =
t
17. (c) ò x2 +1 dx = ò x2 + 1 dx = ò çè x 2 + 1 + x2 + 1 ÷ø dx dt t n
sec n
x
n n -1
\ I = ò t . = ò t dt = + c = +c
t n n
é ( x 2 - 1)( x 2 + 1) 2 ù where ‘c’ is a constant of integration.
= òê + 2 ú dx
êë x +1
2
x + 1ú
û e x (1 + x )
22. (c) Let I = ò dx
æ 2 ö x3
= ò ç x 2 - 1 + 2 ÷ dx = - x + 2 tan -1 x + c
x +1 ø
( )
cos 2 xe x
è 3 Put, xex = t Þ ex (1+ x) dx = dt
x3 1 x3 dt
ò x 1n x dx = 1n x 3 - ò x . 3 dx I =ò = ò sec 2 tdt = tan t + c
2
18. (b) \
cos 2 t
x3 x2 x3 1 x3 where ‘c’ is a constant of integration.
= 1n x - ò dx = 1n x - . + c = tan (xex) + c
3 3 3 3 3
 EBD_7346
M-356 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

æ 1 ö I = a x e x - ln a ò a x e x dx
23. (b) Let I =
ò ex ç x +
è ÷ dx
2 xø I = ax ex – ln a. (I)
Þ (1 + ln a) I = ax ex.
1
òe ò
x
= x dx + e x . dx
2 x a x ex
Þ I= + c (Qln e = 1)
1 1 ln ( ae )
= ex . x – ò ex . 2 x ò
dx + e x .
2 x
dx
lnx
30. (a) Let I = ò dx
x
= ex . x + C Put ln x = t
where C is constant of integration.
1
sin x dx = dt
24. (d) Let I = ò x
dx x
t2
1 1 \ I = ò t dt = +c
Put x =t Þ dx = dt Þ dx = 2dt 2
2 x x where c is the constant of integration.
\ ò
I = 2 sin t dt = - 2 cos t + C = - 2cos x + C
=
( ln x ) 2
+c
where ‘C’ is a constant of integration. 2
æ 1 1 ö
25. ò
(a) Let I = sin -1 (cos x) dx 31. (a) Let I = ò çè cos2 x - sin 2 x ÷ø dx

ò ( sec )
é æp öù æp ö
ò sin-1 êësin çè 2 - x÷ø úû dx = ò çè 2 - x ÷ø d x
2
= = x - cos ec2 x dx

xp x 2 = ò sec 2 x dx - ò cosec 2 x dx
= - +K = tan x + cot x + c
2 2
where K is a constant of integration. 1 tan 2 x + 1 sec 2 x
= tan x + +c = +c = +c
26. (b) Let I = ò
dx
=ò
(sin 2 x + cos2 x ) dx 2
tan x tan x tan x

sin 2 x cos2 x 2
sin 2 x cos2 x = 2sin x cos x + c = + c = 2 cosec 2x + c
sin 2x
é sin 2 x cos 2 x ù
= òê + ú dx x2
32. (d) Let I = ò e lnx dx = ò x dx = +c
êë sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x úû 2
é 1 dx
1 ù 33. (a) Let I = ò
= òê + ú dx x ln x
êë cos 2 x sin 2 x úû
1
Put ln x = t Þ dx = dt
( 2
= ò sec x + cos ec x dx 2
) 1
x
= tan x – cot x + c where c is constant of Integration. \ I = ò dt = lnt + c = ln ( lnx ) + c
t
27. (d) (1) Let I = ò l n10 dx = l n10ò dx = [l n10]x + c
where c is the constant of integration.
x 10x 10x dx dx
(2) Let I = ò 10 dx =
loge 10
+c =
ln 10
+c 34. (a) ò = ò = ln | 4 + x 2 + x | + C
4+x 2 2 + x2
2

28. (c) Let I = ò x(x 2 + 1)5/2 dx 2 2

x dx = ò (sin 2 x + (cos2 x) dx
Put x2 + 1 = t
35. (a) ò sin x dx + ò cos
2xdx = dt ò dx = x + c
dt x
xdx =
2
36. (a) I = òee e x dx
Let ex = y Þ ex dx = dy
1 æ t7 / 2 ö
( )
dt 1 7/2
\ I = ò(t)
5/2
= ç ÷ + c = x2 +1 +c dy
2 2ç 7/2 ÷ 7 dx = x
è ø e
(c) Let I = ò a e dx
x x
29. y x dy
I II I = ò e e x = ò e y dy = ey + c
e
òe dx - ò a x ln a e x dx
x x
I= a e x
I= e +c
Indefinite Integration M-357

t3
37. (a) ò (x cos x + sin x)dx = ò x cos x dx + ò sin xdx \ I1 = ò (1 + t 2 )dt = t + + C¢
3
= x sin x - ò sin x dx + ò sin x dx = x sin x + c
tan 3 x
38. (c) dy = y tan x dx = tan x + + C¢
3
dy
ò y
= ò tan x dx
\ f¢ (x) = tan x +
tan 3 x
+ 4x + C¢
3
log |y| = log |sec x| + log |c|
where, C = C1 + C¢
log |y| = log |c sec x|
y = csec x Q f¢ (0) = 0 Þ C 0
at x = 0, y = 1 tan 3 x
y= c Thus, f¢ (x) = tan x + + 4x
3
Solution is given by
y = sec x 42. (a) f(x) = ò f ¢ (x)dx + C2
Sol. (39–40)
æ tan3 x ö
Given, ò x tan -1 xdx = A(x 2 + 1) tan -1 x + Bx + C = ò ç tan x + + 4x÷ dx + C2
è 3 ø
where, C is the constant of integration
Consider, ò x tan -1 x dx 1
= ò tan x dx + tan 3 x dx + 4 ò x dx + C 2
II I
3ò
x2 d x2 x2
= tan -1 x. - ò (tan -1x). dx = ò tan x dx +
1 2
3ò
2 dx 2 tan x(sec x - 1)dx + 4. + C2
2
(using integration by parts)
2 1
x 2 .tan -1 x 1 x2 = ò tan x dx + ò tan x.sec 2 x dx + 2x 2 + C 2
- ò dx 3 3
=
2 2 1 + x2
2 1
= ln(sec x) + I 2 + 2x 2 + C 2
x 2 tan -1 x 1 æ æ 1 + x 2 - 1ö ö 3 3
= - çò ç ÷ dx ÷
2 2 è è 1+ x2 ø ø Consider I2 = ò tan x sec 2 x dx
Put tan x = t Þ sec2 x d x = dt
x2 tan-1 x 1 æ dx ö
= - ç ò dx - ò ÷ t2 tan 2 x
2 2è 1 + x2 ø Þ l2 = ò t dt = + C3 = + C3
2 2
x 2 tan -1 x 1
= - (x - tan -1 x) + C \ f(x) =
2 1
ln(sec x) + tan 2 x + 2x 2 + C4
2 2 3 6
x 2 tan -1 x x tan -1 x æC ö
= - + +C Here, C4 = C 2 + ç 3 ÷
2 2 2 è 3ø
1 2 x Q f(0) = 0
= (x + 1) tan -1 x - + C
2 2 2
Þ0= ln(1) + 0 + 0 + C4
1 3
39. (b) A = , hence option (b) is correct. Þ C4 = 0
2
2 1
1 \ f(x) = ln(sec x) + tan 2 x + 2x 2
40. (c) B = – , hence option (c) is correct. 3 6
2
41. (b) f ¢ (x) = ò f ¢¢ (x)dx + C1 x ex
43. (c) ò (1 + x )2 dx
= ò (sec 4 x + 4)dx + C1
é 1 1 ù
= ò sec 2 x sec 2 x dx + ò 4dx + C1 = ò ex ê – ú dx
êë1 + x (1 + x )2 úû
= ò (1 + tan 2 x)sec 2 x dx + 4x + C1 = I1 + 4x + C1
Put tan x = t in the integral I1, then
sec2 x dx = dt
=
ex
1+ x
+C {ò e x
(f ( x ) + f ¢ ( x )) dx = ex f (x )}
 EBD_7346
M-358 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
47. (c) Take option (a)
dx 1 é æ x + a öù
44. (b) Given that, ò a cos x + b sin x = r ln êë tan çè 2 ÷ø úû x 4 + x3 + 1
I1 = +C
Let a = r sin a, b = r cos a x
dx 1 1 dI1 d
= é ( x3 + x 2 + x -1 )1/ 2 + C ùû
ò r sin a cos x + r cos a sin x = r ò sin (x + a) dx dx ë
dI 2 1 3
1 1 é æ x + a öù = ( x + x 2 + x -1 ) -1/2 (3x 2 + 2 x - x -2 )
= ò cosec ( x + a ) dx = ln ê tan ç ÷ dx 2
r r ë è 2 ø úû
a = r sin a Þ a2 = r2 sin2 a ... (i) é 2 1 ù
3x + 2 x - 2 ú
b = r cos a Þ b2 = r2 cos2 a ... (ii) 1ê x ú
= ê
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 2ê 3 2 1 ú
r2 = a2 + b2 ê x +x + x ú
ë û
Þ r= a 2 + b2 .
é ù
45. (a) a = r sin a ... (i) dI 2 1 ê 3x 4 + 2 x 3 - 1 ú
= ê ú
b = r cos a ... (ii) dx 2 ê x 2 4 3 ú
Dividing (i) from (ii), ê x + x +1 ú
ë x û
a Take option (b) :
= tan a
b
1
I 2 = x4 + 2 - +C
æaö x2
a = tan–1 çè ÷ø .
b
dI 2 1 4
= [ x + 2 - x -2 ]-1/ 2 [4 x 3 + 0 + 2 x -3 ]
dx 2
dx
46. (a) ò é 2 ù
x2 + a2 4x3 + 3
1ê x
ú 2 x6 + 1
Let x = a tan u = ê ú=
2ê 4 1 ú x3 6 2
dx = a sec2 u du ê x +2- 2 ú x x + 2x - 1
ë x û
a sec2 u du dI 2 2x6 +1
= ò 2 2 2 =
a tan u + a dx x 2 x 6 + 2 x - 1
Take option (c) :
sec 2 u du a sec2 u du
=a ò Þ ò sec u I3 = x 2 + x -2 + 1 + C
2
(
a 1 + tan u 2
) a
dI 3 1 2
= [ x + x -2 + 1]-1/ 2 [2 x - 2 x -3 + 0]
dx 2
sec2 u du
= ò sec u = ò sec u du é 2 ù
2x - 3 ú
1ê x 1 é 2( x 4 - 1) ù
= ê ú= ê ú
éQ sec x dx = tan x ù 2ê 2 1 2 ê 3 x4 + 1 + x 2
ë ò x + 2 +1ú
= ln[tan (u) + sec (u)] + c ú
û êë úû êx ú
x ë x2 û
é x x2 ù
= ln ê + 1+ 2 ú + c dI3 x4 -1
=
ê a2 a úû dx x 2 x 4 + x 2 + 1
ë

é a2 + x2 ù 48. (b) Let us differentiate all the options one by one to get
x
= ln ê + ú+c the expression in the question whose integral is to be
êa a ú found.
ë û
Here xesin x is the common term in all the options. So,
é x + x2 + a 2 ù let us differentiate it first.
= ln ê ú+c
ê a ú Let l = xesin x
ë û
dl
\ Option (a) is correct. Þ = esin x [ x cos x + 1]
dx
Indefinite Integration M-359

Þ
dl
=
esin x
[ x cos3 x + cos 2 x ] ( xe-1 + ex-1 ) dx = 1 e.x e -1 + e x
dx cos 2 x \ ò x e + ex e ò x e + ex
.dx
Let m = sec xesin x
1 dt 1
eò t e
dm = = .ln t + c
Þ = sec xesin x × cos x + esin x sec x tan x
dx

Þ
dm é
= esin x ê1 +
sin x ù
1
e
(
= .ln x e + e x + c )
ú
dx ë cos 2 x û 1 - cos 2x
51. (b) f ( x ) = ò sin 2 x.dx = ò .dx
dm esin x 2
Þ = [cos 2 x + sin x]
dx cos 2 x 1 sin 2x 1 1 1
= x- · + c = x - sin 2x + c
Differentiation of option (a) is 2 2 2 2 4
esin x 1 1
f ( p + x ) = ( p + x ) - sin 2 ( p + x )
= [ x cos3 x + cos 2 x + cos 2 x + sin x ] (i)
cos 2 x 2 4
1 1 1
esin x = p + x - sin ( 2 p + 2x ) + c
= 2
[ x cos3 x + 2 cos 2 x + sin x] 2 2 2
cos x
Differentiation of option (b) is x 1
= - sin 2x + c = f ( x )
2 2
esin x
= [ x cos3 x + cos 2 x - cos 2 x - sin x ] So, statement 1 is true.
cos 2 x (ii) sin 2 (p + x) = sin2x
(–sinx)2 = sin2x
esin x
= [ x cos3 x - sin x ] Þ sin 2x = sin2x
2
cos x So, statement 2 is true
\ Option (b) is correct.
ò tan (sec x + tan x ) dx
-1
52. (a)
6
dx x
òx =ò .dx
49. (d)
( 7
x +1 ) x 7
( x7 + 1 ) -1 æ æp x öö
= ò tan ç tan ç + ÷ ÷ dx Q sec x + tan x =
è è 4 2 ø ø
1 + sin x
cos x
Let x7 = t
æp xö æp xö
dt = tan ç + ÷ = ò çè + ÷ dx
6
Þ 7x .dx = dt Þ x dx = 6 è4 2ø 4 2ø
7
px x 2
x 6 dx 1 dt = + + c.
Then ò x 7 (x 7 + 1) =
7 ò t (t+1) 4 4
-1 -2
53. (a) ò ( ln x ) dx - ò ( ln x ) dx
1é 1 1 ù
= ê ò dt - ò dt
7ë t t + 1 úû é 1 1 ù
= òê - ú.dx .
ê ln x ( ln x )2 ú
1 ë û
= éln t - ln t + 1 ùû + c
7ë
Put ln x = t Þ x = e t
1 t dx = et . dt.
= ln +c
7 t +1
é 1 1 ù æ1 1 ö t
7 \ò ê - ú dx = ò ç - ÷ .e .dt
1 x
= ln 7 +c
ê
ë
ln x ( ln x ) úû
2
è t t2 ø
7 x +1
æ1 1 ö
= ò e t . ç - ÷ .dt
(x e -1
+e x -1
) dx è t t2 ø
50. (d) ò x e + ex et x
= +c= +c
dt t ln x
e x e -1 x
Put x + e = t Þ ex + e =
dx -1
= x ( ln x ) +c.
Þ ex ( e -1
+e x
) dx = dt
 EBD_7346
M-360 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

òe dx = ò tan x dx
dx dx ln(tan x )
56. (b)
54. (b) ò 2x - 1 = ò 1
= ln sec x + c
2 –x
1 sec 2 x
2- x 57. (a) I = ò
=ò .dx a2 æ bö
2
1 - 2– x tan 2 x + ç ÷
è aø
Let 1 – 2–x = t
dt 1 dt dt 1 a æ a tan x ö
Þ 2- x.log 2 = Þ 2- x = . Þ 2- x.dx = ´ tan -1 ç +c
dx log 2 dx log 2
=
a2
b è b ÷ø

2- x 1 æ a tan x ö
1 dt 1
(log t ) + c = c+ tan -1 ç
\ò è b ÷ø
log 2 ò t log 2
dx = = ab
1 - 2- x
2
ò ln( x ) × dx = 2·ò ln x × dx
( ( ))
1 58. (a)
= log 1 - 2-x + c.
log2 1
= 2 ò 1.ln x.dx = 2 [ln x.x - ò .x.dx
55. (d) Let t = sin x Þ dt = cos x dx x
t4 sin 4 x = 2 (x. lnx – x) + c = 2x lnx – 2x + c
ò sin
3
x cos x dx = ò t 3 dt = +c = +c
4 4 ax
(1 - cos x) 2 2 59. (a) òe
x ln(a )
·dx = ò e .dx =
x +c
= +c ln(a)
4
Definite Integration & Its Application M-361

Definite Integration
& Its Application 18
æ px ö 1
If f (x) = A sin ç ÷ + B and f ' æç ö÷ =
1
1. 2 and
ò (x - 1)e
-x
5. What is the value of dx ?
è 2 ø è2ø
0
1 2A
ò 0f (x) dx = p
, then what is the value of B ? (a) 0 (b) e
1 -1
2 4 (c) (d) [2006-II]
(a) (b) e e
p p
(c) 0 (d) 1 [2006-I] x
2. If m and n are integers, then what is the value of 6. If ò (e x –1) –1 dx =ln 3 , then what is the value of x ?
ln 2 2
p

ò sin mx sin nx dx,if m ¹ n ? (a) e2 (b)

1
0 e
1 (c) ln 4 (d) 1 [2007-I]
(a) 0 (b)
m+n 2 9
7 5
1 7. If ò f (x)dx =
3 and ò f (x)dx = – 6 , then what is the
(c) (d) mn [2006-I] –3 –3
m-n
3. What is the area under the curve y = | x | + | x – 1| between 9
x = 0 and x = 1 ? value of ò f (x)dx ?
1 2
(a) (b) 1
2 19 19
(a) – (b)
3 6 6
(c) (d) 2 [2006-I]
2
3 3
4. The following question consist of two statements, one (c) (d) – [2007-I]
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (R)'. 2 2
You are to examine these two statements carefully and select 8. The following question consist of two statements, one
the answer. labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (R)'.
You are to examine these two statements carefully and select
e
the answer.
ò ln
2
Assertion (A) : x dx = e - 2
1 p p/2
7
Assertion(A) : ò sin x dx = 2 ò sin 7 x dx
e 0 0
Reason (R) : In = ò ln n x dx = e - nI n -1
Reason(R) : sin7x is an odd function
1
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
explanation of A (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation A
correct explanation A
(c) A is true but R is false
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true [2006-II] (d) A is false but R is true [2007-I]
 EBD_7346
M-362 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
9. What is the area enclosed by the curve 2x2 + y2 = 1?
ò ( ax + bx + c ) dx depends on which of the
2
3
17. The value of
(a) 2 p (b) p –2

following? [2008-II]
p p (a) Values of x only
(c) (d) [2007-II]
2 2 (b) Values of each of a, b and c
(c) Value of c only
1
10. What is the value of integral I = ò x (1 - x)9 dx ? (d) Value of b only
0 18. What are the values of p which satisfy the equation

ò ( 3x + 4x – 5) dx = p3 – 2?
1 1 P
2
(a) (b) [2008-II]
0
110 111
(a) 1/2 and 2 (b) –1/2 and 2
1 1 (c) 1/2 and –2 (d) –1/2 and –2
(c) (d) [2007-II]
112 119 p/2
19. What is the value of ò0 log (tan x) dx? [2009-I]
1
11. What is the value of ò-1 x | x | dx ? (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) p/4
(a) 2 (b) 1
1 n
1 20. What is ò0 x(1 – x) dx equal to? [2009-I]
(c) (d) 0 [2007-II]
4
1 1
p/2 (a) (b) (n + 1)(n + 2)
8 n(n + 1)
12. What is the value of ò0 cos x dx ?
(c) 1 (d) 0
35p 70 21. What is the value of k if the area bounded by the curve
(a) (b) y = sin kx, y = 0, x = p/k, x = p/(3k) is 3 sq unit? [2009-II]
256 256 (a) 1/2 (b) 1
16 8p (c) 3/2 (d) 2
(c) (d) [2007-II]
35 35 1
22. If f(x) = a + bx + cx2, then what is ò0 f ( x) dx equal to?
b log x
13. What is òa x
dx equal to?
(a) [f (0) + 4f (1/2) + f (1)]/6
[2009-II]

(a) (1 / 2) log (ab) . log (b / a) (b) [f (0) + 4f (1/2) + f (1)]/3

(b) log b / log a (c) [f (0) + 4f (1/2) + f (1)]
(c) log (b / a) (d) [f (0) + 2f (1/2) + f (1)]/6
23. What is the area bounded by the curve y = 4x – x2 – 3 and
(d) (1 / 2) log [(a + b) / ab] [2007-II]
the x-axis? [2009-II]
14. What is the area of the region bounded by the line 3x – 5y = 15, (a) 2/3 sq unit (b) 4/3 sq unit
x =1, x = 3 and x-axis in sq unit ? (c) 5/3 sq unit (d) 4/5 sq unit
36 18 p/ 2 sin3 x
(a)
5
(b)
5 24. What is ò0 sin3 x + cos3 x
dx ? [2010-I]

9 3 p
(c) (d) [2008-I] (a) p (b)
5 5 2
1 x2 p
15. What is the value of ò0 xe dx ? (c)
4
(d) 0

(e - 1)
25. What is the area enclosed between the curves y2 = 12x and
(a) (b) e2 – 1 the lines x = 0 and y = 6? [2010-I]
2 (a) 2 sq unit (b) 4 sq unit
(c) 2 (e – 1) (d) e–1 [2008-I] (c) 6 sq unit (d) 8 sq unit
p/ 4
ò-p / 4 tan
3
26. What is xdx equal to ? [2010-I]
16. What is the area of the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 = 1 [2008-II]
p 1
(a) 6p (b) (a) 3 (b)
36 3
1
p p (c) (d) 0
(c) (d) 2
6 6
Definite Integration & Its Application M-363

p/4 dx p dx
27. What is the value of òp / 6 sin x cos x ? [2010-II] 35. What is ò 2 equal to? [2011-I]
0 1 + 2sin x
(a) 2 ln 3 (b) ln 3 p
(c) 2 ln 3 (d) 4 ln 3 (a) p (b)
3
2 xæ1 1 ö
28. What is the value of ò1 e ç x - 2 ÷ dx ? [2010-II] p 2p
è x ø (c) (d)
3 3
æe ö p
(a) e ç - 1÷ (b) e (e – 1) 36. If f(x) is an even function, then what is ò f ( cos x ) dx equal
è2 ø
0
1 to? [2011-I]
(c) e - (d) 0
e
p
29. What is the area under the curve f(x) = xex above the x-axis 2
and between the lines x = 0 and x = 1? [2010-II] (a) 0 (b) ò f ( cos x ) dx
0
1
(a) sq unit (b) 1 sq unit
2 p
2
(c)
3
sq unit (d) 2 sq unit (c) 2 ò f ( cos x ) dx (d) 1
2 0
30. What is the area bounded by the curve y = x2 and the line 37. What is the area between the curve
y = 16? [2010-II]
(a) 32/3 (b) 64/3 p
y = cos3x, 0 £ x £ and the co-ordinate axes? [2011-II]
(c) 256/3 (d) 128/3 6
31. What is the area of the region bounded by the curve
1
2 (a) 1 square unit (b) square unit
x 2
f ( x) = 1 - , x Î [ -2, 2] , and the x-axis ? [2010-II]
4 1 1
(c) square unit (d) square unit
8 4 3 4
(a) sq unit (b) sq unit
3 3 38. What is the area enclosed by the equation
x2 + y2 = 2? [2011-II]
2 1
(c) sq unit (d) sq unit (a) 4p square units (b) 2p square units
3 3 (c) 4p2 square units (d) 4 square units
1
{ }
2
32. What is the value of the integral ò-1 x dx ? [2010-II]
39. If ò K 2 + ( 4 - 4 K ) x + 4 x3 dx £ 12 , then which one of the
(a) 1 (b) 0 1
(c) 2 (d) – 1 following is correct? [2011-II]
33. What is the area boun ded by the curves y = e x , (a) K = 3 (b) 0 £ K < 3
y = e–x and the straight line x = 1? [2011-I] (c) K £ 4 (d) K = 0
æ 1ö æ 1ö 40. What is the area bounded by the curve x+ y= a
(a) ç e + ÷ sq unit (b) ç e - ÷ sq unit
è eø è eø
( x, y ³ 0) and the coordinate axes? [2011-II]
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
(c) ç e + - 2 ÷ sq unit (d) ç e - - 2 ÷ sq unit 5a 2 a2
è e ø è e ø (a) (b)
6 3
p
4 a2 a2
34. If I n = ò tan n x dx then what is In + In – 2 equal to? (c) (d)
0 2 6
p /2
1 1
(a)
n
(b) ( n - 1) [2011-I] 41. What is ò sin x dx equal to? [2012-I]
-p /2
n 1 (a) 2 (b) 1
(c) (d) p
( n - 1) ( n - 2) (c) (d) 0
 EBD_7346
M-364 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
42. The area bounded by the curve x = f[y], the y-axis and the a
two lines y = a and y = b is equal to: [2012-I]
ò (x )
3
50. What is + sin x dx equal to [2013-I]
b b -a
2 dx
(a) ò y dx (b) òy (a)
(c)
a
0
(b) 2a
(d) 1
a a
1
b x
ò x dy 51. What is ò xe dx equal to [2013-I]
(c) (d) None of the above 0
a (a) 1 (b) – 1
1 (c) 0 (d) e
tan –1
43. What is ò 1+ x 2 dx equal to? [2012-I] p
6
0 sin5 x cos3 x
p p 52. What is ò x4
dx
is equal to ? [2013-I]
p
(a) (b) -
4 8 6

p2 p2 p p
(c) (d) (a) (b)
8 32 2 4
p
1 (c) (d) 0
8
44. What is ò x | x | dx equal to ? [2012-II]
53. What is the area of the region enclosed by y = 2 |x| and
-1
y = 4? [2013-I]
(a) 2 (b) 1
(a) 2 square unit (b) 4 square unit
(c) 0 (d) – 1 (c) 8 square unit (d) 16 square unit
1 54. What is the area of the parabola y2 = x bounded by its latus
tan -1 x
45. What is ò 1+ x2 dx equal to ? [2012-II] rectum? [2013-I]
0 1 1
(a) square unit (b) square unit
p 2
p 2 12 6
(a) (b) 1
8 32 square unit
(c) (d) None of the above
3
p p
(c) (d) 2
4 8 55. What is ò1 l n x d x equal to ? [2013-II]
p/2 (a) ln 2 (b) 1
46. What is ò sin 2x l n ( cot x ) dx equal to ? [2012-II]
æ 4ö æ eö
0 (c)ln çè ÷ø (d) ln çè ÷ø
(a) 0 (b) p ln 2 e 4
56. What is the area bounded by the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x + y +
p ln 2
(c) – p ln 2 (d) 2=0? [2013-II]
2
47. What is the area of the portion of the curve y = sin x, lying 1
(a) square unit (b) 1 square unit
between x = 0, y = 0 and x = 2p ? [2012-II] 2
(a) 1 square unit (b) 2 square units (c) 2 square units (d) 4 square units
(c) 4 square units (d) 8 square units 57. What is the area of the parabola x2 = y bounded by the line
48. What is the area of the region bounded by the lines y = x, y=1? [2013-II]
y = 0 and x = 4 ? [2012-II]
1 2
(a) 4 square units (b) 8 square units (a) square unit (b) square unit
(c) 12 square units (d) 16 square units 3 3
2 4
dx (c) square units (d) 2 square units
49. What ò x2 + 4 equal to ? [2013-I] 3
0 p
58. What is the area bounded by y = tan x , y = 0 and x = ?
p p 4
(a) (b) [2013-II]
2 4
ln 2
p (a) ln 2 square units (b) square units
(c) (d) None of the above 2
8
(c) 2 (ln 2)square units (d) None of these
Definite Integration & Its Application M-365

2 ln x DIRECTIONS (Qs. 67-69): For the next three (03) items that
59. What is ò0 e dx equal to ? [2013-II] follow.
(a) 1 (b) 2 p
xdx
(c) 4 (d) None of these Consider I = ò [2014-II]
1 + sin x
0
1 + cos x 67. What is I equal to ?
60. What is the derivative of ? [2014-I] (a) –p (b) 0
1 - cos x
(c) p (d) 2p
1 2x 1 x p
(a) sec (b) - cosec2 (p - x )dx
2 2 2 2 68. What is ò 1 + sin x
equal to ?
0
x (a) p (b) p/2
(c) - cosec 2 (d) None of these
2 (c) 0 (d) 2p
p
1 tan -1 x dx
e dx 69. What is ò 1 + sin x equal to ?
61. What is ò 1+ x 2
equal to ? [2014-I] 0
0 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) –2
p p
(a) e4-1 (b) e4 +1 DIRECTIONS (Qs. 70-71): For the next two (02) items that
(c) e–1 (d) e follow.
p
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 62-63): For the next two (02) items that Consider the integral I = ò ln(sin x)dx [2014-II]
follow.
0
Consider the integrals
p /2
p
3
p
3
70. What is ò ln (sin x )dx equal to ?
dx sin xdx 0
I1 = ò and I 2 = ò (a) 4I (b) 2 I
[2014-I]
p 1 + tan x p sin x + cos x (c) I (d) I / 2
6 6 p /2
62. What is I1 – I2 equal to ? 71. What is ò ln (cos x)dx equal to ?
(a) 0 (b) 2I1 0
(c) p (d) None of the above (a) I/2 (b) I
(c) 2I (d) 4 I
63. What is I1 equal to ?
p 2
(a) p/24 (b) p/18 dx
(c) p/12 (d) p/6
72. What is ò a cos x + b 2 sin 2 x
2 2
equal to? [2014-II]
0
(a) 2ab (b) 2pab
p
2 p p
(c) (d)
64. What is ò x sin x dx equal to ? [2014-I] 2ab ab
p 73. The area of a triangle, whose vertices are (3, 4), (5, 2) and the
-
2 point of intersection of the lines x = a and y = 5, is 3 square
units. What is the value of a? [2015-I]
(a) 0 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) –2 (d) p (c) 4 (d) 5

p DIRECTIONS (Qs. 74-75): For the next two (2) items that
2 follows.
65. What is ò ln(tan x)dx equal to ? [2014-I]
Consider the line x = 3 y and the circle x2 + y2 = 4.
0
74. What is the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed
(a) ln 2 (b) –ln 2 by the x-axis, the line x = 3 and the circle? [2015-I]
(c) 0 (d) None of these
66. What is the area of the parabola y2 = 4bx bounded by its p 3 p 3
(a) - (b) -
latus rectum ? [2014-II] 3 2 2 2
(a) 2b2/3 square unit (b) 4b2/3 square unit p 1
(c) - (d) None of these
(c) b2 square unit (d) 8b2/3 square unit 3 2
 EBD_7346
M-366 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
75. What is the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed 83. The value of [2015-II]
by the x-axis, the line x = 3 y and the circle? [2015-I] b 7
x + sin x
(a)
p
(b)
p ò cos x
dx where a + b = 0 is
3 6 a

p 3 (a) 2b – a sin (b – a) (b) a + 3bcos (b – a)

(c) - (d) None of these (c) sin a – (b – a) cos b (d) 0
3 2
b
|x|
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 76-77): For the next two (2) items that follow. 84. If 0 < a < b, then ò x
dx is equal to [2015-II]
Consider the curves y = sin x and y = cos x. a
76. What is the area of the region bounded by the above two (a) |b| – |a| (b) |a| – |b|
p |b|
curves and the lines x = 0 and x = ? [2015-I] (c) (d) 0
4 |a |
(a) 2 - 1` (b) 2 +1 2p
5æ xö
(c) 2 (d) 2 85. ò sin çè ÷ø dx is equal to
4
[2015-II]
77. What is the area of the region bounded by the above two 0

p p 8 16
curves and the lines x = and x = ? [2015-I] (a) (b)
4 2 15 15
(a) 2 –1 (b) 2 +1 32
(c) (d) 0
(c) 2 2 (d) 2 15
1
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 78-81): For the next four (4) items that follow.
86. ò x | x | dx is equal to [2015-II]
p sin 2 mx -1
Consider the integral I m = ò dx , where m is a positive
0 sin x
2
integer. (a) 0 (b)
3
78. What is I1 equal to? [2015-I] (c) 2 (d) –2
1 87. The area bounded by the coordinate axes and the curve
(a) 0 (b)
2 x + y = 1, is [2015-II]
(c) 1 (d) 2
1
79. What is I2 + I3 equal to? [2015-I] (a) 1 square unit (b) square unit
2
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 0 1 1
80. What is Im equal to? [2015-I] (c) square unit (d) square unit
3 6
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) m (d) 2m DIRECTIONS (Qs. 88-89) : For the next two (02) items that
81. Consider the following: [2015-I] follow :
1. Im – Im–1 is equal to 0. Consider the integrals
2. I2m > Im p p
sin x dx sin x dx
Which of the above is/are correct? A= ò sin x + cos x and B = ò sin x - cos x
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 0 0
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 88. Which one of the follwing is correct ? [2015-II]
82. The area of the figure formed by the lines ax + by + c = 0, (a) A = 2B (b) B = 2A
ax–by + c = 0, ax + by – c = 0 and ax – by – c = 0 is [2015-II] (c) A = B (d) A = 3B
89. What is the value of B? [2015-II]
c2 2c 2
(a) (b) p p
ab ab (a) (b)
4 2
c2 c2 3p
(c) (d) (c) (d) p
2ab 4ab 4
Definite Integration & Its Application M-367

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 90-91) : For the next two (2) items that p

follow: 2 dq
98. What is ò0 1 + cos q
equal to? [2017-I]
Consider the functions
1
é1ù (a) (b) 1
f (x) = xg(x) and g(x) = ê ú 2
ëxû
Where [×] is the greatest integer function. (c) 3 (d) None of the above
1
99. If ¦ (x) and g (x) are continuous functions satisfying
¦ (x) = ¦ (a – x) and g (x) + g (a – x) = 2, then what is
90. What is ò1
2 g(x) dx equal to? [2016-I]
3 a
1 1 ò0 ¦ ( x ) g ( x ) dx equal to? [2017-I]
(a) (b)
6 3 a a

5 5
(a) ò0 g ( x ) dx (b) ò0 ¦ ( x ) dx
(c) (d)
18 36 a
(c) 2 ò ¦ ( x ) dx (d) 0
1 0
91. What is ò13 f (x) dx equal to ? [2016-I] 100. What is the maximum area of a triangle that can be inscribed
in a circle of radius a? [2017-I]
37 2
(a)
72
(b)
3 3a 2 a2
(a) (b)
4 2
17 37
(c) (d)
72 144 3 3a 2 3a 2
92. What is [2016-I] (c) (d)
4 4
2 2
ò-2 xdx - ò-2 [x]dx e2 ln x
equal to, where [×] is the greatest integer function?
101. What is òe-1 x
dx equal to? [2017-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 4 3 5
(a) (b)
5 5 2 2
93. If ò -2
f (x)dx = 4 and ò {1 + f (x)}dx = 7 , then what is
0 (c) 3 (d) 4
0
ò-2
f (x)dx equal to? [2016-I]
102. What is ò0
x
2p
1 + sin
dx equal to? [2017-II]
(a) –3 (b) 2 2
(c) 3 (d) 5 (a) 8 (b) 4
4p (c) 2 (d) 0
94. What is ò0
| cos x | dx equal to? [2016-I] 103. The area bounded by the curve | x | + | y | = 1 is [2017-II]
(a) 0 (b) 2 (a) 1 square unit (b) 2 2 square units
(c) 4 (d) 8
95. What is the area bounded by the curves y = 1 – x 2? (c) 2 square units (d) 2 3 square units
[2016-II] é1 n ù
4 8 104. Let f (n) = ê + ú , where [x] denote the integral part
(a) square units (b) square units ë 4 1000 û
3 3
1000

(c) 4 square units (d)

16
square units of x. Then the value of å ¦ ( n ) is [2017-II]
3 n =1
p /2 (a) 251 (b) 250
dx
96. If ò = k cot –1 2, then what is the value of K ? (c) 1 (d) 0
3cos x + 5
0 p p

(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2

[2016-II] 105. The value of ò0
4 tan x dx + ò 4 cot x dx is equal to
0
(c) 1 (d) 2 [2017-II]
3 p p
97. What is ò 1 - x 4 dx equal to? [2016-II] (a) (b)
4 2
1
(a) – 232 / 5 (b) – 116 / 5 p p
(c) 116 / 5 (d) 232 / 5 (c) (d)
2 2 2
 EBD_7346
M-368 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
106. What is the area of the region bounded by the parabolas 1
y2 = 6 (x – 1) and y2 = 3x? [2018-I] 1 æ 1 ö
(a) - +lnç ÷ (b)
2 è 2ø 2
6 2 6
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) 2
3 3
b b
4 6 5 6 3 2
(c) (d) 114. If òx dx = 0 and ò x 2 dx = , then what are the values of a
3 3 3
a a
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 107-109) : Consider the following and b respectively? [2018-I]
information for the next three (03) items that follow. (a) –1, 1 (b) 1, 1
Three sides of a trapezium are each equal to 6 cm. Let (c) 0, 0 (d) 2, –2
1
æ pö
ò x (1 - x )
9
a Î ç 0, ÷ be the angle between a pair of adjacent sides. 115. What is dx equal to? [2018-I]
è 2ø 0
107. If the area of the trapezium is the maximum possible, then
what is a equal to? [2018-I] 1 1
(a) (b)
p p 110 132
(a) (b) 1 1
6 4 (c) (d)
p 2p 148 240
(c) (d)
3 5 b b
108. If the area of the trapezium is maximum, what is the length of 116. What is ò [ x ] dx + ò [ - x ] dx equal to, where [.] is the greatest
the fourth side? [2018-I] a a
(a) 8 cm (b) 9 cm integer function? [2018-II]
(c) 10 cm (d) 12 cm
(a) b – a (b) a – b
109. What is the maximum area of the trapezium? [2018-I]
(c) 0 (d) 2(b – a)
(a) 36 3 cm 2 (b) 30 3 cm 2
8
(c) 27 3 cm2 (d) 24 3 cm 2 117. What is ò x - 5dx equal to? [2018-II]
p 2
x
110. What is ò e sin x dx equal to? [2018-I] (a) 2 (b) 3
0 (c) 4 (d) 9
ep + 1 ep - 1 1
(a) (b) ìd æ -1 1ö ü
2 2 118. What is ò íî dx çè tan ÷ ý dx equal to?
xø þ [2018-II]
p -1
e +1
(c) ep + 1 (d)
4 p
(a) 0 (b) -
e 4
111. What is ò x ln x dx equal to? [2018-I] p p
1 (c) - (d)
2 2
e +1 e2 + 1 p /2
(a) (b)
4
2
4 119. ò | sin x - cos x | dx is equal to [2019-I]
e -1 e -1 0
(c) (d)
4 4 (a) 0 (b) 2( 2 - 1)
2
2 (c) 2 2 (d) 2( 2 + 1)
112. What is ò [x ]dx equal to (where [.] is the greatest integer
p /2
0
function)? [2018-I] 120. ò esin x cos x dx is equal to [2019-I]
(a) (b) 1 - 2 0
2 -1
(a) e + 1 (b) e – 1
(c) 2 ( 2 -1 ) (d) 3 -1 (c) e + 2 (d) e
p 121. What is the area of one of the loops between the curve y =
4 c sin x and x -axis ? [2019-I]
(a) c (b) 2c
113. What is the value of ò (sin × tan x)dx ? [2018-I] (c) 3c (d) 4c
-p
4
Definite Integration & Its Application M-369

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 13 (a) 25 (c) 37 (c) 49 (c) 61 (a) 73 (d) 85 (c) 97 (d) 109 (c) 121 (b)
2 (a) 14 (b) 26 (d) 38 (b) 50 (c) 62 (a) 74 (a) 86 (a) 98 (b) 110 (a)
3 (b) 15 (a) 27 (b) 39 (a) 51 (a) 63 (c) 75 (a) 87 (d) 99 (b) 111 (b)
4 (a) 16 (c) 28 (a) 40 (d) 52 (d) 64 (b) 76 (a) 88 (c) 100 (c) 112 (a)
5 (d) 17 (c) 29 (b) 41 (a) 53 (c) 65 (c) 77 (a) 89 (b) 101 (b) 113 (c)
6 (c) 18 (a) 30 (c) 42 (c) 54 (b) 66 (d) 78 (a) 90 (b) 102 (a) 114 (a)
7 (a) 19 (a) 31 (a) 43 (d) 55 (c) 67 (c) 79 (d) 91 (a) 103 (c) 115 (a)
8 (b) 20 (b) 32 (a) 44 (c) 56 (c) 68 (a) 80 (a) 92 (c) 104 (a) 116 (b)
9 (d) 21 (a) 33 (c) 45 (b) 57 (c) 69 (b) 81 (a) 93 (b) 105 (d) 117 (d)
10 (a) 22 (a) 34 (b) 46 (a) 58 (b) 70 (d) 82 (b) 94 (d) 106 (c) 118 (c)
11 (d) 23 (b) 35 (c) 47 (b) 59 (b) 71 (a) 83 (d) 95 (b) 107 (c) 119 (b)
12 (a) 24 (c) 36 (c) 48 (b) 60 (b) 72 (c) 84 (a) 96 (b) 108 (d) 120 (b)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

æ px ö p
1. (c) Given function f (x) = A sin ç ÷ + B
è 2 ø So, ò sin mx.sin nx dx
Differentiating w. r. t. x 0

px p
f ' (x) = A cos æç ö÷ .
p/2

è 2 ø 2
=2 ò0 sin mx.sin nx dx

æ1ö æ pö p 1 p p/2 1
f ' ç ÷ = 2 = A ç cos ÷ = A.
è2ø è 4ø 2
.
2 2
=2 ò0 2
[cos(mx - nx) - cos(mx + nx)]dx

( 2 ´ 2) ´ 2 4 p/2
Þ A=
p
=
p
= ò0 [cos(m - n)x - cos(m + n)x]dx

1 2A p/ 2
Now,
ò 0 f (x) dx = p
= éê
sin(m - n)x sin(m + n)x ù
ë m-n
-
m + n úû 0
=0

1ì æ px ö ü 2´4 3. (b) | x | for x ³ 0

Þ ò 0 íîA sin çè 2 ÷ø + Bþý dx = p 2 = x and | x – 1 | for x £ 1
= – (x – 1),
1
é px 2 ù 8
Þ êë - A cos 2 . p + Bx úû = 2
1
0 p so, ò 0 (| x | + | x- | 1|) = required area
4 2 p 4 2 8 1 1
Þ - . cos + B + . cos 0 =
p p 2 p p p2 a= ò0 x dx - ò 0 (x - 1) dx
8 8
Þ B+ = Þ B=0 é x2 ù é x2 ù
1 1
2
p p2 = ê ú - ê - x ú = 1 - æ 1 - 1ö = 1 sq units
êë 2 úû0 êë 2 úû 0 ç ÷
2. (a) The given integral 2 è2 ø
p
e e
ò sin mx.sin nx dx 4. (a) Assertion (A) : ò ln 2 x × dx = ò ln 2 x × 1 dx
0 1 1
p 2
ò ln x ×1dx = x × ln2(x) – ò 2 × ln x × dx
= ò 0 sin m (p - x).sin n(p - x) dx = x × ln2 x – 2x × lnx + 2x
p e

ò
e
= sin mx.sin nx dx \ ò ln 2 x × dx = [x × ln2x – 2x lnx + 2x]1
0 1
 EBD_7346
M-370 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
2 2
= (e × ln e – 2e × lne + 2e) – (ln 1 – 2ln 1 + 2)
2t 3
= e – 2e + 2e – 0 + 0 – 2 (Q ln e = 1 and ln 1 = 0) So, =
= e–2 t +1 2
So, A is true. or, 4t = 3t + 3 Þ t = 3
e So, ex – 1 = 3, ex = 4 Þ x = ln 4
Reason (R) : In = ò ln n x × dx 9
1 7. (a) Value of the integral ò f (x)dx
2
\ ò ln n x × dx = x × lnn x – n ò ln n-1 x × dx
9 2
= x × lnn x – n × In – 1
e
= ò f (x)dx - ò f (x) dx ...(i)
e
-3 -3
n
So, ò ln x × dx = [x × ln x – n × n
In – 1]1
9 2
1 -5 7
n n
= e × ln e – ln 1 – n × In – 1 Given, ò and ò f (x)dx =
f (x) dx =
6 3
= e – n × In – 1 (Q ln e = 1 and ln 1 = 0) -3 -3
So, R is true and R is correct explanation of A. Putting these values in equation (i)
1 9 -5 7 19
5. (d) Given integral is I = ò0 (x - 1) e - x dx ò2 f ( x)dx = - =-
6 3 6
Integrating by parts taking (x –1) as first function p p/2
1
8. (b) ò 0 sin7 x dx = 2ò 0 sin 7 x dx
ò 01.(-e
-x
We get, I = [(x –1) {–e–x}] 10 – ) dx
sin x is an odd function and for an odd function
a a/2
1 1
= – (1– 1) + (-1) e0 + [- e- x ]10 = -1 - + 1 = -
e e
1
e
ò 0 f (x) dx = 2ò 0 f (x) dx

x p p/2
6. (c) Let I = òln2 (e x - 1) -1 dx Hence, ò0 sin 7 x dx = 2 ò0 sin 7 x dx is true.

x
So, A and R both are individually true but R is not the
1
= ò l n2 ex - 1 dx 9.
correct explanation of A.
(d) Given equation of curve 2x2 + y2 = 1 is an ellipse which
Put ex –1 = t Þ ex = t + 1
x2 y2
can be written as + =1
dt y2 1
ex dx = dt Þ dx =
ex
x2 y2
dt Area of ellipse + = 1 is A = p ab sq unit
or, dx = a2 b2
t +1
when x = l n2 , t = eln 2 – 1 = 2 – 1 = 1 Here, a =
1
, b = 1.
t 2
1
and I = ò
1 t(t + 1)
dt
1 p
\ Required area = p. .1 = sq unit
breaking into partial fractions. 2 2
1 1 1 10. (a) Let the given integral be,
= - 1
t ( t + 1) t t + 1
ò0 x(1 - x) dx
9
I=
tæ1 1 ö t
ò1 çè t - t + 1÷ø dt = éëloge - loge (t + 1) ùû1
t Put 1 – x = t Þ dx = – dt and x = 1 – t
and I =
when x = 0, t = 1 and when x = 1, t = 0
0
ò1 (1 - t) t
t 9
é t ù t 1 Þ I= ( -dt)
or I = êlog e
t + 1 ú = log e t + 1 - log e 2
ë û1
0 0
ò1 (- t10 + t 9 )dt = - ò1 (-t
10
2t 3 =- + t 9 )dt
= log e = log e
t +1 2 1
é - t11 t10 ù -1 1 -10 + 11 1
é x 3ù ê + ú = +
êSince,
ë
ò l n2 (e x - 1)-1dx = loge 2 úû ëê 11 10 ûú0 11 10
=
110
=
110
Definite Integration & Its Application M-371

11. (d) Let f (x) = x | x |

1 é 24 ù 1
f (–x) = – x | – x | = – x | x | = – f (x) = ê – 30ú = [12 – 30]
Þ x | x | is an odd function 5ë 3 û 5
1 –18 18
= =
Hence, ò-1 x | x | dx = 0 1
5 5
sq. unit (neglecting -ve sign)

2
p/2
(a) Let I = ò xe x × dx
12. (a) Let, I = ò0 8
cos x dx 15.
0
Given integral can be also be written as : 2
Let x = t
p/2 Þ 2x dx = dt
I= ò0 sin °x cos8 x dx, which is known as Gamma
Þ xdx =
dt
function. 2
p/2
when x = 0, t = 0 then x = 1, t = 1
Solution is : ò0 sin m x cos n x dx 1 t
1
1
e dt = ée t ù
1
ÞI=
2 ò 2 ë û 0
[(m - 1)(m - 3)....2 or1][(n - 1)(n - 3)....2 or1] 0
= ×q
[(m + n)(m + n - 2)....2or1] 1 é x 2 ù1 1 e –1
= ê e ú = [e – e0 ] =
If m and n both are even then RHS should be multiplied 2ë û0 2 2
p 16. (c) Given 4x2 + 9y2 = 1
by here, m = 0 , n = 8
2 x2 y2
Þ + =1
(8 - 1)(8 - 3)(8 - 5)...(8 - 7) p 2 2
Þ I= æ1ö æ1ö
8.(8 - 2)(8 - 4)(8 - 6) 2 ç ÷ ç ÷
è2ø è3ø
7.5.3.1 p 35p
= = 1 1
8.6.4.2 2 256 \ a= and b =
2 3
13. (a) Let the given integer be
y
b log x
I= òa x
dx 1
(0, )
3
dx
Put log x = t and = dt when x = a , t = log a and if
x –1 1
x = b , t = log b. ( ,0 ) ( , 0)
2 2
b x¢ x
log b é t2 ù (0, 0)
\ I= òlog a t dt = ê ú
ëê 2 ûúa
1 1
= [(log b)2 - (log a)2 ] (0, – )
2 3
1 y¢
= [(log b + log a)(log b - log a)] 1/ 2
2
1 æ bö
Now, area of ellipse = 4 ò ydx
= log (ab) log ç ÷ 0
2 èaø
1/2 1/ 2
14. (b) The given equation of line can be rewritten as 1 - 4 x2 4
1 - (2 x) 2 dx
= 4ò
9
dx =
3 ò
x y 3x –15 0 0
– = 1 and y =
5 3 5 1
2 1 2 é1 2 1 -1 ù
3 = ò 1 - t 2 dt = ê t 1 - t + sin (t ) ú
\ Required area = ò ydx 3 0 3 ë2 2 û0
1
3 3 2 é 1 -1 1 ù
= òç
æ 3x –15 ö 1 0 + sin (1) - sin -1(0) ú
÷ dx = ò (3x –15)dx = ê
3ë 2 2 û
1
è 5 ø 5
1
2 é1 p 1 ù p
3 = ´ - ´0 =
1 é 3x 2 ù 1 é 27 3 ù 3 êë 2 2 2 úû 6
= ê – 15x ú = ê – 45 – + 15 ú
5 êë 2 úû1 5 ë 2 2 û
 EBD_7346
M-372 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

2 0 1 n
\ I = - ò (1 - t )t n dt = ò0 ( t - t n +1 ) dt
17. (c) ò (ax3 + bx + c)dx 1
–2 1
é t n +1 t n + 2 ù
é ax 4 bx 2 cx ù
2
= ên +1 - n + 2ú
êë úû 0
=ê 4 + 2 + 1ú
êë úû -2
1 1 1
= - =
é a (16) b(4) ù é a(16) b(4) ù n + 1 n + 2 (n + 1)(n + 2)
=ê + + 2c ú - ê + - 2c ú = 4c
ë 4 2 û ë 4 2 û p
So, the value of given integral depends on the value of 21. (a) Given x = p / k , x =
3k
c only
18. (a) Given equation, and y = sin k x
Let the required area be A
p 2
+ 4 x - 5) dx = p 3 - 2 So, A = 3 (Given)
ò 0 (3 x
pk
é 3 x3 4 x 2 ù 3
p Therefore Area, A = ò sin kx dx
Þ ê 3 + 2 - 5x ú = p - 2 p 3k
ëê ûú 0
p/k
Þ p3 + 2p2 – 5p = p3 – 2 é cos kx ù
Þ 3=–ê
Þ 2p2 – 5p + 2 = 0 ë k úû p / 3k
Þ 2p2 – 4p – p + 2 = 0
Þ 2p (p – 2) – 1 (p – 2) = 0 Þ 3 = – 1 écos p – cos p ù
k êë 3 úû
Þ (p – 2) (2p – 1) = 0
Þ 3 = – é –1 – ù
Þ p – 2 = 0, 2p – 1 = 0 1 1
këê 2 úû
1
Hence the values of p are and 2. (Q cos p = cos (p/2 + p/2)
2
p/2
1
= – sin p/2 and cos 60º = )
19. (a) Let I = ò log (tan x) dx ...(i) 2
0
3 1
p/2 ì æp öü Þ 3= Þk =
and I = ò0 log í tan ç - x÷ ý dx 2k 2
î è2 øþ 22. (a) Given, f (x) = a + bx + cx2
[By the property of definite integral which says 1 1
ò 0 f ( x)dx = ò 0 (a + bx + cx
2
\ )dx
a a
ò f ( x)dx = ò f (a - x)dx ] é
1
0 0 bx2 cx3 ù
= ê ax + + ú
p/2 ëê 2 3 úû
0
Þ I= ò0 log (cot x ) dx ...(ii)
b c
By adding equation (i) and (ii), we get =a+ + ..(i)
2 3
p/2 p/2
2I = ò0 log (tan x) dx + ò
0
log (cot x) dx æ1ö b c
Here, f (0) = a, f ç ÷ = a + +
p
è2ø 2 4
and f(1) = a + b + c
Þ 2I = ò0
2 log (tan x cot x )dx
æ 1ö
[Q log m + log n = log(mn)] f (0) + 4 f ç ÷ + f (1)
è 2ø
Now,
p p 6
1
= ò 0
2 log(tan x.
tan x
) dx = ò 2 log1 dx = 0
0 æ b cö
a + 4ç a + + ÷ + a + b + c
Þ I=0 è 2 4ø
=
n 1 6
20. (b) Let I = ò x(1 - x ) dx
0
æ 4 a + 2b + c ö
Put 1 – x = t Þ dx = – dt a + 4ç ÷+a+b+c
è 4 ø
when x = 0 then t = 1 =
when x = 1 then t = 0 6
Definite Integration & Its Application M-373

a + 4a + 2b + c + a + b + c 6a + 3b + 2c 26. (d) We know

= =
6 6 ì 0 if f ( x ) is odd.
a
b c ï
=a+ + ò f ( x )dx = í a
2 3 –a ï 2ò f ( x )dx if f ( x)is even
\ From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get î 0
Since, tan3 x is an odd function
æ 1ö
f (0) + 4 f ç ÷ + f (1)
è 2ø p/4
ò– p/4 tan
1 3
\
ò 0 f ( x)dx = 6
x dx = 0

23. (b) Given curve is y = 4x – x2 – 3 p/4 dx

Since, area bounded by x-axis 27. (b) Let I = òp / 6 sin x cos x
\ y=0
Þ 4x – x2 – 3 = 0 Þ x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 multiply and divide by 2
Þ x2 – 3x – x + 3 = 0 Þ (x – 3) (x – 1) = 0 p/4 dx p / 4 dx
Þ x = 1, 3 = 2òp / 6 = 2 òp / 6
2sin x cos x sin 2 x
3
\ Required area = ò 1 (4 x – x – 3) dx
2
p/4 1
= 2 òp cos ec 2 x dx = 2 [ log tan x ]p / 4 .
3 /6 p/6 2
4 x 2 x3 æ 36 27 ö æ4 1 ö
= – – 3x =ç – – 9 ÷ – ç – – 3÷ = [log tan p/4 – log tan p/6]
2 3 è 2 3 ø è2 3 ø
1 1 1
= log 1– log = 0 - log
æ 10 ö æ –4 ö 4 3 3
= (18 – 9 – 9) – ç 2 – ÷ = 0 – ç ÷ = sq. unit.
è 3ø è 3 ø 3
= log 3 (Q log 1 = 0)
3
p/2 sin x
24. (c) Let I = ò0 dx ...(i) i 2 xæ1 1 ö
sin 3 x + cos3 x 28. (a) Let I = ò1 e ç - 2
è x x
÷ dx
ø
p/2 sin 3 ( p / 2 - x )
= ò
0 sin 3 ( p / 2 - x ) + cos3 ( p / 2 - x )
dx 2
1
òe
x
= ( f ( x ) + f ¢ ( x )) dx where f ( x) =
x
a a 1
By using the property ò f ( x ) dx = ò f ( a - x ) dx
0 0
2
æQ sin ( p 2 - q) = cos q and ö
3 = e x f ( x)
p/2cos x 1
Þ Iò dx ç ÷÷
0 sin 3 x + cos 3 x çè cos ( p 2 - q ) = sin q ø 2
ex e2 æe ö
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get \ I= = - e = e ç - 1÷
x 2 è2 ø
1
p/2 sin 3 x dx p/2 cos3 x dx
2I = ò +ò 29. (b) Given curve is f (x) = xex , x = 0 and x = 1.
0 sin3 x + cos3 x 0 sin 3 x + cos3 x
1
p / 2 sin 3 x + cos3 x dx 1 x
=ò 3 3
So, Required Area = ò f ( x) dx = ò0 xe dx
0 sin x + cos x 0

p/2 p p Let x be the first function and ex be the second function

1 dx Þ 2 I = [ x ]0
p/2
2I = ò Þ I= = then by parts
0 2 4
25. (c) Equation of given curve is y2 = 12x 1 1
= é xe x - ò e x dx ù = é xe x - e x ù
At y = 6, 36 = 12x Þ x = 3 ë û0 ë û0
3 = (e - e) - (0 - 1) = 1 sq unit
\ Required area = ò
0
( y1 – y2 ) dx where y1 represents
30. (c) Given, equations of curves are
line and y2 represents the curve.
y = x2 ...(i)
3
é 2 x3 / 2 ù and y = 16 ...(ii)
( )
6 - 12x dx = [ 6 x ]0 - 12 ê
3 3
=ò ú On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
0
ë 3 û0
x2 = 16 Þ x = 4, – 4
12 ´ 2 ´ 27 \ Points of intersection are (4, 16), and (– 4, 16).
= [ 6 ´ 3] - = 18 – 12 = 6 sq unit
3
 EBD_7346
M-374 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Y p/4

y=x
2 34. (b) Let I n = ò tan n x dx
0
y=16 Consider,
p/4 p/ 4
I n + I n- 2 = ò tan n x dx + ò tan n - 2 x dx
X¢ X 0 0
–4 4
p/4

Y¢
= ò tan n - 2 x (tan 2 x + 1) dx
0
4 4
Required area = ò-4 (16 - x 2 )dx = 2 ò (16 - x 2 )dx p/4
0

é x é
3ù
4
64 ù 2
= ò sec 2 x tan n - 2 x dx
= 2 ê16 x - ú = 2 ê 64 - ú = 2× 64× 0
êë 3 úû ë 3û 3 Put tan x = t
0
256 sec2 x dx = dt
= sq unit
3 p
when x = 0 then t = 0 and when x = ,t=1
2 æ x2 ö 4
31. (a) Required area = ò-2 çè1 - 4ø
÷ dx 1

æ x2 ö
\ In + In–2 = t n - 2 dt ò
Since, ç1 - 4 ÷ is an even function therefore 0
è ø
n - 2 +1 1 1
2 æ 2æ t t n -1 1 1
x2 ö x2 ö = = = [1 - 0] =
ò çè1 - 4 ÷ø dx = 2ò çè 1 - 4 ÷ø dx n - 2 +1
0
n -1
0
n -1 n -1
-2 0
p p/2
2 dx dx
= 2
é
ê x -
x3 ù
ú = 2
é
ê 2 -
23 ù
ú
35. (c) I = ò 1 + 2sin 2 x = 2 ò 1 + 2sin 2 x
12 ú 12 ú 0 0
ëê û0 êë û
p/2 p/2
æ 2ö 8 sec2 x dx sec2 x dx
= 2 çè 2 - ÷ø = sq unit
3 3
= 2 ò sec 2 x + 2 tan 2 x
=2 ò 1 + 3 tan 2 x
0 0
1
0 1 Put tan x = t Þ sec2 x dx = dt
32. (a) Let I = ò -1 0 ò
x dx = - xdx + x dx ò When x = 0, t = 0
-1 p
ì x if x ³ 0ü When x = ,t=¥
Since, x = í ý 2
î - x if x < 0þ
¥ ¥
therefore |x| = –x when x lies, between –1 and 0. 2dt dt
and |x| = x when x lies between 0 and 1. \ I= 2 ò
1 + 3t 2
=
3 ò æ 1 ö
2
0 1 0 0 t2 +ç ÷
é x2 ù é x2 ù
é 1ù é1ù è 3ø
= - ê ú + ê ú = - ê- ú + ê ú = 1
êë 2 úû ê 2 úû ë 2û ë2û
-1 ë 0 2 é t ù
¥
33. (c) Given equations of curves are y = ex and y = e–x. = ´ 3 ê tan -1 ú
3 ë 1/ 3 û0
1
Þ ex = x Þ e2x = e0 Þ x = 0
e 2 é -1 ¥
Also, equation of straight line gives x = 1 = tan 3tù
3 ë û 0
1
\ Required area = ò (e x - e- x ) dx =
2 é -1
3 ë
tan ¥ - tan -1 0 ù
û
0
1
= éë e + e - x ùû = e + e–1 – (e0 + e–0)
x
2 p p
0 = ´ =
3 2 3
æ 1 ö
= ç e + - 2÷ sq unit
è e ø
Definite Integration & Its Application M-375

36. (c) Since f (x) is an even function therefore

é cos t × sin t 1 ù é cos t × sin t t ù
p p/2 = 2ê + ò 1 × dt ú = 2 ê + ú
ë 2 2 û ë 2 2û
ò f ( x) dx = 2 ò f ( x) dx = cos t sin t + t
0 0
æ -1 x ö æ -1 x ö x
p p/2 = cos ç sin ÷ × sin ç sin ÷ + sin–1
è 2ø è 2ø 2
Hence, ò f (cos x) dx = 2 ò f (cos x) dx
0 0 x2 x x
= 1- × + sin -1
p 2 2 2
37. (c) Required Area = ò0 6 cos 3x dx x x
= 2 - x 2 + sin -1

=
p
sin 3 x 6 sin 3 6
=
p
- sin 0
( ) 2 2

3 0 3 2 2
éx x ù
\ 4× ò 2 - x 2 × dx = 4 ê 2 - x 2 + sin -1 ú
1 1 1 0 ë2 2 û0
= sin p - 0 = (1) = sq. unit.
3 2 3 3
é -1 2 0 ù
38. (b) Given equation of circle is x2 + y2 = 2 = 4 ê 0 + sin - 0 - sin -1 ú
ë 2 2û
Þ y = 2 - x2
æp ö
= 4[sin–1 1 – sin–1 0] = 4 ç - 0 ÷ = 2p sq. units.
è2 ø
Y

{ }
2
2
x + y2 = 2
39. (a) Let ò K 2 + ( 4 - 4 K ) x + 4 x3 dx £ 12
1

2
2
Þ K x+
( 4 - 4 K ) x 2 4 x4
+ £ 12
2 4
X' X 1
(– 2,0) (0, 0) ( 2,0) Þ [2K + (2 – 2K) (4) + 16] – [K2 + (2 – 2K) + 1] £ 12
2

Þ (2K2 + 8 – 8K + 16) – (K2 – 2K + 3) £ 12

Þ K2 – 6K + 21 £ 12
Þ K2 – 6K + 9 £ 0 Þ (K – 3)2 £ 0
ÞK=3
Y'
40. (d) Area bounded by curve x + y = a (x, y ³ 0) and
Required area = 4 × Area of shaded portion coordinate axes is
2 a a
=4ò 2 - x 2 dx ...(i)
0 = ò y dx = ò a + x - 2 a x dx
0 0
2 - x 2 dx
æ x ö
(Q y = a - x Þ y = a+ x-2 a x)
–1
Let x = 2 sin t Þ t = sin ç ÷
è 2ø a
3
2
dx = 2 cos t × dt x 2 ax 2
= ax + 2 - 3
2 - x 2 × dx = 2 - 2sin 2 t × 2 cos t × dt 2
\ ò ò 0

= ò 2 cos2 t × 2 cos t × dt a 2 4 a 2 3a2 4 2

= a2 + – = – a
2 3 2 3
= 2ò cos 2 t × dt
We know, 9a 2 - 8a 2 a2
= = sq. unit
6 6
n -1 cosn -1 x × sin x
n
ò cos x × dx = ò cos n - 2 ( x )dx +
n n
 EBD_7346
M-376 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

p /2 p p
41. (a) Let I = ò sin x dx 4
\ I = ò t dt =
t 2 4
=
p2
-p /2 2 32
0 0
ì p
ïïsin x, 0 < x < 2 p
Consider, sin x = í 2
ï - sin x, - p < x < 0 46. (a) Let I = ò sin 2x ln ( cot x ) dx
ïî 2 0

0 p/ 2 p p
I= ò - sin x dx + ò sin x dx 2 2
-p / 2 0 = ò sin 2x ln ( cos x ) dx - ò sin 2x ln (sin x ) dx
p /2 0 0
0
= - [ - cos x ]-p/2 + ( - cos x )
0 æ cos x ö
çQ cot x = ÷
= ( cos 0 - cos ( -p / 2 ) ) + ( - cos p / 2 - ( - cos 0 ) ) è sin x ø
= (1 – 0) + (– 0 + 1) = 2. p
2
b b é æp öù æp ö
= ò sin ê 2 ç + x ÷ú ln cos ç + x ÷ dx
42. (c) Required Area = ò f ( y ) dy = ò x dy ë è2 øû è2 ø
0
y =a a p
1 2
tan –1 - ò sin 2x ln ( sin x ) dx
43. (d) Let I = ò 1+ x 2 dx
0
0
Put tan–1x = t p p
1 2 2

1 + x2
dx = dt = ò sin ( p + 2x ) ln ( sin x ) dx - ò sin 2x ln (sin x ) dx
0 0
x= 0, Þt = 0
x = 1, Þ t = p/4 p p
2 2
p /4
p /4
t2 p2 = ò sin 2x ln ( sin x ) dx - ò sin 2x ln (sin x ) dx = 0
\ I= ò tdt =
2
=
32 0 0
0 0
2p
1 0 1
x ( -x ) dx + ò x ( x ) dx
47. (b) Required area = ò sin x dx
44. (c) Let I = ò x | x | dx = ò 0
-1 -1 0 2p
= - cos x 0 = – cos 2p – (– cos 0)
æ ì x if x ³ 0ö
çèQ | x | = í - x if x < 0÷ø
= – cos (p + p) + 1 = – [– cos p] + 1
î
æp pö p
0 1 = + cos ç + ÷ + 1 = sin + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 sq. units.
2 2 è2 2ø 2
= - ò x dx + ò x dx 48. (b)
-1 0
0 1 y=x
- x3 x3 æ 1ö 1 C (4, 4)
= 3 + = -ç0 + ÷ + = 0
3 è 3ø 3
-1 0
1
tan -1 x
45. (b) Let I = ò dx
A B
0 1 + x2
(4, 0)
Let, tan–1 x = t
1
dx = dt 1
1 + x2 Area of shaded region = × AB × BC
Also, x = 0 ® t = 0 2
p 1
x=1®t = = × 4 × 4 = 8 sq. units.
4 2
Definite Integration & Its Application M-377

2 2 1
dx dx
49. (c) Let I = ò x 2 + 4 ò x 2 + ( 2 )2
= 4
0 0 54. (b) Required Area = 2 ò x dx
-2 0
1é xù 1
= ê tan -1 ú = é tan -1 (1) - tan -1 (0) ù
2ë 2 û0 2ë û y2 = x
1 ép ù p
= -0 =
2 êë 4 úû 8
a
ò (x )
3 O
50. (c) Let I = + sin x dx 1
-a 4, 0
Let f (x) = x3 + sin x
f (–x) = (–x)3 + sin (– x) = – x3 – sin x
= – (x3 + sin x) = – f (x)
Since f (x) is an odd function
2 1/4 4 é1 ù 1
a = 2. é x 3/2 ù = ê - 0 ú = sq. unit.
3ë û0 3 ë8 û 6
\ ò f ( x ) dx = 0 2
l n x dx = [ x ln x - x ]1
-a 2
55. (c) ò1
1 1
x ù1 = 2 ln2 – 2 – lnl + l
x x x é x
51. (a) Let I = ò xI IIe dx = x e - ò 1. e dx = ë xe - e û 0
0 0 æ 4ö
= ln4 – ln e = ln ç ÷
= (e – e) – [0 – 1] = 1 èeø

sin 5 x cos3 x
52. (d) Let f ( x ) =
x4 56. (c)
A (–2, 0)
sin 5 ( - x ) cos3 ( - x ) (0, 0)
f ( -x ) =
( -x ) 4

- sin 5 x cos3 x
= = – f (x) B (0, –2)
x4
Þ f (x) is an odd function.
p
6 1
sin5 x cos3 x Area of DOAB = ´ 2 ´ 2 = 2 square units
Hence,
ò x4
dx = 0 2
p
-
6
57. (c)
A D
53. (c)

(2, 4) B(–1, 0) O C (1, 0)

(–2, 4)

Area of ABCD = 2 × 1 = 2 sq. units

O 1
1 x3 2 2
Area of AOD = ò x dx = 3 = sq. units
-1 3
4 -1
4
y y2 16
Required Area = 2 ò 2
dy =
2
=
2
= 8 sq. unit.
Required area = 2 -
2 4
= sq. units
y =0 0 3 3
or Area = 2 × 4 = 8 sq. unit.
 EBD_7346
M-378 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
p p
p p
58. (b) Required area = ò0
4 tan x dx = [ x] = 3
p =
6 12 (Q I1 + I2 = 2I)
p 6
ln 2
= ln sec x 4
0 = ln 2 = p
p
2
2 64. (b) ò 2
p ò
x sin x dx = 2 2 x sin x dx
2 lnx 2 x2 -
2
0
59. (b) ò0 e dx = ò0 x dx =
2 =2
{x sin x is an even function}
0
p
1 + cos x
60. (b) Let y =
1 - cos x = 2 [ - x cos x + sin x ] 2
0 =2

x p
2 cos
=
2 cot x
=
65. (c) I= ò0
2 ln (tan x) dx ...(i)
x 2
2 sin p
2 æ æp öö
x
I= ò0
2 ln ç tan ç - x ÷ ÷ dx
è è2 øø
dy 2x 1 1
= - cosec . = - cosec2 2
dx 2 2 2 p

1 e tan
-1
x
= ò0
2 ln cot x dx ...(ii)
61. (a) I= ò0
1 + x2
dx Adding equations (i) and (ii)
–1
Let tan x = t p

1
2I= ò 0
2 ln(tan x.cot x)dx
dx = dt 2I = 0
1 + x2
Lower limit ® t = tan–1 0 = 0 I=0
upper limit ® t = tan–1, = p/4 b
p /4 p/4
66. (d) Given equation y2 = 4bx = 2 ò0 4bx dx
t ée t ù
\ ò e – dt =
ë û0 b
2 éê 2 ùú 8 b éê 2 ù
3 3
0
4 b ´ x = b - 0 ú
ep/4–eº Þ ep/4–1 =
3ê ú 3 ê ú
= (– a cos q, – b sin q) ë û0 ë û
p \ area of parabola bounded by its latus rectum
dx
62. (a) I1 = ò 3
p
1 + tan x 8b2
6 = sq. units
3
p Sol. ( 67–69)
cos x
= ò 3
p
sin x + cos x
dx p x dx
6 Given, I = ò0 1 + sin x
...(i)

æp ö p (p - x)
p cos ç - x ÷ = ò0 dx
è2 ø 1 + sin(p - x)
= ò 3
p
æp ö æp ö
dx
sin ç - x ÷ + cos ç - x ÷ éQ a f (x)dx = a f (a - x)dx ù
êë ò0 ò0
6
è 2 ø è2 ø úû
p p (p - x)
= ò 3
p
sin x
dx = ò0 1 + sin x
dx ...(ii)
cos x + sin x
6 [Q sin (p – x) = sin x]
Hence, I1 = I2 Adding eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
\ I1 – I 2 = 0 p dx
2I = pò ...(iii)
63. (c) Adding I1 and I2 0 1 + sin x
p p p
sin x + cos x dx
I1 + I2 = ò 3 dx ò 3 Þ 2I = 2p ò 2
p p dx 0 1 + sin x
sin x + cos x
6 6
éQ 2a f (x)dx = 2 a f (x)dx,if f (2a - x) = f (x) ù
êë ò0 ò0 úû
Definite Integration & Its Application M-379

Sol. (70 –71)

p
dx
Þ I = pò 2 p
0 æ x ö Consider I = ò0 ln(sin x)dx
ç 2 tan 2 ÷
1+ ç ÷ p
ç 1 + tan 2 x ÷ I= ò0 ln(sin x)dx
è 2ø
p
x 2 = 2ò 2 ln(sin x)dx ...(i)
p sec dx 0
2
Þ I = pò02
2 x x éQ 2a f (x)dx = 2 a f (x)dx,if f (2a - x) = f (x) ù
tan
2
+ 1 + 2 tan
2 êë ò0 ò0 úû
p
æ 2 xö é æp öù
p ç sec ÷ dx = 2ò02 ln êsin ç - x ÷ ú dx
è 2ø ë è 2 øû
Þ I = pò 2
2
0
æ x ö
ç tan + 1÷ æQ a f (x)dx = a f (a - x)dx ö
è 2 ø è ò0 ò0 ø
x p
Let tan +1 = t
2 = 2ò 2 ln(cos x)dx ...(ii)
0
2 x 1
Þ sec . dx = dt 70. (d) From eq. (i),
2 2
p
2 x I = 2ò 2 ln(sin x)dx
Þ sec dx = 2dt 0
2
p p
1
When x = 0, then t = 1 and when x = , then t = 2
2 Þ ò
0
2 ln(sin x)dx =
2
I
2 71. (a) From eq. (ii), we have
2 dt é t -2 +1 ù é1 ù
2
\ I = 2pò1 = 2p ê ú = - 2p ê ú p
t2 êë -2 + 1úû1 ë t û1
I = 2ò 2 ln(cos x)dx
0
é1 ù
= -2p ê - 1ú p
ë2 û 1
Þ ò
0
2 ln(cos x)dx =
2
I
æ 1ö
= -2p çè - ÷ø = p
2 p
dx
67. (c) According to the explanation, I = p 72. (c) Let I = ò0
2
a cos x + b2 sin 2 x
2 2
p (p - x)dx
68. (a) Let I1 = ò0 1 + sin x p
sec2 x dx
p [p - (p - x)]dx
= ò0
2
a 2 + b 2 tan 2 x
= ò0
1 + sin(p - x) [divide numerator and denominator by cos2 x]
éQ a f (x)dx = a ù Put tan x = t
êë ò0 ò0 f (a - x)dx úû Þ sec2 xdx = dt

p x dx p
When x = 0, then t = 0 and when x = , then t = ¥
I1 = ò0 1 + sin x
=p [Q sin (p – x) = sin x] 2
69. (b) From eq. (iii). ¥ dt 1 ¥ dt
p dx \ I = ò0 2 2 2 = ò
2I = pò a +b t b2 0 æ aö
2
2
0 1 + sin x çè ÷ø + t
b
p dx 2
Þ ò0 = I
1 + sin x p ¥
1 1 é -1 æ bt ö ù
p dx 2
= 2 ê tan çè a ÷ø ú
Þò = ´p = 2 (\ I = p ) b aö
æ ë û0
0 1 + sin x p çè ÷ø
b
 EBD_7346
M-380 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

é dx 1 æxö ù 1 1 3
êQ ò 2 = tan -1 ç ÷ + C ú = ´ OB ´ PB = ´ 3 ´ 1 =
ë a +x 2 a a
è ø û 2 2 2
2
1 -1 -1
= [tan (¥ ) - tan (0)] Area of PAB ò ydx
ab 3

1 ép ù p 2
éx
2
- 0ú = 2 2 4 –1 x ù
=
ab êë 2 û 2ab = ò 4 – x dx = êë 2 4 – x + 2 sin 2 úû 3
3
73. (d) Area of DABC = 3 sq. unit
é p 3 3ù
ê2 ´ – [ 4 – 3] – 2sin –1 ú
A
(3, 4) ë 2 2 2 û

3 2p p 3
=p– – = –
2 3 3 2
74. (a)
75. (a) Area enclosed by x-axis, the line x = 3.y , and the
B(5, 2) C (a, 5) circle x2 + y2 = 4 in the first quadrant
3 p 3 p
= + – =
3 4 1 2 3 2 3
1
\ 5 2 1 =3 76. (a)
2
a 5 1 1 y = sin x

3 4 1 0
\ 5 2 1 =6
a 5 1 y = cos x
\ 3(2 – 5) – 4(5 – a) + 1(25 – 2a) = 6 p
– 9 – 20 + 4a + 25 – 2a = 6
2a = 10
Area of shaded region = ò (cos x – sin x ) dx
0
4

a=5 p
\ Option (d) is correct.
= [sin x + cos x ] 4
0
For (74-75)
éæ 1 1 ö ù
x2 + y2 = 4 and x = 3y = êç
è
+ ÷ø – (0 + 1)ú
ë 2 2 û
P ( )
3, 1 = First quadrant
= ( )
2 – 1 sq. units.
Y
77. (a)

=4 p sin 2 mx
ò0
2
dx
2 +y 78. (a) Im =
sin x
x x = 3y P 3, 1
p sin2x p 2 sin x cos x
(2, 0) \ I1 = ò0 sin x
dx = ò
0 sin x
dx
X¢ B X
(0, 0) O A p p
3,0 = 2 ò cos x dx = 2 [sin x ] 0 = 2 [sin p – sin 0 ]
0
= 2(0) = 0

p sin4x p 2 sin 2x cos 2x

79. (d) I2 = ò0 sin x
dx = ò
0 sin x
dx

Y¢ p 2 sin
The point of intersection of the line and the circle in the first x cos x cos 2x
= 2ò dx
0 sin x
quadrant is ( 3,1).
Area of D OPA = Area of D OPB + Area of PAB p 2
(
= 4 ò cos x 1 – 2 sin x dx
0
)
Definite Integration & Its Application M-381

p 2 p ax + by – c = 0
= 4 ò cos x dx – 8 ò cos x sin x dx = 0
0 0 A
Let sin x = t
cos x dx = dt c/b ax – by – c = 0
= 4(sin p – sin 0) – 0 = 0
D –c O B
p sin 6x a c c/a
I3 = ò0 sin x
dx ––
b
C
ax – by + c = 0 ax + by + c = 0
é 3 ù
p 2 3 sin x – 4 sin x û cos 3x
= ò ë dx
0 sin x Total area
= 4 × area DAOB

ò0 2 (3 – 4 sin )
p 2
= x cos 3x dx c2
= 4´
2ab
p p 2
= ò0 6 cos 3x dx – ò0 8 sin x cos 3x dx
2c 2
=
ab
6 sin 3x p 1é p ù
=
3 ò0 –8 × 2 ëê ò0 sin x (sin 4x – sin 2x ) dx ûú 83. (d) a + b = 0 Þ a = – b
b
x 7 + sin x
8é p ù
= 6 – ê ò (sin x sin 4x – sin x × sin 2x ) dx ú I= ò cos x
2ë 0 û -b
Using property
–8 é 1 p ù
=
2 êë 2 ò0 cos 3x – cos 5x – cos x + cos 3x dx úû ì2a
a
ò f ( x ) dx = í ò0
ï f (x)dx ;if f (x) is even
p
é 2 sin 3x sin 5x ù -a ï
= –2 ê – – sin x ú = 0
ë 3 5 û0 î0 ;if f (x) is odd

Hence, I2 + I3 = 0 + 0 = 0 x 7 + sin x
f (x) =
cos x
p sin 2mx
80. (a) Im = ò0 sin x
dx
( - x )7 + sin ( -x ) -x 7 - sin x
f ( -x ) = =
cos ( - x ) cos x
p sin 2m ( p – x )
= ò0 sin ( p – x )
dx
é x 7 + sin x ù
-
= ê cos x ú
p sin (2mp – 2mx ) ëê ûú
= ò0 sin x
dx = – f(x)
So f(x) is odd hence
p – sin 2mx I=0
= ò0 sin x
dx b
x
84. (a) òa x
dx
p sin 2mx
Im = – ò dx
0 sin x when x ³ 0
2Im = 0 Þ Im = 0. b
x
Þ ò dx
81. (a)
I2m > Im is wrong statement ax
Because, Im = Im – 1 = ..... = In
b
Thus,
Im – Im – 1 = 0 is the only correct statement.
Þ ò (1) dx
a
82. (b) Area of triangle
= [ x ]a
b
= |b| – |a|
1 c c c2
DAOB = ´ ´ = when x < 0; as 0 < a < b; x will not lie between a and b so
2 b a 2ab
b
x
ò x dx = 0 for x < 0
a
 EBD_7346
M-382 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
2p 2p 1
5 æ xö æ 2 xö æ 2 xö x é 3ù
85. (c) ò sin çè 4 ÷ø dx = ò çè1 - cos 4 ÷ø çè1 - cos 4 ÷ø sin 4 .dx = [ x]
1 1 é 2 ù1 4 ê 2 ú
+ x - x
0 0 0 2 ë û0 3 ê ú
ë û0
æ xö
Put cos ç ÷ = t 1 4 3 4 1
è 4ø = 1+ - = - = sq unit
2 3 2 3 6
æ x ö dx
Þ - sin ç ÷ . = dt p
è 4ø 4 sin x
88. (c) A= ò sin x + cos x dx
æ xö 0
Þ sin ç ÷ dx = -4dt Using property
è 4ø
p
2p
5 æ xö
sin ( p - x )
Þ ò sin çè 4 ÷ø dx = -4ò (1 - t 2 )(1 - t 2 ) dt A=ò dx
sin ( p - x ) + cos ( p - x )
0 0

= -4ò (1 + t - 2t ) dt 4 2
p
sin x
A=ò dx = B
é t 5 2t 3 ù sin x - cos x
= -4 ê t + - ú 0
ë 5 3 û A=B
2p p
é 5 æ xö 3 æ xö ù
sin x (sin x + cos x)
ê æ x ö cos çè 4 ÷ø 2 cos çè 4 ÷ø ú 89. (b) B = ò sin x - cos x ´ (sin x + cos x) dx
= -4 êcos ç ÷ + - ú 0

ëê è 4 ø 5 3 ûú 0 p
sin 2 x + sin x cos x
é =–ò dx
æ 1 2 ö ù 32 cos 2x
= -4 ê(0 + 0 - 0) - çè 1 + - ÷ø ú = 0
ë 5 3 û 15
p p
-1 2sin 2 x 1 2sin x cos x
1
= 2 ò cos 2x dx - 2 ò cos 2x dx
86. (a) ò x x dx 0 0

-1 p p
-1 1 - cos 2x 1
0 1 = 2 ò cos 2x dx - 2 ò tan 2x dx
= ò x x dx + ò x x dx 0 0

-1 0 p p p
-1 1 1
0 1 = 2 ò sec 2x dx + 2 ò dx - 2 ò tan 2x dx
= ò x ( -x ) dx + ò x.xdx 0 0 0

-1 0 p p
-1 é log sec 2x + tan 2x ù 1 p 1 é log sec 2x ù
0 1 = ê ú + [ x ]0 - ê ú
2 2 2 ë 2 û0 2 2ë 2 û0
= - ò x dx + ò x dx
-1 0 -1 1 1
=
4
[ log(1 + 0) - log(1 + 0) ] + 2 [ p + 0] - 4 [ log(1) - log(1)]
0 1
é x3 ù é x3 ù
= -ê ú + ê ú = 0+p2-0 = p2
ëê 3 ûú -1 ëê 3 ûú 0
é ( -1)3 ù 1 1/ 2
ê ú é 3 3ù
= - ê0 - 3 ú + 3 ëê(1) - ( 0 ) ûú
90. (b) ò1/ 3 g( x) dx
ë û
ì 1 1
1 1 ïï 2, if 3 < x £ 2
= - + =0 g(x) = í
3 3 1
ï 3, if x =
87. (d) Area = ò y dx ïî 3
As g(x) is a gretest integer function so value of g(x) in
1 integral limit will be
ò (1 - )
2
= x dx
1/ 2 1/ 2
0
[Q curve makes the intercept of 1 on both axes] So ò g ( x ) dx = ò 2 dx
1/ 3 1/ 3
1
= ò (1 + x - 2 x ) dx é1 1ù
= 2 [ x ]1/ 3 = 2 ê - ú =
1/ 2 1
0 ë 2 3û 3
Definite Integration & Its Application M-383

1 1/ 2 1 4p p

91. (a) ò f ( x ) dx = ò f ( x ) dx + ò f ( x ) dx ...(1) 94. (d) ò | cos x | dx = 4ò | cos x | dx

1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 2 0 0

f(x) = xg(x) ép / 2 p ù
= 4 ê ò cos x dx - ò cos x dx ú
æ 1ö æ 1ö
g ç ÷ = 3 g ç ÷ = 2 g (1) = 1 ëê 0 p/2 ûú
è 3ø è 2ø
p/2 p
æ 1 1ö = 4 é( sin x )0 - ( sin x )p / 2 ù
The value of g(x) in value ç , ÷ will be 2 and in range ë û
è 2 3ø
æ1 ö é p pù
= 4 êsin - 0 - sin p + sin ú
çè ,1÷ø it will be 1 ë 2 2û
2
form (1) é pù
= 4 ê 2sin ú = 8
1 1/ 2 1 ë 2û
ò f ( x ) dx = ò xg ( x) dx + ò xg ( x) dx.
ì y y>0
1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 2 ï
-y y<0
1/ 2 1 95. (b) Since | y | = í
ï0 y=0
= ò x × 2 dx + ò x ´ 1dx. î
1/ 3 1/ 2 For y > 0 Þ y = 1 – x2
For y < 0 Þ y = x2 – 1
1
1/ 2 é x 2 ù For y = 0 Þ x = ±1
= é x2 ù + ê ú So area under the curve
ë û1/ 3 ê 2 ú
ë û1/ 2 = 4 × Area under the region OABO (symmetry)
é1 1ù 1 é 1ù x2 = 1 – y
= ê - ú + ê1 - ú 1
ë4 9û 2 ë 4û
ò
2
= 4 ´ 1 - x dx B (0, 1)
5 3 37 0 (1, 0)
= + = (–1, 0) O A
36 8 72 é x = 1
x3 ù ùú
1
(0, –1)
2 2 ê
= 4´ x - ú
ê 3 û0 ú
92. (c) ò x dx - ò [ x ] dx ë û x2 = 1 + y
-2 -2
2 æ 1ö 2 8
é x2 ù -1 0 1 2 = 4 ç1 - ÷ = 4 ´ = sq. units
= ê ú - ò [ x ] dx - ò [ x ] dx - ò [ x ] dx - ò [ x] dx è 3ø 3 3
ë 2 û -2 -2 -1 0 1 p/2
dx
1
= [4 - 4] - ( -2) - ( -1) - 0 - (1)
2
96. (b) I= ò 3cos x + 5
0
=2+1–1=2
p/2
dx
ò
5 5
I=
93. (b) ò f ( x) dx = 4 and ò {1 + f ( x )} dx = 7 é 2 xù
-2 0
0
ê1 - tan 2ú+5
3ê
5 5 xú
ê1 + tan 2 ú
ò f ( x) dx = 7 - ò1 dx = 7 – 5 = 2 ...(1) ë 2û
0 0
0 æ 2 xö
p/2 ç1 + tan ÷ dx
ò f ( x) dx = ?
I= ò
è 2ø
-2 x x
0 5
0 3 - 3tan 2 + 5 + 5 tan 2
2 2
ò f ( x ) dx + ò f ( x) dx = 4
x
-2 0 p/ 2 sec 2dx
0 5 I= ò 2
x
ò f ( x) dx = 4 - ò f ( x) dx 0 2 tan 2 + 8
2
-2 0
= 4 – 2 = 2. [Using eqn. (1)]
x
0 p/ 2 sec 2 dx
1
ò
-2
f ( x) dx = 2 I=
2 ò0
x
2
tan 2 + 22
2
 EBD_7346
M-384 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

x \ f(a–x) = f(x) and g(a–x) = 2g(x)

Put tan =y
2 a a
I = ò 2.f ( x ) .dx - ò f ( x ) .g ( x ) .dx
1 x
Þ sec 2 dx = dy 0 0
2 2
1 a
dy I = 2·ò f ( x )·- I
ÞI= ò
0
y 2 + 22 0

1 -1 æ y ö a
ÞI = tan ç ÷ Þ 2I = 2 ò f ( x )dx
2 è2ø
°
1 æ1ö
Þ I = tan -1 ç ÷ - 0 a
2 è2ø \ I = ò f (x) dx
1 1
Also I = tan -1 = k cot -1 (2) 0
2 2 100. (c) For area of triangle to be maximum, it should be
æ equilateral triangle.
-1 æ 1 ö ö
çQ tan ( x ) = cot ç ÷ ÷
-1

è è x øø 1
Area of D OAB = absin q
2
1 æ1ö æ1ö
Þ tan -1 ç ÷ = k tan -1 ç ÷ A
2 è2ø è2ø
1 a
\k =
2
120O 120
3
a a
ò
120
97. (d) I = |1 - x 4 | dx
1 B C
3
æ ì x, x ³ 0 ö 1
ò
I = -(1 - x 4 )dx
1
çQ| x |= í
è
÷
î - x, x < 0 ø
= .a.a.sin q
2
1 2
3
é x5 ù
3 = a .sin120°
ò 2
4
I = ( x - 1)dx Þ I = ê - x ú
ë5 û1
1 3 2
= a
æ3 ö æ1
5 ö 232 5 4
I = ç - 3 ÷ - ç - 1÷ Þ I =
ç 5 ÷ ç5 ÷ 5 Area of triangle OAB, OBC, OAC
è ø è ø = Area of triangle ABC
98. (b)
p /2 p /2 p /2 3 2 3 3 2
dq dq 1 q = 3´ a = a
ò ò ò
2
= = sec .dq 4 4
1 + cos q æ qö 2 2
0 0 2cos 2 ç ÷ 0
è 2ø e2 e0 e2
log x - log x log x
p /2 101. (b) ò x
dx = ò x dx + ò x
dx
1 é tan q / 2 ù e -1 -1 0
= e e
2 êë 1/ 2 úû 0
0 2
-1 é e 1 e
p
= tan - tan 0
= (ë log x ) 2 ùû -1 + éë( log x )2 ùû 0
2 e 2 e
4
=1–0=1
-1 é
( ) ùúû + 12 éêë( log e2 ) ù
2 2
= 0 - log e -1 - 0ú
2 êë
a
I = ò f ( x ) .g ( x ) dx û
99. (b)
0
-1 1
a = ( -1) + ( 2 )2
2 2
I = ò f ( a - x ) .g ( a - x ) .dx
0 1 4 5
= + =
a 2 2 2
I = ò f ( x ) . éë2 - g ( x ) ùû .dx
0
Definite Integration & Its Application M-385

2p é1 n ù
x 104. (a) f (n) = ê +
102. (a) ò 1 + sin
2
× dx ú
ë 4 1000 û
0
1000
é1 1 ù é1 2 ù é 1 1000 ù
x æ xö x x å f ( n ) = êë 4 + 1000 úû + êë 4 + 1000 úû + .... + êë 4 + 1000 úû
sin = sin 2 ç ÷ = 2sin cos n =1
2 è 4ø 4 4
= [0.25 + 0.001] + [0.25 + 0.002] + .... + [0.25 + 1]
2p We get ‘0’ for all values of n from 1 to 750.
x x x x
\ ò sin 2 + cos 2 + 2 sin cos From n = 750, we get all the values as 1.
4 4 4 4
0 So,
2p 1000
2 é1 750 ù é 1 751 ù
= ò
æ x xö
çè sin + cos ÷ø × dx å f ( n ) = 0 + 0 + 0 + .... + êë 4 + 1000 úû + êë 4 + 1000 úû + ....[1.25]
4 4 n =1
0
= 1 + 1 + 1 + .... (251 times)
2p
x x = 251.
= ò sin + cos × dx
4 4 p p
0
4 4
2p
é x xù
= 4 ê - cos + sin ú 105. (d) ò tan x dx + ò cot x × dx
ë 4 4 û0 0 0

é æ 2p ö æ 2p öù p
= 4 ê - ç cos - cos 0÷ + sin ç - sin 0÷ ú 4
ë è 4 ø è 4 øû
=ò ( tan x + cot x dx )
= 4[–(–1) + (1)] = 4 × 2 = 8. 0
103. (c) |x| + |y| = 1
p
ì x, x ³ 0 4æ
sin x cos x ö
We know, x = í - x, x < 0 = òç + ÷ dx
î ç cos x sin x ÷
0è ø
\ |x| + |y| = 1 is
ì x + y = 1 for x > 0, y > 0 p
ï - x + y = 1 for x < 0, y > 0 4
sin x + cos x
ï =ò × dx
í sin x × cos x
ï x - y = 1 for x > 0, y < 0 0
ïî - x - y = 1 for x < 0, y < 0
p
If we plot graphs of these equations, we get
Y = 2ò
4
( sin x + cos x ) × dx

D (0, 1)
æ
è
2
( 2 ö
0 ç 1 - sin x + cos x - 2sin x cos x ÷
ø )
y =1 x+
y= p
– x+ 1 4
(sin x + cos x )
= 2ò × dx
X' X
C O A 0 1 - (sin x - cos x) 2
(–1, 0) 1 (1, 0) Put sin x – cos x = t Þ (cos x + sin x) dx = dt
1

=
=

y
x–
y

p
–
–x

B When x = 0, t = –1 and x = , t = 0.
(0, –1) 4
Y' 0
1
( )
0
The curve is symmetrical about x any y-axis. = 2ò × dt = 2 sin -1 t
\ Area = 4 × Area of AOD -1 1 - t2 -1

1 1 1
é x2 ù = 2 ésin -1 ( 0 ) - sin -1 ( -1) ù
= 4 ´ ò ydx = 4 ´ ò (1 - x ) dx = 4 ê x - ú ë û
ëê 2 ûú
0 0 0
é æ -p ö ù
é 12 æ öù = 2 ê0 - ç ÷ú
02 ë è 2 øû
= 4 ê1 - - ç 0 - ÷ú
êë 2 çè 2 ÷ú
øû p
= .
æ 1ö 1 2
= 4 ç1 - ÷ = 4 ´ = 2
è 2ø 2
 EBD_7346
M-386 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
106. (c) Given parabolas are y2 = 6(x – 1) ....(1)
and y2 = 3x ....(2) A = ( 6 + x ) 36 - x 2 .
Given, Area of trapezium is maximum.
dA d é
= ( 6 + x ) . 36 - x 2 ùú
dx dx êë û
æ -2x ö
= ( 6 + x) .ç ÷ + 36 - x
2
è 2 36 - x 2 ø

x (6 + x)
= 36 - x 2 -
36 - x 2

36 - x 2 - 6x - x 2 36 - 6x - 2x 2
= =
y2 = 6(x – 1) 36 - x 2 36 - 2x 2
Þ 6x – 6 = y2 dA
2 2
= 0 Þ 36 - 6x - 2x 2 = 0
y +6 y dx
Þx= = +1 Þ 2x2 + 6x – 36 = 0
6 6
Þ x2 + 3x – 18 = 0
y2 Þ x2 + 6x – 3x – 18 = 0
Also, y2 = 3x Þ x = . Þ x(x + 6) –3 (x + 6) = 0
3
(x + 6) (x – 3) = 0
Solving (1), (2), 3x = 6(x – 1) Þ x = –6 or 3. Since x cannot be negative. So, x = 3.
Þ 3x = 6x – 6
Þ 3x = 6 Þ x = 2. x 3 1 p
\ In DADE, cos a = = = Þa= .
6 6 2 3
y2 = 6 Þ y = ± 6 .
108. (d) Fourth side, DC = x + 6 + x
\ Area = =3+ 6+3
6 = 12.
6 æ y2 6æ
y2 ö y2 ö é y3 ù
ò ç + 1 - ÷ .dy = 2 ò ç1 - ÷ dy = 2 ê y - ú 109. (c) Area = ( 6 + x ) 36 - x 2
- 6
è 6 3ø è 6ø
0 êë 18 úû
0
= ( 6 + 3) 36 - 32
é
( )
3ù
ê 6 ú 2 6 4 6 = 9 36 - 9
= 2ê 6 - = 2´ = .
18 ú 3 3 = 9 27
êë úû
= 9 9´3
107. (c) Length of three sides of trapezium = 6 cm
Let AE be height of trapezium. = 27 3 .
p
A 6 cm B x
110. (a) òe sin x.dx = I
0
p
6 cm
( )
6 cm p
I = sin x.e x - ò cos x.e x .dx
0
0
a
x x ïì p p ïü
D E
In DADE, AD2 = AE2 + DE2
6 cm C
( )
I = sin p.ep - sin 0.e 0 - í écos x.e x ù - ò sin x.e x .dx ý
ïî
ë û0
ïþ
0
Þ 62 = AE2 + x2
Þ AE2 = 36 – x2 {(
I = 0 - cos p.e p - cos 0.e 0 - I ) }
2
Þ AE = 36 - x I = – [–ep – 1] – I
1
h (a + b) ep + 1
Area of trapezium = Þ 2I = ep + 1 Þ I = .
2 2
1
= 36 - x 2 ( 6 + 6 + 2x )
2
Definite Integration & Its Application M-387

e e e 1
é x2 ù 1 2
ò x (1 - x )
9
111. (b) ò x.ln x.dx = êêlnx. 2 úú - ò x .x .dx 115. (a) .dx
1 ë û1 1 0

æ e2 ö 1 æ 1ö
( ) e2 1 2
( )
2e2 - e2 + 1
e
= ç - 0÷ - ç ÷ x 2 = - e -1 = 1 æ a a ö
ø 2 è 2ø = ò (1 - x ) (1 - (1 - x ) ) .dx çQ ò f ( x ) .dx = ò f ( a - x ) .dx ÷
9
è 2 1 2 4 4
çè ÷ø
0 0 0
e2 + 1
= . 1
4 = ò (1 - x ) .x 9 .dx
2 0
é x 2 ù dx
112. (a) ò ë û 1
0
(
= ò x 9 - x10 .dx )
0
1 2
= ò é x 2 ù dx + ò é x 2 ù dx 1
ë û ë û æ x10 x11 ö
0 1 =ç - ÷
è 10 11 ø 0
2
=0+ ò 1.dx (Q [ ] is greatest integer function)
=
1 1 11 - 10
- = =
1 .
1
10 11 110 110
( x )1 2 = 2 - 1. b b

116. (b) ò [ x] dx + ò [- x] dx
p a a
113. (c) 4
ò ( sin x - tan x ) dx.
b b

-p
= ò ([ x ] + [- x ]) dx = ò (-1)dx = a - b
a a
4
Let f(x) = sin x – tan x 8
1
f(–x) = sin (–x) – tan (–x) 117. (d) ò x - 5 dx = 2 ´
2
´ 3´ 3 = 9
= –sin x + tan x = –(sin x – tan x) 2
= –f(x).
So, f(x) is an odd function.
a
We know ò f ( x ).dx = 0 , if f(x) is odd function. 3 3
-a
114. (a) x
x=2 x=5 x=8
b
b 2
òx
2
3 .dx =
ò x .dx = 0
1
3 æd 1ö
ò çè dx tan
–1
a 118. (c) ÷ dx
a
b -1
xø
æ x4 ö
b æ x3 ö 2
Þç ÷ =0 ç ÷ = 1
ç 3 ÷ æd ö
ç 4 ÷
è øa è øa 3 = ò çè dx cot
–1
x÷ dx
ø
-1
Þ b4 - a4 = 0 Þ b3 - a 3 = 2
1 1
Since, b = -a. -1
( )( b )=0
1
Þ b -a 2 2 2
+a 2
= ò (1 + x2 ) dx = -2ò dx

Þ b2 - a 2 = 0 ( or ) b2 + a 2 = 0
Þ b - -b 3
( )
3
=2 -1 0 1+ x2

Þ 2b3 = 2 p p
Þ ( b + a )( b - a ) = 0 ( or ) b 2 + a 2 = 0 = -2[tan -1 x]10 = -2 ´ =-
4 2
Þ b3 = 1
Þ b = -a ( or ) a = b ( or ) b + a = 0 2 2
Þ b = 1, a = -1.
 EBD_7346
M-388 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

p /2 p
119. (b) ò | sin x - cos x | dx 2
sin x
1
t
0 \ ò e .cos x dx = ò .e .dt
0 0
p /4 p /2
= ò ( sin x - cos x ) .dx + ò ( sin x - cos x ) .dx t 1
= ( e ) 0 = e1 – e0 = e – 1
0 p /4 121. (b) Area of one of loop between
p /4 p/2 y = c sin x and x-axis
= ò ( cos x - sin x ) × dx + ò ( sin x - cos x ) × dx
0 p/4 y = c sin x
p /4 p /2
= ( sin x + cos x ) 0
+ ( - cos x - sin x ) p /4

= 2 2 - 2 = 2( 2 - 1)
p
2
sin x
120. (b) òe .cos x dx
0
= c + c = 2c
Let sin x = t Þ cosx. dx = dt
 Differential
Equation 19
1. What does the solution of the differential equation 8. What is the solution of the differential equation
xdy – ydx = 0 represent ? dy
(a) Rectangular hyperbola = sec(x + y) ? [2007-I]
dx
(b) Straight line passing through (0, 0)
(c) Parabola with vertex at (0, 0) ì (x + y) ü
(d) Circle with centre at (0, 0) [2006-I] (a) y + tan(x + y) = c (b) y – tan í ý=c
î 2 þ
2. Which one of the following differential equations represents
the system of circles touching y-axis at the origin ? ì (x + y) ü ì (x – y) ü
(c) y + tan í ý = c (d) y + tan í ý=c
dy î 2 þ î 2 þ
dy
(a) = x 2 - y2 (b) 2xy = y2 - x 2
dx dx dy
9. For what value of k, does the differential equation = ky
dx
dy dy
(c) 2xy = x2 - y2 (d) = y 2 - x 2 [2006-I] represent the law of natural decay?
dx dx (a) –5 (b) 0
3. What is the solution of the differential equation (c) 0.01 (d) (10)–1 [2007-I]
10. What is the solution of the differential equation (x + y)
dy y
= ? (dx – dy) = dx + dy ? [2007-I]
dx (x + 2y 3 ) (a) x + y + ln (x + y) = c (b) x – y + ln (x + y) = c
(a) y (1 – xy) = cx (b) y3 – x = cy (c) y – x + ln (x + y) = c (d) y – x – ln (x – y) = c
(c) x (1 – xy) = cy (d) x (1 + xy) = cy [2006-I] 11. What is the degree of the differential equation
4. If y2 = p (x) is a polynomial of degree 3, then what is 3/ 2
d2 y é æ dy ö 3 ù
d é 3 d2 y ù k = ê1 + ç ÷ ú , where k is a constant?
2 êy ú equal to ? dx 2 êë è dx ø úû
dx ëê dx 2 ûú
(a) 1 (b) 2
(a) p'(x) p'''(x) (b) p''(x) p'''(x) (c) 3 (d) 4 [2007-I]
(c) p(x) p'''(x) (d) A constant [2006-I] 12. Under which one of the following conditions does the
5. What is the degree of the equation
dy ax + b
solution of = represent a parabola?
1 dx cy + d
é d2 y ù é æ dy ö ù 4
2
ê 2 ú = êy + ç ÷ ú ? (a) a = 0, c = 0 (b) a = 1, b = 2, c ¹ 0
ëê dx ûú êë è dx ø úû (c) a = 0, c ¹ 0, b ¹ 0 (d) a = 1, c = 1 [2007-I]
13. A radioactive element disintegrates at a rate proportional to
(a) 1 (b) 2
the quantity of substance Q present at any time t. What is
(c) 3 (d) 4 [2006-I]
the differential equation of the disintegration ?
6. What are the order and degree respectively of the
dQ dQ
dy dx (a) = -Q (b) = - kQ, k < 0
differential equation y = x + ? dt dt
dx dy
dQ dQ
(a) 1, 1 (b) 1, 2 (c) = - kQ, k > 0 (d) =Q [2007-II]
dt dt
(c) 2, 1 (d) 2, 2 [2006-II]
14. What is the solution of the differential equation
7. What is the equation of the curve passing through the origin
(x + y ) (dx – dy) = dx + dy ? [2007-II]
and satisfying the differential equation (a) 2 log (x + y) = c (y – x) (b) (y – x) + log (x + y) = c
dy = ( ytanx + secx)dx?
(a) y = x cos x (b) y cos x = x æ y ö é æ y öù
(c) ç ÷ + êlog ç ÷ ú = c (d) None of these
(c) xy = cos x (d) y sin x = x [2007-I] è x ø ë è x øû
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M-390 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
15. What is the only solution of the initial value problem (a) 3, 2 (b) 4, 3
y' = t (1+ y), y (0) = 0 ? (c) 4, 2 (d) 3, 3
t /2 2
t /2 2 23. What is the solution of the differential equation
(a) y = – 1 + e (b) y = 1 + e x dy – y dx = xy2dx? [2008-II]
(c) y = – t (d) y = t [2007-II] (a) yx2 + 2x = 2cy (b) y2x + 2y = 2cx
16. What is the differential equation of the curve y = ax2 + bx ? (c) y2x2 + 2x = 2cy (d) None of these
d2 y dy 24. What does the solution of the differential equation
(a) x2 - 2x + 2y = 0 x dy – y dx = 0 represent? [2008-II]
dx 2 dx
(a) Rectangular hyperbola
2
d2y æ dy ö (b) Straight line passing through the origin
(b) x2 - yç ÷ + 2 = 0
dx 2 è dx ø (c) Parabola whose vertex is at origin
(d) Circle whose centre is at origin
2
d 2 y æ dy ö 25. What is the order of the differential equation ?
(c) (1 - x 2 ) -çy ÷ = 0
dx 2 è dx ø dy 1
(d) None of the above [2007-II] +y= [2008-II]
dx æ dy ö
17. What is the degree of the differential equation ç ÷
è dx ø
3/ 2
é æ dy ö2 ù d2 y (a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
ê1 + ç ÷ ú =k ? [2007-II]
ë è dx ø û dx 2 26. Rate of growth of bacteria is proportional to the number of
bacteria present at that time. If x is the number of bacteria
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) 1 present at any instant t, then which one of the following is
correct? (Take proportional constant equal to 1) [2008-II]
18. If f (x) = x + x + x + ....¥, then what is f ¢(x) equal (a) x = log t (b) x = cet
(c) ex = t (d) x = t
to?
27. What is the solution of the differential equation
1 1 dy
(a) (b)
2f (x) - 1 = ex – y (e y –x – e y ) ? [2009-I]
1 - 2f (x) dx
(a) y = x – e + cx x
(b) y = x + e + c
1 1
(c) (d) [2007-II] (c) y = ex–y – ey + c (d) None of these
1 + 2f (x) 2 + f (x)
28. What are the degree and order respectively of differential
equation of the family of rectangular hyperbolas whose axis
19. What is the solution of the differential equation of symmetry are the coordinate axis? [2009-I]
dy (a) 1, 1 (b) 1, 2
= xy + x + y + 1? [2008-I]
dx (c) 2, 1 (d) 2, 2
29. What does the equation x dy = y dx represent? [2009-II]
x2 x2 (a) A family of circles (b) A family of parabolas
(a) y = +x+c (b) log (y + 1) = +x+c
2 2 (c) A family of hyperbolas (d) A family of straight lines
(c) y = x2 + x + c (d) log (y + 1) = x2 + x + c 30. What is the solution of the differential equation
20. What are the order and degree, respectively of the differential xdy – y dx = xy2dx? [2009-II]
æ 2 ö
5/ 6 1/ 3 (a) y + x–2 = c (b) y2 + 2x–1 = c
equation ç d y ÷ æ dy ö
=ç ÷ ? (c) y + x–1 = c (d) x2 + 2xy–1 = c
è dx 2 ø è dx ø
31. When a and b are eliminated from the equation xy = aex +
(a) 2, 1 (b) 2, 5
be–x, the resulting differential equation is of [2009-II]
5 1
(c) 2, (d) 1, [2008-I] (a) first order and first degree
6 3 (b) first order and second degree
21. What is the solution of the differential equation (c) second order and first degree
– cosec2(x + y) dy = dx? [2008-II] (d) second order and second degree
(a) y – c = sin (x + y) (b) x – c = sin (x + y)
32. What is the solution of the differential equation
(c) y – c = tan (x + y) (d) None of the above
22. What are the order and degree respectively of the differential 3ex tan y dx + (1 + ex) sec2 y dy = 0? [2010-I]
x
(a) (1 + e ) tan y = c x 3
(b) (1 + e ) tan y = c
equation
(c) (1 + ex)2 tan y = c (d) (1 + ex) sec2 y = c
(d4y/dx4)3}2/3 – 7x(d3y/dx3)2 = 8? [2008-II] where c is a constant of integration.
Differential Equation M-391

33. What is the differential equation for y2 = 4a(x – a)? (a) Family of straight lines through the origin
(b) Family of circles with their centres at the origin
(a) yy ¢ – 2 xyy ¢ + y 2 = 0 [2010-I] (c) Family of parabolas with their vertices at the origin
(d) Family of straight lines having slope 1 and not passing
(b) yy ¢( yy ¢ + 2 x) + y 2 = 0 through the origin

(c) yy ¢( yy ¢ – 2 x) + y 2 = 0 dy
41. What does the differential equation y + x = k (where k
dx
(d) yy ¢ – 2 xyy ¢ + y = 0 is a constant) represents? [2010-II]
34. What is the degree of the differential equation (a) A family of circles having centre on the y-axis.
(b) A family of circles having centre on the x-axis.
3
d2 y æ dy ö (c) A family of circles touching the x-axis
– 1+ ç ÷ = 0 ? [2010-I] (d) A family of ellipses.
2 è dx ø
dx
42. What is the differential equation to family of parabolas
(a) 1 (b) 2 having their vertices at the origin and foci on the x-axis?
(c) 3 (d) 6 (a) y = 2 xy ¢ (b) x = 2 yy ¢ [2010-II]
35. The growth of a quantity N(t) at any instant t is given by
(c) xy = y ¢ (d) x = yy ¢
dN (t )
= aN (t ) . Given that N(t) = cekt, c is a constant. What 43. What is the solution of the differential equation
dt
is the value of a? [2010-I] dy 1 - y2
+ = 0? [2011-I]
(a) c (b) k dx 1- x2
(c) c + k (d) c – k
(a) sin–1 y + sin–1x = C (b) sin–1 y – sin–1 x = C
36. What is the solution of the differential equation
(c) 2 sin–1 y + sin–1 x = C (d) 2sin–1 y – sin–1 x = C
æ dy ö dy Where C is a constant.
a ç x + 2 y ÷ = xy ? [2010-I]
è dx ø dx 44. What is the differential equation of all parabolas whose
axes are parallel to Y-axis? [2011-I]
y y
(a) 2 (b) 2 d3y d2x
x = kye a yx = kye a
(a) =0 (b) =C
dx3 dy 2
y2 d3x d3 y
(c) y x 2 2
= kye a
(d) None of the above (c) =1 (d)=C
dy 3 dx3
37. What is the degree of the differential equation [2010-II] (where C is a constant).
45. If the solution of the differential equation [2011-I]
4 2
æ dy ö æ d2 y ö dy ax + 3
ç1 + ÷ = çç 2 ÷÷ ? =
è dx ø è dx ø dx 2 y + f
represents a circle, then what is the value of a?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 4 (d) 8
(c) – 2 (d) – 1
38. What is the general solution of 46. What is the degree of the following differential
(1 + ex) y dy = ex dx ? [2010-II] equation? [2011-I]
(a) y = ln [c (e + 1) ] (b) y = ln [c (e + 1) ]
2 2 x 2 x
2/3
(c) y2 = ln [c (ex + 1)] (d) None of these æ d3y ö d2y dy
ç ÷ + 4– 3 +5 =0
Where ‘c’ is a constant of integration ç dx3 ÷ dx 2 dx
è ø
39. Which one of the following is the differential equation to
family of circles having centre at the origin? [2010-II] (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
(a) ( x2 - y 2 ) dydx = 2xy (b) ( x2 + y 2 ) dydx = 2 xy 47. What does the differential equation y
dy
+x=a
dx
(c)
dy
dx
= x2 + y2 ( )
(d) xdx + ydy = 0 (where a is a constant) represent?
(a) A set of circles having centre on the Y-axis
[2011-I]

40. What does the solution of the differential equation (b) A set of circles having centre on the X-axis
(c) A set of ellipses
dy (d) A pair of straight lines
x = y represent? [2010-II]
dx
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48. What is the degree of the differential equation (a) A set of straight lines (b) A set of ellipses
23 (c) A set of circles (d) None of the above
æ d3y ö æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö
ç ÷ + 4 - 3ç ÷ +5 =0? [2011-II] 2
ç dx3 ÷ ç dx 2 ÷ çè dx ÷ø 57.
æ dy ö æ dy ö
For the differential equation ç ÷ - x ç ÷ + y = 0 ,
è ø è ø
è dx ø è dx ø
(a) 3 (b) 2
which one of the following is not its solution ? [2012-II]
(c) 2 / 3 (d) Not defined
49. What is the equation of the curve passing through the point (a) y = x – 1 (b) 4y = x2
(c) y = x (d) y = – x – 1
æ pö 58. What is the general solution of the differential equation
ç 0, ÷ satisfying the differential equation
è 3ø x2 dy + y2 dx = 0 ? [2012-II]
sin x cos y dx + cos x sin y dy = 0? [2011-II] (a) x + y = c (b) xy = c
(c) c(x + y) = xy (d) None of the above
3 3
(a) cos x cos y = (b) sin x sin y = where c is the constant of integration.
2 2 59. What is the general solution of the differential equation
1 1 ex tan y dx + (1 – ex) sec2y dy = 0 ? [2012-II]
(c) sin x sin y = (d) cos x cos y =
2 2 (a) sin y = c (1 – ex) (b) cos y = c (1 – ex)
50. What is the solution of the differential equation (c) cot y = c (1 – ex) (d) None of the above
dy y where c is the constant of integration
+ =0? [2012-I] 60. What is the degree of the differential equation
dx x
(a) xy = c (b) x = cy æ d4 y ö
3/5
(c) y = cx (d) None of the above d3 y d2 y dy
ç 4÷ -5 +6 -8 +5=0 ? [2013-I]
51. What is the degree of the differential equation ç dx ÷ dx 3
dx 2 dx
è ø
-1 (a) 5 (b) 4
dy æ dy ö
y= x +ç ÷ ? [2012-I] (c) 3 (d) 2
dx è dx ø
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) – 1 (d) Degree does not exist. 61. The general solution of the differential equation
52. Which one of the following differential equations is not dy
linear? [2012-I] x + y = 0 is? [2013-I]
dx
d2 y dy (a) xy = c (b) x = cy
(a) + 4y = 0 (b) x + y = x3 (c) x + y = c (d) x2 + y2 = c
2 dx
dx
62. The general solution of the differential equation
2 dy dy
(c) ( x - y)
=9 (d) cos 2 x + y = tan x æ dy ö
dx dx ln ç ÷ + x = 0 is? [2013-I]
53. What is the degree of the differential equation è dx ø
2 (a) y = e–x + c (b) y = – e–x + c
d3 y æ d2 y ö dy x
(c) y = e + c (d) y = –ex + c
+ 2ç ÷ - +y= 0 ? [2012-II]
dx 3 ç 2÷ dx 63. The differential equation of the curve y = sin x is [2013-I]
è dx ø
(a) 6 (b) 3 d2 y dy d2 y
(c) 2 (d) 1 (a) +y +x =0 (b) +y =0
dx 2 dx dx 2
54. Consider a differential equation of order m and degree n.
Which one of the following pairs is not feasible ? d2 y d2 y
(a) (3, 2) (b) (2, 3/2) [2012-II] (c) -y =0 +x =0 (d)
(c) (2, 4) (d) (2, 2) dx 2 dx 2
55. The differential equation representing the family of curves 64. The degree and order respectively of the differential
y = a sin (lx + a) is : [2012-II]
dy 1
d2 y d2 y equation dx = x + y + 1 are [2013-I]
2 2
(a) +l y= 0 (b) -l y= 0
dx 2 dx 2 (a) 1, 1 (b) 1, 2
(c) 2, 1 (d) 2, 2
d2 y 65. What is the order of the differential equation [2013-II]
(c) + ly = 0 (d) None of the above
dx 2 2
æ dy ö dy 2
dy çè ÷ø + - sin y = 0 ?
56. The differential equation y + x = a where ‘a’ is any dx dx
dx (a) 1 (b) 2
constant represents : [2012-II] (c) 3 (d) Undefined
Differential Equation M-393

66. y = 2cos x + 3sin x satisfies which of the following differential 75. Consider the following statements in respect of the
equations ? [2013-II] differential equation [2014-I]
2
d2y æ dy ö dy d2y
1. +y= 0 2. çè ÷ø + =0 æ dy ö
dx 2 dx dx + cos ç ÷ = 0
dx 2 è dx ø
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 1. The degree of the differential equation is not defined.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. The order of the differential equation is 2.
67. The differential equation of all circles whose centres are at Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
the origin is [2013-II] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
dy y dy x (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) = (b) = 76. What is the degree of the differential equation [2014-II]
dx x dx y
32 2
dy x æ d3y ö æ d2y ö
(c) =- (d) None of the above ç 3÷ =ç ÷ ?
dx y ç dx ÷ ç dx 2 ÷
è ø è ø
dy
68. The solution of = x is : [2014-I] (a) 1 (b) 2
dx
(c) 3 (d) 4
xx x 77. What is the solution of the equation [2014-II]
(a) y= +c (b) y= +c
2 2
æ dy ö
ln ç ÷ + x = 0 ?
x 2
x3 è dx ø
(c) y= +c (d) y= +c
2 2
(a) y + ex = c (b) y - e- x = c
Where c is an arbitary constant
dy (c) y + e- x = c (d) y - ex = c
69. What is the solution of + 2 y = 1 satisfying y(0) = 0 ?
dx 78. Eliminating the arbitrary constants B and C in the expresion
[2014-I] 2
y= (Cx - 1)3 2 + B, we get
-2 x -2 x 3C
1- e 1+ e
(a) y= (b) y=
2 2
é æ dy ö 2 ù d 2 y
(a) x ê1 + ç ÷ ú = 2
1+ ex êë è dx ø úû dx
(c) y = 1+ ex (d) y=
2
70. What is the general solution of the differential equation x 2 2
æ dy ö d y æ dy ö
dy – y dx = y2 ? [2014-I] (b) 2x ç ÷ 2 = 1 + ç ÷
è dx ø dx è dx ø
(a) x = cy (b) y2 = cx
(c) x +xy – cy = 0 (d) None of these 2
æ dy ö d y
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 71 - 73): (For the next three (03) items that (c) çè ÷ø 2 = 1
dx dx
follow) :
The general solution of the differential equation (x2 + x + 1) æ dy ö
2
d2y
dy + (y2 + y + 1) dx = 0 is (x + y + 1) = A(1 + Bx + Cy + Dxy) where (d)çè ÷ø + 1 = 2
dx dx
B, C and D are constants and A is parameter. [2014-I]
71. What is B equal to ? 79. What is the solution of the differential equation [2015-I]
(a) –1 (b) 1 ydx - xdy
= 0?
(c) 2 (d) None of these y2
72. What is C equal to ?
(a) xy = c (b) y = cx
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) x + y = c (d) x – y = c
(c) 2 (d) None of these where c is an arbitrary constant.
73. What is D equal to ? 80. What is the solution of the differential equation [2015-I]
(a) –1 (b) 1
æ dy ö
(c) –2 (d) None of these sin ç ÷ - a = 0?
74. What is the number of arbitrary constants in the particular è dx ø
solution of differential equation of third order ? [2014-I] (a) y = x sin–1 a + c (b) x = y sin–1 a + c
–1
(c) y = x + x sin a + c (d) y = sin–1 a + c
(a) 0 (b) 1
where c is an arbitrary constant.
(c) 2 (d) 3
 EBD_7346
M-394 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
81. What is the solution of the differential equation (a) 2 f (1) (b) 0
dx x (c) 2 f (–1) (d) 4 f (1)
+ - y 2 = 0? [2015-I] 89. What are the degree and order respectively of the differential
dy y
(a) xy = x4 + c (b) xy = y4 + c 1– x 2 +x 1– y 2
4 equation satisfying e y = ce x ,
(c) 4xy = y + c (d) 3xy = y3 + c
where c is an arbitrary constant.
82. Consider the following statements: [2015-I]
( where c > 0, x < 1, y < 1 ? ) [2016-II]
(a) 1, 1 (b) 1, 2
dy (c) 2, 1 (d) 2, 2
1. The general solution of = f ( x ) + x is of the form y
dx
90. If x dy = ydx + y 2 dy, y > 0and y(1) = 1, then what is
= g (x) + c, where c is an arbitrary constant.
y (–3) equal to? [2016-II]
2
æ dy ö (a) 3 only (b) –1 only
2.The degree of ç ÷ = f (x ) is 2. (c) Both –1 and 3 (d) Neither –1 nor 3
è dx ø
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 91. What is the order of the differential equation
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only dx
dy ò
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 + ydx = x3? [2016-II]
83. The degree of the differential equation [2015-II]
(a) 1 (b) 2
-4
dy æ dy ö (c) 3 (d) Cannot be determined
- x = ç y - x ÷ is
dx è dx ø 92. Which one of the following differential equations
(a) 2 (b) 3 represents the family of straight lines which are at unit
(c) 4 (d) 5 distance from the origin? [2016-II]
2 2
dy
= 1 - x 2 - y 2 + x 2 y 2 is æ dy ö æ dy ö
84. The solution of
dx
[2015-II] (a) çè y – x ÷ø = 1– çè ÷ø
dx dx
(a) sin–1 y = sin–1 x + c 2 2
æ dy ö æ dy ö
(b) çè y + x ÷ø = 1+ çè ÷ø
(b) 2sin -1 y = 1 - x 2 + sin -1 x + c dx dx
2 2
æ dy ö æ dy ö
(c) 2sin -1 y = x 1 - x 2 + sin -1 x + c (c) çè y – x ÷ø = 1+ çè ÷ø
dx dx
(d) 2sin -1 y = x 1 - x 2 + cos -1 x + c æ dy ö
2
æ dy ö
2
(d) çè y + x ÷ø = 1– çè ÷ø
where c is an arbitrary constant. dx dx
85. The differential equation of the family of circles passing
through the origin and having centres on the x-axis is
[2015-II] d2 x
93. What is equal to? [2017-I]
dy dy dy2
(a) 2xy = x 2 - y2 (b) 2xy = y2 - x 2
dx dx
-1 -3 -1
dy dy æ d2 y ö æ dy ö æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö-2
(c) 2xy = x 2 + y2 2
(d) 2xy + x + y = 0
2
(a) -ç ÷ ç ÷ (b) -çç 2 ÷÷ ç ÷
dx dx ç dx 2 ÷ è dx ø
è ø è dx ø è dx ø
86. The order and degree of the differential equation of
parabolas having vertex at the origin and focus at (a, 0) -1
æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö -3 æ d2 y ö
where a > 0, are respectively [2015-II] -ç 2÷ ç ÷
(c) (d) çç 2 ÷÷
(a) 1, 1 (b) 2, 1 è dx ø è dx ø è dx ø
(c) 1, 2 (d) 2, 2
87. What are the order and degree respectively of the differential 94. If xdy = y (dx + ydy); y(1) = 1 and y(x) > 0, then what is y(–
equation whose solution is y = cx + c2 – 3c3/2 + 2, where c is 3) equal to? [2017-I]
a parameter? [2016-I] (a) 3 (b) 2
(a) 1, 2 (b) 2, 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
(c) 1, 3 (d) 1, 4 95. What are the degree and order respectively of the
88. Let f(x) be a function such that f ' æç ö÷ + x 3f '(x) = 0, What is
1 2 2
è xø æ dy ö æ dx ö
differential equation y = x ç ÷ + ç ÷ ? [2017-I]
1 è dx ø è dy ø
ò f(x) dx equal to? [2016-II] (a) 1, 2 (b) 2, 1
-1 (c) 1, 4 (d) 4, 1
Differential Equation M-395

96. What is the differential equation corresponding to

dx dx
y2 – 2ay + x2 = a2 by eliminating a? [2017-I] (c) x + µt = 0 (d) + µxt = 0
dt dt
(a) (x2 – 2y2)p2 – 4 pxy – x2 = 0
where µ > 0.
(b) (x2 – 2y2)p2 + 4 pxy – x2 = 0
105. The order and degree of the differential equation
(c) (x2 + 2y2)p2 – 4 pxy – x2 = 0 y2 = 4a (x – a), where ‘a’ is an arbitrary constant, are
(d) (x2 + 2y2)p2 – 4 pxy + x2 = 0 respectively [2018-I]
dy (a) 1, 2 (b) 2, 1
where p = . (c) 2, 2 (d) 1, 1
dx
106. What is the solution of (1 + 2x) dy – (1 – 2y) dx = 0?
97. What is the general solution of the differential equation [2018-I]
ydx – (x + 2y2) dy = 0? [2017-I] (a) x – y – 2xy = c (b) y – x – 2xy = c
2 2
(a) x = y + cy (b) x = 2cy (c) y + x – 2xy = c (d) x + y + 2xy = c
(c) x = 2y2 + cy (d) None of the above 107. What are the order and degree, respectively, of the differential
98. What is the solution of the differential equation
2 5
æ d3 y ö 4 æ dy ö
æ dy ö equation ç 3 ÷ = y + çè ÷ø ? [2018-I]
ln ç ÷ - a = 0? [2017-I] dx
è dx ø è dx ø
(a) y = xea + c (b) x = yea + c (a) 4, 5 (b) 2, 3
(c) y = ln x + c (d) x = ln y + c (c) 3, 2 (d) 5, 4
108. The differential equation of the family of curves y = p cos
dy ax + h (ax) + q sin (ax), where p, q are arbitrary constants, is
99. The general solution of = represents a circle
dx by + k [2018-II]
only when [2017-II] d2 y d2 y
(a) a = b = 0 (b) a = –b ¹ 0 (a) - a2 y = 0 (b) - ay = 0
(c) a = b ¹ 0, h = k (d) a = b ¹ 0 dx 2 dx 2
100. The order and degree of the differential equation
d2 y d2 y
3 (c) + ay = 0 (d)+ a2 y = 0
é æ dy ö 2 ù é d2 y ù
2
dx 2 dx 2
ê1 + ç ÷ ú = r2 ê 2 ú are respectively [2017-II] 109. The equation of the curve passing through the point
è dx ø ú
ëê û êë dx úû
dy 1
(a) 3 and 2 (b) 2 and 2 (– 1, – 2) which satisfies = - x 2 - 3 is [2018-II]
dx x
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
101. The differential equation of minimum order by eliminating (a) 17x2 y – 6x2 + 3x5 – 2 = 0
the arbitrat constants A and C in the equatic (b) 6x2 y + 17x2 + 2x5 – 3 = 0
(c) 6xy – 2x2 + 17x5 + 3 = 0
y = A[sin (x + C) + cos (x + C)] is [2017-II]
(d) 17x2 y + 6xy – 3x5 + 5 = 0
(a) y" + (sin x + cos x)y' = 1
110. What is the order of the differential equation whose
(b) y" = (sin x + cos x)y'
solution is y = a cos x + b sin x + ce –x + d, where a, b, c and
(c) y" = (y')2 + sin x cos x d are arbitrary constants? [2018-II]
(d) y" + y = 0 (a) 1 (b) 2
dy yf ' ( x ) - y
2
(c) 3 (d) 4
102. The solution of the differential equation =
dx f(x) 111. What is the solution of the differential equation ln
is [2017-II] æ dy ö
çè ÷ø = ax + by ? [2018-II]
x f(x) dx
(a) y = f ( x ) + c (b) y = +c (a) a eax + b e by = c
x
f(x) + c f( x ) (b)
1 ax 1 by
e + e =c
(c) y= (d) y = a b
x x+c
(c) a eax + b e–by = c
103. What is the solution of the differential equation
x dy – y dx = 0? [2018-I] 1 ax 1 - by
(a) xy = c (b) y = cx (d) e + e =c
a b
(c) x + y = c (d) x – y = c 112. If u = eax sin bx and v = eax cos bx, then what is u
104. Which one of the following differential equations has a
periodic solution? [2018-I] du dv
+ v equal to? [2018-II]
dx dx
d2 x d2 x
(a) + µx = 0 (b) - µx = 0 (a) a e2ax (b) (a2 + b2)eax
dt 2 dt 2 (c) ab e2ax (d) (a + b)eax
 EBD_7346
M-396 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

113. If y = sin ( lnx ) , then which one of the following is correct? 116. If y = a cos 2x + b sin 2x, then [2019-I]
[2018-II] d2 y d2y
(a) +y=0 (b) + 2y =0
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
(a) +y=0
dx 2 d2y
- 4 y =0
d2y
+ 4y = 0
(c) (d)
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
(b) =0 117. The differential equation of the system of circles touching
dx 2 the y-axis at the origin is [2019-I]

2 d2 y dy (a) x 2 + y 2 - 2 xy
dy
= 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy
dy
=0
(c) x +x +y =0
dx 2 dx dx dx
dy dy
2 d2 y
dy (c) x 2 - y 2 + 2 xy= 0 (d) x 2 - y 2 - 2 xy =0
(d) x 2
-x
+y =0 dx dx
dx dx
118. Consider the following in respect of the differential equation :
114. What is the solution of the differential equation
2
dx x + y + 1 d2y æ dy ö
= ? [2018-II] + 2ç ÷ + 9y = x [2019-I]
2
dy x + y - 1 dx è dx ø
(a) y – x + 4 ln (x + y) = c 1. The degree of the differential equation is 1.
(b) y + x + c ln (x + y) = c 2. The order of the differential equation is 2.
(c) y – x + ln (x + y) = c Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(d) y + x + 2 ln (x + y) = c (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
115. The solution of the differential equation [2019-I] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
119. What is the general solution of the differential equation
dy
= cos (y – x) + 1 is dy x
dx + = 0?
dx y
[2019-I]
(a) ex[sec (y – x) – tan (y – x)] = c
(b) ex[sec (y – x) + tan (y – x)] = c (a) x2 + y2 = c (b) x2 – y2 = c
(c) ex sec (y – x) tan (y – x) = c (c) x2 + y2 = cxy (d) x + y = c
(d) ex = c sec (y – x) tan (y – x)

ANSWER KEY
1 (b) 13 (c) 25 (c) 37 (b) 49 (d) 61 (a) 73 (c) 85 (b) 97 (c) 109 (b)
2 (b) 14 (b) 26 (b) 38 (a) 50 (a) 62 (b) 74 (d) 86 (a) 98 (a) 110 (d)
3 (b) 15 (a) 27 (a) 39 (d) 51 (b) 63 (b) 75 (c) 87 (d) 99 (b) 111 (d)
4 (c) 16 (a) 28 (a) 40 (a) 52 (a) 64 (a) 76 (c) 88 (c) 100 (b) 112 (a)
5 (d) 17 (c) 29 (d) 41 (b) 53 (d) 65 (a) 77 (c) 89 (a) 101 (d) 113 (c)
6 (b) 18 (b) 30 (d) 42 (a) 54 (b) 66 (a) 78 (b) 90 (a) 102 (d) 114 (c)
7 (a) 19 (b) 31 (c) 43 (a) 55 (a) 67 (c) 79 (b) 91 (b) 103 (b) 115 (a)
8 (b) 20 (b) 32 (b) 44 (a) 56 (c) 68 (a) 80 (a) 92 (c) 104 (a) 116 (c)
9 (a) 21 (d) 33 (c) 45 (c) 57 (c) 69 (a) 81 (c) 93 (c) 105 (*) 117 (c)
10 (c) 22 (c) 34 (b) 46 (b) 58 (c) 70 (*) 82 (c) 94 (a) 106 (a) 118 (c)
11 (b) 23 (a) 35 (b) 47 (b) 59 (d) 71 (a) 83 (d) 95 (d) 107 (c) 119 (a)
12 (c) 24 (b) 36 (d) 48 (b) 60 (c) 72 (b) 84 (c) 96 (a) 108 (d)
Differential Equation M-397

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) Given that x dy – ydx = 0 dy y
Þ =
Dividing both the sides by x2 dx x + 2y3
xdy - ydx 4. (c) Given that y2 = p (x)
Þ =0
2
x
Differentiating
Þ æ yö é dy ù
dç ÷ = 0 Þ 2yy1 = p'(x)
èxø ê here y1 = dx ú
ë û
y p '(x)
Þ = c Þ y = cx, where c is a constant. Þ 2y1 =
x y
Thus, it a straight line passing through (0, 0). Differentiating again,
Aliter :
Given, x dy – y dx = 0 yp"(x) - p '(x)y1 é d2 y ù
Þ 2y 2 = , ê y2 = ú
dy dx y2 ëê dx 2 úû
Þ =
y x p '(x).p '(x)
yp "(x) -
dy dx 2y
Þ 2y 2 =
Integrating both the sides,
ò y = ò x + log c y2
log y = log x + log c where c is constant
2y2 p"(x) - p '(x))2
Þ y = cx =
2. (b) Since, circle is touching y-axis at origin its center lies 2y3
on x-axis. Let the centre be (a, 0). Its radius = a
1
(x – a)2 + y2 = a2 Þ 2y3y2 = [2y2 p"(x) – (p'(x))2]
x2 + a2 – 2ax + y2 = a2 2
Þ x2 +y2 – 2ax = 0 ...(i) 1
Þ 2y3y2 = [2p (x) p"(x) – (p'(x))2]
2
x +y 2 2
a=
2x d 3
Þ 2 (y y 2 )
Differentiating both sides dx
dy 1
Now, 2x + 2y - 2a = 0 = [2p '(x)p ''(x) + 2p(x)p"'(x) - 2p '(x)p"(x)]
dx 2
= p (x) p"' (x)
dy x 2 + y 2 5. (d) The given differential equation is :
Þ 2x + 2y - =0
dx x
1/ 4
d2 y é æ dy ö2 ù
dy = êy + ç ÷ ú
Þ 2x 2 + 2 x y - x 2 - y 2 = 0
dx dx 2 ëê è dx ø ûú
dy This can be re-written as by squaring both the sides to
Þ 2xy = y2 – x2
dx the power 4 to make it a polynomial of derivative.
3. (b) y3 – x = cy 4
dy dy é d2 y ù é æ dy ö2 ù
Þ 3y2 -1 = c ê 2 ú = êy + ç ÷ ú
dx dx ëê dx ûú êë è dx ø ûú
dy 2
Þ (3y - c) = 1 Power of highest derivatives 4,
dx So, degree of the equation is 4.
dy æ 2 y3 - x ö 6. (b) The given differential equation is
Þ ç 3y - ÷ =1
dx çè y ÷ø dy dx
y =x +
dx dy
dy æ 3y3 - y3 + x ö
Þ ç ÷ =1
dx è y ø
 EBD_7346
M-398 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

dy cos v
Multiplying both the sides by or, dv = dx
dx 1 + cos v
2 v v
We get æç ö÷ y = x æç ö÷ + 1
dy dy cos v = cos
2
- sin 2
dx
è ø dx
è ø 2 2

2 2 v
and 1 + cos v = 2cos
Þ x çæ ÷ö - y çæ ÷ö + 1 = 0
dy dy
2
è dx ø è dx ø
Hence, order and degree of differential equation are æ 2 v vö
ç 2 cos - 2 sin 2 ÷
1 and 2. so, ç 2 2 ÷dv = dx
7. (a) The differential equation ç 2 v ÷
ç 2 cos ÷
dy = (y tan x + sec x) dx can be written as è 2 ø
dy
= y tan x + sec x æ 2 vö
dx ç1 - tan ÷dv = 2dx
è 2ø
dy
or, - y tan x = sec x
dx ì æ v öü
or, í1 - ç sec 2 - 1÷ýdv = 2dx
î è 2 øþ
dy
which is of the form + P(x).y = Q(x)
dx
æ vö
Here P(x) = – tan x and Q(x) = sec x or, ç 2 - sec 2 ÷dv = 2dx
è 2ø
Integrating factor IF = e ò
P ( x )dx
Integrating on both the sides
sin x v
IF = e' ò
- tan x dx ò-
= e cos x
dx
ò
2 dv - sec 2ò 2 ò
dv = 2 dx + c1

Putting cos x = t where c1 is a constant.

– sin x dx = dt
v
dt 2v – 2tan = 2x + c1
ò 2
If = e t = e loge t = t = cos x
x+y
The solution is 2(x + y) – 2 tan = 2x + c1
2
y.Q(x) =
ò I.F.Q(x)dx + c or, 2x + 2y – 2 tan
x+y
= 2x + c1
2
or, y.sec x = ò cos x. sec x dx + c æ x + y ö c1
y – tan ç ÷= = c,
or, y.sec x = ò dx + c è 2 ø 2
[c is a constant]
or, y.sec x = x + c
Since the curve passes through the origin. x+y
so, y – tan =c
0= 0+ c Þ c= 0 2
and y sec x = x
dy dy
or, y = x cos x 9. (a) = ky or = kdx
dx y
dy
8. (b) In the equation = sec( x + y ) Integrating both the sides
dx
Let x + y = v dy
ò y
= k ò dx + log c (where c is a constant)
dy dv dy dv
So, 1 + = or = -1
dx dx dx dx log y = kx + log c Þ log y – log c = k x

dv æyö
and - 1 = sec v or, log ç ÷ = kx
dx ècø

dv 1 + cos v y
= 1 + sec v = or, = e kx
dx cos v c
Differential Equation M-399

or, y = c.ekx
dy ax + b
The equation will show a decay. If value of k is 12. (c) Given: =
negative. Only option (a) shows negative value of k. dx cy + d
10. (c) Differential equation is or, (cy + d) dy = (ax + b)dx
(x + y) (dx – dy) = dx + dy Integrating both the sides.
dividing by dx on both the sides
æ dy ö dy
ò ò ò ò
c. ydy + d dy = a x d x + b dx + K [K is constant
(x + y) ç1 - ÷ = 1+ integration]
è dx ø dx
Putting x + y = v y2 x2
or, c. + d.y = a + b.x + K
2 2
dy dv dy dv
1+ = and = -1 or, cy2 + 2d.y = ax2 + 2b.x + 2K
dx dx dx dx
This equation will represent a parabola when either,
The equation changes to the coefficient of x2 or the coefficient of y2 is zero,
ì æ dv öü dv but not both.
ví1 - ç - 1÷ ý = Thus either c = 0 or a = 0 but not both.
î è dx øþ dx From the choice given, a = 0, c ¹ 0 and b ¹ 0.
13. (c) A radioactive element disintegrates at a rate
æ dv ö dv
vç 2 - ÷= proportional to the quantity of substance Q present at
è dx ø dx
any time t.
dv dv dQ
2v – v = Þ µ -Q
dx dx dt
dv dQ
2v = (1 + v) Þ = - kQ, k > 0 is a constant.
dx dt
This is required differential equation.
æ 1+ v ö 14. (b) Given differential equation is :
ç ÷dv = 2dx
è v ø (x + y) (dx – dy ) = dx + dy
Þ (x + y) dx – (x + y ) dy = dx + dy
or, æç + 1ö÷dv = 2dx
1 Þ (x + y – 1) dx = (x + y + 1) dy
èv ø
dy x + y - 1
Integrating on both the sides, Þ =
dx x + y + 1
dv
ò v + ò dv = 2ò dx + c Let x + y = v and
dy dv
= -1
dx dx
log v + v = 2x + c
Putting v = x + y dv v -1
\ -1 =
log(x + y) + x + y = 2x + c dx v +1
or, log(x + y) + y – x = c
or, y – x + log(x + y) = c Þ
dv v - 1
= +1
11. (b) In the given equation, dx v + 1

3/ 2 dv v - 1 + v + 1
é æ dy ö 3 ù Þ =
d2y dx v +1
K. = ê1 + ç ÷ ú
dx 2 êë è dx ø úû
v +1
Þ dv = dx
Squaring both the sides, 2v
3 1 1 1
ò ò ò
2
æ d2y ö é 3ù Þ 1dv + dv = 1dx
K .ç
2 ÷ = ê1 + æç dy ö÷ ú 2 2 v
ç dx 2 ÷ êë è dx ø úû
è ø 1 1
Þ v + log v = x + c1
Degree of a differential equation is the highest power 2 2
of the highest derivative in equation when Þ x + y + log (x + y) = 2x + c (Q 2c1 = c = costant)
derivatives are expressed as polynomial. Here degree Þ (y – x) + log (x + y) = c
of differential equation is 2.
 EBD_7346
M-400 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
15. (a) Given, equation is : y' = t ( 1 + y) 18. (b) Given function is :

i.e., dy = t(1 + y) f (x) = x + x + x ¥

dt
2
Þ f (x) = x + f (x) Þ (f (x))2 = x + f (x)
1 t
Þ ò 1 + y dy = ò tdt Þ log (1 + y) =
2
+c On differentiating both sides wrt. x, we get
2f (x) f ' (x) = 1+ f ' (x)
As per initial conditions f ' (x) {2f (x) – 1}= 1
y (0) = 0 when t = 0 , y = 0 1
Þ log 1 = c Þ c = 0 f '(x) =
2f (x) - 1
t2 t 2 /2 19. (b) The given differential equation is :
\ log(1 + y) = Þ 1+ y= e
2 dy dy
= xy + x + y + 1 Þ = (x + 1)(y + 1)
2 dx dx
Þ y = -1 + e t /2
Separating variables,
which is required solution. 2
1
16. (a) Given, equation is : Þ dy = (x + 1)dx Þ log(1 + y) = x + x + c
y = ax2 + bx ....(1) (1 + y) 2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, 20. (b) Given differential equation is :
dy 5/ 6 1/ 3
Þ = 2ax + b ....(2) æ d2 y ö æ dy ö
dx ç ÷ =ç ÷
ç dx 2 ÷ è dx ø
Differentiation g w.r.t. x, è ø
Raising both the side to power of 6, to make it a
d2 y
Þ = 2a polynomial of derivatives.
dx 2
5 6/ 3 52
æ d2 y ö æ dy ö æ d2 y ö æ dy ö
1d y 2 Þç ÷ =ç ÷ Þç ÷ =ç ÷
Þ a= ....(3) ç dx 2 ÷ è dx ø ç dx 2 ÷ è dx ø
2 dx 2 è ø è ø
From (2) and (3) Highest derivative has power of 5. So, the order and
degree of given differential equation are 2 and 5
dy d2 y respectively.
b= - x. ,
dx dx 2 21. (d) – cosec2 (x + y)dy = dx
Putting values of a and b in equation (1): dy
Þ = - sin 2 ( x + y )
dx
1 d2 y 2 æ dy d2 y ö
y= .x + x ç - x ÷ Put x + y = t
2 dx 2 è dx dx 2 ø
dy dt dy dt
Þ 1+ = Þ = –1
dx dx dx dx
Þ d2 y dy d2 y
2y = x 2 + 2x - 2x 2 dt
dx 2 dx dx 2 \ –1 = - sin 2 (t )
dx
d2 y dy 1
Þ x2 - 2x + 2y = 0 dt
= 1 - sin 2 t Þ
dt
= cos 2 t =
dx 2 dx Þ
dx dx sec2 t
17. (c) The given differential equation is 2
Þ ò sec t dt = ò dx Þ tan t = x – c
é æ dy ö 2 ù3 / 2 2
d y
ê1 + ç ÷ ú =k 2
êë è dx ø úû dx 2 ìæ 4 ö3 ü 3 æ d3y ö
2
ï d y ï
To express it as a polynomial of derivatives we square 22. (c) íçç 4 ÷÷ ý - 7 x çç 3 ÷÷ = 8
ïîè dx ø ïþ è dx ø
both side,
3 2 2 2
é æ dy ö 2 ù æ d2 y ö æ d4y ö æ d3y ö
Þ ê1 + ç ÷ ú = k 2 ç 2 ÷ ç
Þç 4÷ ÷ - 7 x ç 3 ÷ =8
ç dx ÷
êë è dx ø úû è dx ø è dx ø è ø
Highest derivative has power = 2 \ The order and degree of the given differential
Degree of differential equation = 2. equation are 4 and 2 respectively.
Differential Equation M-401

23. (a) Given, x dy – y dx = xy2dx dy dx

=
Þ x dy - y dx = x dx Þ y dx - x dy = - xdx y x
y2 y2 On integrating both sides, we get
dy dx
æxö x -x2
Þ ò d ç ÷ = - ò x dx Þ = +c =
- x 2 + 2c ò y ò x
=
è yø y 2 2
Þ log y = log x + log c
Þ 2
yx + 2 x = 2cy Þ y = cx
It represents a family of straight lines.
24. (b) x dy – y dx = 0
30. (d) Given differential equation is x dy – y dx = xy2 dx
Þ x dy = y dx
x dy – y dx
1 1 Which can be rewritten as = x dx
Þ ò y
dy = ò dx
x
y2

Þ log y = log x + log c æxö

Þ log y = log cx Þ – d ç ÷ = x dx
èyø
Þ y = cx
Thus, the solution of equation x dy – y dx = 0 represents On integrating both sides, we get
straight line passing through the origin. æxö
2 ò – d çè y ÷ø = ò x dx
dy 1 æ dy ö æ dy ö
25. (c) +y= Þ ç ÷ + yç ÷ =1
dx æ dy ö è dx ø è dx ø x -c æ -c ö
ç ÷ æ -c ö
è dx ø - = +ç ÷ çQ is constant ÷
y 2 è 2 ø è 2 ø
Hence required order of differential equation = 1
26. (b) Rate of growth of bacteria µ number of bacteria present c x2 x c x2 y + 2 x
at that time Þ = + Þ =
2 2 y 2 2y
dx dx
Þ µx Þ = x (Q Proportional constant = 1)
dt dt x2 y 2 x 2 2x
Þ c= + Þ c=x +
y y y
1
Þ ò x dx = ò dt Þ x2 + 2xy–1 = c
Þ log x = t + log c 31. (c) Given equation is
Þ log x – log c = t xy = aex + be–x .......... (1)
Differentiate both side, w.r.t. ‘x’
æ xö
Þ log ç ÷ = t dy
ècø x + y = aex – be–x
dx
x Again differentiate both side w.r.t ‘x’
Þ = et
c
x = cet d2y dy dy
x 2
+ + = ae x + be – x
27. (a) Given differential equation is dx dx dx
dy
= e x - y ( e y - x - e y ) = e - y .e y ( e x .e - x - e x ) d 2 y æ dy ö
2
dx Þ x + ç ÷ = xy (from (1))
dx2 è dx ø
ò 1dy = ò (1 - e
x
Þ )dx Hence, this is the differential equation of second order
Þ y = x – ex + c and first degree.
28. (a) The equation of family of rectangular hyperbola is
xy = c2. 32. (b) ( )
3e x tan y dx + 1 + e x sec 2 y dy = 0
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
By separating the variables, we get
dy
y+ x
dx
=0
3e x dx =
(
- 1 + e x sec2 y) dy
Thus, the order and degree of differential equation are tan y
1 and 1 respectively.
29. (d) Given equation is x dy = y dx 3e x sec 2 y
By separating the variable we get Þ dx = - dy
1+ ex tan y
 EBD_7346
M-402 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Integrate on both sides,
dy
x 2
Þ ( xy - ax ) = 2ay
3e sec y dx
Þ ò 1+ ex dx + ò
tan y
dy = 0
dy
Þ x ( y - a) = 2ay
dx
(
Þ 3 log 1 + e x + log tan y = log c ) Þ x ( y - a ) dy = 2ay dx

( )
3
Þ log 1 + e x tan y = log c
Þ
( y - a ) dy = 2a dx
y x
(Q log m + log n = log mn)
æ aö
( )
3 2a
Þ 1+ ex tan y = c Þ ç1 - ÷ dy = dx
è y ø x
33. (c) Given curve is y2 = 4a (x – a) ...(i)
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get a 2a
dy - dy = dx
2yy¢ = 4a y x
yy¢ Integrate on both side
Þ a=
2 1 1
On putting the value of a in Eq. (i), we get ò dy - a ò y dy = 2a ò x dx
æ yy¢ öæ yy¢ ö y - a log y = 2a log x + log c
y2 = 4 ç ÷ç x - ÷ = yy¢ (2x – yy¢)
è 2 øè 2 ø
Þ y = a log x 2 yc
Þ yy¢ ( yy¢ - 2 x ) + y = 0 2
Þ x 2 y = ke y / a (Q c = k =constant)
3 37. (b) The given differential equation is
d2 y æ dy ö
34. (b) Given differential equation is - 1+ ç ÷ = 0 2
dx 2 è dx ø 4 æ 2 ö
æ dy ö d y
ç 1 + ÷ = çç 2 ÷÷
3 è dx ø è dx ø
d2y æ dy ö
Þ = 1+ ç ÷
dx 2 è dx ø From above it is clear that degree of given differential
equation is 2.
On squaring both the sides,
Because degree is the power of highest order derivative.
æ d2y ö
2 3 38. (a) The given differential equation is
æ dy ö
ç 2 ÷ = 1+ ç ÷
è dx ø è dx ø (1 + e x ) y dy = e x dx
Since, degree of the differential equation is the power By separating the variable, we get
of highest order derivative. ex
Therefore from above it is clear that degree of equation ydy = dx
is 2. 1+ ex
35. (b) Given N(t) = cekt Integrating on both the sides,
Diff. both side w.r.t. ‘t’
æ ex ö
dN ( t ) d kt
Þ ò ydy = ò çç 1 + e x ÷÷ dx
\ = ce = k ( ce kt ) è ø
dt dt
y2
= k éë N ( t ) ùû (by Defn. of N(t)) Þ = log (1 + ex) + log c
2
dN ( t ) Þ y2 = 2 log [c(1+ex)]
But = a N (t ) ( given ) (Q log m + log n = log mn)
dt
Þ y2 = log [c2(1+ex)2]
Þ a=k 39. (d) The equation of family of circles having centres at the
origin is
æ dy ö dy
36. (d) Given differential equation is a ç x + 2 y ÷ = xy x2 + y2 = r2
è dx ø dx where‘r’ is the radius.
dy dy Differentiate both side w.r.t. x, we get
Þ ax - xy = -2ay
dx dx dy
2x + 2 y =0
dx
Differential Equation M-403

2xdx + 2y dy = 0 44. (a) The general equation of all parabolas where axes are
Þ xdx + ydy = 0. parallel to Y-axis, is
which is required differential equation. y = Ax2 + Bx + C
40. (a) Given differential equation is ... (i)
dy where A, B and C are arbitrary constants.
x =y On differentiating eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
dx
By separating the variables, we get dy
dy dx = 2Ax + B
= dx
y x ... (ii)
Intergrate both the sides, we get On differentiating eq. (ii) w.r.t. x, we get
dy dx
ò y =ò x d2y
= 2A
Þ log y = log x + log c dx 2
... (iii)
Þ y = xc On differentiating eq. (iii) w.r.t. x, we get
which is a family of straight lines through the origin.
d3 y
dy =0
41. (b) Given differential equation is y +x =k dx3
dx 45. (c) Given differential equation is
dy dy ax + 3
Þ y =k-x =
dx dx 2 y + f
Þ y dy = (k –x) dx By separating the variable we get
Integrate on both side, we get (2y + f) dy = (ax + 3) dx
ò ydy = ò ( k - x ) dx Integrate on both side,

y2 x2 ò (2 y + f ) dy = ò (ax + 3) dx
Þ = kx - +c
2 2
ax 2
Þ x2 +y2 –2 kx – c = 0 Þ y 2 + fy = + 3x
Which represents a family of circles whose centre lies 2
on the x-axis. This equation represents a circle, if
42. (a) Let the equation of parabola is a
y 2 = 4ax ...(i) –1= Þa=–2
2
On differentiating w.r.t.x, we get 46. (b) The given differential equation can be rewritten as
2yy¢ = 4a
2 3
1 æ d3y ö æ d2y dy ö
Þ yy' = a ç 3 ÷ = ç3 2 - 5 - 4÷
2 ç dx ÷ ç dx dx ÷
è ø è ø
put the value of ‘a’in equation (i), we get
4 \ Degree of differential equation is 2.
y2 =yy ' x
2 (Q Degree is the power of the highest order
Þ y = 2xy¢ derivative)
43. (a) The differential equation is 47. (b) Given differential equation is
ydy
dy 1 - y2 +x=a
+ =0 dx
dx 1 - x2 Þ ydy + xdx = adx
Integrate on both sides, we get
dy 1 - y2
Þ =-
dx 1 - x2 ò y dy + ò x dx = ò a dx
dy - dx
Þ = y2 x2
1- y2 1 - x2 Þ + = ax + c
2 2
1 1
Þ
ò 1- y 2
dy + ò 1 - x2
dx = 0 where c is a constant of integration.
Þ y2 + x2 – 2ax = c
This represents a circle whose centre is on the X-axis.
Þ sin -1 y + sin -1 x = C
 EBD_7346
M-404 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
48. (b) Degree of a differential equation is the power to which Þ log xy = log c
the highest derivative is raised when it is expressed as Þ xy = c
polynomial of derivatives. 51. (b) Given differential equation is
Given equation is
-1
dy æ dy ö
2 y=x +ç ÷
æ d3y ö 3 æ d2y ö æ dy ö dx è dx ø
ç ÷ -3ç ÷ + 5ç ÷ + 4=0
ç dx 3 ÷ ç dx 2 ÷ è dx ø dy
è ø è ø
Multiply by
dx
2
æ d3y ö 3 d2y dy 2
Þç ÷ =3 -5 -4 dy æ dy ö
ç dx3 ÷ 2 dx y = x ç ÷ +1
è ø dx dx è dx ø
Cube on both side, Since power of highest order derivative is 2.
\ degree = 2
2 3
æ d3y ö é d2y dy ù 52. (a) Differential equation given in option (a) is not linear
ç ÷ = ê3 -5 - 4ú
ç dx3 ÷ êë dx 2 dx úû dy
è ø because differential coefficient has exponent 2.
dx
Hence, degree = 2
49. (d) Given differential equation is 53. (d) Given differential equation
sin x cos y dx + cos x sin y dy = 0 æ d2 y ö dy
d3 y
Þ sin x cos y dx = – cos x sin y dy + 2ç ÷- +y=0
dx 3 ç dx 2 ÷ dx
sin x sin y è ø
Þ dx = - dy Since exponent of highest order derivative is 1 therefore
cos x cos y
degree = 1
Integrate on both side 54. (b) Degree of differential equation is always a positive
sin x sin y integer.
ò cos x dx = - ò cos y dy
æ 3ö
Þ – log (cos x) = log (cosy) + log c \ ç 2, ÷ can not be the feasible.
è 2ø
where log c is constant of integration. 55. (a) Let y = a sin (lx + a)
Þ – log c = log (cos y) + log (cos x)
dy
1 Þ = l a cos ( l x + a )
= cos y cos x dx
c
Again differentiating on both side we get
... (1)
d2 y
æ pö = -l 2 a sin ( x + a )
Since, this curve passing through ç 0, ÷ dx 2
è 3ø
\ it satisfies equation (1) d2 y
Þ + l 2 y = 0 Required equation.
1 p dx 2
So, = cos . cos 0
c 3 56. (c) Given diff. equation is
1 1 dy
= ´1Þ c = 2 y +x =a
c 2 dx
1 dy
Hence, required equation of curve is cos x cos y = Þ y =a -x
2 dx
dy y Þ y dy = (a – x) dx
50. (a) + =0
dx x
ò y dy = ò ( a - x ) dx
dy - y dy dx
Þ = Þ =- y2 x2
dx x y x Þ = ax - +k
2 2
dy dx dy dx Þ x2 + y2 – 2 ax = 2k
Þ
y
+
x
=0 Þ ò y
+ ò x
=0
Which represents a set of circles.
Þ log y + log x = log c
Differential Equation M-405

57. (c) Given differential equation is Þ xdy + y dx = 0

2
Þ xdy = – y dx
æ dy ö æ dy ö
ç ÷ - xç ÷ + y =0 dy dx
è dx ø è dx ø Þ =-
y x
From the options only option (c) does not satisfy the
given diff equation. On integrating both side we get
Hence, y = x is not a solution of given diff equation. ln y = – ln x + lnc
58. (c) Given differential equation is x2 dy + y2 dx = 0 æ cö
Þ çy = ÷
Þ x2 dy = – y2 dx è xø
æ dy ö æ dy ö
dy
+
dx
=0 62. (b) Let ln ç ÷ + x = 0 Þ ln ç ÷ = - x
Þ 2 2 è dx ø è dx ø
y x
dy
Þ = e-x
-2
Þ òy dy + ò x -2 dx = 0 dx
Integrate both the side,
y = – e–x + c
y -2 +1 x -2+1
Þ + = a where ‘a’ is a constant of 63. (b) Given curve is y = sin x
-2 + 1 -2 + 1 Differentiate both the sides w.r.t ‘x’.
integration
dy d2 y
1 1 Þ = cos x Þ = - sin x
Þ - - =a dx dx 2
y x
–(x + y) = axy Þ c(x + y) = xy d2 y
Þ =-y
1 dx 2
where c = - is a constant of integration.
a d2 y
59. (d) Given diff equation can be written as \ y+ =0
dx 2
ex sec 2 y 64. (a) Since order of the highest derivative in the given diff.
dx = - dy equation is 1 and exponent of the derivative is also 1
1 - ex tan y
therefore degree and order is (1, 1).
On integrating both the sides, we get 65. (a) Highest order derivative, present in the differential
ex sec 2 y æ dy ö
ò 1 - ex dx = - ò
tan y
dy equations is çè ÷ø , therefore its order is one.
dx
Þ – log (1 – ex) = – log (tan y) + log c 66. (a) y = 2 cos x + 3 sin x
Þ log (tan y) = log c + log (1 – ex) dy
Þ log (tan y) = log [c (1 – ex)] = –2 sin x + 3 cos x
dx
Þ tan y = c (1 – ex)
Where ‘c’ is the constant of integration. d2 y
= –2 cos x – 3 sin x
60. (c) Consider differential equation dx
= – (2 cos x + 3 sin x)
3
=–y
æ d4 y ö 5 d3 y d2 y dy
ç 4 ÷ -5 3 +6 2 - 8 +5 = 0 d2 y
ç dx ÷ dx dx dx
è ø +y=0
dx 2
3 67. (c) x2 + y2 = r2 [equation of circle]
æ d4 y ö 5 d3 y d2 y dy Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x.
Þç ÷ =5 -6 + 8 -5
ç dx 4 ÷ dx 3
dx 2 dx dy
è ø 2x + 2y =0
dx
3 5
æ d4 y ö æ d3 y d2 y dy ö dy x
Þç ÷ = ç5 -6 + 8 - 5÷ =-
ç dx 4 ÷ ç dx3 dx 2 dx ÷ dx y
è ø è ø
So, highest order derivative = 4, degree = 3 dy
68. (a) = |x|
61. (a) Given differential equation is dx
dy dy dy
x +y =0 = x for x ³ 0 ; = – x for x < 0
dx dx dx
 EBD_7346
M-406 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

ò dy = ò x dx Þ
3[(2x + 1) + (2y + 1)]
= C1
3 - (2x + 1)(2y + 1)
x2
y= + C1 ...(i); ò dy = –1 x dx
2 2 3(x + y + 1)
Þ = C1
x2 -4xy - 2y - 2x + 2
y= - + C1 ...(ii)
2
From (i) and (ii) Þ 2 3(x + y + 1) = C1 (2 – 2x – 2y – 4xy)

x|x| Þ 2 3(x + y + 1) = 2C1 (1 – x – y – 2xy)

y= +C
2 C1
dy dy Þ (x + y + 1) = (1 – x – y – 2xy)
69. (a) + 2y = 1 Þ = 1 – 2y 3
dx dx (x + y + 1) = A (1 + Bx + Cy + Dxy)
dy 71. (a) B = –1
ò 1 - 2y = ò dx 72. (b) C = –1
73. (c) D = – 2
1 74. (d) Particular solution of D. e. of third order have three
- log |1 - 2y | = x + C
2 arbitary constant.
at x = 0, y = 0 75. (c) Statement 1: Differential equation is not a polynomial
1 equation in its derivatives. So, its degree is not defined.
- log1 = 0 + C Þ C = 0
2 Statement 2 : The highest order derivative in the given
1 – 2y = e–2x polynomial is 2.
1 - e -2x 76. (c) Consider the given differential equation,
y=
2 3 2
70. (*) Differential equation x dy – y dx = y2 æ d3 y ö 2 æ d 2 y ö
= (y dx – x dy) = y2 ç 3 ÷ = çç 2 ÷÷ ...(i)
ç dx ÷ è dx ø
è ø
æxö In order to find degree, differential equation should be
\ dç ÷=0
èyø free from fractional indices.
Now, squaring eqn (i) both sides, we get
x
= C \ x = Cy æ d3 y ö
3
æ d2 y ö
4
y
ç 3÷ = ç 2÷
For (71 - 73) ç dx ÷ ç dx ÷
è ø è ø
(x2 + x + 1) dy + (y2 + y + 1) dx = 0
(x2 + x + 1) dy = – (y2 + y + 1) dx Since, the power of highest order derivative is 3,
dx dy therefore degree = 3.
+ =0 77. (c) Consider the given differential equation
2
(1 + x + x ) (1 + y + y 2 )
æ dy ö
dx dy ln ç ÷ + x = 0
Þ ò +ò =0 è dx ø
2 2 2 2
æ 1ö æ 3ö æ 1ö æ 3ö
ç x + ÷ +ç ÷ ç y + ÷ +ç ÷
è 2 ø çè 2 ÷ø è 2 ø çè 2 ÷ø æ dy ö
Þ ln ç ÷ = – x
è dx ø
2 æ 2x + 1ö 2 æ 2y + 1ö
Þ tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç
3 è 3 ø 3 è 3 ÷ø dy
Þ = e–x
dx
2
= tan -1 (C1 ) on separating the variables, we get
3 dy = e–x dx,
ì æ 2x + 1ö æ 2y + 1ö ü on integrating both sides, we get
ï çè ÷ +ç ÷ ï
ï 3 ø è 3 ø ï -x
Þ tan -1 í –1
ý = tan C1 ò dy = ò e dx
ï1 - æ 2x + 1ö æ 2y + 1ö ï
ïî çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø ïþ e -x
Þy= + C = – e–x + C
-1
é -1 -1 -1 æ x + y öù
êQ tan x + tan y = tan ç ÷ú Þ y + e–x = C
ë è 1 - xy øû
Differential Equation M-407

3 dx x
2 81. (c) + – y2 = 0
78. (b) y = (Cx - 1) 2 + B dy y
3C
dx x
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get + = y2
dy y
1 1
dy 2 3 This is a linear differential equation of the form
= . (Cx - 1) 2 .C + 0 = (Cx - 1) 2
dx 3C 2 dx
+ P1 x = Q1
dy
1
dy 1
= (Cx - 1) 2
dx Here, P = and Q = y2
y
On squaring both sides, we get 1
ò dy
I.F. = e ò
P dy
æ dy ö
2 \ = e y = elog y = y
çè ÷ø = Cx – 1 So, required solution is
dx
x . y = ò y 2 × y dy + c
2
æ dy ö
Þ ç ÷ + 1 = Cx ...(i)
òy
3
è dx ø xy = dy + c

Now, on differentiating w.r.t. x, we get y4

xy = +c
2 4
æ dy ö d y 4
4xy = y + c
2ç ÷ . 2 = C
è dx ø dx \ Option (c) is correct.
From eq. (i) 82. (c) Statement 1:
dy
2 2 The general solution of = f(x) + x
æ dy ö æ dy ö d y dx
çè ÷ø + 1 = 2x çè ÷ø 2
dx dx dx Now integrating on both side
dy
79. (b)
y dx – x dy
=0 ò dx = ò éëf ( x ) + x ùû dx
y2
\ y = f(x) + C
\ y dx – x dy = 0 \ Statement 1 is correct.
dy dx Statement 2:
\ =
y x dy
= f(x) + c
Now integrating both sides, dx
dy dx Squaring both sides,
yò =ò
x 2
æ dy ö
çè ÷ø = (f ( x ) + c )
2
Þ log y = log x + log c dx
Þ log y = log c x
\ y = cx 2
æ dy ö
= éf (x ) + 2c f ( x ) + c2 ù
2
\ Option (b) is correct.
èç dx ø÷ ë û
æ dy ö
80. (a) sin ç ÷ – a = 0 Hence, the differential equation is of order –1 and
è dx ø degree –2.
æ dy ö \ both Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
sin ç ÷ = a \ Option (c) is correct.
è dx ø
-4
dy æ dy ö
dy 83. (d) Q - x =çy- x ÷
Þ = sin –1 a dx è dx ø
dx
dy = sin–1 a dx 4
æ dy öæ dy ö
Now integrating both sides, Þç - x ÷ ç y - x. ÷ = 1
è dx øè dx ø
ò dy = ò sin
–1
a dx
\ Order of the above differential equation = 1
–1
y = x sin a + c & degree = 5
\ Option (a) is correct.
 EBD_7346
M-408 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

dy æ dy ö
2
dy
84. (c) Q = 1 - x 2 - y2 + x 2 y2 + ( x 2 - 2 y + 4) ç ÷ + ( -2 xy + 4 x ) =0
dx è dx ø dx
dy Hence order of differential equation is 1 and degree is 4.
= (1 - x 2 )(1 - y2 )
dx 88. (c)
æ ö
dy y ç 1 - x 2 + x 1– y2 ÷ – x = c
Þ = 1 - x 2 .dx 89. (a) e è ø

1 - y2
Þ y 1 - x 2 + x 1 - y 2 - x = log c
dy
= ò 1- y 2
= ò 1 - x 2 .dx [integrating b/s] dy 1
Þ 1 - x 2 + y. (- 2 x) + 1 - y 2
dx 2 1- x 2

–1 æ y ö x 1 æ xö
= sin çè ÷ø = 1 - x 2 + sin -1 ç ÷ + c 1 dy
1 2 2 è 1ø + x. ( - 2 y). -1 = 0
2 1- y 2 dx
= 2sin -1 y = x 1 - x 2 + sin -1 x + c
85. (b) Eq. of family of circles passing through the origin & dy xy xy dy
Þ 1 - x2 - + 1 - y2 - . =1
having centres on the x-axis is : dx 1- x 2
1- y 2 dx
x2 + y2 + 2gx = 0 ... (1)
Degree = 1, order =1
dy
2x + 2y. + 2g = 0 [on differentiating] 90. (a) Given, xdy = ydx + y 2 dy
dx
é dy ù y dx y 2
Þ1 = +
Þ g = - êx + y ú x dy x
ë dx û
Putting the value of (g) in eq. (1) we get; dx x
Þ +y=
dy dy y
2xy = y2 - x 2
dx dx x
86. (a) The eq. of parabolas having vertex at (0, 0) & focus at Þ - = -y ...(1)
dy y
(a, 0), where (a > 0) is :
y2 = 4ax ... (1) 1
P = - , Q = -y
dy y
2y. = 4a [on differentiating]
dx 1
ò - y dy
IF = eò
On putting the value of (4a) in eq. (1) we get, Pdy 1
=e = e - log y =
y
dy
2x. -y=0 Now, Solution of d.E.
dx
in order =1 & degree = 1. x(I.F.) = ò (Q.I.F.) dy
87. (d) Given :
x 1
Solution of differential equation is
3
y
= ò y (- y)dy + C
y = cx + c 2 - 3c 2 + 2 ...(1)
x
To find order and degree of differential equation, we
Þ
y ò
= -1 dy + C
will find differential equation first.
Now differentiating equation (1) w.r.t. x and putting x
Þ = -y +C
value of c to remove it, we get y
dy
y(1) = 1
=c 1
dx = -1 + C Þ C = 2
1
3
2
dy æ dy ö æ dy ö 2 x
y = x + ç ÷ - 3ç ÷ + 2 Þ = - y + 2 Þ x = - y2 + 2 y
dx è dx ø è dx ø y
4 3 Þ y( -3) Þ -3 = - y 2 + 2 y
æ dy ö
2 æ dy ö
Þ ( y - 2) + ç ÷ + (2 x - 9) ç ÷
è dx ø è dx ø Þ y2 - 2 y - 3 = 0
Differential Equation M-409

+2 ± 4 + 12 2 ± 4 dy dx 1
Þy= = 93. (c) Let y = f ( x ) Þ = f 1 (x) Þ =
2 2 dx dy f ( x )
'
Þ y = 3, –1
Since y > 0 so y = 3. -d '
f ( x)
dx dx d2 x dy
ò
+ y × dx = x 3 Þ ò
3
91. (b) y × dx = x - = ... (i)
dy2
( f ( x ))
dy dy ' 2

Þ 1+
dy
(ò
y × dx = x3 ×
dy
)
( )
dx dx -d ' -d æ dy ö dx -d ' dx
Differentiate both sides w.e.t. x f (x) ç ÷. f ( x) .
dy dy è dx ø dx dx dy
= =
( ò y × dx ) æççè ddx y ö÷÷ø = x × ddx y + dydx (2 x ) ( f ( x )) ( f ( x ))
2 2 2 2 2
dy 3 2 ' ' æ dy ö
Þ 0+ ( y) + 2 2 çè ÷ø
dx dx

dy d 2 y é 3 dx ù d2y dy
Þ y× + 2 ê x - ú = x3 × 2 + 2 x 2 æ d2 y ö
dx dx ë dy û dx dx
dx -f ( x ) .
' -ç 2 ÷ -3
dy è dx ø -d 2 y æ dy ö
Þ = = ç ÷
dy d y æ dx ö æ d y ö
2
d y dy 2 2
2 3
dx 2 è dx ø
Þy + x3 2 - ç ÷ ç 2 ÷ = x3 2 + 2 x 2 æ dy ö æ dy ö
dx ç ÷ çè ÷ø çè ÷ø
dx è dy ø è dx ø dx dx
dx dx
dy dx d 2 y dy 94. (a) x dy = ydx + y2 dy
Þy - × 2 = 2x 2 •
dx dy dx dx dy
dy y - x.
2 dy dx = -dy
dy Þ x. = y + y . Þ
Multiplying both side by dx dx y 2 dx
dx
Integrating both sides
2 2 2
æ dy ö d y æ dy ö x
y ç ÷ - 2 = 2x2 ç ÷ = -y + c
è dx ø dx è dx ø y
2 Given, x = 1, y = 1
d2y æ dy ö
Þ 2
+ (2 x 2 - y ) ç ÷ = 0 1
dx è dx ø Þ = -1 + c Þc= 2
Order = 2, degree = 1. 1
92. (c) y = mx + c (Equation of straight line) x
\ +y=2
dy y
= m and mx – y + c = 0 is at unit distance from
dx Þ x + y2 = 2y
origin. Þ – 3 + y2 – 2y = 0
Þ y2 – 2y – 3 = 0
| m(0) - (0) + c |
\ = 1 Þ c = 1 + m2 y = 3, – 1
2 2
m + (-1) \y=3
Now : 2 2
æ dy ö æ dx ö
2 95. (d) y = xç ÷ +ç ÷
é dy ù 2 2 2 è dx ø è dy ø
êë y - x dx úû = [mx + c - xm] Þ c = 1 + m
2 -2
also, æ dy ö æ dy ö
= xç ÷ +ç ÷
é dy ù
2
2 2 2
è dx ø è dx ø
êë y + x dx úû = [mx + c + mx] = [2mx + 1 + m ] 2 4
æ dy ö æ dy ö
Þ y ç ÷ = x· ç ÷ + 1
æ dy ö 2
2
æ dy ö 2
2 è dx ø è dx ø
also, 1 - ç ÷ = 1 - m and 1 + ç ÷ = 1 + m
è dx ø è dx ø So, degree = 4, order = 1
2 2
96. (a) y2 – 2ay + x2 = a2
é dy ù æ dy ö Þ y2 – 2 (y) (a) + a2 + x2 = a2 + a2
Þ ê y - x ú = 1+ ç ÷
ë dx û è dx ø Þ (y – a)2 + x2 = 2a2 ...(i)
Dift w.r.t x
2 (y – a).y1 + 2x = 0
 EBD_7346
M-410 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
100. (b) Degree of a differential equation is power of the highest
æ dy ö
Þ (y – a).p = – x çè Let = y1 = P÷ order derivative.
dx ø In the given differential equation,
-x 3 2
Þ y-a = ...(ii) é æ dy ö 2 ù é d2 y ù
p ê1 + ç ÷ ú = r2 ê 2 ú
è dx ø ú
ëê û êë dx úû
x
Þ a = y+ ...(iii) order = 2 and degree = 2.
p 101. (d) y = A[sin (x + c) + cos (x + c)]
2 2 y¢ = A[cos(x + c) – sin(x + c)]
æ -x ö 2 æ xö y¢¢ = –A[sin(x + c) + cos(x + c)]
(i) Þ ç ÷ + x = 2ç y + ÷
è p ø è pø = –y
(from (ii) (iii)) \ y¢¢ + y = 0

dy yf¢ ( x ) - y yf¢ ( x )
2
æ ( py + x ) 2 ö y2
102. (d) = = -
= 2ç ÷ dx f(x) f(x) f(x)
ç p2 ÷
è ø
dy y × f¢ ( x )
2
y2
x 2 + p2 x 2
=
( 2 2
2 p y + x + 2pxy 2
) Þ
dx
= -
y ×f(x) f(x)
Þ 2 2
p p 1 æ dy ö f¢ ( x ) 1
Þ = -
2 2 2 2 2
Þ x + p x – 2p y – 2x – 4pxy = 0 2 2 çè dx ÷ø y × f ( x ) f ( x )
y
Þ (x2 – 2y2)p2 – 4pxy – x2 = 0
97. (c) ydx – (x + 2y2)dy = 0 1 æ dy ö 1 f¢ ( x ) -1
Þ - × =
Þ ydx – xdy – 2y2dy = 0 2 çè dx ÷ø y f ( x ) f( x)
y
dy dy
Þ y - x· = 2y2 . -1 dt 1 æ dy ö
dx dx Let t = Þ = ç ÷
y dx y 2 è dx ø
dy
y - x.
dx = 2. dy dt f¢(x) -1
Þ Þ + t× =
y2 dx dx f(x) f(x )
Integrating f¢( x )
ò f( x ) × dx log f( x )
x I.F = e =e = f( x )
Þ = 2y + c
y Solution of differential equation is
Þ x = 2y2 + cy
-1
t × f( x) = ò ´ f(x) × dx
æ dy ö f(x)
98. (a) ln ç ÷ - a = 0
è dx ø
-1 f(x) f(x)
æ dy ö dy Þ f ( x ) = -x – c Þ = x + cÞ y = + c.
Þ ln ç ÷ = a Þ = ea y y x
è dx ø dx

Þ ò dy = ò ea .dx Þ y = ea . x + c 103. (b) xdy – ydx = 0.

Þ xdy = ydx
dy ax + h
99. (b) = dy dx
dx by + k Þ =
y x
Þ (by + k)dy = (ax + h)dx
Þ log y = log x + log c
Intergrating, we get ò ( by + k ) dy = ò ( ax + h ) dx Þ log y – log x = log c
æ yö
by2 ax 2 Þ log ç ÷ = log c
Þ + ky = + hx è xø
2 2
Þ by2 + 2ky = ax2 + 2hx y
Þ = c Þ y = cx .
Þ ax2 – by2 + 2hx – 2ky = 0 x
This represents circle only when a = –b ¹ 0.
Differential Equation M-411

104. (a)
du dv
105. (*) 112. (a) u +v = eax sin bx[aeax sin bx + beax cos bx]
106. (a) (1 + 2x) dy – (1 – 2y) dx = 0 Þ (1 + 2x) dy = (1 – 2y) dx dx dx
+ eax cos bx[aeax cos bx – beax sin bx]
dy dx 2ax 2
Þ = = e [a sin bx + b sin bx cos bx +
1 - 2y 1 + 2x a cos2 bx – b sin bx cos bx]
dy dx = ae2ax
Integrating both sides, ò 1 - 2y = ò 1 + 2x 113. (c) y = sin (log x)

-1 1 1 dy cos(log x)
Þ log (1 - 2y ) = log (1 + 2x ) + log c Þ =
2 2 2 dx x
Þ log(1 – 2y) + log (1 + 2x) = log c æ dy ö
Þ (1 + 2x) (1 – 2y) = c Þ x ç ÷ = cos(log x)
è dx ø
Þ 1 + 2x – 2y – 4xy = c
Again differentiating,
Þ 2x – 2y – 4xy = c
Þ x – y – 2xy = c. d2y dy sin log x - y
x 2
+ =- =
2 dx dx x x
æ d3 y ö 5
4 æ dy ö d2y dy
107. (c) ç 3 ÷ = y +ç ÷ x2 +x +y=0
ç dx ÷ è dx ø Þ
è ø dx 2 dx
order = 3, degree = 2 dt dx
108. (d) y = p cos ax + q sin ax 114. (c) Let t = x + y Þ = +1
dy dy
dy
Þ = –p a sin ax + qa cos ax dt t +1
dx So, -1 =
dy t -1
d2y
Þ = –p a2 cos ax – qa2 sin ax = –a2y dt t + 1 + t - 1 2t
dx 2 Þ = =
dy t -1 t -1
d2y
Þ + a2y = 0 t -1
dx 2 Þ òt
dt = 2ò dy
dy 2 1 Þ t – log t = 2y + C1
109. (b) = -x - 3
dx x Þ x + y – log(x + y) – 2y = C1
æ 1ö Þ y – x + log(x + y) = –C1 = C
ò dy =ò çè - x
2
Þ - ÷ dx
x3 ø dy
115. (a) = cos( y - x ) + 1 ...(1)
x 3
1 dx
Þ y= - + 2 +c
3 2x dy dt
Let y – x = t Þ -1 =
Putting (–1, –2), we get dx dx
1 1 17
–2 = + + c Þ C = - \ (1) Þ
dt
+ 1 = cos t + 1
3 2 6
dx
x3 1 17
\ y=- + - dt
3 2x2 6 Þ = cos t
Þ 6x2y = –2x5 + 3 – 17x2 dx
Þ 6x2y + 17x2 + 2x5 – 3 = 0 Þ sect . dt = 1. dx
110. (d) Order = 4 (Q No. of arbitrary constants = 4) Þ ò sec t × dt = ò 1 × dx
dy Þ log |sect + tant| = x + c
111. (d) = eax + by = eax.eby Þ – log |sect – tant| = x + c
dx
Þ eax dx – e–by dy = 0 Þ log |sect – tant| = –x – c
Þ log (sec (y – x) – tan (y – x) = –x – c
Integrating both sides,
Þ sec (y – x) – tan (y – x) = e–x. e–c
1 ax 1 -by Þ ex (sec (y – x) – tan (y – x)) = c.
e + e =c
a b 116. (c) The equation of circle touching y-axis at origin is
(x – a)2 + ( y – 0)2 = a2
 EBD_7346
M-412 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Þ x2 + a2 – 2ax + y2 = a2 dy
Þ x2 + y2 – 2ax = 0 Þ x 2 + 2 xy × - y 2 = 0
dx
y2 2
Þ x+ - 2a = 0 d2y æ dy ö
x 118. (c) + 2ç ÷ + 9y = x
2
dx è dx ø
dy Order =2
x.2 y. - y2
Differentiating, 1 + dx =0 Degree = 1
x2 dy x
119. (a) + =0
dy dx y
Þ x 2 + 2 xy. - y 2 = 0
dx
dy - x
Þ =
dx y
117. (c) The equation of circle touching y-axis at origin is
(x – a)2 + ( y – 0)2 = a2 Þ y dy + x dx = 0
Þ x2 + a2 – 2ax + y2 = a2
y2 x2
Þ x2 + y2 – 2ax = 0 Þ + +c =0
2 2
y2 Þ y2 + x2 + 2c = 0
Þ x+ - 2a = 0
x Þ x2 + y2 = c.

dy
x × 2y × - y2
Differentiating, 1 + dx =0
x2
 Matrices &
Determinants 20
7. Let A = (aij)n × n and adj A = (aij)
cos a - sin a
1. A(a) = éê sin a cos a ùú , A(b) = écos b - sin bù .
ë û êë sin b cos b úû é1 2 3 ù
Which one of the following is correct ? If A = ê 4 5 4 ú , what is the value of a23 ?
(a) A(– a) A(– b) = A(a +b) ëê 2 3 -1ûú
(b) A(– a) A(b) = A(b – a) (a) 1 (b) – 1
(c) A(a) + A(– b) = A{– (b – a)} (c) 8 (d) – 8 [2006-I]
8. Let A and B be two invertible square matrices each of order n.
(d) A(a) + A( b) = A(a + b) [2006-I] What is adj (AB) equal to ?
(a) (adj A) (adj B) (b) (adj A) + (adj B)
1 + sin 2 x cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
(c) (adj A) – (adj B) (d) (adj B) (adj A) [2006-I]
2
2. If f (x) = sin x 1 + cos 2 x 4 sin 2x 9. M is a matrix with real entries given by
sin 2 x 2
cos x 1 + 4 sin 2x
é4 k 0ù
What is the maximum value of f (x) ? M = ê6 3 0ú
êë 2 t k úû
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8 [2006-I] Which of the following conditions guarantee the invertibility
of M ?
écos q sin q 0 ù 1. k ¹ 2 2. k ¹ 0
3. If the matrix ê sin q cos q 0 ú is singular, then what is one
êë 0 0 1 úû 3. t ¹ 0 4. t ¹ 1
of the values of q ? Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
p p (c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4 [2006-I]
(a) (b)
4 2
(c) p (d) 0 [2006-I] é1 1 1ù
10. Let A = ê1 1 1ú be a square matrix of order 3. Then for any
4. For what values of k, does the system of linear equations
ëê1 1 1úû
x + y + z = 2, 2x + y – z = 3, 3x + 2y + kz = 4
have a unique solution ? positive integer n, what is An equal to ?
(a) k = 0 (b) – 1 < k < 1 (a) A (b) 3n A
(c) (3 n – 1 )A (d) 3A [2006-I]
(c) – 2 < k < 2 (d) k ¹ 0 [2006-I]
11. Let A and B be two matrices such that AB is defined. If AB = 0,
é1 x ù
Let A = é
1 0ù then which one of the following can be definitely concluded ?
5. and B = ê ú
ëê0 -1ûú ë0 1 û (a) A = 0 or B = 0
If AB = BA, then what is the value of x ? (b) A = 0 and B = 0
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) A and B are non-zero square matrices
(c) 1 (d) Any real number (d) A and B cannot both be non-singular [2006-I]
[2006-I] 12. If A is a matrix of order p × q and B is a matrix of order
6. If a matrix B is obtained from a square matrix A by s × t, under which one of the following conditions does
interchanging any two of its rows, then what is | A + B| equal AB exist ?
to (a) p = t (b) p = s
(a) 2 | A | (b) 2 | B | (c) q = t (d) q = s [2006-II]
(c) 0 (d) | A | – | B | [2006-I]
 EBD_7346
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13. If A is a square matrix such that A – AT = 0, then which
a b c
one of the following is correct ?
(a) A must be a null matrix 19. What is the value of b c a if a3 + b3 + c3 = 0 ?
(b) A must be a unit matrix c a b
(c) A must be a scalar matrix (a) 0 (b) 1
(d) None of the above [2006-II] (c) 3 abc (d) – 3 abc [2006-II]
14. What is the largest value of a third order determinant é1 2 ù
20. If A = ê 2
whose elements are 0 or 1 ? ú is a 2 × 2 matrix and f (x) = x – x + 2 is a
(a) 0 (b) 1 ë0 3û
(c) 2 (d) 3 [2006-II] polynomial, then what is f (A) ?
é1 7 ù é2 6ù
é 1 + i 1 + iù (a) ê1 7 ú (b) ê ú
15. What is the inverse of A = ê ú? ë û ë0 8û
ë- 1 + i 1 - i û
é2 6ù é2 6ù
1 é1 + i - 1 + i ù (c) ê0 6ú (d) ê ú [2006-II]
1 é1 - i - 1 - i ù
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú ë û ë0 7û
4 ë1 - i 1 + i û 4 ë1 + i - 1 - i û 21. If A is a non-null row matrix with 5 columns and B is a non-
null column matrix with 5 rows, how many rows are there
1 é 1 + i 1 - iù 1 é 1+ i 1- i ù in A × B ?
(c) ê ú (d) ê- 1 - i - 1 + i ú
4 ë- 1 - i 1 + i û 4ë û (a) 1 (b) 5
(c) 10 (d) 25 [2006-II]
[2006-II]
16. In respect of the equation DIRECTIONS (Qs. 22-23) : The following questions consist of
é 2 3ù é x ù é 5 ù two statements, one labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other
ê 4 6 ú ê y ú = ê c - 5ú as 'Reason (R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully
ë ûë û ë û and select the answer.
correctly match List I with List II and select the correct (a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct
answer using the code given below the lists: explanation of A
List I List II (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct
(Value of c) (Nature of the Equation) explanation of A
A. 5 1. The equation has no (c) A is true but R is false
solution (d) A is false but R is true
B. 10 2. The equation has a æ 2 3ö æ 1 0ö
22. Assertion(A): If A = ç ÷ ,B = ç , then ( A + B)2
unique solution è 1 4ø è 0 1÷ø
C. 15 3. The equation has an infinite
= A2 + B2 + 2 AB.
set of solutions
Reason(R): In the above AB = BA
4. The equation has two infi
nite sets of independent æ cos a sin a ö
23. Assertion(A): If A= ç
è cos a sin a ÷ø
solutions and
Code:
A B C æ cos a cos a ö
=B ç , then AB ¹ 1.
(a) 4 2 3 è sin a sin a ÷ø
(b) 1 1 3 Reason(R): The product of two matrices can never be equal
(c) 2 2 4 to an identity matrix.
(d) 4 1 3 [2006-II] é1 2ù é –1 0ù
24. If A is any 2 × 2 matrix such that ê ú A=ê ú
é 1 - 2ù ë 0 3û ë 6 3û
17. If A–1 = ê , what is det (A) ?
ë- 2 2 úû then what is A equal to?
é –5 1ù é –5 –2ù
(a) 2 (b) – 2 (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë –2 2û ë1 2û
1 1
(c) (d) - [2006-II] é –5 –2 ù é5 2ù
2 2 (c) ê2 1ú (d) ê ú [2007-I]
18. From the matrix equation AB = AC, which one of the ë û ë –2 –1û
following can be concluded ? 25. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix such that |A|=4, then what is A(adj A)
equal to?
(a) B = C for any matrix A
(b) B = C, if A is singular é 1 0 0ù é 4 0 0ù
ê 0 1 0ú ê 0 4 0ú
(c) B = C, if A is non-singular (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
(d) A = B = C for any matrix A [2006-II] êë0 0 1úû êë 0 0 4úû
Matrices and Determinants M-415

é16 0 0 ù é1 2ù
ê 0 16 0 ú 33. The matrix A = ê ú satisfies which one of the following
(c) ê ú ë2 2 û
êë 0 0 16úû polynomial equations?
(d) Cannot be determined, as data is insufficient (a) A2 + 3A + 2I = 0 (b) A2 + 3A – 2I = 0
2
(c) A – 3A – 2I = 0 (d) A2 – 3A + 2I = 0
[2007-I]
[2007-II]
éx ù 34. For how many values of k, will the system of equations
ê x2 1+ x2 ú
( k + 1) x + 8y = 4k and kx + (k + 3) y = 3k – 1, have an infinite
26. If A = ê y y2 1 + y 2 ú where x, y, z are distinct what is |A|?
ê ú number of solutions ?
êë z z 2 1 + z 2 úû (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) None of the above
(a) 0
[2007-II]
(b) x2y–y2x + xyz
(c) ( x– y) ( y – z)(z –x) 35. For what value of p, is the system of equations :
(d) xyz [2007-I] p3x + (p + 1)3 y = (p + 2)3
27. Under which of the following condition(s), will the matrix px + (p + 1) y = p + 2
x+y= 1
é0 0 q ù consistent ?
A = êê2 5 1 úú be singular? (a) p = 0 (b) p = 1
êë8 p p úû (c) p = – 1 (d) For all p > 1 [2007-II]

1. q = 0 é2x 0 ù –1 é
1 0ù
36. If A = ê ú and A = ê ú , then what is the value
2. p = 0 ë x xû ë -1 2û
3. p = 20
of x ?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 only 1 1
(a) - (b)
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 or 3 [2007-I] 2 2
28. Consider the following statements: (c) 1 (d) 2 [2007-II]
1. If det A= 0, then det ( adj A) = 0 37. Let A = [aij] m × m be a matrix and C = [cij]m × m be another
2. If A is non- singular, then det(A–1) = (det A)–1 matrix where cij is the cofactor of aij. Then, what is the value
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only of | AC | ?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [2007-I] (a) | A | m–1 (b) | A | m
29. Let A be an m × n matrix.Under which one of the following (c) | A | m +1 (d) Zero [2007-II]
conditions does A–1 exist? 38. If w is the cube root of unity, then what is one root of the
(a) m = n only (b) m = n and det A ¹ 0 equation
(c) m = n and det A= 0 (d) m ¹ n [2007-I]
30. Let Aand B be two matrices of order n × n. Let A be non- x2 -2x -2w2
singular and B be singular. Consider the following:
2 w -w = 0 ?
1. AB is singular
2. AB is non-singular 0 w 1
3. A–1B is singular
4. A–1B is non singular (a) 1 (b) –2
Which of the above is/ are correct? (c) 2 (d) w [2007-II]
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 only é 2 2ù
(c) 1 only (d) 3 only [2007-I] 39. If A = ê ú , then what is An equal to ?
31. Let A be a square matrix of order n × n where n ³ 2. Let B be ë 2 2û
a matrix obtained from A with first and second rows
é 2n 2n ù é 2n 2n ù
interchanged. Then which one of the following is correct? ê ú
(a) (b) ê 2n 2n úû
(a) det A = det B (b) det A = –det B êë 2 n 2n úû ë
(c) A = B (d) A = – B [2007-I]
32. What should be the value of k so that the system of linear é 2 2n -1 22n -1 ù é 2 2n +1 22n +1 ù
equations x – y + 2z = 0, kx – y + z = 0, 3x + y – 3z = 0 does not (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
possess a unique solution? êë 2 2n -1 22n -1 úû êë 2 2n +1 22n +1 úû
(a) 0 (b) 3 [2007-II]
(c) 4 (d) 5 [2007-I]
 EBD_7346
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40. If the least number of zeroes in a lower triangular matrix is 10,
then what is the order of the matrix ? 1 a a3 a a2 a3
(a) 3 × 3 (b) 4 × 4 1 b b 3
(c) 5 × 5 (d) 10 × 10 [2007-II] (c) (d) b b2 b3
3
1 c c c c2 c3
é 1 p q ù é 1 - p -q ù
ê ú ê [2008-I]
41. If the inverse of ê 0 x 0 ú is ê0 1 0 úú then what is 47. If x2 + y2 + z2 = 1, then what is the value of
êë 0 0 1 úû êë0 0 1 úû
1 z -y
the value of x ? -z 1 x =?
(a) 1 (b) Zero
y -x 1
1 1
+ (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) – 1 (d) p q [2007-II]
(c) 2 (d) 2 – 2xyz [2008-I]
é4 11ù é3 2 ù 48. If | An× n | = 3 and | adj A | = 243, what is the value of n ?
42. If AB = ê ú and A = ê ú , then what is the value of (a) 4 (b) 5
ë4 5 û ë1 2 û (c) 6 (d) 7 [2008-I]
the determinant of the matrix B ? 49. Under what condition does A (BC) = (AB) C hold, where A,
(a) 4 (b) – 6 B, C are three matrices ?
1 (a) AB and BC both must exist
(c) - (d) – 28 [2007-II] (b) Only Ab must exist
4
43. The determinant (c) Only BC must exist
(d) Always true [2008-I]
a +b+c a+b a 50. If A is matrix of order 3 × 2 and B is matrix of order 2 × 3, then
4a + 3b + 2c 3a + 2b 2a what is | kAB | equal to (where k is any scalar quantity)?
(a) k | AB | (b) k 2 | AB |
10a + 6b + 3c 6a + 3b 3a 3
(c) k | AB | (d) | AB | [2008-I]
is independent of which one of the following? –1
(a) a and b (b) b and c é 5 0 ù é x ù é -1ù
51. If ê ú ê ú = ê ú , then which one of the following
(c) a and c (d) All of these [2007-II] ë0 7û ë-yû ë 2 û
é 1 -2 ù is correct ?
44. If X = ê 2
0 3 ú , and I is a 2 × 2 identity matrix, then X – 2X (a) x = 5, y = 14 (b) x = – 5, y = 14
ë û (c) x = – 5, y = – 14 (d) x = 5, y = – 14 [2008-I]
+ 3I equals to which one of the following ? 52. Which one of the following statements is correct ? The
(a) – I (b) –2X system of linear equations,
(c) 2X (d) 4X [2008-I] 2x + 3y = 4 and 4x + 6y = 7, has
45. If the matrix B is the adjoint of the square matrix A and a is (a) no solution
the value of the determinant of A, then what is AB equal to (b) a unique solution
? (c) exactly 3 solutions
æ1ö (d) an infinite number of solutions [2008-I]
(a) a (b) ç ÷I 53. Suppose the system of equations
èaø
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1
(c) I (d) aI [2008-I]
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2
where I is identity matrix
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3
46. What is the determinant
has a unique solution (x0, y0, z0). If x0 = 0, then which one of
bc a a2 the following is correct ?
a1 b1 c1 d1 b1 c1
ca b b2 equal to ?
(a) a 2 b2 c2 = 0 (b) d 2 b2 c2 = 0
ab c c2 d 3 b3 c 3
a
3 b c 3 3
2 3 d1 a1 c1 d1 a1 b1
1 a a
1 a a2 d2 a2 b2 = 0
1 b2 b3 (c) d2 a2 c2 = 0 (d)
(a) 1 b b2 (b)
d3 a3 c3 d3 a3 b3
1 c2 c3
1 c c2 [2008-I]
Matrices and Determinants M-417

54. If a, b, c are in GP, then what is the value of 62. Under which one of the following condition does the system
of equations [2009-I]
a b a+b kx + y + z = k – 1
b c b+c ? x + ky + z = k – 1
a+b b+c 0 x + y + kz = k – 1
have no solution?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) k = 1 (b) k ¹ –2
(c) – 1 (d) None of these [2008-I] (c) k = 1 or k = – 2 (d) k = – 2
é a 0ù é1 2 ù éa 0ù
55. If adj A = ê ú and ab ¹ 0, then what is the value of 63. Let A = ê ú and B = ê ú where a, b are natural
ë –1 b û ë3 4û ë0 bû
A –1 ? [2008-II]
numbers, then which one of the following is correct?
(a) 1 (b) ab [2009-I]
(c) 1/ ab (d) 1/ab (a) There exist more than one but finite number of B’s such
56. If l + m + n = 0, then the system of equations [2008-II] that AB = BA
–2x + y + z = l (b) There exists exactly one B such that AB = BA
(c) There exist infinitely many B’s such that AB = BA
x – 2y + z = m
(d) There cannot exist any B such that AB = BA
x + y – 2z = n
has é3 4 0 ù
ê ú
(a) a trivial solution (b) no solution 64. Consider a matrix M = ê2 1 0 ú and the following
(c) a unique solution (d) infinitely many solutions êë3 1 k úû
57. If (a1/x) + (b1/y) = c1, (a2/x) + (b2/y) = c2 [2008-II]
statements
a b1 b c1 c a1 Statement A : Inverse of M exists.
D1 = 1 , D2 = 1 , D3 = 1 ,
a2 b2 b2 c2 c2 a2 Statement B : k ¹ 0
then (x, y) is equal to which one of the following? Which one of the following in respect of the above matrix
(a) ( D2 / D1 , D3 / D1 ) (b) ( D3 / D1 , D2 / D1 ) and statement is correct? [2009-I]
(a) A implies B, but B does not imply A
(c) ( -D1 / D2 , - D1 / D3 ) (d) ( – D1 / D 2 , – D1 / D3 ) (b) B implies A, but A does not imply B
sin10° – cos10° (c) Neither A implies B nor B implies A
58. What is the value of sin 80° cos80° ? [2008-II] (d) A implies B as well as B implies A
y x y+z
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) 1/2 65. If z y x + y = 0 , then which one of the following is
x z z+x
2 4 0
correct? [2009-I]
59. If 0 5 16 = 20, then what is the value of p? (a) Either x + y = z or x = y
0 0 1+ p (b) Either x + y = – z or x = z
(c) Either x + z = y or z = y
[2008-II] (d) Either z + y = x or x = y
(a) 0 (b) 1 66. What is the value of k, if [2009-I]
(c) 2 (d) 5
k b + c b2 + c2
60. If A and B are two matrices such that AB = A and BA = B,
then which one of the following is correct? [2008-II] k c + a c 2 + a 2 = (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)?
(a) (AT)2 = AT (b) (AT)2 = BT k a + b a2 + b2
(c) (AT)2 = (A–1)–1 (d) None of the above (a) 1 (b) –1
é 1 3ù é1 –1ù (c) 2 (d) 0
61. If ê ú A= ê ú , then what is the matrix A? [2008-II] 67. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the matrix
ë 0 1û ë0 1 û [2009-I]
é1 –3ù é 2 2ù é 0 0 –1ù
ê0 1 ú ê 0 2ú
A = êê 0 –1 0 úú ?
(a) (b)
ë û ë û
êë –1 0 0 úû
é –4 –1ù é1 –4 ù
ê1 (a) A–1 does not exist
0 úû ê0 1 ú
(c) (d) (b) A = (–1) I
ë ë û (c) A is a unit matrix (d) A2 = I
 EBD_7346
M-418 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

é3 2 ù é 1 3ù é1 3ù
68. If A = ê ú , then what is A (adj A) equal to ? [2009-I] (a) ê -2 1ú (b) ê 2 1ú
ë1 4 û ë û ë û

é 0 10 ù é10 0 ù é 3 2ù é3 2 ù
(a) ê10 0 ú (b) ê 0 10ú (c) ê -1 5ú (d) ê1 -5ú
ë û ë û ë û ë û
é 1 10 ù é10 1 ù 73. If a, b, c, are non-zero real numbers and [2009-II]
(c) ê10 1 ú (d) ê 1 10 ú
ë û ë û é1 + a 1 1 ù
ê 1 1+ b 1 úú
é0 0 1 ù ê = 0,
ê ú êë 1 1 1 + c úû
69. What is the inverse of ê0 1 0ú ? [2009-I]
êë1 0 0úû
1 1 1
then what is the value of + + ?
a b c
é1 0 0ù é0 0 1 ù (a) 2 (b) 1
ê0 1 0ú ê0 1 0ú
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú (c) –1 (d) 0
ëê0 0 1 úû ëê1 0 0úû 74. If a matrix A is symmetric as well as anti-symmetric, then
which one of the following is correct? [2009-II]
é –1 0 1 ù é 0 0 –1ù (a) A is a diagonal matrix (b) A is a null matrix
ê 0 –1 0 ú ê 0 –1 0 ú (c) A is a unit matrix (d) A is a triangular matrix
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú
êë 0 0 –1úû êë –1 0 0 úû é 1 -2 -3ù
ê ú
70. Consider the following statements in respect of symmetric 75. If A = ê 2 1 -2ú , then which one of the following is
matrices A and B [2009-I] êë 3 2 1 úû
1. AB is symmetric.
correct? [2009-II]
2. A2 + B2 is symmetric. (a) A is symmetric matrix
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? (b) A is anti- symmetric matrix
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) A is singular matrix
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) A is non-singular matrix
71. The following item consists of two statements, one labelled
the Assertion (A) and the other labelled the Reason (R). 2a 3r x a r x
You are to examine these two statements carefully and 76. A = 4b 6s 2y = l b s y , then what is the value
decide if the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are individually -2c -3t - z c t z
true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation
of the Assertion. Select your answer using the codes given of l ? [2009-II]
below. (a) 12 (b) –12
(c) 7 (d) –7
é5 10 ù
Assertion (A) : M = ê ú is invertible. [2009-I]
ë4 8 û 1- i w2 –w
Reason (R) : M is singular. 2
77. What is the value of w +i w -i , where w
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
2 2
of A 1 - 2i - w w -w i-w
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A is the cube root of unity? [2009-II]
(c) A is true but R is false (a) –1 (b) 1
(d) A is false but R is true (c) 2 (d) 0

éw 0 ù
72. If X and Y are the matrices of order 2 × 2 each and 78. If A = ê ú , where w is cube root of unity, then what is
ë 0 wû
é -7 0 ù é9 13ù A100 equal to? [2009-II]
2 X - 3Y = ê ú and 3 X + 2Y = ê ú , then what
ë 7 -13û ë4 13û (a) A (b) –A
is Y equal to? [2009-II] (c) Null matrix (d) Identity matrix
Matrices and Determinants M-419

79. A matrix X has (a + b) rows and (a + 2) columns; and a matrix

1 3
Y has (b + 1) rows and (a + 3) columns. If both XY and YX (a) (b)
exist, then what are the values of a, b respectively? 4 2
[2009-II] 1 3
(a) 3, 2 (b) 2, 3 (c) - (d) -
4 4
(c) 2, 4 (d) 4, 3 86. Let A be an n × n matrix. If det (lA) = ls det (A), what is the
value of s? [2010-I]
a b c
(a) 0 (b) 1
l m n (c) –1 (d) n
80. If = 2, then what is the value of the determinant
p q r 87. If A be a real skew- symmetric matrix of order n such that
A2 + I = 0, I being the identity matrix of the same order as that
6a 3b 15c of A, then what is the order of A? [2010-I]
(a) 3 (b) Odd
2l m 5n ?
[2010-I] (c) Prime number (d) Even
2p q 5r
é1 2 ù
(a) 10 (b) 20 88. Let A = ê ú = éë aij ùû , where i, j = 1, 2, If its inverse matrix
ë3 4û
(c) 40 (d) 60
is éëbij ùû , what is b22 ? [2010-I]
é5 6 1ù
Let A = ê
–1 5 úû
81. . Let there exist a matrix B such that (a) –2 (b) 1
ë2
3 1
é 35 49 ù (c) (d) -
AB = ê ú . What is B equal to? [2010-I] 2 2
ë 29 13 û
é 1 -3 2 ù
é5 1 4 ù é 2 6 3ù ê 2 -8 5 ú
(a) ê 2 6 3ú (b) ê5 1 4 ú 89. If ê ú is not an invertible matrix, then what is the
ë û ë û êë 4 2 l úû
value of l? [2010-II]
é 5 2ù é 2 5ù
ê1 6ú ê 6 1ú (a) –1 (b) 0
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú (c) 1 (d) 2
ëê 4 3úû ëê 3 4úû
é 0 1ù éi 0 ù é 0 -i ù
82. Consider the following statements [2010-I] 90. If A = ê ú , B= ê ú , C=ê ú,
ë -1 0 û ë0 -i û ë -i 0 û
1. If A¢ = A; then A is a singular matrix, where A ¢ is the then which one of the following is not correct? [2010-II]
transpose of A. (a) A2 = B2 (b) B2 = C2
2. If A is a square matrix such that A3 = I, then A is (c) AB = C (d) AB = BA
non- singular.
6i -3i 1
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
91. If x + iy = 4 3i -1 , then what is x – iy equal to?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 20 3 i
83. If the system of equations 2x + 3y = 7 and 2ax + (a + b) y = 28 (a) 3 + i (b) 1 + 3i [2010-II]
has infinitely many solutions, then which one of the following (c) 3i (d) 0
is correct? [2010-I] 92. If |A| = 8, where A is square matrix of order 3, then what is
(a) a = 2b (b) b = 2a |adj A| equal to? [2010-II]
(c) a = –2b (d) b = –2a (a) 16 (b) 24
84. If the lines 3y + 4x =1, y = x + 5 and 5y + bx = 3 are concurrent, (c) 64 (d) 512
then what is the value of b? [2010-I] 93. Consider the following statements in respect of a square
(a) 1 (b) 3 matrix A and its transpose AT. [2010-II]
T
1. A + A is always symmetric.
(c) 6 (d) 0
85. What is the value of [2010-I] 2. A – AT is always anti-symmetric
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
cos15° sin15° cos 45° cos15° (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
´ ?
cos 45° sin 45° sin 45° sin15° (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
 EBD_7346
M-420 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
94. If a matrix A is such that [2010-II] 102. Find the value of k in which the system of equations
3A3 + 2A2 + 5A + I = 0, kx + 2y = 5 and 3x + y = 1 has no solution? [2011-I]
Then what is A–1 equal to? (a) 0 (b) 3
(a) – (3A2 + 2A + 5) (b) 3A2 + 2A + 5I (c) 6 (d) 15
2
(c) 3A – 2A – 5I (d) (3A2 + 2A – 5I) 103. If the matrix
95. Let A and B be matrices of order 3 × 3. If AB = 0, then which
of the following can be concluded? [2010-II] éa b ù
A=ê ú
(a) A = 0 and B = 0 (b) |A| = 0 and |B| = 0 ëb aû
(c) Either |A| = 0 or |B| = 0 (d) Either A = 0 or B = 0 is such that A2 = I, then which one of the following is correct?
96. If A is a square matrix, then what is adj AT – (adj A)T equal [2011-I]
to? [2010-II]
(a) a = 0, b = 1 or a = 1, b = 0
(a) 2 |A| (b) 2 |A| I
(b) a = 0, b ¹ 1 or a ¹ 1, b = 1
(c) Null Matrix (d) Unit Matrix
97. What is the value of (c) a = 1, b ¹ 0 or a ¹ 1, b = 1
(d) a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0
1 w 2w 2
éa 0ù é 1 0ù
2 2w 2 3
4w , 104. If A = ê ú and B = ê2 1ú
ë 1 1û ë û
3
3 3w 6w 4 such that A2 = B, then what is the value of a? [2011-I]
(a) – 1 (b) 1
where w is the cube root of unity? [2010-II]
(c) 2 (d) 4
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3 é3 1ù é1 1 ù
98. If the matrix 105. A = ê ú and B = ê 0 2 ú , then which of the
ë 0 4û ë û
é2 - x 1 1ù following is/are correct? [2011-I]
ê
A=ê 1 3 - x 0 úú I. AB is defined II. BA is defined
êë -1 -3 - x úû III. AB = BA
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
is singular, then what is the solution set S ? [2011-I] (a) Only I (b) Only II
(a) S = {0, 2, 3} (b) S = {– 1, 2, 3}
(c) Both I and II (d) I, II and III
(c) S = {1, 2, 3} (d) S = {2, 3}
106. The simultaneous equations 3x + 5y = 7 and 6x + 10y = 18
99. Consider the following statements. [2011-I]
have [2011-II]
I. The inverse of a square matrix, if it exists, is unique.
(a) no solution
II. If A and B are singular matrices of order n, then AB is
also a singular matrix of order n. (b) infinitely many solutions
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (c) unique solution
(a) Only I (b) Only II (d) any finite number of solutions
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
x a 1
100. What is the value of the determinant [2011-I]
107. The roots of the equation b x 1 = 0 are independent of
x +1 x+2 x+4 b g 1
x+3 x+5 x+8 ?
[2011-II]
x+7 x + 10 x + 14
(a) a (b) b
(a) x + 2 (b) x2 + 2 (c) g (d) a, b and g
(c) 2 (d) – 2 108. What is the value of the determinant
101. If 5 and 7 are the roots of the equation
a -b b+ c a
x 4 5
b-c c+a b
7 x 7 ? [2011-II]
= 0, then what is the third root? [2011-I] c-a a+b c
5 8 x
(a) – 12 (b) 9 (a) a3 + b3 + c3 (b) 3bc
(c) 13 (d) 14 (c) a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc (d) 0
Matrices and Determinants M-421

p -q 0
-a 2 ab ac
109. If 0 p q = 0 , then which one of the following is
ab -b2 bc
q 0 p 116. What is equal to? [2012-I]
ac bc - c2
correct? [2011-II]
(a) p is one of the cube roots of unity
(a) 4abc (b) 4a 2bc
(b) q is one of the cube roots of unity
(c) 4a 2 b2 c2 (d) – 4a2b2c2
p 117. A and B are two matrices such that AB = A and BA = B then
(c) is one of the cube roots of unity
q what is B2 equal to? [2012-I]
(d) None of the above (a) B (b) A
(c) I (d) – I
1+ a 1 1
where I is the identity matrix
110. If a–1 + b–1 + c–1 = 0 such that 1 1+ b 1 = l, 118. The sum and product of matrices A and B exist. Which of the
1 1 1+ c following implications are necessarily true?
then what is l equal to? [2011-II] 1. A and B are square matrices of same order.
(a) – abc (b) abc 2. A and B are non-singular matrices
(c) 0 (d) 1 Select the correct answer using the code given below:
111. Consider the following statements in respect of the square (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
matrices A and B of same order: [2011-II] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1. A and B are non-zero and AB = 0 Þ 119. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = I where I is the identity
either A = 0 or B = 0 matrix, then what is A–1 equal to? [2012-I]
(a) A + 1 (b) Null matrix
2. AB = 0 Þ A = 0 or B = 0
(c) A (d) Transpose of A
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
120. If two rows of a determinant are identical, then what is the
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
value of the determinant? [2012-I]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
112. For what value of x does (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) – 1 (d) can be any real value
æ 1 3 0 öæ 0 ö
(1 3 2 ) çç 3 0 2 ÷ç ÷
÷ç 3 ÷ = (0) hold? [2011-II]
8 -5 1
ç 2 0 1 ÷ç x ÷ 121. If 5 x 1 = 2 then what is the value of x? [2012-I]
è øè ø
6 3 1
(a) – 1 (b) 1
(c) 9/8 (d) – 9/8 (a) 4 (b) 5
113. Consider the following statements: [2012-I] (c) 6 (d) 8
1. every zero matrix is a square matrix. 122. What is the order of the product
2. A matrix has a numerical value.
3. A unit matrix is a diagonal matrix. éa h g ù é x ù
Which of the above statements is/are correct? [x y z ] êê h b f úú êê y úú
? [2012-I]
(a) 2 only (b) 3 only êë g f c úû êë z úû
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
114. If a matrix A has inverses B and C, then which one of the (a) 3 × 1 (b) 1 × 1
following is correct? [2012-I] (c) 1 × 3 (d) 3 × 3
(a) B may not be equal to C
(b) B should be equal to C é1 2 ù é0 -1ù
ú and B = ê1 2 ú , then what is B A equal
123. If A = ê –1 –1
(c) B and C should be unit matrices ë1 1 û ë û
(d) None of the above to? [2012-I]
æ1 2ö æ1 0 ö é 1 -3ù é -1 3 ù
115. If A = ç ÷ and B = ç ÷ then what is determinant of
è 2 3ø è1 0 ø (a) ê -1 2 ú (b) ê 1 -2 ú
ë û ë û
AB? [2012-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 é -1 3 ù é -1 -3 ù
(c) 10 (d) 2 0 (c) ê -1 -2 ú (d) ê 1 -2 ú
ë û ë û
 EBD_7346
M-422 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
124. If each element in a row of a determinant is multiplied by the 132. If A and B are two non-singular square matrices such that
same factor r, then the value of the determinant : [2012-II] AB = A, then which one of the following is correct?
(a) is multiplied by r3. (b) is increased by 3r [2013-I]
(c) remains unchanged (d) is multiplied by r –1
(a) B is an identity matrix (b) B = A
125. The inverse of a diagonal matrix is a: [2012-II]
(a) symmetric matrix (b) skew-symmetric matrix (c) B = A2 (d) Determinant of B is zero
(c) diagonal matrix (d) None of the above 133. What is the value of the minor of the element 9 in the
determinant
é3 4ù
é3 5 7 ù 10 19 2
126. If A = êê 5 6 úú and B = ê ú , then which one of the
ë4 6 8 û 0 13 1
? [2013-I]
êë7 8 úû
9 24 2
following is correct ? [2012-II] (a) – 9 (b) – 7
(a) B is the inverse of A (b) B is the adjoint of A
(c) 7 (d) 0
(c) B is the transpose of A (d) None of the above

éz ù 1 t -1 1
é x ù é yù
ê ú 134. The roots of the equation t - 1 1 1 = 0 are
127. If the sum of the matrices ê x ú , ê y ú and ê 0ú is the matrix
ê ú ê ú 1 1 t -1
êë y úû êë z úû êë 0úû

(a) 1, 2 (b) –1, 2 [2013-I]

é10ù
ê 5 ú, (c) 1, –2 (d) –1, –2
ê ú then what is the value of y ? [2012-II]
êë 5 úû m n p
(a) – 5 (b) 0 135. The value of the determinant p m n [2013-I]
(c) 5 (d) 10 n p m
128. If the matrix AB is a zero matrix, then which one of the
following is correct ? [2012-II] (a) is a perfect cube (b) is a perfect square
(a) A must be equal to zero matrix or B must be equal to (c) has linear factor (d) is zero
zero matrix. 136. The determinant of a orthogonal matrix is: [2013-I]
(b) A must be equal to zero matrix and B must be equal to
(a) ± 1 (b) 2
zero matrix.
(c) It is not necessary that either A is zero matrix or B is (c) 0 (d) ± 2
zero matrix. 137. If D is determinant of order 3 and D¢ is the determinant
(d) None of the above obtained by replacing the elements of D by their cofactors,
then which one of the following is correct? [2013-I]
é a 2 2ù 2 3
(a) D¢ = D (b) D¢ = D
129. If the matrix ê -3 0 4ú is not invertible, then :
ê ú (c) D¢ = 2D 2 (d) D¢ = 3D3
êë 1 -1 1 úû
138. Consider the following statements:
(a) a = – 5 (b) a = 5 [2012-II] 1. A matrix is not a number
(c) a = 0 (d) a = 1
2. Two determinants of different order may have the same
x 2 1 y2 + z 2 value.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2013-I]
130. The value of the determinant y2 1 z 2 + x 2 is : [2012-II]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
z2 1 x 2 + y2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 0 (b) x2 + y2 + z2 139. Consider the following statements : [2013-II]
2 2
(c) x + y + z + 12 (d) None of the above 1. The product of two non-zero matrices can never be
identity matrix.
131. A square matrix [aij] such that aij = 0 for i ¹ j and aij = k where
2. The product of two non-zero matrices can never be
k is a constant for i = j is called : [2012-II] zero matrix.
(a) diagonal matrix, but not scalar matrix Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(b) scalar matrix (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) unit matrix (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1nor 2
(d) None of the above
Matrices and Determinants M-423

140. Consider the following statements : [2013-II] (a) 0 (b) abc

(c) ab + bc + ca (d) abc (a+b+c)
æ 1 2 1ö
147. Consider the following statements in respect of the matrix
1. The matrix ç a 2a 1÷ is singular..
ç ÷
è b 2b 1ø é0 1 2ù
ê -1 0 -3ú
æ c 2c 1ö A= ê ú [2014-I]
êë -2 3 0 úû
2. The matrix ç a 2a 1÷ is non-singular..
ç ÷ 1. The matrix A is skew-symmetric.
è b 2b 1ø
2. The matrix A is symmetric.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? 3. The matrix A is invertible.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1 only (b) 3 only
141. The cofactor of the element 4 in the determinant
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
1 2 3
é 1 2ù
4 5 6 is [2013-II] é 1 2 -4 ù
148. Consider two matrices A = êê 2 1úú and B = ê ú.
5 8 9 ë 2 1 -4 û
ëê 1 1úû
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) –6 Which one of the following is correct ? [2014-I]
(a) B is the right inverse of A
142. If A is a square matrix of order 3 with A ¹ 0 , then which one
(b) B is the left inverse of A
of the following is correct ? [2013-II] (c) B is the both sided inverse of A
2
(a) adjA = A (b) adjA = A (d) None of the above
149. One of the roots of [2014-I]
3 2
(c) adjA = A (d) adjA = A
x+a b c
æi 0 ö æ 0 -1ö æ0 i ö a x+b c = 0 is :
143. If A = ç ÷,B = ç ÷ ,C = ç ÷
è 0 -i ø è1 0 ø è i 0ø a b x+c
where i = -1 , then which one of the following is correct ?
(a) abc (b) a + b + c
[2013-II]
(c) –(a + b + c) (d) –abc
(a) AB = – C
150. If A is any matrix, then the product AA is defined only when
(b) AB = C
A is a matrix of order m × n where : [2014-I]
(c) A2 = B2 = C2 = I, where I is the identity matrix
(a) m > n (b) m < n
(d) BA ¹ C
(c) m = n (d) m £ n
æ 2 1ö 151. The determinant of an odd order skew symmetric matrix is
144. If 2 A = ç , then what is A–1 equal to ? [2013-II]
è 3 2÷ø always : [2014-I]
æ 2 -1ö 1 æ 2 -1ö (a) Zero (b) One
(a) çè -3 2 ÷ø (b) 2 çè -3 2 ÷ø
(c) Negative (d) Depends on the matrix
152. If any two adjacent rows or columns of a determinant are
1 æ 2 -1ö intercharged in position, the value of the determinant :
4 çè -3 2 ÷ø
(c) (d) None of these [2014-I]
(a) Becomes zero (b) Remains the same
æ 2 3ö æ 5 -2ö æ 1 -1ö
145. If ç ´ = , then what is l equal to ? (c) Changes its sign (d) Is doubled
è 4 1÷ø çè -3 1 ÷ø çè17 l ÷ø
153. If a ¹ b ¹ c are all positive, then the value of the determinant
[2013-II]
(a) 7 (b) –7 a b c
(c) 9 (d) –9 b c a is [2014-II]
146. What is the value of the determinant [2013-II]
c a b
1 bc a(b + c)
(a) non-negative (b) non-positive
1 ca b(c + a) ?
(c) negative (d) positive
1 ab c(a + b)
 EBD_7346
M-424 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
154. Let A and B be two matrices such that AB =A and BA = B.
a
Which of the following statements are correct ? [2014-II] (a) is one of the cube roots of unity..
1. A2 = A b
2. B2 = B
a
3. (AB)2 = AB (b) is one of the cube roots of –1.
b
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) a is one of the cube roots of unity.
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) b is one of the cube roots of unity.
162. If A and B are square matrices of second order such that
6i -3i 1
|A| = –1, |B| = 3, then what is |3AB| equal to ? [2014-II]
155. If 4 3i -1 = x + iy, where i = -1 , then what is x (a) 3 (b) –9
20 3 i (c) –27 (d) None of these
equal to ? [2014-II] 163. Which one of the following matrices is an elementary matrix?
(a) 3 (b) 2 [2015-I]
(c) 1 (d) 0
é1 0 0ù é1 5 0ù
æ 1 3ö æ1 1 ö ê0 0 0ú ê0 1 0ú
156. If the matrix A is such that ç ÷ A=ç ,then what
è 0 1ø è 0 -1÷ø (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
êë0 0 1 úû êë0 0 1 úû
is A equal to ? [2014-II]
æ1 4 ö æ 1 4ö é0 2 0 ù é1 0 0 ù
(a) çè 0 -1÷ø (b) çè 0 1÷ø ê1 0 0 ú ê0 1 0 ú
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú
êë0 0 1 úû êë0 5 2 úû
æ -1 4 ö æ 1 -4ö
(c) çè 0 -1÷ø (d) çè 0 -1÷ø
é2 7 ù
157. Consider the following statements : [2014-II] 164. If A = ê1 5 ú then that is A + 3A–1 equal to? [2015-I]
1. Determinant is a square matrix. ë û
2. Determinant is a number associated with a square matrix. (a) 3I (b) 5I
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (c) 7I (d) None of these
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only where I is the identity matrix order 2.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1nor 2
é 0 -4 + i ù
158. If A is an invertible matrix, then what is det (A–1) equal to ? 165. The matrix ê
0 úû
is [2015-I]
[2014-II] ë4 + i
(a) symmetric (b) skew-symmetric
1
(a) det A (b) (c) Hermitian (d) skew-Hermitian
det A
166. Consider the following in respect of two non-singular
(c) 1 (d) None of the above
matrices A and B of same order: [2015-I]
159. From the matrix equation AB = AC, Where A, B, C are the
1. det (A + B) = det A + det B
square matrices of same order, we can conclude B = C
provided [2014-II] 2. (A + B)–1 = A–1 + B –1
(a) A is non-singular. (b) A is singular. Which of the above is/are correct?
(c) A is symmetric. (d) A is skew symmetric. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
æ 4 x + 2ö
160. If A = ç 2 x - 3 x + 1÷ is symmetric, then what is x equal é3 - 4 ù é 5 2ù ép qù
è ø X =ê ú , B = ê -2 1 ú and A = ê r s úû
167. If satisfy
ë 1 -1 û ë û ë
to ? [2014-II]
(a) 2 (b) 3 the equation AX = B, then the matrix A is equal to [2015-I]
(c) –1 (d) 5
é -7 26 ù é7 26 ù
a b 0 (a) ê 1 -5 ú (b) ê 4 17 ú
ë û ë û
161. If 0 a b = 0 , then which one of the following is correct ?
b 0 a é -7 -4 ù é -7 26 ù
(c) ê 26 13 ú (d) ê -6 23 ú
ë û ë û
[2014-II]
Matrices and Determinants M-425

168. Let Which of the above statements is/ are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
éx + y y ù é2ù é 3ù
A=ê ú , B = ê ú and C = ê ú (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
ë 2x x - yû ë -1û ë 2û
2 é 1 0 -2 ù
If AB = C, then what is A equal to? [2015-I] 174. If A = ê 2 -3 4 ú , then the matrix X for which 2X + 3A =
ë û
é 6 -10ù é -10 5 ù
(a) ê 4 26 ú (b) ê ú 0 holds true is [2015-II]
ë û ë 4 24û
é 3 ù é3 ù
é -5 -6 ù é -5 -7 ù ê- 2 0 -3ú ê2 0 -3ú
(c) ê -4 -20 ú (d) ê -5 20 ú ê ú ê ú
ë û ë û (a) 9 (b) 9
ê -3 - -6ú ê3 - -6 ú
169. The value of êë 2 úû êë 2 úû
1 1 1
é3 ù é 3 ù
1 1+ x 1 ê2 0 3ú ê- 2 0 3ú
is [2015-I]
1 1 1+ y (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
9 ê -3 9
ê3 6ú -6 ú
(a) x+y (b) x – y êë 2 úû ëê 2 ûú
(c) xy (d) 1 + x + y
é 1 1 -1ù é -1 -2 -1ù
é cos q sin q ù ê ú
170. If E ( q ) = ê ú , then E (a) E (b) is equal to 175. If A = ê 2 -3 4 ú and B = ê 6 12 6 ú then which of
ë - sin q cos q û ê ú
êë 3 -2 3 úû êë 5 10 5 úû
[2015-I]
(a) E (ab) the following is/are correct ? [2015-II]
(b) E (a - b)
1. A and B commute.
(c) E (a + b) (d) - E (a + b) 2. AB is a null matrix.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
é1 3 2 ù
ê1 x - 1 ú (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
171. The matrix A = ê 1 ú will have inverse for every (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
êë 2 7 x - 3úû 176. If A is an invertible matrix of order n and k is any positive real
number, then the value of [det(kA)]–1 det A is [2015-II]
real number x except for [2015-II]
(a) k–n (b) k–1
11 ± 5 9± 5 (c) k n (d) nk
(a) x= (b) x =
2 2 é 1 2 3ù
11 ± 3 9± 3 177. If A is an orthogonal matrix of order 3 and B = êê -3 0 2úú ,
(c) x= (d) x =
2 2 êë 2 5 0 úû
a 1 1 then which of the following is/are correct ? [2015-II]
172. If the value of the determinant 1 b 1 is positive, where 1. |AB| = ± 47
2. AB = BA
1 1 c
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
a ¹ b ¹ c, then the value of abc [2015-II] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) cannot be less than 1 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) is greater than –8
178. If a, b, c are real numbers, then the value of the determinant
(c) is less than –8
(d) must be greater than 8 1- a a - b - c b + c
173. Consider the following statements in respect of the 1 - b b - c - a c + a is [2015-II]
determinant [2015-II]
1- c c - a - b a + b
2a a
cos sin 2 (a) 0 (b) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
2 2 (c) (a + b + c)2 (d) (a + b + c)3
b b
sin 2 cos 2 DIRECTIONS (Qs. 179 - 180) : For the next two (2) items
2 2 that follow.
where a, b are complementary angles
Consider the function
1. The value of the determinant is
1 æ a - bö .
cos ç
2 è 2 ÷ø x3 sin x cos x
1 f (x) = 6 -1 0 ,
2. The maximum value of the determinant is . 2
where p is a constant.
2 p p p3
 EBD_7346
M-426 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
179. What is the value of f '(0)? [2016-I] (a) [ax + hy + gz h + b + f g+ f+ c]
(a) p 3 (b) 3p3
éa h g ù
(c) 6p3 (d) –6p3
(b) ê hx by fz ú
180. What is the value of p for which f ''(0) = 0? [2016-I] ê ú
êëg f c úû
1
(a) – or 0 (b) –1 or 0
6
é ax + hy + gz ù
1 (c) ê hx + by + fz ú
(c) – or 1 (d) –1 or 1 ê ú
6 êë gx + fy + cz úû
181. If A is a square matrix, then what is adj(A–1) – (adj A)–1
equal to? [2016-I] (d) [ax+ hy+ gz hx+ by+ fz gx + fy+ cz ]
(a) 2|A| (b) Null matrix DIRECTIONS (Qs. 187-188) : Consider the following for the
(c) Unit matrix (d) None of the above
next two (02) items that follow:
182. Consider the following in respect of the matrix
[2016-II]
æ -1 1 ö
A= ç ÷: [2016-I]
è 1 -1 ø x +1 2x 3x
3 2
1. A2 = –A Let ax + bx + cx + d = 2x +3 x +1 x then
2. A3 = 4A 2 – x 3x + 4 5x –1
Which of the above is/are correct? 187. What is the value of c?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) – 1 (b) 34
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 35 (d) 50
183. Which of the following determinants have value ‘zero’?
188. What is the value of a + b + c + d ?
[2016-I]
(a) 62 (b) 63
41 1 5 (c) 65 (d) 68
79 7 9
1.
29 5 3 é1 0 ù é 0 1ù
189. If m= ê ú and n = ê ú , then what is the value of the
ë 0 1û ë –1 0 û
1 a b+c determinant of m cosq – n sinq ? [2016-II]
1 b c+a (a) – 1 (b) 0
2.
1 c a+b (c) 1 (d) 2

0 c b é cos x – sinx 0 ù
-c 0 a ê ú
3. 190. If f{x}= êsinx cosx 0 ú , then which of the following are
-b -a 0 êë 0 0 1úû
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
correct ? [2016-II]
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 1. f ( θ ) ×f ( f) = f ( θ + f )
184. The system of linear equations kx + y + z =1, x + ky + z = 1 and
x + y + kz = 1 has a unique solution under which one of the 2. The value of the determinant of the matrix f(q) ´ f(f) is 1.
following conditions? [2016-I] 3. The determinant of f(x) is an even function.
(a) k ¹ 1 and k ¹ - 2 (b) k ¹ 1 and k ¹ 2 Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) k ¹ - 1 and k ¹ - 2 (d) k ¹ - 1 and k ¹ 2
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
185. If A is semy square matrix of order 3 and det A= 5, then what
191. Which of the following are correct in respect of the system
is det[(2A)–1] equal to? [2016-II]
(a) 1/10 (b) 2/5 of equations x + y + z =8, x –y +2z = 6 and 3x –y +5z = k?
(c) 8/5 (d) 1/40 1. They have no solution. if k = 15. [2016-II]
2. They have infinitely many solutions, if k = 20.
éa h g ù
3. They have unique solution, if k = 25
186. What is [x y z] ê h b f ú equal to ? [2016-II]
ê ú Select the correct answer using the code given below:
êë g f c úû
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Matrices and Determinants M-427

é1 – 1ù é 2 3ù éx + y y ù é3 ù é4 ù
192. A = ê ú and B= ê ú , then which of the following 200. A = ê x ú
x - yû
, B = ê ú and C = ê -2ú .
ë2 3û ë –1 – 2 û ë ë -2 û ë û
is/are correct? [2016-II] If AB = C, then what is A2 equal to? [2017-I]
–1 –1
1. AB(A B ) is a unit matrix. é4 8 ù é 4 -4 ù
(a) ê -4 -16 ú (b) ê8 -16ú
ë û ë û
2. ( AB) –1
= A –1B–1
Select the correct answer using the code given below: é -4 -8ù é -4 -8ù
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c)ê 4 12 ú (d) ê 8 12 ú
ë û ë û
(c) Both 1 only 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
201. What is the value of the determinant [2017-I]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 193-194) : Consider the following for the
next two (02) items that follow: 1 1 1
For the system of linear equations 2x + 3y + 5z = 9, 7x + 3y – 1 1 + xyz 1 ?
2z = 8 and 2x + 3y + lz = µ [2016-II] 1 1 1 + xyz
193. Under what condition does the above system of equations
have infinitely many solutions ? (a) 1 + x + y + z (b) 2xyz
(c) x2y2z2 (d) 2x2y2z2
(a) l = 5 and m ¹ 9 (b) l =5 and m = 9
(c) l = 9 and m = 5 (d) l = 9 and m ¹ 5 x y 0
194. Under what condition does the above system of equations 202. If 0 x y = 0, then which one of the following is correct?
have unique solutions? [2016-II] y 0 x
[2017-I]
(a) l =5 and m = 9
(b) l ¹ 9 and m = 7 only x
(a) y
is one of the cube roots of unity
(c) l ¹ 5 and m has any real value
(d) l has any real value and m ¹ 9 (b) x is one of the cube roots of unity
(c) y is one of the cube roots of unity
éa 2 ù
195. If A = ê 3
ú and det (A ) = 125, then a is equal to x
ë 2 a û (d) is one of the cube roots of –1
y
(a) ± 1 (b) ± 2 [2017-I] 203. Consider the set A of all matrices of order 3 × 3 with entries
(c) ± 3 (d) ± 5 0 or 1 only. Let B be the subset of A consisting of all matrices
196. If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix, then whose determinant is 1. Let C be the subset of A consisting
the value of det (B–1 AB) is equal to [2017-I] of all matrices whose determinant is –1. Then which one of
(a) det (B) (b) det (A) the following is correct? [2017-I]
(c) det (B–1) (d) det (A–1) (a) C is empty
197. If a ¹ b ¹ c, then one value of x which satisfies the equation (b) B has as many elements as C
0 x -a
x-b (c) A = B È C
(d) B has thrice as many elements as C
x+a x - c = 0 is given by
0 [2017-I]
x+b x+c 0 écos q sin q ù 3
204. If A = ê ú , then what is A equal to?[2017-I]
(a) a (b) b ë - sin q cos q û
(c) c (d) 0
é cos 3q sin 3q ù écos3 q sin 3 q ù
é cos a sin a ù (a) ê - sin 3q cos 3q ú (b) ê ú
198. If A = ê - sin a cos a ú then what is AAT equal to (where ë û êë - sin 3 q cos3 q úû
ë û
T
A is the transpose of A)? [2017-I] é cos3 q
é cos 3q - sin 3q ù - sin 3 q ù
(a) Null matrix (b) Identify matrix
(c) êsin 3q cos 3q úû
(d) ê 3 ú
(c) A (d) –A ë êësin q cos3 q úû
199. The equations [2017-I]
205. What is the order of [2017-I]
x + 2y + 3z = 1
2x + y + 3z = 2 éa h g ù é x ù
5x + 5y + 9z = 4 ( x y z ) êê h b f úú êê y úú ?
(a) have the unique solution êëg f c úû êëz úû
(b) have infinitely many solutions
(c) are inconsistent (a) 3 × 1 (b) 1 × 1
(d) None of the above (c) 1 × 3 (d) 3 × 3
 EBD_7346
M-428 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

é 0 1ù (a) ( a - b )(b - g )( a - g )
206. If A = ê1 0 ú , then the value of A4 is [2017-I]
ë û (b) ( a - b )(b - g )( g - a )
é1 0 ù é1 1 ù (c) ( a - b )(b - g )( g - a )( a + b + g )
(a) ê 0 1ú (b) ê ú (d) 0
ë û ë0 0û
é1 0 2 ù
é0 0ù é 0 1ù ê2 1 0ú
(c) ê1 1 ú (d) ê1 0 ú 213. The adjoint of the matrix A = ê ú is [2017-II]
ë û ë û êë0 3 1úû
207. The matrix A has x rows and x + 5 columns. The matrix B has
é -1 6 2 ù é1 6 - 2ù
y rows and 11 – y columns. Both AB and BA exist. What are ê -2 1 - 4ú ê -2 1 4 úú
the values of x and y respectively? [2017-II] (a) ê ú (b) ê
(a) 8 and 3 (b) 3 and 4 êë6 3 1 úû êë 6 - 3 1 úû
(c) 3 and 8 (d) 8 and 8
é6 1 2ù é -6 2 1 ù
208. If A is a square matrix, then the value of adj AT – (adj A)T is ê4
equal to [2017-II] ê - 1 2úú ê 4 - 2 1ú
(c) (d) ê ú
(a) A êë 6 3 - 1úû êë3 1 - 6 úû
(b) 2 | A | I, where I is the identity matrix
(c) null matrix whose order is same as that of A æ -2 2 ö
(d) unit matrix whose order is same as that of A 214. If A = ç 2 - 2 ÷ , then which one of the following is correct?
è ø
[2017-II]
q q
cos 2 sin 2 (a) A2 = –2A (b) A2 = –4A
2 2 (c) A2 = –3A (d) A2 = 4A
209. The value of the determinant q q for all values
sin 2 cos 2 pa qb rc
2 2
qc ra pb
of q, is [2017-II] 215. If p + q + r = a + b + c = 0, then the determinant
(a) 1 (b) cos q rb pc qa
(c) sin q (d) cos 2q equals [2017-II]
210. If a, b, c are non-zero real numbers, then the inverse of the (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) pa + qb + rc (d) pa + qb + rc + a + b + c
éa 0 0 ù 216. What is the inverse of the matrix [2018-I]
matrix A = êê 0 b 0 úú is equal to [2017-II]
æ cos q sin q 0ö
êë 0 0 c úû
A = ç - sin q cos q 0÷ ?
ç ÷
è 0 0 1ø
é a -1 0 0 ù éa -1 0 0 ù
ê ú 1 ê ú
æ cos q - sin q 0ö æ cos q 0 - sin qö
(a) ê 0 b-1 0 ú (b) ê0 b-1 0 ú
ê ú
abc ê ú ç sin q cos q 0÷ ç 0 1 0 ÷
ê 0 0 c- 1 ú ê0 0 c -1 ú (a) ç ÷ (b) ç ÷
ë û ë û è 0 0 1ø è sin q 0 cos q ø

é1 0 0 ù éa 0 0 ù æ1 0 0 ö æ cos q sin q 0ö
1 ê
0 b 0úú
1 ê
(c) 0 1 0 úú (d)
ç 0 cos q - sin q÷ ç - sin q cos q 0÷
abc ê abc ê (c) ç ÷ (d) ç ÷
êë0 0 1úû êë0 0 c úû è 0 sin q cos q ø è 0 0 1ø
211. The system of equations kx + y + z = 1, x + ky + z = k and 217. If A is a 2 × 3 matrix and AB is a 2 × 5 matrix, then B must be a
x + y + kz = k2 has no solution if k equals [2017-II] [2018-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 3 × 5 matrix (b) 5 × 3 matrix
(c) –1 (d) –2 (c) 3 × 2 matrix (d) 5 × 2 matrix

1 - a a - a2 a2 é 1 2ù
218. If A = ê 2 3 ú and A2 – kA – I2 = O, where I2 is the 2 × 2
ë û
1 - b b - b2 b2
212. The value of the determinant is equal to identity matrix, then what is the value of k? [2018-I]
1 - g g - g2 g2 (a) 4 (b) –4
[2017-II] (c) 8 (d) –8
Matrices and Determinants M-429

219. A square matrix A is called orthogonal if [2018-II]

2 –1
æ 2 4ö
(a) A = A (b) A' = A 225. What should be the value of x so that the matrix çè -8 x ÷ø
(c) A = A–1 (d) A = A'
Where A' is the transpose of A. does not have an inverse? [2018-II]
220. For a square matrix A, which of the following properties hold? (a) 16 (b) – 16
[2018-II] (c) 8 (d) – 8
1. (A–1)–1 = A 226. The system of equation [2018-II]
2x + y – 3z = 5
1
2. det(A -1 ) = 3x – 2y + 2z = 5 and
det A
5x – 3y – z = 16
3. (l A) l A where l is a scalar
–1 –1

Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) is inconsistent
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (b) is consistent, with a unique solution
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) is consistent, with infinitely many solutions
221. Which one of the following factors does the expansions of (d) has its solution lying along x-axis in three - dimensional
space
æx y 3ö
227. If u, v and w (all positive) are the pth, qth and rth terms of a GP,
ç 2 ÷
x 5y3 9÷ the determinant of the matrix [2018-II]
the determinant ç contain? [2018-II]
çè x 3 10y3 27÷ø
æ1n u p1ö
(a) x – 3 (b) x – y ç1n v q1 ÷ is
ç ÷
(c) Y – 3 (d) x – 3y è1n w r1ø
222. What is the adjoint of the matrix
(a) 0
æ cos ( -q) - sin ( -q)ö (b) 1
ç ÷? [2018-II]
è - sin ( -q) cos ( -q) ø (c) (p – q) (q – r) (r – p)
(d) 1n u × 1n v × 1n w
æ cos q - sin q ö æ cos q sin qö
(a) çè - sin q cos q÷ø (b) çè sin q cos q÷ø 228. Consider the following in respect of matrices A, B and C of
same order: [2018-II]
æ cos q sin q ö æ cos q - sin qö 1. (A + B + C)' = A' + B' + C'
(c) ç - sin q cos q÷ (d) ç sin q cos q ÷ 2. (AB)' = A'B'
è ø è ø
3. (ABC)' = C'B' A'
223. If A and B are two invertible square matrices of same order,
then what is (AB)–1 equal to? [2018-II] Where A' is the transpose of the matrix A. Which of the
(a) B A–1 –1 (b) A B–1 –1 above are correct?
(c) B A–1 (d) A–1B (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
224. If a + b + c = 0, then one of the solution of [2018-II] (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
229. Let matrix B be the adjoint of a square matrix A, l be the
a -x c b
identity matrix of same order as A. If k ( ¹ 0) is the determinant
c b-x a = 0 is of the matrix A, then what is AB equal to? [2018-II]
b a c-x (a) l (b) k l
(a) x = a (c) k2 l (d) (1/k)l

(b) x =
(
3 a 2 + b2 + c2 ) æx y y+z ö
2 230. What is the determinant of the matrix ç z z z + x ÷ ?
ç ÷
è y z x + yø

(c) x =
(
2 a 2 + b 2 + c2 ) [2018-II]
3
(a) (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) (b) (x –z) (z – x)
(d) x = 0 (c) (y – z) (z –x) (d) (z – x)2 (x + y + z)
 EBD_7346
M-430 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
231. If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle and
é3 2 0 ù
1 1 1 234. If B = êê 2 4 0 úú , then what is adjoint of B equal to ?
1 + sin A 1 + sin B 1 + sin C = 0, êë 1 1 0 úû
sin A + sin 2 A sin B + sin 2 B sin C + sin 2 C [2019-I]

then which one of the following is correct? [2018-II] é 0 0 0ù é 0 0 -2 ù

(a) The triangle ABC is isosceles (a) ê 0 0 0ú (b) ê 0 0 -1ú
ê ú ê ú
(b) The triangle ABC is equilateral êë -2 -1 8 úû êë 0 0 8 úû
(c) The triangle ABC is scalene
(d) No conclusion can be drawn with regard to the nature of é0 0 2ù
(c) ê0 0 1ú (d) It does not exist
the triangle ê ú
êë 0 0 0 úû
232. Consider the following in respect of matrices A and B of same
order: [2018-II]
é0 1 ù
1. A2 – B2 = (A + B) (A – B) 235. If A = ê 1 0 ú , then the matrix A is/an [2019-I]
ë û
2. (A – I) (I + A) = 0 Û A2 = I
(a) Singular matrix (b) Involutory matrix
Where I is the identity matrix and O is the null matrix.
(c) Nilpotent matrix (d) Idempotent matrix
Which of the above is/are correct? 236. If A is an identity matrix of order 3, then its inverse (A–1)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only [2019-I]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) is equal to null matrix (b) is equal to A
(c) is equal to 3A (d) does not exist
233. What is the area of the triangle with vertices [2018-II] 237. A is a square matrix of order 3 such that its determinant is 4.
What is the determinant of its transpose? [2019-I]
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
(a) 64 (b) 36
çè x1 , x ÷ø , çè x 2 , x ÷ø , çè x 3 , x ÷ø ?
1 2 3 (c) 32 (d) 4
238. If A is a square matrix of order n > 1, then which one of the
(a) |(x1 – x2 ) (x2 – x3 ) (x3 – x1 )| following is correct ? [2019-I]
(b) 0 (a) det (–A) = det A (b) det (–A) = (–1)n det A
(c) det (–A) = – det A (d) det (–A) = n det A
( x1 - x 2 ) ( x 2 - x 3 )( x 3 - x1 ) DIRECTION (Qs. 239 - 240) : Consider the following for the
(c) x1x 2 x3 next 02 (two) items :
Let A and B be (3 × 3) matrices with det A = 4 and det B = 3.

( x1 - x 2 ) ( x 2 - x 3 )( x 3 - x1 ) 239. What is det (2AB) equal to ? [2019-I]

(d) 2x1x 2 x 3 (a) 96 (b) 72 (c) 48 (d) 36
–1
240. What is det (3AB ) equal to ? [2019-I]
(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 36 (d) 48
Matrices and Determinants M-431

ANSWER KEY
1 (d) 25 (b) 49 (a) 73 (c) 97 (a) 121 (d) 145 (b) 169 (c) 193 (b) 217 (a)
2 (c) 26 (c) 50 (c) 74 (b) 98 (a) 122 (b) 146 (a) 170 (c) 194 (c) 218 (a)
3 (a) 27 (d) 51 (c) 75 (d) 99 (a) 123 (b) 147 (a) 171 (a) 195 (c) 219 (b)
4 (d) 28 (c) 52 (a) 76 (b) 100 (d) 124 (d) 148 (b) 172 (b) 196 (b) 220 (a)
5 (b) 29 (b) 53 (b) 77 (d) 101 (a) 125 (c) 149 (c) 173 (c) 197 (d) 221 (a)
6 (c) 30 (b) 54 (a) 78 (a) 102 (c) 126 (c) 150 (c) 174 (d) 198 (b) 222 (a)
7 (c) 31 (b) 55 (a) 79 (b) 103 (a) 127 (b) 151 (a) 175 (b) 199 (a) 223 (a)
8 (d) 32 (d) 56 (d) 80 (d) 104 (b) 128 (c) 152 (c) 176 (a) 200 (d) 224 (d)
9 (a) 33 (c) 57 (c) 81 (c) 105 (d) 129 (a) 153 (c) 177 (a) 201 (c) 225 (b)
10 (c) 34 (c) 58 (b) 82 (b) 106 (a) 130 (a) 154 (d) 178 (a) 202 (d) 226 (b)
11 (c) 35 (c) 59 (b) 83 (b) 107 (a) 131 (b) 155 (d) 179 (d) 203 (b) 227 (a)
12 (d) 36 (b) 60 (a) 84 (c) 108 (c) 132 (a) 156 (a) 180 (a) 204 (a) 228 (c)
13 (d) 37 (c) 61 (d) 85 (c) 109 (c) 133 (b) 157 (b) 181 (b) 205 (b) 229 (b)
14 (c) 38 (b) 62 (c) 86 (d) 110 (b) 134 (b) 158 (b) 182 (b) 206 (a) 230 (d)
15 (a) 39 (c) 63 (c) 87 (a) 111 (a) 135 (c) 159 (a) 183 (d) 207 (c) 231 (a)
16 (b) 40 (b) 64 (d) 88 (d) 112 (d) 136 (a) 160 (d) 184 (a) 208 (c) 232 (b)
17 (d) 41 (a) 65 (b) 89 (c) 113 (b) 137 (a) 161 (b) 185 (d) 209 (b) 233 (d)
18 (c) 42 (b) 66 (a) 90 (d) 114 (b) 138 (c) 162 (c) 186 (d) 210 (a) 234 (a)
19 (c) 43 (b) 67 (d) 91 (d) 115 (a) 139 (d) 163 (b) 187 (c) 211 (d) 235 (b)
20 (b) 44 (c) 68 (b) 92 (c) 116 (c) 140 (a) 164 (c) 188 (b) 212 (b) 236 (b)
21 (a) 45 (d) 69 (b) 93 (c) 117 (a) 141 (c) 165 (d) 189 (c) 213 (b) 237 (d)
22 (a) 46 (b) 70 (b) 94 (a) 118 (a) 142 (b) 166 (d) 190 (d) 214 (b) 238 (b)
23 (c) 47 (c) 71 (d) 95 (d) 119 (c) 143 (a) 167 (a) 191 (a) 215 (a) 239 (a)
24 (c) 48 (c) 72 (c) 96 (c) 120 (a) 144 (d) 168 (a) 192 (d) 216 (a) 240 (c)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

é cos a - sin a ù
1. (d) As given A(a) = ê sin a cos a ú 2 cos 2 x 4sin 2 x
ë û
2
= 2 1 + cos x 4sin 2 x
cos b - sin b
and A(b) = éê sin b cos b ùú 1 cos 2 x 1 + 4sin 2 x
ë û
Hence,
(Applying R2 ® R2 – R1 and R3 ® R3 – R1 )
écos a - sin a ù écos b - sin b ù
A(a) . A(b) = ê sin a cos a ú ê sin b cos b ú 2 cos 2 x 4sin 2x
ë û ë û
= 0 1 0
écos a cos b - sin a sin b - cos a sin b - sin a cos bù -1 0 1
= ê sin a cos b + cos a sin b sin a sin b + cos a cos b ú
ë û
f (x) = 2 + 4 sin 2x
cos(a + b) - sin(a + b) \ – 1 £ sin 2x £ 1, maximum value of sin 2x = 1
= sin(a + b) cos(a + b) = A( a + b )
Thus, maximum value of f (x) = 2 + 4 = 6
3. (a) A matrix is singular if value of its determinant is zero.
1 + sin 2 x cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
2 2 é cos q sin q 0 ù
2. (c) f (x) = sin x 1 + cos x 4 sin 2x
2
sin x 2
cos x 1 + 4 sin 2x Given that matrix ê sin q cos q 0 ú is singular,,
êë 0 0 1 úû
Applying C1 ® C1 + C2
cos q sin q 0
sin q cos q 0 = 0
0 0 1
 EBD_7346
M-432 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

cos q sin q p 1 3
Þ sin q cos q = 0 Þ cos2 q – sin2 q = 0 = cos \ a23 = a32 = (– 1)2+3 4 4 = – (4 – 12) = 8
2
p p 8. (d) Since, A and B be two invertible square matrices each
Þ cos 2q = cos Þq= of order n, then (AB)–1 = (B–1) (A–1)
2 4
4. (d) The given system of equations is adj(AB) adj B adj A
Þ = .
x + y+ z = 2 ...(i) | AB | | B| | A|
2x +y–z =3 ...(ii) Since | AB | = | B | | A |
and 3 x + 2y + kz = 4 ...(iii) adj (AB) = (adj B) (adj A)
This system has a unique solution if
é4 k 0ù
1 1 1 9. (a) As given M = ê 6 3 0 ú
2 1 -1 ¹ 0 êë 2 t k úû
3 2 k
M will be invertible, if
Applying C2 ® C2 – C1 and C3 ® C3 – C1
é4 k 0 ù
ê6 3 0 ú ¹ 0
1 0 0 êë 2 t k úû
We get 3 -1 -3 ¹ 0
3 -1 k - 3 Þ k ¹ 0 or k (12 – 6k) ¹ 0
Þ – 1(k – 3) – 3 ¹ 0 or – k + 3 – 3 ¹ 0 Þ k¹0 Þ k ¹ 0, k ¹ 2
Thus, statement (1) and (2) are correct.
1 x
(b) As given A = é0 -1ù and B =
1 0
5. é1 1 1ù
ëê ûú 0 1 10. (c) Given matrix is A = ê1 1 1ú
êë1 1 1úû
é1 0 ù é1 x ù é1 x ù
AB = ê0 -1ú ê0 1 ú = ê0 -1ú
ë û ë û ë û é1 1 1ù é1 1 1ù
So, A2 = ê1 1 1ú ê1 1 1ú
é1 - x ù êë1 1 1úû êë1 1 1úû
and BA = éê 0 1 ùú éê0 -1ùú = ê0 -1 ú
1 x 1 0
ë û ë û ë û
Given that AB = BA é 3 3 3ù é1 1 1ù
= ê3 3 3ú = 3 ê1 1 1ú
We have, é1 x ù = é1 - x ù êë3 3 3úû êë1 1 1úû
ëê0 -1ûú ëê 0 -1 ûú
Þ x=–x Þ 2x=0 Þx=0 é1 1 1ù é1 1 1ù
and A3 = 3 ê1 1 1ú ê1 1 1ú
éa b c ù ëê1 1 1ûú êë1 1 1ûú
6. (c) Let A = ê d e f ú
êë g h i úû
é 3 3 3ù é1 1 1ù
Let rows 1 and 2 be interchanged. = 3 ê3 3 3ú = 9 ê1 1 1ú
ëê3 3 3úû êë1 1 1úû
éd e f ù 2
and B = ê a b c ú =3 A
êë g h i úû Similarly A4 = 33 A. Hence, An = 3n–1 A
11. (c) Since, AB is defined, neither A nor B is singular i.e.,
éa + d b + e c + f ù they are non-zero matrix and if AB = 0 both A and B are
A + B = êa + d b + e c + f ú square matrix. So, A and B are non-zero square matrices.
êë 2g 2h 2i úû
12. (d) If A is a matrix of order p × q and B is a matrix of order s
× t, then AB will exist when the number of column in A
a +d b+e c+f is equal to the number of rows in B
|A+ B | = a + d b + e c + f
2g 2h 2i Þq=s
13. (d) Since, A is a square matrix and
=0 (since two rows are identical) A – AT = 0 Þ A = AT.
é1 2 3 ù A is a symmetric matrix.
7. (c) Q A = ê 4 5 4 ú Considering following two points.
êë 2 3 -1úû 1. No two rows or two columns should be identical
and
Since, adj A = (aij) so, aij = aji of A.
Matrices and Determinants M-433

2. There should be two 1's and one 0, in every row or

a b c
column. 19. (c) b c a
Such determinant can be found. c a b
1 0 1 = a (bc – a2) – b (b2 – ac) + c (ab – c2)
14. (c) In the third order determinant 1 1 0 which = abc – a3 – b3 + abc + abc – c3 = 3abc – (a3 + b3 + c3)
0 1 1
Given that a3 + b3 + c3 = 0
satisfied these conditions.
a b c
Its value is 2, which is largest if the elements of a Þ b c a = 3abc.
determinant are 0 or 1. c a b
15. (a) We know that
(b) Given that, A = é 0 3ù
1 2
d -b 20.
If A= éê c d ùú , adj A = éê -c a ùú
a b
ëê úû
ë û ë û
é1 2 + 6 ù é1 8 ù
and | A | = ad – bc A 2 = é1 2ù é1 2 ù = ê =
ëê0 3ûú ëê0 3 ûú ë0 9 úû êë0 9 úû
adjA
A–1 = if | A | ¹ 0 Since, f (x) = x2 – x + 2
|A| Putting A in place of x
f (A) = A2 – A + 2I
1 é d -b ù 1 é d -b ù
So, A -1 = = é1 8 ù é1 2 ù é 2 0ù é1 - 1 + 2 8 - 2 + 0 ù
ad - bc ëê -c a úû | A | ëê -c a úû =ê ú-ê + =
3úû êë0 2úû êë0 - 0 + 0 9 - 3 + 2 úû
ë0 9û ë0
Given that A = é 1 + i 1 + i ù
êë-1 + i 1 - i úû é 2 6ù
=ê ú
ë0 8 û
1 - i -1 - i
Then adj A = é1 - i 1 + i ù 21. (a) If there is matrix of m rows and n columns and another
êë úû
with n rows and k columns, their product will be a matrix
of m rows and k column.
and, |A| = 1 + i 1 + i A is a non-null matrix with one row and 5 columns and
-1 + i 1 - i
B is a non-null matrix with 5 rows and one column.
= (l – i2) – (i2 –1) = (l – i2 – i2 + 1) = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 Therefore number of row in A × B is 1.
1 é l - i -l - i ù æ 2 3ö æ1 0ö
Þ A -1 = 22. (a) A = çç ÷÷, B = çç ÷÷
4 êë1 - i 1 + i úû è 1 4ø è 0 1ø

é 2 3 ù é x ù é5 ù é 2x + 3y ù é5 ù æ 2 3ö æ1 0ö
16. (b) ê ú ê ú = ê ú Þê ú=ê ú AB = çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷
ë 4 6 û ë y û ë c - 5û ë 4x + 6y û ëc - 5 û è 1 4ø è 0 1ø
Þ 2x + 3y = 5 ...(1) æ 2 + 0 0 + 3ö æ 2 3ö
= çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
and 4x + 6y = c – 5 ...(2) è 1+ 0 0 + 4ø è 1 4ø
Þ Solving equation (1) and (2) c =15
æ1 0ö æ 2 3ö
Now, if c = 15, equations 1 and 2 becomes BA = çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷
Þ 2x +3y = 5 and 4x + 6y = 10 è 0 1ø è1 4ø
This shows that the equation has an infinite set of æ2 + 0 3+ 0ö æ2 3ö
solutions. For other values of c, equation has no = çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
è 0 + 1 0 + 4 ø è1 4ø
solution.
Also,
1
17. (d) We know that det (A) = æ 3 3ö
det (A -1 ) A+B= ç
è 1 5÷ø
é 1 -2 ù æ 9 + 3 9 + 15 ö æ12 24ö
A–1 = ê -2 2 ú (A + B)2 = çè 3 + 5 3 + 25÷ø = çè 8 28÷ø
ë û

1 -2 1 æ 2 3ö æ 2 3ö æ 4 + 3 6 + 12 ö æ 7 18 ö
Þ |A –1| = -2 2 = 2 – 4 = – 2 Þ det (A) = - A2 = ç =ç ÷ =ç ÷
2 è 1 4÷ø çè 1 4÷ø è 2 + 4 3 + 16 ø è 6 19 ø
18. (c) If AB = AC, then
B = C, if A is non-singular. æ 1 0ö æ 1 0ö æ 1 0ö
B2 = ç =
è 0 1÷ø çè 0 1÷ø çè 0 1÷ø
A2 + B2 + 2AB
 EBD_7346
M-434 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

æ 7 18ö æ 1 0ö æ 2 3ö éa + 2c b + 2d ù é- 1 0ù
= çè 6 19÷ø + çè 0 1÷ø + 2 çè 1 4÷ø Þ ê ú=ê ú
ë 0 + 3c 0 + 3d û ë 6 3û
æ 12 24 ö Þ 3c = 6 or c = 2
2
=ç ÷ = (A + B) 3d = 3 or d = 1,
è 8 28 ø a + 2 × 2 = – 1 or a = – 5
So, Assertion A is correct b + 2 × 1 = 0, b = – 2
R is AB = BA
Hence, R is correct. é -5 -2 ù
So, A = ê
Since this leads from Assersion A, then both A and R ë2 1 úû
are individually true and R is the correct explanation
of A. (adjA)
25. (b) We know that A–1 =
æ cos a sin a ö |A|
23. (c) A = çç ÷÷
è cos a sin a ø A.Ad j A
or, A A–1 =
|A|
æ cos a cos a ö
B = çç ÷÷
è sin a sin a ø A.Ad j A
or, In =
|A|
æ cos a sin a ö æ cos a cos a ö
AB = çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷
è cos a sin a ø è sin a sin a ø é1 0 0ù é4 0 0ù
ê ú ê ú
A (adj A) = | A| In = |A| ê0 1 0ú = ê0 4 0ú
æ cos 2 a + sin 2 a cos 2 a + sin 2 a ö
ç ÷ êë0 0 1úû êë0 0 4úû
ç cos 2 a + sin 2 a cos 2 a + sin 2 a ÷
è ø
éx x 2 1 + x 2 ù
æ1 1ö ê
= çç ÷÷ ¹ I, 2 2ú
è1 1ø
26. (c) A = ê y y 1 + y ú
êz z2 1+ z 2 ú
So, A is true. Since product of two matrix may be êë úû
equal to identity matrix.
so, R is false and A is true. x x2 1 + x2
é1 2 ù |A| = y y2 1 + y2
24. (c) Let ê ú=B
ë0 3 û z z2 1 + z2
é -1 0 ù Applying R1® R1 – R2 and R2 ® R2 – R3
Then BA = ê 6 3 ú
ë û
x - y (x - y)(x + y) (x - y)(x + y)
é -1 0 ù
Þ A=B ê –1
ú |A| = y - z (y - z)(y + z) (y - z)(y + z)
ë -6 3 û 2
z z 1+ z2
| B | = 3,
é 3 -2 ù 1 x+y x+y
adj B = ê ú
ë0 1 û = (x – y) (y – z) 1 y + z y+z
1 é3 - 2ù z z2 1 + z2
B–1 = ê
3 ë0 1 úû Applying C3 ® C3 – C2
1 é 3 -2 ù é -1 0 ù 1 é -3 - 12 -6 ù 1 x+y 0
Þ A= ê =
3 ë0 1úû êë 6 3 úû 3 êë 6 3 úû | A | = (x – y) (y – z) 1 y+z 0
é - 5 - 2ù z z2 1
=ê
ë 2 1 úû = (x – y) (y – z) [1{y + z – (x + y)]
Aliter: = (x – y) (y – z) (z – x)
éa bù é0 0 q ù
LetA= ê ú,
ëc d û 27. (d) A = êê 2 5 1 úú
êë8 p p úû
é 1 2 ù é a b ù é -1 0 ù
then ê úê ú=ê ú Matrix A will be singular, when | A | = 0, | A | will be zero
ë0 3û ë c d û ë 6 3û when either one row or one column is zero.
Matrices and Determinants M-435

(1) For q = 0
é0 0 0ù 0 0 2
A = êê 2 5 1 úú 0 0 2
1 1
êë 8 p p úû |A | = k -1 - 1 = - k - 1 -1 1
2 2
Þ |A| = 0 4 -1 -3
1
\ A is singular. 4 - -3
2
(2) For p = 0
é0 0 q ù 1
A = êê 2 5 5 úú
= × 2[(k – 1) (– 1) – (4) (–1)] ¸ 0
2
ëê 8 0 0 úû Þ –(–k + 1 + 4) ¹ 0 Þ k – 5 ¹ 0 Þ k ¹ 5
Thus, the system does not posses unique solution, if
2 5
Þ |A| = q = - 40q k=5
8 0
\ A is not singular. é1 2ù
(3) For p = 20 33. (c) Given that, A = ê 2 2 ú
ë û
2 5
|A| = q = 40 - 40 = 0 é 1 2 ù é 1 2 ù é 1+ 4 2 + 4 ù
8 20 \ A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú
ë 2 2 ûë 2 2 û ë 2+4 4+4 û
\ A is singular.
Thus codes (1) or (3) are correct. é5 6ù
28. (c) We know that, adj A and A has same value of =ê ú
ë6 8û
determinant, if det A = 0, then det (adj A) = 0
Let A2 + xA + yI = 0 where x and y are constant.
so, statement (1) is correct.
Þ é
Also If A is a matrix the determinant of A–1 equals 5 6 ù é x 2x ù é y 0 ù é 0 0 ù
inverse of determinant A, so, det(A–1)= (det A)–1, if A ê 6 8 ú + ê 2x 2x ú + ê 0 y ú = ê 0 0 ú
ë û ë û ë û ë û
is non singular; Statement 2 is correct.
Thus both (1) and (2) are correct. é 5+ x + y 6 + 2x ù é 0 0 ù
Þ ê ú=ê ú
29. (b) Let a be an m × n matrix, then A–1 will exist if m = n since ë 6 + 2x 8 + 2x + y û ë 0 0 û
only square matrix has determinant and det A ¹ 0 So, 6 + 2x = 0 Þ x=–3
adjA 5+ x+y=0 Þ y= – 5 – x = – 2
[Since A–1 = ]
|A| Þ A2 – 3A – 2I = 0
34. (c) System of equation is given as :
30. (b) If A is non-singular and B is singular, then AB and
A–1B are non-singular. Statements (2) and (4) are (k + 1) x + 8y = 4k .... (1)
correct. and kx + ( k +3)y = 3k – 1 ....(2)
31. (b) A be a square matrix of order n × n where n ³ 2. B be a Here, a1 = k + 1, b1 = 8, c1 = 4k, a2 = k, b2 = k + 3
matrix obtained from A with first and second rows and c2 = 3k – 1
interchanged. Then, det A = – det B. Sin ce Such a system of equations will have infinite number
interchanging any two rows makes the sign change of solution, if
with same value. a1 b1 c1
32. (d) Equations are = =
a 2 b2 c2
x – y + 2x = 0 ...(i)
kx – y + z = 0 ...(ii) k +1 8 4k
i.e., = =
3x + y – 3x = 0 ...(iii) k k + 3 3k - 1
System of equations posses a unique solution, if Taking last two we get
8(3k –1) = 4k(k +3)
1 -1 2 Þ 24k – 8 = 4k2 + 12k
| A | = k -1 1 ¹ 0 Þ 4k2 – 12k + 8 = 0
3 1 -3 Þ k2 – 3k + 2 = 0
Þ (k – 1)(k – 2)\= 0
1 Þ k = 1, 2
Applying C1 ® C1 + C2 and C2 ® C2 + C3 Taking first two (k + 1)(k +3) = 8k
2
 EBD_7346
M-436 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Þ k2 + 4k +3 – 8k = 0 Þ k2 – 4k +3 = 0
Þ (k –1) (k –3) = 0 x2 -2x - 2w 2 -2w 2
So, k = 1,3. Þ 2 0 -w =0
Combining both, k = 1, 2, 3. 0 1+ w 1
Thus, this system have 3 values of k.
35. (c) The given system of equations are :
p3x + (p +1)3 y = (p +2)3 ....(1) x2 -2x - 2w 2 -2w 2
px + (p +1)y = (p +2) ....(2) Þ 2 0 -w =0
x +y = 1 ....(3) 2
0 -w 1
This system is consistent, if values of x and y from first
two equation satisfy the third equation. [Q 1 + w = – w2 ]

p3 (p + 1)3 (p + 2)3 Þ w2
x2 -2w 2 x2 -2x - 2w2
+1 =0
which Þ p (p + 1) (p + 2) = 0 2 -w 2 -0
1 1 1 Þ w2 ( – wx 2 + 4w2) – ( – 4x – 4w2) = 0
Þ – x2 + 4w + 4x + 4w2 = 0
Applying C2 ® C2 – C1 Þ – x2 + 4w – 4x – 4 – 4w = 0 Þ –x2 – 4x – 4 = 0
Þ (x +2)2 = 0 Þ x = – 2
p3 (p + 1)3 - p3 (p + 2)3 - p3 39. (c) Given matrix is :
Þ p 1 2 =0
é2 2ù
1 0 0 A=ê ú
ë2 2û
Þ 2 (p + 1)3 – 2p3 – (p + 2)3 + p3 = 0
é2 2ù é2 2 ù é4+4 4+4ù é 2 2 ù
3 3
Þ 2 (p3 +1 + 3p2 + 3p) – 2p3 – (p3 + 8 + 12p + 6p2) + p3
A2 = ê úê =
ú ê ú = ê ú
=0 ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 û ë 4 + 4 4 + 4 û êë 23 23 úû
Þ 2p3 + 2 + 6p2 + 6p – 2p3– p3 – 8 – 12p – 6p2 + p3
=0 é 8 8 ù é 2 2 ù é 16 + 16 16 + 16 ù
A3 = ê úê ú=ê ú
Þ – 6 – 6p = 0 ë 8 8 û ë 2 2 û ë 16 + 16 16 + 16 û
Þ p=–1
é 32 32 ù é 2 25 ù
36. (b) Given matrices are : 5
=ê ú = ê ú
é 2x 0 ù é 1 0ù ë 32 32 û êë 25 25 úû
A=ê ú and A -1 = ê ú
ë x xû ë -1 2 û Going this way we get
AA–1 = I
é 27 27 ù
A4 = ê ú é 22n -1 22n -1 ù
é 2x 0ù é 1 0ù é1 0ù 7 7 ú Þ A =ê
n
ú
Þ ê
x úû ê -1 2 ú = ê0 1ú ëê 2 2 û êë 22n -1 22n -1 úû
ë x ë û ë û
40. (b) Number of zeroes in a lower triangular matrix of order
é 2x 0 ù é1 0ù n × n is
Þ ê = Þ 2x = 1
ë 0 2x úû ê0 1ú
ë û
n(n + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n =
37. (c) Let A = [aij] m × m be a matrix and C = [cij]m × m be 2
another matrix where cij is the cofactor of aij. Number of zeros = 10

\ The value of | AC | = | A |m + 1 n(n + 1)

Þ = 10 Þ n2 + n – 20 = 0
38. (b) Given matrix is : 2
Þ (n + 5) (n – 4) = 0 Þ n = 4 or – 5
x2 -2x -2w 2 (– 5 is meaningless)
2 w -w =0 Þ n=4. Þ order of the matrix is 4 × 4
0 w 1
é1 p qù é 1 - p -q ù
By C2 ® C2 + C3 , we get 41. (a) Let A = êê 0 x 0 úú and A -1 = êê 0 1 0 ú
ú
êë 0 0 1 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
Matrices and Determinants M-437

AA–1 = I = a{0.(a + b) - a.a}

é1 0 0ù = – a3 which is independent of b and c.
é 1 p q ù é 1 -p -q ù ê
= 0 1 0ú 44. (c) Given matrix is :
Þ ê0 x 0ú ê0 1 0 ú ê ú
ê úê ú ê0 0 1ú é1 –2 ù
êë 0 0 1 úû êë 0 0 1 úû ë û
X =ê ú
ë0 3 û
é1 0 0ù é1 0 0ù é1 –2 ù é1 –2 ù
Þ ê0 x 0ú=ê0 1 0ú \ X2 = ê úê ú
ê ú ê ú ë0 3 û ë0 3 û
êë 0 0 1 úû êë 0 0 1 úû
é1 –2 – 6ù é1 –8ù
Þ x= 1 =ê =
ë0 9 úû êë0 9 úû
é 4 11 ù é3 2ù
42. (b) Given that, AB = ê ú and A = ê 1 2 ú So, the given expression is :
ë 4 5 û ë û
é 1 –8 ù é1 –2 ù é1 0 ù
X2 – 2X + 3I = ê ú – 2ê ú + 3ê ú
éa bù ë0 9 û ë0 3 û ë 0 1û
Let B = ê ú
ëc dû é1 –8 ù é –2 +4 ù é 3 0 ù
=ê ú+ê ú+ê ú
é 3 2 ù é a b ù é 4 11 ù ë0 9 û ë 0 –6 û ë 0 3 û
Þ ê úê ú=ê ú
ë1 2 ûë c d û ë 4 5 û é1 – 2 + 3 –8 + 4 ù é 2 –4ù é1 –2ù
=ê ú =ê ú = 2ê ú = 2X
ë 0 9 – 6 + 3û ë 0 6 û ë0 3 û
é 3a + 2c 3b + 2d ù é 4 11 ù
Þ ê ú=ê ú B
ë a + 2c b + 2d û ë 4 5 û 45. (d) Since, adjoint of the square matrix A is B Þ = A –1
|A|
Þ 3a + 2c = 4 and a + 2c = 4 ....(1)
and 3b + 2d = 11 and b +2d = 5 ....(2) AB
Þ = AA –1 = I
From equation set (1) a = 0 and c = 2 and from equation |A|
set (2), b = 3 and d = 1 Þ AB = |A| I Þ AB = a I
é0 3ù
Þ B=ê2 1ú bc a a2
ë û
46. (b) ca b b2
0 3
Hence | B |= = 0 - 6 = -6 ab c c2
2 1
R1 ® aR1, R2 ® bR2, R3 ® cR3 and divide whole
a+b+c a+b a determinant by abc
43. (b) Let D = 4a + 3b + 2c 3a + 2b 2a
10a + 6b + 3c 6a + 3b 3a abc a 2 a3
1
= abc b2 b3
By R2 ® R2 – 2R1 and R3 ® R3 – 3R1,we get : abc
abc c 2 c2
a+b+c a+b a
Þ 2a + b a 0
1 a2 a3 1 a2 a3
7a + 3b 3a 0
abc
= 1 b2 b3 = 1 b 2 b3
By C1 ® C1 – C2 gives : abc
1 b2 c2 1 c2 c3
c a+b a
Þ a+b a 0 1 z –y
4a + 3b 3a 0 = –z 1 x
47. (c) Let D
Again by R3 ® R3 – 3R2, we get : y –x 1
Expanding along R1
c a+b a
D= a +b a 0 1 x –z x –z 1
Þ D =1 –z –y
a 0 0 –x 1 y 1 y –x
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= (1 + x2) – z (– z – xy) – y (xz – y)
a b a+b
= 1 + x2 + z2 + xyz – xyz + y2
= 1 + x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 + 1 = 2 b c b+c
a +b b+c 0
48. (c) As given : | A n´n |= 3 and | adjA |= 243
Dterminant of adjoint A is given by : c b+c b b+c b c
|adj A| = |An×n|n–1 =a –b + (a + b)
b+c 0 a+b 0 a+b b+c
Þ 243 = 3n–1 Þ 35 = 3n–1 Þ n – 1 = 5 Þ n = 6
= – a (b + c)2 + b (a + b) (b + c) + (a + b) (b2 + bc – ac – bc)
49. (a) AB and BC both must exit, to hold the condition
A (BC) = (AB) C = – a (b2 + c2 + 2bc) + b (ab + ac + b2 + bc)
50. (c) As given of A and B are 3 × 2 and 2 × 3 respectively. = – ab2 – ac2 – 2abc + ab2 + 2abc + b2c (Q b2 = ac)
Þ order of AB is 3 × 3 = – ac2 + b2c = – ac2 + ac.c.
Þ |kAB| = k3 |AB| = – ac2 + ac2 = 0
55. (a) For 2 × 2 matrix,
–1
é5 0ù é x ù é –1ù |A| = |adj A|
51. (c) The given equation is : ê ú ê – yú = ê 2 ú = (ab – 0 ) = ab
ë0 7û ë û ë û
adj A 1 æ a 0 ö
é 5 0ù \ A-1 = = .ç ÷
Multiplying both sides by ê 0 7 ú , we get | A| ab è -1 b ø
ë û
1
é 5 0 ù é5 0 ù
–1
é x ù é5 0 ù é –1ù | A-1 |= (ab) = 1
ab
ê 0 7 ú ê0 7 ú ê - y ú = ê0 7 ú ê 2 ú
ë ûë û ë û ë ûë û
é -2 1 1ù
é1 0 ù é –x ù é –5 ù ê ú
Þê 56. (d) Here, A = ê 1 -2 1 ú ,
úê ú = ê ú
ë0 1 û ë - y û ë14 û êë 1 1 -2úû

é x ù é –5 ù é1ù é xù
Þê ú=ê ú Þ x = – 5 and y = – 14
ë – y û ë14 û B = êm ú and X = ê y ú
ê ú ê ú
52. (a) Slope of both the lines are same and intercepts are êë n úû êë z úû
different. So, the given equations represent the two
parallel lines. Hence the system of linear equations has -2 1 1 1 1 1
no solution. \ | A |= - 2 -1 +1
1 -2 1 -2 -2 1
53. (b) The given system of equations is
= – 2 (4 –1) –1 (–2 – 1) + (1 + 2)
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1 =–6+3+3=0
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2
é3 3 3ù
and a3x + b3y + c3z = d3
Now, adj A = ê3 3 3ú
ê ú
a1 b1 c1 ëê3 3 3úû
Let D = a 2 b2 c2 \ (adj A) . B = 0
a3 b3 c3 So, the given system of equations has an infinitely
many solutions.
This system has a unique solution x0, y0, z0 if D ¹ 0
1 1
Dx 57. (c) Let = u, = v
and x 0 = = 0 Þ Dx = 0 x y
D
\ a1 u + b1 v = c1 and a2u + b2v = c2
d1 b1 c1 Using the method of cross multiplication
Þ d2 b2 c2 = 0 u v -1
= =
d3 b3 c3 b1c2 - b2 c1 c1a2 - c2 a1 a1b2 - a2b1

54. (a) Since, a, b, c are in GP. 1 1

Þ b2 = ac x y -1
Þ = =
Explanding the determinant we get, b1 c1 c1 a1 a1 b1
b2 c2 c2 a2 a2 b2
Matrices and Determinants M-439

1 Þ B–1 BA = B–1 C
1
Þ A = B–1C
x = y =- 1
D 2 D3 D1 é1 -3ù é1 -1ù é1 -4 ù
= ê0 1 ú ê0 1 ú = ê0 1 ú
ë ûë û ë û
1 D
\ =- 2 62. (c) The given system of equations are
x D1
kx + y + z = k – 1
1 D3 x + ky + z = k – 1
and y = - D x + y + kz = k – 1
1

D1 D ék 1 1 ù é k - 1ù é xù
Þ x=– and y = – 1 A = ê 1 k 1 ú , B = êê k - 1úú and x =
ê ú ê yú
D2 D3 ê ú
êë 1 1 k úû êë k - 1úû êë z úû
sin10° - cos10°
58. (b)
sin 80° cos80° k 1 1
= sin 10° cos 80° + sin 80° cos 10° Now, A = 1 k 1
= sin 10° sin 10° + cos 10° cos 10° 1 1 k
= sin2 10° + cos2 10° = 1
= k(k2 – 1) – 1(k – 1) + 1(1 – k)
2 4 0 = k3 – k – k + 1 + 1 – k
0 5 16 = 20 = k3 – 3k + 2
59. (b)
0 0 1+ p The given system of equations has no solution, if
On expanding along C1, A =0
2 {5 (1 + p) – 0} = 20
Þ k3 – 3k + 2 = 0
Þ 1+p=2
Þ (k – 1)2 (k + 2) = 0
Þ p=1
Þ k = 1 or k = – 2
60. (a) Let A and B be two matrices such that AB = A and BA
=B é1 2 ù é a 0 ù é a 2b ù
AB = ê úê ú=ê 4b úû
Now, consider AB = A 63. (c)
ë3 4 û ë 0 b û ë3a
Take Transpose on both side
(AB)T = AT é a 0 ù é1 2 ù é a 2 a ù
and BA = ê úê ú=ê ú
Þ AT= BT. AT ...(1) ë 0 b û ë3 4 û ë3b 4b û
Now, BA = B If AB = BA
Take, Transpose on both side
é a 2b ù é a 2a ù
(BA)T = BT Þ ê3a 4b ú = ê3b 4b ú Þ a = b
Þ BT = AT. BT … (2) ë û ë û
Now, from equation (1) and (2). we have From the above it is clear that there exist infinitely many
AT = (AT. BT) AT B’s such that AB = BA.
AT = AT (BT AT) é3 4 0 ù
= AT (AB)T (Q (AB)T = BT = BTAT) ê ú
64. (d) Given M = ê2 1 0 ú
= AT. AT êë3 1 k úû
Thus, AT = (AT)2
é 1 3ù é1 -1ù 3 4 0
61. (d) Let B = ê0 1ú and C = ê0 1 ú Now M = 2 1 0 = k (3 - 8) = -5k
ë û ë û
3 1 k
é 1 -3ù
then B -1 = ê ú From statement II, k ¹ 0 then inverse of M exist
ë0 1 û
(statement I). Thus, statement A implies B as well as B
Now, BA = C implies A.
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y x y+z é 0 0 -1ù
65. (b) Given, z y x+ y = 0 67. (d) Given, A = êê 0 -1 0 úú
x z z+x êë-1 0 0 úû

Applying R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3
0 0 -1
x+ y+ z x + y + z 2( x + y + z ) A= 0 -1 0 = -1(-1) = 1 ¹ 0
\
z y x+ y =0 -1 0 0
Þ
x z z+x
\ A–1 exists

1 1 2 é 0 0 -1ù é 0 0 -1ù
Þ ( x + y + z) z y x+ y =0 Now, A = êê 0 -1 0 úú êê 0 -1 0 úú
2

x z z+x ëê -1 0 0 úû êë -1 0 0 ûú
Applying C2 ® C1 – C2, C3 ® C3 – 2C1
é1 0 0ù
1 0 0 ê0 1 0ú
= ê ú
( x + y + z) z z - y x + y - 2z = 0 êë0 0 1 úû
Þ
x z-x z-x
Þ A2 = I
z - y x + y - 2z é3 2ù
Þ ( x + y + z) z - x z-x
=0 68. (b) Let A = ê ú
ë1 4 û
Þ (x + y + z) (z – x) (z – y – x – y + 2z) = 0 We have
Þ x + y = – z or z = x If A is a square matrix of order n then
A(adj A) = | A |. In
k b + c b2 + c2 Here, n = 2
k c + a c2 + a 2 = D \ A (adj A) = I2 | A |
66. (a) Let
k a + b a 2 + b2 é1 0 ù 3 2 é1 0ù é1 0 ù
=ê ú =ê ú (12 - 2) = 10 ê ú
ë0 1 û 1 4 ë0 1 û ë0 1û
1 1 1 é10 0 ù
=ê ú
= k b+c c+a a +b
ë0 10û
b2 + c 2 c2 + a 2 a2 + b2
é0 0 1 ù
Applying C2 ® C2 – C1, C3 ® C3 – C1
69. (b) A = ê0 1 0ú
ê ú
1 0 0 êë1 0 0úû
= k b+c a -b a-c
\ | A | = [ 0(0) - 0(0) + 1(-1) ] = -1
2 2 2 2
b +c a -b a 2 - c2
é 0 0 -1ù
1 0 0 and adj A = êê 0 -1 0úú
= k b+c a -b a-c ëê -1 0 0úû
b2 + c 2 (a - b )(a + b) (a - c )(a + c)
1
Hence, A-1 = adj A
1 1 | A|
= k (a – b) (a – c)
a +b a +c
é 0 0 -1ù é0 0 1ù
1ê
= k (a – b)(a – c) (a + c – a – b) =- 0 -1 0 ú = ê 0 1 0 ú
1 ê ú ê ú
= k (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) êë -1 0 0úû êë 1 0 0úû
But given D= (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
Thus, k = 1
Matrices and Determinants M-441

70. (b) We know, a matrix A is said to be symmetric matrix if 1 1 1

A ' = A where ‘ ’ represents the transpose. Þ + + = –1
' a b c
Consider ( AB ) ¢ = B¢ A¢ 74. (b) Since, matrix A is symmetric and anti-symmetric
therefore
Since, ( AB ) ¢ ¹ AB A¢ = A and A¢ = – A
\ AB is not symmetric. Þ A = – A Þ 2A = 0
2 2
( 2
) 2
and consider A + B ¢ = ( A¢ ) + ( B¢ ) = A + B
2 2
75.
Þ A is a null matrix
(d) Here we see that its diagonal elements are not zero, so
\ A2 + B2 is symmetric. it is not anti-symmetric matrix.
Now, |A| = 1 (1 + 4) + 2 (2 + 6) – 3 (4 – 3)
é 5 10 ù
71. (d) (A) Consider M = ê ú = 5 + 16 – 3 = 18 ¹ 0
ë 4 8û Hence, it is non-singular matrix.
5 10 2a 3r x a r x
Now, | M |= = 40 - 40 = 0
4 8 4b 6s 2y = l b s y
76. (b) Given,
Since, | M | = 0 –2c –3t –z c t z
\ M is not invertible.
Taking 2 common from C1 and 3 from C2 in LHS
(R) Since, determinant of M is zero therefore M is
singular matrix. a r x a r x
Therefore, A is false and R is true. \ 2 ´ 3 2b 2s 2 y = l b s y
72. (c) Let X and Y be two matrices of order 2 × 2 each.
– c –t – z c t z
é –7 0 ù
Given, 2 X – 3Y = ê ú ...(i) Taking 2 common from R2 and – 1 from R3 in LHS
ë 7 –13û
a r x a r x
é9 13ù \ –12 b s y =l b s y
and 3 X + 2Y = ê ú ...(ii)
ë 4 13û c t z c t z
On multiplying Eq. (i) by 3 and Eq. (ii) by 2, we get
Þ l = – 12
é –21 0 ù
6 X – 9Y = ê ú ...(iii)
ë 21 –39 û 1– i w2 –w
77. (d) Let D = 2
w +i w –i
é18 26 ù
6 X + 4Y = ê ú ...(iv) 1 – 2i – w 2 2
w –w i–w
ë 8 26 û
On subtracting Eqs. (iii) from (iv), we get Applying R3 ® R1 – R2 – R3
é 39 26ù é 3 2ù
13Y = ê ú Þ Y =ê ú 1– i w2 –w
ë –13 65û ë –1 5 û 2
= w +i w –i
=0
1+ a 1 1 0 0 0
1 1+ b 1 =0
73. (c) Given
1 1 1+ c (Q one row of determinant is zero)

Applying C2 ® C2 – C1 and C3 ® C3 – C1 éw 0 ù
78. (a) Given, A = ê ú
ë 0 wû
1 + a – a –a
1 b 0 =0 éw 0 ù éw 0 ù éw
2
0ù
Þ Now, A2 = ê
1 0 c úê ú = ê ú
ë 0 wû ë 0 wû êë 0 w2 úû
Þ Expanding along R3, 1(ab) + c (b + ab + a) = 0
Þ ab + bc + ca + abc = 0 éw2 0 ù éw 0 ù éw3 0ù
A3 = ê úê ú =ê ú
êë 0 w2 úû ë 0 wû êë 0 w3 úû
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Since, order of A = 2 × 3
é w100 0 ù
100 and order of AB = 2 × 2
Similarly, A =ê ú
êë 0 100 ú
w û \ order of B = 3 × 2

é(w3 )33 .w1 0 ù éa b ù

= ê ú
Let B = êêc d úú
êë 0 (w3 )33.w1 úû
êëe f úû
éw 0 ù
ú (Q w = 1) = A
3
=ê
ë 0 wû éa b ù
é5 6 1ù ê ú
79. (b) The order of a given matrices are \ AB = ê ú êc d ú
ë 2 - 1 5 ûê
[X](a + b) × (a + 2) and [Y](b + 1) × (a + 3) ëe f úû
As [XY] and [YX] exist
\ a + 2 = b + 1 and a + 3 = a + b é35 49 ù é5a + 6c + e 5b + 6d + f ù
ê 29 13 ú = ê2 a - c + 5e 2b - d + 5 f ú
Þ a+3=a+b ë û ë û
Þ b=3
Þ 5a + 6c + e = 35
Hence, a = 3 + 1 – 2 = 2
5b + 6d + f = 49
a b c
2a - c + 5e = 29
80. (d) Let l m n = 2
p q r 2b - d + 5 f = 13
On solving above four equations we get
6a 3b 15c 3a 3b 3c a = 5, b = 2, c = 1, d = 6, e = 4 and f = 3.
Consider 2l m 5n = 2´5 l m n
é5 2ù
2p q 5r p q r Hence B = êê1 6 úú
êë 4 3úû
a b c
= 10 ´ 3 l m n 82. (b) If A¢ = A where A¢ is transpose of matrix then A = A¢
p q r
But it is not neccessary that A = 0
a b c i.e. A is singular matrix
= 30 l m n = 30 ´ 2 = 60 Hence, statement 1 is wrong.
p q r Given A3 = I

A3 = I = 1
é5 2ù
é5 6 1ù
81. (c) A=ê ú and let B = êê1 6 úú Þ A =1
ë 2 - 1 5û êë4 3úû
Thus, A is non-singular matrix.
Hence, only statement 2 is correct.
é5 2 ù
é5 6 1ù ê ú 83. (b) The given system of equations has infinitely many
\ AB = ê ú ê1 6 ú solution, then
ë 2 - 1 5 ûê
ë 4 3úû 2 3 7
= =
é 25 + 6 + 4 10 + 36 + 3ù 2 a a + b 28
=ê ú Þ a = 4 and 12 = a + b
ë10 - 1 + 20 4 - 6 + 15 û
Þ a = 4 and b = 8 Þ b = 2a
é35 49 ù ALTERNATE SOLUTION : Given equations are
=ê ú
ë 29 13 û 2x + 3y = 7
Hence, option (c) is correct. 2ax + (a + b)y =28
ALTERNATE SOLUTION é 2 3 ù
Matrix form by these equations is ê 2a a + b ú
é5 6 1ù é35 49ù ë ( )û
Given A = ê
2 - 1 5 ú and AB = ê 29 13 ú
ë û 2´3 ë û 2´2
Matrices and Determinants M-443

As we know if value of determinant is zero then system 87. (a) We know if A is a real skew-symmetric matrix of order n
of equations have infinitely many solutions. such that A2 + I = 0, then order of A is 3.
2 3 é1 2 ù
So, 2a a + b = 0 88. (d) Let A = ê ú
ë3 4 û
Þ 2a + 2b - 3 ´ 2a = 0 A = 4 ´ 1 - 2 ´ 3 = 4 - 6 = -2
Þ 2a + 2b - 6a = 0
1 é 4 - 2ù
Þ 2b - 4a = 0 Þ b = 2a \ A-1 = - ê
2 ë -3 1úû
84. (c) The equation of given lines are
3y + 4x = 1 ...(i) é -2 1ù
y=x+5 ...(ii) 1 é 4 - 2ù ê
Þ éëbij ùû = - ê = 3 1ú
and 5y + bx = 3 ...(iii) 2 ë -3 1úû ê - ú
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ë2 2û
x = – 2 and y = 3
1
If these lines are concurrent, then these values must Þ b22 =
satisfy the third equation 2
15 – 2 b = 3 Þ 2 b = 12 Þ b = 6 é 1 -3 2 ù
ALTERNATE SOLUTION : 89. (c) Since, the matrix êê 2 -8 5 úú is not an invertible matrix.
Given equation of lines are
ëê 4 2 l úû
3y + 4x – 1 = 0
x + 5 – y = 0 and therefore it’s determinant is zero.
bx + 5y – 3 = 0
é 1 -3 2 ù
Since, the given lines are concurrent ê 2 -8 5 ú = 0
Þ ê ú
\ The value of determinant made by coeff of equations
is 0. êë 4 2 l úû

4 3 -1 Þ 1 (– 8 l – 10) + 3 (2 l – 20) + 2 (4 + 32) = 0

Þ – 8 l – 10 + 6 l – 60 + 72 = 0
ie, 1 - 1 5 = 0
Þ –2 l+2=0Þ l=1
b 5 -3
é 0 1ù éi 0 ù é 0 -i ù
90. (d) Let A = ê ú , B=ê ú ,C= ê ú
Þ 4 ( 3 - 25) - 3 ( -3 - 5b ) - 1( 5 + b ) = 0 ë -1 0 û ë 0 -i û ë -i 0 û
Þ - 88 + 4 + 14b = 0 é 0 1 ù é 0 1 ù é -1 0 ù
Now, A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú ..... (1)
Þ - 84 = -14b ë-1 0 û ë-1 0 û ë 0 -1û
Þ b =6. é i 0 ù é i 0 ù é-1 0 ù
B2 = ê úê ú=ê ú ...... (2)
cos 15° sin 15° cos 45° cos 15° ë0 -i û ë0 -i û ë 0 -1û
85. (c) Consider cos 45° sin 45° ´ sin 45° sin 15°
From (1) and (2), we have
A2 = B2
= ( sin 45° cos 15° – cos 45° sin 15°)
é 0 -i ù é 0 -i ù é -1 0 ù
Now, C 2 = ê ú=ê
´ ( cos 45° sin 15° - sin 45° cos 15° ) úê
ë -i 0 û ë -i 0 û ë 0 -1û
ú

= - sin ( 45° - 15°) ´ sin ( 45° - 15°) ........ (3)

2
From (2) and (3), we have B = C 2
(using sin (A – B) = – cos A sin B + sin A cos B)
1 1 1 é 0 1 ù é i 0 ù é 0 -i ù
= - sin 30°´ sin 30° = - ´ = - Now, AB = ê úê ú=ê ú =C
2 2 4 ë-1 0 û ë0 -i û ë-i 0 û
86. (d) We know, if A is an n × n matrix, then Now, we find
det ( lA) = l det ( A)
s
é i 0 ù é 0 1ù é0 i ù
BA = ê úê ú =ê ú¹C
But given det ( l A) = l s det A ë0 -i û ë -1 0û ë i 0 û
Þ s=n Hence AB ¹ BA
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6i -3i 1 2- x 1 1
91. (d) Let x + iy = 4 3i -1 Þ 1 3- x 0 = 0
20 3 i -1 -3 -x

Þ x + iy = 6i (3i2 + 3) + 3i (4i + 20) + 1 (12 – 60i) Applying R2 ® R2 + R3

= – 12 + 60i + 12 – 60i = 0 (Q i2 = – 1)
2- x 1 1
Þ x+ iy = 0
Þ x = 0 and y = 0 Þ 0 -x -x = 0
Hence, x – iy = 0 – i (0) = 0 -1 -3 - x
92. (c) Let |A| = 8 and A is a square matrix of order 3. Þ (2 – x) (x2 – 3x) – 1 (– x) + 1 (– x) = 0
We know that |adj A| = |A|n–1. I where Þ (2 – x) (x) (x – 3) = 0
‘n’ is the order of the matrix A. Þ x = 2, 0, 3
\ |adj A| = 83 –1 = 82 = 64 Hence, solution set S = {0, 2, 3}
93. (c) We know, that A matrix ‘A’ is said to be symmetric 99. (a) The inverse of a square matrix if it exists, is unique
A= AT and anti- symmetric if A = – AT but if A and B are singular matrices of order n, then
Now, consider (A+AT)T = AT + (AT)T = AT+A AB is not a singular matrices of order n.
Þ A+AT is always symmetric Hence, only statement I is correct.
Now, consider (A–AT)T = AT – (AT)T = AT–A
= – (A–AT) x +1 x+2 x+4
Þ A–AT is always anti- symmetric. 100. (d) Let D = x + 3 x + 5 x + 8
94. (a) Let A be a matrix such that 3A3 + 2A2 + 5A + I = 0 x + 7 x + 10 x + 14
Post multiply by A–1 on both the sides, we get
By applying C2 ® C2 – C1, C3 ® C3 – C1
3A3 A–1 + 2A2A–1+5AA–1 + IA–1 = 0
Þ 3A2 + 2A + 5I+A–1 = 0 x +1 1 3
Þ A–1 = – (3A2 + 2A + 5I) = x+3 2 5
95. (d) If AB = 0, then it may be concluded that either x+7 3 7
A = 0 or B = 0
But, it should be noticed that it is not necessary that By applying R2 ® R2 – R1 and R3 ® R3 – R2 , we
either A = 0 or B = 0. get
96. (c) We know (adj AT) = (adj A)T
x +1 1 3
Þ (adj AT) – (adj A)T = Null matrix
= 2 1 2
1 w 2w 2 1 w 2w 2 4 1 2

97. (a) Consider 2 2w 2 4w 3 = 2 2w 2 4 = (x + 1) (0) – 1 (4 – 8) + 3 (2 – 4)

3 3w 3
6w 4 3 3 6w =4–6=–2

x 4 5
(Q w3 = 1 and w4 = w)
101. (a) Given, 7 x 7 = 0
1 w 2w 2 5 8 x

= 2 ´ 3 1 w2 2 Þ x (x2 – 56) – 4 (7x – 35) + 5 (56 – 5x) = 0

1 1 2w Þ x3 – 56x – 28x + 140 + 280 – 25x = 0
Þ x3 – 109x + 420 = 0
= 6 [1 (2w3 – 2) – w(2w–2) + 2w2 (1 – w2)] Þ (x – 5) (x – 7) (x + 12) = 0
= 6 [ 0 – 2w2 – 2w + 2w2 – 2w] = 0 Þ x = – 12
Hence, the third root is – 12.
é2 - x 1 1 ù
(a) Let A = ê 1 3- x 0 ú
102. (c) We know,
98.
ê ú System of a pair of linear equations in two variables
êë - 1 - 3 - x úû
are given as
Since, this matrix is singular. a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ... (i)
\ | A|=0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ... (ii)
Matrices and Determinants M-445

This system has no solution if Þ AB = BA

Hence, all the three statements are correct.
a1 b1 c1
= ¹ 106. (a) Given system of equations
a2 b2 c2
3x + 5y = 7 and 6x + 10y = 18
Now, on comparing given equations with (i) and (ii), This system can be written as
we get AX = B where
a1 = k, a2 = 3, b1 = 2, b2 = 1, c1 = – 5, c2 = – 1
For no solution, æ3 5 ö æ xö æ7ö
A =ç ÷, X = ç ÷, B = ç ÷
è 6 10 ø è yø è18 ø
k 2
= Þ k=6 Now, |A| = 30 – 30 = 0
3 1
æ 10 -5ö æ 7 ö æ -20ö
éa b ù and (adj A) B = ç = ¹0
103. (a) Let A= ê ú è -6 3 ÷ø çè18÷ø çè -96÷ø
ëb aû
\ system of equations is inconsistent.
éa b ù éa b ù Þ system of equations have no solution.
\ A2 = ê ú ê ú
ëb aû ëb aû x a 1
107. (a) Given b x 1=0
éa 2 + b 2 2ab ù
=ê ú b g 1
êë 2ab 2 2
a + b úû
Now, A2 = I Þ x ( x - g ) - a ( 0) + 1 ( gb - xb ) = 0

éa 2 + b 2 2ab ù é1 0 ù Þ x2 - x g + g b - x b = 0
Þ ê ú= ê ú
êë 2ab a 2 + b 2 úû ë 0 1 û Þ x2 - ( g + b) x + g b = 0
2 2
Þ a + b = 1, ab = 0
Þx=
( g + b) ± g 2 + b2 - 2g b
Þ a = 0, b = 1
2
or b = 0, a = 1
(Q roots of Quad. eqn. ax2 + bx + c = 0 are
éa 0ù
104. (b) Let A = ê ú
ë 1 1û -b ± b2 - 4ac
)
2a
éa 0ù éa 0ù
Þ A2 = ê ú ê ú ( g + b) ± ( g - b )
ë 1 1û ë 1 1 û Þx=
2
é a 2 0ù g +b+g -b g +b-g +b
Þ A2 = ê ú Þx= ,
ëêa + 1 1úû 2 2
But it is given that Þ x = g, b.
A2 = B
x a 1
éa 2
0ù é 1 0 ù Hence, roots of the equation b x 1 = 0 are
Þ ê ú = ê ú
êëa + 1 1úû ë 2 1 û b g 1

Þ a+1=2 independent of a.
Þ a=1 a-b b+c a
é3 1ù é1 1 ù 108. (c) Given b - c c + a b
105. (d) Let A = ê ú and B = ê 0 2ú
ë 0 4û ë û c-a a+b c
C1 ® C1 – C3.
é 3 1 ù é1 1 ù é 3 5ù
Now, AB = ê ú ê ú =ê ú -b b+c a
ë 0 4û ë 0 2û ë0 8û
= -c c+a b
é1 1 ù é 3 1 ù é 3 5ù -a a+b c
and BA = ê ú ê ú = ê0 8ú
ë 0 2û ë 0 4û ë û
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C2 ® C2 + C1.
æ 0ö æ0ö
-b c a b c a Þ (1 + 9 + 4 3 6 + 2 ) ç 3 ÷ = ç 0 ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷
= - c a b = ( -1) c a b ç x÷ ç0÷
è ø è ø
-a b c a b c
æ 0ö æ0ö
( ) ( ) (
= - 1 éb ac - b 2 - c c 2 - ab + a bc - a 2 ù
êë úû ) Þ (14 3 8) çç 3 ÷÷ = çç 0 ÷÷
ç x ÷ ç0÷
è ø è ø
= - é abc - b3 - c 3 + abc + abc - a 3 ù
ë û -9
= a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc. Þ 9 + 8x = 0 Þ x =
8
p -q 0 -9
Hence, for x =
0 p q =0 8
109. (c) Let
q 0 p
æ1 3 0öæ0ö
Þ p(p2) + q (–q2) + 0 = 0 (1 3 2 ) çç 3 0 2 ÷÷ çç 3 ÷÷ = ( 0 ) holds.
Þ p3 – q3 = 0 ç2 0 1÷ç x ÷
è øè ø
Þ p3 = q3
113. (b) Only statement - 3 is correct
p3 3
Þ = 1 Þ æç p ö÷ = 1 é1 0 0ù
q3 èqø ê0 1 0ú
Unit matrix = ê ú
p êë0 0 1 úû
Þ is one of the cube roots of unity..
q 114. (b) Since, Inverse is unique.
110. (b) Let a–1 + b–1 + c–1 = 0 \ B should be equal to C.

1 1 1 é 1 2ù é1 0 ù
Þ + + =0 115. (a) Let A = ê ú and B = ê1 0 ú
a b c ë 2 3û ë û

Þ bc + ac + ab é 1 2 ù é1 0 ù é3 0ù
=0 AB = ê Þ AB = ê
abc ú ê ú ú
ë 2 3 û ë1 0 û ë5 0û
Þ ab + bc + ca = 0 ...(1)
1+ a 1 1
So, |AB| = 0 (Q one column is zero )
1+ b
1 1
Consider =l -a 2 ab ac
1 1 1+ c
Þ (1+ a)[(1+ b)(1+ c) – 1] – (1+ c – 1) + (1 – 1 – b) = l ab - b2 bc
116. (c) Consider
Þ (1 + a) (c + b + bc) – c – b = l ac bc - c2
Þ bc + ac + ab + abc = l
Þ abc = l (using (1)) Take out ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ common from R1, R2 and R3
111. (a) If the matrix AB is zero then it is not necessary that respectively.
either A = 0 or B = 0
-a b c
therefore statement 2 is incorrect.
Let AB = 0 = abc a -b c
a b -c
Þ AB = 0
Now, take out ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ common from C1, C2 and
Þ A B = 0 Þ either A = 0 or B = 0 C3 respectively.
112. (d) Given
-1 1 1
2 2 2
æ 1 3 0 öæ 0 ö æ 0 ö =a b c 1 -1 1
ç ÷ç ÷ ç ÷
(1 3 2 ) ç 3 0 2 ÷ç 3 ÷ = ç 0 ÷ 1 1 -1
ç 2 0 1 ÷ç x ÷ ç 0 ÷
è øè ø è ø Applying R2 ® R2 + R1, R3 ® R3 + R1
Matrices and Determinants M-447

124. (d) As we know that if each element of any row (or column)
-1 1 1 of a determinant is multiplied by the same number, then
2 2 2
= a b c 0 0 2 = a2b2c2 [(– 1) (– 4)] the value of determinant is multiplied by that number.
0 2 0 125. (c) The inverse of a diagonal matrix is a diagonal matrix.
126. (c) We have,
= 4a2b2c2.
117. (a) Given AB = A and BA = B é3 4ù
Consider B = BA = B(AB) (Q AB = A ) A = êê 5 6 úú
êë7 8 úû
= (BA).B = B.B = B2
Hence, B2 = B
é3 5 7ù
118. (a) (1) Since sum of matrices exist therefore A and B are AT = ê ú=B
square matrices of same order. ë4 6 8û
(2) Non-singularity of A and B does not depend on \ B is the transpose of A
sum and product of A and B. 127. (b) We have,
119. (c) Let A2 = I
Þ A2A–1 = IA–1 éxù é yù é z ù é10ù
êxú + ê yú + ê0ú = ê5ú
Þ A = A–1 ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
120. (a) It is a property. êë y úû êë z úû êë0úû êë 5 úû

8 -5 1
éx + y + zù é10ù
5 x 1 =2 ê x+y ú = ê5ú
121. (d) Since
6 3 1 Þ ê ú ê ú
êë y + z úû êë 5 úû
Þ 8(x – 3) + 5(5 – 6) + 1(15 – 6x) = 2
Þ x + y + z = 10 .... (i)
Þ 8x – 24 – 5 + 15 – 6x = 2
x+y= 5 .... (ii)
Þ 2x = 16
y+ z = 5 .... (iii)
Þx=8
from (ii), x = 5 – y
éa h g ù é x ù from (iii), z = 5 – y
122. (b) Given [ x y z ] êê h b f úú êê y úú \ from (i),
êë g f c úû êë z úû 5 – y + y + 5 – y = 10

Þ10 – y = 10 Þ y = 0
éa h g ù
128. (c) If matrix AB = 0 then it is not necessary that either A is
Consider [ x y z ]1 ´ 3 êê h b f úú zero matrix or B is zero matrix.
êë g f c úû
3´3
é a 2 2ù
Þ order of product = 1 × 3 129. (a) Let A = êê -3 0 4 úú
éxù ëê 1 -1 1 úû
ê y ú = 3 ´1
Now, order of product = 1 × 3 and order of ê ú a 2 2
êë z úû
A = -3 0 4
\ Required order = 1 × 1 1 -1 1
123. (b) |A| = – 1, |B| = 1
| A | = a (0 + 4) – 2 (–3 –4) + 2 (3 – 0) = 4a + 20
T
1 1 é 1 -1ù é -1 2 ù Since A–1 does not exist,
A -1 = AdjA = ê ú = ê 1 -1ú
A -1 ë -2 1 û ë û \ |A|=0
4 a + 20 = 0
T 4 a = – 20
1 1 é2 -1ù é 2 1ù
B-1 = adjB = ê ú = ê -1 0 ú
B 1 ë1 0 û ë û a = -5

é 2 1 ù é -1 2 ù é -1 3 ù
B-1A -1 = ê úê ú=ê ú
ë -1 0 û ë 1 -1û ë 1 -2 û
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136. (a) Let A be orthogonal matrix, therefore AAT = 1
2 2 2
x 1 y +z Þ |AAT| = 1 Þ |A|. |AT| = 1
130. (a) Let D = y 2
1 z2 + x 2 Þ |A|2 = 1
Þ |A| = ± 1
z 2 1 x 2 + y2
137. (a) D¢ = cofactor D
Applying C1 ® C1 + C3. Þ |D¢| = |cofactor D|
Þ |D¢| = |D|3 – 1.
x 2 + y2 + z 2 1 y2 + z2 Þ |D¢| = |D|2.
D = x 2 + y2 + z 2 1 z 2 + x 2 So D¢ = D2.
138. (c) Both the statements are correct.
x 2 + y2 + z 2 1 x 2 + y2
139. (d) If B = A–1, then AB = I (identity matrix)
Therefore, statement 1 is false.
1 1 y2 + z 2

(
D = x 2 + y 2 + z2 ) 1 1 z2 + x2
é1 0ù é 0 2ù é1 0ù
I = ê 0 1ú and A = ê 2 0ú , then IA = ê 0 1ú
ë û ë û ë û
1 1 x 2 + y2
é 0 2ù
D = 0 [Q C1 & C2 are identical] ê 2 0ú = 0
ë û
131. (b) Scalar Matrix. Therefore, statement 2 is not correct.
We know that, A = [aij]nxn is called a scalar matrix if a ij
= 0 for i ¹ j and aij = k for i = j [where k is constant] æ1 2 1ö æ 1 1 1ö 1 1 1
ç ÷ ç ÷
132. (a) Since, A and B are two non-singular matrices therefore 140. (a) 1. ç a 2a 1÷ = 2 a a 1 = 2 a a 1 = 0
çb ç ÷
their determinant is non-zero. è 2b 1 ÷ø è b b 1ø b b 1
\ A–1 and B –1 defined.
Hence matrix is singular.
Consider AB = A Þ A–1 AB = A–1 A Þ B = I
19 2 c c 1
c 2c 1 c c 1
133. (b) Minor of element 9 = = 19 - 26 = -7 =2a a 1 =0
13 1 2. a 2a 1 = 2 a a 1
b b 1
b 2b 1 b b 1
134. (b) 1(t – 2) – (t – 1) [(t – 1)2 – 1] + 1 (t – 2) = 0 Hence matrix is singular.
Þ (t – 2) – t (t – 1) (t – 2) + (t – 2) = 0 141. (c) Co-factor of 4 = (–1)3 (2 × 9 – 3 × 8) = – (–6) = 6
Þ (t – 2) [1 – (t – 1) (t) + 1] = 0 142. (b) |adj A| = |A|n–1 {n is order of square matrix}
Þ (t – 2) (t2 – t – 2) = 0 If A is square matrix of order 3, then |adj A| = |A|2
Þ (t – 2) (t – 2) (t + 1) = 0
æ i 0 ö æ 0 -1ö æ 0 -iö
Þ t = 2, t = – 1 143. (a) AB = ç =ç ÷
Hence, required roots are –1, 2. è 0 -1÷ø çè 1 0 ÷ø è -i 0 ø

m n p æ0 iö
AB = – ç =–C
p m n è i 0÷ø
135. (c) Consider
n p m é2 1ù
144. (d) Given, 2A = ê ú
C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3. ë 3 2û
m+n+p n p
æ 1ö
= p+m+n m n ç1 2÷
A= ç ÷
n+p+m p m ç3
ç 1 ÷÷
Take m + n + p common from C1. è2 ø
1 n p 1
= (m + n + p) 1 m n |A| =
4
1 p m
æ 1ö
ç 1 - ÷
( 2 2
)
= (m + n + p) éêë m + n + p - mn - np - pm ùúû
2
ç
adj A = ç -3
2
÷
ç 1 ÷÷
Hence, value of the determinant has linear factor. è 2 ø
Matrices and Determinants M-449

æ 1ö 1 2
ç 1 -2÷ 1 2 -4
4ç ÷ æ 4 -2ö II. BA = 2 1 -4 2 ´ 3
2 1
A–1 = ç -3 = ç ÷
ç 1 ÷÷ è -6 4 ø 1 1 3´ 2
è 2 ø
1 0
æ 2 3ö æ 5 -2ö æ 1 -1ö
145. (b) çè 4 1÷ø ´ çè -3 1 ÷ø = çè17 l ÷ø = 0 1
2´ 2

Here, B is not the right inverse of A

æ 1 -1ö æ 1 -1 ö
çè17 -7÷ø = ç 17 l ÷ but B is the left inverse of A.
è ø
x+a b c
l=–7
a x+b c
149. (c) =0
1 bc a (b + c) a b x+c
146. (a) 1 ac b (c + a)
Applying, C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3
1 ab c (a + b)
(a + b + c + x) b c
Applying C3 ® C2 + C3
(a + b + c + x) x + b c
=0
1 bc ab + bc + ac (a + b + c + x) b c+x
1 ac ab + bc + ac
1 ab ab + bc + ac 1 b c
1 x+b c
(a + b + c + x) =0
1 bc 1 1 b x+c
= (ab + bc + ac) 1 ac 1
C2 ® C2 – C1, C3 ® C3 – C1
1 ab 1
1 b c
= (ab + bc + ac) × 0 = 0
0 x 0
(a + b + c + x) =0
é0 1 2ù 0 0 x
147. (a) A = êê -1 0 -3úú
(a + b + c + x) 1. x2 = 0
êë -2 3 0 úû
x = 0, – (a + b + c) (Q x ¹ 0)
é 0 -1 -2ù é0 1 2ù 150. (c) A A is defined only when A is a matrix of order m × n
ê1 0 3 ú ê -1 0 -3ú where m = n.
AT = ê ú =– ê ú = –A A × A = (m × n) (m × n) = (m × n) (n × n) if m = n
ëê 2 -3 0 úû ëê -2 3 0 úû
= m × n = n × n or m × m.
Hence, A is skew symmetric matrix = A is a square matrix.
151. (a) We know that, elements of principal diagonals of a
0 1 2
skew-symmetric matrix are all zero.
-1 0 -3
|A| = = 1 (– 6) –2 (– 3) = –6 + 6 = 0
-2 3 0 0 a b 0 a b
A = –a 0 – c Þ | A | –a 0 –c
Therefore A is non-invertible.
–b c 0 3 ´ 3 –b c 0
1 2
1 2 -4 = abc – abc = 0
2 1
148. (b) I. AB = 2 1 -4 152. (c) If any two adjacent rows or columns of a determinant
1 1 3´ 2 2´3
are interchanged in position, the value of the
determinant changes its sign.
5 4 -12
a b c a +b+c b c
4 5 -12
= 153. (c) b c a = a +b+c c a
3 3 -8 3´ 3 c a b a +b+c a b
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(Applying C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3) 160. (d) Q A = A¢

1 b c æ 4 x + 2ö æ 4 2x - 3ö
Þç ÷ =ç
= (a + b + c) 1 c a è 2x - 3 x + 1ø è x + 2 x + 1 ÷ø
1 a b Þ 2x – 3 = x + 2
\x=5
[on taking (a + b + c) common from C1]
= (a + b + c) [1 (bc – a2) – b (b – a) + c (a – c)] a b 0
= (a + b + c) [bc – a2 – b2 + ab + ac – c2] 0 a b
161. (b)
= (a + b + c) [– (a 2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)] b 0 a
1 = a [a2 – 0] – b [– b2] + 0
= - (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
2 = a3 + b3 = 0
Hence, the determinant value is Negative Þ a3= – b3
154. (d) We have, AB = A 3
\ A2 = (AB). (AB) = A. (BA) B æ aö
Þ ç ÷ = –1
= ABB (Q BA = B) è bø
= AB = A (Q AB = A) a
Also, B2 = (BA). (BA) = B. (AB). A Hence, is one of the cube roots of –1
b
= B.A.A (Q AB = A) 162. (c) We know that, |kA| = kn |A|, where n is order of matrix A.
= B.A = B (Q BA = B) \ |3AB| = 32 |A| |B| (Q |AB| = |A| |B|)
Again, (AB)2 = (AB). (AB) = A. (BA) B = 9 (–1) (3)
= A.B.B (Q BA = B) = –27 (Q |A| = – 1, |B| = 3)
= A.B = A (Q AB = A) 163. (b)
é1 5 0ù
6i -3i 1 ê0 1 0ú
ê ú
155. (d) 4 3i -1 êë 0 0 1 úû
20 3 i
An elementary matrix has each diagonal element 1. So,
= 6i [3i2 + 3] + 3i [4i + 20] + 1 [12 – 60i] option (b) is correct answer.
= 6i [–3 + 3] + 12i2 + 60i + 12 – 60i é 2 7ù
= – 12 + 12 = 0 = x + iy 164. (c) A= ê ú
ë 1 5û
\x=0
1
æ 1 3ö æ 1 1ö Now, A–1 = adj (A)
156. (a) Q çè 0 1÷ø A = çè 0 -1÷ø A

1 é 5 –7 ù
æ 1 3ö
Let B = ç 0 1÷ and |B| = 1
=
(10 – 7) êë –1 2 úû
è ø
1 é 5 –7 ù
æ 1 -3ö æ 1 ö =
\ B–1 = ç 0
-1
çèQ A = | A | adjA÷ø 3 êë –1 2 úû
è 1÷ø
é 5 –7 ù
æ 1 -3ö æ 1 1ö æ 1 4ö Þ 3A–1 = ê ú
\A= ç0 = ë –1 2 û
è 1÷ø çè 0 -1÷ø çè 0 -1÷ø
157. (b) 1. We know that, determinant is not a square matrix, so é 2 7 ù é 5 –7 ù
it is not a true statement.
Now, A + 3A–1 = ê ú+ê ú
ë 1 5 û ë –1 2 û
2. It is true that, determinant is a number associated
with a square matrix. é 7 0ù é1 0ù
= ê ú = 7ê ú = 7I where I is Identity Matrix.
Hence, Statement 2 is correct ë 0 7û ë0 1û
1
158. (b) det (A–1) = é 0 – 4 + iù
det A 165. (d) The given matrix A = ê
ë 4 + i 0 úû
159. (a) From the matrix equation, AB = AC, where A, B and C
are the square matrices of same order. Now, from options:
We can conclude B = C provided and A is non-singular. From option (a): For Symmetric matrix
Matrices and Determinants M-451

AT = A 1 1 é 2 –1ù
and A–1 = adj (A) =
é 0 4 + iù A 1 êë –1 1 úû
Now, AT = ê ¹A
ë– 4 + i 0 úû
1 1 é 2 –1ù
and B–1 = adj (B) = ê
\ The given matrix is not symmetric
B 3 ë –1 2 úû
\ option (a) is wrong.
From option (b): For Skew-symmetric matrix é2 –1 ù
AT = –A é 2 –1ù ê3 3ú
Now, A–1 + B–1 = ê ú +ê ú
é 0 4 + iù ë –1 1 û ê –1 2ú
= ê ¹ –A ëê 3 3 ûú
ë –4 + i 0 úû
\ Given matrix is not skew-symmetric
é 8 – 4ù
\ option (b) is wrong. ê 3 3ú
From option (c): For Hermitian matrix = ê – 4 5 ú ¹ (A + B)–1
ê ú
AT = A, where A is conjugate of matrix A êë 3 3 úû

é 0 – 4 – iù \ Statement 2 is wrong
A =ê ¹ AT
ë 4 – i 0 úû \ Option (d) is correct.

\ option (c) is wrong. é3 – 4ù é 5 2ù ép qù

167. (a) X= ê ú, B = ê –2 1 ú and A = êr sú
From option (d): For Skew-Hermitian matrix ë1 –1 û ë û ë û
The diagonal element of a skew-hermitian matrix are Now, AX = B
pure imaginary or zero.
é p q ù é3 – 4 ù é 5 2 ù
é 0 – 4 + iù \ ê r s ú ê1 –1 ú = ê –2 1ú
A= ê ë û ë û ë û
ë4 + i 0 úû
Here, diagonal element indicates that the given matrix é3p + q –4p – q ù é 5 2 ù
Þ ê 3r + s =
is skew-hermitian matrix. ë –4r – s úû êë –2 1 úû
\ option (d) is correct. 3p + q = 5 ... (i)
166. (d) Non-singular matrix is a matrix whose determinate Value – 4p – q = 2 ... (ii)
is non-zero.
3r + s = –2 ... (iii)
é1 1 ù é 2 1ù –4r – s = 1 ... (iv)
Let A = ê ú and B = ê 1 2ú
ë1 2 û ë û From equations (i) and (ii), we get
–p = 7
Here, A and B are non-singular matrix
\ p = –7
Now from Statement 1:
Þ q = 5 – 3(–7)
é1 1 ù é 2 1 ù é 3 2 ù q = 26
A+B= ê ú+ê ú=ê ú
ë1 2 û ë1 2 û ë 2 4 û From equations (iii) and (iv),
det (A + B) = 12 – 4 = 8 –r = –1
\ r=1
1 1
Now det (A) = =1 Þ s = –2 – 3 = –5
1 2
\ s = –5
2 1 é p q ù é –7 26 ù
and det (B) = =3 Hence, A = ê ú=ê ú
1 2 ë r s û ë 1 –5û
Now, det (A + B) = 4 ¹ det (A + B) \ Option (a) is correct.
\ Statement 1 is wrong.
Now from Statement 2: éx + y y ù
168. (a) A= ê
1 ë 2x x – y úû
(A + B)–1 = adj (A + B)
A+B
é2ù é 3ù
B = ê ú and C = ê ú
1 é 4 –2 ù ë –1û ë 2û
=
8 êë –2 3 úû
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Here AB = C
171. (a) é1 3 2 ù
éx + y y ù é 2 ù é 3ù ê
A = 1 x -1 1 ú
\ ê 2x = ê ú
ë x – y úû êë –1úû êë 2 úû êë 2 7 x - 3úû

é2 (x + y) –y ù é 3ù |A| = 1[(x – 1)(x – 3) – 7] – 3[(x – 3) – 2] + 2[7 – 2(x – 1)]

Þ ê ú =ê ú = x2 – 11x + 29
ë 4x –x + yû ë 2û
If inverse will not exist then |A| = 0
2x + y = 3 ... (i)
x2 – 11x + 29 = 0
3x + y = 2 ... (ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get 11 ± 5
x=
x = –1 and y = 5 2
é4 5ù a 1 1
\ A= ê ú
ë –2 –6û 1 b 1 >0
172. (b)
é4 5ù é4 5ù 1 1 c
Now, A2 = ê ú ê –2
ë –2 –6û ë –6úû Þ a(bc – 1) – 1(c – 1) + 1(1 – b) > 0
Þ abc – a – c + 1 + 1 – b > 0
é16 – 10 20 – 30 ù é 6 –10ù Þ abc + 2 – (a + b + c) > 0
= ê ú=ê ú
ë –8 + 12 –10 + 36 û ë 4 26 û Þ abc > (a + b + c) – 2
\ Option (a) is correct. Let; a = –1; b = 0 & c = 1
Then; 0 > –2 [which is correct]
1 1 1 Hence, abc = 0
169. (c) 1 1+ x 1 \ After considering all the option; (b) is correct option.s
1 1 1+ y 173. (c) a + b = 90°
= [(1 + x) (1 + y) – 1] – 1(1 + y – 1) + 1(1 – 1 – x) a a
cos 2 sin 2
= 1 + x + y + xy – 1 – y – x 2 2
= xy 2b 2b
sin cos
\ Option (c) is correct. 2 2
é cos q sin q ù a b a b
170. (c) E (q) = ê ú = cos
2
cos 2 - sin 2 sin 2
ë – sin q cos qû 2 2 2 2
é cos a sin a ù æ a b a b öæ a b a bö
Now E (a) = ê ú = ç cos cos + sin sin ÷ç cos cos - sin sin ÷
ë – sin a cos a û è 2 2 2 2 øè 2 2 2 2ø

é cos b sin b ù ( a - b) ´ cos ( a + b)

and E (b) = ê ú = cos
ë – sin b cos b û 2 2

é cos a sin a ù é cos b sin b ù

( a - b ) ´ cos ( 90°)
= cos
Now E (a) E(b) = ê ú ê ú 2 2
ë – sin a cos a û ë – sin b cos b û
( a - b) ´ 1
é cos a × cos b cos a sin b ù = cos
2 2
ê – sin a sin b + sin a cos b ú
= ê – sin a cos b – sin a sin b ú æ a -b ö
ê ú
Maximum value of cos ç ÷ is 1. So maximum value
ëê – cos a sin b + cos a cos bûú è 2 ø

é cos (a + b) sin (a + b ) ù æ 1 ö
of determinent is ç
=ê ú è 2 ÷ø
ë – sin (a + b) cos (a + b )û
So both 1 and 2 are correct.
= E(a + b)
174. (d) Q 2X + 3A = 0
\ Option (c) is correct.
-3
Þ x= A
2
Matrices and Determinants M-453

-3 é 1 0 -2 ù 1- a a b+c
Þ x=
2 êë 2 -3 4 úû 1- b b c + a
1- c c a + b
é 3 ù
ê- 2 0 3ú
apply C1 ® C1 + C2
Þ X=ê ú
ê -3 9
-6 ú 1 a b+c
êë 2 úû
1 b c+a
é1 1 -1ù é -1 -2 -1ù 1 c a+b
ê ú ê ú
175. (b) A = ê 2 -3 4 ú ; B = ê 6 12 6 ú apply C3 ® C2 + C3
êë 3 -2 3 úû ëê 5 10 5 ûú
1 a 1
é0 0 0 ù ( a + b + c) 1 b 1 =0
AB = êê0 0 0 úú 1 c 1
êë0 0 0 úû
x3 sin x cos x
é -8 7 -10ù 179. (d) f ( x) = 6 -1 0
BA = êê 48 -42 60 úú
2
p p p3
êë 40 -35 50 úû
3x2 cos x - sin x x 3 sin x cos x
as AB ¹ BA
f '( x ) = 6 -1 0 + 6 -1 0
So A and B are not commute.
176. (a) If A is a matrix that is invertible then det- (kA) will be p p 2
p 3 0 0 0
kn . det(A), where n is the order.
-1 x3 sin x cos x
\ éë det ( KA ) ùû det ( A )
+ 0 0 0
-1 2
= é ( K ) n ´ det ( A ) ù .det ( A ) p p p3
ëê ûú

1 3x 2 cos x - sin x
= K-n ´ ´ det ( A )
det ( A ) f '( x ) = 6 -1 0
2
= K–n p p p3
177. (a) The determinent of a orthogonal matrix is always ±1
|A| = ±1 0 cos 0 - sin 0
f '(0) = 6 -1 0
é 1 2 3ù 2
p3
B = êê -3 0 2úú
p p

ëê 2 5 0 úû = –6p3

|B| = – 10 – 2(–4) + 3(– 15) 180. (a) 6 x - sin x - cos x

= – 47 f ''( x ) = 6 -1 0
|AB| = |A| |B|
p p2 p3
= ( ±1) (– 47)
= ±47 0 0 - cos 0
f ''(0) = 6 -1 0
1- a a - b - c b + c
2
1- b b - c - a c+a p p p3
178. (a)
1- c c - a - b a + b = –1 (6p2 + p)
f ''(0) = 0
apply C2 ® C2 + C3
– (6p2 + p) = 0
 EBD_7346
M-454 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
p (6p + 1) = 0
5 1 5
1 =8 9 7 9 =0
p = 0 or p = -
6
3 5 3
éa b ù Q two columns are same so value of determinant is zero.
181. (b) Let [ A] = ê ú
ëc d û
1 a b+c 1 a+b+c b+c
-1 1 1 b c+a = 1 a+b+c c+a
A = (adj. A) 2. C2 ® C2 + C3
| A| 1 c a+b 1 a+b+c a+b
T
1 é d -c ù 1 é d -b ù 1 1 b+c
= ê -b a ú = ê ú
(ad - bc) ë û (ad - bc) ë -c a û
= (a + b + c ) 1 1 c + a = 0
T 1 1 a +b
1 éa c ù 1 éa b ù
adj ( A-1 ) = ê ú = ê ú
(ad - bc) ë b d û (ad - bc) ë c d û Q two columns are same so value of determinant is zero.
...(1) 0 c b
é d -b ù -c 0 a =0
adjA = ê 3.
ú -b -a 0
ë -c a û
| adj A| = (ad – bc) Q diagonal is zero so value of determinant is zero.
T 184. (a) Linear equations
-1 1 éa c ù 1 éa b ù Kx + y + z = 1
(adj A) = = ...(2)
| adj A | êëb d úû ad - bc êë c d úû x + Ky + z = 1
Subtracting eqn. (1) and (2), x + y + Kz = 1

é 0 0ù éK 1 1 ù é x ù é1ù
adj ( A –1 ) - (adj A) –1 = ê ú ê1
ë 0 0û ê K 1 úú êê y úú = êê1úú
= null matrix. êë 1 1 K úû êë z úû êë1úû

é -1 1 ù A X = B
182. (b) A=ê ú
ë 1 -1û X = A-1B
é -1 1 ù é -1 1 ù Linear equantion will have unique solution when A–1
A. A = ê úê ú exist :
ë 1 -1û ë 1 -1û
| A |¹ 0
é 2 -2 ù é -1 1 ù
=ê ú = -2 ê 1 -1ú
ë - 2 2 û ë û éK 1 1ù
ê 1 úú ¹ 0
A2 = –2A ê1 K

é -1 1 ù é -1 1 ù ëê 1 1 K ûú
A2 . A = -2 ê úê ú
ë 1 -1û ë 1 -1û K ( K 2 - 1) - 1( K - 1) + 1(1 - K ) ¹ 0
é 2 -2 ù é -1 1 ù Þ K 3 - K - K +1+1- K ¹ 0
= -2 ê ú = 4ê ú
ë -2 2 û ë 1 -1û Þ K 3 - 3K + 2 ¹ 0
A3 = 4A
( K - 1)( K 2 + K - 2) ¹ 0
2 3
Hence A ¹ - A, A = 4 A
( K - 1)( K - 1)( K + 2) ¹ 0
183. (d) 1. 41 1 5 40 1 5 C1 ® C1 - C2 K ¹ 1, K ¹ 1 and K ¹ -2
79 7 9 = 72 7 9
Þ K ¹ 1 and K ¹ -2
29 5 3 24 5 3
185. (d) | A | = 5 Þ | 2A | = 23 × 5 = 40
Matrices and Determinants M-455

1 1 1 é -24 - 36 + 15ù é -45ù

Þ| A-1 |= Þ| (2 A)-1 |= =
|A| | 2 A | 40 ê 8 + 12 - 15 ú = ê 5 ú ¹ 0
For k = 15, (Adj A)B = ê ú ê ú
êë 16 + 24 - 30 úû êë 10 úû
éa h gù
186. (d) [x y z] êh b fú (Q system is inconsistent i.e., it has no solution)
ê ú
ëê g f c ûú é -24 - 36 + 60ù é0 ù
ê 8 + 12 - 20 ú = ê0 ú = 0
= [ ax + hy + gz hx + by + fz gx + fy + cz ] For k = 20, (Adj A)B = ê ú ê ú
êë 16 + 24 - 40 úû êë0 úû
187. (c) ax3 + bx2 + cx+d
= (x +1) [(x + 1) (5x –1) – x(3x + 4)] –2x [(2x + 3) (5x – 1) (Q system has infinitely many solutions)
– x(2 – x)] + 3x [(2x + 3)(3x + 4) – (2 – x)(x + 1)]
é1 -1ù é2 3ù
Þ ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = x3 + 28x2 + 35x – 1 192. (d) Here, A = ê ú and B=ê ú
ë2 3 û ë -1 -2 û
Þ c = 35
188. (b) a + b + c + d = 63 | A |= 3 - (-2) = 5 and | B |= -4 - (-3) = -1
é cos q 0 ù é 0 sin q ù 1 é 3 1ù é -2 -3ù
189. (c) m cos q - n sin q = ê 0 ú -ê Þ A -1 = -1
ë cos q û ë - sin q 0 úû 5ë
ê -2 1ú and B = -1 ê 1 2 úû
û ë
écos q -sin q ù é3 5 ù 1 é 5 7ù
=ê ú AB = ê A-1 B -1 = ê
ë sin q cos q û ú and ú
ë1 0 û 5 ë -5 8 û
det. (m cos θ - n sin θ) = cos 2 θ - ( - sin 2q) 1 é -10 -61ù
Þ AB ( A-1B -1 ) = ê ¹ 1.
2 2 5ë 5 7 úû
= cos θ + sin q = 1.
| AB |= 0 - 5 = -5
écos θ - sin θ 0ù écos f - sin f 0ù
190. (d) f (θ)= sin θ cosθ 0 &f (f) ê sin f cos f 0 ú
ê ú
-1 é 0 -5ù
ê ú ê ú \ ( AB) -1 = ê
-1 -1
ú¹A B
ëê 0 0 1úû ëê 0 0 1ûú 5 ë -1 3 û

écosθ cos f - sin θsin f - cosθsin f - sin θcos f 0 ù é2 3 5 ù é9ù

f (θ) × f (f) = êêsin θcos f + cos θsin f - sin θsin f + cos θcos f 0 úú 193. (b) ê
A = ê7 3 -2ú ú and B = ê8ú
ê ú
êë 0 0 1 úû ëê 2 3 l úû êëµ úû
(using Trigonometric Identities)
é 3l + 6 15 - 3l -21ù
Þ f (θ) ´ f (f) = f (q + f ) .
ê -(7l + 4) 2l - 10 39 ú
(Adj A) = ê ú
Also, det, [ f (θ) ´ f (f) ] =1 éëcos (q + f) - (-sin (q + f))ùû
2 2
êë 15 0 -15úû
For infinitely many solutions :
= cos2 (q + f) + sin 2 (q + f) = 1.
& det.(f(x)) = (cos2x – (– sin2x) = cos2x + sin 2x = 1. é 27l + 54 + 120 - 24l - 21m ù é0ù
For x = –x ê ú ê ú
(Adj A)B = 0 Þ ê -63l - 36 + 16l - 80 + 39m ú = ê0ú
det.(f(–x)) = cos2(–x) + Sin2(–x) = 1
êë 135 + 0 - 15m úû êë0úû
Hence, det.(f(–x)) = det.(f(x))
Hence, det.(f(x)) is even function. Hence, m = 9 and l = 5.
é1 1 1 ù é x ù é 8 ù 194. (c) For unique solution :
ê1 -1 2 ú ê y ú = ê 6 ú | A |¹ 0 Þ 2(3l + 6) - 3(7l + 4) + 5(21 - 6) ¹ 0
191. (a) Here ê ú ê ú ê ú or AX = B.
êë3 -1 5 úû êë z úû ëê k ûú Þl ¹5.
| A | = 0 (Q the system does not have a unique solution) and m can have any real value.

é -3 -6 3 ù é8 ù 195. (c) A = é a2 a2 ù , det (A3) = 125

ë û
ê 1 2 -1ú ê 6ú
Now, (Adj A) = ê ú and B = ê ú |A3| = 125 Þ |A| = 5
ëê 2 4 -2úû ëê k ûú \ a2 – 4 = 5 Þ a2 = 9 Þ a = ± 3
 EBD_7346
M-456 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
–1 –1
196. (b) |B AB| = |B | |A| |B| Þ y= – 2
1 So, 3x – 2 = 4 Þ 3x = 6 Þ x = 2
= A B 1
B Q |B–1| = B é 0 -2 ù é 0 -2 ù é 0 -2 ù
\ A = ê2 4 ú , A2 = ê úê ú
= |A| ë û ë2 4 û ë2 4 û

197. (d) 0 x -a x -b é -4 -8 ù
=ê ú
x+a 0 x-c =0 ë 8 12 û
x+b x+c 0
201. (c) 1 1 1
We know, the value of symmetric matrix’s determinant c 2 ® c 2 - c1
1 1 + xyz 1 c3 ® c3 - c1
is 0 0 -a -b
1 1 1 + xyz
a 0 -c = 0
b c 0 1 0 0
In the given matrix, determinant is 0, if x = 0 ( )
= 1 xyz 0 = 1 x 2 y 2 z 2 - 0 = x 2 y 2 z 2
1 0 xyz
é cos a sin a ù
198. (b) A =ê ú
ë - sin a cos a û x y 0
202. (d)
é cos a sin a ù écos a - sin a ù
AA T = ê
0 x ( ) (
y = 0 Þ x x 2 - 0 - y 0 - y2 + 0 = 0 )
úê ú y 0 x
ë - sin a cos a û ë sin a cos a û
Þ x3 + y3 = 0
é cos 2 a + sin 2 a - cos a sin a + sin a cos a ù
=ê ú Þ x3 = – y3
êë- sin a cos a + sin a cos a sin 2 a + cos 2 a úû
3
x3 æxö x
é1 0 ù Þ 3 = -1 Þ ç ÷ = -1 Þ = -1
=ê y è yø y
ú
ë0 1 û
203. (b) determinant of B = 1
199. (a) x + 2y + 3z = 1 Let ‘B’ be identity matrix
2x + y + 3z = 2
5x + 5y + 9z = 4 1 0 0
Writing in matrix form, Ax = B So, B = 0 1 0
0 0 1
é1 2 3ù
A = êê2 1 3úú If we interchange any 2 rows, determinant will be – 1
êë5 5 9úû
1 0 0
|A| = 1 (9 – 15) – 2 (18 – 15) + 3 (10 – 5) Let, C = 0 0 1 , C = -1
= – 6 – 2 (3) + 3 (5) = – 12 + 15 = 3 ¹ 0 0 1 0
So, these equations have unique solution
Here, number of elements in B and C are equal.
éx + y y ù é3ù é4ù
A=ê ,B= ê -2 ú , c = é cos q sin q ù
y úû ê -2 ú
200. (d)
ë x x - ë û ë û 204. (a) A=ê ú
ë - sin q cos q û
AB = C
é 3x + 3y - 2y ù é4ù n é cos nq sin nq ù
Þ ê3x - 2x + 2y ú = ê -2ú We know, A = ê - sin nq cos nq ú
ë û ë û ë û
Þ 3x + y = 4 ; x + 2y = –2
3 é cos3q sin 3q ù
\ A =ê
Solving these equations, 3x + y = 4 ë - sin 3q cos 3q úû
3x +6y = -6
( -) ( -) ( + )
–5y = 10
Matrices and Determinants M-457

205. (b) éa 0 0ù
éa h gù éx ù
êh b f ú ê y ú A = ê0 b 0ú
[x y z] ê ú ê ú
210. (a) ê ú
êë0 0 c úû
êëg f c úû êë z úû
Order
é1 ù
1×3 3×3 êa 0 0ú
3×1 é -1 0 0 ù
ê ú êa ú
-1 ê 1
A = 0 0 ú = ê 0 b -1 0 ú
ê b ú ê ú
1×3 ê ú 0 c -1 ú
ê0 1 ú êë 0 û
0
êë c úû
1×1
211. (d) kx + y + z = 1
é0 1 ù x + ky + z = k
206. (a) A=ê ú
ë1 0û x + y + kz = k2
A4 = A2 . A2 k 1 1
é 0 1ù é0 1 ù é0 1 ù é0 1 ù 1 k 1 = 0.
These equations will have no solution of
= ê1 0ú ê1 0ú . ê1 0ú ê1 0 ú 1 1 k
ë ûë û ë ûë û
Þ k(k2 – 1) – 1 (k – 1) + (1 – k) = 0
é1 0 ù é1 0 ù
=ê ú . ê ú Þ k(k + 1) (k – 1) – 1 (k – 1) – (k – 1) = 0
ë0 1 û ë0 1 û Þ (k – 1) [k(k + 1) – 1 – 1] = 0
é1 0 ù Þ (k – 1) (k2 + k – 2) = 0
=ê ú Þ k = 1 or –2.
ë0 1 û
For k = 1, all equations are same and have infinite
207. (c) Given, Matrix A has x rows and x + 5 columns solution. So, for k = –2, equations have no solution.
Matrix B has y rows and 11 – y columns.
Also given AB and BA exists.
1 - a a - a2 a2
If AB exists, then the number of rows in A most be
equal to number of columns in B. 1- b b - b2 b2
i.e., x = 11 – y ....(1) 212. (b)
1- g g - g2 g2
If BA exists, then the number of rows in B must be
equal to number of rows in A.
c1 ® c1 + c2 + c3
i.e., x + 5 = y
Þ 11 – y + 5 = y (from (1))
Þ 2y = 16 1 a - a2 a2
Þ y = 8. = 1 b - b2 b2
(1) Þ x = 11 – 8 = 3.
1 g - g2 g2
So, x = 3, y = 8.
208. (c) We know, Adj AT = (adj A)T c2 ® c2 + c3
\ adj AT – (adj A)T = adj AT – adj AT = 0.
1 a a2
2 q q
cos sin 2
2 2 = æ cos4 q - sin 4 q ö =1 b b2 = ( a - b)( b - g )( g - a )
209. (b) ç ÷
q q è 2 2ø 1 g g2
sin 2 cos 2
2 2

æ q q öæ q qö é1 0 2ù
= ç cos 2 + sin 2 ÷ç cos 2 - sin 2 ÷
è 2 2 øè 2 2ø 213. (b) A = ê2 1 0 ú
ê ú
êë0 3 1 úû
æ æ qö ö
= (1) ç cos 2 ç ÷ ÷ A11 = 1 – 0 = 1; A12 = –(2 – 0) = –2; A13 = 6 – 0 = 6
è è 2ø ø
A21 = –(0 – 6) = 6; A22 = 1 – 0 = 1; A23 = –3 – 0 = –3
= cos q.
A31 = 0 – 2 = –2; A32 = –(0 – 4) = 4; A33 = 1 – 0 = 1
 EBD_7346
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[A]2×3 [B]m×n = [AB]2×5
é 1 6 -2ù number of columns of A = number of rows of B.
\ Adj A = ê -2 1 4 ú \m=3
ê ú
êë 6 -3 1 úû we can observe that n = 5 from the product.
So, B is 3 × 5 matrix.
æ -2 2 ö é 1 2ù
A=ç 218. (a) A=ê ú
è 2 -2÷ø
214. (b)
ë 2 3û

æ -2 2 ö æ -2 2 ö é 1 2ù é1 2ù é1 + 4 2 + 6ù é5 8 ù
A2 = ç A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú=ê ú
è 2 -2÷ø çè 2 -2÷ø ë 2 3 û ë 2 3 û ë 2 + 6 4 + 9 û ë8 13û

æ 4 + 4 -4 - 4ö æ 8 -8ö é5 8 ù é k 2k ù é1 0 ù
A 2 - kA - I 2 = ê ú-ê -
=ç =
è -4 - 4 4 + 4 ÷ø çè -8 8 ÷ø ë8 13û ë 2k 3k úû êë 0 1 úû

é 5 - k - 1 8 - 2k - 0 ù
æ -2 2 ö =ê ú
= -4 ç = -4A ë8 - 2k - 0 13 - 3k - 1û
è 2 -2÷ø
é 4 - k 8 - 2k ù
pa qb rc =ê ú
ë8 - 2k 12 - 3k û
qc ra pb
215. (a) = pa(rqa2 – p2bc) – qb(q2ac – prb2) + Given, A2 – kA – I2 = 0
rb pc qa
\4–k= 0Þk=4
rc(qpc2 – r 2ab) 219. (b) If A–1 = AT, then A is orthogonal matrix.
= pqra3 – p3abc – q3abc + pqrb3 + pqrc3 – r3abc 220. (a) Statement 1 and 2 are correct.
= pqr(a3 + b3 + c3) – abc(p3 + q3 + r3) Statement 3 is incorrect because
Given, p + q + r = a + b + c = 0
1 –1
Þ p3 + q3 + r3 = 3pqr and a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc. A ,l¹0
(lA)–1 =
l
\ pqr(a3 + b3 + c3) – abc(p3 + q3 + r3) = pqr(3abc) –
221. (a) On Applying
abc(3pqr) = 0.
C1 ®C1 – C3
é cos q sin q 0ù x-3 y 3
A = ê - sin q cos q 0ú x2 - 9 5 y3 9
216. (a) ê ú
ëê 0 0 1 ûú x3 - 27 10 y 5 27
We know, AA–1 = I.
1 y 3
Let us take first option (a) as A 1.
x+3 5y3 9
(x – 3)
é cos q sin q 0ù é cos q - sin q 0 ù x 2 + 9 – 3 x 10 y 5 27
ê - sin q cos q 0ú ê sin q cos q 0ú
ê úê ú écos q sin q ù
ëê 0 0 1ûú ëê 0 0 1úû 222. (a) A = ê sin q cos q ú
ë û

é (Q cos(– q) = cosq and sin (– q) = –sinq)

cos 2 q + sin 2 q - sin q cos q + cos q sin q 0ù
ê ú é cos q - sin q ù
= ê - sin q cos q + cos q sin q sin 2 q + cos 2 q 0ú adj A = ê - sin q cos q ú
ê ú ë û
ê 0 0 1ú
ë û 223. (a) (AB)–1 = B–1A–1
a- x c b
é1 0 0ù 224. (d) =0
c b- x a
= ê0 1 0ú = I
ê ú b a c- x
êë0 0 1úû

217. (a) A is 2 × 3 matrix x - (a + b + c ) c b

AB is 2 × 5 matrix - x - (a + b + c ) b - x a
=0
Let ‘B’ be m × n matrix x - (a + b + c ) a c-x
Matrices and Determinants M-459

x c b x y y+ z
Þ x b - x a =0 z x z+x
230. (d) = R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3
x a c-x y z x+ y
{Applying C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3}
x+ y+ z x+ y+ z 2( x + y + z )
x c b z x z+x
0 c+ x-b b-a y z x+ y
=0
0 c-a b+ x-c
1 1 2
{Applying R2 ® R1 – R2 and R3 ® R1 – R3}
z x z+x
x{(c + x – b)(b + x – c) – (b – a) (c – a)} = 0 = (x + y + z)
x{(x2 – (b – c)2 – bc + ac + ab – a2} = 0 y z x+ y
x(x2 – a2 – b2 – c2 + ab + bc + ca) = 0 = (x + y + z) (z + x)2, (replacing z by x)
x{x2 – (a – b)2 – (b – c)2 – (c – a)2} = 0
1 1 1
\ x=0
1 + sin A 1 + sin B 1 + sin C
225. (b) A matrix does not have an inverse if |A| = 0 231. (a)
sin A + sin A sin B + sin B sin C + sin 2 C
2 2

2 4
=0 1 0 0
-8 x
1 + sin A sin A - sin B sin A – sin C
Þ x = –16 +0=0
sin A + sin A sin A - sin B sin 2 A – sin 2 C
2 2 2
2 1 -3
226. (b) Since 3 -2 2 = 26 ¹ 0 {Applying C2 ® C1 – C2 and C3 ® C1 – C3}
= (sin A – sin B) × (sin A – sin C)
5 -3 - 1
1 0 0
Þ System is consistent with unique solution.
1 + sin A 1 1
227. (a) Let u, v and w are pth, qth and rth term of the G.P. with =0
2
first term 'a' and common ratio 'd'. sin A + sin A (sin A + sin B) (sin A + sin C)
then,
(sin A – sin B)(sin A – sin C)(sin B – sin C) = 0
u = a.(d)p–1 Þ In u = In(a) + (p – 1) In(d)
\ sin A = sin B or sin A = sin C or sin B = sin C either A = B
v = a.(d)q–1 Þ In v = In(a) + (q – 1) In(d)
or B = C or A = C.
w = a.(d)r–1 Þ In w = In(a) + (r – 1) In(d)
232. (b) Matrix product is commutative if both are diagonal
Now, In u – In v = (p – q) In (d)
matrices of same order.
In u – In w = (p – r) In (d)
Þ A2 – B2 = (A + B) (A – B) is not true.
In u p 1 Next, (A – I) (A + I) = 0
In v q 1 Þ A2 + AI – IA – I2 = 0(Q AI = IA)
In w r 1 Þ A2 = I is correct.
233. (d)
In u p 1
In u - In v ( p - q) 0 1 æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö æ1 1ö
Area = 2 x1 ç x - x ÷ + x2 ç x - x ÷ + x3 ç x - x ÷
In u - In w ( p - r ) 0 è 2 3 ø è 3 1 ø è 1 2ø

{Applying R2 ® R1 – R2 and R3 ® R1 – R3} 1 x1 ( x3 - x2 ) x2 ( x1 - x3 ) x3 ( x2 - x1 )

= 2 + +
In u p 1 x2 x3 x1 x3 x1 x2
or, ( p - q) In(d ) ( p - q) 0 2 2 2
( p - r ) In(d ) ( p - r ) 0 1 - x1 ( x2 - x3 ) - x2 ( x3 - x1 ) - x3 ( x1 - x2 )
=
2 x1 x2 x3
= (p – q)(p – r)[In(d) – In(d)] = 0
228. (c) By property, statement 1 and 3 are correct. ( x1 - x2 )( x2 - x3 )( x3 - x1 )
= 2( x1 x2 x3 )
229. (b) B =adj A, I = Identity matrix, | A | = k
AB =A(adj A) = | A |I = k I.
 EBD_7346
M-460 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

é 3 2 0ù é(1)(1) + (0)(0) (1)(0) + (0)(1) ù

=ê ú
234. (a) B = êê 2 4 0úú ë(0)(1) + (1)(0) (0)(0) + (1)(1) û
êë 1 1 0úû
é1 0 ù
=ê ú =A
C factor matrix of ë0 1 û
é (4)(0) - (0)(1) -[(2)(0) - (0)(1)] (2)(1) - (4)(1) ù \ It is involuntary matrix.
B = êê -[2(0) - (0)(1)] 3(0) - (0)(1) -[(3)(1) - (2)(1)]úú 236. (b) Given, A is an identity matrix.
\A= I
êë 2(0) - 0(4) -[3(0) - 2(0)] 3(4) - 2(2) úû
We know, I–1 = I
\ A–1 = A
é0 0 -2ù
237. (d) The determinant of transpose will not change. So, the
= êê0 0 -1úú determinant is equal to 4.
ëê0 0 8 úû 238. (b) A is square matrix of order n > 1.
det (–A) = (–1)n det A
é 0 0 0ù 239. (a) A and B are (3 × 3) matrices
B = êê 0 0 0 úú det A = 4
Adjoint
êë -2 -1 8 úû det B = 3
\ det (2AB) = (2)3 |A| |B|
é1 0ù = 23 (4) (3) = 8 (4) (3) = 96
235. (b) A = ê ú 240. (c) det (3AB–1) = (3)3 |A| |B–1|
ë0 1û
9
é1 0 ù é1 0ù
| A| 4
2
= 27 = 27 ´ = 36
A = ê úê ú |B| 3
ë0 1 û ë0 1û 1
Probability and Probability Distribution M-461

Probability and
Probability Distribution 21
1. From past experience it is known that an investor will invest 4 8
in security A with a probability of 0.6, will invest in security (a) (b)
15 45
B with a probability 0.3 and will invest in both A and B with
a probability of 0.2. What is the probability that an investor 26 19
(c) (d) [2006-II]
will invest neither in A nor in B ? 45 45
(a) 0.7 (b) 0.28 7. From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn, the first being
(c) 0.3 (d) 0.4 [2006-I] replaced before the second is drawn. What is the probability
2. Five coins whose faces are marked 2, 3 are thrown. What is that the first is a diamond and the second is a king ?
the probability of obtainining a total of 12 ? 1
(a) (b) 4
1 3 4 13
(a) (b)
16 16 1 4
(c) (d) [2006-II]
5 7 52 15
(c) (d) [2006-I]
16 16 8. What is the probability of having a knave and a queen
3. The following question consist of two statements, one when two cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards ?
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (R)'. 16 2
You are to examine these two statements carefully and select (a) (b)
663 663
the answer.
3 3 4 8
Assertion (A) : If P (A) = and P(B) = , then (c) (d) [2006-II]
4 8 663 663
3
P(A È B) ³ 9. Consider the following statement:
4 "The mean of a binomial distribution is 3 and variance is 4."
Reason (R) : P(A) £ P(A È B) and P(B) £ P(A È B); hence Which of the following is correct regarding this statement?
P(A È B) ³ max. {P(A), P(B)} (a) It is always true
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct (b) It is sometimes true
explanation of A. (c) It is never true
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
(d) No conclusion can be drawn [2006-II]
correct explanation of A.
10. In throwing of two dice, what is the number of exhaustive
(c) A is true but R is false.
events ?
(d) A is false but R is true. [2006-II]
4. An aircraft has three engines A, B and C. The aircraft crashes (a) 6 (b) 12
if all the three engines fail. The probabilities of failure are (c) 36 (d) 18 [2006-II]
0.03, 0.02 and 0.05 for engines A, B and C respectively. 11. What is the probability of getting five heads and seven
What is the probability that the aircraft will not crash? tails in 12 flips of a balanced coin?
(a) 0.00003 (b) 0.90 (a) C(12, 5)/(25) (b) C(12, 5)/(27)
(c) 0.99997 (d) 0.90307 [2006-II] (c) C(12, 5)/(212) (d) C(12, 7)/(26) [2007-I]
5. A coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of 12. In a lottery, 16 tickets are sold and 4 prizes are awarded. If a
getting head and tail (HTH) or tail and head (THT) person buys 4 tickets,what is the probability of his winning
alternatively ? a prize?
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/5
(c) 1/6 (d) 1/8 [2006-II] 4 175
(a) (b)
6. The probability that a student passes in mathematics is 4/9 164 256
and that he passes in physics is 2/5. Assuming that passing
in mathematics and physics are independent of each other, 1 81
(c) (d) [2007-I]
what is the probability that he passes in mathematics but 4 256
fails in physics ?
 EBD_7346
M-462 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

3 20. Six text books numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are arranged at

13. If A and B are any two events such that P (A È B) = , random. What is the probability that the text books 2 and 3
4 will occupy consecutive places ?
1 2 1 1
P (A Ç B) = and P(A) = , where A stands for the (a) (b)
4 3 2 3
complementary event of A, then what is P(B)?
1 1
1 2 (c) (d) [2007-II]
(a) (b) 4 6
3 3 21. What is the probability that in a family of 4 children there
1 2 will be at least one boy?
(c) (d) [2007-I]
9 9 15 3
(a) (b)
14. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards and a gambler bets 16 8
that it is a spade or an ace. Which one of the following are
1 7
the odds against his winning this bet? (c) (d) [2008-I]
(a) 13 to 4 (b) 4 to 13 16 8
(c) 9 to 4 (d) 4 to 9 [2007-I] 22. In a school there are 40% science students and the remaining
15. A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots; 60% are arts students. It is known that 5% of the science
B can hit a target 3 times in 4 shots; students are girls and 10% of the arts students are girls.
C can hit a target 2 times in 3 shots; One student selected at random is a girl. What is the
All the three fire a shot each. What is the probability that probability that she is an arts student?
two shots are at least hit? 1 3
(a) 1/6 (b) 3/5 (a) (b)
3 4
(c) 5/6 (d) 1/3 [2007-I] 1 3
16. A box contains 10 identical electronic components of which (c) (d) [2008-I]
5 5
4 are defective. If 3 components are selected at random from
5 1 1
the box in succession, without replacing the units already 23. Given P(A È B) = ,P(A Ç B) = and P(B) = . What is
drawn, what is the probability that two of the selected 6 3 2
components are defective? P(A) ?
(a) 1/5 (b) 5/24
(c) 3/10 (d) 1/40 [2007-I] 1 1
(a) (b)
17. Each of A and B tosses two coins. What is the probability 6 3
that they get equal number of heads? 2 1
(c) (d) [2008-I]
3 5 3 2
(a) (b) 24. The outcomes of 5 tosses of a coin are recorded in a single
16 16
sequence as H (head) and T (tail) for each toss. What is the
4 6 number of elementary events in the sample space?
(c) (d) [2007-II]
16 16 (a) 5 (b) 10
18. Examples of some random variables are given below : (c) 25 (d) 32 [2008-I]
1. Number of sons among the children of parents with 25. Which of the following numbers is nearest to the probability
five children that three randomly selected persons are born on three
2. Number of sundays in some randomly selected months different days of the week?
with 30 days (a) 0.7 (b) 0.6
3. Number of apples in some 3 kg packets, purchased (c) 0.5 (d) 0.4 [2008-I]
from a retail shop 26. One bag contains 5 white balls and 3 black balls and a second
Which of the above is expected to follow binomial bag contains 2 white balls and 4 black balls. One ball is
distribution? drawn from the first bag and placed unseen in the second
(a) Variable 1 (b) Variable 2 bag. What is the probability that a ball now drawn from the
(c) Variable 3 (d) None of these [2007-II] second bag is black?
19. A, B are two events and A denotes the complements of A. 15 35
(a) (b)
Consider the following statements [2007-II] 56 56
1. P(A È B) £ P(B) + P(A) 37 25
(c) (d) [2008-I]
56 48
2. P(A) + P(A È B) £ 1 + P(B) 27. If P(A) = 0.8, P(B) = 0.9, P(AB) = p, which one of the following
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? is correct? [2008-II]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 0.72 £ p £ 0.8 (b) 0.7 £ p £ 0.8
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 0.72 < p < 0.8 (d) 0.7 < p < 0.8
Probability and Probability Distribution M-463

28. The following questions consist of two statements, one 37. If A and B are two mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (R)'.
with P(B) = 3P(A), then what is the value of P ( B ) ?
You are to examine these two statements carefully and select
the answer. [2009-I]
Assertion (A) : For a binomial distribution B(n, p), (a) 3/4 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/3 (d) 2/3
Mean > Variance [2008-II] 38. Two dice are thrown. What is the probability that the sum of
Reason (R) : Probability is less than or equal to 1 the faces equals or exceeds 10? [2009-I]
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct (a) 1/12 (b) 1/4
explanation of A (c) 1/3 (d) 1/6
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the 39. For a binomial distribution B(n, p), np = 4 and variance npq
correct explanation of A = 4/3. What is the probability P ( x ³ 5) equal to? [2009-I]
(c) A is true but R is false (a) (2/3)6 (b) (1/3)6
(d) A is false but R is true (c) (1/3)6 (d) (28/36)
29. The chance of winning the race of the horse A is 1/5 and that 40. When a card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of cards,
of horse B is 1/6. What is the probability that the race will be what is the probability of getting a Queen? [2009-I]
won by A or B? [2008-II] (a) 2/13 (b) 1/13
(a) 1/30 ( b) 1/3 (c) 1/26 (d) 1/52
(c) 11/30 (d) 1/15 41. The following questions consist of two statements, one
30. What is the probability of two persons being born on the labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason
same day (ignoring date)? [2008-II] (R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully
(a) 1/49 (b) 1/365 and select the answer.
(c) 1/7 (d) 2/7 Assertion (A) : The probability of drawing either an ace or
2
31. A coin is tossed. If a head is observed, a number is randomly a king from a deck of card in a single draw is .
selected from the set {1, 2, 3} and if a tail is observed, a 13
Reason (R) : For two events E1 and E2 , which are not
number is randomly selected from the set {2, 3, 4, 5}. If the
mutually exclusive probability is given by [2009-I]
selected number be denoted by X, what is the probability
that X = 3? [2008-II] P ( E1 + E2 ) = P ( E1 ) + P( E2 ) – P ( E1 Ç E2 )
(a) 2/7 (b) 1/5 (c) 1/6 (d) 7/24 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
32. Consider the following statements related to the nature of of A
Bayes’ theorem [2008-II] (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
1. Bayes’ theorem is a formula for computation of a of A
conditional probability. (c) A is true but R is false
2. Bayes’ theorem modifies an assumed probability of an (d) A is false but R is true
event in the light of a related event which is observed. 42. Three letters are randomly selected from the 26 capital letters
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? of the English Alphabet. What is the probability that the
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only letter ‘A’ will not be included in the choice? [2009-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1/2 (b) 23/26
33. The outcomes of an experiment classified as success A or (c) 12/13 (d) 25/26
failure A will follow a binomial distribution, if [2008-II] 43. A coin is tossed 10 times. The number of heads minus the
(a) P(A) = 1/2 number of tails in 10 tosses is considered as the outcome of
(b) P(A) = 0 the experiment. What is the number of points in the sample
(c) P(A) = 1 space? [2009-II]
(d) P(A) remains constant in all trials (a) 10 (b) 11
34. If A, B, C are any three arbitrary events, then which one of (c) 21 (d) 99
the following expressions shows that both A and B occur 44. Two numbers are successively drawn from the set {1, 2, 3, 4,
but not C? [2009-I] 5, 6, 7} without replacement and the outcomes recorded in
AÇB ÇC AÇ B ÇC that order. What is the number of elementary events in the
(a) (b)
random experiment? [2009-II]
(c) A Ç B Ç C (d) A Ç B Ç C (a) 49 (b) 42
35. By Baye’s theorem, which one of the following probabilities (c) 21 (d) 14
is calculated? [2009-I] 45. The probabilities of two events A and B are given as
(a) Prior probability P (A) = 0.8 and P (B) = 0.7. What is the minimum value of
(b) Likelihood probability P ( A Ç B)? [2009-II]
(c) Posterior probability (a) 0 (b) 0.1 (c) 0.5 (d) 1
(d) Conditional probability 46. Two numbers X and Y are simultaneously drawn from the
36. Given that P(A) = 1/3, P(B) = 1/4, P(A/B) = 1/6, then what is set { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. What is the conditional
P(B / A) equal to? [2009-I] probability of exactly one of the two numbers X and Y being
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/8 even, given ( X + Y) = 15? [2009-II]
(c) 3/4 (d) 1/2 (a) 1 (b) 3/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/4
 EBD_7346
M-464 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

47. Given that P(A) = 1/3, P(B) = 3/4 and P ( A È B ) =11/12 then 2 7
(a) (b)
what is P(B/A)? [2009-II] 9 9
(a) 1/6 (b) 4/9 5 7
(c) 1/2 (d) 1/3 (c) (d)
12 12
48. The mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 8 and
4 respectively. What is P (X = 1) equal to? [2010-I] x
54. The probability of guessing a correct answer is . If the
1 1 12
(a) (b) 2
212
28 probability of not guessing the correct answer is , then
3
what is x equal to? [2010-I]
1 1 (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 6 (d)
2 24 (c) 4 (d) 6
49. An observed event B can occur after one of the three events 55. Consider the following statements related to a variable X
A1, A2, A3. If [2010-I] having a binomial distribution bx (n, p)
P (A1) = P(A2) = 0.4, P(A3) = 0.2 and P (B/A1) = 0.25, P (B/A2) 1
= 0.4, P(B / A3) = 0.125, what is the probability of A1 after 1. If p = , then the distribution is symmetrical.
2
observing B?
2. p remaining constant, P (X = r) increases as n increases.
1 6 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) (b) (a) 1 only (b) 2 only [2010-I]
3 19
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
20 2 56. What is the probability of having 53 Sundays or 53 Mondays
(c) (d)
57 5 in a leap year? [2010-II]
50. The probability distribution of random variable X with two (a) 2/7 (b) 3/7
missing probabilities p1 and p2 is given below [2010-I] (c) 4/7 (d) 5/7
X P(X) 57. Three digital numbers are formed using the digits 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.
1 k A number is chosen at random out of these numbers. What
2 p1 is the probability that the number has the same digits?
3 4k [2010-II]
4 p2 (a) 1/16 (b) 1/25
5 2k (c) 16/25 (d) 1/645
It is further given that P(X £ 2) = 0.25 and P (X ³ 4) = 0.35. 58. A lot of 4 white and 4 red balls is randomly divided into two
Consider the following statements halves. What is the probability that there will be 2 red and 2
1. p1 = p2 white balls in each half? [2010-II]
2. p1 + p2 = P(X = 3) (a) 18/35 (b) 3/35
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (c) 1/2 (d) None of these
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 59. Consider the following statements : [2010-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 If A and B are independent events, then
51. Consider the following statements: [2010-I] 1. A and B are independent.
1. The probability that there are 53 Sundays in a leap year
is twice the probability that there are 53 Sundays in a 2. A and B are independent.
non-leap year. 3. A and B are independent.
2. The probability that there are 5 Mondays in the month Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2010-II]
of March is thrice the probability that there are 5 (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
Mondays in the month of April. (c) 1,2 and 3 (d) None of these
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 60. An experiment consists of flipping a coin and then flipping
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only it a second time if head occurs. If a tail occurs on the first
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
flip, then a six-faced die is tossed once. Assuming that the
52. In tossing three coins at a time, what is the probability of
outcomes are equally likely, what is the probability of getting
getting at most one head? [2010-I]
one head and one tail? [2011-I]
3 7 (a) 1/4 (b) 1/36
(a) (b)
8 8 (c) 1/6 (d) 1/8
1 1 61. A box contains 6 distinct dolls. From this box, 3 dolls are
(c) (d) randomly selected one by one with replacement. What is
2 8
the probability of selecting 3 distinct dolls? [2011-I]
53. Two balls are selected from a box containing 2 blue and 7
red balls. What is the probability that at least one ball is (a) 5 / 54 (b) 12/25
blue? [2010-I] (c) 1/20 (d) 5/9
Probability and Probability Distribution M-465

72. What is the probability that a leap year selected at random

62. ( )
If A and B are events such that P ( A È B ) = 0.5 , P B = 0.8 contains 53 Mondays? [2012-I]
and P(A/B) = 0.4, then what is P ( A Ç B ) equal to? 1 2
(a) (b)
(a) 0.08 (b) 0.02 [2011-I] 7 7
(c) 0.8 (d) 0.2 7 26
63. In an examination, there are 3 multiple choice questions and (c) (d)
each question has 4 choices. If a student randomly selects 366 183
answer for all the 3 questions, what is the probability that 73. If four dice are thrown together, then what is the probability
the student will not answer all the 3 questions correctly? that the sum of the numbers appearing on them is 25?
[2011-I] (a) 0 (b) 1/2 [2012-I]
(a) 1/64 (b) 63/64 (c) 1 (d) 1/1296
(c) 1/12 (d) 11/12 74. If P(E) denotes the probability of an event E, then E is called
64. If A and B are two mutually exclusive events, then what is certain event if : [2012-II]
P(AB) equal to? [2011-I] (a) P (E) = 0 (b) P(E) = 1
(a) 0 (b) P(A) + P(B) (c) P(E) is either 0 or 1 (d) P(E) = 1/2
æBö 75. What is the probability that a leap year selected at random
(c) P(A) P(B) (d) P(A) P ç ÷ will contain 53 Mondays ? [2012-II]
è Aø (a) 2/5 (b) 2/7 (c) 1/7 (d) 5/7
65. There are 4 letters and 4 directed envelopes. These 4 letters 3
are randomly inserted into the 4 envelopes. What is the 76. If A and B are two events such that P ( A È B) = ,
4
probability that the letters are inserted into the
corresponding envelopes? [2011-I] 1
4
( ) 2
P ( A Ç B ) = , P A = where A is the complement of
3
11 23
(a) (b) A, then what is P(B) equal to ? [2012-II]
12 24 (a) 1/3 (b) 2/3 (c) 1/9 (d) 2/9
1 77. Three coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the
(c) (d) None of these probability that they will fall two heads and one tail ?
24
(a) 1/3 (b) 1/2 [2012-II]
66. Two letters are drawn at random from the word ‘HOME’.
(c) 1/4 (d) 3/8
What is the probability that both the letters are vowels?
78. Which one of the following is correct ? [2012-II]
[2011-II]
(a) An event having no sample point is called an elementary
(a) 1/ 6 (b) 5/ 6
event.
(c) 1/ 2 (d) 1/ 3
(b) An event having one sample point is called an
67. A husband and wife appear in an interview for two vacancies
elementary event.
in the same post. The probability of husband’s selection is
(c) An event having two sample points is called an
1/5 and that of wife’s selection is 1/3. What is the probability
elementary event.
that only one of them will be selected? [2011-II]
(d) An event having many sample points is called an
(a) 1/5 (b) 2/5
elementary event.
(c) 3/5 (d) 4/5
79. What is the most probable number of successes in 10 trials
68. There is a point inside a circle. What is the
with probability of success 2/3 ? [2012-II]
probability that this point is close to the circumference than
(a) 10 (b) 7
to the centre? [2011-II]
(c) 5 (d) 4
(a) 3/4 (b) 1/2
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 80-81): For the next two (02) questions that
(c) 1/4 (d) 1/3
follow
69. In a random arrangement of the letters of the word
‘UNIVERSITY’, what is the probability that two I’s do not An urn contains one black ball and one green ball. A second urn
come together? [2011-II] contains one white and one green ball. One ball is drawn at random
(a) 4/5 (b) 1/5 (c) 1/10 (d) 9/10 from each urn. [2012-II]
80. What is the probability that both balls are of same colour ?
70. In a class of 125 students 70 passed in Mathematics, 55 (a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/4 (d) 2/3
passed in Statistics and 30 passed in both. What is the 81. What is the probability of getting at least one green ball ?
probability that a student selected at random from the class (a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 2/3 (d) 3/4
has passed in only one subject? [2011-II] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 82-83): For the next two (02) questions that
(a) 13/25 (b) 3/25 (c) 17/25 (d) 8/25 follow
71. Three dice are thrown. What is the probability that the same Two dice each numbered from 1 to 6 are thrown together. Let A
number will appear on each of them? [2012-I] and B be two events given by
1 1 1 A : even number on the first die.
1
(a) (b) (c) (d) B : number on the second die is greater than 4.
6 18 24 36
 EBD_7346
M-466 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

82. What is P ( A È B) equal to ? [2012-II] 1 1

(a) (b)
2 32
1 1
(a) (b) 31 1
2 4
(c) (d)
32 16
2 1
(c) (d) 91. If X follows a binomial distribution with parameters n = 100
3 6
and p = 1/3, then P(X = r) is maximum when [2013-I]
83. What is P ( A Ç B) equal to ? [2012-II] (a) r = 16 (b) r = 32
(c) r = 33 (d) r = 34
1 1 92. Two numbers are successively drawn from the set
(a) (b)
2 4 U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, the second being drawn without
replacing the first. The number of elementary events in the
2 1
(c) (d) sample is:
3 6 (a) 64 (b) 56 [2013-I]
84. Consider a random experiment of throwing together a die (c) 32 (d) 14
and two coins. The associated sample space has [2013-I] 93. The binomial distribution has: [2013-I]
(a) 8 points (b) 12 points (a) only one parameter (b) two parameters
(c) 24 points (d) 36 points (c) three parameters (d) four parameters
85. In throwing a six faced die, let A be the event that an even 94. A bag contains balls of two colours, 3 black and 3 white.
number occurs, B be the event that an odd number occurs What is the smallest number of balls which must be drawn
and C be the event that a number greater than 3 occurs. from the bag, without looking, so that among these three are
Which one of the following is correct? [2013-I] two of the same colour? [2013-I]
(a) A and C are mutually exclusive (a) 2 (b) 3
(b) A and B are mutually exclusive (c) 4 (d) 5
(c) B and C are mutually exclusive 95. If three events A, B,C are mutually exclusive, then which one
(d) A, B and C mutually exclusive. of the following is correct ? [2013-II]
86. What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 with two dice?
(a) P( A È B È C ) = 0 (b) P ( A È B È C ) = 1
1 1
(a) (b) [2013-I] (c) P ( A Ç B Ç C ) = 0 (d) P ( A Ç B Ç C ) = 1
6 3
96. If A and B are independent events such that
1 5 1 7
(c) (d) P ( A) = , P( A È B) = , then what is P( B) equal to ?
12 36 5 10
87. Four coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability [2013-II]
of getting exactly 2 heads ? [2013-I]
2 3
1 1 (a) (b)
(a) (b) 7 7
2 4
3 7
1 3 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 8 9
8 8 97. In a binomial distribution, the occurrence and the non-
88. A bag contains 5 black and 3 white balls. Two balls are drawn occurrence of an event are equally likely and the mean is 6.
at random one after the other without replacement. What is The number of trials required is [2013-II]
the probability that both are white? [2013-I] (a) 15 (b) 12
1 1 (c) 10 (d) 6
(a) (b) 98. A die is tossed twice. What is the probability of getting a
28 14
sum of 10 ? [2013-II]
3
(c) (d) None of these above 1 1
28 (a) (b)
18 6
89. If A and B are any two events such that
1 5
( ) ( )
P A = 0.4, P B = 0.3, P ( A È B ) = 0.9, then what is the (c)
12
(d)
12
99. Three dice are thrown. What is the probability of getting a
( )
value of P A È B equal to ? [2013-I] triplet ? [2013-II]
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.5 1 1
(c) 0.6 (d) 0.7 (a) (b)
6 18
90. A fair coin is tossed repeatedly. The probability of getting a
result in the fifth toss different from those obtained in the 1 1
first four tosses is: [2013-I] (c) (d)
36 72
Probability and Probability Distribution M-467

100. Consider the following statements : [2013-II] 108. What is P(Z = 5) equal to ?
1. If A and B are exhaustive events, then their union is the (a) 1/2 (b) 1/3
sample space. (c) 1/4 (d) 1/6
2. If A and B are exhaustive events, then their intersection 109. What is P(Z = 10) equal to ?
must be an empty event. (a) 0 (b) 1/2
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (c) 1/3 (d) 1/5
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 110. What is P(Z = 11) equal to ?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 0 (b) 1/4
101. Which one of the following may be the parameter of a binomial
(c) 1/6 (d) 1/12
distribution ? [2013-II]
111. What is P(Z is the product of two prime numbers) equal to ?
3 (a) 0 (b) 1/2
(a) np = 2, npq = 4 (b) n = 4, p =
2 (c) 1/4 (d) None of these
(c) n = 8, p = 1 (d) np = 10, npq = 8 112. Suppose A and B are two events. Event B has occurred and
102. What is the number of outcomes when a coin is tossed and it is known that P(B) < 1. What is P(A|Bc) equal to ?
then a die is rolled only in case a head is shown on the coin ? [2014-II]
[2013-II] P(A) - P(B) P(A) - P(AB)
(a) 6 (b) 7 (a) (b)
1 - P(B) 1 - P(B)
(c) 8 (d) None of these
2 2 2 P(A) + P(Bc )
103. If P ( A) = , P ( B ) = and P ( A È B ) - P( A Ç B ) = , then (c) (d) None of these
3 5 5 1 - P(B)
what is P ( A Ç B ) equal to ? [2013-II] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 113-116) : For the next four (04) items that
3 5 follow
(a) (b) Consider events A, B, C, D, E of the sample space S = {n : n is an
5 11
integer such that 10 £ n £ 20} given by : [2014-II]
1
(c) (d) None of these A is the set of all even numbers.
3
B is the set of all prime numbers.
104. What is the propability that there are 5 Mondays in the month C = (15).
of February 2016 ? [2013-II]
D is the set of all integers £ 16 .
1 E is the set of all double digit numbers expressible as a power of 2.
(a) 0 (b)
7 113. A, B and D are
(a) Mutually exclusive events but not exhaustive events
2
(c) (d) None of these (b) Exhaustive events but not mutually exclusive events
7 (c) Mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
105. In a relay race, there are six teams A, B, C, D, E and F. What (d) Elementary events
is the probability that A, B, C finish first, second, third 114. A, B and C are
respectively ? [2013-II] (a) Mutually exclusive events but not exhaustive events
1 1 1 1 (b) Exhaustive events but not mutually exclusive events
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) Mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
2 12 60 120
(d) Elementary events
106. A box contains 3 white and 2 black balls. Two balls are drawn
115. B and C are
at random one after the other. If the balls are not replaced,
(a) Mutually exclusive events but not exhaustive events
what is the probability that both the balls are black?
(b) Compound events
[2014-I]
(c) Mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
(a) 2/5 (b) 1/5
(d) Elementary events
(c) 1/10 (d) None of these
116. C and E are
107. It has been found that if A and B play a game 12 times, A
(a) Mutually exclusive events but not elementary events
wins 6 times, B wins 4 times and they draw twice. A and B
(b) Exhaustive events but not mutually exclusive events
take part in a series of 3 games. The probability that they (c) Mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
win alternately, is : [2014-I] (d) Elementary and mutually exclusive events
(a) 5/12 (b) 5/36 117. For any two events A and B, which one of the following
(c) 19/27 (d) 5/27 holds ? [2014-II]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 108-111) : For the next four (04) items that (a) P(A Ç B) £ P(A) £ P(A È B) £ P(A) + P(B)
follow
(b) P(A È B) £ P(A) £ P(A Ç B) £ P(A) + P(B)
Number of X is randomly selected from the set of odd numbers
and Y is randomly selected from the set of even numbers of the (c) P(A È B) £ P(B) £ P(A Ç B) £ P(A) + P(B)
set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Let Z = (X + Y).. [2014-I] (d) P(A Ç B) £ P(B) £ P(A) + P(B) £ P(A È B)
 EBD_7346
M-468 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
118. The probability that in a random arrangement of the letters 126. The mean and the variance in a binomial distribution are
of the word 'UNIVERSITY', the two I's do not come together found to be 2 and 1 respectively. The probability P(X = 0) is
is [2014-II] [2015-I]
(a) 4/5 (b) 1/5
(c) 1/10 (d) 9/10 1 1
(a) (b)
119. Threre are 4 white and 3 black balls in a box. In another box, 2 4
there are 3 white and 4 black balls. An unbiased dice is rolled. 1 1
If it shows a number less than or equal to 3, then a ball is (c) (d)
drawn from the second box, otherwise from the first box. If 8 16
the ball drawn is black then the possibility that the ball was 3
drawn from the first box is [2014-II] 127. If A and B are two events such that P (A È B ) = ,
(a) 1/2 (b) 6/7 4
(c) 4/7 (d) 3/7 1 2
120. Two students X and Y appeared in an examination. The P (A Ç B ) = and P (A ) = , then what is P(B) equal to?
4 3
probability that X will qualify the examination is 0.05 and Y
will qualify the examination is 0.10. The probability that both [2015-I]
will qualify the examination is 0.02. What is the probability 1 2
that only one of them will qualify the examination ? (a) (b)
[2014-II] 3 3
(a) 0.15 (b) 0.14 1 2
(c) 0.12 (d) 0.11 (c) (d)
8 9
121. A fair coin is tossed four times. What is the probability that 128. In throwing of two dice, the number of exhaustive events
at most three tails occur ? [2014-II] that ‘5’ will never appear on any one of the dice is
(a) 7/9 (b) 15/16
(c) 13/16 (d) 3/4 [2015-I]
(a) 5 (b) 18 (c) 25 (d) 36
1 1
122. Two men hit at a target with probabilities and 129. Two cards are drawn successively without replacement from
2 3 a wellshuffled pack of 52 cards. The probability of drawing
respectively. What is the probability that exactly one of two aces is [2015-I]
them hits the target? [2015-I]
1 1
1 1 (a) (b)
(a) (b) 26 221
2 3
4 1
1 2 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 223 13
6 3 130. Three digits are chosen at random from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and
123. Two similar boxes Bi (i = 1, 2) contain (i + 1) red and (5 – i – 1) 9 without repeating any digit. What is the probability that
black balls. One box is chosen at random and two balls are
drawn randomly. What is the probability that both the balls the product is odd ? [2015-II]
are of different colours? [2015-I] 2 7
(a) (b)
1 3 3 48
(a) (b) 5 5
2 10 (c) (d)
2 3 42 108
(c) (d) 131. Two events A and B are such that P(not B) = 0.8, P(AÈB) =
5 5
124. In an examination, the probability of a candidate solving a 0.5 and P(A|B) = 0.4. Then P(A) is equal to [2015-II]
(a) 0.28 (b) 0.32
1 (c) 0.38 (d) None of the above
question is . Out of given 5 questions in the examination,
2 132. If mean and variance of a Binomial variate X are 2 and 1
what is the probability that the candidate was able to solve respectively, then the probability that X takes a value greater
at least 2 questions? [2015-I]
than 1 is [2015-II]
1 3
(a) (b) 2 4
64 16 (a) (b)
3 5
1 13
(c) (d) 7 11
2 16 (c) (d)
8 16
125. If A Í B , then which one of the following is not correct? 133. Seven unbiased coins are tossed 128 times. In how many
(a) P (A Ç B ) = 0 [2015-I] throws would you find at least three heads ? [2015-II]
(a) 99 (b) 102
P (A ) (c) 103 (d) 104
(b) P (A | B ) = 134. A coin is tossed five times. What is the probability that
P (B )
heads are observed more than three times ? [2015-II]
P (B ) 3 5
(c) P (B | A ) =
P (A ) (a)
16
(b)
16
P (A ) 1 3
(d) P (A | (A È B )) = (c) (d)
P (B ) 2 32
Probability and Probability Distribution M-469

135. An unbiased coin is tossed until the first head appears or 141. What is the probability that the sum of any two different
until four tosses are completed, whichever happens earlier. single digit natural numbers is a prime number ? [2015-II]
Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
5 7
[2015-II] (a) (b)
27 18
1
1. The probability that no head is observed is . 1
16 (c) (d) None of the above
2. The probability that the experiment ends with three 3
142. Three dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the
1
tosses is . probability that the sum on the three faces is at least 5?
8 [2016-I]
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 17 53
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) (b)
18 54
136. If x Î [0, 5], then what is the probability that x2 – 3x + 2 ³ 0 ?
[2015-II] 103 215
(c) (d)
108 216
4 1
(a) (b)
5 5 1
143. Two independent events A and B have P(A) =
2 3 3
(c) (d)
5 5 3
137. A bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls and another bag and P(B) = . What is the probability that exactly one of
4
contains 3 white and 5 black balls. If one ball is drawn from the two events A or B occurs? [2016-I]
each bag, then the probability that one ball is white and one
ball is black is [2015-II] 1 5
(a) (b)
5 13 4 6
(a) (b)
24 24 5 7
(c) (d)
1 2 12 12
(c) (d) 144. A coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of
4 3
138. A problem in statistics is given to three students A, B and C getting head and tail alternately? [2016-I]
1 1 1 1 1
whose chances of solving it independently are , and (a) (b)
2 3 4 8 4
respectively. The probability that the problem will be solved
is [2015-II] 1 3
(c) (d)
1 11 2 4
(a) (b) 145. A card is drawn from a wel-shuffled deck of 52 cards. What
12 12
is the probability that it is queen of spade? [2016-I]
1 3
(c) (d) 1 1
2 4 (a) (b)
139. An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 52 13
car drivers and 6000 truck drivers. The probabilities of an
1 1
accident involving a scooter driver, car driver and a truck (c) (d)
driver are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured 4 8
persons meets with an accident. The probability that the 146. If two dice are thrown, then what is the probability that the
person is a scooter driver is [2015-II] sum on the two faces is greater than or equal to 4? [2016-I]
1 3 13 5
(a) (b) (a) (b)
52 52 18 6
15 19
(c) (d) 11 35
52 52 (c) (d)
140. A coin is tossed 5 times. The probability that tail appears an 12 36
odd number of times, is [2015-II] 147. A certain type of missile hits the target with probability
1 1 p = 0.3. What is the least number of missiles should be fired
(a) (b) so that there is at least an 80% probability that the target is
2 3 hit? [2016-I]
2 1 (a) 5 (b) 6
(c) (d) (c) 7 (d) None of the above
5 5
 EBD_7346
M-470 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
148. For two mutually exclusive events A and B, P(A) = 0.2 and (a) m (1 + n) = 1 (b) n (1 + m) = 1
P(A Ç B) = 0.3. What is P(A | (A U B)) equal to? [2016-I] (c) m = 1 (d) mn = 1
2 156. Three candidates solve a question. Odds in favour of the
(a) 1 (b) correct answer are 5:2, 4:3 and 3:4 respectively for the three
2 5
2 2 candidates. What is the probability that at least two of
(c) (d) them solve the question correctly? [2016-II]
7 3
149. What is the probability of 5 Sundays in the month of (a) 209/343 (b) 134/343
December? [2016-I] (c) 149/343 (d) 60/343
157. A medicine is known to be 75% effective to cure a patient.
1 2 If the medicine is given to 5 patients, what is the probability
(a) (b)
7 7 that at least one patient is cured by this medicine?
[2016-II]
3
(c) (d) None of the above 1 243
7 (a) (b)
150. A point is chosen at random inside a rectangle measuring 6 1024 1024
inches by 5 inches. What is the probability that the randomly 1023 781
selected point is at least one inch from the edge of the (c) (d)
1024 1024
rectangle? [2016-I]
158. For two events, A and B, it is given that P(A)
2 1
(a) (b) 3 3 2
3 3 = , P(B) = , and P(A | B) = . If A and B are the
5 10 3

(c) 1 (d)
2 complementary events of A and B, then P ( A | B) equal to?
4 5
[2016-II]
151. A fair coin is tossed 100 times. What is the probability of
getting tails an odd number of times? [2016-I] 3 3
(a) (b)
1 3 7 4
(a) (b)
2 8 1 4
(c) (d)
1 3 7
1
(c) (d) 159. A machine has three parts, A, B and C, whose chances of
4 8
being defective are 0.02, 0.10 and 0.05 respectively. The
152. A special dice with numbers 1, –1, 2, –2, 0 and 3 is thrown machine stops working if any one of the parts becomes
thrice. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers defective. What is the probability that the machine will not
occurring on the upper face is zero? [2016-II] stop working? [2016-II]
(a) 1 / 72 (b) 1 / 8 (a) 0.06 (b) 0.16
(c) 7 / 72 (d) 25 / 216 (c) 0.84 (d) 0.94
153. There is 25% chance that it rains on any particular day. 160. Three independent events, A1, A2 and A3 occur with
What is the probability that there is at least one rainy day
within a period of 7 days? [2016-II] 1
probabilities P(Ai ) = , i = 1, 2, 3. What is the probability
7 1+ i
7
æ 1ö æ 1ö that at least one of the three events occurs? [2016-II]
(a) 1 – ç ÷ (b) ç ÷
è 4ø è 4ø
1 2
7
(a) (b)
7 4 3
æ 3ö (d) 1 – æç ö÷
3
(c) çè ÷ø
4 è 4ø 3 1
(c) (d)
154. A salesman has a 70% chance to sell a product to any 4 24
customer. The behaviour of successive customers is 161. In a series of 3 one-day cricket matches between teams A
independent. If two customers A and B enter, what is the and B of a college, the probability of team A winning or
probability that the salesman will sell the product to drawing are 1/3 and 1/6 respectively. If a win, loss or draw
customer A or B? [2016-II] gives 2, 0 and 1 point respectively, then what is the
(a) 0.98 (b) 0.91 probability that team A will score 5 points in the series?
(c) 0.70 (d) 0.49
[2016-II]
155. A student appears for tests I, II and III. The student is
considered successful if he passes in tests I, II or III or all 17 11
the three. The probabilities of the student passing in tests (a) (b)
18 12
I, II and III are m, n and 1/2 respectively. If the probability of
the student to be successful is 1/2, then which one of the 1 1
following is correct? [2016-II] (c) (d)
12 18
Probability and Probability Distribution M-471

162. Let the random variable X follow B (6, p). If 16 P(X=4)= (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
P(X=2), then what is the value of p? [2016-II] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1 1 169. If two fair dice are thrown, then what is the probability that
(a) (b) the sum is neither 8 nor 9? [2017-I]
3 4
1 1
1 1 (a) (b)
(c) (d) 6 4
5 6
163. A committee of two persons is contituted from two men 3 5
and two women. What is the probability that the committee (c) (d)
4 6
will have only women? [2017-I] 170. Let A and B are two mutually exclusive events with P(A) =
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) P(B) = . What is the value of P (A Ç B) ? [2017-I]
6 3 3 4
1 2 1 1
(c) (d) (a) (b)
2 3 6 4
164. A question is given to three students A, B and C whose
1 5
1 1 1 (c) (d)
chances of solving it are , and respectively. What is 3 12
2 3 4 171. The mean and standard deviation of a binomial distribution
the probability that the question will be solved? are 12 and 2 respectively. What is the number of trials?
[2017-I] [2017-I]
1 1 (a) 2 (b) 12
(a) (b) (c) 18 (d) 24
24 4
172. A committee of two persons is selected from two men and
3 23 two women. The probability that the committee will have
(c) (d)
4 24 exactly one woman is [2017-II]
165. For two dependent events A and B, it is given that
1 2
P(A) = 0.2 and P(B) = 0.5. If A Í B, then the values of (a) (b)
conditional probabilites P(A|B) and P(B|A) are respectively 6 3
[2017-I] 1 1
2 3 (c) (d)
3 2
(a) ,
5 5 173. Let a die be loaded in such a way that even faces are twice
likely to occur as the odd faces. What is the probability
2
(b) ,1 that a prime number will show up when the die is tossed?
5 [2017-II]
2 1 2
(c) 1, (a) (b)
5 3 3
(d) Information is insufficient
4 5
166. A point is chosen at random inside a circle. What is the (c) (d)
probability that the point is closer to the centre of the circle 9 9
than to its boundary? [2017-I] 174. Let the sample space consist of non-negative integers up
to 50, X denote the numbers which are multiples of 3 and Y
1 1 denote the odd numbers. Which of the following is/are
(a) (b)
5 4 correct? [2017-II]
1 1 8 1
(c) (d) 1. P (X) = 2. P ( Y ) =
3 2 25 2
167. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled ordinary deck of 52 Select the correct answer using the code given below.
cards. What is the probability that it is an ace? [2017-I] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
1 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) (b) 1 2
13 13
175. For two events A and B, let P ( A ) = , P ( A È B ) = and
3 1 2 3
(c) (d) 1
13
168. Consider the following statements :
52
[2017-I]
P ( A Ç B) =
6
( )
. What is P A Ç B equal to? [2017-II]
1. Two events are mutually exclusive if the occurrence of 1 1
one event prevents the occurrence of the other. (a) (b)
6 4
2. The probability of the union of two mutually exclusive
events is the sum of their individual probabilities. 1 1
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (c) (d)
3 2
 EBD_7346
M-472 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

1 1 mp mp
176. Let A and B be two events with P ( A ) = , P ( B ) = and (a) 1 + mp
(b) 1 + ( m - 1) p
3 6
( m - 1) p ( m - 1) p
P ( A Ç B) =
1
12
( )
. What is P B | A equal to? [2017-II] (c) 1 + ( m - 1) p (d)
1 + mp
1 1 182. Five sticks of length 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 feet are given. Three of
(a) (b) these sticks are selected at random. What is the probability
5 7
that the selected sticks can from a triangle? [2017-II]
1 1 (a) 0.5 (b) 0.4
(c) (d)
8 10 (c) 0.3 (d) 0
183. Consider the following statements: [2018-I]
2
177. In a binomial distribution, the mean is
3
and the variance 1. ( ) ( )
P A È B = P A + P ( B) - P A Ç B ( )
5 2. P ( A Ç B ) = P ( B) - P ( A Ç B)
is . What is the probability that X = 2? [2017-II]
9
3. P ( A Ç B) = P ( B) P ( A | B)
5 25
(a) (b) Which of the above statements are correct?
36 36 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
25 25 (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) (d) 184. The probabilities that a student will solve Question A and
216 54
Question B are 0.4 and 0.5 respectively. What is the
1 probability that he solves at least one of the two questions?
178. The probability that a ship safely reaches a port is . The [2018-I]
3
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.7
probability that out of 5 ships, at least 4 ships would arrive
(c) 0.8 (d) 0.9
safely is [2017-II]
185. Two fair dice are rolled. What is the probability of getting a
1 10 sum of 7? [2018-I]
(a) (b)
243 243 1 1
(a) (b)
11 13 36 6
(c) (d)
243 243 7 5
179. What is the probability that at least two persons out of a (c) (d)
12 12
group of three persons were born in the same month 186. If A and B are two events such that 2P(A) = 3P(B), where 0
(disregard year)? [2017-II] < P(A) < P(B) < 1, then which one of the following is correct?
33 17 [2018-I]
(a) (b) (a) P(A | B) < P(B | A) < P(A Ç B)
144 72
(b) P(A Ç B) < P(B | A) < P(A | B)
1 2 (c) P(B | A) < P(A | B) < P(A Ç B)
(c) (d)
144 9 (d) P(A Ç B) < P(A | B) < P(B | A)
3 1 1 187. A box has ten chits numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, ...., 9. First, one chit
180. If P ( B ) = , P ( A Ç B Ç C ) = and P ( A Ç B Ç C ) = , is drawn at random and kept aside. From the remaining, a
4 3 3
second chit is drawn at random. What is the probability that
then what is P ( B Ç C ) equal to? [2017-II] the second chit drawn is “9”?
1 3 [2018-I]
(a) (b) 1 1
12 4 (a) (b)
1 1 10 9
(c) (d) 1
15 9 (c) (d) None of the above
181. In a multiple-choice test, an examinee either knows the 90
correct answer with probability p, or guesses with 188. One bag contains 3 white and 2 black balls, another bag
probability 1 – p. The probability of answering a question contains 5 white and 3 black balls. If a bag is chosen at
random and a ball is drawn from it, what is the chance that it
1
correctly is , if he or she merely guesses. If the examinee is white? [2018-I]
m
answers a question correctly, the probability that he or she 3 49
(a) (b)
really knows the answer is [2017-II] 8 80
8 1
(c) (d)
13 2
Probability and Probability Distribution M-473

189. Consider the following in respect of two events A and B: 196. If the probability of simultaneous occurrence of two
[2018-I] events A and B is p and the probability that exactly one of A,
1. P(A occurs but not B) = P(A) – P(B) if B Ì A B occurs is q, then which of the following is/are correct?
2. P(A alone or B alone occurs) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B) [2018-II]
3. P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) if A and B are mutually exclusive
Which of the above is/are correct?
1. ( ) ( )
P A + P B = 2 - 2p - q
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only
2. P ( A Ç B) = 1 - p - q
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 2 only
190. A committee of three has to be chosen from a group of Select the correct answer using the code given below:
4 men and 5 women. If the selection is made at random, what (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
is the probability that exactly two members are men? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
[2018-I] 197. Two integers x and y are chosen with replacement from the
set (0, 1, 2, ......, 10). The probability that x – y > 5 is
5 1
(a) (b) [2018-II]
14 21
6 35
3 8 (a) (b)
(c) (d) 11 121
14 21
30 25
191. If two dice are thrown and at least one of the dice shows 5, (c) (d)
121 121
then the probability that the sum is 10 or more is 198. From a deck of cards, cards are taken out with replacement.
1 4 What is the probability that the fourteenth card taken out
(a) (b) is an ace ? [2019-I]
6 11
3 2 1 4
(c) (d) (a) (b)
51 51
11 11
192. Let A, B and C be three mutually exclusive and exhaustive 1 1
events associated with a random experiment. If P(B) = 1.5 (c) (d)
52 13
P(A) and P(C) = 0.5P(B), then P(A0 is equal to [2018-II]
199. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.6
3 4
(a) (b) and P (A Ç B) = 0.4, then what is P( A È B) equal to ?
4 13
[2019-I]
2 1 (a) 0.9 (b) 0.7
(c) (b)
3 2 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.3
193. In a bolt factory, machines X, Y, Z manufacture bolts that 200. A problem is given to three students A, B and C whose
are respectively 25%, 35% and 40% of the factory’s total 1 3 1
output. The machines X, Y, Z respectively produce 2%, 4% probabilities of solving the problem are , and
and 5% defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the 2 4 4
product and is found to be defective. What is the probability respectively. What is the probability that the problem will
that it was manufactured by machine X? [2018-II] be solved if they all solve the problem independently ?
[2019-I]
5 11
(a) (b) 29 27
39 39 (a) (b)
32 32
20 34
(c) (d) 25 23
39 39 (c) (d)
194. 8 coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting 32 32
at least 6 heads is [2018-II] 201. A pair of fair dice is rolled. What is the probability that the
second dice lands on a higher value than does the first ?
7 57 [2019-I]
(a) (b)
64 64 1 1
37 229 (a) (b)
4 6
(c) (d)
256 256 5 5
195. Three groups of children contain 3 girls and 1 boy; 2 girls (c) (d)
12 18
and 2 boys; 1 girl and 3 boys. One child is selected at random 202. A fair coin is tossed and an unbiased dice is rolled together.
from each group.The probability that the three selected What is the probability of getting a 2 or 4 or 6 along with
consist of 1 girl and 2 boys is [2018-II] head ? [2019-I]
13 9 1 1
(a) (b) (a) (b)
32 32 2 3
3 1 1 1
(c) (d) (c) (d)
32 32 4 6
 EBD_7346
M-474 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
203. If A, B, C are three events, then what is the probability that (a) 3 (b) 4
at least two of these events occur together? [2019-I] (c) 5 (d) 6
(a) P (A Ç B) + P (B Ç C) + P (C Ç A) 209. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 playig
(b) P (A Ç B) + P (B Ç C) + P (C Ç A) – P (A Ç B Ç C) cards. What is the probability that both of them have the
(c) P (A Ç B) + P (B Ç C) + P (C Ç A) – 2P (A Ç B Ç C) same value? [2019-I]
(d) P (A Ç B) + P (B Ç C) + P (C Ç A) – 3P (A Ç B Ç C)
1 3
204. If two variables X and Y are independent, then what is the (a) (b)
17 17
correlation coefficient between them ? [2019-I]
(a) 1 (b) –1 5 7
(c) 0 (d) None of the above (c) (d)
17 17
205. Two independent events A and B are such that P (AÈB) =
210. In eight throws of a die, 5 or 6 is considered a success. The
2 1 mean and standard deviation of total number of successes
and P (A Ç B) = . If P (B) < P (A), then what is P(B)
3 6 is respectively given by [2019-I]
equal to ? [2019-I] 8 16 8 4
(a) , (b) ,
1 1 3 9 3 3
(a) (b)
4 3
4 4 4 16
(c) , (d) ,
1 1 3 3 3 9
(c) (d)
2 6 211. A and B are two events such that A and B are mutually
206. If two fair dice are rolled then what is the conditional exclusive. If P(A) = 0.5 and P(B) = 0.6, then what is the value
probability that the first dice lands on 6 given that the sum of P(A|B)? [2019-I]
of numbers on the dice is 8 ? [2019-I]
1 1
1 1 (a) (b)
5 6
(a) (b)
3 4
2 1
1 1 (c) (d)
5 3
(c) (d)
5 6 212. What is the probability that an interior point in a circle is
207. Two symmetric dice flipped with each dice having two sides closer to the centre than to the circumference ? [2019-I]
painted red, two painted black, one painted yellow and the
1
other painted white. What is the probability that both land (a)
on the same colour ? [2019-I] 4

3 2 1
(a) (b) (b)
18 9 2

5 1 3
(c) (d) (c)
18 3 4
208. There are n socks in a drawer, of which 3 socks are red. If 2 (d) It cannot be determined
of the socks are chosen randomly and the probability that 213. If A and B are two events, then what is the probability of
occurrence of either event A or event B? [2019-I]
1 (a) P (A) + P(B) (b) P (AÈB)
both selected socks are red is , then what is the value of n?
2 (c) P (A Ç B) (d) P(A) P(B)
[2019-I]
Probability and Probability Distribution M-475

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 23 (b) 45 (c) 67 (b) 89 (c) 111 (c) 133 (a) 155 (a) 177 (c) 199 (d)
2 (c) 24 (b) 46 (a) 68 (a) 90 (d) 112 (b) 134 (a) 156 (a) 178 (c) 200 (a)
3 (b) 25 (b) 47 (c) 69 (a) 91 (c) 113 (b) 135 (c) 157 (c) 179 (b) 201 (c)
4 (c) 26 (b) 48 (a) 70 (a) 92 (b) 114 (c) 136 (a) 158 (a) 180 (a) 202 (c)
5 (a) 27 (b) 49 (c) 71 (d) 93 (b) 115 (a) 137 (b) 159 (c) 181 (b) 203 (c)
6 (a) 28 (b) 50 (d) 72 (b) 94 (c) 116 (d) 138 (d) 160 (c) 182 (c) 204 (c)
7 (c) 29 (c) 51 (a) 73 (a) 95 (c) 117 (a) 139 (a) 161 (d) 183 (b) 205 (b)
8 (c) 30 (b) 52 (c) 74 (b) 96 (b) 118 (a) 140 (a) 162 (c) 184 (b) 206 (c)
9 (c) 31 (d) 53 (a) 75 (b) 97 (c) 119 (d) 141 (b) 163 (a) 185 (b) 207 (c)
10 (c) 32 (c) 54 (c) 76 (b) 98 (c) 120 (d) 142 (b) 164 (c) 186 (b) 208 (b)
11 (c) 33 (d) 55 (c) 77 (d) 99 (a) 121 (b) 143 (d) 165 (b) 187 (c) 209 (a)
12 (c) 34 (b) 56 (b) 78 (b) 100 (d) 122 (a) 144 (b) 166 (b) 188 (b) 210 (b)
13 (b) 35 (d) 57 (b) 79 (b) 101 (b) 123 (d) 145 (a) 167 (a) 189 (b) 211 (b)
14 (c) 36 (b) 58 (a) 80 (c) 102 (c) 124 (d) 146 (c) 168 (c) 190 (a) 212 (a)
15 (c) 37 (b) 59 (c) 81 (d) 103 (b) 125 (c) 147 (a) 169 (c) 191 (c) 213 (b)
16 (c) 38 (d) 60 (d) 82 (c) 104 (d) 126 (d) 148 (b) 170 (d) 192 (b)
17 (b) 39 (d) 61 (d) 83 (d) 105 (b) 127 (b) 149 (c) 171 (c) 193 (a)
18 (b) 40 (b) 62 (a) 84 (c) 106 (b) 128 (c) 150 (d) 172 (b) 194 (c)
19 (c) 41 (b) 63 (b) 85 (b) 107 (b) 129 (b) 151 (a) 173 (c) 195 (a)
20 (b) 42 (b) 64 (a) 86 (a) 108 (d) 130 (c) 152 (d) 174 (d) 196 (c)
21 (a) 43 (b) 65 (c) 87 (d) 109 (a) 131 (c) 153 (d) 175 (a) 197 (c)
22 (b) 44 (b) 66 (c) 88 (c) 110 (d) 132 (d) 154 (b) 176 (c) 198 (d)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) As given P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.3 and P(A Ç B) = 0.2 5. (a) Total possible outcomes, S ={HHH, HHT, HTH, THT,
TTH, THH, TTT, HTT} and desired outcomes E
P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A Ç B) ={HTH, THT}
= 0.6 + 0.3 – 0.2 = 0.9 – 0.2 = 0.7 Þ n(E) = 2 and n(S) = 8
So, P (neither in A nor in B) = 1– P(A È B) n(E) 2 1
= 1– 0.7 = 0.3 Hence, required probability = P(E) = = =
n(S) 8 4
2. (c) Let E be the event of total of 12.
E = (2, 2, 2, 3, 3), (2, 2, 3, 3, 2), (2, 3, 3, 2, 2), 6. (a) Probability of passing in mathematics = 4
(3, 3, 2, 2, 2), (3, 2, 3, 2, 2), (3, 2, 2, 3, 2), 9
(3, 2, 2, 2, 3), (2, 3, 2, 3, 2), (2, 3, 2, 2, 3), Probability of passing in physics = 2
(2, 2, 3, 2, 3) 5
n (E) = 10 2 3
Probability of failure in physics = 1 - =
Sample sapce contain total possibility = 25 = 32 5 5
Hence, n(s) = 32 Given that both the events are independent.
n(E) 4 3 4
So, P(E) = 10 5 Required probability = ´ =
= = 9 5 15
n(S) 32 16
3. (b) A and R true but R is not correct explanation of A. 13 1
7. (c) Probability of getting a diamond, P(D) = =
4. (c) Since, probabilities of failure for engines A, B and C 52 4
P(A), P(B) and P(C) are 0.03, 0.02 and 0.05 respectively.
The aircraft will crash only when all the three engine 4 1
and probability to king, P(k) = =
fail. So, probability that it crashes = P(A). P(B). P(C) 52 13
= 0.03 × 0.02 × 0.05 So, required probability = P(D).P(K)
= 0.00003
Hence, the probability that the aircraft will not crash, 1 1 1
= ´ =
= 1 – 0.00003 4 13 52
= 0.99997
 EBD_7346
M-476 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

4 4 13
8. (c) Required probability = ´ 14. (c) Probability of getting a spade =
52 51 52
[Since, card is not replaced after first draw] 4
Probability of an ace =
4 4 52
= =
13 ´ 51 663 1
9. (c) Given, that np = 3 and npq = 4 and probability of getting a spade ace =
52
where p is the probability of success in one trial and q
is the probability of failure and n is the number of trials 13 4 1 16 4
\ Required probability = + - = =
52 52 52 52 13
4
Þ q= 4 9
3 1-
and this is not possible. Odds against his winning = 13 = 13 = 9
4 4 4
Thus , the given statement is never true.
10. (c) A dice has six faces. So, in throwing of two dice, the 13 13
number of exhaustive events is 6 × 6 = 36. 15. (c) Probability of no one hitting the target
11. (c) Number of ways of selecting 5 heads cut of total 12
1 1
flips = 12 C5 . = =
5 ´ 4 ´ 3 60
1 Probability of one hitting the target
Probability of getting one head in a coin =
2 4 + 3+ 2 9
= =
1 60 60
Also, probability of getting one tail in a coin =
2 \ Probability of maximum one hit

æ1ö
5 1 9 10 1
Probability of getting 5 head = ç ÷ = + = =
60 60 60 6
è2ø
Probability that two shots are hit at least is the required
7
æ1ö 1 5
Probability of getting 7 tails = ç ÷ probability = 1 - =
è2ø 6 6
So, required probability 16. (c) Total number of selecting 3 components out of 10 =
10C . Out of 3 selected components two defective pieces
5 7 12 12C5 3
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= 12C5 ç ÷ ç ÷ = 12C5 ç ÷ = can be selected in 4C2 ways and one non-defective
è 2 ø è 2ø è 2ø 212 piece will be selected in 6C1 ways, hence,
12. (c) 16 tickets are sold and 4 prizes are awarded. A person
6
C1 ´ 4C2 6 ´ 6´ 6 3
4 1
= Required probability = = =
buys 4 tickets, then required probability = 10
C3 10 ´ 9 ´ 8 10
16 4
3 1 1 1
13. (b) As given, P(A È B) = , P(A Ç B) = 17. (b) If both get one head then it is ´
4 4 4 4
2 1 1
and P(A) = and if both get two heads then it is ´
3 2 2
2 1 1 1 1 1
P(A) = 1 - P(A) = Þ P(A) = Þ Prob (getting same number of heads) = ´ + ´
3 3 4 4 2 2
We know that 1 1 5
P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A Ç B) = + =
16 4 16
3 1 1 18. (b) Number of Sundays in some randomly selected months
Þ = + P(B) - with 30 days follow binomial distribution.
4 3 4
19. (c) (1) P(A È B) £ P(A) + P(B) is correct
1 2
Þ 1 - = P(B) Þ = P(B)
3 3 and (2) P(A) + P(A È B) £ 1 + P(B) is also correct
Þ Both the given statement are correct.
Probability and Probability Distribution M-477

20. (b) Total number of possible arrangements n(s) = 6!. birthday of 3rd person will fall on any of the remaining
Since 2 and 3 occupy consecutive places, so, they are 5
grouped together. 5 days so, its probability =
7
So, there will be 5! such arrangements. But 2 and 3 can
be arranged in themselves in 2! ways Þ Probability that all three persons will have different
day as their birthday
5!´ 2! 2 1
Required Probability = = = 7 6 5 30
6! 6 3 = ´ ´ = = 0.612 » 0.60
7 7 7 49
21. (a) Total possibility of 4 children, either girl or boy is 24
= 16. Out of these there is one possibility in which 26. (b) Bag I. has 5 white + 3 black balls.
ther e will be no boy and only girls. So, total Bag II. has 2 white + 4 black balls.
possibility of at least one boy is 16 – 1 = 15 3 5
P (Black)1st bag = & P (White) 1st bag =
15 8 8
Þ P (at least one boy) = .
16 If one ball is drawn from bag I & placed in bag II, bag II
22. (b) Let there be 100 students. will have 7 balls.
So, there are 40 students of science and 60 students of If black ball is drawn, then; bag II contains,
arts. 2W + 5 Black balls = 7 balls
P(black ball from bag 1 and black ball from bag 2)
5% of 40 = 2 science students (girls)
10% of 60 = 6 science students (girls) 3 5 15
= ´ =
Total girls students = 8 8 7 56
If a girl is chosed then If ball is white then bag II has 3w + 4 black balls
6 3 P (white ball from bag 1 and black ball from bag 2)
P (arts) = =
8 4 5 4 20
= ´ =
8 7 56
5 1
23. (b) As given : P(A È B) = , P ( A Ç B) =
6 3 15 20 35
Þ Prob(blackball) bagII = + =
56 56 56
( )
and P B =
1
2
27. (b) We know,
P( A È B) = P ( A) + P ( B) - P ( A Ç B )
1 1 Þ 0.8 + 0.9 – p < 1
P(B) = 1 – P(B) = 1 – =
2 2 Þ 1.7 – p < 1
Þ 0.7 < p
P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)
Now, P(A) < P (B)
5 1 1 \ P ( A Ç B) £ P ( A)
Þ = P(A) + –
6 2 3 Þ p < 0.8
Hence, 0.7 < p < 0.8
Þ
5
6
( )
1 1
= 1– P A + –
2 3
28. (b) Mean = np and Variance = npq < np (Q q < 1)
29. (c) Let P (A) be the probability that the race will be won by
A and P(B) be the probability that the race will be won
( )
Þ P A = 1+
1 1 5
– –
2 3 6
by B.
1 1
6+3– 2 –5 2 1 \ P(A) = and P(B) =
= = = 5 6
6 6 3 \ Probability that the race will be won by
24. (b) A coin has two faces and is tossed 5 times. So, number
1 1 11
of elements in the sample space = 10. A or B = P(A) + P (B) = + =
5 6 30
25. (b) There are 7 days in a week. If 1st person’s birth day
365 1 1
7 30. (b) Required probability = ´ =
falls on any day out of 7. So, probability is
. Since 365 365 365
7
birthday of second person will fall on any of the 1 1 1 1 7
31. (d) Probability that (X = 3) = ´ + ´ =
6 2 3 2 4 24
remaining six days then its probability = . And,
7
 EBD_7346
M-478 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
32. (c) Baye’s theorem says 1 2
If A1, A2, ..., An are (n) mutually exclusive and exhaustive \ p =1- =
3 3
events in sample space S and E is any event is S
intersecting events 4´3
Þ n= =6
Ai (iz 1, 2,...., n) such that P(E) ¹ 0 then 2

P ( Ai / E ) =
P ( E / Ai ) Now, P( X ³ 5) = 6C5 ( p)5 (q )1 + 6C6 p 6 q0
P( E )
5 6
æ 2ö æ 1ö æ 2ö
= 6 C5 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 6 C6 ç ÷
P( Ai ) P ( E / Ai ) è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø
= n
å P( Ai ) P( E / Ai ) 6 ´ 32 64 256 28
|2| = + = =
36 36 36 36
Thus, both statement 1 and 2 are correct.
40. (b) Since, n(S) = 52 and n(E) = 4
33. (d) Given, the outcomes of an experiment classified as
success A will follow a binomial distribution if P(A) n( E ) 4 1
\ P( E ) = = =
remains constant in all trials. n(S ) 52 13
34. (b) If A, B, C are any three arbitary events then only 41. (b) (A) Total no. of cards = 52
expression A Ç B Ç C will show that both A and B Total no. of ace cards = 4
occur but not C. Total no. of king cards = 4
35. (d) By Baye’s theorem, we know that, conditional 4 4
probability is calculated. P(drawn an ace) = , P(drawn an king) =
52 52
1 1 æ Aö 1
36. (b) Given, P ( A) = , P ( B ) = , P çè ÷ø = Thus, P(drawing either an ace or a king)
3 4 B 6 = P(an ace) + P(a king)
æ A ö P ( A Ç B)
But P ç ÷ = 4 4 8 4 2
è Bø P( B) =+ = = =
52 52 52 26 13
1 P( A Ç B)
Þ = Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
6 1 of A.
4 42. (b) Total no. of letters = 26
1 No. of selected letters = 3
Þ P( A Ç B) =
24 \ No. of ways to select 3 letters out of 26 letters
æ B ö P( A Ç B ) 1/ 24 1 26
\ P çè ÷ø = = = = C3
A P ( A) 1/ 3 8
37. (b) A and B are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events Since, A will not be include in our choice therefore,
with Total no. of letters = 26 – 1 = 25
P(A Ç B) = 0, P(A È B) = 1 Now, No. of ways to select 3 letters out of 25 letters
we know that 25
C3
P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)
Þ 1 = P(A) + 3P(A) 25
C3 25! 3!23! 23
\ Required Prob = = ´ =
1 3 26 3!22! 26! 26
C3
Þ P ( A) = \ P( B) =
4 4
43. (b) Head Tail
3 1
Hence, P( B) = 1 - P( B) = 1 - = 10 0
4 4 9 1
38. (d) Let E be the sum of the faces equals or exceeds 8 2
Then, E = { (5, 5), (4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)} 7 3
6 4
\ n(E) = 6 5 5
n( E ) 6 1 4 6
Hence, P ( E ) = = = 3 7
n( S ) 36 6
2 8
4 1 9
39. (d) Given, np = 4 and npq = 0 10
3
4 1 Hence, total number of points in the sample space is
\ 4q = Þq=
3 3 11.
Probability and Probability Distribution M-479

44. (b) Given set is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} 50. (d) Let P ( X £ 2 ) = 0.25

Total numbers in set = 7
Since, two numbers are drawn without replacement Þ P ( X = 1) + P ( X = 2 ) = 0.25
\ Total number of elementary events = 7C1 × 6C1
Þ k + p1 = 0.25 ( from the table )
=7×6
= 42 Þ p1 = 0.25 - k ...(1)
45. (c) As we know P (A ÈB) £ 1
and P ( X ³ 4 ) = 0.35
\ P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)£ 1
Þ 0.8 + 0.7 – P (A Ç B) £ 1 Þ P ( X = 4 ) + P ( X = 5) = 0.35
Þ P(A Ç B)³ 1.5 – 1
Þ P(A Ç B) ³ 0.5 Þ p2 + 2k = 0.35 ( from the table )
Hence, the minimum value of P(AÇ B) is 0.5. Þ p2 = 0.35 - 2k ...(2)
46. (a) Given, X + Y = 15
From (1) and (2)
The total number of ordered pairs which satisfies
X + Y = 15 is p1 ¹ p2
\ (5, 10), (6, 9), (7, 8), (8, 7), (9, 6), (10, 5) and p1 + p2 = 0.25 - k + 0.35 - 2k = 0.6 – 3 k
\ n (S) = 6 where S denotes the sample space. ¹ P (X = 3)
In each above pairs exactly one of the two numbers is Hence, neither 1 nor 2 is correct.
even number.
51. (a) Statement 1 :
Therefore E = {(5, 10), (6, 9), (7, 8), (8, 7), (9, 6), (10, 5)}
A non leap year has 365 days. i.e., 52 weeks and 1 day.
where E is an event.
1 day can be {Sunday}, {Monday}, {Tuesday},
\ n(E) = 6 {Wednesday}, {Thursday}, {Friday}, {Saturday}
n( E ) 6 In total, there are 7 possibilities and 1 possibility is
\ Required probability = = =1
n( S ) 6 Sunday.
47. (c) We know P(A ÈB) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B) 1
\ Required probability =
1 3 11 2 1 7
Þ P(A Ç B) = + – = =
A leap year has 366 days. i.e., 52 weeks and 2 days.
3 4 12 12 6
2 days can be {Sun, Mon}, {Mon, Tue}, {Tue, Wed},
P ( A Ç B ) 1/ 6 1
Consider P(B/A) = = = {Wed, Thu}, {Thu, Fri}, {Fri, Sat}, {Sat, Sun}.
P ( A) 1/ 3 2 In total, there are 7 possibilities and 2 possibilities have
48. (a) We know that mean and variance of Binomial Sundays.
distribution are np and npq respectively therefore np =
2
8 and npq = 4 \ Required probability =
On dividing we get 7
So, statement 1 is correct.
npq 4 1
q= = = and p + q = 1 Þ p = 1 - 1 = 1 Statement 2 :
np 8 2 2 2 March has 31 days. i.e., 4 complete weeks and 3 days.
æ1ö 3 days can be {S, M, T}, {M, T, W}, {T, W, Th}, {W, Th, F},
Þ n ç ÷ = 8 Þ n = 16 {Th, F, Sa}, {F, Sa, S}, {Sa, S, M}.
è2ø In total 7 possibilities, Monday can come in 3
We know that P ( X = r ) = nCr p r q n- r possibilities
therefore 3
\ Required probabilities =
16-1 1 7
æ1ö æ1ö
P ( X = 1) = 16C1 ç ÷ ç ÷ April has 30 days. i.e., 4 complete weeks and 2 days.
è2ø è2ø 2 days can be {S, M}, {M, T}, {T, W}, {W, Th}, {Th, F},
16 1 {F, Sa}, {Sa, S}.
=
15
= 12 In total 7 possibilities, Monday can come in 2
2 .2 2
possibilities.
49. (c) By Baye’s theorem
Required probability = P (A1/B) 2
\ Required probability =
P ( A1 ) P ( B / A1 ) 7
= \ Statement 2 is wrong.
P ( A1 ) P ( B / A1 ) + P ( A2 ) P ( B / A2 ) + P ( A3 ) P ( B / A3 )
52. (c) Possible samples are as follows
0.4 ´ 0.25 {HHH , HTH , HHT , THH , TTH , THT , HTT , TTT }
=
0.4 ´ 0.25 + 0.4 ´ 0.4 + 0.2 ´ 0.125 Let A be the event of getting one head.
0.1 0.1 20 Let B be the event of getting no head.
= = = Favourable outcome for
0.1 + 0.16 + 0.025 0.285 57
 EBD_7346
M-480 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

A = {TTH , THT , HTT } 59. (c) Let A and B are independent events.
Þ P (A Ç B) = P (A) . P (B) ...(A)
Favourable outcome for
B = {TTT }
1. ( )
Consider P A Ç B = P (A) – P (A Ç B)

Total no. of outcomes = 8 = P (A) – P (A) P (B)

(from A)
3 1
\ P ( A) = , P ( B ) = = P (A) [1–P (B)] = P(A)P(B)
8 8
\ Required probability = Probability of getting one head Hence, A and B are independent.
+ Probability of getting no head 2. Similarly, A and B are independent.

= P(A) + P(B) =
3 1 4 1
+ = = 3. Consider P ( A I B) = P A È B ( )
8 8 8 2
53. (a) No. of blue balls =2 = 1 – P ( A Ç B)
No. of red balls = 7 = 1 – [P(A) + P(B) – P (A U B)]
Total no. of balls = 9 = 1 – P(A) – P (B) + P (A). P(B)
Required probability = [1–P (A)] [1–P(B)]
= P (one ball is blue) + P (both ball is blue) = P(A). P(B)
2 7 2 1 14 2 16 2 Hence, A and B are independent.
= ´ + ´ = + = =
9 8 9 8 72 72 72 9 60. (d) Events when a coin is flipped and head occurs are
{HT, HH}
x Events when a coin is flipped and tail occurs are {T1,
54. (c) Given Probability of guessing a correct answer =
12 T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}
(Q dice are rolled after tail appears)
2 So, Total number of events = 8
and probability of not guessing the correct answer =
3 Favourable event = {H T} = 1
As we know 1
P (occurence of an event) + P (non-occurence of an \ Required probability =
8
event) = 1
6
C1 ´ 5C1 ´ 4C1
x 2 x+8 61. (d) Required probability = 6
\ + =1 Þ = 1 Þ x = 12 - 8 = 4 C1 ´ 6 C1 ´ 6C1
12 3 12
55. (c) Both (1) and (2) statements are correct. 6´ 5´ 4 5
= =
56. (b) A leap year has 366 days, in which 2 days may be any 6´6´6 9
one of the following pairs. æ Aö
62. (a) Let P ( A È B ) = 0.5, P( B ) = 0.8, P ç ÷ = 0.4
(Sunday, Monday), (Monday, Tuesday), (Tuesday, è Bø
Wednesday), (Wednesday, Thursday), (Thursday, P( B ) = 1 – P (B)
Friday) (Friday, Saturday) (Saturday, Sunday). Þ 0.8 = 1 – P (B)
Þ P (B) = 1 – 0.8 = 0.2
2 2 1 3
\ Required probability = + - =
7 7 7 7 æ Aö P( A Ç B)
Now, P ç ÷ =
è Bø P( B)
(By using P ( A È B) =P(A)+P(B) – P(A Ç B)
æ Aö
57. (b) Given digits are 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. Þ P (B) × P ç ÷ = P ( A Ç B )
è Bø
Total number of cases = 4× 4× 4 Þ 0.4 × 0.2 = P ( A Ç B )
(Q We have 4 choices for each number) Þ 0.08 = P ( A Ç B )
4 1 63. (b) Since, probability of answering all the three questions
\ Required probability = = 1 1 1 1
64 16 correctly = ´ ´ =
4 4 4 64
4
C2 ´ 4 C2 36 18 \ Probability of not answering all the three questions
58. (a) Required probability = 8
= =
C2 70 35 1 63
correctly = 1 - =
64 64
Probability and Probability Distribution M-481

64. (a) Since, A and B are mutually exclusive events. 70. (a)
\ P (AB) = P (A Ç B) = 0 M S
65. (c) Since, 4 letters are randomly inserted into the 4 enve-
lopes therefore
1 1 1
Required probability = = =
4! 4 ´ 3 ´ 2 24 40 30 25
66. (c) Total number of letters = 4
Total number of vowels = 2 (O and E)
2 1
Required Probability = =
4 2 Required probability
67. (b) Let A = Event of husband’s selection
and B = Event of wife’s selection 40 25 65 13
= + = =
125 125 125 25
Given : P(A) =
1
5
( ) 1 4
Þ P A =1 - =
5 5 71. (d) Total no. of case = 63 = 216
Favourable cases = {(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4),
P(B) =
1
3
( )
Þ P B =1- =
1 2
3 3
(5, 5, 5), (6, 6, 6)}.
6 1
P(Only one of them selected) Probability = =
216 36
( ) ( )
= P ( A) ´ P B + P A ´ P ( B ) 72. (b) No. of days in leap year = 366
1 2 4 1 2 4 6 2 No. of complete week = 52
= ´ + ´ = + = =
5 3 5 3 15 15 15 5 (Q 366 ¸ 7 gives 2 as remainder )
68. (a) Let radius of circle be ‘r’. \ No. of days left = 2
Total possible outcomes = Area of circle = pr2
2
Observe the figure, we have to find the probability of Required probability =
point, P in the ring which will be closer to circumference. 7
73. (a) Maximum sum of numbers appearing on four dice
together = 24
P \ Required probability = 0
74. (b) Prob. (certain event) = 1
r/2 Þ P (E) = 1
75. (b) Total no. of days in leap year = 366
Favourable cases = 2
Area of ring = Area of outer circle – Area of inner circle 2
2 Required prob =
ærö pr 3pr 2 2 7
= pr2 – p ç ÷ = pr2 – =
è2ø 4 4 3 1
76. (b) Given P ( A È B) = , P ( A Ç B) = ,
3pr 2 4 4
So, favourable outcome = .
4
( )
P A =
2
3
Þ P(A) =
1
3
3 2
pr As we know
4 3
\ Required probability = =
pr 2 4 P ( A È B) = P ( A ) + P ( B) - P ( A Ç B)
69. (a) Total number of words formed by letters of UNIVERSITY
3 1 1
\ = + P ( B) -
10! 4 3 4
= (Q I is repeated)
2!
3 1 1
Taking two Is together, number of ways to arrange Þ + - = P ( B)
letters of UNIVERSITY = 9! 4 4 3
\ Probability of two Is coming together 2
Þ P(B) =
9! 9!´ 2! 2 1 3
= = = =
10! 10! 10 5 77. (d) Three coins tossed simultaneously
2! \ Total outcomes = 23 = 8
\ Probability of two Is not coming together Now, S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTT, TTH, THT,
HTT}
1 4
=1– =
5 5
 EBD_7346
M-482 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Favourbale cases = two heads one tail 6 1
= HHT, HTH, THH 83. (d) P ( A Ç B) = =
36 6
3 84. (c) 6 × 2 × 2 = 24 sample points
\ Required prob = .
8 (Q no. of points in sample space of a die = 6 and
78. (b) An event having one sample point is called an no. of points in sample space of a coin = 2)
elementary event. 85. (b) A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {1, 3, 5}, C = {4, 5, 6}
79. (b) This is the question of Binomial Distribution. Hence, A and B are mutually exclusive.
Number of r success in n trial is 86. (a) Total case = 6 × 6 = 36
Pr = nCr pr qn–r. Favourable = (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)
Where p= prob of success 6 1
Probability = =
q = prob. of failure = 1 – p 36 6
2 1 87. (d) From Binomial Distribution, we have
Given : n = 10, p = ,q= P (X = r) = nCr (p)r (q)n–r, r £ n.
3 3
In the given quesiton
10 0
æ2ö æ1ö 210 1 1
Fo r = 10, P10 = 10C10 ç ÷ ç ÷ = n = 4, r = 2, p = prob. of head = , q = prob. of tail =
è3ø è 3ø 310 2 2
2 2
27 4 æ1ö æ1ö 6 3
For r = 7, P7 = 120. P (X = 2) = C2 ´ ç ÷ ´ ç ÷ = =
310 2
è ø è ø 2 16 8
88. (c) Total number of balls = 5 + 3 = 8.
25
For r = 5, P5 = 252 × 10 Prob (both ball are white)
3
3 2
= ´ (Q No. of white ball = 3)
24 8 7
For r = 4, P4 = 210.
310 3
It is maximum for r = 7 =
28
Solutions for 80 and 81 89. (c) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
We have P A È B = P A + P B – P A Ç B )
Total number of balls in urn – I = 1 Black + 1 Green = 2 Balls
Total number of balls in urn – II =1 White + 1 Green = 2 Balls = P ( A ) + P ( B) - P ( A È B )
1 1 1 By (De-Morgan’s law)
80. (c) Required prob = (1 G)I × (1G)II = ´ =
2 2 4
81. (d) Required prob = (1 G)I × (1G)II + (1 G)I × (1B) I ( ) ( )
= P A + P B - (1 - P ( A È B ) ) = .4 + .3 - (1 - .9 ) = .6
+ (1 G)II × (1W)II . 90. (d) P(HHHHT or TTTTH) = P (HHHHT) + P (TTTTH)
æ1 1ö æ1 1ö æ1 1ö 1 1 1 3 5
æ1ö æ1ö
5
1
= ç ´ ÷+ç ´ ÷ + ç ´ ÷ = + + = = ç ÷ +ç ÷ =
è2 2ø è2 2ø è2 2ø 4 4 4 4 è 2 ø è 2 ø 16
91. (c) P(X = r) will be maximum when r is mode. There are 2
82. (c) In A there are 18 events possible.
cases.
18 1 (i) If (n + 1)P is an integer, binomial distribution is
\ P(A) = =
36 2 bimodal and two modal values are (n + 1)P and
In B there are 12 events are possible (n + 1)P – 1.
12 1 (ii) If (n + 1)P is not an integer, then modal value is
\ P(B) = = integral part of (n + 1)P.
36 3
In A Ç B there are 6 events are possible. 1 1
Now, Here, (n + 1)P = (100 + 1) = 101 × = 33.69, which is
3 3
P(A È B) = P ( A ) + P(B) – P ( A Ç B) not integer.
\ P(X = r) is maximum at integral part of 33.69 i.e., 33.
1 1 1 3 + 2 -1 4 2
= + - = = = 92. (b) Required no. of elementary events = 8C2 × 2! = 56
2 3 6 6 6 3
93. (b) Binomial distribution has two parameters n and p,
where n is number of trials and p is probability of
success.
Probability and Probability Distribution M-483

94. (c) Minimum 4 balls have to be drawn so that among 1

these there are two of the same colour 105. (d) Probability of A =
6
95. (c) A, B and C are mutually exclusive
1
A ÇBÇC = 0 Probability of B =
P(A ÇBÇC ) = 0 5
96. (c) As A and B are independent event 1
So, P(A Ç B) = P(A) · P(B) Probability of C =
4
1 1 1 1 1
P(A Ç B) = ·P ( B ) Hence, required probability = ´ ´ =
5 6 5 4 120
Now, P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B) 106. (b) Total number of balls = 5
Number of black balls = 2
7 1 1 Required probability
= + P(B) - ·P(B)
10 5 5 n(E) 2 C1 ´ 1C1 2 1 1
æ 1ö 7 1 = n(S) = 5 = ´ =
P(B) ç1 - ÷ = - C2 5 2 5
è 5 ø 10 5 6 1 4 1
107. (b) P (A) = = , P(B) = =
4 1 5 12 2 12 3
·P(B) = Þ P(B) =
5 2 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
Req. probability = . . + . . = + =
2 3 2 3 2 3 12 18 36
Now, P(B) = 1 - P(B) = 1 - 5 = 3 . Sol. (108–111)
8 8
Set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and z = x + y
1 x = set of odd numbers
97. (b) P= q= , nP = 6
2 y = set of even numbers
n 108. (d) n (S) = 12
= 6 Þ n = 12 n (E1) = 2
2
98. (c) Number of possible outcomes = 36 n(E1 ) 2 1
When sum is 10, samples are (5, 5), (4, 6) and (6, 4) P (Z = 5) = = =
n(S) 12 6
3 1
Required probability = = n(E 2 ) 0
36 12 109. (a) P (Z = 10) = = =0
99. (c) Number of possible outcomes = 216 n(S) 12
triplets = (1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4), (5, 5, 5), 110. (d) Z > 11 is only possible when x = 7 and y = 6
(6, 6, 6)
6 1 n(E 3 ) 1
Required probability = = P (> 11) = =
216 36 n(S) 12
100. (a) 111. (c) Z = product of two prime numbers
101. (d) For binomial distribution Z = x + y = 7 + 6 = 13
p < 1, q < 1 and p + q = 1 n (E4) = 3
102. (b) Possible outcomes are (Head, 1), (Head, 2), (Head, 3),
(Head, 4), (Head, 5), (Head, 6), Tail n(E 4 ) 3 1
P (Z = 9) = n(S) = 12 = 4
2
103. (c) P (A È B) – P (A Ç B) =
5
We know that, P (A È B) = P(A) + P (B) – P (A Ç B) P(A Ç B¢) P(A) - P(AB)
112. (b) P (A/B') = = 1- P(B)
2 P(B¢ )
\ P(A) + P(B) – P (AÇB) – P (AÇB) = 113. (b) A, B and D are exhaustive events but not mutually
5
exclusive events.
2 2 2
+ – 2 P (A Ç B ) = 114. (c) A, B and C are exhaustive events and mutually exclusive
3 5 5 events.
2 2 2 115. (a) B and C are mutually exclusive events but not
– 2 P (A Ç B) = - - exhaustive events.
5 3 5
116. (d) C and E are mutually exclusive and elementary events.
6 - 16 -10 2 -1 1
– 2 P (A Ç B) = Þ =- ´ = 117. (a) Clearly, A Ç B Í A
15 15 3 2 3 Þ P (A Ç B) £ P (A) ...(i)
104. (b) February 2016 has 29 days. AÍ AÈ B
= 4 weeks + 1 odd day. Þ P (A) £ P (A È B) ...(ii)
1 We know that, P (A È B) = P(A) + P (B) – P (A Ç B)
Now, probability that 1 odd day is monday = . Þ P (A È B) £ P (A) + P (B) ...(iii)
7
From eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
P (AÇB) £ P (A) £ P (A È B) £ P(A) + P (B)
 EBD_7346
M-484 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
118. (a) Q 1U, 1N, 2I, 1V, 1E, 1R, 1S, 1T, 1Y
10! 2 3 3 2
\ Total number of possible arrangements = æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö
2! 124. (d) P= 5C2 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 5C3 ç ÷ ç ÷
è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø
10!
and favourable arrangements = – 9! æ1ö æ1ö
4 1 5
æ1ö æ1ö
0
2! + 5C4 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 5C5
è 2ø è2ø çè ÷ø çè ÷ø
2 2
10!
- 9!
2! æ1ö 5
5
\ Required probability =
= ç ÷ éë C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 ùû
5 5 5
10!
è2ø
2!
9!(5 - 1) 4 1
´2 = = 2 [10 + 10 + 5 + 1]
= 3
9!´ 10 5
119. (d) Box I ® 4 W; 3 B 1 13
Box II ® 3 W; 4 B = 2 × 26 = .
3 16
3 1
Probability for choosing first box = =
6 2 126. (d) nP = 2
1 n Pq = 1
Probability for choosing second box =
2 1
q=
1 3 2
´ P+q=1
2 7
\ Required probability =
1 3 1 4 1 1
´ + ´ P=1– =
2 7 2 7 2 2

3 3 æ1ö
nç ÷ =2
14 3 è2ø
= = 14 =
3 4 7 7 \ n=4
+
14 14 14 4–0
æ1ö 1
120. (d) Let A and B be the events 4
C0 = ç ÷ = .
è2ø 16
= P(A Ç B) + P(B Ç A)
3
= P(A) - P(A Ç B) + P(B) - P(A Ç B) 127. (b) P(A È B) =
4
= P (A) + P (B) – 2P (A Ç B)
= 0.05 + 0.1 – 2 (0.02) 1
= 0.15 – 0.04 = 0.11 P(A Ç B) =
4
Hence the pobability that only one of them will qualify
1
121. (b)
the examination is 0.11.
n(S) = 24 = 16
P A =( ) 2
3
, P(A) =
3
and n(E) = 4C0 + 4C1 + 4C2 + 4C3
3 1 1 9 – 4+3 8 2
4´3 \ P(B) = – + = = =
=1+4+ + 4 = 1 + 4 + 6 + 4 = 15 4 3 4 12 12 3
2 ´1
\ Option (b) is correct.
n(E) 15 128. (c) n(S) = 6 × 6 = 36
\ P(E) = =
n(S) 16 1,1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1,6

122. (a) ( ) ( )
P = P(E1) P E 2 + P E1 P(E2)
2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5
3,1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4 3, 5
2, 6
3, 6
1 æ 1ö æ 1 ö 1 4,1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6
= çè1 – ÷ø + çè1 – ÷ø
2 3 2 3 5,1 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5, 5 5, 6
1 2 1 1 6,1 6, 2 6, 3 6, 4 6, 5 6, 6
= ´ + ´ \ Required number of exhausistance events
2 3 2 3
= (6 – 1) × (6 – 1) = 5 × 5 = 25
1 1 1 \ Option (c) is correct.
= + =
3 6 2
\ Option (a) is correct.
Probability and Probability Distribution M-485

4
134. (a) Let P denote the probability of getting head in a single
C1
4 1 toss of a coin.
129. (b) P(A) = 52 = =
C1 52 13 1 1
\ p= Þq=
2 2
3 Let X denote the no. of heads in 5 tosses of a coin.
C1 3 1
P(B/A) = 51
= = then, X is a binomial variate with parameters; n = 5 &
C1 51 17
1
p= .
1 1 1 2
\ Required probability = ´ = \ Req. probability = P (x > 3)
13 17 221
= 1 – P (x £ 3)
\ Option (b) is correct.
= 1 – [P (x = 0) + P (x = 1) + P (x = 2) + P (x = 3)]
130. (c) Total no. of 3-digit numbers = 9 ×8 ×7 = 504
For product to be odd, we have to choose only from 1
= 1 – [5C0+5C1+5C2 + 5C3]
odd numbers. 25
\ Total no. of 3-digit no. whose product are odd 1
= 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 = 1 – [1 + 5 + 10 + 10]
32
60 5 32 26 6 3
\ Required probability = = = - = =
504 42 32 32 32 16
135. (c) S = {H, TH, TTH, TTTH, TTTT}
131. (c) Q P(B) = 0.8 Þ P(B) = 0.2
1
P(A È B) = 0.5 & P(A| B) = 0.4 P (T) = P (H) =
2
Q P(A Ç B) = P(B) ´ P(A | B) = 0.2 ´ 0.4 = 0.08 [Probability of getting head or tail in a single toss]
\ Probability that no head is observed = P(TTTT)
& P(A) = P(A È B) - P(B) + P(A Ç B) = P(T) P(T) P(T) P(T)
P(A) = 0.5 – 0.2 + 0.08 = 0.38 1 1
132. (d) We have; np = 2 = mean = 4
=
2 16
npq = 1 = variance And the probability that the experiment ends with 3
1 1 tosses
Þ p = ;q = & n = 4 = P (TTH)
2 2 = P(T) P(T) P(H)
Required probability = P(x > 1)
1
= 1 – P (x £ 1) =
= 1 – [P(x = 0) + P (x = 1)] 8
= 1 – [4C0q4 + 4C1q3p1] Hence, both statements are correct.
136. (a) Let x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
5 11 Þ x = 1, 2
= 1- = \ x2 – 3x + 2 ³ 0 for x Î [0, 1] È [2, 3] È [3, 4] È [4, 5].
16 16
133. (a) Let X denote the no. of coins showing 3 or more heads It is given that :
x Î [0, 1] È [1, 2] È [2, 3] È [3, 4] È [4, 5]
in a set of 7 coins.
X follows binomial distribution with n = 7 4
\ Required probability =
p = probability of getting a head in a single toss of a 5
coin Y
1 1 (5, 12)
Þp= ; thus q = 1 - p = . 12
2 2 11
\ Probability of getting at least 3 heads 10
= P (x ³ 3) 9
= 1 – P (x < 3) 8
= 1 – [P (x = 0) + P (x = 1) + P (x = 2)] 7 (4, 6)
6 f(x) = x2 – 3x + 2
1
= 1 – [7C0 + 7C1 + 7C2] 7 5
2 4
128 29 99 3
= - = 2 (0, 2) (3, 2)
128 128 128
1
99 X¢ X
\ No. of throws = ´ 128 = 99 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
128
Y¢
 EBD_7346
M-486 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
137. (b) P (one white ball & one black ball) 141. (b) Total no. of two different single digit natural number
= P {[black from 1st bag & white from 2nd] or [white = 9C2 = 36
from 1st & black from 2nd]} The number of prime number which is sum of two different
= P ([B1 Ç W2) È (W1 Ç B2)] single digit number. (3, 5, 7, 11, 13 & 17) = 14
= P (B1 Ç W2) + P(W1 Ç B2) 14 7
(By addition theorem for mutually \ Required probability = =
exclusive events) 36 18
= P (B1) P(W2) + P(W1) P(B2) 142. (b) As we know that 3 dice are thrown. We want prob. of
(\ B2 & W2; B2 & W1 are pairs of sum on three faces at least 5 i.e. some may be 5 or more.
independent events) We will find prob. of sum on three faces not 5 or less.
i.e. sum on faces is 3 and 4 (1, 2 is not possible because
é 2 3ù é 4 5ù of 3 dice).
= ê ´ ú+ê ´ ú
ë 6 8û ë 6 8 û No. of ways for sum on faces not 5 or more = 4
13 [(1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 2), (2, 1, 1)]
= Total out comes = 216
24
1 1 1 4
138. (d) Let P(A) = , P(B) = & P(C) = Prob. of not 5 or more =
2 3 4 216
P(AÈ B È C) = 1 - P(A) P(B) P(C) Prob. of sum on three faces at least 5
4 212 53
æ 1 ö æ 1ö æ 1 ö = 1- = =
= 1 - ç1 - ÷ ç1 - ÷ ç 1 - ÷ 216 216 54
è 2 ø è 3ø è 4 ø
143. (d) A and B are independent.
é1 2 3ù 1 3
= 1- ê ´ ´ ú = 1- = 1 3
ë 2 3 4 û 4 4 P(A) = P(B) =
3 4
139. (a) Let E1, E2, E3 & A be events defined as follows.
E1 = person chosen is a scooter driver We want to find probability that exactly one of the two
E2 = person chosen is a car driver. events A or B occurs i.e. when A occurs B does not and
E3 = person chosen is a truck driver & vice-versa.
A = person meets with an accident Lets take desired prob. is P.
\ P = P(A) (1 – P(B)) + P(B) (1 – P(A))
2000 1 1 1
P (E1) = = ; P(E2) = & P(E3) = 1æ 3ö 3 æ 1ö
12000 6 3 2 = ç1 - ÷ + ç1 - ÷
Q Probability that a person meets with an accident 3è 4ø 4è 3ø
æ ö 1 1 3´ 2
given that he is a scooter driver = P è A E ø = 0.01 = ´ +
1
3 4 12
P æ A ö = 0.03 & P æ A ö = 0.15 7
è E2 ø è E3 ø P=
Q the person meets with an accident. 12
\ the probability that he was a scooter driver 144. (b) Coin is tossed three times i.e. total outcomes = 2 3 = 8
[(H, H, H), (H, H, T), (H, T, H), (H, T, T), (T, H, H),
P(E1 )P æ A ö
è E1 ø (T, H, T), (T, T, H), (T, T, T)]
P æ 1 Aö =
E
= è ø
P(E1 )P æ A E ö + P(E 2 )P æ A E ö + P(E3 )P æ A E ö Alternate head and tail are coming two times only.
è 1ø è 2ø è 3ø
2 1
1 ´ 0.01 Thus prob. of getting head and tail alternately = =
æE ö 6 1 8 4
= P è 1 Aø = 1 =
æ ö æ1 ö æ1 ö 52
çè ´ 0.01÷ø + çè ´ 0.03÷ø + çè ´ 0.15÷ø 1
1C1
6 3 2 =
145. (a) Prob. of getting queen of spade = 52
140. (a) Let p denote the probability of getting tail in a single C1 52
of a coin. 146. (c) Since two dice are thrown so number of outcomes are
1 1 36.
\p= Þ q = &n = 5 No. of ways when sum on two faces less than 4 = 3.
2 2 [(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1)]
Let X denot no. of tails in 5 tosses of coin. Hence prob of getting sum on two faces less than 4
\ Required probability = P(x = 1) + P (x = 3) + P (x = 5)
1 5 3 1
é C1 + 5C3 + 5 C5 ùû = =
=
25 ë
36 12
Thus required prob. that sum on the two faces is greater
1 16 1
= [5 + 10 + 1] = = 1 11
25 32 2 than or equal to 4 = 1 - =
12 12
Probability and Probability Distribution M-487

147. (a) Probability of hitting the target = 0.3 Req. probability= P (x =1) + P (x = 3) + ....+ P(x = 99)
If 'n' is the no. of times that the Missile is fired. 100
\ Probability of hitting at least once = 1– [1–0.3]n = 0.8 é1ù é 100 C1 +100C3 +....+100C99 ù
= ê ú ë û
0.7n = 0.2 ë 2û
n log 0.7 = log 0.2
1 1
Þ n = 4.512 = 100
299 =
for n = 4; p < 0.8 2 2
take n = 5 152. (d) Total no. of elementary events = 63.
Favourable no. of elementary events
n=5
Hence 5 missiles should be fired so that there is at least = coefficient of x0 in [ x + x -1 + x0 + x-2 + x 2 + x3 ]3
80% prob. that the target is hit.
3
148. (b) Events A and B are mutually exclusive. é 1 + x + x 2 + x3 + x 4 + x 5 ù
Hence P ( A Ç B) = f = 0 = coeff. of x0 in ê ú
ë x2 û
\ P ( A È B) = P ( A) + P( B ) ...(1)
P(A) = 0.2 [given] = coeff. of x6 in [1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 ]3
P( B) = P( A Ç B) + P( A Ç B) 3
é1 - x 6 ù
P ( B) = P ( A Ç B) [Q P ( A Ç B ) = 0] = coeff. of x6 in ê ú
ë 1- x û
= 0.3
P ( A È B) = 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.5 = coeff. of x6 in [1 - x6 ]3[1 - x]
P( A) 0.2 2
P ( A | ( A È B)) = = = = coeff. of x6 in [1 - 3C1 x6 + ....][1 - x]-3
P ( A È B ) 0.5 5
2 = coeff. of x6 in (1 - x) -3 × 3C1 coeff. of x0 in (1 - x) -3
P ( A | ( A È B )) =
5 = 6+ 3-1C3-1 - 3C1
149. (c) In month of December 31 days i.e. (28 + 3) days.
In 28 days will get 4 Sundays. 8! 3!
If we get any Sunday in first 3 days of December than = 8C2 - 3C1 = -
6!2! 2!
only we can get 5 Sundays in month.
n (5th Sunday) = 3 [4 weeks + 3 days] 8´7
n(5) = 7 = - 3 = 25.
2
3
Hence prob. of 5 Sundays in month of December = .
7 25
6 Required probability =
150. (d) 216
1 1 153. (d) The probability of rain in one day
1 4 1
25 1
= =
100 4
3 5
Probability of getting at least one rainy day within a
period of 7 days
1 1
1 1 é 1ù
7
é3ù
7
Probability that the randomly selected point is at least = 1 - ê1 - ú = 1 - ê ú
ë 4 û ë4û
one inch from the edge of the rectangle
4 ´ 3 12 2 70 7
= = = P ( A) = = = P(B)
6 ´ 5 30 5 154. (b)
100 10
151. (a) Let x denote number of tails. Then, X is a binomial
variate with parameters: A and B are independent.
1 Þ P ( A Ç B ) = P ( A) P ( B )
x = 100 & p =
2 Þ P ( A È B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) - P( A Ç B)
100
æ 1ö
\ p (x = r) = 100 Cr ç ÷ ; (r = 0, 1, 2, ........ 100) 7 7 7 7
è 2ø = + - ´ = 0.91
10 10 10 10
 EBD_7346
M-488 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

1 1 1 1 3 3 1 7
155. (a) = m ´ n ´ + m ´ ´ (1 - n) + m ´ n ´1– Þ P( A È B) = + - =
2 2 2 2 5 10 5 10
7 3
Þ 1 = m(n + 1) Þ P( A È B) = 1 - =
10 10
5 P(A) 3
156. (a) Odd in fav. for student (A) = = Þ P ( A Ç B ) = P ( A È B) =
2 P(A ') 10
4 P(B) 3
Odd in fav. for student (B) = = æ A ö P ( A Ç B) 10 3 10
3 P(B ') Þ P çç ÷÷ = = = ´
èBø P( B ) 7 10 7
3 P(C)
Odd in fav. for student (C) = = 10
4 P(C ') æ Aö 3
Þ P çç ÷÷ = .
2 3 4 èBø 7
Þ P(A ') = P(A), P(B') = P(B), P(C ') = P(C)
5 4 3 159. (c) Probability that machine stops working
= P( A È B È C )
Now P(A) + P(A ') = 1 Þ P(A) + 2 P(A) = 1 Þ P(A) = 5
5 7 Þ P ( A È B È C ) = P( A) + P( B) + P(C )

Also P(B) + P(B ') = 1 Þ P(B) + 3 P(B) = 1 Þ P(B) = 4 - P ( A Ç B) - P ( A Ç C ) - P ( B Ç C )

4 7 + P( A Ç B Ç C )
And P(C) + P(C ') = 1 Þ P(C) + 4 P(C) = 1 Þ P(C) = 3 Þ P ( A È B È C ) = P( A) + P( B) + P(C )
3 7
- P ( A) P ( B ) - P ( A) P (C )
2 5 2 3 4 3
\ P(A ') = ´ = , P(B ') = ´ = , - P ( B ) P (C ) + P( A) P( B) P(C )
5 7 7 4 7 7
(Q A, B & C are independent events)
4 3 4 Þ P ( A È B È C ) = 0.02 + 0.1 + 0.05 - (0.02 ´ 0.1)
P(C ') =´ =
3 7 7
-(0.02 ´ 0.05) - (0.1´ 0.05)
Req. Prob. = P(A) ´ P(B) ´ P(C ') + P(A) ´ P(B') ´ P(C)
+(0.02 ´ 0.05 ´ 0.1)
+ P(A ') ´ P(B) ´ P(C) + P(A) ´ P(B) ´ P(C)
Þ P ( A È B È C ) = 0.16
5 4 4 5 3 3 2 4 3 5 4 3 \ Probability that the machine will not stop working
= ´ ´ + ´ ´ + ´ ´ + ´ ´
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 = 1 - P ( A È B È C ) = 1 - 0.16 = 0.84
209 1 1
= 160. (c) P ( A1 ) = =
343 1 +1 2
75 3 1
157. (c) Probabilty of medicine to cure a patient = = P ( A2 ) =
100 4 3
Probability of curing at least one patient 1
P ( A3 ) =
5 5 4
é 3ù æ1ö 1 1023 \ Probability that at least one of these events occur is
= 1 - ê1 - ú = 1 - ç ÷ = 1 - =
ë 4 û 4
è ø 1024 1024 P ( A1 È A2 È A3 ). Also A1 , A2 & A3 are independent
3 3 events.
158. (a) P ( A) = ; P(B) =
5 10 P ( A1 È A2 È A3 ) = P ( A1 ) + P ( A2 ) + P ( A3 )
7 - P ( A1 Ç A2 ) - P( A1 Ç A3 )
Þ P ( B ) = 1 - P( B ) =
10 -P( A2 Ç A3 ) + P( A1 Ç A2 Ç A3 )
æ Aö 2 1 1 1 æ1 1ö æ1 1ö
Pç ÷ = = + + -ç ´ ÷-ç ´ ÷
èBø 3 2 3 4 è 2 3ø è 2 4 ø
æ A ö P( A Ç B ) 2 æ1 1ö æ1 1 1ö
Þ Pç ÷ = = -ç ´ ÷ + ç ´ ´ ÷
èBø P( B) 3 è3 4ø è2 3 4ø
2 3 1 3
Þ P ( A Ç B) = ´ = = .
3 10 5 4
P ( A È B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) - P( A Ç B )
Probability and Probability Distribution M-489

161. (d) Req. Prob. = P(5 points) = P(two wins and one draw) 169. (c) Total no of outcomes when two dice are thrown
= P(WWD) + P(WDW) + P(DWW) = 6 × 6 = 36
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 outcomes when sum is 8 = (2, 6) (6, 2) (3, 5) (5, 3) (4, 4)
= ´ ´ + ´ ´ + ´ ´ =5
3 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 3
Outcomes when sum is 9
1 = (3, 6) (6, 3) (4, 5) (5, 4)
=
18 =4
162. (c) X follows B (6, p) = 16 P( x = 4) = P( x = 2) Possible number of outcomes
= 36 – (5 + 4) = 36 – 9 = 27
Þ 16 6C4 × p 4 (1 - p)6- 4 = 6C2 × p 2 (1 - p)6 - 2
27 3
6! 4 6! 2 \ Required probability = =
Þ 16 ´ p (1 - p) 2 = p (1 - p)4 36 4
4! 2! 2! 4! 170. (d) A & B are mutualy exclusive events. i.e.,
P (A Ç B) = 0
Þ 16 p 2 = (1 - p)2 Þ 16 p 2 = 1 + p 2 - 2 p
Þ 15 p 2 + 2 p - 1 = 0 Þ 15 p 2 + 5 p - 3 p - 1 = 0 ( ) (
We know, P A Ç B = P A È B )
= 1 – P (A È B)
1 1 = 1 – [P (A) + P (B) – P (A Ç B)]
Þ p= ,-
5 3
é1 1 ù
1 = 1 - ê + - 0ú
As P > 0 Þ P = ë3 4 û
5
163. (a) 2 Men + 2 Women é7ù 5
=1- ê ú = .
2 ë12 û 12
C0 ´ 2 C2 1 ´1 1
Required probability = 4
=
6
=
6 171. (c) Mean, x = np = 12 ...(i)
C2
Standard deviation
164. (c) Required probability = 1 – (P' (A). P' (B). P' (C))
Þ npq = 2
æ 1 öæ 1 ö æ 1 ö
=1– ç1– ÷ç1– ÷ ç1– ÷ Þ npq = 4 ...(ii)
è 2 øè 3 ø è 4 ø
( ii ) n p q 4 1
æ 1 2 3ö Þ = Þq=
= ç1– ´ ´ ÷ (i ) n p 12 3
è 2 3 4ø
1 2
1 3 p = 1- =
=1- = 3 3
4 4 Now, (i) Þ np = 12
165. (b) A Í B ÞAÇ B =A
æ2ö
Þ n ç ÷ = 12 Þ 2n = 36 Þ n = 18
æ A ö P ( A Ç B ) P ( A ) 0.2 2 è3ø
\ Pç ÷ = = = =
è Bø P ( B) P ( B ) 0.5 5 No. of favourable outcomes
172. (b) We know, P ( E ) = Total no. of outcomes
æ B ö P ( A Ç B ) P ( A ) 0.2
Pç ÷ = = = =1 4´3
èAø P (A) P ( A ) 0.2 4
Number of possible outcomes = C 2 = =6
2 ´1
2 (selecting 2 people from 4 people)
ærö
pç ÷ Number of favourable outcomes
166. (b) Probability = è 2 ø
= 2 C1 × 2 C1 = 2 ´ 2 = 4
pr 2
æ r2 ö (selecting 1 from 2 men, 1 from 2 women)
pç ÷ 4 2
è 4ø P (E) = = .
= 6 3
p r2 173. (c) Possible prime numbers on the dice are 2, 3 and 5.
2 2 1 1 2
r 1
= = Probability of getting prime number = ´ + ´ .
4r 2 4 3 3 3 3
167. (a) Number of ace cards = 4 2 2
= +
4 1 9 9
So, probability = =
4
52 13 = .
9
 EBD_7346
M-490 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
174. (d) Given S = 51 (includes 0) 1
x denotes the multiples of 3 upto 51. 178. (c) Probability that a ship reaches port = .
3
n(x) = 16
y denotes the odd numbers upto 51. 1 2
n(y) = 25 Probability that a ship not reaching port = 1 - =
3 3
16 25 Number of ships (n) = 5.
\ P (x) = , P ( y) = r = 4, 5
51 51
4 5- 4 5 5 -5
æ1ö æ 2ö æ1ö æ2ö
1 2 1 p ( 4 ) + p ( 5 ) = 5c 4 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 5 c5 ç ÷ ç ÷
175. (a) P ( A ) = , P ( A È B ) = and P ( A Ç B ) = . è 3ø è 3 ø è3ø è3ø
2 3 6
P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B) æ 2ö 1
= 5ç ÷ +
2 1 1 è 35 ø 35
= + P ( B) -
3 2 6 10 1 11
= + =
2 1 1 1 243 243 243
Þ P (B) = - + = . 179. (b) Probability that no one born in the same month
3 2 6 3
12 ´ 11 ´ 10
1 1 1 =
P ( A Ç B) = - = . 12 ´ 12 ´ 12
3 6 6 Probability that atleast two are born in same month
1 1 1 12 ´ 11 ´ 10
176. (c) P ( A ) = , P ( B ) = , P ( A Ç B) = =1-
3 6 12 12 ´ 12 ´ 12
(
P BÇA ) =
144 - 110 17
=
(
P B| A = ) P A ( ) 144 72
3 1 1
180. (a) P ( B) = , P ( A Ç B Ç C) = , P ( A Ç B Ç C) = .
1 1 1
( )
Now, P B Ç A = P ( B) - P ( A Ç B) = - =
6 12 12 We know,
4 3 3

1 2 ( ) (
P BÇ C = P A Ç BÇ C + P A Ç BÇ C ) ( )
( )
P A = 1- =
3 3 1 1 2
= + =
1 3 3 3
1 3 1
\ P ( B | A ) = 12 = ´ = .
(
P ( B) = P ( B Ç C ) + P B Ç C )
2 12 2 8
3
\ P ( B Ç C ) = P ( B) - P B Ç C ( )
3 2 9 -8 1
2 5 = - = = .
177. (c) Mean = , variance = 4 3 12 12
3 9 181. (b) Probability of knowing correct answer = p
æ 1ö
np =
2
, npq =
5 Probability to guess correct answer = (1 - p) ç ÷
3 9 è mø
1- p
Þ
2 5 5 3 5
q= Þq= ´ = Probability to answer correctly = p +
m
3 9 9 2 6
p mp
5 1 So, required probability = = .
So, p = 1 - = . 1 - p mp + 1 - p
p+
6 6 m
2 æ1ö 2 2 mp
Now, np = Þ n ç ÷ = Þ n = ´ 6 = 4. =
3 è6ø 3 3 1 + p ( m - 1) .

æ1ö
2
æ5ö
4-2 182. (c) 3 sticks can be selected from 5 sticks in 5 c3 ways
n -r
\ p ( x = 2 ) = cr × p × q
n r 4
= c2 × ç ÷ ×ç ÷
è6ø è6ø 5
c3 = 10 .
1 25 Probability that selected sticks from a triangle is
= 6´ ´
36 36 4 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´1
n ( E ) = 4 c3 - 1 = - 1 = 4 - 1 = 3.
3 ´ 2 ´1
25
= .
3
216 \ p (E) = = 0.3
10
Probability and Probability Distribution M-491

183. (b) The statements (1) and (3) are true. Statement 2 : P(A alone or B alone)
184. (b) Probability of solving Question A, P(A) = 0.4 = P(A) – P(A Ç B) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)
Probability of solving Question B, P(B) = 0.5 = P(A) + P(B) – 2P (–A Ç B)
\ P(A¢) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6 \ It is false.
P(B¢) = 1 – P(B) = 1 – 0.5 = 0.5 Statement 3 : If A, B are mutually exclusive events,
Probability to solve atleast one question = P(A È B) then P(A Ç B) = 0
P(A È B) = 1 – P(A¢ Ç B¢) Þ P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B)
= 1 – (0.6 × 0.5) It is correct.
= 1 – 0.3 190. (a) n ( E ) = 4 C2 ´ 5 C1 = 6 ´ 5 = 30 .
= 0.7
185. (b) When two dice are rolled, the events where we get sum n ( S) = 9 C3 = 84
of 7 is
E = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)} n ( E) 30 5
\ Probability, P ( E ) = = =
\ n(E) = 6 n ( S) 84 14
Total number of events, n(S) = 36.
n ( E) 6 1 191. (c) A = Event of showing 5 and atleast one dice
\ Probability = = =
n ( S) 36 6 = (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5) (5, 5), (6, 5), (5, 1),
(5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 6)
186. (b) Given, 2.P(A) = 3.P(B) n(A) = 11
2P ( A ) 3P ( B ) and n(s) = 6 × 6 = 36
Þ = B = Event of showing sum 10 or more when atleast one
P ( A Ç B) P ( A Ç B)
dice shows 5
P ( A Ç B) P ( A Ç B ) = (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 5)
Þ = n(B) = 3
2.P ( A ) 3P ( B)
Þ n(A Ç B) = 3
1 æ Bö 1 æ Aö æ Bö P(A Ç B)
Þ .P ç ÷ = .P ç ÷ Now, P ç ÷ =
2 è Aø 3 è Bø è Aø P(A)

æ Bö æ Aö n (A Ç B) 3
Þ Pç ÷ < Pç ÷ .
è Aø è Bø n(S) 36 = 3
= =
n (A) 11 11
187. (c) First chit can be drawn in 10 ways.
Second chit can be drawn in 9 ways. n(S) 36
Total number of events, n(S) = 10 × 9 = 90. 192. (b) As A, B and C are mutually exclusive and exhaustive
Number of events of drawing chit numbered 9 = n(E) = 1 event.
\ P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1
n ( E) 1
Probability = = 3 1 3
n ( S) 90 Þ P(A) + P(A) + ´ P(A) = 1
2 2 2
1 13
188. (b) Probability of choosing one bag from two bags = Þ P(A) = 1
2 4
3 4
Probability of choosing white ball from first bag = Þ P(A) =
5 13
193. (a) Required probability
5
Probability of choosing white ball from second bag = 25 ´ 2 5
8 = =
25 ´ 2 + 35 ´ 4 + 40 ´ 5 39
1 æ 3 5ö 194. (c) In tossing of coin getting r head out of n tossing
\ Required probability = ç + ÷
2 è 5 8ø n
n æ 1ö
= Cr . ç ÷
1 æ 24 + 25 ö 1 49 49 è 2ø
= ç ÷= ´ =
2 è 40 ø 2 40 80 \ Required probability
189. (b) Statement 1 : If B Ì A, then æ 1ö
8
8 8 8
P(A – B) = P(A) – P(A Ç B) = ( C6 + C7 + C8 ) ç ÷
è 2ø
= P(A) – P(B)
\ It is correct. 1 37
= (28 + 8 + 1) ´ =
256 256
 EBD_7346
M-492 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
195. (a) Required probability 201. (c) Possibilities of having higher number on second dice.
3 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 1 First dice Second dice
= ´ ´ + ´ ´ + ´ ´ 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ® 5 possibilities
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2 3, 4, 5, 6 ® 4 possibilities
26 13
= = 3 4, 5, 6 ® 3 possibilities
64 32
4 5, 6 ® 2 possibilities
196. (c) P(A) + P(B) – 2P(A Ç B) = q
P(A Ç B) = p 5 6 ® 1 possibility
P(A) + P(B) = 2p + q Total number of possibilities = 15
Total number of events = 36
1 - P(A) + 1 - P(B) = p + q
15 5
P(A) + P(B) = 2 - 2 p - q \ Probability = =
36 12
P(A Ç B) = 1 - P(A È B)
202. (c) Total number of events with dice and coin = 6 × 2 = 12
= 1 – (q + p) = 1 – p – q Number of possibilities = (2, H), (4, H) and (6, H) i.e., 3
1
2´ ´5´6 30
2 3 1
197. (c) Probability = = \ Probability = =
11 ´ 11 121 12 4
y
203. (c) P (AÇB) + P (BÇC) + P (AÇC) – 2 P (AÇBÇC)

10

x
O 10

198. (d) A deck of cards has 52 cards. 204. (c) The correlation coefficient of two independent events
Probability of taking fourteenth card as Ace is zero.
4
4 C11 2
= 52 = = 205. (b) P ( A È B ) =
C1 52 13 3
199. (d) P(A) = 0.5 , P(B) = 0.6, P (AÇB) = 0.4
1
P ( A È B) = 1 - P ( A È B ) P( A Ç B) =
6
= 1 – [P (A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)]
= 1 – [0.5 + 0.6 – 0.4] Since, A and B are independent events,
= 1 – 0.7 = 0.3 1
1 3 1 P ( A Ç B ) = P( A) × P( B ) = ...(1)
200. (a) Given, P ( A) = , P ( B ) = , P (C ) = 6
2 4 4
2 2
1 1 P ( A È B) = Þ P ( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B) =
P ( A) = 1 - = 3 3
2 2
3 1 1 2
P( B ) = 1 - = Þ P ( A) + P ( B ) - =
4 4 6 3

1 3 2 1 5
P (C ) = 1 -
= Þ P ( A) + P( B) = + = ...(2)
4 4 3 6 6
\ Probability that problem will be solved if they solve
independently is 1 1
from (1), (2), P(B) = or
1 - ( P ( A ) × P ( B ) × P (C ) 3 2

æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 3 ö 3 29 1
= 1 - ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ = 1 - = Q P ( B ) < P ( A), P( B) =
è 2 øè 4 øè 4 ø 32 32 3
Probability and Probability Distribution M-493

206. (c) Total number of cases that sum is 8 are

æ 1 öæ 2 ö
(2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2) Standard deviation = npq = 8 ç ÷ç ÷
favourable case = (6, 2) è 3 øè 3 ø

1 16 4
\ Probability = = =
5 9 3
207. (c) Sides of dice = R, R, B, B, Y, W
211. (b) A and B are mutually exclusive
Total events with dice = 6 × 6 = 36
Favourable events = 2C1. 2C1 + 2C1. 2C1 + 1C1. 1C1 + \ P( A Ç B ) = 0
1
C1·1C1
Given, P(A) = 0.5 Þ P ( A) = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
= 4 + 4 + 2 + 2 = 10
P(B) = 0.6 Þ P ( B ) = 1 - 0.6 = 0.4
10 5
\ Probability = =
36 18 P( A Ç B) 1 - P( A È B )
P ( A | B) = =
208. (b) Number of socks = n P(B) P ( B)
Number of red socks = 3
3 1 - ( P ( A ) + P ( B )) 1 - (0.5 + 0.4)
C2 1 = =
Given, = P( B) 0.6
n 2
C2
n 1 - 0.9 0.1 1
Þ C2 = 3 × 2 = 6 = = =
Þn=4 0.6 0.6 6
209. (a) Number of ways of selecting 2 cards from deck of cards 212. (a) If r is the radius of circle, A = pr2
= 52C2
favourable cases = 13C2
13 ´12
13
13 ´12
C2 r/2
= = 2 = 1 r
Probability 52 C 52 ´ 51 52 ´ 51 =
2 17
2
210. (b) 5 or 6 is success
2 1
\p= = 2
6 3 ærö
pç ÷ 2
è 2 ø = pr ´ 1 = 1
1 2 Probability =
\ q = 1- = pr 2 4 pr 2 4
3 3
213. (b) Probability of occurence of either event A or event B =
n=8
P (A È B).
æ1ö 8
\ Mean = np = 8 ç ÷ =
è 3ø 3
 EBD_7346
M-494 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

Vectors 22
r r 6. What are the values of x for which the two vectors
r r r r b´c
Let a, b, c be non-coplanar vectors and p = rrr , $
(x2 – 1) $i + (x + 2) $j + x2 k$ and 2 $i – x j + 3 k$ are orthogonal ?
1.
[abc]
r r r r [2006-I]
r c´a r a ´ b
q = r rr , r = r rr . 1
[abc] [abc] (a) No real value of x (b) x = and x = -1
2
What is the value of
1
r r r r r r r r r r r r (c) x=- and x = 1 (d) x = – 1 and x = 2
(a - b - c).p + (b - c - a).q + (c - a - b).r ? 2
(a) 0 (b) – 3
7. What is the moment about the point $i + 2j$ + 3k,
$ of a

(c) 3 (d) – 9 [2006-I] force represented by $i + $j + k,

$ acting through the point
r r r
2. If a, b, c are the position vectors of corners A, B, C of a – 2 $i + 3j$ + k$ ? [2006-I]
parallelogram ABCD, then what is the position vector of the
corner D ? (a) 2i$ + $j + 2k$ (b) $i - $j + 3k$
r r r r r r
3i$ + 2j$ - k$ 3i$ + $j - 4k$
(a) a + b + c (b) a + b - c (c) (d)
r r r r r r
(c) a - b + c (d) - a + b + c [2006-I] 8. A particle is acted upon by following forces :
3. In a DABC, angle B is obtuse and D, E, F are the middle
(i) 2i$ + 3j$ + 5k$ , (ii) -5i$ + 4j$ - 3k$ and (iii) 3i$ - 7k$
points of sides BC, CA, AB respectively. Which one of the
following vectors has the greatest magnitude ? In which plane does it move ? [2006-I]
uuur uuur (a) x-y plane
(a) BC (b) CA
uuur uuur (b) y-z plane
(c) AB (d) AD [2006-I] (c) z-x plane
r r r r r r r r r r (d) any arbitrary plane
4. If p ¹ 0 and the conditions p.q = p.r and p ´ q = p ´ r hold
9. What is the vector whose magnitude is 3, and is perpendicular
simultaneously, then which one of the following is correct ?
r r r r to $i + $j and $j + k$ ? [2006-I]
(a) q ¹ r (b) q = -r
r r r
r r r r (a) 3 (i + j - k)
(c) q.r = 0 (d) q = r [2006-I]
r r r
(b) 3 (i - j + k)
r r p
5. If two unit vectors p and q make an angle with each r r r
3 (c) 3 (i + j + k)
r r r
r 1r (d) 3(i - j + k)
other, what is the magnitude of p - q ?
2 r r r r
10. If a, b, g be angles which the vector r = li + 2j - k makes
3 with the coordinate axes, then what is the value of
(a) 0 (b)
2 sin2 a + sin2 b + sin2 g ? [2006-I]
1 (a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 1 (d) [2006-I] (c) l2 + 1 (d) 1 – l2
2
Vectors M-495

11. The following question consist of two statements, one

labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (R)'. 17. If the vectors î - 2xˆj - 3yk̂ and î + 3xˆj + 2yk̂ are
You are to examine these two statements carefully and select orthogonal to each other, then what is the locus of the point
the answer. (x, y) ?
r r r r r r r r
Assertion (A) : If a = 2i + j - 2k, b = i + j - k, (a) A circle (b) An ellipse
r r (c) A parabola (d) A hyperbola [2006-II]
then | a | ¹ | b |
Reason (R) : Two unequal vectors can never have same 18. If the components of b along and perpendicular to a are
magnitude.
(a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct l a and b - l a respectively, what is l equal to ?
explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the a .b a .b
(a) (b)
correct explanation of A. |a | |b |
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true. [2006-I] a .b a .b
(c) (d) [2006-II]
uuur r uuur r |a | 2
| b |2
12. OAB is a given triangle such that OA = a, OB = b. Also C
uuur uuur uuur 19. A force mî - 3ˆj + k̂ acts on a point and so the point moves
is a point on AB such that AB = 2 BC . What is AC equal
from (20, 3m, 0) to (0, 0, 7). If the work done by the force is
to ?
– 48 unit, what is the value of m ?
r r 1 r r
(a) 1 (b - a) (b) (b + a) (a) 5 (b) 3
2 2
(c) 2 (d) 1 [2006-II]
3 r r 3 r r r r
(c) (a - b) (d) (b - a) [2006-I] 20. For any two vectors a and b consider the following
2 2
13. Let ABCD be a parallelogram whose diagonals intersect at statement:
P and let O be the origin, then what is r r r r r r
1. | a + b |=| a – b |⇔ a, b are orthogonal.
OA + OB + OC + OD equal to ? r r r r r r
2. | a + b |=| a | + | b |⇔ a,b are orthogonal.
uuur
(a) OP (b) 2OP r r r r r r
uuur uuur 3. | a + b |2 =| a |2 + | b |2 ⇔ a, b are orthogonal.
(c) 3OP (d) 4OP [2006-II]
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
14. If r1 , r2 , r3 are the position vectors of three collinear points (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 [2007-I]
and scalars m and n exist such that r3 = m r1 + n r2 , then
21. Two vector 2 î +m ĵ – 3n k̂ and 5 î +3m ĵ + n k̂ are such
what is the value of (m + n) ?
(a) 0 (b) 1 that their magnitudes are respectively 14 and 35 , where
(c) – 1 (d) 2 [2006-II] m, n are integers. Which one of the following is correct ?
(a) m takes 1 value, n takes 1 value
15. Let a be the angle which the vector V = 2 î - ˆj + 2 k̂ makes (b) m takes 1 value, n takes 2 values
with the z-axis,. Then, what is the value of sin a ? (c) m takes 2 value, n takes 1 value
2 1 (d) m takes 2 value, n takes 2 values [2007-I]
(a) (b) r
3 3 r
22. Two vectors a and b are non-zero and non-collinear. What
r r
5 5 is the value of x for which the vectors p = ( x – 2) ar + b and
(c) (d) [2006-II]
r r
q = (x + 1) ar – b are collinear?
3 9

16. If m, n , r are three vectors, q is the angle between the

1
(a) 1 (b)
vectors m and n , what is mnr cos q equal to ?[2006-II] 2
uur ur ur ur
(a) (m.n )( r .(r / r)) (b) ( m. n ) ( r .r ) 2
(c) (d) 2 [2007-I]
uur ur uur uur 3
(c) (m.r ) ( n .(n / n)) (d) ( m. n ) r
 EBD_7346
M-496 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r r 30. Which one of the following statements is not correct ?
23. If a and b are position vectors of the points A and B
respectively, then what is the position vector of a point (a) Vector product is commutative
uuur uuuur (b) Vector product is not associative
C on AB produced such that AC = 2AB ?
(c) Vector product is distributive over addition
r r r r
(a) 2a - b (b) 2b - a (d) Scalar product is commutative [2007-II]
r r r r
(c) a - 2b (d) a - b [2007-I] 31. If a ˆi + ˆj + k,
ˆ iˆ + bjˆ + k,
ˆ and ˆi + ˆj + ckˆ are coplanar vectors,
r r r r then what is the value of a + b + c – abc?
24. If | a |= 3,| b | = 4, then for what value of l is (a + lb)
r (a) 0 (b) 1
r
perpendicular to (a – lb) ? (c) 2 (d) – 2 [2007-II]
r r r r r r r r
3 4 32. If a , b , c are non-zero vectors and | ( a × b ) . c | = | a | | b |
(a) (b) r
4 3 | c |, then which one of the following is correct ?
r r r r r r
9 3 (a) a . b = b . c = c . a ¹ 0
(c) (d) [2007-I]
16 5 r r
(b) a . b = 0 only
25. What is the magnitude of the moment of the couple r r
r (c) b . c = 0 only
consisting of the force F = 3ˆi + 2jˆ – kˆ acting through the
r r r r r r
r (d) a . b = b . c = c . a = 0 [2007-II]
point ˆi – ˆj + kˆ and and – F acting through the r r r r r
33. If a = i + 2jˆ - 3kˆ and b = 3i - ˆj + lk, ˆ and (ar + b) is
point 2iˆ – 3jˆ – kˆ ? r r
perpendicular to a - b , then what is the value of l ?
(a) 2 5 (b) 3 5 (a) – 2 only (b) ±2
(c) 5 5 (d) 7 5 [2007-I] (c) 3 only (d) ± 3 [2007-II]
r r r r r r
26. Let a = 2 j – 3k,b = ˆj + 3kˆ and c = –3 i + 3ˆj + kˆ . Let n̂ be uuur r uuur r uuur r
34. The vectors AB = c, BC = a,CA = b, are the sides of a
r r
a unit vector such that a.nˆ = b.nˆ = 0. What is the value of triangle ABC. Which of the following vectors represent (s)
r uuur
c.nˆ ? the median AD ?
(a) 1 (b) 19 1 r r
1. a+c
(c) 3 (d) –3 [2007-I] 2
r r r r r r r 1 r 1r
27. Let u = ˆi – ˆj , v = 2ˆi + 5ˆj , w = 4iˆ + 3ˆj and p = u + v + w . 2. - b+ c
Which one of the following is correct? 2 2
r r r r r r 1r r
(a) – 3u + 2 v = p (b) 3u – 2 v = p a+b
3.
r r r r r r 2
(c) 3u + 2 v = p (d) – 3u – 2 v = p [2007-I]
Select the correct answer using the code given below
r
28. If ar and b are unit vectors inclined at an angle of 30° to (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
each other, then which one of the following is correct ? (c) 1 only (d) 2 only [2007-II]
r r r r 35.
r
If a is a position vector of a point (1, – 3) and A is another
(a) | a + b |> 1 (b) 1 <| a + b |< 2
point (– 1, 5 ), then what are the coordinates of the point B
r r r r uuur r
(c) | a + b |= 2 (d) | a + b |> 2 [2007-I]
such that AB = a ?
r
29. Which one of the following is correct ? If the vector c is (a) (2, 0) (b) (0, 2)
r r r (c) (– 2, 0) (d) (0, – 2) [2008-I]
normal to the vectors a and b , then c , is :
r r
r r r r 36. If a = 2iˆ - 3jˆ - k,
ˆ b = ˆi + 4jˆ - 2k;
ˆ th en what is
(a) parallel to both a + b and a – b
r r r r
r r r r (a + b) ´ (a - b) equal to ?
(b) normal to a – b and parallel to a + b
r r r r r r r r
(c) normal to a + b and parallel to a – b (a) 2(a ´ b) (b) -2(a ´ b)
r r r r r r r r
(d) normal to both a + b and a – b [2007-II] (c) (a ´ b) (d) - (a ´ b) [2008-I]
Vectors M-497
r 45. What is the value of l if the triangle whose vertices are
37. If a is a non-zero vector of modulus a and l is a non-zero
r
scalar and l a is a unit vector then iˆ, ˆj and iˆ + ˆj + lkˆ will be right angled? [2008-II]
(a) l = ±1 (b) a= | l | (a) 2 (b) 0
1 1 (c) –1 (d) 1
(c) a= (d) a= only [2008-I] r r r
l
r
l 46. The scalar triple product ( A´ B)×C of three vectors
r r r r
38. Let a and b be the position vectors of A and B respectively..
r r A, B, C determines [2008-II]
If C is the point 3 a – 2 b , then which one of the following is
(a) Volume of a parallelopiped
correct?
(b) Volume of a tetrahedron
(a) C is in between A and B
(c) Volume of an ellipsoid
(b) A is in between C and B
(d) None of the above
(c) B is in between A and C
r
(d) A, B, C are not collinear [2008-I] 47. If ar and b are unit vectors, then what is the value of
39. Consider the following r r2 r r 2
r r (
a ´b + a ×b ? ) [2008-II]
If a and b are the vectors forming consecutive sides of a
regular hexagon ABCDEF, then (a) 0 (b) 2
uuur r r uuur r r (c) 1 (d) 1/2
1. CE = b – 2 a 2. AE = 2 b – a uuur uuur
uuur r 48. Two forces are equal to 2OA and 3 BO, their resultant
3. FA = ar – b uuur
being l OG , where G is the point on AB such that
Which of the above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only BG 2
= – . What is the value of l ? [2008-II]
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 [2008-I] AG 3
r r r r (a) 1 (b) –1
40. If a , b , c are unit vectors such that a is perpendicular to
(c) 2 (d) None of the above
r r r p r
the plane of b , c ; and the angle between b and rc is . 49. r
If a and b are two unit vectors inclined at an angle 60° to
3
r r r each other, then which one of the following is correct?
Then, what is | a + b + c | ?
[2008-II]
(a) 1 (b) 2
r r r r
(c) 3 (d) 4 [2008-I] (a) a + b < 1 (b) a + b > 1
41. What is the locus of the point (x, y) for which the vectors r r r r
(c) a –b <1 (d) a –b >1
(iˆ - xjˆ - 2k)
ˆ and (2iˆ + ˆj + y k)
ˆ are orthogonal ?
r r r
(a) A circle (b) An ellipse 50. Let a = (1, –2,3) and b = ( 3,1, 2 ) be two vectors and c be a
(c) A parabola (d) A straight line [2008-I] r r r
42. What is the number of vectors of length 5 unit perpendicular ( )
vector of length l and parallel to a + b . What is c equal
r r
to the vectors a = (1, 1, 0) and b = (0, 1, 1) ? to? [2008-II]
(a) 1 (b) 2 1 1
(c) 3 (d) 4 [2008-I] (a) ( –2, – 3, 1) (b) (1, 0, 1)
4 2
r r r
43. What is the area of the rectangle of which r = a i + b j is a
1
semidiagonal ? (c) ( –5, – 4, –1) (d) None of these
42
(a) a2 + b2 (b) 2 (a2 + b2)
r r
(c) 4 (a2 + b2) (d) 4ab [2008-I] 51. If r1 = liˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ, r2 = iˆ + ( 2 - l ) ˆj + 2kˆ are such that
r r r r r r r r
44. ( ) ( )
If 3a – b ´ a + 3b = k a ´ b then what is the value of k? r1 > r2 , then l satisfies which one of the following?
[2008-II] [2008-II]
(a) 10 (b) 5 (a) l = 0 only (b) l = 1
(c) 8 (d) –8 (c) l < 1 (d) l > 1
 EBD_7346
M-498 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
52. If P, Q, R are the mid points of the sides AB, BC, CA, r r r
r r r 59. If a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ – ˆj + kˆ and c = iˆ + ˆj – kˆ, then what is
respectively of a triangle ABC and if a, p, q are the position
r r r r r r r r r
vector of A, P, Q respectively, then what is the position ( ) ( )
a ´ b + c + b ´ ( c + a ) + c ´ a + b equal to? [2009-I]
vector of R? [2008-II]
r r r r r r (a) 2iˆ + 3 ˆj – kˆ (b) 2iˆ – 3 ˆj – kˆ
(a) 2a – ( p – q ) (b) ( p – q ) – 2a
r
r r r r r r (c) 3iˆ + ˆj + kˆ (d) 0
(c) a – ( p – q) (d) a / 2 – ( p – q)/ 2
60. The following item consists of two statements, one labelled
53. What is the length of the vector (1, 1)? [2008-II] the Assertion (A) and the other labelled the Reason (R).
(a) 0 (b) 1 You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide
if the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are individually true
1
(c) 2 (d) and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the
2 Assertion. Select your answer using the codes given below.
54. Which one of the following vectors of magnitude Assertion (A) : The work done when the force and
51 makes equal angles with three vectors displacement are perpendicular to each other is zero.
r r
Reason (R) : the dot product A × B vanishes, if the vector
r iˆ – 2 ˆj + 2kˆ r – 4iˆ – 3kˆ r r r
a= ,b = and c = ˆj ? [2009-I]
3 5 A and B are perpendicular.. [2009-I]
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
(a) 5iˆ – ˆj – 5kˆ (b) 5iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
(c) –5iˆ – ˆj + 5kˆ (d) 5iˆ + 5 ˆj – kˆ
of A
r r r r (c) A is true but R is false
55. If a = 2, b = 5 and a ´ b = 8 , then what is the value of
(d) A is false but R is true
r r r
a ×b ? [2009-I] r
61. If â and b̂ are the unit vectors along a and b respectively,,
(a) 4 (b) 6 r r
then what is the projection of b on a ? [2009-II]
(c) 8 (d) 10 r r
(a) a . b (b) â . b̂
r r r r
56. If a + b = a – b , then which one of the following is correct? r r r
(c) â . b (d) a ´ b
[2009-I]
r 62. What are the unit vectors parallel to xy-plane and
(a) ar is parallel to b
perpendicular to the vector 4iˆ - 3 ˆj + kˆ ? [2009-II]
r
(b) ar is perpendicular to b
r (a) (
± 3iˆ + 4 ˆj / 5)
(c) ar = b
r r
(d) Both a and b are unit vectors
(b) (
± 4iˆ + 3 ˆj / 5)
r
57.
r
If a = iˆ – 2 ˆj + 5kˆ , b = 2iˆ + ˆj – 3kˆ, then what is (c) (
± 3iˆ - 4 ˆj / 5)
r r r r
( )( )
b – a × 3a + b equal to? [2009-I] (d) (
± 4iˆ - 3 ˆj / 5)
(a) 106 (b) –106 63. What is the vector in the xy-plane through origin and
r
(c) 53 (d) –53 perpendicular to the vector r = aiˆ + bjˆ and of the same
r r r length? [2009-II]
58. Let a, b , c be the position vectors of points A, B, C r
(a) -aiˆ - bj (b) aiˆ - bjˆ
respectively. Under which one of the following conditions
are the points A, B, C collinear? [2009-I] (c) -aiˆ + bjˆ (d) biˆ - ajˆ
r r r
(a) a ´ b = 0 r
64. Given a = 2iˆ - 3 ˆj + 4kˆ and b̂ is a unit vector codirectional
r r r
(b) b ´ cr is parallel to ar ´ b with â . If m is a scalar such that bˆ = ma , then what is the
r r r value of m? [2009-II]
(c) a ´ b is perpendicular to b ´ cr
(a) 1/5 (b) 1/ 5
r r r r r r r
( ) ( )
(d) a ´ b + b ´ c + ( c ´ a ) = 0 (c) 1/29 (d) 1/ 29
Vectors M-499

r r 72. What is the value of l for which the vectors

65. The magnitude of the vectors a and b are equal and the
r r r r
angle between them is 60°. If the vectors l a + b and a - l b iˆ - ˆj + kˆ, 2iˆ + ˆj - kˆ and liˆ - ˆj + lkˆ are co-planar?
are perpendicular to each other, then what is the value of
l? [2009-II] (a) 1 (b) 2 [2010-I]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(c) 3 (d) 4 73. What is the geometric interpretation of the identity
r r r r r r r r r r
66. If a = 3, b = 4 and a - b = 7, then what is the value of ( ) ( ) (
a -b ´ a + b = 2 a´b ? ) [2010-I]
r r
a+b ? [2009-II] 1. If the diagonals of a given parallelogram are used as
sides of a second parallelogram, then the area of the
(a) 3 (b) 2
second parallelogram is twice that of the given
(c) 1 (d) 0 parallelogram.
67. Consider the diagonals of a quadrilateral formed by the
2. If the semi-diagonals of a given parallelogram are used
vectors 3iˆ + 6 ˆj - 2kˆ and 4iˆ - ˆj + 3kˆ. The quadrilateral must as sides of a second parallelogram, then the area of the
be a [2009-II] second parallelogram is half that of the given
(a) Square (b) Rhombus parallelogram.
(c) Rectangle (d) None of these Select the correct answer using the code given below
68. What is the area of the triangle with vertices (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(0, 2, 2), (2, 0, – 1) and (3, 4, 0)? [2010-I]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
r
A vector b is collinear with the vector ar = (2, 1, –1) and
15
(a) sq unit (b) 15 sq unit 74.
2
r r =3. What is r equal to?
satisfies the condition a.b b
7
(c) sq unit (d) 7 sq unit [2010-I]
2
(a) ( 1, 1/2, –1/2)
r p
69. If the angle between the vectors ar and b is , what is the (b) (2/3, 1/3, –1/3)
3
r r (c) (1/2, 1/4, –1/4)
angle between –5a and 6b ? [2010-I]
(d) (1, 1, 0)
p 2p r r r r r r
(a)
6
(b)
3 75. The vectors a = xi + yj + zk , b = kˆ , c are such that they
form a right handed system. What is cr equal to? [2010-I]
2p 3p
(c) (d)
5 7 (a) ĵ (b) yˆj - xkˆ
70. Consider the following statements [2010-I]
r r r (c) yiˆ - xˆj (d) xiˆ - yˆj
1. For any three vectors a, b, c ;
r r r r r r 76. If the position vector of a point P with respect to origin O is
a.{(b + c) ×(a +b + c)} = 0
î + 3 ĵ – 2 k̂ and that of a point Q is 3 î + ĵ – 2 k̂ , then
2. For any three coplanar unit vectors
what is the position vector of a point on the bisector of the
r rr r r r
d, e, f ; (d × e).f = 1 angle POQ? [2010-II]
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) ˆi - ˆj - kˆ (b) ˆi + ˆj - kˆ
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) ˆi + ˆj + kˆ (d) None of these
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
r r 77. Let a, b and c be the distinct non-negative numbers. If the
71. Let a and b be two unit vectors and a be the angle between
r r vectors aˆi + aˆj + ckˆ , ˆi + kˆ , cˆi + cˆj + bkˆ lie on a plane, then
them. If (a + b) is also the unit vectors, then what is the
which one of the following is correct ? [2010-II]
value of a? [2010-I]
(a) c is the arithmetic mean of a and b
p p (b) c is the geometric mean of a and b
(a) (b)
4 3 (c) c is the harmonic mean of a and b
2p p (d) c is equal to zero
(c) (d)
3 2
 EBD_7346
M-500 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

® ® 86. Which one of the following is the unit vector

78. If a = iˆ - kˆ , b = x ˆi + ˆj + (1 - x) kˆ [2010-II]
perpendicular to the vectors 4ˆi + 2ˆj and -3ˆi + 2ˆj ?
®
c = y ˆi + x ˆj + (1 + x - y ) kˆ . ˆi + ˆj ˆi - ˆj
(a) (b) [2011-I]
® æ® ®ö
2 2
then a . ç b ´ c ÷ depends on
ç ÷ ˆi + ˆj + kˆ
è ø
(c) k̂ (d)
(a) x only (b) y only 3
(c) Both x and y (d) Neither x nor y 87. Consider the following statements in respect of the vectors
uuur
79. PQRS is a parallelogram, where PQ = 3ˆi + 2ˆj - m kˆ , ® ® ® ®
uuur u1 = (1, 2, 3), u 2 = (2, 3, 1), u3 = (1, 3, 2) and u 4 = (4, 6, 2)
PS = iˆ + 3ˆj + kˆ and the area of the parallelogram is 90 .
What is the value of m? [2010-II] [2011-I]
(a) 1 (b) – 1 ® ®
(c) 2 (d) – 2 I. u 1 is parallel to u 4 .
80. What is the vector equally inclined to the vectors ˆi + 3ˆj ® ®
II. u 2 is parallel to u 4 .
and 3ˆi + ˆj ? [2010-II]
ˆi + ˆj ® ®
(a) (b) 2ˆi - ˆj III. u 2 is parallel to u3 .
(c) 2ˆi + ˆj (d) None of these Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
uuur uuur uuur uuur (a) Only I (b) Only II
81. ABCD is a quadrilateral. Forces AB, CB, CD and DA act
along its sides. What is their resultant? [2010-II] (c) Only III (d) Both I and III
uuur uuur 88. The points with position vectors [2011-I]
(a) 2 CD (b) 2 DA
uuur uuur 10ˆi + 3ˆj , 12ˆi - 5ˆj , aˆi + 11ˆj are collinear, if the value of a is
(c) 2 BC (d) 2 CB
82. What is the area of a triangle whose vertices are at (3, – 1, 2), (a) – 8 (b) 4
(1, – 1, – 3) and (4, – 3, 1)? [2010-II] (c) 8 (d) 12

(a)
165
(b)
135 89. What is the sine of angle between the vectors ˆi + 2ˆj + 3kˆ
2 2
(c) 4 (d) 2 and – ˆi + 2ˆj+ 3kˆ ? [2011-I]
83. What is the value of b such that the scalar product of the
13 13
vector ˆi + ˆj + kˆ with the unit vector parallel to the sum of (a) (b)
7 7
the vectors 2iˆ + 4ˆj - 5kˆ and b ˆi + 2ˆj + 3kˆ is unity?
13
(a) – 2 (b) – 1 [2010-II] (c) (d) None of these
(c) 0 (d) 1 7
84. Let p, q, r and s be respectively the magnitudes of the vectors ®
® ®
ˆ 90. The vector a lies in the plane of vectors b and c . Which
3iˆ – 2jˆ , 2iˆ + 2jˆ + k̂ , 4iˆ – ĵ + k̂ , 2iˆ + 2j + 3kˆ . Which
one of the following is correct? [2011-I]
one of the following is correct? [2011-I]
(a) r > s > q > p (b) s > r > p > q ® æ ® ®ö ® æ® ®ö
(c) r > s > p > q (d) s > r > q > p (a) a .ç b ´ c ÷ = 0 (b) a .ç b ´ c ÷ = 1
ç ÷ ç ÷
è ø è ø
85. If xˆi + yˆj + zkˆ is a unit vector and x : y : z = 3 : 2 : 3 , then
what is the value of z ? [2011-I] ® æ® ®ö ® æ® ®ö
(c) a . ç b ´ c ÷ = -1 (d) a .ç b ´ c ÷ = 3
3 ç ÷ ç ÷
(a) (b) 3 è ø è ø
16
3
(c) (d) 2
4
Vectors M-501

97. What is the area of the triangle with vertices (1,2,3),(2,5,–1)

91. What is the projection of the vector ˆi - 2ˆj - kˆ on the
and (–1,1,2)? [2011-II]
vector 4ˆi - 4ˆj + 7kˆ ? [2011-I]
155 175
(a) square units (b) square units
5 19 2 2
(a) (b)
2 9
155 175
(c) square units (d) square units
5 11 4 4
(c) (d) 98. What is the area of the rectangle having vertices A, B, C and
4 3
1 1
® ® ® ® D with positive vectors -ˆi + ˆj + 4kˆ , ˆi + ˆj + 4kˆ ,
92. If a and b are two vectors such that a · b = 0 and 2 2
® ®
a × b = 0, then which one of the following is correct? ˆi - 1 ˆj + 4kˆ and -ˆi - 1 ˆj + 4kˆ ? [2012-I]
2 2
® ® (a) 1/2 square unit (b) 1 square unit
(a) a is parallel to b [2011-II]
(c) 2 square unit (d) 4 square unit
® ® r r r
(b) a is perpendicular to b 99. If a = ( 2,1, -1) , b = (1, -1,0 ) , c = ( 5, -1,1) , then what is the
r r r
® ® unit vector parallel to a + b - c in the opposite direction?
(c) Either a or b is a null vector
[2012-I]
(d) None of the above
ˆi + ˆj - 2kˆ ˆi - 2ˆj + 2kˆ
93. If the vectors -iˆ - 2 xjˆ - 3 ykˆ an d iˆ - 3 xjˆ - 2 ykˆ are (a) (b)
3 3
orthogonal to each other, then what is the locus of the point
(x, y)?
2iˆ - ˆj + 2kˆ
(a) a straight line (b) an ellipse [2011-II] (c) (d) None of the above
3
(c) a parabola (d) a circle
100. If the magnitudes of two vectors a and b are equal then
® which one of the following is correct? [2012-I]
94. If c is the unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors
r r r r
® ®
a and b , then what is another unit vector perpendicular
(a) ( )
a + b is parallel to a - b ( )
r r r r
®
to both the vectors a and b ?
®
[2011-II]
(b) ( a + b ) · (a - b ) = 1
r r r r
® ® ® ® (c) ( a + b ) is perpendicular to ( a - b )
(a) c´ a (b) c ´ b
(d) None of the above
æ® ®ö æ® ®ö 101. Let O be the origin and P, Q, R be the points such
çç a ´ b ÷÷ çç a ´ b ÷÷ uuur uuur uuur uuur
that PO + OQ = QO + OR . Then which one of the following
è ø
(c) -è ø (d) is correct? [2012-I]
® ® ® ®
a ´b a ´b (a) P, Q, R are the vertices of an equilateral triangle
(b) P, Q, R are the vertices of an isosceles triangle
95. For what value of m ar e the points with position (c) P, Q, R are collinear
vectors 10iˆ + 3jˆ , 12iˆ - 5jˆ and miˆ + 11jˆ collinear? (d) None of the above
(a) – 8 (b) 4 [2011-II] 102. What is the value of m if the vectors
(c) 8 (d) 12
2iˆ - ˆj + k,
ˆ ˆi + 2jˆ - 3kˆ and 3iˆ + mjˆ + 5kˆ are coplanar?
96. For what value of m are the vectors 2ˆi - 3ˆj + 4kˆ , ˆi + 2ˆj - kˆ
[2012-I]
and mˆi - ˆj + 2kˆ coplanar? [2011-II] (a) –2 (b) 2
(a) 0 (b) 5/3 (c) –4 (d) 4
(c) 1 (d) 8/5
 EBD_7346
M-502 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r r r r uuur r uuur r
103. If a = 10 , b = 2 and a · b = 12 , then what is the value of 112. ABCD is a parallelogram. If AB = a, BC = b, then what is
uuur
r r BD equal to ? [2012-II]
a´b ? [2012-I] r r r r
(a) a + b (b) a - b
(a) 12 (b) 16 r r r r
(c) 20 (d) 24 (c) -a - b (d) -a + b
r ur r ur r
104. If the vectors ˆi - xjˆ - ykˆ and ˆi + xjˆ + ykˆ are orthogonal to 113. If b is perpendicular to both a and g where a = k and
each other, then what is the locus of the point (x, y) ? r r
g = 2iˆ + 3jˆ + 4k,
ˆ then what is b equal to? [2013-I]
(a) a parabola (b) an ellipse [2012-I]
(c) a circle (d) a straight line (a) 3iˆ + 2jˆ (b) -3iˆ + 2ˆj
105. EFGH is a rhombus such that the angle EFG is 60°. The
(c) 2iˆ - 3jˆ (d) -2iˆ + 3jˆ
{ }
magnitude of vectors FH and m EG are equal where m is
ur ur ur ur
a scalar. What is the value of m ? [2012-II] ( ) ( ) ( )
114. For any vector a , what is a . ˆi iˆ + a . ˆj ˆj + a . kˆ kˆ equal
(a) 3 (b) 1.5 to ? [2013-I]
ur ur
(c) (d) (a) a (b) 3a
2 3
r r r r r ur r
106. If a × b = 0 and a ´ b = 0 then which one of the following is (c) - a (d) 0
r r r r
correct ? [2012-II] 115. If the magnitude of a ´ b equals to a .b, then which one of
r r r r
(a) a is parallel to b (b) a is perpendicular to b the following is correct? [2013-I]
r r r r r r
(c) a = 0 or b = 0 (d) None of the above (a) a = b
r r
r r r
( )
107. The vector a ´ b ´ a is coplanar with : [2012-II]
(b) The angle between a and b is 45°
r r
r r (c) a is parallel to b
(a) a only (b) b only r r
r r r r (d) a is perpendicular to b
(c) Both a and b (d) Neither a nor b r r r r r r
108. Consider the following : 116. If a = 2, b = 3 and a + b = 6, then what is a - b
equal to? [2013-I]
r 4iˆ 4 (a) 1 (b) 2
1. 4iˆ ´ 3iˆ = 0 2. =
3iˆ 3 (c) 3 (d) 4
Which of the above is/are correct ? [2012-II] 117. Which one of the following vectors is normal to the vector
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only ˆi + ˆj + kˆ ? [2013-I]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) ˆi + ˆj - kˆ (b) ˆi - ˆj + kˆ
109. What is the value of l for which

( lˆi + ˆj - kˆ ) ´ (3iˆ - 2ˆj + 4kˆ ) = ( 2iˆ - 11jˆ - 7kˆ ) ? [2012-II] (c) ˆi - ˆj - kˆ (d) None of the above

(a) 2 (b) – 2 ( )
118. If q is the angle between the vectors is 4 ˆi - kˆ and ˆi + ˆj + k,
ˆ
(c) 1 (d) 7 then what is (sin q + cos q) equal to ? [2013-I]
110. The magnitude of the scalar p for which the vector
1
( )
p -3iˆ - 2ˆj + 13kˆ is of unit length is : [2012-II] (a) 0 (b)
2
(a) 1/8 (b) 1/64 (c) 1 (d) 2
p
1 119. If the angle between the vectors iˆ - mjˆ and ˆj + kˆ is , then
(c) 182 (d) 3
182
what is the value of m ? [2013-II]
111. The vector 2jˆ - kˆ lies : [2012-II] (a) 0 (b) 2
(a) in the plane of XY (b) in the plane of YZ (c) –2 (d) None of these
(c) in the plane of XZ (d) along the X-axis
Vectors M-503

120. What is the vector perpendicular to both the vectors 128. What is the scalar projection of a on b ?
iˆ - ˆj and ˆi ? [2013-II] (a) 1 (b) 19/9
(c) 17/9 (d) 23/9
(a) iˆ (b) - ĵ
129. What is the vector perpendicular to both the vectors ?
(c) ĵ (d) k̂
(a) -10iˆ - 3 ˆj + 4kˆ (b) -10iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ
121. The position vectors of the points A and B are respectively
3iˆ - 5 ˆj + 2kˆ and iˆ+ˆj - kˆ . What is the length of AB ? (c) 10iˆ - 3 ˆj + 4kˆ (d) None of these
[2013-II] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 130-131): For the next two (02) items that
(a) 11 (b) 9 follow.
(c) 7 (d) 6 Let a vector r make angle 60°, 30° with x and y-axes respectively..
122. The vectors iˆ - 2 xjˆ - 3 ykˆ and iˆ+3xˆj + 2 ykˆ are orthogonal [2014-I]
to each other. Then the locus of the point (x, y) is 130. What angle does r make with z-axis ?
[2013-II] (a) 30° (b) 60°
(a) hyperbola (b) ellipse (c) 90° (d) 120°
(c) parabola (d) circle
131. What are the direction cosines of r ?
(
123. What is the value of P for which the vector p 2iˆ - ˆj + 2kˆ ) 1 3 1 3
is of 3 units length ? [2013-II] (a) , ,0 (b) , ,0
2 2 2 2
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 6 1 1 1 3
r (c) , ,0 (d) - , ,0
r r 2 2 2 2
124. If a = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, b = - iˆ+2ˆj + kˆ and c = 3iˆ + ˆj are three
r r r DIRECTIONS (Qs. 132-133) : For the next two (02) items that
vectors such that a + tb is perpendicular to c , then what is follow.
t equal to ? [2013-II]
(a) 8 (b) 6 Let a = 7 , b = 11 , a + b = 10 3 [2014-I]
(c) 4 (d) 2
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 125 - 127): (For the next three (03) items 132. What is a - b equal to ?
that follow) :
The vertices of a triangle ABC are A (2, 3, 1), B (–2, 2, 0), and (a) 2 2 (b) 2 10
C (0, 1, –1). [2014-I] (c) 5 (d) 10
125. What is the cosine of angle ABC ? 133. What is the angle between ( a + b ) and ( a - b ) ?
1 1
(a) (b) p p
3 2 (a) (b)
2 3
2
(c) (d) None of these
6 p
(c) (d) None of these
126. What is the area of the triangle ? 6
(a) 6 2 square unit (b) 3 2 square unit r r r r rr
134. If a = 2, b = 5 and a ´ b , then what is a.b equal to ?
(c) 10 3 square unit (d) None of these [2014-II]
127. What is the magnitude of the line joining mid points of the (a) 6 (b) 7
sides AC and BC ?
(c) 8 (d) 9
1 r r r r
(a) unit (b) 1 unit 135. If a + b = a - b , then which one of the following is correct ?
2
[2014-II]
3 r
(c) unit (d) 2 unit (a) r
2 a =b.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 128-129) : For the next two (02) items that r r
(b) a is parrallel to b .
follow. r
r
(c) a is perpendicular to b .
Consider the vectors a = iˆ - 2 ˆj + kˆ and b = 4iˆ - 4 ˆj + 7kˆ .
r
[2014-I] (d) a is a unit vector .
 EBD_7346
M-504 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
ur
136. What is the area of the triangle OAB where O is the origin,
uuur uuur 145. A force F = 3i$ + 4 $j - 3k$ is applied at the point P, whose
OA = 3iˆ - ˆj + kˆ and OB = 2iˆ - ˆj + 3kˆ ? [2014-II] r
position vector is r = 2µi - 2 $j - 3k$ . What is the magnitude
5 6 of the moment of the force about the origin? [2015-I]
(a) 5 6 square unit (b) square unit (a) 23 units (b) 19 units
2
(c) 18 units (d) 21 units
(c) 6 square unit (d) 30 square unit ur r
137. Which one of the following is the unit vector perpendicular 146. Given that the vectors a and b are non-collinear. The values
r r r ur
r of x and y for which u - v = w holds t rue if
to both a = -ˆi + ˆj + kˆ and b = ˆi - ˆj + kˆ ? [2014-II]
r ur r r ur r ur ur r
ˆi + ˆj u = 2 xa + yb, v = 2 ya + 3xb and w = 2a - 5b, are [2015-I]
(a) (b) k̂ (a) x = 2, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 2
2
(c) x = – 2, y = 1 (d) x = – 2, y = – 1
ˆj + kˆ ˆi - ˆj r r r r r r
(c) (d) 147. If | a | = 7, | b | = 11 and | a + b |= 10 3, then | a - b | is equal
2 2
to [2015-I]
138. What is the interior acute angle of the parallelogram whose
(a) 40 (b) 10
1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
sides are represented by the vectors i+ j + k and (c) 4 10 (d) 2 10
2 2
1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ 148. Let a, b, g be distinct real numbers. The points with position
i- j+ k ? [2014-II]
2 2 vectors a$i + b $j + g k$ , b$i + g $j + a k$ and g$i + a $j + bk$
(a) 60° (b) 45°
[2015-I]
(c) 30° (d) 15°
(a) are collinear
139. For what value of l are the vectors
(b) form an equilateral triangle
lˆi + (1 + l )ˆj + (1 + 2l )kˆ and (1 - l )iˆ + lˆj + 2kˆ (c) form a scalene triangle
perpendicular ? [2014-II] (d) form a right-angled triangle
(a) –1/3 (b) 1/3 r r r r
149. If a + b + c = 0, then which of the following is/are correct?
(c) 2/3 (d) 1
[2015-I]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 140-143) : For the next four (04) items that r r r
follow. 1. a, b, c are coplanar..
r r r r r r r
r r r r r r 2. a´b = b´c = c´a
a + b + c = 0 such that a = 3, b = 5 and c = 7 .
[2014-II] Select the correct answer using the code given below.
r r (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
140. What is the angle between a and b ?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) p/6 (b) p/4 r r r r
(c) p/3 (d) p/2 150. If | a + b |=| a - b |, then which one of the following is correct?
rr rr rr [2015-I]
141. What is a.b + b.c + c.a equal to ?
(a) –83 (b) –83/2 r r
(a) a = lb for some scalar l
(c) 75 (d) –75/2 r r
r
142. What is cosine of the angle between b and rc ?
(b) a is parallel to b
r r
(a) 11/12 (b) 13/14 (c) a is perpendicular to b
(c) –11/12 (d) –13/14 r r r
(d) a =b =0
r r
143. What is a + b equal to ?
(a) 7 (b) 8 151. The area of the square, one of whose diagonals is 3iˆ + 4ˆj is
(c) 10 (d) 11 [2015-II]
144. The adjacent sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC are (a) 12 square unit
represented by the vectors -2$i + 3 $j + 2k$ and -4$i + 5 $j + 2k$ (b) 12.5 square unit
respectively. The area of the triangle ABC is [2015-I] (c) 25 square unit
(a) 6 square units (b) 5 square units (d) 156.25 square unit
(c) 4 square units (d) 3 square units
Vectors M-505

152. ABCD is a parallelogram and P is the point of intersection of Select the correct answer using the code given below :
uuur uuur uuur uuur
the diagonals. If O is the origin, then OA + OB + OC + OD is (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
equal to [2015-II] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
uuur uuur
(a) 4OP (b) 2OP DIRECTIONS (Qs. 160-161) : For the next two (2) items
uuur that follow:
(c) OP (d) Null vector
r r Let â, bˆ be two unit vectors and q be the angle between
153. If b and c are the position vectors of the points B and C them. [2016-I]
respectively, then the position vector of the point D such
uuur uuur æqö
that BD = 4BC is [2015-II] 160. What is cos ç ÷ equal to?
r r è 2ø
r r
(a) 4(c - b) (b) -4(c - b)
| aˆ - bˆ | ˆ
r r (b) | aˆ + b |
(c) 4cr - 3b (d) 4cr + 3b
(a)
2 2
r r
154. If the position vector a of the point (5, n) is such that |a | = 13,
(c) | aˆ - bˆ | ˆ
(d) | a + b |
ˆ
then the value/values of n an be [2015-II] 4 4
(a) ± 8 (b) ±12
æqö
(c) 8 only (d) 12 only 161. What is sin ç ÷ equal to?
r è2ø
r r r rr
155. If | a | = 2 and | b | = 3, then | a ´ b |2 + | a.b |2 is equal to
| aˆ - bˆ | ˆ
[2015-II] (a) (b) | aˆ + b |
2 2
(a) 72 (b) 64 ˆ ˆ
(c) 48 (d) 36 (c) | aˆ - b | (d) | aˆ + b |
4 4
156. Consider the following inequalities in respect of vectors 162. What is a vector of unit length orthogonal to both the vectors
r r
a and b : [2015-II] ˆi + ˆj + kˆ and 2iˆ + 3jˆ - kˆ ? [2016-I]
r r r r
1. a+ b £ a + b
- 4iˆ + 3jˆ - kˆ -4iˆ + 3jˆ + kˆ
r r r r (a) (b)
2. a- b ³ a - b 26 26
Which of the above is/are correct ? -3iˆ + 2ˆj - kˆ -3iˆ + 2ˆj + kˆ
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) (d)
14 14
(c) Both l and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 r r r
163. If a, b and c are the position vectors of the vertices of an
157. If the magnitude of difference of two unit vectors is 3 ,
equilateral triangle whose orthocentre is at the origin, then
then the magnitude of sum of the two vectors is [2015-II] which one of the following is correct? [2016-I]
r r r r r r r
1 (a) a + b + c = 0 (b) a + b + c = unit vector
(a)
2
unit (b) 1 unit
r r r r r r
(c) a + b = c (d) a = b + c
(c) 2 unit (d) 3 unit 164. What is the area of the parallelogram having diagonals
158. If the vectors a ˆi + aˆj + gk,
ˆ ˆi + kˆ and gˆi + gˆj + bkˆ lie on a 3iˆ + ˆj - 2kˆ and ˆi - 3jˆ + 4kˆ ? [2016-I]
plane, where a, b and g are distinct non-negative numbers, (a) 5 5 square units (b) 4 5 square units
then g is [2015-II]
(a) Arithmetic mean of a and b (c) 5 3 square units (d) 15 2 square units
(b) Geometric mean of a and b DIRECTIONS (Qs. 165-166) : Consider the following for the
(c) Harmonic mean of a and b next two (02) items that follow:
(d) None of the above r r r r r r
r r r r r r r Let a = ˆi + ˆj, b = 3iˆ + 4k
ˆ and b = c + d, where c is parallel to
159. The vectors a, b, c and d are such that a ´ b = c ´ d and r r r
r r r r
a and d is perpendicular to a . [2016-II]
a ´ c = b ´ d . Which of the following is/ are correct ? r
165. What is c equal to?
[2015-II]
r r r r r
1. ( )
a - d ´ (b - c) = 0 (a)
3(iˆ + ˆj)
(b)
2(iˆ + ˆj)
2 3
r r r r r
2. (a ´ b) ´ (c ´ d) = 0 (i + ˆj)
ˆ (i + ˆj)
ˆ
(c) (d)
2 3
 EBD_7346
M-506 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r r r r r r
166. If d = x ˆi + y ˆj + z ˆ
k, then which of the following equations (a) a, b, c are orthogonal in pairs and | a | = | c | and | b | = 1
is/are correct? r
1. y – x = 4 | a | = | c | and | b | =1
r rr
2. 2z – 3 = 0 (b) a, b, c are non-orthogonal to each other
Select the correct answer using the code given below: r r r r r
(c) a, b, c are orthogonal in pairs but | a | ¹ | c |
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only r r r r
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) a, b, c are orthogonal is pairs but | b | ¹ 1
r
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 167-168) : Consider the following for the 175. If ar = 2iˆ + 3jˆ + 4kˆ and b = 3iˆ + 2ˆj - lkˆ are perpendicular,,
next two (02) items that follow. then what is the value of l? [2017-I]
r r r r r r (a) 2 (b) 3
Let a, b and c be three vectors such that a + b + c = 0
r r r (c) 4 (d) 5
and a = 10, b = 6 and c = 14. [2016-II] uuur
176. If a, b and g are the angles which the vector OP (O being
r r r r r ur the origin) makes with positive direction of the coordinate
167. What is a. b + b. c. + c. a. equal to?
axes, then which of the following are correct? [2017-II]
(a) –332 (b) – 166
1. cos 2 a + cos 2 b = sin 2 g
(c) 0 (d) 166
r r
168. What is the angle between a and b ? 2. sin 2 a + sin 2 b = cos 2 g
(a) 30° (b) 45°
3. sin 2 a + sin 2 b + sin 2 g = 2
(c) 60° (d) 75°
169. In a right-angled triangle ABC, if the hypotenuse AB = p, Select the correct answer using the code given below.
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
then what is AB. AC + BC. BA + CA. CB equal to? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
[2016-II] (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
ur r r
177. Let a = $i + 2$j - k, $ b = 2i$ - $j + 3k$ and g = 2i$ + $j + 6kˆ be
(a) p (b) p 2

p2 ur r
(c) 2p2 (d) three vectors. If a and b are both perpendicular to the
2 r r r r
r vector d and d × g = 10 , then what is the magnitude of d ?
170. A force F = 3ˆi + 2 ˆj - 4 ˆ k is applied at the point (1, –1, 2).
[2017-II]
What is the moment of the force about the point (2, –1, 3)?
[2016-II] (a) 3 units (b) 2 3 units
(a) ˆi + 4 ˆj + 4 ˆ
k (b) 2 ˆi + ˆj + 2 ˆ
k 3 1
(c) unit (d) unit
2 3
(c) 2 ˆi – 7 ˆj – 2 ˆ
k (d) 2 ˆi + 4 ˆj – ˆ
k
r ˆ ˆ ˆ r r 178. If â and b̂ are two unit vectors, then the vector
171. If a = i - j + k, b = 2iˆ + 3jˆ + 2kˆ and c = iˆ - mjˆ + nkˆ are
r
three coplanar vectors and | c |= 6 , then which one of the ( ) ( )
aˆ + bˆ ´ aˆ ´ bˆ is parallel to [2017-II]
following is correct?
(a) m = 2 and n = ± 1
[2017-I]
(b) m = ± 2 and n = –1
(a) ( â - bˆ ) (b) ( â + bˆ )
(c) m = 2 and n = –1 (d) m = ± 2 and n = 1
172. Let ABCD be a parallelogram whose diagonals intersect at
(c) ( 2aˆ - bˆ ) (d) ( 2aˆ + bˆ )
uuur uuur uuur uuur r
P and let O be the origin. What is OA + OB + OC + OD 179. A force F = ˆi + 3jˆ + 2kˆ acts on a particle to displace it from
equal to? [2017-I]
(a) 2OP
uuur
(b) 4OP
uuur ( ) ( )
the point A ˆi + 2ˆj - 3kˆ to the point B 3iˆ – ˆj + 5kˆ . The
uuur uuur work done by the force will be [2017-II]
(c) 6OP (d) 8OP (a) 5 units (b) 7 units
173. ABCD is a quadrilateral whose diagonals are AC and BD. (c) 9 units (d) 10 units
Which one of the following is correct? [2017-I]
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur r r ˆ2 r ˆ2 r
(a) BA + CD = AC + DB (b) BA + CD = BD + CA 180. For any vector a | a ´ i | + | a ´ j | + | a ´ kˆ |2 is equal to
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur [2017-II]
(c) BA + CD = AC + BD (d) BA + CD = BC + AD
r r
r r r r r r (a) | a |2 (b) 2 | a |2
174. If a ´ b = c and b ´ c = a , then which one of the following
is correct? [2017-I] r r
(c) 3 | a |2 (d) 4 | a |2
Vectors M-507

ˆ ˆi + bjˆ + kˆ and ˆi = ˆj = ckˆ ( a, b, c ¹ 1) (a) x (b) x + y

181. If the vectors aiˆ + ˆj + k,
(c) –(x + y + z) (d) (x + y + z)
1 1 1
are coplanar, then the value of + + is equal 189. A unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors
1- a 1- b 1- c
to [2017-II]
2iˆ - ˆj + kˆ and 3iˆ - 4jˆ - kˆ is [2018-II]
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) a + b + c (d) abc 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 1 ˆ
r (a) i+ j- k (b) i + j+ k
r r
182. If ar and b are vectors such that a = 2, b = 7 and 3 3 3 2 2 2
r r
a ´ b = 3iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ , then what is the acute angle between 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
r (c) i- j- k (d) i+ j+ k
r 3 3 3 3 3 3
a and b ? [2018-I]
(a) 30° (b) 45° r r r r
(c) 60° (d) 90° 190. If a = 3, b = 4 and a - b = 5 , then what is the value of
r r r r
183. Let p and q be the position vectors of the points P and Q a+b = ? [2018-II]
respectively with respect to origin O. The points R and S
divide PQ internally and externally respectively in the ratio (a) 8 (b) 6
uuur uuur
2 : 3. If OR and OS are perpendicular, then which one of
(c) 5 2 (d) 5
the following is correct? [2018-I]
r r
191. Let a, b and cr be three mutually perpendicular vectors each
2
(a) 9p = 4q 2 2
(b) 4p = 9p 2

(c) 9p = 4q (d) 4p = 9q r r r r r r r r
of unit magnitud. If A = a + b +c , B= a – b +c and
184. What is the moment about the point ˆi + 2jˆ - kˆ of a force r r r r
C = a - b - c, then which one of the following is correct?
represented by 3iˆ + kˆ acting through the point 2iˆ - ˆj + 3kˆ ?
[2018-II]
(a) -3iˆ + 11jˆ + 9kˆ (b) 3iˆ + 2jˆ + 9kˆ [2018-I] r r r r r r
(a) A > B > C (b) A = B ¹ C
(c) 3iˆ + 4jˆ + 9kˆ (d) ˆi + ˆj + kˆ
r r r r r r
r r r r r r r r r r (c) A = B = C (d) A ¹ B ¹ C
(
185. If ar + 2b + 3cr = 0 and a ´ b + b ´ c + c ´ a = l b ´ c , then ) r r r r
what is the value of l? [2018-I] ( ) ( )
192. What is a - b ´ a + b equal to? [2018-II]
(a) 2 (b) 3
r r r
(c) 4 (d) 6 (a) 0 (b) a ´ b
r r
186. If the vectors k and A are parallel to each other, then what r r r2 r2
r r
is kk ´ A equal to? [2018-I]
(
(c) 2 a ´ b ) (d) a - b
r r
(a) k 2 A (b) 0 193. A spacecraft at ˆi + 2jˆ + 3kˆ is subjected to a force lkˆ by
r r firing a rocket. The spacecraft is subjected to a moment of
(c) - k 2 A (d) A
r r magnitude [2018-II]
187. Let a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0 [2018-II]
(a) l (b) 3l
r r r r r2 r2
( )( )
a + b . a + b = a + b holds if and only if (c) 5l (d) None of these
r r 194. In a triangle ABC, if taken in order, consider the following
(a) a and b are perpendicular statements: [2018-II]
r r uuur uuur uuur r
(b) a and b are parallel 1. AB + BC + CA = 0
r r
(c) a and b are inclined at an angle of 45° uuur uuur uuur r
2. AB + BC - CA = 0
r r
(d) a and b are anti-parallel uuur uuur uuur r
r
3. AB - BC + CA = 0
r
188. If r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zk, ( )
ˆ then what is r. ˆi + ˆj + kˆ equal to? uuur uuur uuur r
4. BA - BC + CA = 0
[2018-II]
 EBD_7346
M-508 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
How many of the above statements are correct?
p2
(a) One (b) Two (a) p 2 (b) 2p2 (c) (d) p
2
(c) Three (d) Four 198. The sine of the angle between vectors [2019-I]
r ˆ r r r
195. If a = i - 2 ˆj + 5kˆ and b = 2iˆ + ˆj - 3kˆ th en what is a = 2iˆ - 6 ˆj - 3kˆ and b = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj - kˆ
r r r r
(b - a ).(3a + b ) equal to? [2019-I]
1 5
(a) 106 (b) –106 (c) 53 (d) –53 (a) (b)
26 26
196. If the position vectors of points A and B are 3iˆ - 2 ˆj + kˆ
5 1
(c) (d)
and 2iˆ + 4 ˆj - 3kˆ respectively, then what is the length of 26 26
uuur 199. What is the value of l for which the vectors
AB ? [2019-I]
3iˆ + 4 ˆj - kˆ and - 2iˆ + lˆj + 10kˆ are perpendicular?
(a) 14 (b) 29 (c) 43 (d) 53
[2019-I]
197. If in a right-angled triangle ABC, hypotenuse AC = p, then
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
what is AB × AC + BC × BA + CA × CB equal to ? [2019-I]
Vectors M-509

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 21 (d) 41 (d) 61 (a) 81 (d) 101 (c) 121 (c) 141 (b) 161 (a) 181 (b)
2 (c) 22 (b) 42 (b) 62 (a) 82 (a) 102 (c) 122 (d) 142 (d) 162 (b) 182 (a)
3 (b) 23 (b) 43 (d) 63 (d) 83 (d) 103 (b) 123 (a) 143 (a) 163 (a) 183 (a)
4 (d) 24 (a) 44 (a) 64 (d) 84 (c) 104 (c) 124 (a) 144 (d) 164 (c) 184 (a)
5 (b) 25 (c) 45 (b) 65 (a) 85 (c) 105 (d) 125 (a) 145 (a) 165 (a) 185 (d)
6 (c) 26 (d) 46 (a) 66 (c) 86 (c) 106 (c) 126 (b) 146 (a) 166 (d) 186 (b)
7 (d) 27 (c) 47 (c) 67 (b) 87 (b) 107 (d) 127 (c) 147 (d) 167 (b) 187 (a)
8 (b) 28 (b) 48 (b) 68 (a) 88 (c) 108 (a) 128 (b) 148 (b) 168 (c) 188 (d)
9 (b) 29 (d) 49 (b) 69 (b) 89 (b) 109 (a) 129 (a) 149 (c) 169 (b) 189 (a)
10 (a) 30 (a) 50 (d) 70 (a) 90 (a) 110 (d) 130 (c) 150 (c) 170 (c) 190 (d)
11 (c) 31 (c) 51 (d) 71 (c) 91 (b) 111 (b) 131 (a) 151 (b) 171 (d) 191 (c)
12 (a) 32 (d) 52 (c) 72 (a) 92 (c) 112 (d) 132 (b) 152 (a) 172 (b) 192 (c)
13 (d) 33 (b) 53 (c) 73 (c) 93 (d) 113 (b) 133 (d) 153 (c) 173 (b) 193 (c)
14 (b) 34 (c) 54 (a) 74 (a) 94 (d) 114 (a) 134 (a) 154 (b) 174 (a) 194 (a)
15 (c) 35 (b) 55 (b) 75 (c) 95 (c) 115 (b) 135 (c) 155 (d) 175 (b) 195 (b)
16 (d) 36 (b) 56 (b) 76 (b) 96 (d) 116 (b) 136 (b) 156 (c) 176 (c) 196 (d)
17 (a) 37 (c) 57 (b) 77 (b) 97 (a) 117 (d) 137 (a) 157 (b) 177 (b) 197 (a)
18 (c) 38 (b) 58 (d) 78 (d) 98 (c) 118 (c) 138 (a) 158 (b) 178 (a) 198 (b)
19 (a) 39 (d) 59 (d) 79 (a) 99 (c) 119 (d) 139 (a) 159 (c) 179 (c) 199 (d)
20 (b) 40 (b) 60 (b) 80 (a) 100 (c) 120 (d) 140 (c) 160 (b) 180 (b)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

r r r r r r 3. (b) Since, side opposite to greatest angle is longest and ÐB
r b´c r c´a r a´b uuur
1. (c) As given p = r rr , q = rrr , and r = rrr is greatest angle in DABC. Thus, CA has greatest
[abc] [abc] [abc]
r r r r r r r r r r r r magnitude.
\ (a - b - c).p + (b - c - a).q + (c - a - b).r A
r r r r r r r r
a.(b ´ c) b.(c ´ a) c.(a ´ b)
= r rr + rrr + rrr
[abc] [abc] [abc]
ur ur ur ur ur ur
[Since b .( b ´ c ) = 0, c .(b ´ c ) = 0, c .(c ´ a ) = 0 , E
ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur F
a .(c ´ a ) = 0, a .(a ´ b ) = 0 and b .(a ´ b ) = 0 ]
rrr rrr rrr
[a b c] [a b c] [a b c]
= rrr + rrr + rrr =3
[a b c] [a b c] [a b c]
2. (c) Let O be the origin and ABCD be the parallelogram. B D C
In D ODC, r r r r
uuur uuur uuur 4. (d) Given that p.q = p.r
OD = OC + CD r r r
uuur uuur Þ p. (q - r) = 0
CD = -AB r r r
uuur uuur uuur r r Þ p is perpendicular to q - r
and, In D AOB, AB = OB - OA = b - a r r r r
Also, p ´ q = p ´ r (given).
Thus, CD = - AB = a - b r r r
D C Þ p ´ (q - r) = 0
® r r r
c Þ p is parallel to q - r
r
Which is not possible simultaneously unless either p
O ® r r r r r
b
®a or q - r is zero, since p ¹ 0, Þ q - r = 0
B Thus, the given conditions hold simultaneously if
uuur Ar r r uuur ur uuur r r r r
So, OD = c + a - b [since, OC = C and CD = a - b ] q = r.
 EBD_7346
M-510 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r r
r r p 9. (b) Let the vector be r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ . Since, r and ˆi + ˆj
5. (b) If p and q are unit vectors which make an angle
3 are perpendicular to each other.
with each other. r
Hence, r.(iˆ + ˆj) = 0 Þ x + y = 0 ...(i)
r r r r p 1 r
Then, p . q = | p | | q | cos = also r and ˆj + kˆ are perpendicular to each other. so,
3 2
r
r 1r2 r r.(ˆj + k)
ˆ =0
1 r 2 r r
Now, p - q = | p |2 + | q |2 – p .q So, y + z = 0 ...(ii)
2 4 2
and x2 + y2 + z2 = 9 ...(iii)
1 1 r r Þ (–y2) + y2 + (–y)2 = 9
= 1+ - [since | p | = | q | = 1]
4 2 Þ 3y2 = 9
5 1 5-2 3 Þ y=± 3
= - = =
4 2 4 4
\ x=m 3 [from (i)
r 1r 3 and z = ± 3 [from (ii)]
So, p - q =
2 2
So, vector is 3 (iˆ - ˆj + k)
ˆ
6. (c) If vectors (x2 – 1) $i + (x + 2) $j + x2 $
k$ and 2 $i – x $j + 3 k are 10. (a) We know that for any line that makes a, b and g angle
orthogonal, then with axis
2 (x2 – 1) – x (x + 2) + 3x2 = 0 cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1
Þ 2x2 – 2 – x2 – 2x + 3x2 = 0 Þ 1– sin2 a + 1 – sin2 b + 1 – sin2 g = 1
Þ 4x2 – 2x – 2 = 0 Þ sin2 a + sin2 b + sin2 g = 2
Þ (2x2 – x – 1) = 0 11. (d) A is true, but R is false.
Þ (2x + 1) (x – 1) = 0 12. (a) In D OAB,
uuur r
1 Let OA = a B
Þ x= - and x = 1 uuur r
2 OB = b
r r ®
7. (d) Force, F is given by F = $i + $j + k$ uuur uuur uuur b
OA + AB = OB C
uuur uuur $ $ $ uuur uuur uuur
OA = $i + 2j$ + 3k$ and OB = -2i + 3j + k Þ AB = OB – OA
r uuur r r
\ r = AB = – 2i$ + 3j$ + k$ - $i - 2j$ - 3k$ = b –a
uuur uuur O ® A
a
= – 3i$ + $j - 2k$ AB = 2 BC [given]
uuur
uur Þ C is mid point of AB
Moment M about the point $i + 2j$ + 3k$
uur r r uuur 1 uuur 1 r r
\ (b - a)
M = r ´ F = (– 3i$ + $j - 2k$ ) × ( $i + $j + k$ ) AC = AB =
2 2
13. (d) Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
$i $j k$
Therefore, P is the mid point of AC and BD both.
= 3 1 -2 = $i (1 + 2) – $j (– 3 + 2) + k$ (– 3 – 1)
-
D
1 1 1 C

= 3 $i + $j - 4k$ P
8. (b) Three forces are given by, say , F1, F2 and F3
r r
F1 = 2iˆ + 3jˆ + 5k,ˆ F2 = -5iˆ + 4jˆ - 3kˆ
r A B
and F3 = 3iˆ - 7kˆ
r O
Total resultant force, F is given by uuur uuur uuur
r r r r So, in DOAC, OA + OC = 2OP
F = F1 + F2 + F3 uuur uuur uuur
and in DODB, OB + OD = 2OP
= 2iˆ + 3jˆ + 5kˆ - 5iˆ + 4jˆ - 3kˆ + 3iˆ - 7kˆ = 7ˆj - 5kˆ uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
Þ OA + OC = 2OP and OB + OD = 2OP
This show that the resultant force is in the y – z plane. uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
Thus, it moves in the y – z plane. Þ OA + OB + OC + OD = 4OP
Vectors M-511
r r r These are orthogonal to each other, q = p/2
14. (b) Since r 1, r 2 and r 3 are the position vector of three ur ur
r so, A.B = 0
collinear points. Thus r 3 is the position vector of the Þ 1 – (2x) (3x) – (3y) (2y) = 0
point which divides the joining of points whose Þ 1 – 6x2 – 6y2 = 0
r r
position vectors are r1 and r 2 in the ratio m : n. 1
Þ x2 + y2 =
r r 6
r mr1 + nr 2 This equation represents an equation of a circle which
So, r 3 = is the locus of the point (x, y).
m+n r r
r r r 18. (c) We know that the components of b along a is
But as given, r 3 = mr1 + nr 2 r r
r r
uuur uuur ìï a .b üï r r r ïì a .b ïü r
mr1 + nr2 í r 2 ý a and perpendicular to a is b – í r 2 ý a
So, = mr1 + nr2 îï| a | þï ïî | a | ïþ
m+n
r r
Þ m+n =1 ïì a .b ïü r r
ur As given : í r ý a = la
15. (c) The given vector is V = 2i$ - $j + 2k$ 2
ïî| a | ïþ
and for z-axis x = 0 and y = 0, so the vector equation is r r
r ïì a .b ïü r r r
ur and b – í r ý .a = b - la
A = 0i$ + 0 $j + k$ 2
ïî| a | ïþ
ur ur r r
V.A ìï a .b üï
cos a = ur ur Þ l=í r ý
| V |.| A | 2
îï | a | þï
2.0 + (-1).(0) + 2.(1) r
cos a = =
2 19. (a) Force, F = m $i - 3j$ + k$
4 +1 + 4 0 + 0 +1 3 Due to this force, point moves from A (20, 3m, 0) to B (0, 0,
7).
Hence, sin a = 1 - cos2 a uuur
So, the displacement vector AB is given by
uuur
AB = –20 $i - 3m$j + 7k$
4 5 5
= 1- = =
9 9 3 r uuur
uur r r Work done = F . AB
16. (d) Given that m, n and r are three vectors and q is the
uur r = (m $i - 3j$ + k$ ) . (– 20 $i - 3m$j + 7k$ )
angle between m and n, = (–20m + 9m + 7) unit
uur r But work done = –48 unit, as given
m.n Þ – 11m + 7 = – 48
We get, cos q = uur r
| m || n | Þ –11m = –55
uur r Þ m=5
Þ mn cos q = m.n r r r r
20. (b) (i) | a + b | =| a - b |
uur r Squaring both the sides
[where, | m | = m and | n | = n]
r r r r
r | a + b |2 = | a - b |2
uur r r r r rr r r rr
Þ mn cos q = ( m.n ) r 99 or, | a |2 + | b |2 +2a.b = | a |2 + | b | 2 -2a b
|r|
rr
r or, 4a.b = 0
uur r r r
Þ mn cos q = ( m.n ) r
r Þ a and b are orthogonal.
r r r r r
[where | r | = r] (ii) | a + b |2 =| a | + | b |
uur r r Squaring both the sides
Þ mn r cos q = ( m.n ) r r r r r
| a + b |= (| a | + | b |) 2
17. (a) Let the given vectors
ur ur r r rr r r r r
$i - 2x $j - 3y k$ and $i + 3x $j + 2y µk.be A and B or, | a |2 + | b |2 +2 a.b = | a |2 + | b |2 +2 | a || b |
respectively, and q be the angle between rr r r
or, a.b = | a | . | b |
ur ur
A.B r r r r
them, so, cos q = ur ur or, | a | . | b | . cos q =| a || b |
| A || B |
 EBD_7346
M-512 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
cos q = 1 Þ q = 0 A B C
r r
a and b are parallel, and not orthogonal.
r r r r
(iii) | a + b |2 =| a |2 + | b | 2 a b c
r r r r r r
| a |2 + | b |2 +2a . b =| a |2 + | b |2 O
r r r r
r r Þ 2b - 2a = c - a
2a . b = 0 r r r r r r
r r Þ c = 2b - 2a + a = 2b - a
Þ a and b are orthogonal. r r r r
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. 24. (a) Q (a + l b) is perpendicular to (a - l b), their dot
r r r r
21. (d) Vectors are 2i + mj – 3nk and 5i + 3mj + nk product is zero, so, (a + l b).(a - lb) = 0
r r rr rr
| 2i + mj – 3nk | = 14 ...(i) Þ | a |2 -l 2 | b |2 -la.b + lb.a = 0
r r rr rr
and | 5i + 3mj + nk | = 35 ...(ii) Þ | a |2 -l 2 | b |2 = 0 (Q a.b = b.a)
2 2 + m 2 + ( -3n ) 2 = 14 From (i) Þ 9 – 16l2= 0
3 3
or, 4 + m2 + 9n2 = 14 Þ l=± l = matches with the given option.
or, m2 + 9n2 = 10 ...(iii) 4 4
r
From (ii) 25. (c) Here, F = 3i + 2j - k$
$ $
ur uur
5 2 + (3m) 2 + n 2 = 35 and r1 - r2 = $i - $j + k$ - 2i$ + 3j$ + k$
or, 25 + 9m2 + n2 = 35 $ $ $
= -i + 2j + 2k
or, 9m2 + n2 = 10 ...(iv) ur ur r
From (iii) and (iv) Moment of couple = (r1 - r2 ) ´ F
m2 + 9n2 = 9m2 + n2
or, 8n2 = 8m2 = (-$i + 2j$ + 2k)
$ ´ (3i$ + 2$j - k)
$

or, n2 = m2 $i $j k$
Þ n=±m $ $ $
= -1 2 2 = i (-2 - 4) - j(1 - 6) + k ( -2 - 6)
n takes 2 values and m takes 2 values.
r r 3 2 -1
22. (b) Since, p and q are collinear, then
r r = -6i$ + 5j$ - 8k$
p = kq [where k is a scalar]
r r r r Magnitude of the moment = | -6i$ + 5j$ - 8k$ |
Þ (x – 2) a + b = k (x + 1)a - kb
On equating the coefficients = 36 + 25 + 64 = 5 5
r r
x – 2 = k (x + 1) and – k = 1, 26. (d) As given a = 2jˆ - 3kˆ and b = $j + 3k$
putting value of k r
we get, x – 2 = – (x + 1) and c = -3i$ + 3j$ + k$
r
Þ 2x = 1 Let n = xi$ + y$j + zk$
r
Since a and n$ are perpendicular to each other..
1
Þ x=
2 r
r a.n$ = 0 Þ (2j$ - 3k).(xi
$ $ + y$j + zk)
$ =0
23. (b) Let c be the position vector of point C on AB produced.
Þ 2y – 3z = 0 ...(1)
From the laws of vector addition, r
uuur uuur uuur and b.n$ = 0
OA + AB = OB
uuur uuur uuur r r Þ ($j + 3k).(xi
$ $ + y$j + zk)
$ =0
Þ AB = OB - OA = b - a
uuur uuur uuur Þ y + 3z = 0 ...(2)
and similarly in D AOC, OA + AC = OC On solving Eqs. (1) and (2)
uuur uuur uuur r r y= z = 0
Þ AC = OC - OA = c - a
uuur uuur r r Since n$ is a unit vector,,
As given, AC = 2AB = 2b - 2a
x 2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 Þ x = 1 [since, y = z = 0]
hence, n$ = $i
r
This gives, c.n$ = (-3i$ + 3j$ + k).(i)
$ $ =–3
Vectors M-513
r r r uur rr rr rr
27. (c) Since, p = u + v + w Þ a.b. = 0 = b.c = c.a
r
Þ p = (i$ - $j) + (2i$ + 5j) $ = 7i$ + 7$j
$ + (4i$ + 3j) h C
F
r r c
Now, 3u + 2v = 3(i$ - $j) + 2(2i$ + 5j)
$ =

3i$ - 3j$ + 4i$ + 10j$ = 7i$ + 7$j E

r r r d G
Þ 3u + 2v = p
r r r r rr b
28. (b) | a + b |2 =| a |2 + | b |2 +2a.b cosq B
r r r r O
Þ | a + b |2 = 1 + 1 + 2 | a || b | cos30° a q

3 A
=1 +1+ 2 × D
2 33. (b) As given :
r r r r
Þ | a + b |2 = 2 + 3 a = $i + 2j$ - 3k$ and b = 3i$ - $j + l k$
r r r r
Þ | a + b |= 2 + 3 a + b = $i + 2j$ - 3k$ + 3i$ - $j + l k$
1< 2+ 3 < 2 = 4i$ + $j + (l - 3)k$
r r
Þ 1 <| a + b |< 2 r r
and a - b = $i + 2j$ - 3k$ - 3i$ + $j - l k$
29. (d) As given
r r r
c, is normal to the vectors a and b = -2i$ + 3j$ - (3 + l )k$
r r r r r r r r
Þ c.a = 0 and c.b = 0 (a + b) is perpendicular to (a - b)
r r r rr rr r r r r
Þ c.(a + b) = c.a + c.b = 0 Þ (a + b).(a - b) = 0
r r r rr rr
Þ Also c.(a - b) = c.a - c.b = 0 Þ {4i$ + $j + (l - 3)k}{
$ -2i$ + 3j$ - (3 - l )k}
$ =0
r r r r r
c is normal to a + b and a - b . Þ – 8 + 3 + (32 – l2) = 0
30. (a) Since vector product is not commutative. So, option Þ 4 – l2 = 0
(a) is correct. Þ l = ±2
r
31. (c) Vectors a $i + $j + k,
ˆ $i + b$j + kˆ and $i + $j + ckˆ are 34. (c) Refer to the figure which is self explanatory
coplanar vectors. In DABD,
A
a 1 1
Þ 1 b 1 =0
1 1 c c b
Þ a (bc – 1) –1 (c – 1) + 1 ( 1 –b) = 0
Þ abc – a – c + 1 + 1 – b = 0
Þ a + b + c – abc = 2 B D C
32. (d) Refer to the figure. a
r r r uuur uuur uuur
| (a ´ b).c | is triple dot product and is volume (V) of AB = AD + DB
the parallelepiped whose adjacent edges are a, b, r uuur 1 r uuur 1 uuur
and c. c = AD - a [Q DB = CB ]
r r ur 2 2
i.e., V = | (a ´ b) | .OC uuur 1 r r
r r r AD = a + c
Þ V = | a || b | (sin q)(cos f) | c | 2
r r Also in DACD,
where 0 £ q £ p is the angle between a and b. uuur uuur uuur
AD + DC = CA
As given
r r r r r r uuur 1 r r
| (a ´ b).c | = | a || b || c | Þ AD + a = b
2
Þ | sin q cos f | . = 1 uuur r 1 r
Þ sin q = 1, cos f = 1 Þ AD = b - a
2
p But this is not in the statement.
Þ q= ,f = 0 uuur
2 Hence, only (1) statement represent median AD.
 EBD_7346
M-514 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
35. (b) Let the coordinates of B be (x, y). r r
38. (b) As given : a and b are position vectors of A and B
r
a = $i – 3j$ r r
respectively and position vector of C is 3a – 2b
uuur uuur
P.V. of A is (–1, 5) so, OA = $i + 5j$ , OB = xi$ + y$j uuur r uuur r
OA = a and OB = b , where O is the origin and
uuur uuur uuur r uuur r r uuur uuur uuur r r
\ AB = OB – OA = a OC = 3a – 2b , AB = OB – OA = b – a
) ) ) )
Þ (x + 1)i + (y – 5) j = i – 3j uuur uuur uuur r r r r r
AC = OC – OA = 3a – 2b – a = 2a – 2b
Þ x + 1 = 1 and y – 5 = – 3
uuur r r r r uuur
Þ x = 0 and y = 2
\ Coordinates of B are (0, 2).
( ) (
Þ AC = 2 a – b = –2 b – a = –2AB )
36. (b) Given vectors are : uuur uuur
r ) ) ) r ) ) r So, AC is opposite to AB so
a = 2i – 3j – k and b = i + 4j – 2k A is between C and B and position vector of C shows
r r ) ) ) ) )
Þ a + b = (2i – 3j – k) + (i$ + 4 j – 2k)
an external division by C.
) ) ) 39. (d) Let ABCDEF be the regular hexagen as shown in the
= 3i + j – 3k figure.
r r ) ) ) ) ) )
and a – b = (2i – 3j – k) – (i + 4 j – 2k)
) ) ) E
= i – 7j+ k D
) ) )
i j k F
r r r r O
\ (a + b) ´ (a – b) = 3 1 -3
C
1 –7 1
A b
) 1 –3 ) 3 –3 ) 3 1 a B
=i –j +k
–7 1 1 1 1 –7
uuur r uuur r
) ) ) Let AB = a and BC = b
= i(1– 21) – j(3 + 3) + k(–21 –1)
) ) ) Join AD, FC and EB. They meet at a common point O,
= –20i – 6j – 22k which is the centre of hexagon.
) ) ) uuur uuur r
= –2(10i + 3j + 11k) AO || BC so, AO = BC = b
uuur uuur r
) ) ) OC || AB so, OC = AB = a
i j k uuur uuur uuur
r r OAB forms a triangle, AB + BO = AO
Now, a ´ b = 2 –3 –1
uuur uuur uuur r r
1 4 –2 Þ BO = AO – AB = b – a
BO = OE and they are on the same line,
) –3 –1 ) 2 –1 ) 2 –3 uuur uuur r r
=i –j +k
4 –2 1 –2 1 4 So, BO = OE = b – a
uuur uuur uuur
) ) ) In DOCE, CO + OE = CE
= i(6 + 4) – j(–4 + 1) + k(8 + 3) uuur uuur r r r r uur
) ) ) Þ CE = –OC + OE = –a + b – a = b – 2a
= 10i + 3j + 11k
So, (1) is correct.
r r r r r r uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
( ) ( )
Hence, a + b ´ a – b = –2 a ´ b ( ) BE = 2OB In DAEB, AB + BE = AE
r uuur uuur uuur ur r r
37. (c) As given, l a is a unit vector.. Þ AE = AB + 2BO = A + 2 b – a ( )
r
Þ| l a |= 1 uuur r r r r r
Þ AE = a + 2b – 2a = 2b – a
r
Þ| l | a = 1 So, (2) is also correct.
uuur uuur r r r r
FA||OB Þ FA = –BO = –(b – a) = a – b
1 r
Þa= éQ a = a ù So, (3) is also correct.
l ë û
So, (1), (2) & (3) are correct.
Vectors M-515
r r r r r r r
40. (b) As given : a is perpendicular to b and c 44. (a) (3a - b ) ´ (a + 3b )
r r rr
Þ a.b = 0 & a.c = 0 r r r r r r
= (3a - b) ´ a + (3a - b ) ´ 3b
r r r r r
r
and angle between b and c =
p = 3ar ´ ar - b ´ ar + 3ar ´ 3b - b ´ 3b
3 r r r r
= 0 - (-a ´ b ) + 9a ´ b - 0
rr r r p 1 r
\ b.c = b c cos = 1.1.
3 2 = 10ar ´ b
\ k = 10
1 r r
= (Q b and c are unit vectors) 45. (b) Let us consider triangle ABC. Suppose iˆ , ĵ and
2
r r r2 r2 r2 r2 iˆ + ˆj + lkˆ are the position vector of A , B and C.
Now, a + b + c = a + b + c
uuur uuur uuur
r r rr rr Then AB = ˆj - iˆ , AC = ˆj + lkˆ , BC = iˆ + lkˆ
(
+2 a.b + b.c + c.a ) uuur 2 2
æ 1 ö AB = ( -1) + (1) = 2
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 2. ç 0 + + 0÷
è 2 ø uuur
BC = (1) 2 + ( l ) 2 = 1 + l 2
=1+1+1+1=4
r r r uuur 2 2 2
Þ a +b+c = 2 AC = (1) + (l ) = 1 + l
) ) ) ) ) ) To be DABC is a right angled triangle, ÐC should be
( ) ( )
41. (d) As given : i – x j – 2k and 2i + j + yk are orthogonal. right angle,
So, there dot product = 0 uuur uuur
i.e., BC . AC = 0
) ) ) ) ) )
( )
Þ i – x j – 2k .(2i + j + yk) = 0
Þ (iˆ + lkˆ).( ˆj + lkˆ) = 0
Þ 2 – x – 2y = 0
Þ x + 2y = 2 Þ 0 + 0 + l2 = 0
Which is an equation of straight line. \ l=0
Thus, the locus of the point (x, y) is a straight line. r r r
r ) ) ) ) ) 46. (a) The scalar triple product ( A ´ B).C of three vectors
42. (b) As given, vectors are : a = i + j and b = j + k r r r
r r r r A, B , C determines volume of a parallelopiped.
So, a ´ b is perpendicular to a and b
r r rr
) ) ) 47. (c) | a ´ b |2 +(a.b) 2
i j k
r r r r r r
a´b = 1 1 0 = (| a | . | b | .sin q) 2 + (| a | . | b | .cos q) 2
0 1 1 = (1.1.sin q)2 + (1.1.cos q) 2
) ) ) = sin2 q + cos2 q = 1
= i – j+ k uuur uuur
r r uuur 2OA - 3OB
and a ´ b = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 48. (b) OG =
2-3
r r uuur uuur
Unit vector perpendicular to a and b uuur 2OA - 3OB
r r ) ) ) OG =
a´b
=± r r =±
( ) i – j+ k uuur
-1
uuur uuur
| a´b | 3 -OG = 2OA - 3OB … (1)
uuur uuur uuur
Thus, the number of vectors perpendicular to the lOG = 2OA + 3OB … (2)
r r
vectors a and b is 2. This is true for vectors of any Adding (1) and (2)
uuur uuur
length. So, it is true for vector of length 5 unit. (l - 1)OG = 4OA
r r r
43. (d) As given Semidiagonal is r = ai + bj uuur æ l - 1ö uuur
r r r Þ OA = ç OG
So diagonal is 2r = 2ai + 2bj è 4 ÷ø …(3)

Þ Sides of rectangle are 2a and 2b Subtracting (2) from (1)

Hence, area of rectangle = 2a × 2b = 4ab. uuur uuur
(–1– l )OG = –6OB
 EBD_7346
M-516 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r
uuur (1 + l ) uuur 52. (c) Let the position vectors of B, C and R are b , cr and
OB = OG … (4) r
6 r respectively..
From equ (2), (3) and (4)
uuur æ l - 1ö uuur æ l + 1ö uuur a A
lOG = 2 ç OG + 3 ç OG
è 4 ÷ø è 6 ÷ø O
p
l -1 l +1
Þl= =
2 3
P R
l -1 l +1 q
\ l= or l =
2 3
Þ 2l - l = -1 or 3l - l = 1
B C
1 Q
Þ l = -1 or l =
2
r r r r r r r
49. (b) | a + b | = | a + b |2 r a+b r r
\ p= Þ b = 2p - a
2
r r r r
= | a |2 + | b |2 +2 | a | . | b | cos 60° r r
r b+c
q=
2 2 1 2
= 1 + 1 + 2.1.1. = 3 r r r
2 Þ c = 2q - b
r r
\ | a + b |> 1 r r r r r r r
Þ c = 2q - (2p - a) = 2q - 2p + a
r r r r
50. (d) Given a = i - 2ˆj + 3kˆ r a+c
r and r =
and b = 3ˆi + ˆj + 2kˆ 2
r r r r
r r 2q - 2p + a + a r r r r r r
\ a + b = 4ˆi - j + 5kˆ = = q - p + a = a - (p - q)
2
r r r
Then, c = l(a + b) 53. (c) Given, vector is (1, 1).

= l(4ˆi - ˆj + 5kˆ ) \ Length of vector = 12 + 12 + 02 = 2 .

ur
2 2
Þ l = 16l + l + 25l
2 54. (a) Let p = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ is a vector of magnitude 51

Þ l= 42 l \ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 51
l Þ x2 + y2 + z2 = 51 ...(i)
l=
r r r
42 Let p makes equal angle q with and a, b and cr .
r r r r
\ cr = l (4iˆ - ˆj + 5kˆ ) = 1 (4, -1,5) \ p . a = | p | . | a | cosq
42 42
r r
r p.a
51. (d) Given, r1 = lˆi + 2ˆj + kˆ \ cos q = r r
| p|| a |
r
and r1 = ˆi + (2 - l)ˆj + 2kˆ r r
p.b
r r Similarly, cosq = r r
\ r1 > r2 | p||b |
r r
Þ l 2 + (2)2 + (1) 2 > (1) 2 + (2 - l ) 2 + (2) 2 p.c
and cos q = r r
| p||c |
Þ l 2 + 4 + 1 > 1 + 4 + l 2 - 4l + 4
r r r r r r
Þ 5>9–4l p.a p .b p.c
\ r r = r r = r r
Þ 4l > 4 | p || a | | p||b | | p || c |
Þ l >1
Vectors M-517

r 2 r 2 r r r2 r 2 r r
1 1 Þ | a | + | b | + 2 | a | . | b | = | a | + | b | -2 | a | . | b |
(x - 2 y + 2z) (-4x - 3z)
3 5 r r
Þ = Þ 4 | a | .| b | = 0
1 1
x2 + y2 + z2 1+ 4 + 4 x2 + y2 + z2 16 + 9 r r
3 5 Þ a is perpendicular to b.
r
y 57. (b) Given, a = iˆ - 2ˆj + 5kˆ
= r
x2 + y2 + z2 1 and b = 2ˆi + ˆj - 3kˆ
r r
x - 2 y + 2z -4 x - 3z y \ b - a = 2ˆi + ˆj - 3kˆ - ˆi + 2ˆj - 5kˆ = ˆi + 3ˆj - 8kˆ
Þ = = r r
3 x2 + y 2 + z 2 5 x2 + y2 + z2 x2 + y2 + z2 and (3a + b) = (3ˆi - 6ˆj + 15kˆ ) + (2ˆi + ˆj - 3kˆ )

x - 2 y + 2 z -4 x - 3z = 5iˆ - 5 ˆj + 12kˆ
Þ = =y
3 5 r r r r
Hence, (b - a).(3a + b ) = (ˆi + 3ˆj - 8kˆ ).(5ˆi - 5ˆj + 12kˆ )
\ 5(x – 2y + 2z) = –3(4x + 3z) = 15y
= 5 – 15 – 96
\ 5x – 10y + 10z = 15y and –12x – 9z = 15y
= – 106
Þ 5x – 25y + 10z = 0 and –12x – 15y – 9z = 0
58. (d) Points A, B and C are collinear, if
Þ x – 5y + 2z = 0 and 4x + 5y + 3z = 0 r r r r r r r
x – 5y + 2z = 0 (a ´ b) + (b ´ c) + (c ´ a) = 0
4x + 5y + 3z = 0 r r r
59. (d) Since, a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ , b = ˆi - ˆj + kˆ and c = iˆ + ˆj - kˆ
x y z r r r r r r r r r
x y z Þ a ´ (b + c) + b ´ (c + a) + c ´ (a + b)
1 -5 2 = = =
4 5 3 -15 - 10 8 - 3 5 + 20 r r r r r r r r r r r r
= (a ´ b) + (a ´ c) + (b ´ c) + (b ´ a) + (c ´ a) + (c ´ b)
r r r r r r r r r r r r
x y z = (a ´ b) - (c ´ a) + (b ´ c) - (a ´ b) + (c ´ a) - (b ´ c) = 0
= =
-25 5 25 60. (b) (A) We know that
ur r ur r
x y z Work done = F ·d = | F |·| d | cos q
= = = k (let)
-5 1 5 Since, q = 90°
\ x = –5k, y = k, z = 5k ur r
Þ work done = | F |·| d | cos90° = 0
Now, x2 + y2 + z2 = 51 ur ur
\ (–5k)2 + k2 + (5k)2 = 51 (R) A . B = 0
Þ 25k2 + k2 + 25k2 = 51 ur ur
Þ 51k2 = 51 Þ A and B are perpendicular..
Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of
\ k = ±1
A.
When k = 1, then x = –5, y = 1, z = 5 rr
r r r a.b
and p = 5iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ 61. (a) The projection of b on a = r
|a|
when k = –1, then x = 5, y = –1, z = –5 r
Since, a is the unit vector
r r
and p = 5iˆ - ˆj - 5kˆ
\ |a |=1
55. (b) We know that rr r r
r r r r r r r r a.b
| a ´ b |2 + | a . b |2 =| a |2 ´ | b |2 Hence, projection of b on a = = a .b
1
r r 62. (a) A vector whose dot product with the vector
\ 64+ | a . b |2 = (4 ´ 25)
r r 4iˆ – 3 ˆj + kˆ is zero and magnitude is 1, will be the
Þ | a . b |2 = 36 required vectors.
r r By taking option (a)
Þ a.b = 6
r r r r (3iˆ + 4 ˆj ) ˆ 1
56. (b) Given, | a + b | = | a - b | ± .(4i – 3 ˆj + kˆ) = (12 – 12) = 0
5 5
r r r r Hence, the vector given in option ‘a’ is the required
Þ | a + b |2 = | a - b |2
vector.
 EBD_7346
M-518 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r 68. (a) Let A = (0, 2, 2), B = (2, 0, –1) and C = (3, 4, 0)
63. (d) Let r1 = biˆ – ajˆ be the required vector uuur uuur
r r r AB = ( 2 - 0, 0 - 2, -1 - 2 ) and AC = ( 3 - 0, 4 - 2, 0 - 2 )
Given, r = ai + bj uuur uuur
r r Þ AB = ( 2, -2, -3) and AC = ( 3, 2, -2 )
Now, r1. r = (biˆ – ajˆ).(aiˆ + bjˆ)
= ab – ab = 0 1 uuur uuur
\ Area of triangle = ´ magnitude of AB ´ AC
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer 2
r
64. (d) Given, a = 2iˆ – 3 ˆj + 4kˆ 1 uuur uuur
= AB ´ AC
Also, b̂ = mar = m(2iˆ – 3 ˆj + 4kˆ)
2
r ˆi ˆj kˆ
As b̂ is a unit vector therefore | b |= 1 1
= 2 -2 -3
Now, | 2iˆ – 3 ˆj + 4kˆ |= 4 + 9 + 16 = 29 2
3 2 -2
1
Therefore, m should be . 1 ˆ
29 = é i ( 4 + 6 ) - ˆj ( -4 + 9 ) + kˆ ( 4 + 6 ) ù
r r r 2ë û
65. (a) Since, vectors l a + b and a – lb are perpendicular
1 ˆ ˆ
r r r r = 10i - 5 j +10kˆ
to each other therefore (la + b ).(a – lb ) = 0 2
rr rr rr rr
Þ l a.a – l 2 a.b + b.a – l b.b = 0 1 1 15
(10 ) + (5 ) + (10 ) = 225 =
2 2 2
=
r rr r 2 2 2
Þ l | a |2 +(1– l 2 ) a.b – l | b |2 = 0
69. (b) From the figure it is clear that the angle between
r rr r r r r
Þ l | a |2 + (1 – l 2 )a.b – l | a |2 = 0 (Q| a |=| b |) r 2p
6b and - 5a is 120° or .
rr 3
Þ (1– l 2 )a.b
rr rr ®
a.b a.b rr ®
6b b
Since, cos 60º = r r = r 2 = a.b
| a || a | | a |
120°
r r 60°
\ (1– l 2 )a.b = (1– l 2 ) cos 60º ® a
–5a
2 1 ALTERNATE SOLUTION:
\ (1 – l ) = 0 Þ l = ±1
2
a®

r r r r
66. (c) Given, | a |= 3,| b |= 4 and | a – b |= 7
r r r r r r ®
Since, | a + b |2 + | a – b |2 = 2[| a |2 + | b |2 ] p/3 b
r r r r 6b
®
a®

\ By putting the values of | a |,| b | and | a – b | we get q

–5

r r
| a + b |2 +7 2 = 2[32 + 42 ]
r r r r r r p 2p
| a + b |2 = 50 – 49 Þ | a + b |2 = 1 Þ | a + b |= 1 q = p- = .
ur ur 3 3
67. (b) Let d 1 and d 2 be the two diagonals of a quadrilateral 70. (a) Consider statement 1
such that r r r r r r
ur
d1 = 3iˆ + 6 ˆj – 2kˆ
{( ) (
a. b + c ´ a + b + c = 0 )}
ur r r r r r r r r r r r r r
and d 2 = 4iˆ – ˆj + 3kˆ = a.{b ´ a + b ´ b + b ´ c + c ´ a + c ´ b + c ´ c}
ur ur r r r r r r r r
Now, Dot product of d 1 and d 2 is ( )
= 0 + 0 + a. b ´ c + 0 + a. c ´ b + 0 ( )
Q a´a = 0 ( )
ur ur r r r r r r
d1.d 2 = 3(4) + 6(–1) – 2(3) = 0 ( ) (
= a. b ´ c - a. b ´ c = 0 )
r r r r
Now, | d1 |= 32 + 62 + 22 = 7 and for any three coplanar vectors d, e, f ,
ur r r r
| d 2 |= 42 + 12 + 32 = 26 (
d´e . f = 0 )
r r Hence, statement (1) is correct and statement-2 is
Since, | d1 |¹| d 2 |
incorrect.
Hence, given quadrilateral is a rhombus,
Vectors M-519

® ®
71. (c) Let a and b be two unit vectors. 4 1 1
Þ + + =3
k k k
\ a = 1 and b = 1
® ® 6
Since, a is the angle between a and b Þ =3Þ k = 2
k
® ®
a .b 1 -1
\ cos a = \ x = 1, y = and z =
a b 2 2
® ®
a.b r æ 1 -1 ö
cos a = Hence b = ç1, , ÷
1 è 2 2 ø
r r r
( )
® ®
cos a = a . b 75. (c) We know, scalar triple product a ´ b . c is positive or
r r r
® ®
æ ® ® ö
Now, a + b = 1 çQ a + b is unit vector ÷ negative according as a, b, c form a right handed or
è ø left handed system respectively.
Squaring both sides consider option (a)
® 2 ® 2 ® ® r r
Þ a + b + 2 a .b = 1 Let c = j

Þ 1 + 1 + 2 cos a = 1 x y z
r rr
Þ 2 cos a = -1 \ éa b cù = 0 0 1
ë û = x ( -1) - y ( 0 ) + z ( 0 )
1 2p 0 1 0
Þ cos a = - = cos
2 3 = -x
2p option (b)
Þ a= r
3 Let c = y ˆj - x kˆ
72. (a) Given vectors are
x y z
iˆ - ˆj + kˆ, 2iˆ + ˆj - kˆ and l iˆ - ˆj + l kˆ r rr
\ éa b cù = 0 0 1
We know given vectors are coplanar, if ë û = x ( - y) - y (0) + z (0)
0 y -x
1 -1 1
2 1 -1 = 0 = – xy
option (c)
l -1 l r
Let c = y iˆ - x ˆj
Þ 1( l - 1) + 1( 2l + l ) + 1( -2 - l ) = 0
Þ l - 1 + 3l - 2 - l = 0 x y z
r r r
\ éa b ù
cû = 0 0 1
Þ 3l = 3 Þ l = 1 ë
73. (c) Both statements (1) and (2) are correct. y -x 0
r r r r
74. (a) Let b = x i + y j + z k = x ( x ) - y ( - y ) + z ( 0 ) = x2 + y2
r r
Since, b is collinear with vetor a Since, scalar tr iple product is positive when
r r r
therefore a = k b where k is a scalar.. c = y iˆ - x ˆj
r
Given a = ( 2, 1, -1) \ option (c) is correct.
uuur uuur
\ ( 2, 1, -1) = k ( x, y, z ) 76. (b) Let OP = iˆ + 3 ˆj - 2kˆ and OQ = 3iˆ + ˆj - 2kˆ

2 1 –1 Let ˆi + ˆj - kˆ be required position vector of the

Þ x= , y= , z=
k k k bisector of the angle POQ since, it is the bisector of
r r uuur
Also, a. b = 3 ÐPOQ therefore. It will make equal angles with OP
uuur
Þ 2x + y - z = 3 and OQ .
Let Angle between iˆ + 3 ˆj - 2kˆ and iˆ + ˆj - kˆ is
æ2ö 1 1
Þ 2ç ÷ + + = 3
èkø k k
 EBD_7346
M-520 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

æ 1+ 3 + 2 ö = | iˆ(2 + 3m) - ˆj (3 + m) + kˆ(9 - 2) |

q = cos -1 ç ÷
è 1 + 9 + 4 1 + 1 + 1 ø
= (2 + 3m)2 + (3 + m)2 + 72
æ 6 ö
= cos–1 ç ÷ Þ 90 = 4 + 9m2 + 12m + 9 + m2 + 6m + 49
è 14 3 ø
Þ 10m2 + 18m – 28 = 0
and angle between 3iˆ + ˆj - 2kˆ and iˆ + ˆj - kˆ, is Þ 5 m2 + 9m – 14 = 0
Þ 5 m2 + 14 m – 5m – 14 = 0
æ 1+ 3+ 2 ö -1 æ 6 ö
f = cos -1 ç ÷ = cos ç ÷ Þ m (5m + 14) – 1 (5m + 14) = 0
è 9 + 1+ 4 1+1 +1 ø è 14 3 ø Þ (5m + 14) (m – 1)= 0
Hence, q = f
-14
Þ m = 1 or
77. (b) Given aiˆ + ajˆ + ckˆ, iˆ + kˆ. and ciˆ + cjˆ + bkˆ lie on a 5
plane.
80. (a) Let the required vector be iˆ + ˆj
Þ vectors aiˆ + ajˆ + ckˆ, iˆ + kˆ and ciˆ + cjˆ + bkˆ are
coplanar. Since the vector iˆ + ˆj is equally inclined to the vectors

a a c iˆ + 3 ˆj and 3iˆ + ˆj therefore

\ 1 0 1 =0
Angle b/w iˆ + ˆj and iˆ + 3 ˆj = q1 is equal to angle
c c b
between iˆ + ˆj and 3iˆ + ˆj = q2
Þ a (– c) – a (b – c) + c (c) = 0
Þ – ac – ab + ac + c2 = 0
\ Angle between iˆ + ˆj and iˆ + 3 ˆj
Þ c2 = ab
Þ c is the geometric mean of a and b.
é ù
r ˆ ˆ r -1 (1)(1) + (1)(3)
78. (d) Let a = i - k , b = xiˆ + ˆj + (1- x )kˆ ` = cos ê ú
ê (1)2 + (1)2 (1) 2 + (3) 2 ú
r ë û
and c = yiˆ + xjˆ + (1 + x - y )kˆ
-1 é 1 + 3 ù -1 é 4 ù
iˆ ˆj kˆ = cos ê ú = cos ê ú
r r ë 2 10 û ë 2 10 û
(
Now, b ´ c = x 1) (1 - x)
y x (1 + x - y ) -1 é 2 ù
= cos ê ú and
ë 5û
= iˆ(1 + x - y - x + x 2 ) - ˆj ( x + x 2 - xy - y )
angle between iˆ + ˆj and (3iˆ + ˆj)
+ kˆ( x 2 - y )
-1 1+ 3
= iˆ(1 - y + x2 ) - ˆj ( x + x 2 - xy – y ) + kˆ( x 2 - y ) = cos
10 2
r r r
( )
Now, a. b ´ c = 1 (1–y + x2 ) + 0 (x + x2 – xy – y)
-1 æ 4 ö -1 æ 2 ö
= cos çè ÷ = cos çè ÷
– 1 (x2 – y) 2 10 ø 5ø
= 1 – y + x2 – x2 + y
Hence required vector is iˆ + ˆj
r r r
(
= 1 which shows that a. b ´ c does not depend) 81. (d) Let ABCD be a quadrilateral
on x and y. D C
uuur uur
79. (a) Let PQ = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj - m kˆ and PS = iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
where PQRS is a parallelogram.

iˆ ˆj kˆ
\ Area of parallelogram = 3 2 -m
1 3 1 A B
Vectors M-521
uuur uuur uuur uuur
AB + CB + CD + DA Þ 2+b+6–2= b 2 + 4b + 44
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
= AB + CB + CA Q CD + DA = CA ( ) Þ 8b = 8
Þ b= 1
uuur uuur uuur
= AB + CA + CB 84. (c) Let p = Magnitude of 3$i - 2 $j = 9 + 4 = 13
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
= CB + CB (
QAB + CA = CB ) q = Magnitude of 2$i + 2 $j + k$ = 4 + 4 + 1 = 3
uuur
= 2CB r = Magnitude of 4$i - $j + k$ = 16 + 1 + 1 = 18 = 3 2
82. (a) Let the vertices of the D ABC are A (3,–1,2),
B (1,–1,–3) and C (4, –3,1). s = Magnitude of 2$i + 2 $j + 3k$ = 4 + 4 + 9 = 17
uuur
Let OA = 3iˆ - ˆj + 2kˆ , \ r>s>p>q
uuur 85. (c) Let xi$ + y $j + zk$ is a unit vector..
OB = ˆi - ˆj - 3kˆ and
\ x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
uuur
OC = 4 iˆ - 3jˆ + k
Given x : y : z = 3 :2:3
1 uuur uuur Þx= 3 k, y = 2k and z = 3k
Area of D ABC = AB ´ AC
2
uuur \ ( 3 k)2 + (2k)2 + (3k)2 = 1
Now, AB = OA - OB = 2i$ + 5k$ Þ 3k2 + 4k2 + 9k2 = 1
uuur
AC = OA - OC = -$i + 2j$ + k$ 1 1
Þ k2 = Þk=
16 4
ˆi ˆj kˆ 1 3
1 Hence, z = 3k = 3 × =
\ Required Area = 2 0 5 4 4
2
-1 2 1 86. (c) Let vector xi$ + y $j + zk$ be perpendicular to vectors

4$i + 2 $j and - 3$i + 2 $j .

1
= ˆi ( -10) - ˆj ( 2 + 5) + kˆ ( 4 ) Their dot product is zero.
2
\ 4x + 2y = 0 ... (i)
1 and – 3x + 2y = 0 ... (ii)
= -10iˆ - 7 ˆj + 4kˆ From eqs. (i) and (ii),
2
x = 0, y = 0
1 1
= 100 + 49 + 16 = 165sq unit Hence, required vector is k$ .
2 2 r r
r r 87. (b) Since, u 4 = 2u 2
83. (d) Let A = ˆi + ˆj + k,
ˆ B = 2iˆ + 4ˆj - 5kˆ
r r
r \ u 2 is parallel to u 4 .
and C = biˆ + 2jˆ + 3kˆ Hence, only statement II is correct.
r r
Now, B + C = 2iˆ + 4ˆj - 5kˆ + biˆ + 2jˆ + 3kˆ 88. (c) Since, the points with position vectors 10$i + 3 $j ,

12$i - 5 $j , ai$ + 11$j are collinear..

= (2 + b) ˆi + 6ˆj - 2kˆ
r r 10 3 1
The unit vector parallel to B + C is
\ 12 -5 1 = 0
( 2 + b ) ˆi + 6ˆj - 2kˆ a 11 1
n̂ =
=
( 2 + b ) ˆi + 6ˆj - 2kˆ
( 2 + b) 2
+ 6 + ( -2 )
2 2
b2 + 4b + 44
Þ 10 (– 5 – 11) – 3 (12 – a) + 1 (132 + 5a) = 0
Þ – 160 – 36 + 3a + 132 + 5a = 0
Þ – 196 + 132 + 8a = 0
( )
Now, $i + $j + k$ × n$ = 1 Þ
2+b+6-2
=1 Þ 8a = 64
b2 + 4b + 44 Þa=8
 EBD_7346
M-522 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
89. (b) We know that, the angle between the vectors ®
94. (d) Let c is the unit vector perpendicular to both the
a1$i + b1 $j + c1 k$ and a2 $i + b2 $j + c2 k$ is given by
® ®
é ù vectors a and b .
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
cos q = ê ú So, A unit vector which is perpendicular to both the
ê a 2 + b2 + c 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ú
ë 1 1 1 2 2 2 û
æ® ®ö
çç a × b ÷÷
\ Angle between the vectors $i + 2 $j + 3k$ and ® ® è ø
vectors a and b is
- $i + 2 $j + 3k$ is given by
® ®
a× b
é1 ´ (-1) + 2 ´ 2 + 3 ´ 3 ù
cos q = ê ú
ë 1 + 4 + 9 1+ 4 + 9 û ® ®
95. (c) Let A = 10iˆ + 3jˆ , B = 12iˆ - 5jˆ
-1 + 4 + 9 12 6
= = = ®
14 14 7 and C = miˆ +11jˆ
Now, sin q = 1 - cos 2 q
® ®
Now, AB = 2iˆ - 8jˆ and BC = ( m - 12 ) ˆi + 16jˆ
36 49 - 36 13 13
= 1- = = =
49 49 49 7
ˆi ˆj kˆ
r r r ® ®
90. (a) Let the vector a lies in the plane of vectors b and c . AB´ BC = 2 –8 0 = 0
r r r
Þ a , b and c are coplanar.. m –12 16 0
r r r
\ a . (b × c )=0
r r = ˆi ( 0 ) - ˆj ( 0 ) + kˆ ( 32 + 8 m - 96 )
91. (b) Let a = $i - 2 $j + k$ and b = 4$i - 4 $j + 7k$
= k (– 64 + 8m) = 0 Þ 8m = 64
r r Þm=8
r r a .b
\ Projection of a on b = r 96. (d) Since the three vectors are coplanar, so one of them is
|b|
expressible as a linear combination of the other two.
r r
Now, a . b = 4 (1) + 4 (2) + 1 (7) = 19 \ (m, – 1, 2) = x(2, – 3, 4) + y (1, 2, – 1)
r Þ 2x + y = m ...(i)
and | b | = (4)2 + (4) 2 + (7)2 = 81 = 9 – 3x + 2y = –1 ...(ii)
rr and 4x – y = 2 ...(iii)
r r a.b 19
\ Projection of a on b = r = on solving equation (ii) and (iii) we get
b 9
3 2
x= and y =
® ® ® ® 5 5
92. (c) Let a and b are two vectors such that a . b = 0 and
æ 3ö 2
® ® ® ® \ from (i), 2 ç ÷ + = m
a × b = 0 then either a or b is a null vector.. è5ø 5

93. (d) Given vectors - iˆ - 2 x ˆj - 3 y kˆ and iˆ - 3x ˆj - 2 y kˆ 6 2 8

Þ + =mÞ =m
are orthogonal to each other. 5 5 5

( )( )
\ -iˆ - 2 x ˆj - 3 y kˆ . iˆ - 3x ˆj - 2 y kˆ = 0
97.
® ®
(a) Let OA = ˆi + 2jˆ + 3kˆ , OB = 2iˆ + 5jˆ - kˆ and
Þ (–1) (1) + (–2x) (–3x) + (–3y) (–2y) = 0
®
Þ – 1 + 6x2 + 6y2 = 0 OC = -ˆi + ˆj + 2kˆ be three position vectors.
Þ 6x2 + 6y2 = 1
® ® ®
2 Now, AB = OB - OA = ˆi + 3jˆ - 4kˆ
2 2 æ 1 ö
Þ x + y =ç ÷
è 6ø ® ® ®
Hence, locus of (x, y) is a circle. and AC = OC - OA = -2i$ - $j - k$
Vectors M-523
uuur uuur uuur uuur
101. (c) Consider PO + OQ = QO + OR
1 ® ®
\ Area of D ABC = AB´ AC uuur uuur uuur uuur
2 Þ OQ - QO = - PO + OR
uuur uuur uuur uuur
Þ OQ + OQ = OR + OP
ˆi ˆj kˆ
® ® uuur 1 uuur uuur
Now, AB´ AC = 1 3 -4 Þ OQ = OP + OR
2
( )
-2 -1 -1
Hence Q is the mid-point of P and R.
\ P, Q, R are collinear.
= ˆi ( -3 - 4 ) - ˆj ( -1 - 8 ) + kˆ ( -1 + 6 ) r r r r r r
102. (c) Three vectors x l a + y1 b + z1 c , x 2 a + y2 b + z 2 c and
= - 7iˆ + 9 ˆj + 5kˆ r r r
x 3 a + y3 b + z3 c will be coplanar iff
® ®
Now, AB´ AC = 155 x1 y1 z1
x2 y2 z2 = 0
155 x3 y3 z3
\ Required Area =
2 Here, x1 = 2, y1 = – 1, z1 = 1
98. (c) From the given vectors we can conclude that x2 = 1, y2 = 2, z2 = – 3
x3 = 3, y3 = m, z3 = 5
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ -1 ö æ 1 ö
A ç -1, , 4 ÷ , B ç1, , 4 ÷ , C ç1, , 4 ÷ , D ç -1, - , 4 ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø 2 -1 1
Length = AB = 2, BC = 1 1 2 -3 = 0
\
Area = AB × BC = 2 3 m 5
r r r
99. (c) Let a = ( 2,1, -1) , b = (1, -1,0 ) , c = ( 5, -1,1) Þ 2(10 + 3m) + 1(5 + 9) + 1(m – 6) = 0
r r r Þ 7m + 28 = 0 Þ m = – 4
\ a + b - c = ( -2,1, -2 )
103. (b) We have
r
Let n = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ be the unit vector which is || to (–2, rr r r
a.b a´b
1, – 2) in the opposite direction. cos q = r r and sin q = r r
a b a b
ˆi ˆj kˆ
r r r r
x y z =0 Given: a = 10, b = 2, a × b = 12
\ x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 and
- 2 1 -2 r r
12 a´b
Þ x = – 2y, y = y, z = – 2y \ cosq = and sinq =
20 20
1 Now, By squaring and adding, we get
x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 Þ 4y2 + y2 + 4y2 = 1 Þ y = ±
3 sin2q + cos2q = 1
Hence, the Required vector r r2
a´b 144 r r2
2 ˆj 2 Þ + = 1 Þ a ´ b = 256
n̂ = ˆi - + kˆ 400 400
3 3 3
r r r r
Þ a ´ b = 16
100. (c) Given a = b
r r r r 104. (c) Since both vectors are orthogonal \ their dot product
(
Consider a + b · a - b )( ) is zero.
rr rr rr rr \ 1(1) + (– x) (x) + (– y) (y) = 0
= a.a - a.b + b.a - b.b Þ 1 – x2 – y2 = 0
r2 r2 r2 r2 Þ x2 + y2 = 1
= a - b = a - a =0 Which is a circle.
r r r r
( )
Hence a + b is perpendicular to a - b . ( )
 EBD_7346
M-524 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r
105. (d) E (
110. (d) Let a = p -3iˆ - 2ˆj + 13kˆ )
= ( -3p ) iˆ + ( -2p ) ˆj + (13p ) kˆ
r
F 30° H It is given that a is of unit length
30°
r r
\ a =1 Þ a 2 = 1

G Þ (–3p) )(–3p) + (–2p) (–2p) + (13p) (13p) = 1

9p2 + 4p2 + 169p2 = 1
Rhombus EFGH, ÐEFG = 60°
ÐEFH = 30° = ÐHFG 1 1
Þ p2 = Þp=
From parallelogram of forces 182 182
uuur uuur uuur
FE + FG = FH 111. (b) The vector 2jˆ - kˆ lies in the plane of YZ.
uur uuur
Given | FE | + | FG | = a (say) D C
112. (d)
uuur 3r r
\ FH = 2. a= 3a
2
uuur uur uuur b b
EG = EF + EH

1 1
= a sin 30° + a sin 30° = a. + a. = a
2 2 A B
a
uuur
FH 3a uuur r r
Thus, uuur = = 3 BD = - a + b
EG a
uuur uuur r
So, FH = 3 EG 113. (b) Let b = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ
r ur r r
Þ m= 3 Since b . a = 0 and b . g = 0
r r r r
106. (c) a . b = 0 Þ a ^ b .... (i) 3b
\ c = 0 and 2a + 3b = 0 Þ a = -
r r r r 2
a ´ b = 0 Þ a || b .... (ii)
r 3b
r r Hence, b = - ˆi + bjˆ = 0 Þ - 3iˆ + 2ˆj = 0
From (i) and (ii) it is clear that a = 0 or b = 0 2
r r r r r ur r r r
( )
107. (d) a ´ b ´ a is coplanar with neither a nor b . 114. (a) Let a = a ˆi + b ˆj + c kˆ
ur r r r r
108. (a) Statement (1) : 4iˆ ´ 3iˆ = 0 (
Now, a. ˆi = a iˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ . ˆi = a )
ur r r r r
It is a true statement
( )
a. ˆj = a iˆ + b ˆj + c kˆ . ˆj = b
(Q ˆi ´ ˆi = 0 ) ur r r r r
a. kˆ = ( a ˆi + b ˆj + ckˆ ) . kˆ = c
4iˆ 4 r ur
Statement (2) : = Now, a ˆi + bjˆ + ckˆ = a
3iˆ 3
ur
It is a incorrect statement Thus, Required expression = a .
r r r r
4iˆ 4 115. (b) Since magnitude of a ´ b = magnitude of a . b
Q =
3iˆ 3 î r r r r
\ a ´b = a.b
( ) ( ) (
109. (a) Given lˆi + ˆj - kˆ ´ 3iˆ - 2ˆj + 4kˆ = 2iˆ - 11jˆ - 7kˆ ) r r r r
Þ a b sin q = a b cos q (By Definition)
Þ 2iˆ – ˆj ( 4 l + 3) + kˆ ( -2l - 3) = 2iˆ - 11jˆ - 7kˆ
Þ tan q = 1
Þ – 4 l – 3 = –11
Þ 4l = 8 Þ l =2 p
Þq=
4
Vectors M-525

r r2 r r2 r r
æ r 2 r2ö 124. (a) a + t b = (2 - t)iˆ + (2 + 2t) ˆj + (3 + t)kˆ
116. (b) Consider a + b + a - b = 2 ç a + b ÷ r r r
è ø (a + tb) and c is perpendicular. Therefore,
r r r r r r r
By putting the values of a , b and a + b , we get (a + tb).c = 0
3 (2 – t) + 2 + 2t = 0
r r2
6 + a - b = 2 ( 2 + 3) 6 – 3t + 2t + 2 = 0
t=8
r r uuur
Þ a -b = 2 125. (a) BA = 4iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
uuur ˆ ˆ ˆ
117. (d) One vector will be normal to the other vector if their dot BC = 2i - j - k
product will be zero. A
Since none option satisfies the condition of normality.
Therefore option (d) is correct.
4 (1) - 4 (1)
118. (c) Angle b/w the vectors is cos q = =0
32 3

p q
Þq=
2 B C
uuur uuur
p p BA. BC
Hence, cos q + sin q = cos + sin = 0 + 1 = 1. cos B = uuur uuur
2 2 | BA | | BC |

p (iˆ - mj).(
ˆ ˆj + k)
ˆ (4iˆ + ˆj + k).(2i
ˆ ˆ - ˆj - k)
ˆ
119. (d) cos = =
3
1 + m2 12 + l2 | 42 + 12 + 12 | | 2 2 + (-1) 2 + (-1) 2 |

6 1
1 -m = =
= 18 6 3
2 1+ m2 . 2
1 uuur uuur
2 126. (b) Area of triangle ABC = | BA ´ BC |
1 m 2
=
2 1 + m2 ˆi ˆj kˆ
m=±1 uuur uuur
120. (d) (iˆ - ˆj) ´ (ˆj) BA ´ BC = 4 1 1
2 -1 -1
= ˆi ´ iˆ - ˆj ´ ˆj = k̂ ˆ - ˆj( -6) + k(
ˆ -6)
uuur = i(0)
121. (c) AB = -2iˆ + 6ˆj - 3kˆ uuur uuur
| BA ´ BC | = | 6jˆ - 6kˆ | = 62 + ( -6)2
uuur
| AB | = ( -2)2 + 62 + (-3)2 = 49 = 7 =6 2
122. (d) (iˆ - 2xjˆ - 3yk).(i
ˆ ˆ + 3xjˆ + 2yk)
ˆ =0 1
Area of triangle =´6 2 =3 2
1 – 6x2 – 6y2 = 0 2
– 6x2 – 6y2 = –1 æ 2 + 0 3 + 1 1 - 1ö
127. (c) Mid-point of A and C, çè , , ÷ = (1, 2, 0)
1 2 2 2 ø
x2 + y2 =
6 æ -2 + 0 2 + 1 0 - 1ö
Mid-point of B and C, çè , , ÷
æ 1ö
2 2 2 2 ø
x2 + y2 = ç
ç 6 ÷÷ æ 3 -1ö
è ø = çè -1, , ÷ø
2 2
Hence, locus of the point i.e. a circle.
2 2
123. (a) | P(2iˆ - ˆj + 2k)
ˆ | =3 æ 3ö æ 1ö
Magnitude = (1 + 1)2 + ç 2 - ÷ + ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø
P 22 + (-1)2 + 22 = 3
1 1 3
= 4+ + = units
3P = 3 Þ P = 1 4 4 2
 EBD_7346
M-526 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r r 135. (c) Since, |a + b| = |a – b|
r a.b (iˆ - 2ˆj + k).(4i
ˆ ˆ - 4jˆ + 7k)
ˆ
r
128. (b) Projection of a on b = r = 2 2 2
Þ [|a + b|]2 = [a – b]2
|b| | 4 + ( -4) + 7 | Þ a.a + b . b + a. b + b . a = a. a + b.b – a.b – b.a
19 Þ 4a . b = 0 (Q a. b = b.a)
= Þa.b=0
9
r r r r Hence, a is perpendicular to b.
129. (a) Vector perpendicular to a and b = a ´ b
1 uuur uuur
136. (b) Area of DOAB = | |
ˆi ˆj kˆ 2 OA ´ OB
1 -2 1
= = î (–14 + 4) –j (7 – 4) + k̂ (– 4 + 8) ˆi ˆj kˆ
4 -4 7
uuur uuur 3 -1 1
\ OA ´ OB =
= -10iˆ - 3jˆ + 4kˆ 2 1 -3
130. (c) cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1
cos2 60° + cos2 30° + cos2 g = 1 = ˆi[3 - 1] - ˆj[ -9 - 2] + k[3
ˆ + 2]
1 3
+ + cos2 g = 1 = 2iˆ + 11jˆ + 5kˆ
4 4
uuur uuur
cos2 g = 0 Þ g = 90° \ | OA ´ OB | = 22 + 112 + 52 = 150 = 5 6
131. (a) r = < l, m, n > ; r = < cos 60°, cos 30°, cos90° >
1 5 6
Direction cosines of rr = < ,
1 3 \ Required area = ´5 6 = sq. units
,0 > 2 2
2 2
r r
r
132. (b) Let angle between a and b be q. 137. (a) According to question ar = -iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and b = iˆ - ˆj + kˆ
r r r r r r
| a + b | = | a |2 + | b |2 +2 | a | b | cos q | iˆ ˆj kˆ
r r
10
3 = 49 + 121 + 2 ´ 7 ´ 11cos q Then, a × b = -1 1 1
300 = 170 + 154 cos q 1 -1 1
154 cos q = 130
r r r r r r = iˆ [1 + 1] - ˆj [-1 - 1] + kˆ[1 - 1]
| a – b |= | a |2 + | b |2 – 2 | a || b | cos q
r r = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 0 = 2(iˆ + ˆj)
| a – b | = 170 –154cos q
r r r
| a – b |= 170 –130 = 40 or 2 10 and | ar × b | = 4 + 4 = 2 2
r r r r 2(iˆ + ˆj) iˆ + ˆj
133. (d) Let angle between (a + b) and (a – b) be a
\ Required unit vector = ± =±
r r r r 2 2 2
(a + b) (a – b)
cos a = r r r r
| a + b || a – b | 1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
138. (a) Let ar = i+ j+k
2 2
(7) 2 – (11) 2 (7 + 11)(7 – 11) –18
= = =
10 3 ´ 2 10 20 3 ´ 10 5 30 r 1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
i- j+ k
and b =
–6 ´ 3 30 3 30
2 2
= ´ =–
25 rr
5 30 30 a.b
\ cos q = r r
æ –3 6 ö | a || b |
a = cos–1 çç ÷÷
è 5 5ø
æ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆö æ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆö
134. (a) Given |a| = 2, |b| = 5 and |a × b| = 8 ç i+ j + k ÷ .ç i- j+k÷
Also |a × b| = |a| . |b| . |sin q| è 2 2 øè 2 2 ø
= 1 1 1 1
8 4 + +1 + +1
Þ |sin q| = = 2 2 2 2
2´5 5
3 3
Þ |cos q| = Þ cos q = ± 1 é1 1 ù 1
5 5 = - + 1 = = cos 60°
2 êë 2 2 úû 2
3
\ a.b = |a| . |b| cos q = 2 ´ 5 ´ =6
5 \ q = 60°
Vectors M-527
r
139. (a) Let ar = lˆi + (1 + l) j + (1 + 2l)kˆ 1 uuur uuur
r
144. (d) Area of DABC =
2
(
AB ´ AC )
and b = (1 - l )iˆ + lˆj + 2kˆ $i $j k$
For a and b to be perpendicular, we should have 1
= –2 3 2
2
r r r r p –4 5 2
a . b = | a | | b | cos = 0
2
1 é$
Þ [lˆi + (1 + l)ˆj + (1 + 2l)k].[(1
ˆ - l)iˆ + lˆj + 2k]
ˆ =0 = i (6 – 10) – $j ( – 4 + 8) + k$ ( –10 + 12)ùû
2ë
Þ l - l 2 + l + l 2 + 2 + 4l = 0 1
= éë – 4i$ – 4j$ + 2k$ ùû
Þ 6l = – 2 2
2 1 1 1 1
=- = 16 + 16 + 4 = 36 = × 6
\l=– 2 2 2
6 3
= 3 square units
Sol. (Qs. 140–143) \ Option (d) is correct.
r ur uur
We have, ar + b + rc = 0 ...(i) 145. (a) Moment of force, m = r ´ F
On squaring both sides request. $i $j k$
r r r rr rr rr
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 0 m = 2 –2 –3
rr rr rr rr rr rr
(Q a.b = b.a, b.c = c.b and c.a = a.c ) 3 4 –3
Þ |a|2 + |b|2 + |c|2 = –2 [a.b + b.c + c.a]
Þ (3)2 + (5)2 + (7)2 = – 2 [a.b + b.c + c.a] = $i (6 + 12) – $j (– 6 + 9) + k$ (8 + 6)

9 + 25 + 49 83 = 18 $i – 3 $j + 14 k$
Þ a.b + b.c + c.a = =-
-2 2 = (18)2 + ( –3)2 + (14)2
Now a + b + c = 0 [using eq. (i)]
Þa+b=–c = 529 = 23 units.
r r uur
On squaring both sides, we get 146. (a) u – v = w
Þ a2 + b2 + 2a.b = c2 ur r ur r ur r
Þ (3)2 + (5)2 + 2ab = (7)2 ( ) ( )
2x a + y b – 2y a + 3x b = 2 a – 5 b
ur r ur r
r 15 ( 2x – 2y) a + ( y – 3x ) b = 2 a – 5 b
Þ ar . b = \ 2x – 2y = 2 ... (i)
2
and 3x – y = 5 ... (ii)
r 15 15 Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
Þ | ar | | b | cos q = Þ 3.5 cos q = x = 2 and y = 1
2 2
\ Option (a) is correct.
1 p r r r r
Þ cos q = = cos 147. (d) a = 7, b = 11 and a + b = 10 3
2 3
r r 2 r 2 r 2 r r
p Now a + b = a + b + 2 a b cos q
\ q=
3
(10 3 )
2
\ = 49 + 121 + 2 × 7 × 7 cos q
From eq. (i),
r r r \ 300 = 170 + 154 cos q
b + c =– a
300 – 170
Þ b2 + c2 + 2b.c = a2 = cos q
Þ 2b.c = a2 – b2 – c2 = 9 – 25 – 49 = – 65 154
65
65 65 \ = cos q
Þ b.c = – Þ |b| |c| cos q = – 77
2 2 r r 2 r 2 r 2 r r
Now, a – b = a + b – 2 a b cos q
65 1 1 13
Þ cos q = ´ ´ =-
2 5 7 14 65
r = (7)2 + (11)2 – 2 × 7 × 11 ×
Also, | ar + b | = |– rc | = | rc | = 7 77
= 49 + 121 – 2 × 65
140. (c) = 170 – 130 = 40
141. (b) r r
\ a – b = 40 = 2 10
142. (d)
143. (a) \ Option (d) is correct.
 EBD_7346
M-528 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
148. (b) a, b and g be distinct real numbers uuur r
153. (c) OB = b
r uuur r
a = a $i + b $j + g k$ OC = c
r uuur uuur
b = b $i + g $j + a k$ BD = 4BC
r uuur uuur uuur uuur
c = g $i + a $j + b k$ BO + OD = 4 BO + OC ( )
Let a = 1, b = 2 and g = 3 uuur uuur uuur
r OD = 3BO + 4OC
then, a = ˆi + 2ˆj + 3kˆ uuur uuur uuur
r OD = 4OC - 3OB
b = 2iˆ + 3jˆ + kˆ uuur r r
r OD = 4c - 3b
c = 3iˆ + 2ˆj + 2kˆ
uur 154. (b)
( 5 - 0 )2 + ( n - 0 ) 2 = 13
Now, ab = ( 2 - 1) + ( 3 - 2) + (1 - 3) = 6
2 2 2

uur uur 25 + n2 = 169

Similarly bc = ac = 6 n2 = 144
Hence, point for equilateral triangle. n = ±12
r r r r
149. (c) According to statements (1) and (2), 155. (d) a ´ b = a b sin qnˆ
r r r r
when a + b + c = 0, then both statements are correct. r r r r
r r r r r r r r r \ a ´ b = a b sin q = 6 sin q
If a ´ b = b ´ c = c ´ a = 0, then a, b and c are rr r r
collinear. & a.b = a b cos q = 6 cos q
Therefore, option (c) is correct.
r r2 rr2
a ´ b + a.b = ( 6sin q ) + ( 6cos q)
2 2
r r r r
150. (c) If a + b = a – b

(
r r r r
)( )
r
We know that when a + b × a – b = 0, then a is
( 2 2
= 36 sin q + cos q )
r = 36
perpendicular to b. r r r r
rr rr rr rr 156. (c) a+b £ a + b
= a.a – a.b + b.a – b.b = 0 r r r r
r r
a is perpendicular to b a-b ³ a - b
\ Option (c) is correct. both are correct.
151. (b) Length of diagonal
157. (b) â - bˆ = 3
= D = 32 + 42
ÞD=5
( 3)
2 2
Þ â - bˆ =
1 25
\ Area = (D) =
2

2 2 Þ a.a ˆ ˆ - 2a.b
ˆ ˆ + b.b ˆ ˆ =3
= 12.5 units
152. (a) ˆ ˆ = -1
Þ 2a.b
2

D Now; aˆ + bˆ = a.a ˆ ˆ + 2a.b

ˆ ˆ + b.b ˆ ˆ =1+1–1
C
2
P Þ â + bˆ = 1

Þ â + bˆ = 1
A B 158. (b) If three vectors are co-planar.
O a a g
1 0 1 =0
Þ
g g b
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
Q OA = OP - AP ; OB = OP + PB; Þ a [ 0 - g ] - a [b - g ] + g [ g - 0 ] = 0
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
OC = OP + PC & OD = OP - DP;
uuur uuur uuur uuur Þ – ag - ab + ag + g 2 = 0
Also, AP = PC & DP = PB
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur Þ g 2 = ab
\ OA + OB + OC + OD = 4OP
Þ So a, g, b are in G.P.
Vectors M-529
r r r r r r r
159. (c) ( ) (
a -d ´ b-c ) 163. (a) Position vectors of vertices A, B and C are a, b and c .
r r r r r r r r
= a ´ b - d´ b - a ´c + d´c A
r r r r r r r r
= c´d - d ´ b - b´d - c´d
r r r r
= -d ´ b + d ´ b
= 0 P N
r r r r
(
again a ´ b = c ´ d ) ( ) given O
r r r r r r r r r r
Þ (a ´ b) ´ (c ´ d) = (c ´ d) ´ (c ´ d) = 0 as a ´ a = 0 ( )
So both (1) and (2) are correct. B M C
r r
160. (b) a and b are two unit vectors.
Q triangle is equilateral.
Q Hence,
r r \ Centroid and orthocenter will coincide.
| a + b |2 = (aˆ + bˆ).(aˆ + bˆ) Centroid º orthocenter position vector
= aˆ . aˆ + aˆ . bˆ + bˆ . aˆ + bˆ . bˆ 1 r r r
= ( a + b + c)
= aˆ . aˆ + bˆ . bˆ + 2aˆ . bˆ 3
Q given in question orthocenter is at origin.
=| aˆ |2 +2 | aˆ || bˆ | cos q+ | bˆ || bˆ |
1 r r r
= 1 + 2cos q + 1 [Q bˆ, aˆ are unit vector] Hence ( a + b + c) = 0
3
= 2(1+cosq) r r r
q a +b + c = 0
| aˆ + bˆ |2 = 2.2 cos 2
2 uuur
164. (c) Diagonal d1, AC = 3i + j - 2k
q | aˆ + bˆ | uuur
cos = Diagonal d2, BD = i - 3 j + 4k
2 2
161. (a) | aˆ - b | = (aˆ - bˆ).(aˆ - bˆ)
ˆ 2
D
C
= aˆ . aˆ - bˆ . aˆ - aˆ . bˆ + bˆ .bˆ
=| aˆ |2 -2 | aˆ || bˆ | cos q+ | bˆ |2
= 2 – 2 cosq M
= 2 (1 – cosq)
q
| aˆ - bˆ |2 = 2.2sin 2 A B
2
ˆ
sin =
q | aˆ - b | 1 uur uur
Area of parallelogram is | d1 ´ d 2 |
2 2 2
ur
162. (b) A = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
ur iˆ ˆj kˆ
B = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj - kˆ 1
Hence area = 2 3 1 -2
iˆ ˆj kˆ 1 -3 4
ur ur
A´ B = 1 1 1
2 3 -1 1 ˆ
= |[i (4 - 6) - ˆj(12 + 2) + kˆ(-9 - 1)] |
2
= iˆ(-1 - 3) - ˆj (-1 - 2) + kˆ(3 - 2)
1
= -4iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ = | -2iˆ - 14 ˆj - 10kˆ |
2
Vector of unit length orthogonal to both the vectors
ur ur 1
A and B = 4 + 196 + 100
ur ur 2
A´ B
= ur ur 10 3
| A´ B| = = 5 3 square units
2
-4i + 3 j + k -4iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
= =
16 + 9 + 1 26
 EBD_7346
M-530 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r r
165. (a) Since c is parallel to a æ1ö
r r Þ q = cos -1 ç ÷ Þ q = 60°
c = la è2ø
r r ur r ur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
Now b = c + d = l a + d 169. (b) AB × AC + BC × BA + CA × CB
= ( AB × AC × cos q) + ( BC × BA × cos(90 - q ))
= l(iˆ + ˆj ) + xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ
+ (CA × CB × cos 90)
3iˆ + 4kˆ = (l + x )iˆ + (l + y ) ˆj + zkˆ
Comparing we get = ( p × x × cos q) + ( y × p × sin q) + 0
A
z = 4, l + y = 0, l + x = 3 Þ –y + x = 3 (From (1)) = p[ x cos q + y sin q]
Þ l = –y ...(1) Þ x – y = 3 ...(2) q
By projection formula :
ur r x p 90° – q
Now d is ^r to a p = x cos q + y cos(90 - q) 90°
So, cos q = 0 y B
= x cos q + y sin q C
Þx+y=0 ...(3)
Solving (2) and (3) we get \ p[ x cos q + y sin q] = p ´ p = p 2 .
2x = 3 170. (c) Let point P is (1, –1, 2)
3 3 and point Q is (2, –1, 3)
Þ x= , y=-
2 2 Þ Position vector of P w.r.t. Q is
r r
r
3
Þ c = l (a ) = (iˆ + ˆj ) r = (1 - 2)iˆ + (-1 + 1) ˆj + (2 - 3)kˆ
2 r ur
Þ r = -iˆ + 0 ˆj - kˆ and F = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj - 4kˆ
3 3
166. (d) Since z = 4 and x = , y = - .
2 2 iˆ ˆj kˆ
So, neither 1 nor 2 is correct. r ur
Þ Moment = r ´ F = -1 0 -1
r r r r
167. (b) We have a + b + c = 0 3 2 -4
r r r
So | a + b + c |= 0
r r r r r r r r r r r r = iˆ(0 + 2) - ˆj (4 + 3) + kˆ(-2 + 0) = 2iˆ - 7 ˆj - 2kˆ
Þ| a + b + c |2 = | a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2 +2(a × b + b × c + c × a ) r r
r r r r r r 171. (d) a = $i - $j + k$ , b = 2i$ + 3j$ + 2k$
Þ 0 = (10)2 + (6) 2 + (14)2 + 2(a × b + b × c + c × a) r r
r r r r r r and c = $i + m$j + nk$ ; c = 6
Þ 0 = 100 + 36 + 196 + 2(a × b + b × c + c × a)
r r r
Given, a, b, c are coplanar..
332 r r r r r r
Þ- = a×b + b ×c + c ×a
2 So, 1 -1 1
r r r r r r
Þ -166 = a × b + b × c + c × a 2 3 2 =0
r r r
168. (c) Since a + b + c = 0 1 m n
r r r
Þ a + b = -c c1 ® c1 + c2 c3 ® c3 + c2
r r r r
Þ | a + b | = | -c | = | c | 0 1 0
r r r Þ
5 3 5 =0
Þ | a + b |2 = | c |2
1+ m m m + n
r r r r r
Þ | a |2 + | b |2 + 2(a × b) = | c |2 Þ 0 + 1 (5m + 5n) – (5 + 5m) = 0
r r Þ 5m + 5n – 5 – 5m = 0 Þ 5n = 5 Þ n = 1
Þ (10) 2 + (6) 2 + 2(a × b) = (14)2
r r r
Þ 2(a × b) = 60 c = 6 Þ 1 + m2 + n 2 = 6
r r Þ 1 + m2 + n2 = 6 Þ 2 + m2 = 6 Þ m2 = 4 Þ m = ±2
Þ a × b = 30
r r 172. (b) From the figure, observe that
a ×b 30 1 uuur uuur uuur
Þ cos q = r r = = OA + AP = OP
| a || b | 10 ´ 6 2
Vectors M-531
r r r
D Þ a ^b^c
C
r r r
P Also, b ´ c = a
O
r r r
Þ b c sin 90° = a
A B r r r
uuur uuur uuur Þ b ·c = a
Similarly, OB + BP = OP
r r
uuur uuur uuur Þ c = a (from (i))
OC + CP = OP
uuur uuur uuur r r
OD + DP = OP 175. (b) a = 2i$ + 3j$ + 4k$ and b = 3i$ + 2$j - l k$
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur r r
Þ OA + OB + OC + OD + AP Given, a , b are ^ r .
uuur uuur uuur uuur r r
+BP + CP + DP = 4OP ® (i) \ a.b=0
In a parallelogram, diagonals bisect each other.
uuur uuur Þ a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0
\ AP = PC (\ Since AP = CP) Þ 6 + 6 – 4l = 0
uuur uuur
Þ AP = -PC Þ 4l = 12 Þ l = 3.
uuur uuur 176. (c) We know, cos2a + cos2b + cos2g = 1
Þ AP + PC = O
uuur uuur Þ cos2a + cos2b = 1 – cos2g = sin2g
Similarly BP + DP = O
\ Statement 1 is correct.
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
\ (i) Þ OA + OB + OC + OD = 4OP Now, cos2a + cos2b + cos2g = 1
173. (b) Þ 1 – sin2a + 1 – sin2b + 1 – sin2g = 1
A B
Þ 3 – (sin2a + sin2b + sin2g) = 1 Þ sin2a + sin2b + sin2g
= 2.
\ Statement 3 is correct.
D C r
uuur uuur uuur 177. (b) a = ˆi + 2jˆ - kˆ
BA + AD = BD ...(i)
r
uuur uuur uuur b = 2iˆ - ˆj + 3kˆ
CD + DA = CA ...(ii)
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur r
(
(i) + (ii) Þ BA + CD = BD + CA Q AD, DA cancel ) g = 2iˆ + ˆj + 6kˆ
r r r r r r r
174. (a) a ´ b = c , b´c = a Let d = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ
r r r r r r r r
Þ c^a & c^b Since a and d are perpendicular,, a×d× =0
r r r Þ a + 2b – c = 0 ....(1)
Þ a ^b^c
r r r r
r r r b and d are perpendicular,, b × d = 0
a, b, c are orthogonal.
r r r Þ 2a – b + 3c = 0 ....(2)
Now, a ´ b = c
a b c a b c
r r r from (1), (2), = = Þ = = = x ( say)
Þ a b sin 90° = c 5 -5 - 5 1 -1 -1
r r r So, a = x, b = –x, c = –x
Þ a b = c r r
Also, it is given g × d = 10.
r r r r
Þ b c b = c Þ 2a + b + 6c = 10
Þ 2x – x – 6x = 10
r2
Þ b =1 Þ –5x = 10
r
Þ x = –2.
Þ b =1 ...(i) r
\d = -2iˆ + 2jˆ + 2kˆ .
r r r
b´c = a
 EBD_7346
M-532 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
r Þ a(b – 1) (c – 1) – (1 – a) (c – 1) – (1 – a) (b – 1) = 0
\ d = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 = 2 3.
Divide both sides by (1 – a) (1 – b) (1 – c)

178. (a) ( aˆ + bˆ ) ´ ( aˆ ´ bˆ ) Þ
a ( b - 1)( c - 1)
-
(1 - a )( c - 1)
(1 - a )(1 - b )(1 - c) (1 - a )(1 - b )(1 - c )
= aˆ ´ ( aˆ ´ bˆ ) + bˆ ´ ( aˆ ´ bˆ )
-
(1 - a )( b - 1) = 0
(1 - a )(1 - b)(1 - c ) (1 - a )(1 - b )(1 - c )
= ( aˆ × bˆ ) aˆ - ( aˆ × aˆ ) bˆ + ( bˆ × bˆ ) aˆ - ( bˆ × aˆ ) bˆ
a 1 1
Þ + + =0
= laˆ - bˆ + aˆ - lbˆ 1- a 1- b 1- c

( ) (
= l aˆ - bˆ + 1 aˆ - bˆ . ) Þ
1
+
1
=-
a
.
1- b 1- c 1- a
(
= ( l + 1) aˆ - bˆ ) Add
1
on both sides.
1- a
ˆ
So, it is parallel to â - b.
r 1 1 1 1 a 1- a
Þ + + = - = = 1.
179. (c) F = ˆi + 3jˆ + 2kˆ 1- a 1- b 1- c 1- a 1- a 1- a
uuur r r
AB = ( 3 - 1) iˆ + ( -1 - 2 ) ˆj + ( 5 - ( -3) ) kˆ 182. (a) a = 2, b = 7.
r r
= 2iˆ - 3jˆ + 8kˆ a ´ b = 3iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ
r uuur r r r r
(
Work done = F × AB = iˆ + 3jˆ + 2kˆ × 2iˆ - 3jˆ + 8kˆ )( ) We know, a ´ b = a b sin q . nˆ where nˆ is unit
vector.
= (1 × 2) + (3 × (–3)) + (2 × 8) r r r r
= 2 – 9 + 16 = 9 units. Þ a ´ b = a b sin q
r
180. (b) Let a = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ Þ 3iˆ + 2ˆj + 6kˆ = ( 2)( 7 ) sin q
r 2
a ´ ˆi = y2 + z 2 Þ 9 + 4 + 36 = ( 2)( 7 ) sin q .

r 2 Þ ±7 = (2) (7) sin q.

a ´ ˆj = x 2 + z 2
1
\ sin q = ± .
r 2 2
a ´ kˆ = x 2 + y2
sin q is acute angle, q = 30°
r 2 r 2 r 2 183. (a) R divides PQ internally in ratio 2:3
\ a ´ ˆi + a ´ ˆj + a ´ kˆ
y
2 2 2 2 2 2
= y +z +x +z +x +y S
= 2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 3
Q
= 2(x2 + y2 + z2) 2
r2
=2a 2 R
q
181. (b) aiˆ + ˆj + k,
ˆ ˆi + bjˆ + kˆ and ˆi + ˆj + ckˆ are coplanar.. 3
P
p
a 1 1 x
0
i.e., 1 b 1 =0
1 1 c uuur 2qr + 3pr
\ OR = ....(1)
c2 ® c2 – c3; c3 ® c3 – c1 5
S divides PQ externally in ratio 2:3
a 1- a 1- a
uuur 2qr - 3pr r r
1 b -1 0 =0 OS = = 3p - 2q ....(2)
2-3
1 0 c -1
Vectors M-533
uuur uuur
Given, OR and OS are perpendicular.. 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
= i+ j- k
r r 3 3 3
æ 3p + 2q ö r r
\ç ÷ ( 3p - 2q ) = 0 190. (d) r r 2 r r 2 r 2
r 2
è 5 ø a + b + a - b = 2{ a + b } = 2 × 25 = 50
Þ 9p2 – 4q2 = 0 Þ 9p2 = 4q2
Þ r r 2
a + b + 25 = 50
r
( ) (
184. (a) r = 2iˆ - ˆj + 3kˆ - ˆi + 2ˆj - kˆ ) Þ r r 2
a + b = 25
(
= ˆi - 3ˆj + 4kˆ ) Þ
r r
a +b =5
r
Moment (t) = rr ´ f r r r
191. (c) For simplicity let us take a, b , c as iˆ, ˆj , kˆ
( ) (
= ˆi - 3jˆ + 4kˆ ´ 3iˆ + kˆ ) ur ur ur
Now magnitude of A, B and C will be 3 .
r r r r
= -3iˆ + 11jˆ + 9kˆ 192. (c) (a - b ) ´ (a + b )
185. (d) r r r r ....(1) r r r r r r r r
a + 2b + 3c = 0 = a ´a + a ´b -b ´a –b ´b
r r r r r r r r r r r r
a ´b+b´c+c´a = l b´c ( ) ....(2) = 0+a ´b +a ´b –0
r r r r r r r
r r
= 2(a ´ b )
(1) ´ b Þ b ´ a + 2b ´ b + 3b ´ c = 0 r
r r r r 193. (c) rt = rr ´ F = (iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ) ´ lkˆ
Þ -a ´ b + 0 + 3b ´ c = 0
r r r r = 2liˆ – lˆj
Þ a ´ b = 3b ´ c ....(3) r
Þ t = 5l
r r r r r r r
(1) ´ c Þ c ´ a + 2c ´ b + 3c ´ c = 0 194. (a) From triangle law of vector addition
uuur uuur uuur
r r r r AB + BC + CA = 0
Þ c ´ a - 2b ´ c + 0 = 0
r r r r Only statement (1) is correct.
Þ c ´ a = 2b ´ c ....(4) r
195. (b) a = iˆ - 2 ˆj + 5kˆ
r r r r r r r r
\ ( 2) Þ a ´ b + b ´ c + c ´ a = l b ´ c ( ) r
b = 2iˆ + ˆj - 3kˆ
r r r r r r r r r r
(
Þ 3b ´ c + b ´ c + 2 b ´ c = l b ´ c ) ( ) b - a = 2iˆ + ˆj - 3kˆ - (iˆ - 2 ˆj + 5kˆ)

(from (3), (4)) = iˆ(2 - 1) + ˆj (1 + 2) + kˆ(-3 - 5) = iˆ + 3 ˆj - 8kˆ

r r r r
r r
3a + b = 3(iˆ - 2 ˆj + 5kˆ) + (2iˆ + ˆj - 3kˆ)
(
Þ 6 b´c = l b´c) ( )
= 3iˆ - 6 ˆj + 15kˆ + 2iˆ + ˆj - 3kˆ
\ l=6
r r = iˆ(3 + 2) + ˆj(-6 + 1) + kˆ(15 - 3)
186. (b) Given, k and A are parallel vectors.
r = 5iˆ - 5 ˆj + 12kˆ
we know, cross product of parallel vectors is O . r r r r
r r r r 2 rr 2 (b - a ).(3a + b ) = (iˆ + 3 ˆj - 8kˆ).(5iˆ - 5 ˆj + 12kˆ)
187. (a) ( a + b ).( a + b ) = a + 2a.b + b = a2 + b2 = (1) (5) + (3) (–5) + (–8) (12)
rr r r = 5 – 15 – 96 = –106
Þ a.b = 0 Þ a ^ b uuur
196. (d) Given, OA = 3iˆ - 2 ˆj + kˆ
188. (d) ( xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ ).(iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = x + y + z uuur
OB = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj - 3kˆ
iˆ ˆj kˆ uuur uuur uuur
AB = OB - OA
2 -1 1
189. (a) = (2iˆ + 4 ˆj - 3kˆ) - (3iˆ - 2 ˆj + kˆ)
3 -4 -1
= iˆ(2 - 3) + ˆj (4 + 2) + kˆ(-3 - 1)
= iˆ(1 + 4) - ˆj ( -2 - 3) + kˆ ( -8 + 3) = -iˆ + 6 ˆj - 4kˆ
= 5iˆ + 5 ˆj - 5kˆ
Length of AB = (-1)2 + (6)2 + (-4)2
5 ˆ 5 ˆ 5 ˆ
Unit vector = i+ j- k = 1 + 36 + 16 = 53
5 3 5 3 5 3
 EBD_7346
M-534 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
197. (a) Hypotenuse, AC = P = (2)(4) + (–6) (3) + (–3) (– 1)
BC is perpendicular to AB. = 8 – 18 + 3 = –7
r r -7
Þ| a || b | cos q = -7 Þ cos q = r r
| a || b |
-7 -1
= =
49 26 26
2
2 æ -1 ö 1
sin q = 1 - cos q = 1 - ç ÷ = 1-
è 26 ø 26
uuur uuur
\ BC × BA = 0 25 5
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur = =
\ AB × AC + BC × BA + CA × CB 26 26
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur 199. (d) Given vectors are 3iˆ + 4 ˆj - kˆ and -2iˆ + lˆj + 10kˆ.
= AB × AC + 0 + AC . BC = AC AB + BC ( ) If these are perpendicular, dot product is 0.
uuur uuur uuur 2
= AC × AC = AC = P2 (3iˆ + 4 ˆj - kˆ).(-2iˆ + lˆj + 10kˆ) = 0
r
198. (b) Given, a = 2iˆ - 6 ˆj - 3kˆ Þ (3) (–2) + (4) (l) + (– 10) = 0
r Þ – 6 + 4l – 10 = 0
b = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj - kˆ Þ 4l = 16
rr Þl=4
a.b = (2iˆ - 6 ˆj - 3kˆ).(4iˆ + 3 ˆj - kˆ)
3D-Geometry M-535

3-D Geometry 23
1. Consider the points (a – 1, a, a + 1), (a, a + 1, a – 1) and 6. If the centre of the sphere
(a + 1, a – 1, a). ax2 + by2 + cz2 – 2x + 4y + 2z – 3 = 0 is (1/2, – 1, – 1/2), what
1. These points always form the vertices of an equilateral is the value of b ?
triangle for any real value of a. (a) 1 (b) – 1
2. The area of the triangle formed by these points is (c) 2 (d) – 2 [2006-II]
independent of a. 7. What is the length of the perpendicular from the origin to
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only the plane ax + by + 2ab z = 1?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [2006-I] (a) 1/(ab) (b) 1/(a + b)
2. What are coordinates of the point equidistant from the points (c) a + b (d) ab [2006-II]
(a, 0, 0), (0, a, 0), (0, 0, a) and (0, 0, 0) ? 8. If the direction ratios of the normal to a plane are < l, m, n >
and the length of the normal is p, then what is the sum of
æa a aö æa a aö
(a) ç , , ÷ (b) ç , , ÷ intercepts cut-off by the plane from the coordinate axes ?
è3 3 3ø è2 2 2ø
(c) (a, a, a) (d) (2a, 2a, 2a) [2006-I] æ1 1 1ö
(a) pç + + ÷
3. A line makes 45° with positive x-axis and makes equal angles èl m nø
with positive y, z axes, respectively. What is the sum of the
three angles which the line makes with positive x, y and z (b) p (l 2 + m 2 + n 2 )
axes ?
(a) 180° (b) 165° æ1 1 1 ö
(c) p (l 2 + m 2 + n 2 ) ç + + ÷
(c) 150° (d) 135° [2006-I] èl m nø
4. What is the angle between the two lines whose direction
numbers are ( 3 - 1, - 3 - 1, 4 ) and ( - 3 - 1, 3 - 1, 4 ) ? p æ1 1 1 ö
(d) ç + + ÷ [2006-II]
(l + m + n ) è l m n ø
2 2 2
p p
(a) (b) 9. How many arbitrary constants are there in the equation of
6 4
a plane ?
p p (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) (d) [2006-I]
3 2 (c) 4 (d) Any finite number
5. Consider the following statements: [2006-II]
1. Equations ax + by + cz + d = 0, a'x + b'y + c'z + d' = 0 10. If P, Q are (2, 5, –7), (–3, 2, 1) respectively, then what are
represent a straight line. the direction ratios of the line PQ?
2. Equation of the form (a) < 10, 6, –16 > (b) < 5, 3, 8 >
(c) < – 5, – 3, – 8 > (d) None of these
x - a y -b z - g
= = [2006-II]
l m n
11. If O, P are the points (0, 0, 0), (2, 3, –1) respectively, then
represent a straight line passing through the point (a, b, g)
what is the equation to the plane through P at right angles
and having direction ratio proportional to l, m, n. to OP ?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 2x + 3y + z = 16 (b) 2x + 3y – z = 14
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 2x + 3y + z = 14 (d) 2x + 3y – z = 0
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
[2006-II]
[2006-II]
 EBD_7346
M-536 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
12. The four points (0, 4, 1), (2, 3, –1), (4, 5, 0) (2, 6, 2) are the 19. If x = a sec q cos f, y = b sec q sin f, z = c tan q, then what
vertices of which one of the following figures?
(a) Rhombus (b) Rectangle x2 y2 z2
(c) Square (d) Parallelogram [2006-II] is + - equal to?
a2 b2 c2
13. If the sum of the squares of the distance of the point ( x, y, z)
from the points ( a, 0, 0) and ( –a , 0, 0) is 2c2, then which one (a) 1 (b) 0
of the following is correct? (c) – 1 (d) a2 + b2 [2007-II]
(a) x2 + a2 = 2c2 – y2 – z2 (b) x2 + a2 = c2 – y2 – z2 20. y
A line makes angles q, f and with x, y, z axes respectively..
(c) x2 – a2 = c2 – y2 – z2 (d) x2 + a2 = c2 + y2 + z2
Consider the following
[2007-I]
14. Which one of following is correct? 1. sin2 q + sin2 f = cos2 y
The three planes 2x + 3y – z –2 = 0, 3x + 3y + z – 4 = 0, 2. cos2 q + cos2 f = sin2 y
x – y + 2z – 5 = 0 intersect
(a) at a point (b) at two points 3. sin2 q + cos2 f = cos2 y
(c) at three points (d) in a line [2007-I] Which of the above is/are correct?
15. The following question consist of two statements, one (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason (c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 [2007-II]
(R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully 21. What is the equation of the plane passing through
and select the answer.
(x1, y1, z1) and normal to the line with < a, b, c > as direction
Assertion(A): If < l, m, n > are direction cosines of a line,
ratios ?
there can be a line whose direction cosines are
(a) ax + by + cz = ax1 + by1 + cz1
(b) a (x + x1) + b (y + y1) + c (z + z1) = 0
l2 + m2 m2 + n2 n 2 + l2
, , , (c) ax + by + cz = 0
2 2 2
. (d) ax + by + cz = x1 + y1 + z1 = 0 [2007-II]
22. What are the direction cosines of the line represented
Reason(R): The sum of direction cosines of a line is unity. by 3x + y + 2z = 7, x + 2y + 3z = 5 ?
(a) Both A and R individually true, and R is the correct (a) (– 1, – 7, 5) (b) (– 1, 7, 5)
explanation of A.
æ 1 7 5 ö æ 1 7 5 ö
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the (c) ç- ,- , ÷ (d) ç- , , ÷
correct explanation of A. è 75 75 75 ø è 75 75 75 ø
(c) A is true but R is false. [2007-II]
(d) A is false but R is true. [2007-I] 23. The equation of a sphere is x2 + y2 + z2 –10z = 0. If one end
16. Which one of the following is the plane containing the line point of a diameter of the sphere is (– 3, – 4, 5), what is the
x–2 y–3 z–4 other end point ?
= = and parallel to z-axis?
2 3 5 (a) (– 3, – 4, – 5) (b) ( 3, 4, 5)
(a) 2x – 3y = 0 (b) 5x – 2z = 0 (c) (3, 4, – 5) (d) (– 3, 4, – 5) [2007-II]
(c) 5y – 3z = 0 (d) 3x – 2y = 0 [2007-I] 24. O (0, 0), A (0, 3), B (4, 0) are the vertices of triangle OAB.
17. What is the centre of the sphere ax2 + by2 + cz2 – 6x = 0 if the A force 10 î acts at B. What is the magnitude of moment of
radius is 1 unit?
force about the vertex A?
(a) (0, 0, 0)
(a) 0 (b) 30 unit
(b) (1, 0, 0)
(c) (3, 0, 0) (c) 40 unit (d) 50 unit [2007-II]
(d) cannot be determined as values of a,b, c are unknown 25. What is the ratio in which the line joining the points (2,4, 5)
[2007-I] and (3, 5, – 4) is internally divided by the xy-plane?
(a) 5 : 4 (b) 3 : 4
1 1
18. Under what condition do , , K represent direction (c) 1 : 2 (d) 7 : 5 [2007-II]
2 2 26. Under which one of the following conditions will the two
cosines of a line? planes x + y + z = 7 and ax + by + g z =3, be parallel (but not
1 1 coincident) ?
(a) k= (b) k=–
2 2 3
(a) a = b = g =1 only (b) a = b = g = only
1 7
(c) k=± (d) k can take any value
2 (c) a = b = g (d) None of the above
[2007-I] [2008-I]
3D-Geometry M-537

x -3 y- 4 z-5 37. Curve of intersection of two spheres is [2008-II]

27. The straight line = = is parallel to which (a) an ellipse (b) a circle
2 3 4
(c) a parabola (d) None of these
one of the following ?
38. The points (1, 3, 4), (–1, 6, 10), (–7, 4, 7) and (–5, 1, 1) are the
(a) 4x + 3y – 5z = 0 (b) 4x + 5y – 4z = 0 vertices of a [2009-I]
(c) 4x + 4y – 5z = 0 (d) 5x+4y – 5z = 0 [2008-I] (a) rhombus (b) rectangle
28. If q is the acute angle between the diagonals of a cube, (c) parallelogram (d) square
then which one of the following is correct? 39. What is the number of planes passing through three non-collinear
(a) q < 30° (b) q = 60° points? [2009-I]
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 30° < q < 60° (d) q > 60° [2008-I]
(c) 1 (d) 0
29. Which one of the following planes contains the z-axis?
40. What is the angle between the lines x + z = 0, y = 0 and 20x
(a) x – z = 0 (b) z + y = 0
= 15y = 12z? [2009-I]
(c) 3x + 2y = 0 (d) 3x + 2z = 0 [2008-I] (a) cos–1 (1 / 5) (b) cos–1 (1 / 7)
30. Under what condition are the two lines
45
m n m' n' (c) cos -1 (d) sin–1 (1 / 7)
y = x + a, z = x + b; and y = x + a ',z = x + b ' 7 61
l l l' l'
41. Under what condition does the equation
orthogonal ?
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2ux + 2uy + 2wz + d = 0 represent a real sphere?
(a) aa '+ bb '+ 1 = 0 [2009-I]
2 2 2 2 2
(a) u + v + w = d (b) u + v + w > d 2 2
(b) (a + a ') + (b + b ') = 0
(c) u2 + v2 + w2 < d (d) u2 + v2 + w2 < d2
(c) ll '+ mm'+ nn ' = 1 42. What is the angle between the planes 2x – y + z = 6 and
(d) ll '+ mm '+ nn ' = 0 [2008-I] x + y + 2z = 3? [2009-I]
(a) p/2 (b) p/3
31. What are the coordinates of the point equidistant from the
four points (0, 0, 0), (2, 0, 0), (0, 4, 0), (0, 0, 6)? [2008-II] (c) p/4 (d) p/6
43. What is the equation of a plane through the x-axis and
(a) (1, 2, 3) (b) (2, 3, 1)
passing through the point (1, 2, 3)? [2009-I]
(c) (3, 1, 2) (d) (1, 3, 2)
(a) x + y + z = 6 (b) x = 1
32. The angle between the lines with direction ratios (c) y + z = 5 (d) z + y = 1
(1, 0, ± cosa) is 60°. What is the value of a? [2008-II] 44. What is the value of n so that the angle between the lines
(a) cos –1
(1 2 ) (b) cos –1
(1 3 ) having direction ratios (1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, n) is 60°?
[2009-II]
(c) cos–1 (1/3) (d) cos–1 (1/2) (a) (b)
3 6
33. The line passing through (1, 2, 3) and having direction ratios (c) 3 (d) None of these
given by < 1, 2, 3 > cuts the x-axis at a distance k from origin. 45. The direction cosines of a line are proportional to (2,1,2)
What is the value of k? [2008-II] and the line intersects a plane perpendicularly at the point
(a) 0 (b) 1 (1, –2, 4). What is the distance of the plane from the point (3,
(c) 2 (d) 3 2, 3)? [2009-II]
34. The equation by + cz + d = 0 represents a plane parallel to (a) 3 (b) 2
which one of the following? [2008-II]
(c) 2 2 (d) 4
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis
46. The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to a
(c) z-axis (d) None of these
plane is the point (1, –3, 1). What is the intercept cut on the
35. Which one of the following planes is normal to the plane x-axis by the plane? [2009-II]
3x + y + z = 5? [2008-II] (a) 1 (b) 3
(a) x + 2y + z = 6 (b) x – 2y + z = 6 (c) (d) 11
11
(c) x + 2y – z = 6 (d) x – 2y – z = 6
47. A line makes the same angle a with each of the x and y axes.
36. If the radius of the sphere If the angle q, which it makes with the z-axis, is such that
x2 + y2 + z2 – 6x – 8y + 10z + l = 0 is unity, what is the value sin2q = 2 sin2a , then what is the value of a ?
of l? [2008-II] [2009-II]
(a) 49 (b) 7 (a) p/4 (b) p/6
(c) – 49 (d) – 7 (c) p/3 (d) p/2
 EBD_7346
M-538 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
48. What is the equation of the sphere which has its centre at 58. What is the distance of the origin from the plane
(6, –1, 2) and touches the plane 2x – y + 2z – 2 = 0? 2x + 6y – 3z + 7 = 0? [2010-II]
[2009-II] (a) 1 (b) 2
(a) x2 + y2 + z2 + 12x – 2y + 4z + 16 = 0 (c) 3 (d) 6
(b) x2 + y2 + z2 + 12x – 2y + 4z – 16 = 0
59. What is the acute angle between the planes x + y + 2z = 3
(c) x2 + y2 + z2 – 12x + 2y – 4z + 16 = 0
and – 2x + y – z = 11? [2011-I]
(d) x2 + y2 + z2 – 12x + 2y – 4z + 25 = 0 (a) p / 5 (b) p / 4
49. What are the direction ratios of the line determined by the
(c) p / 6 (d) p / 3
planes x – y + 2z = 1 and x + y – z = 3? [2009-II]
(a) (–1, 3, 2) (b) (–1, –3, 2) 60. What is the radius of the sphere
(c) (2, 1, 3) (d) (2, 3, 2) x2 + y2 + z2 – x – y – z = 0? [2011-I]
50. Under what condition do the planes [2010-I]
bx – ay = n, cy – bz = l , az – cx = m intersect in a line? 3 1
(a) (b)
(a) a + b + c = 0 (b) a = b = c 4 2
(c) al + bm + cn = 0 (d) l + m + n = 0 1
3
51. The planes px + 2y + 2z – 3 = 0 and 2x – y + z + 2 = 0 intersect (c) (d)
2 3
p 61. Consider the following relations among the angles a, b and
at an angle . What is the value of p2?
4 g made by a vector with the coordinate axes
(a) 24 (b) 12 [2010-I] I. cos2a + cos2b + cos2g = – 1 [2011-I]
(c) 6 (d) 3 II. sin 2a + sin 2b + sin 2g = 1
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 52-54) : The vertices of a cube are (0, 0, 0), (2, 0, Which of the above is/are correct?
0), (0, 2, 0), (0, 0, 2), (2, 2, 0), (2, 0, 2), (0, 2, 2), (2, 2, 2) respectively. (a) Only I (b) Only II
52. What is the angle between any two diagonals of the cube? (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(a) cos–1 (1/2) (b) cos–1 (1/3) [2010-I] 62. Which one of the following points lies on the plane
2x + 3y – 6z = 21? [2011-I]
(c) cos–1 (1/ 3) (d) cos–1 (2 / 3) (a) (3, 2, 2) (b) (3, 7, 1)
53. What is the angle between one of the edges of the cube and (c) (1, 2, 3) (d) (2, 1, – 1)
the diagonal of the cube intersecting the edge of the cube? 63. What is the angle between the lines whose direction cosines
(a) cos–1 (1/2) (b) cos–1 (1/3) [2010-I] are proportional to (2, 3, 4) and (1, – 2, 1) respectively?
(c) cos–1 (1/ 3) (d) cos–1 (2 / 3) [2011-I]
(a) 90° (b) 60°
54. What is the angle between the diagonal of one of the faces
of the cube and the diagonal of the cube intersecting the (c) 45° (d) 30°
diagonal of the face of the cube? [2010-I] 64. What is the locus of points of intersection of a sphere and
a plane? [2011-II]
(a) cos–1 (1/ 3) (b) cos–1 (2 / 3) (a) Circle (b) Ellipse
(c) Parabola (d) Hyperbola
(c) cos–1 ( 2 / 3) (d) cos–1 ( 2 / 3)
65. What is the angle between two planes 2x – y + z = 4 and
55. What is the equation of the plane through z-axis and parallel x + y + 2z = 6? [2011-II]
x -1 y + 2 z - 3 p
to the line = = ? [2010-I] p
cos q sin q 0 (a) (b)
2 3
(a) x cot q + y = 0 (b) x tan q – y = 0
(c) x + y cot q = 0 (d) x – y tan q = 0 p p
(c) (d)
56. If the line through the points A (k, 1, –1) and B (2k, 0, 2) is 4 6
perpendicular to the line through the points B and 66. What is the equation of the plane passing through the
C (2 + 2k , k, 1), then what is the value of k? [2010-I] point (1, – 1, – 1) and perpendicular to each of the planes
(a) –1 (b) 1
x – 2y – 8z = 0 and 2x + 5y – z = 0? [2011-II]
(c) –3 (d) 3
(a) 7x – 3y + 2z = 14 (b) 2x + 5y – 3z = 12
57. The two planes ax + by + cz + d = 0 and ax + by + cz + d1
(c) x – 7y + 3z = 4 (d) 14x – 5y + 3z = 16
= 0, where d ¹ d1, have [2010-II]
67. The equation to sphere passing through origin and the
(a) one point only in common
points (–1, 0, 0), (0, – 2, 0) and (0, 0, – 3) is x2 + y2 + z2 + f(x,
(b) three points in common
y, z) = 0. What is f(x, y, z) equal to? [2011-II]
(c) infinite points in common (a) – x – 2y – 3z (b) x + 2y + 3z
(d) no points in common (c) x + 2y + 3z – 1 (d) x + 2y + 3z + 1
3D-Geometry M-539

68. If a line makes the angles a, b, g with the axes, then what is 78. What is the equation to the plane through (1, 2, 3) parallel to
the value of 1+ cos 2a + cos 2b + cos 2g equal to 3x + 4y – 5z = 0 ? [2012-II]
(a) – 1 (b) 0 [2012-I] (a) 3x + 4y + 5z + 4 = 0 (b) 3x + 4y – 5z + 14 = 0
(c) 1 (d) 2 (c) 3x + 4y – 5z + 4 = 0 (d) 3x + 4y – 5z – 4 = 0
69. What are the direction ratios of normal to the plane 79. What are the direction ratios of the line of intersection of
2x – y + 2z + 1 = 0 [2012-I] the planes x = 3z + 4 and y = 2z – 3 ? [2012-II]
1 (a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 2, 1, 3
(a) 2,1, 2 (b) 1, - ,1
2
(c) 3, 2, 1 (d) 1, 3, 2
(c) 1, -2,1 (d) None of the above 80. What is the equation to the straight line passing through
70. What is the cosine of angle between the planes (a, b, c) and parallel to z-axis ? [2012-II]
x + y + z + 1 = 0 and 2x – 2y + 2z + 1 = 0 ? [2012-I] x-a y-b z-c x -a y-b z-c
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (a) = = (b) = =
1 0 0 0 0 1
(c) 2/3 (d) None of the above
71. What is the sum of the squares of direction cosines of the x-a y-b z-c x-a y-b z-c
(c) = = (d) = =
line joining the points (1, 2, – 3) and (– 2, 3, 1)? 0 1 0 0 1 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 [2012-I] 81. The sum of the direction cosines of z-axis is [2013-I]
2 (a) 0 (b) 1/3
(c) 3 (d) (c) 1 (d) 3
26
72. What is the diameter of the sphere 82. What is the area of the triangle whose vertices are (0, 0, 0),
(1, 2, 3) and (–3, –2, 1)? [2013-I]
x2 + y2 + z2 – 4x + 6y – 8z –7 = 0 ? [2012-I]
(a) 4 units (b) 5 units (a) 3 5 square unit (b) 6 5 square unit
(c) 6 units (d) 12 units. (c) 6 square unit (d) 12 square unit
73. If the distance between the points (7, 1, – 3) and (4, 5, l) is 13 83. What is the distance between the planes x – 2y + z – 1 = 0
units, then what is one of the values of l ? [2012-II] and –3x + 6y – 3z + 2 = 0? [2013-I]
(a) 20 (b) 10
(a) 3 unit (b) 1 unit
(c) 9 (d) 8
(c) 0 (d) None of the above
74. If a line OP of length r (where ‘O’ is the origin) makes an
angle a with x-axis and lies in the xz-plane, then what are the 84. If a line makes 30° with the positive direction of x-axis, angle
coordinates of P ? [2012-II] b with the positive direction of y-axis and angle g with the
(a) (r cos a, 0, r sin a) (b) (0, 0, r sin a) positive direction of z-axis, then what is cos2b + cos2g
(c) (r cos a, 0, 0) (d) (0, 0, r cos a) equal to ? [2013-I]
75. What is the distance of the point (1, 2, 0) from yz-plane is: (a) 1/4 (b) 1/2
(a) 1 unit (b) 2 units [2012-II] (c) 3/4 (d) 1
(c) 3 units (d) 4 units 85. What should be the value of k for which the equation
76. What are the direction cosines of a line which is equally 3x2 + 3y2 + (k + 1) z2 + x – y + z = 0 represents the sphere?
inclined to the positive directions of the axes ? [2012-II] (a) 3 (b) 2 [2013-I]
(c) 1 (d) – 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) , , (b) - , , 86. What is the angle between the planes 2x – y – 2z + 1= 0 and
3 3 3 3 3 3 3x – 4y + 5z – 3 = 0? [2013-I]
1 1 1 1 1 1 p p
(c) - ,- , (d) , , (a) (b)
3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4
x - 2 y +1 z + 2 p p
77. What is the angle between the lines = = (c) (d)
1 -2 1 3 2
x - 1 2y + 3 z + 5 x - x 0 y - y0 z - z0
and = = ? [2012-II] 87. If the straight line = = is parallel to
1 3 2 l m n
p p the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 then which one of the following
(a) (b) is correct? [2013-I]
2 3
(a) l + m + n = 0 (b) a + b + c = 0
p
(c) (d) None of the above a b c
6 (c) + + =0 (d) al + bm + cn = 0
l m n
 EBD_7346
M-540 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
88. If q is the acute angle between the diagonals of a cube, then 98. A line passes through the points (6, –7, –1) and (2, –3, 1).
which one of the following is correct ? [2013-II] What are the direction ratios of the line ? [2014-I]
(a) q = 30° (b) q = 45° (a) < 4, –4, 2 > (b) < 4, 4, 2 >
(c) 2cos q = 1 (d) 3cos q = 1
(c) < –4, 4, 2 > (d) < 2, 1, 1 >
89. What is the equation of the sphere with unit radius having
centre at the origin ? [2013-II] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 99-101): For the next three (03) items that
(a) x2 + y2 + z2 = 0 (b) x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 follow
(c) x2 + y2 + z2 = 2 (d) x2 + y2 + z2 = 3 Consider a sphere passing through the origin and the points
90. What is the sum of the squares of direction cosines of (2, 1, –1), (1, 5, –4), (–2, 4, –6).
x-axis ? [2013-II] 99. What is the radius of the sphere ? [2014-II]
1 (a) 12 (b) 14
(a) 0 (b)
3 (c) 12 (d) 14
(c) 1 (d) 3 100. What is the centre of the sphere ? [2014-II]
91. What is the distance of the line 2x + y + 2z = 3 from the (a) (–1, 2, –3) (b) (1, –2, 3)
origin ? [2013-II] (c) (1, 2, –3) (d) (–1, –2, –3)
(a) 1 units (b) 1.5 units 101. Consider the following statements : [2014-II]
(c) 2 units (d) 2.5 units 1. The sphere passes through the point (0, 4, 0).
92. If the projections of a straight line segment on the coordinate 2. The point (1, 1, 1) is at a distance of 5 unit from the
axes are 2, 3, 6, then the length of the segment is centre of the sphere.
[2013-II] Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) 5 units (b) 7 units
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 11 units (d) 49 units
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 102-103): For the next two (02) items that follow
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 93-95): For the next three (03) items that
The line joining the points (2, 1, 3) and (4, –2, 5) cuts the plane
follow
2x + y – z = 3.
A straight line passes through (1, –2, 3) and perpendicular to the 102. Where does the line cut the plane ? [2014-II]
plane 2x + 3y – z = 7. (a) (0, –4, –1) (b) (0, –4, 1)
93. What are the direction ratios of normal to plane ? [2014-I] (c) (1, 4, 0) (d) (0, 4, 1)
(a) < 2, 3, –1> (b) < 2, 3, 1> 103. What is the ratio in which the plane divideds the line ?
(c) < –1, 2, 3> (d) None of these (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2: 3 [2014-II]
94. Where does the line meet the plane ? [2014-I] (c) 3 : 4 (d) None of these
(a) (2, 3, –1) (b) (1, 2, 3) DIRECTIONS (Qs. 104-105): For the next two (02) items that
(c) (2, 1, 3) (d) (3, 1, 2 ) follow
95. What is the image of the point (1, –2, 3) in the plane ? Consider the plane passing through the points
(a) (2, –1, 5) (b) (–1, 2, –3) [2014-I] A (2, 2, 1), B (3, 4, 2) and C (7, 0, 6).
104. Which one of the following points lines on the plane ?
(c) (5, 4, 1) (d) None of these
(a) (1, 0, 0) (b) (1, 0, 1) [2014-II]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 96-97): For the next two (02) items that follow (c) (0, 0, 1) (d) None of these
Consider the spheres x2 + y2 + z2 – 4y + 3 = 0 and x2 + y2 + z2 + 2x 105. What are the direction ratios of the normal to the plane ?
+ 4z – 4 = 0. (a) < 1, 0, 1 > (b) < 0, 1, 0 > [2014-II]
96. What is the distance between the centres of the two (c) < 1, 0, –1 > (d) None of these
spheres ? [2014-I]
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 106-107): For the next two (02) items that follow
(a) 5 units (b) 4 units
The projections of a directed line segment on the coordinate axes
(c) 3 units (d) 2 units are 12, 4, 3 respectively.
97. Consider the following statements : [2014-I] 106. What is the length of the line segment? [2015-I]
1. The two spheres intersect each other. (a) 19 units (b) 17 units
2. The radius of first sphere is less than that of second (c) 15 units (d) 13 units
sphere. 107. What are the direction cosines of the line segment?
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? 12 4 3 12 4 3
(a) , , (b) ,- , [2015-I]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 13 13 13 13 13 13
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 12 4 3 12 4 3
(c) ,- ,- (d) - ,- ,
13 13 13 13 13 13
3D-Geometry M-541

DIRECTIONS (Qs. 108-109): For the next two (02) items that follow DIRECTIONS (Qs. 118-120): For the next three (03) items that
From the point P(3, – 1, 11), a perpendicular is drawn on the line follow

x y -2 z -3 A plane P passes through the line of intersection of the

L given by the equation = = . Let Q be the foot of planes 2x – y + 3z = 2, x + y – z = 1 and the point (1, 0, 1).
2 3 4
118. What are the direction ratios of the line of intersection of
the perpendicular.
the given planes? [2016-I]
108. What are the direction ratios of the line segment PQ?
(a) 2, - 5, - 3 (b) 1, - 5, - 3
(a) 1, 6, 4 (b) -1, 6, -4 [2015-I]
(c) 2,5,3 (d) 1, 3, 5
(c) -1, -6, 4 (d) 2, -6, 4
119. What is the equation of the plane P? [2016-I]
109. What is the length of the line segment PQ? [2015-I] (a) 2x + 5y – 2 = 0 (b) 5x + 2y – 5 = 0
(c) x + z – 2 = 0 (d) 2x – y – 2z = 0
(a) 47 units (b) 7 units
120. If the plane P touches the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = r2, then what
(c) 53 units (d) 8units is r equal to? [2016-I]
2 4
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 110-111): For the next two (02) items that follow (a) (b)
29 29
A triangular plane ABC with centroid (1, 2, 3) cuts the coordinate
5
axes at A, B, C respectively. (c) (d) 1
110. What are the intercepts made by the plane ABC on the axes? 29
(a) 3, 6, 9 (b) 1, 2, 3 [2015-I] DIRECTIONS (Qs. 121-122): For the next two (02) items that follow
(c) 1, 4, 9 (d) 2, 4, 6 Let Q be the image of the point P ( –2, 1, –5 ) in the plane
111. What is the equation of plane ABC? [2015-I] 3x –2y + 2z + 1 = 0.
(a) x + 2y + 3z = 1 (b) 3x + 2y + z = 3 121. Consider the following: [2016-II]
(c) 2x + 3y + 6z = 18 (d) 6x + 3y + 2z = 18 1. The coordinates of Q are (4, –3, –1).
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 112-113): For the next two (02) items that follow 2. PQ is of length more than 8 units.
A point P (1, 2, 3) is one vertex of a cuboid formed by the coordinate 3. The point (1, –1, –3) is the mid-point of the line segment
planes and the planes passing through P and parallel to the PQ and lies on the given plane.
coordinate planes. Which of the above statements are correct?
112. What is the length of one of the diagonals of the cuboid? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 10 units (b) 14 units [2015-I] 122. Consider the following: [2016-II]
(c) 4 units (d) 5 units 1. The direction ratios of the line segment PQ are <3, –2, 2 >.
113. What is the equation of the plane passing through P(1, 2, 3) 2. The sum of the squares of direction cosines of the line
and parallel to xy–plane? [2015-I] segment PQ is unity.
(a) x + y = 3 (b) x – y = – 1 Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(c) z = 3 (d) x + 2y + 3z = 14 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
114. The radius of the sphere [2015-II] (c) Both1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
3x2 + 3y2 + 3z2 – 8x + 4y + 8z – l5 = 0 is DIRECTIONS (Qs. 123-124): For the next two (02) items that follow
(a) 2 (b) 3 A line L passes through the point P(5, – 6, 7) and is parallel to the
(c) 4 (d) 5 planes x + y + z = 1 and 2x – y – 2z = 3.
115. The direction ratios of the line perpendicular to the lines 123. What are the direction ratios of the line of intersection of the
with direction ratios < l, –2, –2 > and < 0, 2, 1 > are given planes? [2016-II]
(a) < 2, –1, 2 > (b) < –2, 1, 2 > [2015-II] (a) < 1, 4, 3 > (b) < –1, – 4, 3>
(c) < 2, 1, –2 > (d) < –2, –1, –2 > (c) <1, – 4, 3> (d) <1, – 4, – 3>
116. What are the co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular 124. What is the equation of the line L ? [2016-II]
drawn from the point (3, 5, 4) on the plane z = 0?
x–5 y+6 z–7
(a) (0, 5, 4) (b) (3, 5, 0) [2015-II] (a) = =
–1 4 –3
(c) (3, 0, 4) (d) (0, 0, 4)
117. The lengths of the intercepts on the co-ordinate axes made x +5 y–6 z+7
(b) = =
by the plane 5x + 2y + z –13 = 0 are [2015-II] –1 4 –3
13 13 x–5 y+6 z–7
(a) 5, 2, 1 unit (b) , , 13 unit (c) = =
5 2 –1 –4 3
5 2 1 x–5 y+6 z–7
(c) , , unit (d) 1, 2, 5 unit (d) = =
13 13 13 –1 –4 –3
 EBD_7346
M-542 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
125. A straight line with direction cosines (0, 1, 0) is [2017-I] 133. A variable plane passes through a fixed point (a, b, c) and
(a) parallel to x-axis cuts the axes in A, B and C respectively. The locus of the
(b) parallel to y-axis centre of the sphere OABC, O being the origin, is
(c) parallel to z-axis [2017-II]
(d) equally inclined to all the axes x y z a b c
126. (0, 0, 0), (a, 0, 0), (0, b, 0) and (0, 0, c) are four distinct points. (a) + + =1 (b) x + y + z = 1
a b c
What are the coordinates of the point which is equidistant
a b c x y z
from the four points? [2017-I] (c) + + =2 (d) + + =2
x y z a b c
æ a+b+c a +b+c a+b+cö
(a) ç , , ÷ 134. The equation of the plane passing through the line of
è 3 3 3 ø intersection of the planes x + y + z = 1, 2x + 3y + 4z = 7, and
(b) (a, b, c) perpendicular to the plane x – 5y + 3z = 5 is given by
æa b cö [2017-II]
(c) ç , , ÷ (a) x + 2y + 3z – 6 = 0 (b) x + 2y + 3z + 6 = 0
è2 2 2ø
(c) 3x + 4y + 5z – 8 = 0 (d) 3x + 4y + 5z + 8 = 0
æa b cö 135. Let the coordinates of the points A, B, C be (1, 8, 4),
(d) ç , , ÷ (0, –11, 4) and (2, –3, 1) respectively. What are the
è 3 3 3ø
coordinates of the point D which is the foot of the
127. The points P(3, 2, 4), Q(4, 5, 2), R(5, 8, 0) and S(2, –1, 6) are perpendicular from A on BC? [2018-I]
(a) vertices of a rhombus which is not a square[2017-I] (a) (3, 4, –2) (b) (4, –2, 5)
(b) non-coplanar (c) (4, 5, –2) (d) (2, 4, 5)
(c) collinear 136. What is the equation of the plane passing through the points
(d) coplanar but not collinear (–2, 6, –6), (–3, 10, –9) and (–5, 0, –6)? [2018-I]
128. The line passing through the points (1, 2, –1) and (3, –1, 2) (a) 2x – y – 2z = 2 (b) 2x + y + 3z = 3
meets the yz-plane at which one of the following points? (c) x + y + z = 6 (d) x – y – z = 3
[2017-I] 137. A sphere of constant radius r through the origin intersects
æ 7 5ö æ 7 1ö the coordinate axes in A, B and C. What is the locus of the
(a) çè 0, - , ÷ø (b) çè 0, , ÷ø centroid of the triangle ABC? [2018-I]
2 2 2 2
(a) x2 + y2 + z2 = r2
æ 7 5ö æ 7 5ö (b) x2 + y2 + z2 = 4r 2
(c) çè 0, - , - ÷ø (d) çè 0, , - ÷ø (c) 9(x2 + y2 + z2) = 4r2
2 2 2 2
(d) 3(x2 + y2 + z2) = 2r2
129. Under which one of the following conditions are the lines x
138. The coordinates of the vertices P, Q and R of a triangle PQR
= ay + b; z = cy + d and x = ey + ¦; z = gy + h perpendicular?
are (1, –1, 1), (3, –2, 2) and (0, 2, 6) respectively. If ÐRQP = q,
[2017-I]
then what is ÐPRQ equal to? [2018-I]
(a) ae + cg – 1 = 0 (b) ae + b¦ – 1 = 0
(a) 30° + q (b) 45° – q
(c) ae + cg + 1 = 0 (d) ag + ce + 1 = 0 (c) 60° – q (d) 90° – q
130. The length of the normal from origin to the plane 139. What is the equation to the sphere whose centre is at
x + 2y – 2z = 9 is equal to [2017-II] (–2, 3, 4) and radius is 6 units? [2018-I]
(a) 2 units (b) 3 units 2 2 2
(a) x + y + z + 4x – 6y – 8z = 7
(c) 4 units (d) 5 units
(b) x2 + y2 + z2 + 6x – 4y – 8z = 7
131. The point of intersection of the line joining the points
(c) x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x – 6y – 8z = 4
(–3, 4, –8) and (5, – 6, 4) with the XY-plane is [2017-II]
(d) x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x + 6y + 8z = 4
æ7 8 ö æ 7 8 ö
(a) ç ,- ,0÷ (b) ç - , - , 0 ÷ 140. What is the distance of the point (2, 3, 4) from the plane 3x –
è3 3 ø è 3 3 ø 6y + 2z + 11 = ? [2018-II]
æ 7 8 ö æ7 8 ö (a) 1 unit (b) 2 unit
(c) ç - , ,0÷ (d) ç , , 0 ÷ (c) 3 unit (d) 4 units
è 3 3 ø è3 3 ø
132. If the angle between the lines whose direction ratios are 141. Coordinates of the points O, P, Q and R are respectively
(0, 0, 0), (4, 6, 2m), (2, 0, 2n) and (2, 4, 6). Let L, M, N and K be
p points on the sides OR, OP, PQ and QR respectively such
(2, –1, 2) and (x, 3, 5) is , then the smaller value of x is
4 that LMNK is a parallelogram whose two adjacent sides
[2017-II] side LK are each of length 2 . What are the values of m and
(a) 52 (b) 4 n respectively? [2018-II]
(c) 2 (d) 1
3D-Geometry M-543
2 2 2
(a) 6, 2 (b) 1, 3 144. What is the radius of the sphere x + y + z – 6x + 8y – 10z
(c) 3, 1 (d) None of the above + 1 = 0? [2019-I]
(a) 5 (b) 2
x -1 y - 2 z - 3 (c) 7 (d) 3
142. The line - = is given by [2018-II]
2 3 3 145. The equation of the plane passing through the intersection
(a) x + y + z = 6, x + 2y – 3z = – 4 of the planes 2x + y + 2z = 9, 4x – 5y – 4z = 1 and the point
(b) x + 2y – 2z = –1, 4x + 4y – 5z – 3 = 0 (3, 2, 1) is [2019-I]
(a) 10x – 2y + 2z = 28 (b) 10x + 2y + 2z = 28
(c) 3x + 2y – 3z = 0, 3x – 6y + 3z = – 2 (c) 10x + 2y – 2z = 28 (d) 10x – 2y – 2z = 24
(d) 3x + 2y – 3z = – 2, 3x – 6y + 3z = 0 146. The distance between the parallel planes 4x – 2y + 4z + 9 = 0
143. Consider the following statements: [2018-II] and 8x – 4y + 8z + 21 = 0 is [2019-I]
1. The angle between the planes 1 1
(a) (b)
p 4 2
2x – y + z = 1 and x + y + 2z = 3 is .
3 3 7
(c) (d)
2. The distance between the planes 2 4
10 147. What are the direction cosines of z-axis ? [2019-I]
6x – 3y + 6z + 2 = 0 and 2x – y + 2z + 4 = 0 is (a) < 1, 1, 1> (b) <1, 0, 0>
9 (c) <0, 1, 0> (d) <0, 0, 1>
Which of the above statements is/are correct
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

ANSWER KEY
1 (c) 16 (d) 31 (a) 46 (d) 61 (a) 76 (a) 91 (a) 106 (d) 121 (d) 136 (a)
2 (b) 17 (d) 32 (b) 47 (a) 62 (b) 77 (a) 92 (b) 107 (a) 122 (c) 137 (c)
3 (b) 18 (c) 33 (a) 48 (c) 63 (a) 78 (c) 93 (a) 108 (b) 123 (c) 138 (d)
4 (c) 19 (a) 34 (a) 49 (a) 64 (a) 79 (c) 94 (d) 109 (c) 124 (a) 139 (a)
5 (c) 20 (b) 35 (d) 50 (c) 65 (b) 80 (b) 95 (c) 110 (a) 125 (b) 140 (a)
6 (c) 21 (a) 36 (a) 51 (a) 66 (d) 81 (c) 96 (c) 111 (d) 126 (c) 141 (c)
7 (b) 22 (c) 37 (b) 52 (b) 67 (b) 82 (a) 97 (c) 112 (b) 127 (c) 142 (d)
8 (a) 23 (b) 38 (a) 53 (d) 68 (b) 83 (d) 98 (c) 113 (c) 128 (d) 143 (c)
9 (c) 24 (b) 39 (c) 54 (c) 69 (b) 84 (a) 99 (b) 114 (b) 129 (c) 144 (c)
10 (d) 25 (a) 40 (a) 55 (b) 70 (b) 85 (b) 100 (a) 115 (a) 130 (b) 145 (a)
11 (b) 26 (c) 41 (b) 56 (d) 71 (b) 86 (d) 101 (a) 116 (b) 131 (a) 146 (a)
12 (c) 27 (c) 42 (b) 57 (d) 72 (d) 87 (d) 102 (d) 117 (b) 132 (b) 147 (d)
13 (b) 28 (d) 43 (b) 58 (a) 73 (c) 88 (d) 103 (d) 118 (a) 133 (c)
14 (d) 29 (c) 44 (b) 59 (d) 74 (a) 89 (b) 104 (a) 119 (b) 134 (a)
15 (c) 30 (d) 45 (b) 60 (a) 75 (a) 90 (c) 105 (c) 120 (c) 135 (c)
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HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Let A(a –1, a, a + 1), B (a, a + 1, a – 1) and a
C ( a + 1, a – 1, a) be the vertices of a triangle ABC. Þ a2 = 2ax Þ x =
2
Length of
æa a aö
AB = (a - a + 1) 2 + (a + 1 - a)2 + (a - 1 - a - 1)2 \ Point is ç , , ÷ .
è 2 2 2ø
= 1+1 + 4 = 6 3. (b) We know that sum of square of direction cosines = 1
Length of i.e. cos2a + cos2b + cos2g = 1
BC = (a + 1 - a)2 + (a - 1 - a - 1) 2 + (a - a + 1) 2 Þ cos2 45° + cos2b + cos2b = 1
(As given a = 45° and b = g)
= 1+ 4 +1 = 6 1
Þ + 2cos2 b = 1
and CA = (a - 1 - a - 1)2 + (a - a + 1)2 + (a + 1 - a)2 2
1
= 4 +1 +1 = 6 Þ cos2 b =
4
\ AB = BC = CA
\ Triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle and these given 1
Þ cos b = ± , Negative value is discarded, since the line
points are vertices of an equilateral triangle for any real 2
value of a. makes angle with positive axes.
uuur
Position vector of A, OA = (a - 1)iˆ + aj ˆˆ + (a + 1)kˆ 1
uuur Hence, cos b =
2
Position vector of B, OB = aiˆ + (a + 1)ˆj + (a - 1)kˆ
uuur Þ cos b = cos 60°
Position vector of C, OC = (a + 1)iˆ + (a - 1)ˆj + akˆ Þ b = 60°
uuur uuur uuur \ Required sum = a + b + g = 45° + 60 ° + 60° =165°
AB = OB - OA = iˆ + ˆj - 2kˆ 4. (c) Let position vectors of two points be
uuur uuur uuur uuur
AC = OC - OA = 2iˆ - ˆj - kˆ A OA = ( 3 - 1)iˆ - ( 3 + 1)ˆj + 4kˆ and
Now, area of a triangle D ABC uuur
OB = -( 3 + 1)iˆ + ( 3 - 1)ˆj + 4kˆ
1 ur ur
= | AB ´ AC | uuur
2 | OA | = ( 3 - 1) 2 + ( 3 + 1) 2 + 42
ˆ ˆ ˆ O B
1 i j k = 3 + 1 - 2 3 + 3 + 1 + 2 3 + 16 = 24
= 1 1 -2
2 2 -1 -1 uuur
C Also, | OB |= ( 3 + 1)2 + ( 3 - 1) 2 + 42 = 24
1 1 27 uuur uuur uuur uuur
= | -3iˆ - 3jˆ - 3kˆ |= 9+9+9 = sq units. OA.OB =| OA | . | OB | .cos q, where q is the angle
2 2 2
uuur uuur
Since, a does not appear so, area of triangle formed by between OA & OB .
these points is independent of a. uuur uuur
2. (b) Let the point A(x, y, z) is equidistant from the points OA.OB = -( 3 - 1)( 3 + 1) - ( 3 + 1)( 3 - 1) + 16
B(a, 0, 0), C (0,a, 0), D (0, 0, a) and E (0, 0, 0). = – 3 + 1 – 3 + 1 + 16 = 12
Hence, (x – a)2 + y2 + z2 = x2 + (y – a)2 + z2 uuur uuur
= x2 + y2 + (z – a)2 OA.OB 12 1
So, cos q = uuur uuuur = =
= x2 + y2 + z2 | OA | | OB | 24 2
Þ (x – a) + y + z = x + (y – a)2 + z2
2 2 2 2 p
Þ q=
3
Þ x2 + a2 – 2ax + y2 + z2 = x2 + y2 + a2 – 2ay + z2 5. (c) Equations
Þ – 2ax = – 2ay ax + by + cz + d = 0, a'x + b'y + c'z + d' = 0
Þ ax = ay Þ x = y represent a straight line and equation of the form
Similarly, ay = az Þ y = z x - a y -b z - y
Þ x= y= z = =
l m n
\ (x – a)2 + x2 + x2 = x2 + x2 + x2 represent a straight line passing through the point
Þ x2 + a2 – 2ax + x2 + x2 = 3x2 (a, b, g) and having direction ratios proportional to l, m,
n. Thus, both statements are correct.
3D-Geometry M-545

6. (c) The given equation of sphere is 12. (c) Let the coordinates of A, B, C and D are (0, 4. 1),
ax2 + by2 + cz2 –2x + 4y + 2z – 3 = 0 (2, 3, – 1) (4, 5, 0) and (2, 6, 2) respectively.
This equation represents a equation of sphere, if We find its sides and diagonals as below
coefficient of x2, y2 and z2 is same.
AB = (2 - 0)2 + (3 - 4)2 + (-1 - 1)2
i.e., a = b = c
\ Equation of sphere can be re-written as = 4 +1+ 4 = 9 = 3
bx2 + by2 + bz2 – 2x + 4y + 2z – 3 = 0
BC = (4 - 2)2 + (5 - 3)2 + (0 + 1) 2
2x 4y 2z 3
Þ x2 + y2 + z2 – + + - =0
b b b b = 4 + 4 +1 = 9 = 3

æ 1 -2 -1 ö CD = (2 - 4)2 + (6 - 5)2 + (2 - 0)2

The centre of this sphere is ç , , ÷
èb b b ø = 4 +1+ 4 = 9 = 3

Given that the centre of sphere is æç , -1, - ö÷

1 1
DA = (0 - 2)2 + (4 - 6)2 + (1 - 2)2
è2 2ø
= 4 + 4 +1 = 9 = 3
1 1
= Þb=2
b 2 AC = (4 - 0)2 + (5 - 4)2 + (0 - 1)2
7. (b) Length of perpendicular from the origin to the plane
= 16 + 1 + 1 = 18
ax + by + 2ab z - 1 = 0 is
and BD = (2 - 2)2 + (6 - 3)2 + (2 + 1) 2
0 + 0 + 0 -1 1 1 = 9 + 9 = 18
= = =
2 2
a + b + 2ab (a + b)
2 (a + b) Since, AB = BC = CD = DA, sides are equal
and AC = BD, diagonals are also equal.
8. (a) Since, the direction ratio's of normal to a plane are Hence, A, B, C and D are the vertices of a square.
< l, m, n > and the length of normal is p, then intercept 13. (b) Let the point be P(x, y, z) and two points,(a, 0, 0) and
on x-axis is p/l and that on y-axis is p/m and on z-axis (– a, 0, 0) be A and B
it is p/n, hence sum of intercepts cut off by the As given in the problem,
plane from the coordinate axes PA2 + PB2 = 2c2
æ1 1 1 ö so, (x + a)2 + (y – 0)2 + (z – 0)2
= pç + + ÷ + (x – a)2 + (y – 0)2 + (z – 0)2 = 2c2
èl m nø
or, (x + a)2 + y2 + z2 + (x – a)2 + y2 + z2 = 2c2
9. (c) Since, the general equation of a plane is ax + by + cz +
d = 0. Where a, b, c show direction ratio and d is a x2 + 2ax + a2 + y2 + z2 + x2 – 2ax + a2 + y2 + z2 = 2c2
parameter. = 2(x2 + y2 + z2 + a2) = 2c2
So, the number of arbitrary constants in equation of a = x2 + y2 + z2 + a2 = c2
plane = 4. = x2 + a2 = c2 – y2 – z2
10. (d) Since, coordinates of points P and Q are (2, 5, –7) and 14. (d) Planes always intersect in a line.
(– 3, 2, 1) respectively. 15. (c) Sum of directions cosines of a line i.e. l + m + n ¹ 1 .
Direction ratios of PQ are So, R is false.
< – 3 – 2, 2 – 5, 1 + 7 > i.e., < – 5, – 3, 8 >. Since sum of squares of direction cosines is unity
11 (b) Since, coordinates of points O and P are (0,0,0) and 2 2 2
(2, 3, – 1) respectively. æ l2 + m2 ö æ m2 + n 2 ö æ n 2 + l2 ö
ç ÷ +ç ÷ +ç ÷
Direction ratios of OP are < 2, 3, – 1 >. = çç 2 ÷÷ çç 2 ÷÷ çç 2 ÷÷
The plane is perpendicular to OP. So, its equation is è ø è ø è ø
2x + 3y – z + d = 0 .....(i)
Since, this plane passes through (2, 3, – 1); 2 × 2 + 3 × l2 + m2 m 2 + n 2 n 2 + l2
= + +
3 – 1× –1 + d = 0 2 2 2
Þ 4+9+1+d=0
Þ d = – 14 2(l 2 + m 2 + n 2 )
Þ = l2 + m2 + n 2 = 1
On putting the value of d in Eq. (i) 2
2x + 3y – z – 14 = 0 Hence, assertion A is true.
Þ 2x + 3y – z = 14 So, A is true but R is false.
which is required equation of plane.
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M-546 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
16. (d) The equation of the line is 20. (b) If a line makes angle q, f and y with x, y, z axes
respectively, then
x -2 y-3 z -4
= = =r cos2q + cos2 f + cos2y = 1
2 3 5
Þ cos2q + cos2f = 1– cos2y Þ cos2q + cos2f = sin2y
where r is a constant. Any point on this line, is given
by x = 2r + 2, y = 3r + 2 and z = 5r + 4 \ Statement (2) is correct.
Since, a plane that is parallel to z-axis will have no z- 21. (a) The equation of the plane passing through (x1, y1, z1)
co-ordinate, z = 0 and normal to the line with < a, b, c > as direction ratios,
is given by :
-4
z = 0 Þ 5r + 4 = 0 or, r = a(x – x1) + b(y – y1) + c (z – z1) = 0
5
Þ ax – ax1 + by – by1 + cz – cz1 = 0
Putting this value of r for x and y co-ordinates.
Þ ax + by +cz = ax1+ by1+ cz1
4 which is required equation of plane.
x = 2r + 2 = 2 × ( - )+2
5 22. (c) Let the direction ratio of the line be, a, b,c,
or, 5x = – 8 + 10 = 2 This line is contained by both plane,
2 2 3x + y + 2z = 7 and x + 2y + 3z = 5.
x= , or = 5 ...(1) Þ 3a + b + 2c = 0 ....(1)
5 x
and a + 2b + 3c = 0 ....(2)
4
Similarly, y = 3r + 3 = 3 × ( - )+3 Solving these two equations :
5
or, 5y = – 12 + 15 = 3 a -b c
= = =k
1 2 3 2 3 1
3 3
y= Þ y =5 ...(2) 2 3 1 3 1 2
5
From equations (1) and (2) Let
2 3 a -b c
= Þ 3x – 2y = 0 Þ = = =k
x y -1 7 5
17. (d) In the given equation, there are three unknown param- a = – k, b = – 7k, c = 5k.
eters and no equation has been given to evaluate those, Direction cosines are :
hence centre of sphere cannot be determined. a b c
, ,
æ 1 1 ö a 2 + b 2 + c2 a 2 + b2 + c 2 a 2 + b2 + c 2
18. (c) For çç , , k ÷÷ to represent direction cosines
è 2 2 ø
a 2 + b 2 + c2 = (- k)2 + (-7k)2 + (5k)2
2 2
æ 1 ö æ1ö = k 2 + 49k 2 + 252 = k 75
çç ÷÷ + ç ÷ + k 2 = 1
è 2 ø è2ø æ -k -7k 5k ö
So, Direction cosines are çè , , ÷
1 1 k 75 k 75 k 75 ø
or, + + k2 = 1
2 4
æ 1 7 5 ö
= çè - ,- , ÷.
3 1 75 75 75 ø
+ k2 = 1 Þ k=±
4 2 23. (b) The equation of the given sphere is
19. (a) As given : x2 + y2 + z2 – 10z = 0.
x = a sec q cos f, y = b sec q sin f , z = c tanq \ Its centre is (0, 0, 5).
Coordinates of one end point of a diameter of the
2 2 2 2 2 2
So, x + y - z = a sec q cos f sphere is given as ( – 3, – 4, 5).
a 2 b 2 c2 a2 Let Coordinates of another end point of this diameter
(x1, y1, z1)
b2 sec 2 q sin 2 f c 2 tan 2 q -3 + x1
+ - \ =0 Þ x1 = 3
b2 c2 2
= sec2q (cos2f + sin2f) – tan2q = sec2q –tan2q = 1 -4 + y1
=0 Þ y1 = 4
2
3D-Geometry M-547

5 + z1 FC á (– a, a, – a) ñ ; GB á (– a, a, a) ñ and AD á (a, a, – a) ñ
and = 5 Þ z1 = 5 Their dcs are :
2
\ Required coordinates are (3, 4, 5). a a a
OE, á , , ñ
24. (b) As given : a2 + a2 + a2 a2 + a2 + a2 a2 + a2 + a2
O (0,0), A (0, 3), B (4, 0) are the vertices of triangle
OAB. 1 1 1
=á , , ñ
uuur r r 3 3 3
\ OA = r = 3j$ and F = 10i$
Movement of force about the vertex a a -a 1 1 -1
AD, á , , ñ=á , , ñ
r r Sa Sa2
Sa 2 3 2 3 3
A = r ´ F = 3j$ ´ 10i$ = -30k$
Angle, q, between AD and OE is given by
\ Magnitude of moment =| 30k$ | = 30 unit
1 1 1 1 1 1
´ + ´ - ´
25. (a) Let the line joining the points (2, 4, 5) and (3, 5, – 4) is 3 3 3 3 3 3
internally divided by the xy - plane in the ratio k : 1. cos q = ±
ìïæ 1 ö2 æ 1 ö2 æ 1 ö2 üì
ïïæ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö üï
2 2 2
\ For xy plane, z = 0 + +
íç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ýíç ÷ ç ÷ ç + + - ÷ ý
îïè 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø ïïþîè 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø ïþ
-k ´ 4 + 5 5
Þ 0= Þ 4k = 5 Þ k = .
k +1 4 1
1
k=
5
so, ratio is 5 : 4 = 3 =±
4 1 ´1 3
26. (c) Given equation of planes are : 1
x + y+ z = 7 Since the cube is in positive octant, we take + .
3
and ax + by + gz = 3
1
For these planes to be parallel, coefficients of x, y and So, cos q = Þ q > 60’
z should be same i.e. 3
Þ a=b=g [Since value of cos q decreases as q increases in 0 to
90°. cos q = 1 when q = 0° and cos q = 0 when q = 90°]
27. (c) A plane ax + by + cz = 0 is parallel to, a straight line
having direction ratios a', b', c'. 29. (c) The equation of plane which contains z-axis is 3x + 2y = 0 as
If aa' + bb' + cc' = 0 z is absent in this equation.
In the given problem, dr s of line is 2, 3, 4. mx n
30. (d) Given two lines are : y = + a , z = x + b and
We check the equations of plane in the given choices, l l
one by one.
m' n'
(a) 4 × 2 + 3 × 3 + (– 5) × 4 = 8 + 9 – 20 ¹ 0 y= x + a ', z = x + b '
(b) 4 × 2 + 5 × 3 + (– 4) × 4 = 8 + 15 – 16 ¹ 0 l' l'
(c) 4 × 2 + 4 × 3 + (– 5) × 4 = 8 + 12 – 20 = 0 These two lines can be represented as :
Further checking is not needed. y –a x – 0 z – b y – a' x – 0 z –b'
= = and = =
m/l 1 n/l m '/ l ' l n '/ l '
28. (d) z
They are orthogonal, if
(0, 0, a ) A B (0, a, a ) m m' n n'
´ + 1´ 1 + ´ = -1 Þ ll ' + mm' + nn' = 0
l l' l l'
)

(a, 0, a ) F
a, a

E 31. (a) The equation of sphere passing through the given

(a,

O y points is
) C (0, a, 0 ) x2 + y2 + z2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d = 0
0, 0
(0,
G \ (0)2 + (0)2 + (0)2 + 2u(0) + 2v(0) + 2w(0) + d = 0
(a, 0, 0 ) D
(a, a, 0 ) Þ d=0
x
(2)2 + (0)2 + (0)2 + 2u(2) + 2v(0) + 2w(0) + 0 = 0
Let there be cube of side 'a'. Co-ordinates of its vertices Þ u = –1
O, A, B, C, D, E, F have be marked in the figure. Diagonals (0)2 + (4)2 + (0)2 + 2u(0) + 2v(4) + 2w(0) + 0 = 0
are OE, FC, GB and AD. Direction ratios (dr 3) of these
Þ v = –2
diagonals are : OE á (a – 0), (a – 0), (a – 0) ñ = (a, a, a)
 EBD_7346
M-548 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
and Hence, normals to the two planes are perpendicular to
(0)2 + (0)2 + (6)2 + 2u(0) + 2v(0) + 2w(6) + 0 = 0 each other. Therefore two planes are also perpendicular.
36. (a) Given sphere : x2 + y2 + z2 – 6x – 8y + 10z + l = 0
Þ w = –3
Its radius = 1
\ The centre of sphere = (1, 2, 3)
It will be the point equidistant from the four points 2
Þ (–3) + (–42 ) + (5)2 - l = 1
(0, 0, 0), (2, 0,0), (0, 4, 0) and (0, 0, 6).
Þ 9 + 16 + 25 – l = 1
32. (b) Let the angle between two lines whose direction ratios
\ l = 49
are a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2 respectively is 0.
37. (b) a circle (obviously)
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 38. (a) Let (1, 3, 4), (–1, 6, 10), (–7, 4, 7) and (–5, 1, 1) be the
Then, cos q =
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22 coordinates of points A, B, C and D respectively.

\ AB = (-1 - 1)2 + (6 - 3)2 + (10 - 4) 2

1´1+ 0 ´ 0 + (cos a)(- cos a)
\ cos 60° =
12 + (0)2 + cos2 a 12 + (0)2 + (- cos a)2 = 4 + 9 + 36 = 7

BC = (-7 + 1)2 + (4 - 6)2 + (7 - 10) 2

1 1 - cos 2 a
Þ 2 =
= 36 + 4 + 9 = 7
1 + cos 2 a 1 + cos2 a
CD = (-5 + 7)2 + (1 - 4)2 + (1 - 7) 2
1 1 - cos2 a 1+ 2 2
Þ = 2 Þ 1 - 2 = - 2 cos 2 a =
2 1 + cos a 4 + 9 + 36 = 7

3 1 DA = (1 + 5)2 + (3 - 1) 2 + (4 - 1) 2
Þ -1 =
- cos 2 a = 36 + 4 + 9 = 7
1 -1 æ 1 ö AC = (-7 - 1)2 + (4 - 3)2 + (7 - 4)2
Þ cos a = Þ a = cos ç ÷
3 è 3ø
= 64 + 1 + 9 = 74
33. (a) Let the equation of line which is passing through
(1, 2, 3) and having direction ratios (1, 2, 3) is and BD = (-5 + 1)2 + (1 - 6)2 + (1 - 10)2
x -1 y - 2 z - 3
= = =a = 16 + 25 + 81 = 122
1 2 3
\ x–1=a Q AB = BC = CD = DA
y – 2 = 2a and z – 3 = 3a But BD ¹ AC
\ Points A, B, C and D are the vertices of a rhombus.
Þ x = a + 1, y = 2a + 2 and z = 3a + 3
39. (c) We know that the number of planes passing through
At x-axis, y = 0 and z = 0 the non-collinear points is 1.
Þ 2a + 2 = 0 and 3a + 3 = 0 40. (a) Given, x + z = 0, y = 0 and 20x = 15y = 12z
Þ a = – 1 and a = – 1
x y z x y z
\ x = (–1) + 1 = 0 Þ = = and = =
1 0 -1 3 4 5
34. (a) Direction cosines of the normal to the given plane
by + cz + d = 0 are 0, b, c Let q be angle between two lines.
Direction cosines of the x-axis are 1, 0, 0 (1)(3) + (0)(4) + ( -1)(5) 3+ 0 -5
Since, 0 × 1 + b × 0 + c × 0 = 0 \ cos q = =
1 + 0 + 1 9 + 16 + 25 2 50
Hence x-axis is perpendicular to normal to the given
plane. Therefore x-axis is parallel to the given plane. 2 1
= =
35. (d) Direction cosines of the normal to the plane 2 ×5 2 5
3x + y + z = 5 are 3, 1, 1
Direction cosines of the normal to the plane æ1ö
\ q = cos–1 ç ÷
x – 2y – z = 6 are 1, – 2, – 1 è5ø
Sum of the product of direction cosines 2 2 2
41. (b) Equation x + y + z + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d = 0
= 3 × 1 + 1 × (– 2) + 1× (– 1) = 0
represent a real sphere if u2 + v2 + w2 > d
3D-Geometry M-549

42. (b) We know, if x y z

a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = d1 and Þ – + =0
11 11/ 3 11
a2 x + b2 y + c2 z = d2
The above plane intercept the x-axis at 11.
are two planes then angle between them is 47. (a) Since l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 \ cos2 a + cos2 a + cos2 q = 1 .......... (i)
cos q = (Q A line makes the same angle a with x and y-axes and
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22 q with z-axis)
Let q be the angle between given planes Also, sin2 q = 2 sin2 a
Þ 1 – cos2 q = 2(1 – cos2 a) (Q sin2 A + cos2 A = 1)
Here, a1 = 2, b1 = – 1, c1 = 1
Þ cos2 q = 2cos2 a –1 .......... (ii)
a2 = 1, b2 = 1, c2 = 2
\ From Eq. (i) and (ii)
2 ´ 1 + 1 ´ ( -1) + 1 ´ 2 2 cos2 a + 2 cos2 a – 1 = 1
\ cos q =
4 +1+1 1+1+ 4 1
Þ 4 cos2 a = 2 Þ cos2 a =
2
3 1 p
= = = cos 1
6 2 3 Þ cos a = ±
2
p
Þ q= p 3p
3 Þ a= ,
43. (b) The equation of plane which is passing through x-axis 4 4
is 48. (c) Given centre of sphere is (6, – 1, 2) and eqn of plane is
x = a. 2x – y + 2z – 2 = 0
This plane also passes through (1, 2, 3) Since, sphere touches the plane therefore ^ distance
\ By putting x = 1 in eqn of plane, we get a = 1 from centre to the plane is radius of the sphere.
Hence x = 1 is required equation of plane.
15
44. (b) If (l1, m1, n1) and (l2, m2, n2) are the direction ratios \Radius = 2(6) – 1(–1) + 2(2) – 2 = =5
then angle between the lines is 4 +1+ 4 3
l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 \ Required equation of sphere is
cos q = ( x – 6)2 + (y + 1)2 + (z – 2)2 = 52
l12 + m12 + n12 l22 + m22 + n22
Þ x2 + y2 + z2 – 12x + 2y – 4z + 16 = 0
Here l1 = 1, m1 = 1, n1 = 1 and
49. (a) The intersection of given plane is
l2 = 1, m2 = – 1, n2 = n
x – y +2z – 1 + l (x + y – z – 3) = 0
and q = 60º
Þ x (1 + l) + y (l – 1) + z (2 – l) – 3l – 1 = 0
1´ 1 + 1´ (–1) + 1´ n
\ cos 60º = DR’s of normal to the above plane is
1 + 12 + 12 ´ 12 + 12 + n2
2
(1 + l, l – 1, 2– l)
1 n By taking option (a)
Þ 2= Þ3(2 + n 2 ) = 4 n 2
2 – 1 (1 + l) + 3(l – 1) + 2 (2 – l) = 0
3 2+n
Þ – 1– l + 3l – 3 + 4 – 2l = 0
Þ n2 = 6 Þ n = ± 6 Þ 0 = 0 which is true.
45. (b) Equation of plane passing through (1, –2, 4) and whose Hence, option (a) is correct.
normal (2, 1, 2) is 50. (c) The planes bx – ay = n, cy – bz = l and az – cx = m
2(x – 1) + 1 (y + 2) + 2(z – 4) = 0
intersect in a line, if al + bm + cn = 0.
Þ 2x – 2 + y + 2 + 2z – 8 = 0
51. (a) We know that the angle between the planes a1x + b1y
Þ 2x + y + 2z – 8 = 0
\ So, distance of the plane 2x + y + 2z – 8 = 0 from the + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is given by
point (3, 2, 3) is
2(3) + 1(2) + (2)(3) – 8 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
6 cos q =
= =
=2
4 + 1+ 4 3 a + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
2
1

46. (d) Equation of plane passing through (1, –3, 1) and whose
normal (1, –3, 1) is Given equation of planes are px + 2y + 2z – 3 = 0 and
1(x – 1) – 3 (y + 3) + 1 (z – 1) = 0 2x – y + z + 2 = 0
Þ x – 3y + z – 11 = 0 On comparing with standard equations, we get
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M-550 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

a1 = p, a2 = 2, b1 = 2, b2 = -1 , c1 = 2, c2 = 1 \ l1 l 2 + m1 m2 + n1 n2 = 0

p k -1 3
Also, q = ( given ) Now, l1 = , m1 = , n1 =
4 k + 10
2
k + 10
2
k + 10
2

p p ´ 2 + 2 ´ ( -1) + 2 ´1 2 k -1
\ cos = and l 2 = , m2 = , n2 =
4 p2 + 4 + 4 4 + 1 + 1 k +5
2
k +52
k2 +5

So, l1 l 2 + m1 m2 + n1 n2 = 0
1 2p 1 4 p2
Þ = Þ =
2 p2 + 8 6 2 p2 + 8 6 ( ) Þ
2k
k +10 k + 5
2 2
-
k
k +10 k + 5
2 2
-
3
k +10 k2 + 5
2
=0

3 p2 Þ 2k - k - 3 = 0
Þ = 2
4 p +8
Þ k =3
Þ 3 p + 24 = 4 p
2 2
Þ p = 24
2
For k = 3, AB is perpendicular to BC.
57. (d) Two planes ax + by + cz + d = 0 and ax + by + cz + d1
-1 æ 1 ö = 0 are parallel to each other.
52. (b) Required angle = cos ç ÷
è 3ø \ They have no common point.

æ 2 ö | 2(0) + 6(0) - 3(0) + 7 |

-1 58. (a) Required distance =
53. (d) Required angle = cos ç ÷
è 3ø (2) 2 + (6)2 + (-3)2

æ 2ö |7| 7
54.
-1
(c) Required angle = cos çç 3 ÷÷ = = =1
è ø 4 + 36 + 9 7
55. (b) Let equation of plane through z-axis is 59. (d) The given equation of the planes are x + y + 2z = 3 and
– 2x + y – z = 11.
ax + by = 0
We know that, the angle between the planes
It is given that this plane is parallel to the line a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0
x -1 y + 2 z - 3 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is given by
= =
cos q sin q 0
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
Since the plane parallel to the line cos q =
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
\ a cos q + b sin q = 0
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 1, c1 = 2, a2 = – 2, b2 = 1, c2 = – 1
Þ a cos q = -b sin q Þ a = -b tan q
\ - b tan qx + by = 0 1 ´ ( -2) + 1 ´ 1 + 2 ´ ( -1)
\ cos q =
1+1+ 4 4 +1+1
Þ x tan q - y = 0 (Q b ¹ 0 )
which is required equation of plane. -2 + 1 - 2 3 1 p p
= = = = cos Þq=
56. (d) Given points are A (k, 1, –1), B (2k, 0, 2) and C (2 + 2k, k, 1) 6 6 6 2 3 3
Let r1 = length of line 60. (a) The given equation of sphere is
x2 + y2 + z2 – x – y – z = 0
( 2k - k ) + ( 0 - 1) + ( 2 + 1)
2 2 2
AB = = k 2 + 10 On comparing with
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d = 0
( 2) + k 2 + ( -1)
2 2
and r2 = length of line BC =
1 1 1
we get, u = – , v =– , w=– , d=0
= k +5 2 2 2 2

Now, let l1 , m1 , n1 be direction-cosines of line AB and \ Radius of sphere = u 2 + v 2 + w2 - d

l 2 , m2 , n2 be the direction cosines of BC.
1 1 1 3
Since AB is perpendicular to BC = + + =
4 4 4 4
3D-Geometry M-551

61. (a) We have, Hence,

cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1 ... (i)
æ1ö æ 3ö
Þ 2cos2 a + 2cos2 b + 2cos2 g = 2 f(x, y, z) = 2x ç ÷ + 2y (1) + 2z ç ÷ + 0
è 2ø è 2ø
Þ 2cos2 a – 1 + 2cos2 b – 1 + 2cos2 g – 1 = 2 – 3
Þ cos 2a + cos 2b + cos 2g = – 1 = x + 2y + 3z
Hence statement - I is correct. 68. (b) We have
and now from (i),
cos 2 a + cos 2 b + cos 2 g = 1
1 – sin2 a + 1 – sin2 b + 1 – sin2 g = 1
Þ sin2 a + sin2 b + sin2 g = 2 Consider 1 + cos 2a + cos 2b + cos 2g
Hence, only statement I is correct.
62. (b) Only point (3, 7, 1) satisfy the equation of plane ( 2 2
) ( 2
= 1 + 2 cos a - 1 + 2 cos b - 1 + 2 cos g - 1 ) ( )
2x + 3y – 6z = 21
Hence, (3, 7, 1) lies on the plane. = 2 cos 2 a + 2 cos 2 b + 2 cos 2 g - 2
63. (a) Since, direction cosines are proportional to (2,3,4)
= 2 éêë cos a + cos b + cos g ùûú - 2 = 2 (1) – 2 = 0
and (1,–2,1) respectively 2 2 2
\ 2 × 1 + 3 × (– 2) + 4 × 1 = 0
\ Angle between the lines is 90°. 69. (b) Given equation of plane is 2x – y + 2z + 1 = 0
64. (a) Locus of points of intersection of a sphere and a plane Þ a = 2, b = – 1, c = 2
is circle.
1
65. (b) Given equations of two planes are 2x – y + z = 4 and Hence d.R 2, -1, 2 i.e., 1, - ,1
2
x + y + 2z = 6
So, angle between them is 70. (b) If q be the angle between the planes
a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0
2 (1) + ( -1) (1) + (1) ( 2 )
cos q =
4 +1+1 4 +1+1 then cos q = a1a 2 + b1b2 + c1c2
a12 + b12 + c12 . a 22 + b 22 + c22
2 -1+ 2 3 1
= = =
6 6 6 2
1 ( 2 ) + 1 ( -2 ) + 1 ( 2 )
cos q =
p 12 + 12 + 12 . 22 + ( -2 ) + 22
2
Þq= .
3
66. (d) Since, the required plane passing through (1, – 1, – 1) 2 1
therefore only equation given in option ‘d’ satisfied by = =
32 3 3
the point (1, – 1, – 1).
Hence, Required equation of plane is 71. (b) Let the direction cosines be l, m, n.
14x – 5y + 3z = 16 Let P (x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) be two points which
67. (b) As we know, general equation of sphere is joins a line.
given as \ x1 = 1, y1 = 2, z1 = – 3
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d = 0 ...(1) x2 = – 2, y2 = 3, z2 = 1
Given equation of sphere is
x 2 - x1
x2 + y2 + z2 + f(x, y, z) = 0 ...(2) Now, l =
2 2 2
On comparing both the equations (1) and (2), we get ( x 2 - x1 ) + ( y 2 - y1 ) + ( z 2 - z1 )
f(x, y, z) = 2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d
Since, sphere passing through (0, 0, 0), (– 1, 0, 0), -3
(0,–2,0), (0, 0, – 3) =
26
\ we have from (1),
1 y 2 - y1 1
d = 0, 1 – 2u = 0 Þ u = , m= =
26
2 ( x 2 - x1 )2 + ( y2 - y1 )2 + ( z 2 - z1 )2
3
4 – 4v = 0 Þ v = 1, 9 – 6w = 0 Þ w =
2
 EBD_7346
M-552 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
Also, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
4
n= 3 cos2 a = 1
26
1
cos a =
9 1 16 26 3
\ l2 + m2 + n2 = + + = =1
26 26 26 26
1 1 1
Always equal to 1 \ dc’s of the line are : , ,
3 3 3
72. (d) General equation of sphere is
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d = 0 77. (a) The given lines are:-
On comparing with the given equation we have x - 2 y - ( -1) z - ( -2 )
= = and
u = – 2, v = 3, w = – 4, d = – 7 1 -2 1

Radius = u 2 + v2 + w 2 - d æ 3ö
y-ç- ÷
=
x -1
= è 2 ø = z - ( -5 )
4 + 9 + 16 + 7 = 36 = 6
1 3 2
Diameter = 2 × 6 = 12 2
73. (c) We have,
dr’s of Ist line are:-
13 = ( 4 - 7) 2
+ ( 5 - 1) + ( l + 3)
2 2 a1 = 1, b1 = –2, c1 = 1
dr’s of IInd line are:-
169 = 9 + 16 + l2 + 9 + 6l
a2 = 2, b2 = 3, c2 = 4
Þ l2 + 6l – 135 = 0
Let ‘q’ be the angle b/w two lines, then,
Þ l2 + 15l – 9l – 135= 0
Þ l(l + 15) – 9 (l + 15) = 0 a1 a 2 + b1 b2 + c1 c2
Þ (l + 15) (l – 9) = 0 cos q =
Þ l = – 15 or l = 9 a12 + b12 + c12 . a 22 + b22 + c 22
cos q = 0
74. (a)
p
P Þ q=
2
r 78. (c) The equation of a plane parallel to the plane
3x + 4y – 5z = 0 is given by,
a 3x + 4y – 5z = d .... (i)
O A Since plane (i) passes through (1,2, 3) then, 3 + 8 – 15 = d
Þ d=–4
\ from (i),
Since line OP of length ‘r’which makes an angle ‘a’ 3x + 4y – 5z + 4 = 0
with x-axis lies in xz – plane. 79. (c) Let P1 : x – 3z – 4 = 0 and P2 : y – 2z + 3 = 0 be two planes
Therefore y-coordinate of P is zero. . Let ax +by + cz = d be the equation of line.
Now, from DOAP, we have Since, the line of intersection will be perpendicular to
OA = r cos a, PA = r sin a. the normal of both the planes
\ P = (r cos a, 0, r sin a) \ a(1) + b(0) + c(–3) = 0
75. (a) Equation of plane is x = 0 Þ a – 3c = 0 .... (i)
\ Required distance from (1, 2, 0) is
and a (0) + b(1) + c (–2) = 0
1.1 + 2.0 + 0.0 - 0 1 Þ b – 2c = 0 .... (ii)
= = = 1 unit
2 2 2 1 From (1) and (2) we have
1 +0 +0
76. (a) Let l, m, n are the dc’s of a line that is inclined equally a b c
= =
at a to the +ve direction of axes. 3 2 1
Now, l = cos a Hence, d.Rs = <3, 2, 1>.
m = cos a 80. (b) We know that dr’s of z-axis are (0, 0, 1)
n = cos a. So, dr’s of the required line are 0, 0 and 1
3D-Geometry M-553

Now, equation of the line passing through (a, b, c) and

1 æ 3ö
having dr’s 0, 0 and 1 is ççQ cos 30° = ÷
Þ cos2 b + cos2 g = 2 ÷ø
4 è
x-a y - b z-c
= =
0 0 1 85. (b) Given equation is
81. (c) Direction cosines of z-axis are 0, 0, 1 3x2 + 3y2 + (k + 1) z2 + x – y + z = 0
sum = 0 + 0 + 1 = 1 which will represents a sphere if
82. (a) Let A(0, 0, 0), B (1, 2, 3) and C (–3, –2, 1) be the vertices coeff of x2 = coeff of y2 = coeff of z2.
of a triangle. Þ 3=k+1
Þ k= 2
A (0, 0, 0) 86. (d) Given equation of plane are
2x – y –2z + 1 = 0
Þ a1 = 2, b1 = –1, c1 = –2, d1 = 1
and 3x – 4y + 5z – 3 = 0
Þ a2 = 3, b2 =–4, c2 = 5, d2 = –3
B C \ Required angle is
(1, 2, 3) (–3, –2, 1)
a1a 2 + b1b2 + c1c 2
cos q = ±
i j k a12 + b12 + c12 a 22 + b22 + c22
1
Area of DABC = 1 2 3
2
-3 -2 1 2 ( 3) + ( -1)( -4 ) + 5 ( -2 )
Þ cos q = =0
22 + 12 + 22 32 + 42 + 52
1 ˆ
= é i ( 2 + 6 ) - ˆj (1 + 9 ) + kˆ ( -2 + 6 ) ù
2ë û
Þq=
p
2
1 ˆ 1
= 8i - 10jˆ + 4kˆ = 64 + 16 + 100 87. (d) If the line is parallel to the plane then
2 2 al + bm + cn = 0

=
1
2
(
6 5 ) =3 5 88. (d) Y
83. (d) Given planes are (0, a, 0) C B (a, a, 0)
x – 2y + z = 1 .... (i)
and –3x + 6y – 3z = –2 (a, a, a)
D
P
2 (0, a, a)
º x – 2y + z = .... (ii) (a, 0,0)
3
Since both planes are parallel and a = 1, b = –2, c = 1 X
O A
-2 (0, 0,0)
and d1 = –1, d 2 = (0, 0, a)
3 F (a, 0, a)
E
d 2 - d1 Z
\ Distance =
a 2 + b2 + c2 diagonals are OP and AD and Acute anngle = q

a1a 2 + b1b2 + c1c2

2 cos q =
1-
Distance = 3 = 1 a12 + b12 + c12 a 22 + b22 + c 22
1+ 4 +1 3 6
a(- a) + (a)(a) + (a)(a)
=
84. (a) Direction cosines are a + a2 + a2 a2 + a2 + a2
2

cos30°, cosb and cos g.

Since we know
cos2 30 + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1
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M-554 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
\ 4u + 2v – 2w = –6 ...(i)
-a 2 + a 2 + a 2 a2 1 2u + 10v – 8w = – 42 ...(ii)
= = =
3a 2 3a 2 3a 2 3 and – 4u + 8v – 12w = – 56 ...(iii)
Þ 3 cos q = 1 From eqns (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
89. (b) (x – x1)2 + (y – y1)2 + (z – z1)2 = r2 u = 1, v = –2 and w = 3
Centre (0, 0, 0) and radius = 1 \ Radius of sphere =
(x – 0)2 + (y – 0)2 + (z – 0)2 = (1)2 u 2 + v2 + w 2
x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14
90. (c) Sum of squares of direction cosines
100. (a) From explanation 54
= (1)2 + (0)2 + (0)2 = 1
Centre of sphere,
2 ´ 0 + 0 ´1 + 2 ´ 0 - 3 3 (–u, –v, –w) = (–1, 2, –3)
91. (a) d= 2 2 2 = = 1 unit 101. (a) (1) Equation of sphere is
2 +1 + 2 3
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2x – 4y + 6z = 0
92. (b) Position vector of line segment = 2iˆ + 3jˆ + 6kˆ Put the value (0, 4, 0),we get
0 + 16 + 0 + 0 – 16 + 0 = 0
length = 22 + 32 + 62 = 49 = 7 units So, the sphere passes through the point (0, 4, 0).
93. (a) Direction ratios of normal to plane 2x + 3y – z = 7 is Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
< 2, 3, –1 > 2. Distance between the point (1, 1, 1) and centre of
x -1 y + 2 z - 3 sphere (–1, 2, –3)
94. (d) Equation of line, = =
2 3 -1 = (1 + 1)2 + (1 - 2)2 + (1 + 3) 2
Let P (2r + 1, 3r – 2, – r + 3) of the line meets the plane.
Then, 2(2r + 1) + 3 (3r – 2) – (– r + 3) = 0 = 4 + 1 + 16 = 21 ¹ 5
4r + 2 + 9r – 6 + r – 3 = 7 Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
14r = 14 102. (d) Equation of line passing through the points (2, 1, 3)
r=1
and (4, –2, 5) is
P (3, 1, 2) meets the plane.
95. (c) Let Q(x, y, z) is the image of (1, –2, 3) in the plane x-2 y -1 z - 3
= = =l
x +1 4 - 2 -2 - 1 5 - 3
=3Þx=5
2 x - 2 y -1 z - 3
Þ = = =l
y-2 2 -3 2
= 1Þy=4
2 Þ x = 2l + 2, y = – 3l + 1 and z = 2l + 3
z+3 Since, this line cuts the plane 2x + y – z = 3
=2Þz=1 So, (2l + 2, – 3l + 1 , 2l + 3) satisfies the equation of
2
\ Image of (1, –2, 3) are (5, 4, 1) plane
For (96-97) \ 2l + 2 – 3l + 1 – 2l – 3 = 3
x2 + y2 + z2 – 4y + 3 = 0 Þ –3l = 3
x2 + y2 – 4y + 4 – 4 + z2 + 3 = 0 Þ l = –1
x2 + (y – 2)2 + z2 = 1 ...(i) Hence, points are [2 (–1) + 2, – 3 (–1) + 1, 2 (–1) + 3] i.e.,
Sphere with centre (0, 2, 0) and radius 1 unit.
(0, 4, 1).
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2x + 4z – 4 = 0
103. (d) Let the ratio is k : 1
x2 + 2x + 1 – 1 + y2 + z2 + 4z + 4 – 4 – 4 = 0
(x + 1)2 + y2 + (z + 2)2 = 32 ...(ii)
Sphere with centre (–1, 0, –2) and radius 3 units.
96. (c) C1C2 = (0 + 1)2 + (2 - 0)2 + (0 + 2)2 = 3 units k 1
97. (c) r1 + r2 = 3 + 1 = 4 (2, 1, 3) (4, –2, 5)
C1C2 < r1 + r2
\ Two spheres intersect each other.
98. (c) Direction ratios < (2 – 6), (–3 + 7), (1 + 1) >
= < – 4, 4, 2 >
99. (b) Equation of sphere passing through origin is 4k + 2
Then, 0 =
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz = 0 k +1
which passes through the points (2, 1, –1), (1, 5, –4),
1
and (–2, 4, –6) Þ 4k + 2 = 0 Þ k = –
2
3D-Geometry M-555

-2k + 1 1 = (2 – 3)2 + (5 + 1)2 + (7 – 11)2

and 4 = Þ 4k + 4 = –2k + 1 Þ k = –
k +1 2
Hence, plane divides the line in ratio 1 : 2 externally. = 1 + 36 + 16 = 53 units.
104. (a) We know that, equation of plane passing through three \ Option (c) is correct.
non-collinear points (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2) and (x3, y3, z3) is 110. (a) Centroid = (1, 2, 3)
A
x - x1 y - y1 z - z1 (x, 0, 0)
x 2 - x1 y2 - y1 z2 - z1
=0
x3 - x1 y3 - y1 z3 - z1

Put the value of (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2) and (x3, y3, z3) C
we get (0, 0, z)
B (0, y, 0) C
x - 2 y - 2 z -1
æ x + 0+0 0+ y+0 0+0+zö
1 2 1 (1, 2, 3) = çè , , ÷
=0 3 3 3 ø
5 -2 5 \ x = 3, y = 6 and z = 9
Þ (x – 2) (10 + 2) – (y – 2) (5 – 5) + (z – 1) (–2 – 10) = 0 \ Intercept made by plane on the axes are 3, 6 and 9,
respectively.
Þ 12x – 12z = 12 Þ x – z = 1
\ Option (a) is correct.
Hence the equation of plane parses through (1, 0, 0)
105. (c) Direction ratios of the nomal to the plane x – z = 1 are 111. (d) The plane passes through the point A (3, 0, 0), B(0, 6, 0)
(1, 0, –1). and C(0, 0, 9). So, it should satisfy the equation given
in option for all the three points.
106. (d) The projection of a directed line segment on the From option (a)
co-ordinate axes are 12, 4, 3, respectively. For point A (3, 0, 0)
\ Length of the line segment = 12 2 + 42 + 32 x + 2y + 3z = 1
Þ 3+0+0¹1
= 144 + 16 + 9 = 169 = 13 units \ option (a) is wrong.
\ Option (d) is correct. From option (b)
For point A(3, 0, 0)
3x + 2y + z = 3
æ 12 4 3 ö
107. (a) Direction cosine of line segment = çè , , ÷ \ 3(3) + 0 + 0 ¹ 3
13 13 13 ø \ option (b) is wrong.
\ Option (a) is correct. From option (c)
For point A(3, 0, 0)
108. (b) Equation of line passing through P(3, –1, 11) and 2x + 3y + 6z = 18
x y–2 z–3 \ 2(3) + 0 + 0 ¹ 18
perpendicular to = = is: \ option (c) is wrong.
2 3 4
From option (d)
x – 3 y –1 z –1 For point A (3, 0, 0)
= =
–1 6 –4 6x + 3y + 2z = 18
The direction ratio are (–1, 6, – 4) Þ 6(3) + 0 + 0 = 18
\ Option (b) is correct. For point B(0, 6, 0)
6x + 3y + 2z = 18
109. (c) Now x2 – x1 = –1 \ 0 + 3(6) + 0 = 18
x2 – 3 = –1 For point C (0, 0, 9)
\ x2 = 2 6x + 3y + 2z = 18
Similarly, 0 + 0 + 2 × 9 = 18
y2 – y1 = 6 \ Option (d) is correct.
y2 + 1 = 6
\ y2 = 5 112. (b) Length of one of the diagonal of cube
and z2 – z1 = –4
z2 – 11 = –4 = (1)2 + (2)2 + (3)2
z2 = – 4 + 11 = 7
\ Co-ordinate of Q is (2, 5, 7) = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14 units
\ Length of segment PQ \ Option (b) is correct.
 EBD_7346
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113. (c) Equation of plane passing through (1, 2, 3) and parallel x=1
to xy-plane is z = 3. x+y=1
\ Option (c) is correct. y=1–x
114. (b) 3x2 + 3y2 + 3z2 – 8y + 4y + 8z – 15 = 0 At x = 1, y = 0
8 4 8
(x, y, z) º (1, 0, 0)
Þ x2 + y2 + z2 – x+ y+ z–5=0 Putting x = 0
3 3 3
y - z =1
2 2 2
æ 4 ö 16 æ 2ö 4 æ 4 ö 16 - y + 3z = 2
Þ ç x - ÷ - + ç y + ÷ - + çz + ÷ - -5 = 0
è 3ø 9 è 3ø 9 è 3ø 9 2z = 3
2 2 2
æ 4ö æ 2ö æ 4ö
ç x - ÷ + ç y + ÷ + ç z + ÷ = ( 3)
2
Þ 3
è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø z=
2
So radius is 3.
115. (a) Let the direction ratio be <a, b, c> 3 5
y = 1+ z = 1 + =
2 2
cos 90° =
( a )(1) + ( b)( -2) + ( c)( -2)
æ 5 3ö
a 2 + b2 + c2 (1) + ( -2) + ( -2)
2 2 2
( x, y , z ) º ç 0, , ÷
è 2 2ø
a – 2b – 2c = 0 ...(1)
Point of intersection ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) º (1, 0, 0)
cos90° =
( a )( 0) + b ( 2 ) + ( c )(1)
æ 5 3ö
a + b2 + c2 ( 0) + ( -2 ) + (1)
2 2 2 2 ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) º ç 0, , ÷
è 2 2ø
2b + c = 0 ...(2) Hence direction ratios of the line of intersection of given
From eq. (1) & (2) plane < 2, –5, –3 >.
a = – 2b; c = – 2b 119. (b) Eq. of plane through two given planes is :
116. (b) Plane z = 0 is simply (2x – y + 3z – 2) + l (x + y – z – 1) = 0
xy plane, so z quadrant value will be zero. Q It passes through (1, 0, 1)
y \3– l =0 Þl =3
\ Eq. of plane is:
(3, 5, 4) 5x +2y –5 = 0
120. (c) Plane P touches the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = r2 then
r = Distane between centre of sphere (0, 0, 0) to plance P.
x
5(0) + 2(0) - 5
Þr=
52 + 22 + (0)2
z
5
So, options (b) is correct option. =
25 + 4
117. (b) 5x + 2y + z – 13 = 0
Putting y = 0 & z = 0 5
r=
29
13
x=
5 121. (d) Let Q (x1, y1, z1) be the image of the point P.
The direction ratios of PQ are 3, –2, 2. ...(i)
Putting z = 0 & x = 0
x + 2 y -1 z + 5
13 The Equation of line PQ is = = =r
y= 3 -2 2
2 Coordinates of any point on the line PQ is 3r – 2, –2r +
Putting x = 0 & y = 0 1 and 2r – 5.
Let Q (3r – 2, –2r + 1, 2r – 5) be such a point.
z = 13
æ 3r ö
118. (a) To find, intersection point first put z = 0 Let L be the mid point of PQ, L = ç - 2, 1 - r , r - 5 ÷
è 2 ø
2x - y = 2 Since L lies on the plane 3x – 2y + 2z + 1 = 0
x+ y =1
3x = 3
3D-Geometry M-557

æ 3r ö a
So, 3 ç - 2 ÷ - 2(1 - r ) + 2(r - 5) + 1 = 0 Since a ¹ 0, a = 2x Þ x =
è 2 ø 2
17 b c
Þ r - 17 = 0 Þ r = 2 Similarly, we will get y = , z =
2 2 2
So, coordinates of Q are (3 × 2 – 2, –2 × 2 + 1, 2 × 2 – 5) 127. (c) P (3, 2, 4), Q (4, 5, 2), R (5, 8, 0), S (2, –1, 6)
= (4, –3, –1) ...(ii)
æ 3´ 2 ö PQ = ( 4 - 3 )2 + ( 5 - 2 ) 2 + ( 2 - 4 ) 2
Also the mid point of PQ is L = ç - 2, 1 - 2, 2 - 5 ÷
è 2 ø
= (1, –1, –3) ...(iii) = 1 + 9 + 4 = 14

\ PQ = ( -2 - 4)2 + (1 + 3)2 + ( -5 + 1) 2 = 68 QR = ( 5 - 4 )2 + ( 8 - 5 ) 2 + ( 0 - 2 ) 2
Þ PQ = 2 17 > 8 = 1 + 9 + 4 = 14
\ Option (d) is correct.
122. (c) From (i) above, 1 is correct.
We know that,
RS = ( 2 - 5) 2 + ( -1 - 8) 2 + ( 6 - 0 ) 2
Sum of direction cosines of the line segment PQ = 1.
= 9 + 81 + 36 = 126 = 3 14
123. (c) Let a, b, c be the direction ratios of the line.
Then its equation is
PS = ( 2 - 3)2 + ( -1 - 2 )2 + ( 6 - 4 )2
x-5 y+6 z -7
= = ...(i)
a b c = 1 + 9 + 4 = 14
Since (i) is parallel to the planes x + y + z = 1 and
2x – y – 2z = 3 then 14 14 14
a (1) + b (1) + c(1) = 0 and a (2) + b( -1) + c( -2) = 0
P Q R S
By cross multiplication
Since, PQ + QR + PS = RS, points are collinear.
a b c
= = =l 128. (d) Eqn. of line
-1 4 -3
x - x1 y - y1 z - z1
Þ a = -l, b = 4l, c = -3l Þ = =
x 2 - x1 y2 - y1 z 2 - z1
Þ Direction ratios of the line are
<–1, 4, –3> = <1, –4, 3> x -1 y - 2 z +1
124. (a) Substituting a, b, c in (i), we get i.e, = = = K ( say )
2 -3 3
x-5 y + 6 z -7
= = ...(ii) Þ x – 1 = 2K ; y – 2 = – 3K ; z + 1 = 3K
-1 4 -3 Þ x = 2K + 1 ; y = –3K + 2 ; z = 3K – 1
Hence, equation of the line is Since the line meets yz plane, x = 0
x-5 y + 6 z -7 -1
= =
-1 4 -3 \ 2K + 1 = 0 Þ K =
2
125. (b) D.C’s (0, 1, 0)
Since x and z are zero, the straight line is parallel to æ -1 ö 3 7
y – axis \ y = -3 ç ÷ + 2 = + 2 =
2
è ø 2 2
126. (c) A (0, 0, 0), B (a, 0, 0), C (0, b, 0), D (0, 0, c)
Let the equidistant point be P(x, y, z) æ -1 ö -3 -5
z = 3ç ÷ -1 = -1 =
i.e, AP = BP, AP = CP, AP = DP è ø2 2 2
129. (c) Given, lines x = ay + b and z = cy +d are perpendicular.
Þ ( x - 0 )2 + ( y - 0) 2 + ( z - 0 )2
x -b y z -d
2 Þ = = ...(i)
= ( x - a) 2
+y +z 2 a 1 c
Also, x = ey + f and z = gy + h are perpendicular.
Þ x 2 + y2 + z2 = ( x - a )2 + y 2 + z 2 x -f y z -h
Þ = = ...(ii)
Þ x2 = x2 – 2ax + a2 e 1 g
Þ a2 – 2ax = 0 We know, for ^r lines a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c1 c2 = 0
Þ a (a – 2x) = 0
Þ ae + 1 + cg = 0
 EBD_7346
M-558 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
130. (b) Given plane, x + 2y – 2z = 9. 133. (c)
Length of normal from origin to plane ax + by + cz = d is
d y

a 2 + b2 + c 2
9
\ length of the normal = (0, q, 0)
(1) 2 + ( 2) 2 + ( -2) 2 (a, b, c)
9 9 x
= =
= 3 units
9 3 (p, 0, 0)
131. (a) The equation of the line joining the points (–3, 4, –8)
and (5, –6, 4) is (0, 0, r)
x +3 y - 4 z+8 z
= = = k ( say )
8 -10 12
Equation of plane passing through points
Þ x + 3 = 8k; y – 4 = –10k; z + 8 = 12k
Þ x = 8k – 3; y = –10k + 4; z = 12k – 8 x y z
+ + =1
(p, 0, 0), (0, q, 0) and (0, 0, r) is
Given that this line intersects with xy plane. So, z = 0 p q r
8 2 Given that this plane passes through (a, b, c).
\ 12k - 8 = 0 Þ 12k = 8 Þ k = = .
12 3 a b c
\ + + =1
æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö p q r
\ x = 8 ç ÷ - 3; y = -10 ç ÷ + 4; z = 12 ç ÷ - 8
è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø Equation of sphere is x2 + y2 + z2 – px – qy – rz = 0.
16 -20 24 æp q rö
Þx= - 3; y = + 4; z = -8 Centre of the sphere = (l, m, n) = çè , , ÷ø
3 3 3 2 2 2
7 -8 Þ p = 2 l , q = 2m, r = 2n
Þ x = ; y = ;z = 0
3 3 a b c
\ locus of the centre Þ x + y + z = 2.
æ 7 -8 ö
\ ( x, y, z ) = ç , , 0÷ 134. (a) Given planes, p1 : x + y + z = 1
è3 3 ø
p2 : 2x + 3y + 4z = 7
132. (b) Given direction ratios are (2, –1, 2) and (x, 3, 5)
So, equation of plane passing through intersection of
We know that the angle between the lines whose
planes p1 and p2 is
direction ratios are (a1, b1, c1) and (a2, b2, c2) is
x + y + z – 1 + k(2x + 3y + 4z – 7) = 0.
a1a 2 + b1b2 + c1c2 Þ x + y + z – 1 + 2kx + 3ky + 4kz – 7k = 0
cos q = Þ x(1 + 2k) + y(1 + 3k) + z(1 + 4k) – 1 – 7k = 0.
a12 + b12 + c12 a 22 + b 22 + c 22 This is perpendicular to x – 5y + 3z = 5.
Þ x – 5y + 3z – 5 = 0.
p 2x - 3 + 10 2x + 7 Þ 1(1 + 2k) – 5 (1 + 3k) + 3(1 + 4k) = 0
Þ cos = =
4 2
4 + 1 + 4 x + 9 + 25 9 × x 2 + 34 Þ 1 + 2k – 5 – 15k + 3 + 12k = 0
Þ – k – 1 = 0 Þ k = –1
1 2x + 7 x 2 + 34 \ Equation of plane is x + y + z – 1 – 1 (2x + 3y + 4z – 7) = 0
Þ = Þ 2x + 7 = 3 Þ x + y + z – 1 – 2x – 3y – 4z + 7 = 0
2 3 x 2 + 34 2
Þ –x – 2y – 3z + 6 = 0

2
Þ 4x + 49 + 28x =
(
9 x 2 + 34 ) (Squaring on both
Þ x + 2y + 3z – 6 = 0.
135. (c) A(1, 8, 4), B(0, –11, 4), C(2, –3, 1)
2 Let D = (a, b, g)
sides) A (1, 8, 4)
Þ 2(4x2 + 49 + 28x) = 9x2 + 306
Þ 8x2 + 98 + 56x = 9x2 + 306
Þ x2 – 56x + 208 = 0
56 ± 3136 - 812 56 ± 48
\x = = = 28 ± 24
2 2
= 4, 52. B D C
Smaller value = 4. (0, –11, 4) (a , b , g ) (x, –3, 1)
3D-Geometry M-559

Direction ratios of BC = (x2 – x1, y2 – y1, z2 – z1) 138. (d) Given,

Let, (a, b, c) = (2, 8, –3) P = (1, –1, 1)
Direction ratios of AD = (x2 – x1, y2 – y1, z2 – z1) Q = (3, –2, 2)
Let (a¢, b¢, c¢) = (a – 1, b – 8, g – 4)
R = (0, 2, 6)
Since, AD is perpendicular to BC,
P (1, –1, 1)
aa¢ + bb¢ + cc¢ = 0
Þ 2(a – 1) + 8(b – 8) – 3(g – 4) = 0.
Þ 2a – 2 + 8b – 64 – 3g + 12 = 0
Þ 2a + 8b – 3g – 54 = 0 ....(1)
On substituting the options, we find option (c) is correct.
when (a, b, g) = (4, 5, –2) q
(1) Þ 2(4) + 8(5) – 3(–2) – 54 = 0 R
Þ 8 + 40 + 6 – 54 = 0 Q (3, –2, 2) (0, 2, 6 )
Þ 0 = 0. Direction ratios of PQ(a1, b1, c1) = (3 – 1, –2 + 1, 2 – 1)
136. (a) We know, the equation of plane passing through 3 = (2, –1 ,1)
points (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2) and (x3, y3, z3) is Direction ratios of PR(a2 ,b2, c2) = (0 – 1, 2 + 1, 6 – 1)
x - x1 y - y1 z - z1 = (–1, 3, 5)
Let us calculate, a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
x 2 - x1 y 2 - y1 z2 - z1 = 0 .
= (2) (–1) + (–1) (3) + (1) (5)
x3 - x1 y3 - y1 z3 - z1
= – 2 –3 + 5
So, the plane passing through points (–2, 6, –6), (–3, = 0.
10, –9) and (–5, 0, –6) is \ PQ ^ PR i.e., ÐQPR = 90°
x+2 y-6 z+6 In ÐPQR, ÐP + ÐQ + ÐR = 180° Þ 90° + q + ÐR = 180°
Þ ÐR = 90° – q
-1 4 -3 = 0
139. (a) Given, centre of sphere (h, k, l) = (–2, 3, 4)
-3 -6 0 radius (r) = 6 units.
Þ (x + 2) (–18) – (y – 6) (–9) + (z + 6) (6 + 12) = 10 Equation of sphere is (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 + (z –l)2 = r2
Þ –18x – 36 + 9y – 54 + 18z + 108 = 0 Þ (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 + (z – 4)2 = 62
Þ –18x + 9y + 18z + 18 = 0 Þ x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 6y + 9 + z2 – 8z + 16 = 36
Þ 2x – y – 2z – 2 = 0 Þ x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x – 6y – 8z = 7
Þ 2x – y – 2z = 2.
137. (c) Let the sphere passing through points A(a, 0, 0), B(0, 3 ´ 2 - 6 ´ 3 + 2 ´ 4 + 11
b, 0), C(0, 0, c) 140. (a) Distance =
32 + ( -6) 2 + (2) 2
Equation of sphere is x2 + y2 + z2 – ax – by – cz = 0
1 2 6 - 18 + 8 + 11
radius, r = a + b 2 + c2 = =1
2 49
Þ a2 + b2 + c2 = 4r2 ....(1) 141. (c) Go through the option (c)
(Squaring on both sides) 142. (d) drs of line is 2, 3, 4
Let (a, b, g) be centroid of sphere.
going through option,
æ a + 0 + 0 0 + b + 0 0 + 0 + cö
\ ( a, b, g ) = ç , , ÷
2(1) + 3(2) + 4(–2) = 0
è 3 3 3 ø 2(4) + 3(4) – 4(5) = 0
æ a b cö 143. (c) Angle between planes
=ç , , ÷
è 3 3 3ø
-1 æ 2 - 1 + 2 ö
= cos çè ÷
a2
b 2
c 2 6 ø
\ a 2 + b2 + g 2 = + +
9 9 9 -1 æ 1 ö p
a 2 + b 2 + c2 = cos çè ÷ø =
2 3
=
9 Distance between planes
4r 2
= (from (1)) 2
9 -4
3 10 10
Þ 9(a2 + b2 + g2) = 4r 2 = = =
9 3´3 9
So, Locus is 9(x2 + y2 + z2) = 4r2.
 EBD_7346
M-560 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
144. (c) The equation of sphere is \ Equation is (2x + y + 2z – 9)
x2 + y2 + z2 – 6x + 8y – 10z + 1 = 0.
1
Comparing the equation with general form of sphere, + (4x - 5y - 4z - 1) = 0
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz – d – 0, 3
Þ 6x + 3y + 6z – 27 + 4x – 5y – 4z – 1 = 0
-6 8 -10 Þ 10x – 2y + 2z – 28 = 0
we get, u = = -3, v = = 4, w = = 5, d = 1
2 2 2 Þ 10x – 2y + 2z = 28
146. (a) Given planes : 4x – 2y + 4z + 9 = 0
Radius = u 2 + v 2 + w2 - d
Þ 8x – 4y + 8z + 18 = 0 ...(1)
8x – 4y + 8z + 21 = 0 (2)
= (-3)2 + (4)2 + (5)2 - 1
| d1 - d 2 | | 18 - 21|
= 9 + 16 + 25 - 1 = 49 = 7 Distance = =
2
a +b +c 2 2 64 + 16 + 64
145. (a) The equation of plane passing through the intersection
of planes 2x + y + 2z = 9 and 4x – 5y – 4z = 1 is
(2x + y + 2z – 9) + l (4x – 5y – 4z – 1) = 0
3 3 1
= = =
Given that this plane passes through (3, 2, 1) 144 12 4
Þ 2 (3) + 2 + 2 (1) – 9 + l [4 (3) – 5 (2) – 4 (1) –1] = 0 147. (d)
Þ 1 + l (–3) = 0
1
Þl=
3
Statistics M-561

Statistics 24
1. The production of food grains in Maharashtra is given for Assertion (A) : We cannot find out the regression of x on y
the 12 years from 1992 to 2003. Which one of the following from that of y on x.
representations is most suitable to depict the data ? Reason (R) : In one equation x is dependent variable and y
(a) A simple bar diagram is independent whereas in other equation y is dependent
(b) A pie diagram variable and x is independent.
(c) A component bar diagram with the components (a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct
arranged in chronological order explanation of A.
(d) A broken line graph [2006-I] (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
2. In a manufacture of ready-made garments, which average is
used to find the most frequent size ? (c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true. [2006-I]
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean
8. If from the point of intersection of two ogives, a
(c) Mode (d) Harmonic mean perpendicular is drawn on the x-axis, what does the x-
[2006-I] coordinate give?
3. Under what condition will the angle between two regression (a) Arithmetic Mean (b) Mode
lines become zero ? (c) Median (d) Geometric Mean
(a) r = 0 (b) Only when r = + 1 [2006-II]
(c) Only when r = – 1 (d) r = ±1 [2006-I] 9. The marks scored by two students A and B in six subjects
4. What is the arithmetic mean of the series are given below:
n
C0 , n C1 ,....... n C n , ? A 71 56 45 89 54 44
B 55 74 83 54 38 52
2n Which one of the following statements is correct ?
2n
(a) (b) (a) The average scores of A and B are same but A is
n (n + 1) consistent
(b) The average scores of A and B are not same but A is
2(n +1) 2(n +1) consistent
(c) (d) [2006-I]
n (n + 1) (c) The average scores of A and B are same but B is
5. The standard deviation of n observations x1, x2,.......xn is 6. consistent
The standard deviation of another set of n observations y1, (d) The average scores of A and B are not same but B is
y2, ........., yn is 8. What is the standard deviation of n consistent [2006-II]
observations x1 – y1, x2 – y2 ,........, xn – yn ? 10. If we join the mid points of the upper horizontal sides of
(a) 10 (b) 7 each rectangle of a histogram by straight lines, what is the
figure so obtained known as ?
(c) 14 (d) 2 [2006-I]
(a) Frequency curve (b) Frequency polygon
6. Following is the frequency distribution of life length in hours (c) Ogive (>) (d) Ogive (<) [2006-II]
of 100 electric bulbs :
11. The definition of Mode fails if:
Life length of (a) the maximum frequency is repeated
8.5 - 13.5 13.5 - 18.5 18.5 - 23.5 23.5 - 28.5 28.5 - 33.5 33.5 - 38.5
bulbs (in hrs)
No. of bulbs 7 x 40 y 10 2
(b) the maximum frequency is not repeated
(c) the maximum frequency occurs in the middle
If the median of life length is 20 hours, then what are the
missing frequencies (x, y) ? (d) the curve drawn with the help of given data is
symmetrical [2006-II]
(a) (28, 13) (b) (23, 18)
12. A firm employing 30 workers and paying on an average
(c) (31, 10) (d) (25, 16) [2006-I] Rs 500 is combined with another firm employing 20 workers
7. The following question consist of two statements, one paying on an average Rs 600. What is the average pay of
labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason the workers of the combined firm ?
(R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully (a) Rs 540 (b) Rs 550
and select the answer. (c) Rs 560 (d) Rs 580 [2006-II]
 EBD_7346
M-562 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
13. Which one of the following statement is not correct? 21. If AM of numbers x1, x2.... xn is m , then what is the AM of
(a) Median divides distributions into two equal subgroups the numbers which are increased by 1, 2, 3, ...n respectively?
(b) The third quartile is the same as the 75th percentile
(c) The 5th decile is the same as the 50th percentile æ n +1 ö
(a) m +ç ÷ (b) m [2007-II]
(d) The 50th decile is the same as the 5th percentile è 2 ø
[2007-I]
14. The mean weight of all the students in a certain class is n(n + 1) æ n + 1) ö
(c) m+ (d) m - ç ÷
60 kg. The mean weight of the boys from the class is 70 kg. 2 è 2 ø
while that of the girls is 55 kg. What is the ratio of number of 22. In computing a measure of the central tendency for any set
boys to that of girls? of 51 numbers, which one of the following measures is well-
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 defined but uses only very few of the numbers of the set?
(c) 1: 4 (d) 4 : 1 [2007-I] (a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean [2007-II]
A (c) Median (d) Mode
B
23. The data below record the itemwise quarterly expenditure
of a private organization :
15. Item of expenditure Amount (in lakh rupees)
1. Salaries 6.0
2. TA & DA 4.9
Frequency curves for the distribution of blood pressure 3. House rent and postage 3.6
readings of certain athletes before exercise (A) and after 4. All other expenses 5.5
exercise(B) are plotted together as shown in the figure above. Total : 20.0
From the frequency curves, which one of the following can The data is represented by a pie diagram. What is the
be concluded? sectorial angle of the sector with largest area?
(a) Both distributions are identical
(a) 120° (b) 108°
(b) Both distributions have the same mean value
(c) Both distributions have the same mean value but (c) 100° (d) 90° [2007-II]
different variance 24. The following question consist of two statements, one
(d) Both distributions have the same variance but different labelled as the 'Assertion (A)' and the other as 'Reason
mean values [2007-I] (R)'. You are to examine these two statements carefully
16. If the slopes of the line of regression of Y and X and of X and select the answer.
and Y are 30° and 60° respectively, then r(X , Y) is : While constructing the cumulative frequency column of a
(a) –1 (b) 1 frequency distribution, it is noticed that these cumulative
frequencies are in arithmetic progression.
1 1
(c) (d) – [2007-I] Assertion (A) : All the class frequencies are equal.
3 3 Reason (R) : When all the class frequencies are equal, the
17. If you want to measure the intelligence of a group of cumulative frequencies are in arithmetic progression.
students,which one of the following measures will be more (a) Both A and R are individually true, and R is the correct
suitable? explanation of A.
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Mode (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
(c) Median (d) Geometric mean correct explanation of A.
[2007-I] (c) A is true but R is false.
18. In a binomial distribution, the mean is 4 and the variance is (d) A is false but R is true. [2007-II]
3. What is the mode?
25. If in a frequency distribution table with 12 classes, the width
(a) 6 (b) 5
(c) 4 (d) 3 [2007-I] of each class is 2.5 and the lowest class boundary is 6.1,
19. If X is changed to a + hU and Y to b + kV, then which one of then what is the upper class boundary of the highest class?
the following is the correct relation between the regression (a) 30.1 (b) 27.6
coefficients bXY and bUV? (c) 30.6 (d) 36.1 [2007-II]
(a) h bXY = k bUV (b) k bXY = h bUV 26. Consider the following statements :
(c) bXY = bUV (d) k2 bXY = h2 bUV The appropriate number of classes while constructing a
[2007-I] frequency distribution should be chosen such that
20. Students of two schools appeared for a common test 1. the class-frequency first increases to a peak and then
carrying 100 marks. The arithmetic means of their marks for declines.
school I and II are 82 and 86 respectively. If the number of 2. the class-frequency should cluster around the class
students of school II is 1.5 times the number of students of mid point.
school I, what is the arithmetic mean of the marks of all the Which of the statements given is/are correct?
students of both the schools? [2007-II] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) 84.0 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [2008-I]
(b) 84.2 27. The populations of four towns A, B, C and D as on 2001 are
(c) 84.4 as follows :
(d) This cannot be calculated with the given data
Statistics M-563

Town Population X 1 2 3 4
A 6863 35. Frequency 2 3 5
f
B 519 The frequency distribution of a discrete variable X with one
C 12185 missing frequency f is given above. If the arithmetic mean of
D 1755 23
What is the most appropriate diagram to present the above X is , what is the value of the missing frequency?
8
data?
(a) Pie diagram (b) Bar chart [2008-II]
(c) Cubic chart (d) Histogram [2008-I] (a) 5 (b) 6
28. Consider the two series of observations A and B as follows: (c) 8 (d) 10
36. For a set of discrete numbers, three measures of central
Series A 1019 1008 1015 1006 1002 tendency are given below [2008-II]
Series B 1.9 0.8 1.5 0.6 0.2 1. Arithmetic mean
2. Median
If the standard deviation of the Series A is 38, then what 3. Geometric mean
is the standard deviation of the Series B? Which of the above measures may not have a meaningful
definition?
(a) 3.8 (b) 0.38 (a) 1 only
(c) 0.38 (d) 38 [2008-I] (b) 2 only
29. If n1 and n2 are the sizes, G1 and G2 the geometric means of (c) 3 only
two series respectively, then which one of the following (d) All of them are meaningfully defined
expresses the geometric mean (G) of the combined series? 37. Consider the following three methods of collecting data
n G + n 2G 2 (1) collecting data from government offices [2008-II]
(a) log G = 1 1
n1 + n 2 (2) collecting data from public libraries
(3) collecting data by telephonic interview
n 2 log G1 + n1 log G 2 Select the correct answer using the code given below
(b) log G =
n1 + n 2 (a) All the three methods give secondary data
n1 log G1 + n 2 log G 2 (b) 1 and 2 give secondary and 3 gives primary data
(c) G= (c) 1 and 3 give secondary and 2 gives primary data
n1 + n 2
(d) 2 and 3 give secondary and 1 gives primary data
(d) None of the above [2008-I] 38. The arithmetic mean of 4 numbers is 15. The arithmetic mean
30. Let x be the mean of n observations x1, x2, ....., xn. If (a – b) of another 6 numbers is 12. What is the arithmetic mean of
is added to each observation, then what is the mean of new the combined 10 numbers? [2008-II]
set of observations? (a) 12.2 (b) 12.8
(a) 0 (b) x (c) 13.2 (d) 13.8
(c) x – (a – b) (d) x + (a – b) [2008-I] 39. The average sales and standard deviation of sales for four
months for a company are as follows :
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4
31. Average sales 30 57 82 28
Standard 2 3 4 2
The frequency curve for the distribution of income in a deviation of sales
region is positively skewed as shown in the figure above. During which month are the sales most consistent?
Then, for this distribution [2009-I]
(a) Mean < Mode < Median (a) Month 1 (b) Month 2
(b) Mode < Median < Mean (c) Month 3 (d) Month 4
(c) Mode < Mean < Median 40. The marks scored by two students A and B in six subjects
(d) Median < Mean < Mode [2008-I] are given below
32. What is the value of n for which the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., n
have variance 2? [2008-II] A 71 56 55 75 54 49
(a) 4 (b) 5 B 55 74 83 54 38 52
(c) 6 (d) 8 Which one of the following statements is most appropriate?
33. What is the arithmetic mean of the series nC1, nC2, nC3...nCn [2009-I]
? [2008-II] (a) The average scores of A and B are same but A is consistent
(a) (2n – 1)/n (b) 2n/(n + 1) (b) The average scores of A and B are not same but A is
(c) (2n)/n (d) 2(n+1) / (n + 1) consistent
34. The average age of 20 students in a class is 15 yr. If the (c) The average scores of A and B are same but B is
teacher’s age is included, the average increases by one. consistent
What is the teacher’s age? [2008-II]
(d) The average scores of A and B are not same but B is
(a) 30 yr (b) 21 yr
consistent
(c) 42 yr (d) 36 yr
 EBD_7346
M-564 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
41. In a factory, there are 30 men and 20 women employees. If 49. Correlation between two variable is said to be perfect if
the average salary of men is Rs 4050 and the average salary [2009-II]
of all the employees is Rs 3550, then what is the average (a) one variable increases, the other also increases
salary of women? [2009-I] (b) one variable increases, the other decreases
(a) Rs 3800 (b) Rs 3300 (c) one variable increases, the other also increases
(c) Rs 3000 (d) Rs 2800 proportionally
42. What is the standard deviation of numbers 7, 9, 11, 13, 15? (d) one variable increases, the oth er decreases
[2009-I] proportionally
50. Consider the following statements
(a) 2.2 (b) 2.4
I. The data, which are collected from the unit or individual
(c) 2.6 (d) 2.8 respondents directly for the purpose of certain study
43. If the monthly expenditure pattern of a person who earns a or information are known as primary data.
monthly salary of Rs 15000 is represented in a pie diagram, II. The data obtained in a census study are primary data.
then the sector angle of an item on transport expenses Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2009-II]
measures 15°. What is his monthly expenditure on transport? (a) I only (b) II only
[2009-I] (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(a) Rs 450
(b) Rs 625 DIRECTIONS (Qs. 51-53) : The table below gives an incomplete
(c) Rs 675 frequency distribution with two missing frequencies f1 and f2
(d) Cannot be computed from the given data
Value of x Frequency
n n

44. If å( x i – 2 ) = 110, å( x
i =1
i – 5) = 20, then what is the 0 f1
i =1 1 f2
mean? [2009-I]
2 4
(a) 11/2 (b) 2/11
(c) 17/3 (d) 17/9 3 4
45. A class consists of 3 sections A, B and C with 35, 35 and 30 4 3
students respectively. The arithmetic means of the marks
secured by students of sections A and B, who appeared for The total frequency is 18 and the arithmetic mean of x is 2.
a test of 100 marks are 74 and 70 respectively. The arithmetic 51. What is the value of f2? [2010-I]
mean of the marks secured by students of section C, who (a) 4 (b) 3
appeared for a test in the same subject which carried 75 (c) 2 (d) 1
marks is 51. What is the average percentage of marks secured 52. What is the standard deviation? [2010-I]
by all the 100 student of the three sections? [2009-II]
5 5
(a) 70.0 (b) 70.8 (a) (b)
(c) 65.0 (d) 67.5 2 3
46. In a study on the relationship between investment (X) and 4 16
profit (Y), the following two regression equations were (c) (d)
3 9
obtained based on the data on X and Y [2009-II] 53. What is the coefficient of variance? [2010-I]
3 X + Y – 12 = 0 200 50 5
X + 2Y – 14 = 0 (a) (b)
3 9
What is the mean X ? 600
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) (d) 150
(c) 4 (d) 2 5
54. What is the mean deviation of the data 2, 9, 9, 3, 6, 9, 4?
47. Following table gives the mean and variance of monthly
(a) 2.23 (b) 2.57 [2010-II]
demand for four products A, B, C and D in a supermarket
(c) 3.23 (d) 3.57
Product A B C D 55. A set of n values x1, x2,...,xn has standard deviation s. What
Mean demand 60 90 80 120 is the standard deviation of n values x1 + k, x2 + k....,xn + k?
Variance 12 25 36 16 [2010-II]
For which product the demand is consistent? [2009-II] (a) s (b) s + k
(a) Product A (b) Product B (c) s – k (d) k s
56. The two lines of regression are 8x – 10y = 66 and
(c) Product C (d) Product D
40x – 18y = 214 and variance of x series is 9. What is the
48. What is the least value of the standard deviation of 5 integers, standard deviation of y series? [2010-II]
no two of which are equal? [2009-II] (a) 3 (b) 4
(a) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8
(b) 2 57. The standard deviation of some consecutive integers is
found to be 2. Which of the following statements best
(c) 2 describes the nature of the consecutive integers?
(d) No such least value can be computed [2010-II]
Statistics M-565

(a) The integers are any set of eight consecutive integers 62. What is the missing frequency y ? [2010-II]
(b) The integers are any set of eight consecutive positive (a) 20 (b) 16
integers (c) 15 (d) 12
(c) The integers are any set of seven consecutive integers 63. What is the cumulative frequency of the modal
(d) None of the above class ? [2010-II]
58. Consider the following data : [2010-II] (a) 31
Factory - A Factory - B (b) 35
M ean wage of workers ` 540 ` 620 (c) 66
(d) Cannot be determined as the given data is insufficient.
Standard deviation of ` 40.50 ` 31 64. Class Interval 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20
wages Frequency 3 7 6 5
What is the variability in the wages of the workers in Consider the following statements in respect of the above
Factory - A? frequency distribution.
(a) 100 % more than the variability in the wages of the I. The median is contained in the modal class.
workers in Factory - B II. The distribution is bell-shaped.
(b) 50% more than the variability in the wages of the Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2011-I]
workers in Factory -B (a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) 50% less than the variability in the wages of the workers (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
in Factory-B DIRECTIONS (Qs. 65-66) : The following table gives the
(d) 150% more than the variability in the wages of the continuous frequency distribution of a continuous variable X
workers in Factory-B
59. The distributions X and Y with total number of Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
observations 36 and 64, and mean 4 and 3 respectively are Frequency 5 10 20 5 10
combined. What is the mean of the resulting distribution 65. What is the median of the above frequency
X + Y? [2010-II] distribution? [2011-I]
(a) 3.26 (b) 3.32 (a) 23 (b) 24
(c) 3.36 (d) 3.42 (c) 25 (d) 26
60. Consider the following data : [2010-II] 66. What is the mean of the above frequency distribution?
x 5 7 8 4 6 (a) 25 (b) 26 [2011-I]
y 2 4 3 2 4 (c) 27 (d) 28
What is the regression equation of y on x?
(a) y = 0.6 + 0.4 x (b) y = 0.7 + 0.3 x 67. Consider the following statements with regard to correlation
(c) y = 6 + 5x (d) y = 4 + 9x coefficient r between random variables x and y.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 61-63) : The frequency distribution of life of [2011-I]
90 TV tubes whose median life is 17 months is as follows I. r = + 1 or – 1 means there is a linear relationship between
the variables.
Life of TV tubes (in months) No. of TV tubes II. -1 £ r £ 1 and r 2 is a measure of the linear
0-5 3 relationship between the variables.
5-10 12 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
10-15 x (a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
15-20 35
68. If the values of a set are measured in cm, what will be the
20-25 y unit of variance? [2011-I]
25-30 4 (a) cm (b) cm2
Q n = 90 (c) cm3 (d) No unit
n 69. What is the cumulative frequency curve of statistical data
Q = 45 commonly called? [2011-I]
2
(For qs. 61-63) (a) Cartogram (b) Histogram
(c) Ogive (d) Pictogram
Calss Frequency cf 70. The average daily income of workers of a factory including
0-5 3 3 that of the owner is ` 110. However, if the income of the
5-10 12 15 owner is excluded, the average daily income of the remaining
10-15 x 15 + x 9 workers is ` 76. What is the daily income of the owner?
15-20 35 50 + x (a) ` 300 (b) ` 316 [2011-I]
20-25 y 50 + x + y (c) ` 322 (d) ` 416
25-30 4 54 + x + y 71. Which one of the following is the mean of the data given
below? [2011-II]
61. What is the lower limit of the median class ? [2010-II]
(a) 10 (b) 15 xi 6 10 14 18 24 28 30
(c) 20 (d) 25 fi 2 4 7 12 8 4 3
 EBD_7346
M-566 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
(a) 17 (b) 18 82. In which year is the male population minimum? [2011-II]
(c) 19 (d) 20 (a) 1995 (b) 1996
72. Students of three sections of a class, having 30, 30 and 40 (c) 1997 (d) 1998
students appeared for a test of 100 marks. The arithmetic 83. In which year is the female population maximum?
means of the marks of the three sections are 72.2, 69.0 and (a) 1995 (b) 1996 [2011-II]
64.1 in that order. What is the arithmetic mean of the marks (c) 1997 (d) 1998
of all the students of the three sections? [2011-II] 84. What is the percentage of rural male population (over the
(a) 66.6 (b) 67.3 whole population) in the year 1998? [2011-II]
(c) 68.0 (d) 70.6 80 100
73. If the variance of the data 2, 4, 5, 6, 17 is v, then what is the (a) % (b) %
variance of the data 4, 8, 10, 12, 34? [2011-II] 3 3
(a) v (b) 4v (c) 35% (d) 40%
(c) v2 (d) 2v DIRECTIONS (Qs. 85- 88) :
74. The mean of 7 observations is 10 and that of 3 Note : Study the pie chart given below and answer the next 04
observations is 5. What is the mean of all the 10 (four) questions that follow :
observations? [2011-II]
The following pie chart gives the distribution of funds in a five
(a) 15 (b) 10
year plan under the major heads of development expenditures:
(c) 8.5 (d) 7.5
Agriculture (A), Industry (B), Education (C), Employment (D) and
75. Some measures of central tendency for n discrete
observations are given below: [2011-II] Miscellaneous (E)
1. Arithmetic mean 2. Geometric mean The total allocation is 36,000 (in crores of rupees).
3. Harmonic mean 4. Median E
A desirable property of a measure of central tendency is if
every observation is multiplied by c, then the measure of A
central tendency is also multiplied by c, where c > 0. Which
of the above measures satisfy the property? B
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only 45°
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only 90°
30°
(c) 3 and 4 only
120° C
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
76. A variate X takes values 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. What is the
mode? [2011-II]
(a) 2 (b) 3 D
(c) 4 (d) 5
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 77- 84) : 85. Which head is allocated maximum funds? [2011-II]
Note : Study the following Table and Answer the next 08 (Eight) (a) Agriculture (b) Industry
Questions that follow: (c) Employment (d) Miscellaneous
86. How much money (in crores) is allocated to
Male Female Education? [2011-II]
Year Total
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total (a) 3000 (b) 6000
1995 280 350 310 1350 (c) 9000 (d) 10800
1996 370 670 180 450 87. How much money (in crores) is allocated to both Agriculture
1997 130 440 190 and Employment? [2011-II]
1998 400 280 290 (a) 20000 (b) 21000
Total 1060 850 (c) 24000 (d) 27000
77. What is the total population for the year 1997? [2011-II] 88. How much excess money (in crores) is allocated to
(a) 810 (b) 830 Miscellaneous over Education? [2011-II]
(c) 970 (d) 1030 (a) 3600 (b) 4200
78. What is the female urban population in the year 1995? (c) 4500 (d) 4800
(a) 390 (b) 410 [2011-II] 89. What is the median of the distribution 3, 7, 6, 9, 5, 4, 2 ?
(c) 430 (d) 470 (a) 5 (b) 6 [2011-II]
79. What is the urban population in the year 1997? [2011-II] (c) 7 (d) 8
(a) 400 (b) 460 90. What is the arithmetic mean of first 16 natural numbers with
(c) 490 (d) 510 weights being the number itself ? [2012-I]
80. What is the total population in the year 1998? [2011-II]
(a) 1000 (b) 1020 17 33 187
(a) (b) (c) 11 (d)
(c) 1040 (d) 1050 2 2 2
81. What is the difference between the number of females and 91. What is the mode for the data 20, 20, 20, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22,
the number of males in the year 1995? [2011-II] 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 24, 24, 25?
(a) 90 (b) 100 (a) 7 (b) 21 [2012-I]
(c) 110 (d) 120 (c) 22 (d) 25
Statistics M-567

92. Consider the following statements: (a) ` 180 (b) ` 1000

1. A continuous random variable can take all values in an (c) ` 900 (d) ` 360
interval. 102. If the mean of few observations is 40 and standard deviation
2. A random variable which takes a finite number of values is 8, then what is the coefficient of variation ? [2012-II]
is necessarily discrete. (a) 1% (b) 10%
3. Construction of a frequency distribution is based on (c) 20% (d) 30%
data which are discrete. 103. What is the standard deviation of 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 ?
Which of the above statements are correct? [2012-I] (a) 2.4 (b) 2.5 [2012-II]
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 2.7 (d) 2.8
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 104. Which one of the following is a measure of dispersion ?
93. Consider the following statements: (a) Mean (b) Median [2012-II]
1. Two independent variables are always uncorrelated. (c) Mode (d) Standard deviation
2. The coefficient of correlation between two variables X 105. Let X and Y be two related variables. The two regression
and Y is positive when X decreases then Y decreases. lines are given by x – y + 1 = 0 and 2x – y + 4 = 0. The two
Which of the above statements is/are correct? regression lines pass through the point : [2012-II]
[2012-I] (a) (–4, –3) (b) (– 6, – 5)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) (3, – 2) (d) (– 3, – 2)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
94. A variate X takes values 2, 9, 3, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 10. What is the 106. The marks obtained by 13 students in a test are 10, 3, 10, 12,
9, 7, 9, 6, 7, 10, 8, 6, 7. The median of this data is ?
median? [2012-I]
(a) 2 (b) 4 (a) 7 (b) 8 [2013-I]
(c) 7 (d) 9 (c) 9 (d) 10
95. The mean of 10 observations is 5. If 2 is added to each 107. Consider the following statements:
observation and then multiplied by 3, then what will be the 1. Both variance and standard deviation are measures of
new mean ? [2012-II] variability in the population.
2. Standard deviation is the square of the variance.
(a) 5 (b) 7 Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2013-I]
(c) 15 (d) 21 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
96. What is the mean of first n odd natural numbers ? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
108. Consider the following frequency distribution :
( n + 1)
(a) n (b) [2012-II]
2 Class interval 0 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50
n ( n + 1) Frequency 14 x 27 y 15
(c) (d) n + 1
2 If the total of the frequencies is 100 and mode is 25, then
97. The arithmetic mean of numbers a, b, c, d, e is M. What is the which one of the following is correct? [2013-I]
value of (a – M) + (b – M) + (c – M) + (d – M) + (e – M) ? (a) x = 2y (b) 2x = y
[2012-II] (c) x = y (d) x = 3y
(a) M (b) a + b + c + d + e
109. The average marks obtained by the students in a class are
(c) 0 (d) 5 M
43. If the average marks obtained by 25 boys are 40 and the
98. The algebraic sum of the deviations of 20 observations
average marks obtained by the girl students are 48, then
measured from 30 is 2. What would be the mean of the
what is the number of girl students in the class ? [2013-I]
observations? [2012-II]
(a) 30 (b) 32 (a) 15 (b) 17
(c) 30.2 (d) 30.1 (c) 18 (d) 20
99. The median of 27 observations of a variable is 18. Three 110. Marks obtained by 7 students in a subject are 30, 55, 75, 90,
more observations are made and the values of these 50, 60, 39. The number of students securing marks less than
observations are 16, 18 and 50. What is the median of these the mean marks is [2013-I]
30 observations ? [2012-II] (a) 7 (b) 6
(a) 18 (c) 5 (d) 4
(b) 19 111. Variance is always independent of the change of
(c) 25.5 (a) origin but not scale [2013-I]
(d) Can not be determined due to insufficient data (b) scale only
100. Frequency curve may be: [2012-II] (c) both origin and scale
(a) symmetrical (b) positive skew (d) None of the above
(c) negative skew (d) all the above 112. If two lines of regression are perpendicular, then the
101. The monthly family expenditure (in percentage) on different correlation coefficient r is
items are as follows : [2012-II]
1
(a) 2 (b) [2013-I]
Food Rent Cloth Transport Education Others 2
38 19 18 - 9 6 (c) 0 (d) None of the above
113. The standard deviation of the observations 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 is
If the total monthly expenditure is ` 9000, then what is the (a) 0 (b) 5 [2013-I]
expenditure on transport ? (c) 20 (d) 25
 EBD_7346
M-568 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
114. The mean of 20 observations is 15. On checking, it was found 124. The variance of numbers x1, x2,x3,......xn,is V. Consider the
that two observations were wrongly copied as 3 and 6. If following statements : [2014-I]
wrong observations are replaced by correct values 1. If every x1 is increased by 2, the variance of the new set
8 and 4, then the correct mean is [2013-II] of the new set of numbers is V.
(a) 15 (b) 15.15 2. If the numbers xi is squared, the variance of the new set
(c) 15.35 (d) 16 is V2.
115. The arithmetic mean of the squares of the first n natural Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
numbers is [2013-II] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1nor 2
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 125. What is the mean of the squares of the first 20 natural
(a) (b)
6 2 numbers ? [2014-I]
(n + 1)(2n + 1) (n + 1)(2n + 1) (a) 151.5 (b) 143.5
(c) (d) (c) 65 (d) 72
6 3 126. The cumulative frequency of the largest observed value must
116. Consider the following statements : [2013-II] always be : [2014-I]
1. Both the regression coefficients have same sign. (a) Less than the total number of observations
2. If one of the regression coefficients is greater than (b) Greater than the total number of observations
unity, the other must be less than unity. (c) Equal to total number of observations
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (d) Equal to mid point of the last class interval
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 127. Let X denote the number of scores which exceed 4 in 18,
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 tosses of a symmetrical die. Consider the following
117. Which one of the following measures is determined only statements : [2014-I]
after the construction of cumulative frequency distribution ? 1. The arithmetic mean of X is 6.
[2013-II] 2. The standard deviation of X is 2.
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Mode Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(c) Median (d) Geometric mean (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
118. Coefficient of correlation is the measure of [2013-II] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) central tendency
(b) dispersion DIRECTIONS: (Qs. 128 - 130) For the next three (03) items that
(c) both central tendency and dispersion follow :
(d) neither central tendency nor dispersion Number of telephone calls received in 245 succesive one minute
119. What is the variance of the first 11 natural numbers ? intervals at an exchange is given below in the following frequency
[2013-II] distribution. [2014-I]
(a) 10 (b) 11
(c) 12 (d) 13 Number of calls 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
120. Consider the following statements : [2013-II] Frequency 14 21 25 43 51 40 39 12
1. The algebraic sum of the deviations of a set of n values
from its arithmetic mean is zero. 128. What is the mean of the distribution ?
2. In the case of frequency distribution, mode is the value (a) 3.76 (b) 3.84
of variable which corresponds to maximum frequency. (c) 3.96 (d) 4.05
Which of the statements above given is/are correct ? 129. What is the median of the distribution ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 3.5 (b) 4
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 4.5 (d) 5
121. Consider the following statements : [2013-II]
130. What is the mode of the distribution ?
1. Pie diagrams are suitable for categorical data.
2. The arc length of a sector of a pie diagram is (a) 3 (b) 4
proportional to the value of the component represented (c) 5 (d) 6
by the sector. DIRECTIONS: (Qs. 131-133) For the next three (03) items that
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? follow :
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only The mean and standard deviation of 100 items are 50, 5 and that of
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 150 items are 40, 6 respectively. [2014-I]
122. The variance of 20 observations is 5. If each observation is 131. What is the combined mean of all 250 items ?
multiplied by 2, then what is the new variance of the resulting
observations ? [2013-II] (a) 43 (b) 44
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 45 (d) 46
(c) 20 (d) 40 132. What is the combined standard deviation of all 250 items ?
123. For two variables x and y, the two regression coefficients are (a) 7.1 (b) 7.3
byx = –3/2 and bxy = – 1/6. The correlation coefficient between (c) 7.5 (d) 7.7
x and y is : [2014-I] 133. What is the variance of all 250 items ?
(a) –1/4 (b) 1/4 (a) 50.6 (b) 53.3
(c) –1/2 (d) 1/2 (c) 55.6 (d) 59.6
Statistics M-569

134. Consider the following statements in respect of histogram : 1. The data is best represented by a broken line graph,
[2014-II] each corner (turning point) representing the data of
1. The histogram is a suitable representation of a one year.
frequency distribution of a continuous variable. 2. Such a graph depicts the chronological change and
2. The area included under the whole histogram is the also enables one to make a short-term forecast.
total frequency. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
144. The mean of five numbers is 30. If one number is excluded,
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
their mean becomes 28. The excluded number is [2015-I]
135. The regression lines will be perpendicular to each other if (a) 28 (b) 30
the coefficient of correlation r is equal to [2014-II] (c) 35 (d) 38
(a) 1 only (b) 1 or –1 145. The ‘less than’ ogive curve and the ‘more than’ ogive curve
(c) –1 only (d) 0 intersect at [2015-I]
136. If x and y are the means of two distrubutions such that (a) median (b) mode
(c) arithmetic mean (d) None of these
x < y and z is the mean of the combined distrubution,
146. The geometric mean of the observations x1, x2, x3, ...... xn is
then which one of the following statements is correct ? G1, The geometric mean of the observations y1, y2, y3,....yn
[2014-II] is G2. The geometric mean of observations
(a) x < y < z (b) x > y > z x1 x 2 x 3 x
, , ,.... n is [2015-II]
y1 y2 y3 yn
x+y
(c) z= (d) x < z < y (a) G1G2 (b) 1n (G1G2)
2
137. What is the mean deviation about the mean for the data 4, 7, G1 æG ö
(c) (d) ln ç 1 ÷
8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17 ? [2014-II] G2 è G2 ø
(a) 2.5 (b) 3 147. The arithmetic mean of 1, 8, 27, 64,..... up to n terms is given
(c) 3.5 (d) 4 by [2015-II]
138. The variance of 20 observations is 5. If each observation is
multiplied by 2, then what is the new varianve of the resulting n(n + 1) n(n + 1)2
(a) (b)
observations ? [2014-II] 2 2
(a) 5 (b) 10 n(n + 1) 2 n 2 (n + 1)2
(c) 20 (d) 40 (c) (d)
4 4
139. The mean and the variance 10 observations are given to be 148. The regression coefficients of a bivariate distribution are
4 and 2 respectively. If every observation is multiplied by 2, –0.64 and –0.36. Then the correlation coefficient of the
the mean and the variance of the new series will be distribution is [2015-II]
respectively [2015-I] (a) 0.48 (b) – 0.48
(a) 8 and 20 (b) 8 and 4 (c) 0.50 (d) – 0.50
(c) 8 and 8 (d) 80 and 40 149. What is the mean deviation from the mean of the numbers
140. Which one of the following measures of central tendency is 10, 9, 21, 16, 24 ? [2016-I]
used in construction of index numbers? [2015-I] (a) 5×2 (b) 5×0 (c) 4×5 (d) 4×0
(a) Harmonic mean (b) Geometric mean
(c) Median (d) Mode 150. If the total number of observations is 20, Sx i = 1000 and
141. The correlation coefficient between two variables X and Y is Sx 2i = 84000, then what is the variance of the distribution?
found to be 0 × 6. All the observations on X and Y are
[2016-I]
transformed using the transformations U = 2 – 3X and V = 4
(a) 1500 (b) 1600
Y + 1. The correlation coefficient between the transformed
(c) 1700 (d) 1800
variables U and V will be [2015-I]
(a) -0 × 5 (b) +0 × 5 151. The mean of the series x1, x2, ..., xn is X. If x2 is replaced by
(c) -0 × 6 (d) +0 × 6 l , then what is the new mean? [2016-I]
142. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect X - x2 - l
of regression coefficients? [2015-I] (a) X - x2 + l (b)
n
1. It measures the degree of linear relationship between
two variables. X - x2 + l nX - x 2 + l
(c) (d)
2. It gives the value by which one variable changes for a n n
unit change in the other variable. 152. For the data
Select the correct answer using the code given below. 3, 5, 1, 6, 5, 9, 5, 2, 8, 6
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only the mean, median and mode are x, y and z respectively.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Which one of the following is correct? [2016-I]
143. A set of annual numerical data, comparable over the years, (a) x = y ¹ z (b) x ¹ y = z
is given for the last 12 years. [2015-I]
(c) x ¹ y ¹ z (d) x = y = z
 EBD_7346
M-570 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
153. Consider the following statements in respect of a histogram: (a) 1 only 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
[2016-I] (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. The total area of the rectangles in a histogram is equal 159. Two variates, x and y, are uncorrelated and have standard
to the total area bounded by the corresponding
frequnecy polygon and the x-axis. deviations s x and s y respectively. What is the correlation
2. When class intervals are unequal in a frequency coefficient between x+y and x – y ? [2016-II]
distribution, the area of the rectangle is proportional sx + sy
to the frequency. sx s y
(a) (b) 2s x s y
Which of the above statements is/are correct? s 2x + s 2y
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 s 2x - s 2y s y - sx
154. Consider the following statements: [2016-II] (c) (d) sx s y
s 2x + s 2y
1. The mean and median are equal in symmetric
distribution. 160. A random sample of 20 people is classified in the following
2. The range is the difference between the maximum value table according to their ages: [2016-II]
and the minimum value in the data. Age Frequency
3. The sum of the areas of the rectangles in the histogra
is equal to the total area bounded by the frequency 15 – 25 2
polygon and the horizontal axis. 25 – 35 4
Which of the above statements are correct? 35 – 45 6
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 45 – 55 5
155. The scores of 15 students in an examination were recorded 55 – 65 3
as 10, 5, 8, 16, 18, 20, 8, 10, 16, 20, 18, 11, 16, 14 and 12. After What is the mean age of this group of people?
calculating the mean, median and mode, an error is found. (a) 41.0 (b) 41.5
One of the values is wrongly written as 16 instead of 18. (c) 42.0 (d) 42.5
Which of the following measures of central tendency will 161. If the covariance between x and y is 30, variance of x is 25
change? [2016-II] and variance of y is 144, then what is the correlation
(a) Mean and median (b) Median and mode coefficient? [2016-II]
(c) Mode only (d) Mean and mode (a) 0.4 (b) 0.5
156. For 10 observations on price (x) and supply (y), the (c) 0.6 (d) 0.7
following data was obtained : [2016-II]
162. The variance of 20 observations is 5. If each observation is
å x = 130, å y = 220, multiplied by 3, then what is the new variance of the
resulting observations? [2017-I]
å x = 2288, å y = 5506 and å xy = 3467 .
2 2
(a) 5 (b) 10
What is line of regression of y on x? (c) 15 (d) 45
(a) y = 0.91 x + 8.74 (b) y = 1.02x + 8.74 163. The mean of a group of 100 observations was found to be
(c) y = 1. 02x –7.02 (d) y = 0.91 x –7.02 20. Later it was found that four observations were incorrect,
157. In a study of two groups, the following results were which were recorded as 21, 21, 18 and 20. What is the mean
obtained: [2016-II] if the incorrect observations are omitted? [2017-I]
(a) 18 (b) 20
Group Group (c) 21 (d) 22
A B 164. If two regression lines between height (x) and weight (y)
Sample Size 20 25 are 4y – 15x + 410 = 0 and 30x – 2y – 825 = 0, then what
Sample mean 22 23 will be the correlation coefficient between height and
Sample standard deviation 10 12 weight? [2017-I]
Which of the following statements is correct? 1 1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) Group A is less variable than Group B because Group 3 2 3 4
A’s standard deviation is smaller. 165. In an examination, 40% of candidates got second class.
(b) Group A is less variable than Group B because Group When the data are represented by a pie chart, what is the
A’s sample size is smaller. angle corresponding to second class? [2017-I]
(c) Group A is less variable than Group B because Group (a) 40° (b) 90°
A’s sample mean is smaller. (c) 144° (d) 320°
(d) Group A is less variable than group B because Group 166. Consider the following statements : [2017-I]
A’s coefficient of variation is smaller. Statement 1 : Range is not a good measure of dispersion.
158. Consider the following statements in respect of class Statement 2 : Range is highly affected by the existence of
intervals of grouped frequency distribution: [2016-II] extreme values.
1. Class intervals need not be mutually exclusive. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
2. Class intervals should be exhaustive. above statements?
3. Class intervals need not be of equal width. (a) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and
Which of the above statements are correct? Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1
Statistics M-571

(b) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but (a) (1, 1) (b) (–1, 1)
Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of
Statement 1 æ 1 ö æ 1 10 ö
(c) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct (c) ç - , 2÷ (d) ç , ÷
è 2 ø è3 3 ø
(d) Statement 2 is correct but Statement 1 is not correct
167. If the data are moderately non-symmetrical, then which one 175. It is given that X = 10, Y = 90, sX = 3, s Y = 12 and
of the following empirical relationships is correct? [2017-I] rXY = 0.8. The regression equation of X on Y is
(a) 2 × Standard deviation = 5 × Mean deviation
(b) 5 × Standard deviation = 2 × Mean deviation [2017-II]
(c) 4 × Standard deviation = 5 × Mean deviation (a) Y = 3.2X + 58 (b) X = 3.2Y + 58
(d) 5 × Standard deviation = 4 × Mean deviation (c) X = –8 + 0.2Y (d) Y = –8 + 0.2X
168. Data can be represented in which of the following forms? 176. The following table gives the monthly expenditure of two
1. Textual form 2. Tabular form families :
3. Graphical form Expenditure (in `)
Select the correct answer using the code given below. Items Family A Family B
[2017-I]
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only Food 3,500 2,700
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Clothing 500 800
169. For given statistical data, the graphs for less than ogive Rent 1,500 1,000
and more than ogive are drawn. If the point at which the Education 2,000 1,800
two curves intersect is P, then abscissa of point P gives the Miscellaneous 2,500 1,800
value of which one of the following measures of central
tendency? [2017-I] In constructing a pie diagram to the above data, the radii of
(a) Median (b) Mean the circles are to be chosen by which one of the following
(c) Mode (d) Geometric mean ratios? [2017-II]
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 10 : 9
1 (c) 100 : 91 (d) 5 : 4
170. If the regression coefficient of x on y and y on x are -
2 177. If a variable takes values 0, 1, 2, 3, ...., n with frequencies
1 1, C(n, 1), C(n, 2), C(n, 3), ...., C(n, n) respectively, then the
and - respectively, then what is the correlation arithmetic mean is [2017-II]
8
coefficient between x and y? [2017-I] (a) 2n (b) n + 1
1 1 n
(a) - (b) - (c) n (d)
4 16 2
1 1 178. Consider the following statements : [2017-II]
(c) (d) 1. Variance is unaffected by change of origin and change
16 4
171. A sample of 5 observations has mean 32 and median 33. of scale.
Later it is found that an observation was recorded incorrectly 2. Coefficient of variance is independent of the unit of
as 40 instead of 35. If we correct the data, then which one of observations.
the following is correct? [2017-I] Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) The mean and median remain the same (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) The median remains the same but the mean will (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
decrease 179. The coefficient of correlation when coefficients of
(c) The mean and median both will decrease regression are 0.2 and 1.8 is [2017-II]
(d) The mean remains the same but median will decrease (a) 0.36 (b) 0.2
172. Consider the following statements : [2017-II] (c) 0.6 (d) 0.9
1. Coefficient of variation depends on the unit of 180. In a Binominal distribution, the mean is three times its
measurement of the variable. variance. What is the probability of exactly 3 successes out
2. Range is a measure of dispersion. of 5 trials? [2018-I]
3. Mean deviation is least when measured about median.
Which of the above statements are correct? 80 40
(a) (b)
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 243 243
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
173. Given that the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of a 20 10
(c) (d)
sample of 15 observations are 24 and 0 respectively. Then 243 243
which one of the following is the arithmetic mean of the 181. If the correlation coefficient between x and y is 0.6,
smallest five observations in the data? [2017-II] covariance is 27 and variance of y is 25, then what is the
(a) 0 (b) 8 variance of x? [2018-I]
(c) 16 (d) 24
9 81
174. Which one of the following can be considered as (a) (b)
appropriate pair of values of regression coefficient of y on 5 25
x and regression coefficient of x on y? [2017-II] (c) 9 (d) 81
 EBD_7346
M-572 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
182. Let x be the mean of x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,...., x n . If xi = a + cyi for 191. The correlation coefficient computed from a set of 30
observations is 0.8. Then the percentage of variation not
some constants a and c, then what will be the mean of y1,
explained by linear regression is [2018-II]
y2, y3, ...., yn? [2018-I]
(a) 80% (b) 20%
1
(a) a +cx (b) a - x (c) 64% (d) 36%
c
192. The average age of a combined group of men and women is
1 x-a 25 years. If the average age of the group of men is 26 years
(c) x-a (d)
c c and the of the group of women is 21 years, then the
183. Consider the following statements: [2018-I] percentage of men and women in the group is respectively
1. If the correlation coefficient r xy = 0, then the two lines [2018-II]
of regression are parallel to each other. (a) 20, 80 (b) 40, 60
2. If the correlation coefficient r xy = + 1, then the two
lines of regression are perpendicular to each other. (c) 60, 40 (d) 80, 20
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 193. Consider the following statements: [2018-II]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 1. If 10 is added to each entry on a list then the average
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 increase by 10.
184. If 4x – 5y + 33 = 0 and 20x – 9y = 107 are two lines of 2. If 10 is added to each entry on a list, then the standard
regression, then what are the values of x and y deviation increase by 10.
respectively? [2018-I] 3. If each entry on a list is doubled, then the average
(a) 12 and 18 (b) 18 and 12 doubles.
(c) 13 and 17 (d) 17 and 13
Which of the above statement are correct?
185. Consider the following statements: [2018-I]
1. Mean is independent of change in scale and change in (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
origin. (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
2. Variance is independent of change in scale but not in 194. The variance of 25 observations is 4. If 2 is added to each
origin. observation, then the new variance of the resulting
Which of the above statements is/are correct? observations is [2018-II]
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
186. Consider the following statements: [2018-I] (c) 6 (d) 8
1. The sum of deviations from mean is always zero. 195. If the regression coefficient of Y on X is – 6, and the correlation
2. The sum of absolute deviations is minimum when taken
1
around median. coefficient between X and Y - , then the regression
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only coefficient of X on Y would be [2018-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1 1
187. What is the median of the numbers 4.6, 0, 9.3, –4.8, 7.6, 2.3, (a) (b) -
12.7, 3.5, 8.2, 6.1, 3.9, 5.2? [2018-I] 24 24
(a) 3.8 (b) 4.9 1 1
(c) 5.7 (d) 6.0 (c) - (d)
188. In a test in Mathematics, 20% of the students obtained “first 6 6
class”. If the data are represented by a Pie-Chart, what is the 196. The set of bivariate observation (x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..... (xn, yn)
central angle corresponding to “first class”? are such that all the values are distinct and all the
[2018-I] observations fall on a straight line with non-zero slope. Then
(a) 20° (b) 36° the possible values of the correlation coefficient between x
(c) 72° (d) 144° and y are [2018-II]
189. The mean and standard deviation of a set of values are 5 (a) 0 and 1 only (b) 0 and – 1 only
and 2 respectively. If 5 is added to each value, then what is
(c) 0, 1 and – 1 (d) – 1 and 1 only
the coefficient of variation for the new set of values?
[2018-I] 197. An analysis of monthly wages paid to the workers in two
(a) 10 (b) 20 firms A and B belonging to the same industry the following
(c) 40 (d) 70 result: [2018-II]
190. The standard deviation s of the first N natural numbers can
be obtained using which one of the following formulae? Firm A Firm B
[2018-I] Number of workers 500 600
Average monthly ` 1860 ` 1750
N2 - 1 N2 - 1 wage
(a) s= (b) s =
12 12 Variance of 81 100
distribution of
N -1 N2 - 1
(c) s= (d) s = wages
12 6N
Statistics M-573

The average of monthly wages and variance of distribution 201. The mean of 100 observations is 50 and the standard
of wages of all the workers in the firms A and B taken together deviation is 10. If 5 is subtracted from each observation
are [2018-II] and then it is divided by 4, then what will be the new mean
and the new standard deviation respectively ?
(a) ` 1860, 100 (b) ` 1750, 100 [2019-I]
(c) ` 1800m, 81 (d) None of above (a) 45, 5 (b) 11.25, 1.25
198. Which one of the following can be obtained from an ogive? (c) 11.25, 2.5 (d) 12.5, 2.5
[2018-II] 202. Consider the following statements : [2019-I]
1. The algebraic sum of deviations of a set of values
(a) Mean (b) Median from their arithmetic mean is always zero.
(c) Geometric mean (d) Mode 2. Arithmetic mean > Median > Mode for a symmetric
199. In any discrete series (when all values are not same) if x distribution.
represents mean deviation about mean and y represents Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
standard deviation, then which one of the following is correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
[2018-II]
203. Let the correlation coefficient between X and Y be 0.6.
(a) y³x (b) y£x Random variables Z and W are defined as Z = X + 5 and W
(c) x = y (d) x < y Y
= . What is the correlation coefficient between Z and W?
200. In which one of the following cases would you except to get 3
a negative correlation? [2018-II] [2019-I]
(a) The ages of husbands and wives (a) 0.1 (b) 0.2
(b) Shoe size and intelligence (c) 0.36 (d) 0.6
204. If all the natural numbers between 1 and 20 are multiplied
(c) Insurance companies profits and the number of claims by 3, then what is the variance of the resulting series ?
they have to pay [2019-I]
(d) Amount of rainfall and yield of crop (a) 99.75 (b) 199.75
(c) 299.25 (d) 399.25

ANSWER KEY
1 (a) 22 (d) 43 (b) 64 (d) 85 (c) 106 (b) 127 (c) 148 (b) 169 (a) 190 (b)
2 (c) 23 (b) 44 (c) 65 (c) 86 (a) 107 (d) 128 (a) 149 (a) 170 (a) 191 (d)
3 (d) 24 (a) 45 (b) 66 (b) 87 (b) 108 (c) 129 (b) 150 (c) 171 (b) 192 (d)
4 (b) 25 (d) 46 (d) 67 (c) 88 (c) 109 (a) 130 (b) 151 (d) 172 (b) 193 (c)
5 (d) 26 (b) 47 (d) 68 (d) 89 (a) 110 (d) 131 (b) 152 (d) 173 (d) 194 (b)
6 (c) 27 (b) 48 (c) 69 (c) 90 (a) 111 (a) 132 (c) 153 (c) 174 (a) 195 (b)
7 (a) 28 (b) 49 (c) 70 (d) 91 (c) 112 (c) 133 (c) 154 (d) 175 (c) 196 (d)
8 (c) 29 (b) 50 (c) 71 (c) 92 (b) 113 (a) 134 (a) 155 (d) 176 (b) 197 (d)
9 (d) 30 (d) 51 (a) 72 (c) 93 (a) 114 (b) 135 (d) 156 (b) 177 (b) 198 (b)
10 (b) 31 (d) 52 (c) 73 (d) 94 (b) 115 (c) 136 (d) 157 (d) 178 (b) 199 (d)
11 (d) 32 (b) 53 (a) 74 (c) 95 (d) 116 (c) 137 (b) 158 (b) 179 (c) 200 (c)
12 (a) 33 (a) 54 (b) 75 (b) 96 (a) 117 (c) 138 (c) 159 (c) 180 (a) 201 (c)
13 (d) 34 (d) 55 (a) 76 (a) 97 (c) 118 (d) 139 (c) 160 (b) 181 (d) 202 (a)
14 (b) 35 (b) 56 (b) 77 (a) 98 (d) 119 (a) 140 (b) 161 (b) 182 (d) 203 (d)
15 (d) 36 (d) 57 (c) 78 (b) 99 (b) 120 (c) 141 (c) 162 (d) 183 (d) 204 (c)
16 (c) 37 (b) 58 (b) 79 (c) 100 (d) 121 (c) 142 (b) 163 (b) 184 (c)
17 (b) 38 (c) 59 (c) 80 (d) 101 (c) 122 (c) 143 (c) 164 (b) 185 (d)
18 (c) 39 (c) 60 (a) 81 (a) 102 (c) 123 (c) 144 (d) 165 (c) 186 (c)
19 (b) 40 (b) 61 (b) 82 (c) 103 (d) 124 (a) 145 (a) 166 (a) 187 (b)
20 (c) 41 (d) 62 (a) 83 (a) 104 (d) 125 (b) 146 (c) 167 (c) 188 (c)
21 (a) 42 (d) 63 (c) 84 (a) 105 (d) 126 (c) 147 (c) 168 (d) 189 (b)
 EBD_7346
M-574 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (a) A simple bar diagram is most suitable for this. 12. (a) Let n denote number of workers and x, the pay.
2. (c) Mode is most suitable for this. n1 = 30, n2 = 20, x1 = ` 500, x2 = ` 600
3. (d) The angle between two regression lines becomes zero n1x1 + n 2 x 2
if r = ± 1. \ Combined average =
4. (b) Since, expansion contains (n + 1) terms, n1 + n 2
n 30 ´ 500 + 20 ´ 600 15000 + 12000
C0 + n C1 + n C2 + ¼¼ +n Cn = =
Required mean = 30 + 20 50
(n + 1)
27000
= = 540
2n 50
=
n +1 Combined average pay = ` 540
5. (d) The standard deviation of n observation x1, x2, ……, 50
xn is 6 and of y1, y2, ……, yn is 8, then the standard 13. (d) 50th decile = =5
10
deviation of n observation x1 – y1, x2 – y2, x3 – y3,……,
xn– yn is 8 – 6 = 2. 5 5
and 5th percentile = 5¹
6. (c) Let x = 31 and y = 10 100 100
C.I. x f cf 14. (b) Let there be x number of boys and y number of girls.
8.5 – 13.5 11 7 7 Total students = x + y
13.5 – 18.5 16 31 38 Total weight of the students = (x + y)60
Total weight for boys = x × 70
18.5 – 23.5 21 40 78
Total weight for girls = y × 55
23.5 – 28.5 26 10 88 Hence, (x + y)60 = 70x + 55y
28.5 – 33.5 31 10 98 60x + 60y = 70x + 55y
33.5 – 38.5 36 2 100 5y = 10x Þ y = 2x
N x 1
Q N = 100, \ = 50 = Þ x : y = 1: 2
2 y 2
\ Median group is 18.5 – 23.5 15. (d) From observation of the graph it is noted the nature
\ L1 = 18.5, L2 = 23.5, C = 38, h = 5, f = 40 is similar, but are centered around different values,
æN ö hence, they have same variance, but different mean
ç - C÷ values.
è 2 ø ´h 16. (c) Slope of line of regression of Y and X, is 30°. So
\ Median = L1 +
f 1
byx = tan 30° = and for X and Y it is 60°.
50 - 38 12 ´ 5 3
= 18.5 + ´ 5 = 18.5 + = 18.5 + 1.5 = 20
40 40
Thus, our assumption is correct. Therefore missing Hence, 1 = tan 60° = 3
b xy
numbers are 31 and 10 respectively.
7. (a) All are correct statement and R is correct explanation 1 1
of A. byx = and bxy =
3 3
8. (c) The x-coordinate of the point of intersection of two
ogives, gives median. 1
r(x, y) = r2 = byx . bxy =
71 + 56 + 45 + 89 + 54 + 44 3
9. (d) Average score of A =
6 1
so, r = ±
359 3
= = 59.83
6
1
and average score of Since, byx and bxy are both positive, r = +
55 + 74 + 83 + 54 + 38 + 52 356 3
B= = = 59.33 17. (b) To measure the intelligence of a group of students mode
6 6
will be more suitable.
Variation is lesser in case of B than A. So, the average
scores of A and B are not same but B is consistent. 18. (c) As give, np = 4 and npq= 3
10. (b) Joining the mid points of the upper horizontal sides of [where p is the probability of success and q is the
each rectangle of a histogram by straight lines, the probability of failure for an event to occur, and 'n' is the
figure so obtained is known as frequency polygon. number of trials]
11. (d) The definition of Mode fails if the curve drawn with npq 3
the help of given data is symmetrical. Þ q= =
np 4
Statistics M-575

3 1 28. (b) Standard deviation (series B) :

Also, p = 1– q = 1 - =
4 4 1
\ n = 16 (1.92 + 0.82 + 1.52 + 0.62 + 0.22 ) –
5
In a binomial distribution, the value of r for which = 2
P (X = r) is maximum is the mode of binomial distribution. æ 1.9 + 0.8 + 1.5 + 0.6 + 0.2 ö
ç ÷
hence, (n + 1)p - 1 £ r £ (n + 1)p è 5 ø
17 17
Þ -1 £ r £ 6.9
4 4 = –1 = 1.38 –1
5
13 17
Þ £r£ = 0.38
4 4
Þ 3.25 £ r £ 4.25 29. (b) Geometric Mean of combined series is given by the
expression
Þ r=4
19. (b) If X is changed to a + hU and Y to b + kV, then n 2 log G1 + n1 log G 2
log G =
h n1 + n 2
bXY = b UV
k 30. (d) Let x is the mean of n observation x1, x2, ...., xn.
Þ kbXY = h.bUV
x1 + x 2 + x 3 + .... + x n
20. (c) Let the number of students of school I = x Þx=
n
\ Number of students of School II = 1.5 x
As given : Now, (a – b) is added to each term.
Mean of marks for school I = 82 \ New mean
and mean of marks for school II = 86 x1 + (a – b) + x 2 + (a – b) + ..... + x n + (a – b)
=
x ´ 82 + 1.5x ´ 86 n
\ Combined mean =
x + 1.5x x1 + x 2 + .... + x n n(a – b)
= +
x(82 + 129) 211 n n
= = = 84.4
2.5x 2.5 = x + (a – b)
21. (a) Since, AM of number x1, x2, x3, ...xn is m 31. (d) For the given distribution which is positively seowed,
\ nm = x1 + x2 + ... xn Median < Mean < Mode
Sum of new numbers
= (x1 + 1) + (x2 + 2) + (x3 + 3) +...+ (xn + n) n( n + 1)
= (x1+ x2 + ... + xn) + (1 + 2 + 3 +... + n) 32. (b) Mean of the numbers = 2
n
n(n + 1)
= nm + n +1
2 =
2
(n + 1)
\ AM = m + \ Variance
2
2 2 2
22. (d) Mode is the required measure. æ n +1ö æ n +1ö æ n +1ö
23. (b) In a pie chart ç1 - ÷ + ç2- ÷ + ç3- ÷ + ...
= è
2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø
largest amount occupies largest area. So, the salaries n
occupies largest area.
2
6 æ n +1 ö æ n + 1ö
Þ Sectorial angle = ´ 360° = 108° (12 + 22 + 32 + ...) + n ç ÷ - 2ç ÷ [1 + 2 + 3 + ...]
20 2= è 2 ø è 2 ø
24. (a) From the given statement n
Þ Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation
of A. 1 n(n + 1)2 æ n + 1ö ì n(n + 1) ü
2n = n(n + 1)(2n + 1) + -2ç í ý
25. (d) Given : lowest class boundary = 6.1 6 4 è 2 ÷ø î 2 þ
Class width = 2.5, Number of classes = 12
é 2n + 1 n + 1 n + 1 ù
Þ Upper class boundary of the highest class 2n = n(n + 1) ê + -
= 6.1 + (2.5× 12) = 6.1 +30 = 36. 1 ë 6 4 2 úû
26. (b) The appropriate number of classes while constructing é 4 n + 2 - 3n - 3 ù
a frequency distribution should be chosen such that 2 = (n + 1) ê úû
the class frequency should cluster around the class ë 12
mid point Þ 24 = (n + 1) (n – 1) Þ n2 – 1 = 24
27. (b) Bar chart is most appropriate. Þ n2 = 25 Þn= +5
 EBD_7346
M-576 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
33. (a) Arithmetic mean of the series Now,
n
C1 + nC2 + nC3 + ... + nCn 2n - 1 (7 -11)2 + (9 -11)2 + (11-11)2 + (13-11)2 + (15 -11)2
= = SD =
n n 5
34. (d) Let the teacher’s age is x years
According to question 16 + 4 + 0 + 4 + 16
= = 8 = 2.8 (aprox)
5
20 ´ 15 + x
15 + 1 = 43. (b) Since, monthly salary = Rs 15000
21
and sector angle of expenses = 15°
Þ 16 × 21 = 300 + x
Þ x = 336 – 300 = 36 years 15°
\ Amount = ´ 15000 = Rs 625
2 ´1 + 3 ´ 2 + 3 f + 4 ´ 5 360°
35. (b) Arithmetic mean =
2+3+ f +5 n

23 28 + 3 f
44. (c) å ( xi - 2) = 110
t =1
Þ 8 = 10 + f
\ x1 + x2 + … + xn – 2n = 110
Þ 230 + 23f = 224 + 24f Þ x1 + x2 + … + xn = 2n + 110 …(i)
Þ f=6 n
Sum of all observations and å ( xi - 5) = 20
36. (d) (i) Arithmetic mean = i =1
Total no. of observation
Þ x1 + x2 + … + xn – 5n = 20
(ii) Median = The midpoint of the data after being ranked
Þ x1 + x2 + … + xn = 5n + 20 …(ii)
(arranged in ascending order).
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
(iii) Geometric mean = If x1, x2, x3,...., xnare n values of a
variate x, none of them being zero, then the geometric 5n + 20 = 2n + 110
mean G is defined as G = (x1 x2 x3.... xn)1/n. Þ 3n = 90 Þ n = 30
Thuse, all of them are meaningfully defined. x1 + x2 + ¼ xn
37. (b) Collecting data from government offices is secondary. Now, mean =
n
collecting data from public libraries is also secondary
but collecting data by telephonic interview is primary 5 ´ 30 + 20 170 17
= = =
data. 30 30 3
38. (c) Arithmetic mean of 45. (b) Total no. of students in section A
4 ´ 15 + 6 ´ 12 60 + 72 = 74 × 35 = 2590
10 numbers = = = 13.2 Total no. of students in section B
10 10
= 70 × 35 = 2450
39. (c) From visual observation of given table we can say that
Now, total no. of students in section C
during month 3, the sales are most consistent.
40. (b) Average of marks of A 51
= ´ 100 ´ 30 = 2040
71 + 56 + 55 + 75 + 54 + 49 360 75
= = = 60 Thus, total students in all = 2590 + 2450 + 2040
6 6
= 7080
and SD
Thus, Required percentage = 7080 ¸ 100
121 + 16 + 25 + 225 + 36 + 121 544 = 70.8
= = = 9.52
6 6 46. (d) Given lines of regression are 3X + Y – 12 = 0 and
Average of marks of B X + 2 Y – 14 = 0
55 + 74 + 83 + 54 + 38 + 52 356 Since, lines of regression passes through ( X , Y ).
= = = 59.33
6 6 therefore ( X , Y ) satisfies the given equations.
Thus, the average scores of A and B are not same but A
is consistent. \ 3 X + Y –12 = 0 ...(i)
41. (d) Let average salary of women be x. and X + 2Y –14 = 0 ...(ii)
According to question, Multiply equation (ii) by 3 and subtract from (i), we get
Þ 50 × 3550 = 30 × 4050 + 20x
Þ 177500 – 121500 = 20x (3 X + Y – 12) – (3 X + 6Y – 42) = 0
Þ x = 2800 Þ 5Y + 30 = 0 Þ Y = 6
Hence, average salary of women = Rs 2800
Thus, X = 14 – 2Y = 14 – 12 = 2
42. (d) Mean of given numbers
Hence, mean, X = 2
7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 55
= = = 11
5 5
Statistics M-577

47. (d) To find the consistent demand we will calculate coeff 51. (a) f2 = 4
of variance.
52. (c) Since, mean = x = 2 ( given )
SD
We know coefficient of variance =
mean x x–x ( x – x) 2 f f (x – x)2
Also, we know, S.D = variance
0 –2 4 3 12
12 3.46
Coefficient of variance of A = = = 0.057 1 –1 1 4 4
60 60
25 5 2 0 0 4 0
Coefficient of variance of B = = = 0.055
90 90 3 1 1 4 4
36 6 4 2 4 3 12
Coefficient of variance of C = = = 0.075
80 80
Total 18 32
16 4
Coefficient of variance of D = = = 0.033
120 120
å f (x- x)
2
We see that minimum coefficient of variance is of D, Now, SD =
hence product D is consistent. N
48. (c) Let us consider any five integers which are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. where N = sum of all frequencies
3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 25
\ mean = = =5 32 16 4
5 5 = = =
18 9 3
(5 – 3)2 + (5 – 4)2 + (5 – 5) 2 + (5 – 6) 2 + (5 – 7) 2 s
\ SD = 53. (a) Coefficient of variance = ´ 100 where s = S .D
5 x
4 +1+ 0 + 1+ 4 4 1 200
= = 2 ´ ´ 100 =
=
5 3 2 3
Hence, the least value of the standard deviation of 5 54. (b) Given data is 2, 9, 9, 3, 6, 9, 4.
integers is 2 We know,
49. (c) Correlation between two variables is said to be perfect, Sum of allobservations
if one variable increases, the other also increases Mean =
Total number of observations
proportionally.
50. (c) Both the given statements I and II are true. 2+9+9+3+6+9+4 42
Sol. (51 - 53): \ Mean = = =6
7 7
\ Mean deviation
x f xf
| 2- 6 | + 3 | 9 - 6 | + | 3- 6 | + | 6 - 6 | + | 4 - 6 |
0 f1 0
=
7
1 f2 f2 4 + 9 + 3 + 0 + 2 18
= = = 2.57
7 7
2 4 8
55. (a) We know that, if a number is added in values, then the
3 4 12 standard deviation remains unaltered.
\ Standard deviation of new values = s
4 3 12 56. (b) Let us consider lines
Total f 1 + f 2 + 11 32 + f 2 8x – 10y = 66 and 40 x – 18 y = 214
Þ 10y = 8x – 66 Þ 40 x = 18y + 214
Since, total frequency is 18 8 4 18 9
Þ byx = = Þ bxy = =
\ f1 + f 2 + 11 = 18 10 5 40 20
Þ f1 + f 2 = 7 ...(i) 4 9 3
Sxf Thus, r = ± ´ =
As we have, Mean = =2 5 20 5
Sf
32 + f 2 Also, s x = 9 = 3
\ = 2 Þ f 2 = 36 - 32 = 4
18 4
On putting the value of f2 in Eq. (i), we get byx ´ s x 5 ´ 3 12 12 5
\ sy = = = = ´ =4
f1 = 7 - 4 = 3 r r 5r 5 3
 EBD_7346
M-578 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
57. (c) Since, the standard deviation of same consecutive 64. (d)
integers is 2, these integers are any set of seven Class Interval f cf
consecutive integers. 0.5-5.5 3 3
S.D 5.5-10.5 7 10
58. (c) Coefficient of variation = × 100 10.5-15.5 6 16
Mean
15.5-20.5 5 21
40 × 50
For factory A = × 100 = 7.5 Total 21 50
540
N = 21
31
For factory B = × 100 = 5 N 21
620 \ = = 10.5
\ Variability in wages of A is 50% more than the 2 2
variability in wages of B. \ Median class is 10.5-15.5
36 ´ 4 + 64 ´ 3 144 + 192 336 10.5 - 10
59. (c) Required mean = = = Hence, Median = 10.5 + ×5
36 + 64 100 100 6
= 3.36 = 10.5 + 0.417 = 10.917
60. (a) Given table can be rewritten as Thus, median is not contained in the modal class and
the distribution is not bell-shaped.
2 2
x y x y xy Sol. (65 - 66):
5 2 25 4 10
Clas s Interval f cf x fx
7 4 49 16 28
0-10 5 5 5 25
8 3 64 9 24
10-20 10 15 15 150
4 2 16 4 8
20-30 20 35 25 500
6 4 36 16 24
30-40 5 40 35 175
2 2
åx = 30 åy = 15 åx = 190 åy = 49 åxy = 94 40-50 10 50 45 450
To tal 50 145 125 1300
30 15
x= = 6 and y = =3 N 50
5 5 \ = = 25
2 2
65. (c) Median group is 20-30.
\ b yx =
n å xy - ( å x )( å y) 25 - 15
Þ Median = 20 + × 10 = 20 + 5 = 25
nå x2 - (å x)
2
20

66. (b) Mean =

å fx = 1300 = 26
=
5 ´ 94 - 30 ´ 15
=
2
= 0.4 å f 50
5 ´ 190 - ( 30)
2 5 67. (c) Both the given statements which is related to
correlation coefficient r between variables x and y are
Hence, line of regression is correct.
y –3 = 0.4 (x – 6) Þ y = 0.4x + 0.6 68. (d) If the values of a set are measured in cm, then there
will not be unit of variance.
Sol. (61 - 63):
69. (c) The cumulative frequency curve of statistical data is
called Ogive.
Class Frequency C. F
70. (d) Daily income of owner
0-5 3 3 = 10 × 110 – 9 × 76 = 1100 – 684 = ` 416
5 - 10 12 15 71. (c) Given table can be rewritten as
10 - 15 x 15 + x xi fi fi x i
15 - 20 35 50 + x 6 2 12
20 - 25 y 50 + x + y 10 4 40
25 - 30 4 54 + x + y 14 7 98
18 12 216
n 24 8 192
Since, n = 90 \ = 45 28 4 112
2
61. (b) Q Lower limit of median class is 15. 30 3 90
62. (a) Missing frequency y is 20. Total 40 760
63. (c) Cumulative frequency of model class is 66.
So, required mean =
å fi xi = 760 = 19
å fi 40
Statistics M-579

72. (c) Required Arithmetic mean 90

85. (c) Agriculture : ´ 36000 = 9000
( 30 ´ 72.2 ) + ( 30 ´ 69.0 ) + ( 40 ´ 64 .1) 360
=
100 75
Miscellaneous : ´ 36000 = 7500
6800 360
= = 68 45
100 Industry : ´ 36000 = 4500
73. (d) Given, variance of the data 2, 4, 5, 6, 17 is v. 360
Variance of the data 4, 8, 10, 12, 34 is 2v. Education : 3000 Employment : 12000
because when each observation is multiplied by 2, then Hence, Employment is allocated maximum funds.
variance is also multiplied by 2. 86. (a) Education : 3000
74. (c) Given mean of 7 observations is 10. 87. (b) Required = 9000 + 12000 =21000
88. (c) Required = 7500 – 3000 = 4500
x + x + ..... + x7 89. (a) Ascending order is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9
\ 1 2 = 10
7 Since, n = 7 (odd)
Þ x1 + x2 + ..... + x7 = 70 ...(1) th
Also, mean of 3 observations is 5. æ n +1ö th
\ Required Median = ç ÷ obs = 4 obs = 5
x +x +x è 2 ø
\ 8 9 10 = 5 90. (a) Given natural numbers are
3
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .........., 16
Þ x8 + x9 + x10 = 15 ...(2) This is an A.P. with first term = 1
So, from (1) and (2) and common difference = 1, n = 16
Required mean \ By using sum of 16 natural numbers
x1 + x2 + .... + x7 + x8 + x9 + x10
= n
10 i.e., Sn = é2a + ( n - 1) d ùû
2ë
70 + 15 85 We have
= = = 8.5
10 10
16
75. (b) “If every observation is multiplied by c, then the mea- S16 = é2 (1) + 15 (1) ùû = 8(17) = 136
sure of central tendency is also multiplied by c, where 2 ë
c > 0. Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean and median 136 17
satisfies above property. \ AM. = =
76. (a) Given data is 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 16 2
Mode = 2 91. (c) Since observation 22 occurs maximum time.
[ ... 2 occurs maximum number of times]. \ mode = 22
Sol. (77 - 84): 92. (b) Statement 2 and 3 are correct.
Complete table is 93. (a) It is a property.
94. (b) First we arrange the data in ascending order
Male Female 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10
Year Total Since number of observation is odd
UrbanRural Total UrbanRural Total
19 95 280 350 630 410 310 720 1350 th
æ 9 +1ö
\ median = ç ÷ observation = 5th observation
19 96 370 300 670 180 270 450 1120 è 2 ø
19 97 310 130 440 180 190 370 810 =4
19 98 400 280 680 290 80 370 1050 95. (d) Given : Mean of 10 observations is 5.
Total 1360 1060 2420 1060 850 1910 4330 10

77. (a) Total population for the year 1997 = 440 + 370 = 810
å xi
Þ i =1
78. (b) Female urban population in the year 1995 = 410. =5
10
79. (c) Urban population in the year According to the Question
1997 = 310 + 180 = 490.
80. (d) Total population in the year 1998 = 1050. 10
81. (a) Required difference = 720 – 630 = 90. å 3 ( x i + 2)
i =1 = New mean
82. (c) In 1997, the male population is minimum.
83. (a) In 1995, the female population is maximum. 10
84. (a) Total rural male population in the year 1998 = 280 10
280 28 3å x i
Required % = ´ 100% = ´ 100% i =1 3 ´ 2 ´ 10
1050 105 Þ + = New mean
10 10
28 ´ 20 4 ´ 20 80 Þ 3 × 5 + 6 = New mean Þ 21 = New mean
= %= %= %
21 3 3
 EBD_7346
M-580 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
96. (a) Sum of first n odd natural numbers = n2. 16 + 4 + 4 + 16
= =8
n 2 5
Now, mean = =n
n \ S.D = v = 8 = 2 2 = 2.8

97. (c) Given M =

a+b+c+d+e
5
(Q 2 = 1.414 )
104. (d) Standard Deviation is a measure of dispersion.
Þ a +b+ c+ d+ e=5M 105. (d) Given regression lines are x – y + 1 = 0 and 2x – y + 4
Þ a +b+c+ d+ e–5M= 0 = 0 only point (–3, –2) given in option (d) satisfies the
Þ (a – M) + (b – M) + (c – M) + (d – M) + (e – M) both equations.
=0 Hence, The two regression lines pass through the point
Hence, Required value = 0 (–3, –2).
20 106. (b) First we arrange the data in ascending order.
98. (d) Given å ( x i - 30) = 2 3, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 12.
i =1 Since no. of observations is odd
20 20 th
13 + 1 ö
Þ å xi - å 30 = 2 \ Required median = æç ÷ observation
i =1 i =1 è 2 ø
th
20 20 æ 14 ö
= 7 th observation
Þ å x i = 2 + å 30 = 2 + 30 × 20 = 602 = ç ÷
è 2ø
i=1 i=1 =8
20
å xi 107. (d) Both statements are wrong. Also, S . D = variance
Now, mean = i =1 108. (c) Since the total of the frequencies = 100
20 \ 14 + x + 27 + y + 15 = 100
602 Þ x + y = 44
\ Mean = = 30.1 Now, to exist the mode x and y should be equal
20
99. (b) Median is middle of data. Observations are 27 and \ x = y is only possibility
median is 18. So, sum of all the observation are 18 × 27 109. (a) Let Number of girls student be x
= 486. Sum of marks = 25 × 40 + x × 48
Now, 16, 18 and 50 are additional three observations. Total students = 25 + x
So, Total = 486 + 16 + 18 + 50 = 570. 25 ´ 40 + x ´ 48
and number of obs. are 30. \ 43 =
x + 25
570
= 19
Þ 43 x + 43 × 25 = 25 × 40 + x × 48
\ Median =
30 Þ 5x = 3 × 25
100. (d) Frequency curve may be symmetrical, positive skew Þ x = 15
and negative skew. 110. (d) Given marks are 30, 55, 75, 90, 50, 60, 39.
10 Mean marks = x
101. (c) Required expenditure = 9000 ´
100
30 + 55 + 75 + 90 + 50 + 60 + 39 399
= ` 900. x= = = 57
102. (c) Mean = 40, S.D = 8 7 7
Hence, 4 students secured marks less than the mean
8
\ Coeft of variation = ´ 100 marks.
40 111. (a) Variance is always independent of change of the origin
1 but not scale.
= ´ 100 = 20%
5 112. (c) It is a property
103. (d) Given observations are 113. (a) Given observation are
7, 9, 11, 13, 15 5, 5, 5, 5, 5.
7 + 9 +11 +13 +15 55 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 25
x= = = 11 \ x= = =5
5 5 5 5

( xi - x )
2 2
n 5
å ( xi - x )
1
Now, s = å
2
Now, Variance =
n i =1 i =1 N

(7 – 11) 2 + (9 – 11) 2 + (11 – 11) 2 + (13 – 11) 2 + (15 – 11) 2 Where N = total number of observations.
= \ Variance = s2
5
Statistics M-581

(5 - 5) + (5 - 5) + (5 - 5) + (5 - 5) + (5 - 5) 125. (b) Mean of the squares of the first 20 natural number

= =0
5 (n + 1)(2n + 1) 21 ´ 41
= = = 14 3.5
Hence, standard deviation = var = 0 6 6
114. (b) Sum of all observations = 20 × 15 = 300 126. (c) The cumulative frequency of the largest observed value
must always be equal to the total number of
Sum of correct observations observations.
= 300 – (3 + 6) + (8 + 4) = 303 127. (c) Statement 1 :
303 n (X) = 2
Correct mean = = 15.15
20 n(X) 2 1
115. (c) Sum of squares of first 'n' natural numbers p = n(S) = 6 = 3
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
= 1 2
6 q=1–p=1– =
3 3
Mean of the squares of first 'n' natural numbers
1
(n + 1)(2n + 1) ´ n (n + 1)(2n + 1) arithmetric mean of X = np = 18 × =6
= = 3
6´n 6 Statement 2 : Standard deviation of
116. (c)
117. (c) After construction of cumulative frequency 1 2
distribution, we can find out median easily.
X= variance of X = 18 ´ 3 ´ 3 = 4 = 2
118. (d) Hence, statements 1 and 2 both are correct.
Sol. (128-130):
112 - 1
119. (a) Variance of 11 natural numbers = = 10 Numbers (x) Frequency (f ) c.f. å fx
12
120. (c) 0 14 14 0
121. (c) 1 21 35 21
122. (c) Detailed Method: 2 25 60 50

Variance =
å d2 3 43 103 129
n 4 51 154 204
5 40 194 200
5=
å d2Þ å d 2 = 100 6 39 233 234
20
According to question 7 12 245 84
å fx
å (d ) = å (2d)
1
2 2
= 4å d = 4 ´ 100 = 400
2
N = 245
= 922
400
New variance = = 20 Sfx 922
20
128. (a) = = 3.76
Shortcut Method: N 245
If each observation is multiplied by 2 N 245
New variance = 22 × 5 = 20 129. (b) = = 122.5
2 2
Required mean = 4
123. (c) r = b xy .b yx 130. (b) The higher frequency is 51
\ mode = value of the variable corresponding to the
æ 1 ö æ 3ö higher frequency 154 = 4
= çè - ÷ø ´ çè - ÷ø
6 2 Sol. (131-133):
Mean of 100 items = x100 = 50
1 1 1
= ´ =± Mean of 150 items = x150 = 40
2 2 2
bxy and byx both have negative sign. Therefore we Standard deviation of 100 items = s100 = 5
have to take negative sign Standard deviation of 150 items = s150 = 6
1 n1.x100 + n 2 .x150 (100 ´ 50) + (150 ´ 40)
Hence, correlation coefficient (r) = -
. 131. (b) x 250 = =
2 n1 + n 2 100 + 150
124. (a) I : Variance is not dependent on change of origin.
11000
Therefore, if every x i is increased by 2, the = = 44
variance of the new set of numbers is not changed. 250
 EBD_7346
M-582 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
132. (c) d1 = 50 – 44 = 6 d1 2 = 36
1 20 æ 1 20 ö
d22 = 16
= 20 å 4(x i - x) = 4 ç 20 å (xi - x) ÷ = 4 ×5 = 20
d2 = 40 – 44 = – 4 2 2

2 i =1 è i =1 ø
n1 (s100 + d12 ) + n 2 (s150
2
+ d 22 )
s250 =
n1 + n 2 139. (c) ( )
Mean X = 4

390 37.28 Variance (X) = 2

= = = 7.456 = 7.5 Number of observations = 10
5 5
133. (c) Variance of all 250 items = (s250)2 = (7.456)2 = 55.6 (4 ´ 10) ´ 2
134. (a) 1. It is true that, the histogram is a suitable New average = =8
10
representation of a frequency distribution of a 2
New variance = (2) × Variance (X)
continuous variable.
=4× 2=8
Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
\ Option (c) is correct.
2. We know that, the area of histogram is proportional
140. (b) Geometric mean is used in construction of
to the frequency, so it is not true statement.
index numbers.
135. (d) When regression lines perpendicular to each other then
\ option (b) is correct.
angle will be :
141. (c)
ìæ ö üï
ï 1 - r ö æç s x .s y 142. (b) It gives the value by which one variable changes for a
2
÷ý
tan q = íçç r ÷÷ ç 2 2 ÷ï
unit change in the other variable.
ïîè ø è sx + s y øþ \ option (b) is correct.
143. (c) The annual numerical data for comparable for last 12
p æ 1 - r 2 ö æ s x .s y ö years is represented by broken line graph, where each
Þ tan =ç ÷ç ÷
2 è r ø çè s2x + s 2y ÷ø turning point represent the data of a particular year,
while such graph do not depict the chronological
Þ r.(s 2x + s 2y ) = 0 change.
\ Option (c) is correct.
\r=0 144. (d) Mean of 5 numbers = 30
136. (d) It is obvious that, x < z < y . \ Total sum of 5 numbers = 30 × 5 = 150
After excluded one number
å xi
137. (b) Mean = (x) = Mean of 4 numbers will be = 28
N \ Total sum of 4 numbers = 4 × 28 = 112
4 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 12 + 13 + 17 Thus, excluded number
Here x = = 10 = (sum of 5 numbers – sum of 4 numbers)
8
= 150 – 112 = 38
å | xi - x | \ Option (d) is correct.
\ Mean deviation about mean =
N 145. (a) The ‘less than’ ogive curve and the ‘more than’ ogive
curve intersect at median.
|4 – 10| + |7 – 10| + |8 – 10| + |9 – 10| + |10 – 10|
\ Option (a) is correct.
+ |12 – 10| +|13 – 10| + |17 – 10|
= 146. (c) G1 = [x1 ´ x 2 ´ x 3 ´ ........ ´ x n ]
1
n
8
6 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 0 + 2 + 3 + 7 24 1
= = =3 G 2 = [y1 ´ y 2 ´ y3 ´ ........ ´ y n ] n
8 8
138. (c) Let x1, x2, ....., x20 be the given observations. 1
G éx x x x ù n
20 Þ 1 = ê 1 ´ 2 ´ 3 ´ ........... ´ n ú
1
Given, 20 å (x i - x) = 5
2 G 2 ë y1 y 2 y 3 yn û
i =1
G1 x1 x 2 x 3 x
To find variance of 2x1, 2x2, 2x3,...., 2x20, \ , , ,..............., n
G 2 is the G.M of y1 y 2 y3 yn
Let x denotes the mean of new observation,
147. (c) Sum of the given terms = 1 + 8 + 27 + 64 ........ + upto n
20 20
terms
å 2x i 2å x i
Sum = 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ......... + upto n terms
i =1
Clearly, x = = i =1 = 2x 2
20 20 æ n(n + 1) ö n 2 (n + 1) 2
Now, variance of new observation Sum = ç ÷ =
è 2 ø 4
1 20 1 20
= å (2x i - x) 2
=
20
å (2x i - 2x)2 AM =
n 2 (n + 1) 2 1 n(n + 1) 2
´ =
20 i =1 i =1 4 n 4
Statistics M-583

148. (b) Let b1 = – 0.64 th

b2 = –0.36 n th æn ö
term + ç + 1 ÷ term
Median = y = 2 è2 ø
r = ± -0.64 ´ -0.36 = ±0.48
2
Q b1 < 0 & b2 < 0
\r<0 5+5
Þ r = – 0.48 y= =5
2
149. (a) Given numbers - 10, 9, 21, 16, 24 Mode (z) = most frequently occuring value = 5
10 + 9 + 21 + 16 + 24 80 Hence x = y = z.
Mean = = = 16
5 5 153. (c) Statement (1) is correct because total area of the
rectangles in a histogram is equal to the total area
Numbers Distance (d) from mean (16) bounded by the corresponding frequency polygon and
10 6 x-axis. Statement (2) is also correct.
154. (d) Mean = Median (in symmetric distribution)
9 7
Range = (Max. value – Min. value)
21 5
And sum of areas of rectangles in the histogram is
16 0 always equal to the total area bounded by frequency
24 8 polygon and the horizontal axis.
Sd = 26 202
155. (d) Mean of the scores =
Sd 26 15
Mean deviation = = = 5.2
5 5 200
150. (c) Total no. of observation (n) = 20 Mean of the correct scores =
15
Sxi = 1000 i.e., Mean changes.
Median is same for both cases i.e., 14.
Sxi 1000
x= = = 50 Mode is proportional to mean.
n 20
156. (b) Line of regression of y on x is :
Variance = sd 2
y - y = byx ( x - x )
1 2
sd = Sxi - ( x ) 2 Sy Sx 220 130
n y= ;x= Þy= = 22; x = = 13
n n 10 10
1 2 84000
( sd ) 2 =
Sxi - ( x ) 2 = - (50) 2 sy
n 20 byx = r ×
= 4200 – 2500 = 1700. sx
Variance = 1700 nSxy - (Sx )(Sy )
151. (d) Mean of series (x1, x2, x3 ..... xn) r=
[nSx - (Sx)2 ][ nSy 2 - (Sy) 2 ]
2
x + x2 + x3 + ..... xn
x= 1
n 10(3467) - (130)(220)
=
Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + ..... xn = nx [(10 ´ 2288) - 1302 ][(10 ´ 5506) - (220 2 )]
Now we will replace x2 by l so no. of elements in series r = 0.962
will not change. 2
New series will include l and exclude x2 Sy 2 æ Sy ö
sy = - ç ÷ Þ s y = 8.2; s x = 7.73.
Hence new series sum : n è n ø
( x1 + x2 + .....xn ) - x2 + l = nx + l - x2 8.2
Þ byx = 0.962 ´ = 1.02
nx + l - x2 nx - x2 + l 7.73
Now new mean = = Þ Line of regression of y on x is :
n n
152. (d) Given data 3, 5, 1, 6, 5, 9, 5, 2, 8, 6 and mean, median and y – 22 = 1.02 (x – 13)
mode are x, y, z respectively. Þ y = 1.02 x + 8.74
Rearranging data 157. (d) For Group A :
1, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9 Coefficient of variation
1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 6 + 6 + 8 + 9 50 S.D. 10
Mean = x = = =5 CV A = = = 0.4545.
10 10 Mean 22
 EBD_7346
M-584 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
For Group B : 15
12 \ b yx =
CVB = = 0.522 4
23 2 825
Þ Group A is less variable. 30x – 2y – 825 = 0 Þ x = y+
158. (b) 30 30

159. (c) Let u = ( x + y ); v = ( x - y ) 2

\ b xy =
30
\ u = ( x + y ); v = ( x - y )
cov(u, v) = E{(u - u )(v - v )} Correlation coefficient = ( byx )( bxy )
= E{( x - x ) + ( y - y )} × {( x - x ) - ( y - y )}
15 2 1 1
= ´ = =
= E{( x - x ) 2 - ( y - y ) 2 } = s 2x - s 2y 4 30 4 2
165. (c) First, convert 40 % into fraction
var(u ) = E (u - u ) 2 = E{( x - x ) + ( y - y )}2 = s 2x + s 2y
40 2
Therefore x and y are uncorrelated. 40% = =
100 5
E ( x - x )( y - y ) = 0
2
Similarly, var( v) = s 2x + s 2y Angle = ´ 360 = 144°
5
166. (a)
cov(u, v ) s2x - s2y
Thus, r (u, v ) = = 4
var(u ) × var(v) s2x + s2y 167. (c) We know, standard deviation = Mean deviation
5
Þ 4 × standard deviation = 5 × mean deviation
160. (b) Age Mid value x i Frequency f i fi x i
168. (d) Data can be represented in all three forms
15 - 25 20 2 40 169. (a)
25 - 35 30 4 120
-1 -1
35 - 45 40 6 240 170. (a) Correlation coefficient = ´
2 8
45 - 55 50 5 250
55 - 65 60 3 180 1 1
= =-
S fi = 20 S x i fi = 830 16 4
Since, both the regression coefficients are negative,
Sxi fi 830 correlation coefficient is negative.
Þ Mean age = S = = 41.5
171. (b) Mean = 32, Median = 33
fi 20
It was recorded as 40 instead of 35. So, sum will de-
161. (b) cov( x, y ) = 30 crease and so mean. Median remains same.
var( x ) = 25; var( y ) = 144 172. (b) Only statements 2 and 3 are correct
173. (d) Given, standard deviation = 0
cov( x, y ) Mean = 24
Þ r ( x, y ) =
var( x) × var( y ) Since standard deviation is 0, all observations are equal
to 24.
30 30 \ Mean of smallest five observations = 24.
Þ r ( x, y) = =
= 0.5
25 ´144 5 ´ 12 174. (a) The product of regression coefficient of y on x and
162. (d) New variance = k2 (old variance) regression coefficient of x on y is always less than or
= 32 × 5 equal to 1.
= 9 × 5 = 45 Also, the signs of both coefficients should be same.
163. (b) Mean of 100 observations = 20 Here, |x| = 1
20 ´100 - ( 21 + 21 + 18 + 20 ) 175. (c) X = 10, Y = 90, s x = 3, s y = 12, rxy = 0.8
Required mean =
96 Regression equation x on y is
sx
=
1920
= 20 x - 10 = r × ( y - 90)
96 sy
164. (b) 4y – 15x + 410 = 0
3
15 410 15 410 Þ x - 10 = 0.8 ´ ( y - 90)
Þ y- x+ =0Þ y = x- 12
4 4 4 4
2.4
Þ x - 10 = ( y - 90)
12
Statistics M-585

Þ x – 10 = 0.2 (y – 90)
Þ x – 10 = 0.2 y – 18 1 - rxy 2 æ s x .s y ö
183. (d) We know, tan q = ç ÷.
Þ x = 0.2 y – 8. rxy ç s2x .s2y ÷
è ø
176. (b) Total expenditure of A = 3,500 + 500 + 1,500 + 2,000
+ 2,500 If r xy is 0, then tan q = ¥ and lines are perpendicular.
= 10,000 If rxy is 1, then the lines are parallel.
Total expenditure of B = 2,700 + 800 + 1,000 + 1,800 184. (c) 4x – 5y + 33 = 0 (1)
+ 1,800 20x – 9y = 107 (2)
= 8,100
Area of A : Area of B = 10,000 : 8,100 20x - 25y + 165 = 0
= 100 : 81 (1) ´ 5 Þ
20x - 9y - 107 = 0
Þ radius of A : radius of B = 100 : 81 ( 2) Þ
= 10 : 9
( -) ( +) ( +)
177. (b) The arithmetic mean is always between minimum and - 16y + 272 = 0 Þ 16y = 272 Þ y = 17.
maximum value.
(1) Þ 4x – 5(17) + 33 = 0
n Þ 4x – 85 + 33 = 0
So, is arithmetic mean.
2 Þ 4x = 52 Þ x = 13.
178. (b) Only statement 2 is correct 185. (d) 1. Mean is dependent with change in origin.
179. (c) Coefficient of correlation = 0.2 ´ 1.8 2. Variance is independent with change in origin.
186. (c) Both the given statements are correct.
= 0.36 187. (b) By arranging the given numbers in ascending order,
= 0.6. -4.8, 0, 2.3,3.5,3.9, 4.6,5.2,6.1, 7.6,8.2, 9.3,12.7
180. (a) Mean = np ¯
Variance = npq Middle
terms
Given, np = 3np q
1 2 4.6 + 5.2
Þ q = ,p = . \ Median =
3 3 2
Also, Given n =5 trials. 9.8
r=3 =
= 4.9
2
we know, p ( x = r ) = n c r .p r .q n -r 188. (c) Central angle = 20% of 360°
20 ´ 60
æ 2ö æ1ö
3 2 =
p ( x = 3) = c3 ç ÷ ç ÷
5 100
è 3ø è3ø = 72°
80 189. (b) Given, Mean = 5
= . Standard deviation = 2
243
If 5 is added to each value, mean = 5 + 5 =10.
181. (d) Given, r = 0.6, covariance = 27, s( y) = 25 Þ s ( y) = 5
2 Standard deviation will not change.
Standard deviation
covariance ( x, y ) Coefficient of variation =
Mean
×100
We know, r = s ( x ) .s ( y )
2
= ´ 100 = 2 × 10
covariance ( x, y) 27 10
Þ s (x) = =
r.s ( y ) æ 6ö = 20
çè ÷ø .5 2
10 æ1 n ö
1 n
190. (b) s = å xi2 - ç .å x i ÷
2
27 ´ 2 n i=1 è n i =1 ø
= = 9.
6
2
Þ s2(x) = 81.
182. (d) Given, Mean of x i = x
1 2
n
(2 2 2 æ1
èn ) ö
= 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n - ç (1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n )÷
ø
Also, Given xi = a + cyi 2
\ Mean of a + cyi = x 1 n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) æ 1 n ( n + 1) ö
= · -ç .
n 6 èn 2 ÷ø
Þ Mean of cyi = x - a
x-a n2 - 1 n2 -1
Þ Mean of y i = = \s = .
c 12 12
 EBD_7346
M-586 NDA Topicwise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS
192. (d) Let No. of Man = M x-5
Let No. of Women = W S
New mean, x1 = 4 = 1 æ Sx - 5 ö = 1 (50 - 5)
26 M + 21 W = 25(M + W) ç ÷
N 4è N ø 4
M=4W
M: W= 4: 1 45
\ Percent of Men and Women = 80%, 20% = = 11.25
4
194. (b) Variance will not change by adding or subtracting a
fixed value to all the elements. æ x-5ö
New standard deviation (s1) = s ç ÷
1 è 4 ø
195. (b) byx = –6, r = -
2 1 1 10
= s( x - 5) = s( x) = = 2.5
2 4 4 4
æ 1ö
çè - ÷ø = –6 × bxy 202. (a) Only the statement 1 is correct.
2 203. (d) Given, rxy= 0.6
1 y
Þ bxy = - z = x + 5; w =
24 3
196. (d) By definition.
1
Þ bzx = 1 Þ bwy =
197. (d) Combined Average 3
500 ´ 1860 + 600 ´ 1750 æ1ö 1
= = 1800 bzx bwy = (1) ç ÷ =
1100 è 3ø 3
Combined Variance
rzw 1 rxy 0.6
500(81 + 3600) + 600(100 + 2500) Þ = Þ rzw = = = 0.2
= rxy 3 3 3
1100
204. (c) The series is 1, 2, 3, ...... 20
(5 ´ 3681) + (6 ´ 2600)
= » 3092 Sx 2
1100 Variance (s) = - S( x )2
198. (b) Median can be obtained from ogive. n
199. (d) x = M.D., y = S.D. 2
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) æ n(n + 1) ö
4 = -ç ÷
M.D. = S.D. Þ x < y 6n è 2n ø
5
200. (c) By definition. ( n + 1)
201. (c) Number of observations (N) = 100
= ( n - 1)
12
Mean ( x ) = 50
n 2 - 1 (20)2 - 1 399 133
Standard deviation (s) = 10 = = = = = 33.25
12 12 12 4
Q Numbers are multiplied by 3,
variance (s) = 33.25 × 9 = 299.25