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Introduction 1

Pakistan is an agricultural country where livestock plays an important economic role. Foot and mouth disease is a contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals and causes major economic losses in Pakistan each year. The causative agent of the disease is a virus from the picornaviridae family that exists in several serotypes and has a single stranded RNA genome.

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21 views1 page

Introduction 1

Pakistan is an agricultural country where livestock plays an important economic role. Foot and mouth disease is a contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals and causes major economic losses in Pakistan each year. The causative agent of the disease is a virus from the picornaviridae family that exists in several serotypes and has a single stranded RNA genome.

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waqas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pakistan is an agricultural country and livestock sector is an integral part of agriculture.

Livestock meets the demands of meat, milk, fat and hides and is also a source of ready
cash for the villagers to fulfill their daily requirements. This sector is under continuous
stress and threat of different viral, bacterial, parasitic and metabolic diseases. Among
these, foot and mouth disease (FMD) and Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) are most
notorious problems (Ajmal et aL, 1989).

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE


Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease of cattle, buffalo,
sheep, goat, camel and other cloven footed domestic and w.ild animals. The disease is
causing heavy economic loss to dairy industry (Pereira, 198.1). It is an. endemic
disease in Pakistan and every year about 1/3 of dairy population is exposed to
causative agent. The disease alone is causing economic loss of Rs. 1964 millions
every year. Direct: loss in lactating animals is estimated to be 15 % of the total yield.
Moreover, the disease is a cause of infertility, abortion, calf mortality an.d reduced
efficiency of work animals. Affected animals hardly attain their original production
potential (Rtibina et al., 2002).

The causative agent of the disease is virus that is a member of piconaviridae


and exists in seven antigenically and genetically distinct serotypes, viz, 0, A, C, Asia
1, SAT-1, SAT-2 and SAT-3. The virus genome consists of a single stranded positive
sense RNA molecule of approximately 8 KB (Lewis et al., 1991) which replicates by
virus coded RNA- polymerase (Dietzschold and Ahl., 1970). Foot and mouth disease
. virus (FMDV) is a non-enveloped with icosahedral symmetry and 25-30 mn in
diameter. The capsid appears smooth and rounded. It is composed of 60 copies of
each of the four coat viral proteins i.e. VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4. VP1,VP2,VP3 share a
common folding pattern, each containing a conserved core that is an eight standard
beta barrel, but differ in the size of the loop and in the extension of their amino and
carboxy terminal. In the mature virion; the cores of VPI., VP2 and VP3 pack to form a
continuous icosahedral shell. These connecting loops decorate the outer surface of the
particle and share the major antigenic sites and the terminal amino extension form the
intricate network in the inner surface of the protein shell (Yong et aL, 2004).
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