Scribd
Upload
48 views11 pages

Anuj 1

Anuj Bora submitted a chemistry project report on an electrochemical cell to his teacher, Mrs. Vibha Karla. He thanks her for her guidance and support. The report includes an introduction describing how electrochemical cells allow redox reactions to produce electrical rather than heat energy. It also describes the experimental setup involving zinc and copper electrodes in separate solutions connected by a salt bridge. Observations show that the cell's EMF increases with decreasing concentration around the anode and increasing concentration around the cathode. The report concludes that the salt bridge functions to complete the circuit and maintain neutrality between half-cell solutions.

Uploaded by

Vishal Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views11 pages

Anuj 1

Anuj Bora submitted a chemistry project report on an electrochemical cell to his teacher, Mrs. Vibha Karla. He thanks her for her guidance and support. The report includes an introduction describing how electrochemical cells allow redox reactions to produce electrical rather than heat energy. It also describes the experimental setup involving zinc and copper electrodes in separate solutions connected by a salt bridge. Observations show that the cell's EMF increases with decreasing concentration around the anode and increasing concentration around the cathode. The report concludes that the salt bridge functions to complete the circuit and maintain neutrality between half-cell solutions.

Uploaded by

Vishal Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

MODERN

SCHOOL
SESSION 2021-2022

CHEMISTRY PROJECT REPORT


ON

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

SUBMITTED TO. SUBMITTED


BY.
MRS. Vibha Karla Anuj Bora

(P.G.T CHEMISTRY) Xll-A


ACKNOWLEGEMENT
I extend my hearty thanks to Mrs. Vibha Karla who guided me
to the successful completion of this project. I take this
opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for this
invaluable guidance constant encouragement, immense
motivation, which has sustained my efforts at all stages of this
Project work.
I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to my parents and also
to my classmates who helped me to carry out this project
successful and for their valuable advice and support, which I
received from then time to time.

ANUJ BORA

Signature of Teacher
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled, “Electrochemical Cell”
submitted by “Anuj Bora” in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for CBSE in “PCM” at “Modern School” is an
authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and
guidance.

To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the


project has not been submitted to any other institute.

Mrs.Vibha Karla P.G.T Chemistry


INDEX

Topic

INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
SALT BRIDGE AND ITS FUNCTION
STANDARD EMF OF A ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
SOME IMPORTANT FEATURES
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATIONS
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Electro Chemical Cell
Whenever a redox reaction is allowed to take place directly in a
single beaker, it is found that the solution becomes hot. For
example, when zinc is placed in a copper solution, the solution is
found to be warmer as the reaction proceeds according to the
equation.
Zn(s) +Cu (aq) ZnSo4 (aq) +Cu(s)
Similar results are observed when a rod of copper is placed in
silver solution. The reaction taking place as follows:
Cu(s) +2AgNo3+2Ag
Thus, we conclude that whenever a redox takes place directly in
a single in a single beaker, chemical energy in the form of heat
is produced. By suitable means it is possible to bring out the
redox reaction indirectly so as to convert the chemical energy
into the electrical energy.

Representation of an Electrochemical Cell


An electrochemical cell is represented in a manner an illustrated
below.

Zn/Zn2+||Cu2+/Cu
l.e. by convention, the electrode on which oxidation takes place
is written on the left-hand side and the other electrode on which
reduction takes place is writtenon the right-hand side. The
electrode of the left-hand side is written by writing the symbol of
the metal first followed by the symbol of the ion with its
concentration in brackets. The electrode on the right-hand sideis
written by first writing the ion along with its concentration in
brackets followed by the symbol of the metal.

Experimental Setup
A zinc rod is placed in the zinc sulphate solution taken in a
beaker. A copper rod is placed in the copper sulphate solution
taken in another beaker. The two rods are connected by a wire
and two solutions are connected by a salt bridge.

Salt bridge and Its Function


A salt-bridge is a U-shaped tube containing concentrated
solution of an inert electrolyte like KCL, KNO3, K2SO4 etc. An
inert electrolyte is one whose ions do not take part in the redox
reaction and also do not react with electrolyte used. The function
of the salt bridge is to allow the movement of the ions from one
solution to the other without mixing of the two solutions. Thus,
whereas the electrons flow in the outer circuit in the wire, the
inner circuit is completed by the flow of ions from one solution to
the other through the salt bridge moreover, it helps to maintain
the electrical neutrality of the solution of the two half cells.

Thus, the main functions of the salt bridge are:


• To complete the electrical circuit by allowing the ions to flow
from one solution to the other without mixing of the two
solutions.
• To maintain the electrical neutrality of the solutions in the
two half cells.
Let us see what would happen if the salt bridge were not used in
the cells show in the following diagram. Electrons are given out
by the zinc electrode where
they will neutralize some of the Cu2+ions of the solution. Thus
So42’ions will not leave and the solution will acquire a negative
charge. At the same time, Zn2+ ions produced from zinc plate will
enter ZnS04 solution. After some time, the flow of electrons will
stop and hence the current stops flowing.

Standard EMF of an
Electrochemical Cell An electrochemical cell
is based on reaction which can be split into the two half
reactions:
• Oxidation half reaction
• Reduction half reaction
Standard EMF of the cell:
Where,
Eceii = Electrode Potential of the cell

Ecathode 二 Electrode Potential of the oxidation half reaction

Eanode= Electrode Potential of the oxidation half reaction


According to Nernst Equation, the relation between
concentration of electrode and the standard electrode potential
can be given as:
Ecell = Ecathode ■ Eanode
E = Eo- 〇■OSWn Log [M]/ [Mn+]

Where,

E= Electrode Potential at non-standard conditions E°=Electrode


potential at standard conditions

n= Number of electrons transferred in the equation


[M]=concentration of the metal

[Mn+]=concentration of metal ion

Some Important Features


• The electrode at which oxidation takes place is called the
anode. The electrode at which the reduction takes place is
called the cathode.
• Since electrons are produced at the zinc electrodes, this
electrode is rich in electrons, which pushes the electrons into
the external circuit and hence it is designated as the negative
pole. The other electrode,
i. e. the copper electrode is in the need of electrons for the
reduction of Cu2+ ions into the Cu.
• The electrons flow from the negative pole to the positive pole
in the external circuit. However, conventionally, this current is
set to flow in the opposite direction.
• The oxidation of Zn into ions produces excess of Zn2+ ions in
the left beaker. This creates an
unbalanced positive charge in the solution. To maintain
electrical neutrality of the solution in the two beakers, the
cations and anions move through the salt bridge.
• As copper from copper sulphate solution is deposited on the
copper electrode and sulphate ions migrate to the other side,
the concentration of the copper sulphate solution decreases.
As the cell operates consequently, the current falls.
• Evidently, the weight of the copper rod will increase while that
of zinc rod will decrease as the cell works.

Procedure
• Take two clean beakers.
• In one beaker take 0.5M copper sulphate solution and in
the other take 0.5M zinc sulphate solution.
• Take a copper strip and clean it using a sandpaper.
• Dip the copper strip into the beaker containing the 1M
copper sulphate solution.
• Similarly, take a zinc strip and clean it using a sandpaper.
• Then dip into the beaker containing 1M zinc sulphate
solution.
• Take a salt bridge and connect the two solutions using the
salt bridge.
• Take a voltmeter and connect the copper strip to the
positive terminal and the zinc strip to the negative terminal
using connecting wires.
• Note the positive of the pointer in the voltmeter and record
the reading.
• Repeat the experiment by taking different concentration of
zinc sulphate and the copper sulphate solutions.
Observatinns
S.na. MCUSO4 Mzrw EMF
/ D.5 D.5 D.98V

2 D.5 D.25 D.8IV


3 D.25 D.25 D.9DV

Conclusion
With these observations, we conclude that EMF of the cell
increases with decreases in the concentration of the electrolyte
around the anode and the increase in the concentration of the
electrolyte around the cathode.
Bibliography
1. Chemistry Part-1, Textbook for class XII
2. htto:〃www.chemistrvexulained.com/Di-
Fa/Electrochemistry.html
3. htto:〃en.wikipedia.orq/wiki/Daniell cell
4. http://chemcollective.org/chem/electrochem/step2_cell

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy