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Shivalik School: Electrochemical Cell

This project report on 'Electrochemical Cell' details the principles and experimental setup of electrochemical cells, including the role of salt bridges and the calculation of standard EMF. It outlines the procedure, observations, and conclusions drawn from experiments conducted with varying concentrations of copper and zinc sulfate solutions. The report is submitted by Satyam Giri as part of the requirements for CBSE in 'PCM' under the supervision of Mr. Ashish Jain.

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jayesh mishra
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26 views13 pages

Shivalik School: Electrochemical Cell

This project report on 'Electrochemical Cell' details the principles and experimental setup of electrochemical cells, including the role of salt bridges and the calculation of standard EMF. It outlines the procedure, observations, and conclusions drawn from experiments conducted with varying concentrations of copper and zinc sulfate solutions. The report is submitted by Satyam Giri as part of the requirements for CBSE in 'PCM' under the supervision of Mr. Ashish Jain.

Uploaded by

jayesh mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SHIVALIK SCHOOL

SESSION 2019-2020

CHEMISTRY PROJECT REPORT


ON

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

SUBMITTED TO. SUBMITTED BY.


MRS. PRITI KULSHRESTH SATYAM GIRI
(P.G.T CHEMISTRY) XII-A
ACKNOWLEGEMENT

I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to the


principal, Mr. Manish Gupta, for his encouragement and for
providing all the necessary facilities for this project work. I am
immensely grateful to Mr. Ashish Jain for his invaluable guidance,
constant encouragement, and immense motivation, which sustained
my efforts throughout the project. I also extend my heartfelt
thanks to my parents and classmates for their unwavering support,
valuable advice, and assistance, which played a crucial role in
the successful completion of this project.

JAYESH MISHRA

XII-A Signature of Teacher


CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled, “Electrochemical Cell”
submitted by JAYESH MISHRA in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for CBSE in “PCM” at “KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO 1
SAGAR ” is an authentic work carried out by him under my
supervision and guidance.

To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the


project has not been submitted to any other institute.

Mr.ASHISH JAIN
P.G.T Chemistry
S.no Topic

1 INTRODUCTION
2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
3 SALT BRIDGE AND ITS FUNCTION
4 STANDARD EMF OF AN
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
5 SOME IMPORTANT FEATURES
6 PROCEDURE
7 OBSERVATIONS
8 CONCLUSION
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Electro Chemical Cell
Whenever a redox reaction is allowed to take place directly in a
single beaker, it is found that the solution becomes hot. For
example, when zinc is placed in a copper solution, the solution is
found to be warmer as the reaction proceeds according to the
equation.
Zn(s) +Cu (aq) ZnSo4 (aq) +Cu(s)
Similar results are observed when a rod of copper is placed in silver
solution. The reaction taking place as follows:
Cu(s) +2AgNo3+2Ag
Thus, we conclude that whenever a redox takes place directly in a
single in a single beaker, chemical energy in the form of heat is
produced. By suitable means it is possible to bring out the redox
reaction indirectly so as to convert the chemical energy into the
electrical energy.

Representation of an Electrochemical Cell


An electrochemical cell is represented in a manner an illustrated
below.
Zn/Zn2+||Cu2+/Cu
I.e. by convention, the electrode on which oxidation takes place is written
on the left-hand side and the other electrode on which reduction takes
place is written on the right-hand side. The electrode of the left-hand side
is written by writing the symbol of the metal first followed by the symbol of
the ion with its concentration in brackets. The electrode on the right-hand
side is written by first writing the ion along with its concentration in
brackets followed by the symbol of the metal.

Experimental Setup
A zinc rod is placed in the zinc sulphate solution taken in a beaker. A
copper rod is placed in the copper sulphate solution taken in another
beaker. The two rods are connected by a wire and two solutions are
connected by a salt bridge.

Salt bridge and Its Function


A salt-bridge is a U-shaped tube containing concentrated solution of an
inert electrolyte like KCL, KNO3 , K2SO4 etc. An inert electrolyte is one
whose ions do not take part in the redox reaction and also do not react
with electrolyte used. The function of the salt bridge is to allow the
movement of the ions from one solution to the other without mixing of the
two solutions. Thus, whereas the electrons flow in the outer circuit in the
wire, the inner circuit is completed by the flow of ions from one solution to

the other through the salt bridge moreover, it helps to maintain the
electrical neutrality of the solution of the two half cells.
Thus, the main functions of the salt bridge are:

 To complete the electrical circuit by allowing the ions to flow from


one solution to the other without mixing of the two solutions.
 To maintain the electrical neutrality of the solutions in the
two half cells.
Let us see what would happen if the salt bridge were not used in the
cells show in the following diagram. Electrons are given out by the zinc
electrode where
they will neutralize some of the Cu2+ions of the solution. Thus So42-ions
will not leave and the solution will acquire a negative charge. At the same
time, Zn2+ ions produced from zinc plate will enter ZnSo4 solution. After
some time, the flow of electrons will stop and hence the current stops
flowing.

Standard EMF of an Electrochemical Cell


An electrochemical cell is based on reaction which can be split into the two
half reactions:

 Oxidation half reaction


 Reduction half reaction

Standard EMF of the cell:

Where,

Ecell = Electrode Potential of the cell

Ecathode = Electrode Potential of the oxidation half reaction

Eanode= Electrode Potential of the oxidation half reaction


According to Nernst Equation, the relation between concentration of
electrode and the standard electrode potential can be given as:

Ecell = Ecathode - Eanode


E = Eo – 0.059/n Log [M]/ [Mn+]

Where,

E= Electrode Potential at non-standard conditions

Eo=Electrode potential at standard conditions

n= Number of electrons transferred in the equation

[M ]=concentration of the metal

[M n+]= concentration of metal ion


Some Important Features
 The electrode at which oxidation takes place is called the anode. The electrode at which
the reduction takes place is called the cathode.
 Since electrons are produced at the zinc electrodes, this electrode is rich in electrons,
which pushes the electrons into the external circuit and hence it is designated as the
negative pole. The other electrode, i.e. the copper electrode is in the need of electrons
for the reduction of Cu2+ ions into the Cu.
 The electrons flow from the negative pole to the
positive pole in the external circuit. However, conventionally, this current is
set to flow in the opposite direction.
 The oxidation of Zn into ions produces excess of Zn2+ ions in the left beaker. This
creates an unbalanced positive charge in the solution. To maintain electrical
neutrality of the solution in the two beakers, the cations and anions move through the
salt bridge.
 As copper from copper sulphate solution is deposited on the copper electrode and
sulphate ions migrate to the other side, the concentration of the copper sulphate
solution decreases. As the cell operates consequently, the current falls.

 Evidently, the weight of the copper rod will increase while that of zinc rod will decrease
as the cell works.
Procedure
 Take two clean beakers.
 In one beaker take 0.5M copper sulphate solution and in the other take 0.5M zinc
sulphate solution.
 Take a copper strip and clean it using a sandpaper.
 Dip the copper strip into the beaker containing the 1M copper sulphate solution.
 Similarly, take a zinc strip and clean it using a sandpaper.
 Then dip into the beaker containing 1M zinc sulphate solution.
 Take a salt bridge and connect the two solutions using the salt bridge.
 Take a voltmeter and connect the copper strip to the positive terminal and the zinc strip
to the negative terminal using connecting wires.
 Note the positive of the pointer in the voltmeter and record the reading.
 Repeat the experiment by taking different concentration of zinc sulphate and the copper
sulphate solutions.
Observations
S.no. MCuSo4 MZnSo4 EMF
1 0.5 0.5 0.98V
2 0.5 0.25 0.81V
3 0.25 0.25 0.90V
Conclusion
With these observations, we conclude that EMF of the cell
increases with decreases in the concentration of the
electrolyte around the anode and the increase in the
concentration of the electrolyte around the cathode.
Bibliography
1.Chemistry Part-1, Textbook for class XII
2.http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Di-
Fa/Electrochemistry.html
3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniell_cell
4.http://chemcollective.org/chem/electrochem/step2_cell

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