SOCIAL STUDIES

Transparency International is a global movement with one vision: a world in which

government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption which is
based in Berlin, Germany.
Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) aggregates data from a number of different sources that
provide perceptions by business people and country experts of the level of corruption in the
public.
“TONG” OR PROTECTION MONEY is a form of bribery which is done by citizens performing
illegal activities and operations. They deliver huge amounts of money to high ranking officials
particularly those in-charge of enforcing the law in exchange for unhampered illegal operation.
Money paid, especially at regular intervals, to criminals or to corrupt officials who threaten to
cause harm to the payer or to his or her business if the money is not paid.
EXTORTION is rampant in agencies issuing clearances, and other documents, those involved in
the recruitment of personnel, or those performing services that directly favor ordinary citizens.
Ghost Projects and Payrolls is a person on a list of employees who either do not exist or are
not required to show up for work. This is done by high officials whereby non-existing projects
are financed while non-existing personnel or pensioners are being paid salaries and
allowances.
Tax Evasion is very rampant, particularly in the private sector due to the refusal of those
engaged in private businesses to honestly declare their annual income and to pay the
corresponding taxes to the government.
Passing of Contracts usually happens in the construction of infrastructure projects,
contractors have the practice of passing the work from one contractor to another.
Evasion of public bidding in awarding of contracts sometimes, members of bids and awards
committees are very subjective in awarding the contract to those who can provide them with
personal benefits.
Extortion is done by officials against their clients by demanding money, valuable items, or
services from ordinary citizens who transact business with them or their office.
Nepotism and Favoritism are government officials particularly those occupying high positions
tend to cause the appointment or employment of relatives and close friends to government
positions even if they are not qualified or eligible to discharge the functions of that office.
Passing of Contracts is when a certain percentage of the project value is retained by each
contractor and subcontractors resulting in the use of substandard materials or even unfinished
projects.
Nepotism and Favoritism is one of the root causes of inefficiency and the overflowing of
government employees in the bureaucracy.
Lagay System or Bribery is the most frequently employed method of offering a considerable
amount of money to a government official who can facilitate the issuance of the desired
documents in agencies issuing licenses, permits, clearances, and those agencies deputized to
make decisions on particular issues.
"Tong " or Protection Money is the law enforcement officer who receives the money will be
duty – bound to protect the citizen concerned together with his illegal activities from other law
enforcement authorities. This is practiced mostly by gambling lords and those engaged in
business without the necessary permits
Ghost Projects and Payrolls practice is rampant in agencies involved in formulation and
implementation of programs & projects particularly in infrastructure and in the granting of
salaries, allowances and pension benefits.
Evasion of public bidding in awarding of contracts Offices, forgo the awarding of contracts
through public bidding or award these contracts to favored business enterprises or contractors.
Corruption is not only about bribes, people especially the poor get hurt when resources are
wasted. That’s why it is so important to understand the different kinds of corruption to develop
smart responses.
It's not 1999. Use the power of technology to build dynamic and continuous exchanges
between key stakeholders: government, citizens, business, civil society groups, media,
academia etc.
Cut the Red Tape Bring together formal and informal processes (this means working with the
government as well as non-governmental groups) to change behavior and monitor progress.
Power of the People Create pathways that give citizens relevant tools to engage and
participate in their governments – identify priorities, problems and find solutions.
Learn by Doing Any good strategy must be continually monitored and evaluated to make sure
it can be easily adapted as situations on the ground change.
Get Incentives Right Align anti-corruption measures with market, behavioral, and social forces.
Adopting integrity standards is a smart business decision, especially for companies interested in
doing business with the World Bank Group and other development partners.
Act Globally and Locally Keep citizens engaged in corruption at local, national, international
and global levels – in line with the scale and scope of corruption. Make use of the architecture
that has been developed and the platforms that exist for engagement.
Sanction Matters Punishing corruption is a vital component of any effective anti-corruption
effort.
Build capacity for those who need it most. Countries that suffer from chronic fragility, conflict
and violence– are often the ones that have the fewest internal resources to combat corruption.
Identify ways to leverage international resources to support and sustain good governance.
Deliver the goods Invest in institutions and policy – sustainable improvement in how a
government delivers services is only possible if the people in these institutions endorse sensible
rules and practices that allow for change while making the best use of tested traditions and
legacies – imported models often do not work.
In terms of size, the Panama Papers is likely the biggest leak of inside information in history –
more than 11.5 million documents – and it is equally likely to be one of the most explosive in the
nature of its revelations.
The leak exposes the offshore holdings of 12 current and former world leaders and reveals how
associates of Russian President Vladimir Putin secretly shuffled as much as $2 billion through
banks and shadow companies.
The files about corruption contain new details about major scandals ranging from England's
most infamous gold heist.
The files about corruption contain new details about major scandals ranging from an unfolding
political money laundering affair in Brazil
The files about corruption contain new details about major scandals ranging from bribery
allegations convulsing FIFA, the body that rules international soccer.
The CPI uses a scale from 0 to 100 where 100 is very clean
The CPI uses a scale from 0 to 100 where 0 is highly corrupt
According to CPI 2021 , 2/3 of countries or 120 countries got failing scores, with an average
score of 43/100
The Western Europe and European Union is the highest scoring region ,according to CPI
2021 results
The Sub-Sahara Africa is the lowest scoring region, according to CPI 2021 results
In the CPI 2019 Results, the Top 1 countries are Denmark, New Zealand, Finland, with
scores of 88 each
In the CPI 2021 Results, the three bottom countries are Somalia, Syria and South Sudan
with scores of 13, 13, and 11, respectively.
In the CPI 2021 Results In the CPI 2021 Results, despite multiple commitments, 131 countries
have made no significant progress against corruption in the last decade.
In the CPI 2021 Results In the CPI 2021 Results, 27 countries significantly decreased their
scores
1. Corruption is not only about bribes: People especially the poor get hurt when resources
are wasted. That’s why it is so important to understand the different kinds of corruption to
develop smart responses.
2. Power of the people: Create pathways that give citizens relevant tools to engage and
participate in their governments – identify priorities, problems and find solutions.
3. Cut the red tape: Bring together formal and informal processes (this means working with the
government as well as non-governmental groups) to change behavior and monitor progress.
4. It’s not 1999: Use the power of technology to build dynamic and continuous exchanges
between key stakeholders: government, citizens, business, civil society groups, media,
academia etc.
5. Deliver the goods: Invest in institutions and policy – sustainable improvement in how a
government delivers services is only possible if the people in these institutions endorse sensible
rules and practices that allow for change while making the best use of tested traditions and
legacies – imported models often do not work.
6. Get incentives right: Align anti-corruption measures with market, behavioral, and social
forces. Adopting integrity standards is a smart business decision, especially for companies
interested in doing business with the World Bank Group and other development partners.
7. Sanctions matter: Punishing corruption is a vital component of any effective anti-corruption
effort.
8. Act globally and locally: Keep citizens engaged on corruption at local, national, international
and global levels – in line with the scale and scope of corruption. Make use of the architecture
that has been developed and the platforms that exist for engagement.
9. Build capacity for those who need it most: Countries that suffer from chronic fragility,
conflict and violence– are often the ones that have the fewest internal resources to combat
corruption. Identify ways to leverage international resources to support and sustain good
governance.
10. Learn by doing: Any good strategy must be continually monitored and evaluated to make
sure it can be easily adapted as situations on the ground change.
Corruption Perception Index- aggregates data from a number of different sources that provide
perceptions by business people and country experts of the level of corruption in the public
SCIENCE
HYPOTHALAMUS is a body part that is involved in both the nervous and endocrine system
RICKETS is a disease characterized mainly by bone deformities in young children by their 6th
month of life due to parathyroid disorder.
HORMONES Glands are small organs located throughout your body that secrete (that means
release) substances
HYPERTHROIDISM This thyroid disease is also called Grave's disease in honor of Robert
James Graves, an Irish physician.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS the ductless glands
Among FSH, GH, LH, ADH. Which of the following is NOT included in the group? ADH
Among T4, T3, CALCITONIN AND TSH. Which of the following is not included in the group?
TSH
PANCREAS is an endocrine gland that performs its function in the digestive system
GH is a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates growth of
bones and tissues
THYMUS is an endocrine gland responsible for the development of defense system of the body
against disease-causing organisms
PARATHYROID is the four small glands embedded on the surface of the thyroid gland.
ASPHYXIA is a condition which may result in death due to the removal of the parathyroid gland.
INSULIN is a hormone that prevents the blood sugar level from rising too high.
ACROMEGALY This may result from excessive release of Growth Hormone during adulthood
TYPE 1 Type of diabetes mellitus when the body does not produce insulin
HYPERTHYROIDISM is the condition due to increased circulating level of T3 and T4
OSTEOMALACIA is a disease limited to females that usually appears after multiple
pregnancies and lactation due to calcium and vitamin D deficiency
DWARFISM is a pituitary disorder characterized by the body's insufficient production of growth
hormone.
GOITER is the enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency
SWEAT GLAND is an exocrine gland
T3 is a kind of hormones secreted by thyroid gland which means triiodothyronine
A type of disease due to high blood sugar for a longer period diabetes mellitus
The ductless glands endocrine
An endocrine gland that may also perform an excretory function pancreas
A chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal
glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system endocrine
Which of the following is a heterocrine gland? Pancreas
Which type of diabetes is also known as " insulin resistance"? Type 2
It is a disease due to excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults acromegalyt
Which part of pituitary gland secretes melanocytes? intermediate pituitary
Glands that secrete their products through a duct exocrine
The female gonads ovaries
The male gonads testes
What type of gland is a liver? exocrine gland
An endocrine gland that also perform a function in the digestive system pancreas
A body part that is involved in both nervous and endocrine system hypothalamus
An endocrine gland which is being referred to as the master gland pituitary
The state of steady internal, physical , and chemical conditions maintained by living systems
homeostasis
Another type of hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is T4 which means thyroxine
Pituitary Gland also referred as the master gland
Adrenaline - known as the emergency hormone
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? Mammary Gland
If you skip a meal, which of the following conditions would prevail? Glucagon levels would rise
and glycogen will be converted into glucose
Thyroid - thyroxine
Pineal - melatonin
Pancreas - insulin
Adrenal Glands - epinephrine
Testes - testosterone
Ovaries- estrogen
Pituitary (posterior) - oxytocin
Pituitary (anterior) - acth
Parathyroid - parathormone
Gastrointestinal tract - gastrin

Good luck! :) - dix

MUSIC
Philippine Contemporary Music refers to the works created from the period of the twentieth
century up to today that embraces the musical characteristics and styles of Philippine art
music.
When we are talking about traditional music, it is the music of the Philippines from the
twentieth century specifically up to the present music
NICANOR ABELARDO
A 20th century modern composer and was credited for bringing the Kundiman to the level of the
art that bloomed during the 20th century
Best-known compositions
Nasaan Ka Irog Ko
Kundiman ng Luha
Mutya ng Pasig
Bituing Marikit
FELIPE PADILLA DE LEON
● Known as a nationalist, he sought to express the Philippines’ cultural identity through his
compositions.
● Wrote piano compositions, hymns, marches, chamber music, symphonic poems,
overtures, band music, school songs, operas, sarswelas and kundiman.
● National for Music (1997)
Best-known compositions
Pasko Na Naman
Noli Me Tangere (1975)
El Filisbusterismo (1970)
Tindig aking Inang Bayan
Bagong Pagsilang
Noche Buena
Mutya ng Lahi
Ako’y Pilipino
Lupang Tinubuan
LUCIO SAN PEDRO
● A composer, conductor and a teacher whose works contain folk elements that can be
found in the Philippine culture.
● He had written masses, hymns, choral works, songs for solo voices, chamber and
orchestral music, incidental music and background music for movies.
● National Artist for Music , 1991
Some of his famous compositions
Sa Ugoy ng Duyan
Sa Lupang Sarili
Lahing Kayumanggi
Malakas at Maganda Overture
Simbang Gabi
Santo Nino Mass
RYAN CAYABYAB
● Was a teacher, composer, arranger, pianist, singer,, producer, conductor and a musical
director.
● As a traditional composer, his expertise was seen through his varied compositions of
different genres like folk song, kundiman, religious, jazz, musical play and Original
Pilipino Music (OPM)
● He established a musical school, the Ryan Cayabyab Music Studio, he also founded and
managed groups like Smokey Mountain, 14K and Ryan Cayabyab Singers.
● He is also known as the “Maestro” or the “Mr. C” of the Philippines.
● National Artist for Music (2018)
Among his famous works are the following:
Alikabok
El Filibusterismo
Katy
Kumukuti-kutitap
Limang-Dipang Tao
Misa 2000
Noli Me Tangere
Tsismis
Da Coconut Nut
Tuloy na Tuloy parin ang Pasko
Tuwing Umuulan at Kapiling Ka
Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika
Magbalik ka na Mahal (from ballet-musical RAMA HARI)
Under the Phil. Contemporary Music is our very own, Modern Filipino Music, also known as
OPM
He was a Filipino composer and teacher who was proclaimed a national artist of the Philippines
in 1991 Lucio San Pedro
Reasons why traditional Philippine music has been influenced by other cultures intercultural
meetings and colonization
Is a genre of traditional Filipino love songs - a traditional serenade; it could be for love ones, for
family, and for country. Kundiman
He bring the Kundiman to the level of the art that bloomed during the 20th century. Nicanor
Abelardo
His music compositions described the Philippine's cultural distinctiveness and the country's
cultural identity. Felipe de Leon
His music composition contains folk elements that can be found in the Philippine culture. Lucio
San Pedro
He is one of the most popular and prolific composers in the Philippines today had written works
for ballet, theatrical musicals, choral pieces, masses, and pop songs. Ryan Cayabyab
European romanticism with chromaticism/MutyangPasig ,Nasaan Ka Irog, Cavatina for
Violoncello, and Magbalik KaHirang. Nicanor Abelardo
Also known as "New Music", or Modern music Contemporary Philippine Music
National Artist for Music in 1997 Felipe de Leon
Is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and
performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media
composer
Advocate of using folk songs in his composition. Lucio San Pedro
National Artist for Music in 2018 Ryan Cayabyab
It was an award or title given to a musician or composer who has many contributions in the
expansion of Philippine music, as well as in our culture and heritage. National Artist for Music
CONSTANCIO DE GUZMAN (1903-1982)
● Was a composer and a musical director and studied piano composition under "Nicanor
Abelardo" and acknowledge as the "Dean of Filipino Movie Composers and Musical
Directors."
● was a musical director of movie production companies like Sampaguita, LVN, Royal,
Excelsior, Lea and Tagalog Ilang-ilang Productions.
Famous compositions:
● Maalaala Mo Kaya (1940)
● Bayan Ko (1928)
● Ang Tangi Kong Pag-ibig
● Pamaypay ng Maynila
● Babalik Ka Rin
 ● Birheng Walang Dambana
● Kung Kita’y Kapiling (1948)
MIGUEL "MIKE" VELARDE (1913-1986)
● Was a composer , conductor and a musical director and learned the basic of harmony
and compositions from Antonio Molina and Ariston Avelino.
● Composed musical scored for Sampaguita Films
● Developed his own style and composed highly melodious and romantic songs
Famous compositions are:
● Ikaw (1935)
● Habang Buhay (1938)
● Lahat ng Araw (1939)
● minamahal kita (1940)
● Ikaw ay Akin (1940)
● Dahil sa'yo (1938)
LEVI CELERIO (1910-2002)
● Was a Filipino composer and lyricist who credited to writing not less than 4,000 songs.
● He wrote Filipino folk, Christmas songs, and love songs which some of them are used in
feature films.
● Celerio was recognized as National Artist of the Philippines for Music and Literature in
1997.
● Known for using leaf which led to being recognized as the “only man who could play
music using a leaf” by the Guinness Book of Records.
● He became partner with Lucio San Pedro in some of his compositions; himself as the
lyricist and San Pedro for the melody of the composition; Some of the examples are the
songs “Sa Ugoy ng Duyan ,” and “ Ang Pasko ay Sumapit.”
Famous Compositions
● Gaano Ko Ikaw Kamahal
● Ikaw
● Kahit Konting pagtingin
● Kalesa
● Pitong Gatang
● Sa Ugoy ng Duyan
● Waray-waray
● Saan Ka Man Naroon
● Ang Pasko ay Sumapit
GEORGE CANSECO (1934-2004)
● Considered as a “nationally acclaimed composer of numerous popular Filipino classic
songs.”
● He was commissioned by former Philippines First Lady, Imelda Marcos, to compose the
national tribute hymn, “Ako ay Pilipino.”
Canseco’s big hits are the following
 ● Ako ang Nagwagi
● Dapat ka bang mahalin
● Dito Ba?
● Gaano Kadalas ang Minsan
● Hiram
● Kailangan Kita
● Kapantay ay langit
● Kastilyong buhangin
● Kung ako’y iiwan mo
● Langis at tubig
● Ngayon
● Ngayon at kailanman
● Sinasamba kita

ARTS
Jose Nepomuceno - is dubbed as the “Father of Philippine Movies," his first film was based on
a highly acclaimed musical play of that day.

● Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden) Sept. 12, 1919, first Filipino feature film directed
by Jose Nepomuceno

● Dalagang Bukid is a silent film.

Julian Manansala - In 1930’s Patria Amore (Beloved Country) was almost concealed due to
its anti-Spanish sentiments and merited as the “Father of Nationalistic Films.”

1950s were considered as the “Golden Age” of the Philippine Filmmaking.

● A new kind of consciousness was cinematically, artistically and socially developed.

● Big Four Studious were at the height of filmmaking LVN Pictures, Sampaguita Pictures,
Premiere Productions and Lebran International
● Award given bodies were formed also in the 50s, like FAMAS

1970s and 1980s

Films in this era dealt with more serious topics following the Marcos regime. Progressive
filmmakers who emerged to make movies dealing with current social issues and examining
characters and culture of the Philippines.
Lino Brocka - Award winning filmmaker who gained attention in the international film community
for his films about the Marcos dictatorship.

Among his famous works are:

● Tinimbang Ka Ngunit
● Kulang (1974)
● Maynila:Sa mga Kuko ng
● Liwanag (1975)
● Insiang (1976)
● Kapit sa Patalim; Bayan Ko (1984)
● Natultulog Pa ang Diyos (1988)

PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY FILMMAKERS

Laurice Guillen

Award-winning Filipina Director and actress among her films are:

● Salome in 1981in which was highly distinguished at the Toronto Int’l Film Festival
● Tanging Yaman in 2001, won Best Picture in MMFF
● Sayo Lamang, Ina Kapatid Anak, American Adobo and many more.

Marilou Diaz Abaya

● Was able to get attention of the viewing public when she did the socially and culturally
oriented powerful films, among her famous works are:
● Jose Rizal in 1988 (1998) Muro-Ami in 1999, Bagong Buwan in 2001

Maryo J. Delos Reyes

● Was a Filipino Film and television director and began his career in the 70s.
● His drama film “Magnifico” won him the Best Director in the 2003 FAMAS Awards and
several local and international film awards.

Among his famous works are

 ● Mga Kwento ni Lola Basyang
● Bagets and Bagets 2
● Pepe and Pilar and many more Pinoy movies

Brillante Mendoza
An indie filmmaker and director who received international

awards, among his films are as follows:

● Lola 2009
● Thy Womb 2012
● Kinatay 2009
● Mindanao 2019
● Trap 2015
She was a highly respected filmmaker for her socially and culturally oriented films. Marilou Diaz
Abaya
He was one of the aggressive Filipino filmmakers who emerged to make movies dealing with
social issues especially in the Marcos regime. Lino Brocka
What kind of film was first shown in the Philippine cinema? Silent Film
A Filipino film which was timely shown during the centennial celebration of the Philippine
Independence Day by Dir. Abaya. Jose Rizal
Unstable years of the Philippine Industry that brought positive and negative changes and films
in this era dealt with more serious topics. 1970s-1980s
Films that are produced by smaller production companies and do not follow the same formula
as studio films. Instead, they vary in style and genre. Independent Films
Dubbed as the Father of Nationalistic Films Julian Manansala
An endearing boy builds a coffin for his still alive-lola. Dies and uses it himself instead.
Magnifico
Is a 2000 Filipino religious-family drama film and garnered several awards, especially at the
2000 Metro Manila Film Festival including Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Actress. Tanging
Yaman
A film by Marilou Diaz Abaya that depicts one of the worst forms of child labor in the illegal
fishing system, pounding and crushing corals to scare fish and driving them towards the nets
Muro-Ami
A 1984 two-part Filipino youth-oriented comedy film directed by Maryo J. de los Reyes, about a
group of high school teenagers especially boys started copying the hairstyle and clothing style
of the film's lead stars. Its popularity also set the trend for youth oriented movies in Philippine
cinema. Bagets
A Filipino Independent filmmaker who received international awards and recognition winning the
the most coveted Best Director at the Cannes International Film Festival, Brillante Mendoza
A series of still images that, when shown on screen , create the illusion of moving images. Film
1950s were considered as the Golden Age of Philippine filmmaking .
First Filipino who produced a film. Jose Nepomuceno
Art form that has the largest audience. Film
Filipinos started making movies. 1919
Height of filmmaking, Used studio systems, establishments of local and international awards
1950s
The New Society, Martial Law Era, censorship 1970s

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Street Dance
● Is a dance style (regarding country origin) that evolved outside dance studios in any
available space such as street dance parties, block parties, parks, school yards and
nightclubs.
● It is a dance form, reacting against traditional high-art dance styles
● This dance is electric in nature and encompasses a range of dance styles and
characterized by descriptions such as hip-hop, funk and break dancing.
● Is a dance style (regarding country origin) that evolved outside dance studios in any
available space such as street dance parties, block parties, parks, school yards and
nightclubs.
BREAKING is also called breakdancing or b-boying/b-girling, is an athletic style of street dance
from the United. States
Top rock- performed by standing position, starting with warm-up to the more dynamic moves.
Down rock- relates to the footwork that is performed on the floor
Power moves- actions that require a certain amount of physical power to perform, some moves
come from martial arts and gymnastics.
Finishing moves- at the end of dancers “set” that is normally a “freeze” in a stylish pose.
LOCKING Is a type of street dance that involves acrobatic moves and could be seen as
comical.It requires fast and exaggerated hand and arm movements, but the hips and legs are
more relaxed.This style means holding your movements in place, from a very fast move you
would freeze and keep it rigid.
KRUMPING This style of dance requires a lot of energy and is entirely freestyle and became a
major part of hip-hop in the 90s. It has four primary moves like, wobbles, stomps, arm swings
and chest pops.
POPPING A technique usually done standing up and quickly contracting and relaxing your
muscles that will cause your body to jerk called a hit or a pop The moves are performed
continuously with the music and are concentrated on the specific parts of the body-chest, leg or
arm.
WAVING A dance style that is basically a combined set of moves that makes it look as though a
wave is travelling through the body of the performer, sometimes this style is used in conjunction
with popping.
ROBOTICS DANCE STYLE Indicates dancing like a robot, the moves themselves are called “
dime stops” that mean moving a part of your body and bringing it to an abrupt stop like that of a
robot. If this style is danced or performed without music, it is known as “mime”.
What would dance crews do together: Practice and compete
Dancers who would dance during the "break" of the song b-boy/b-girl
Commercial art form that developed from breaking/b-boys/girls. breakdancing
A Street dance movement in which the dancers requires a lot of energy and is entirely freestyle.
krumping
Party organizer and one man show. Created soundtrack for parties. Played music and stirred up
crowd. DJ
Mean moving a part of your body and bringing it to an abrupt stop like that of a robot. dime stop
This movement requires fast and exaggerated hand and arm movements, but the hips and legs
are more relaxed. Locking
This breakdancing movement requires amount of physical power to perform and some moves
come from gymnastics or martial arts. power moves
This technique is usually done standing up and quickly contracting and relaxing your muscles
that will cause your body to jerk. Popping
A movement in breakdancing in which steps are performed from a standing position starting
with the warm up to the more dynamics moves. Top Rock
HEALTH
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
● The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) are 8 goals to be achieved by 2015 that
respond to the world's main development changes.
● It is based on actions and targets contained in the Millenium Declaration that was
adopted by 189 nations during the UN Millennium Summit in Set. 2000.
● The MDG has 21 targets and a series of measurable health indicators and economic
indicators.

MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Target:
Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.

● The target of reducing extreme poverty rates by half was met five year ahead of the
2015 deadline.
● This includes the following efforts: local recruitment, local enterprise investment, local
supply purchase, fair trade, poverty awareness campaigns, humanitarian projects.

MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

Target:
Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls will be able to complete a full course
of primary schooling.

This includes the following efforts:

Funding for schools, offering teacher grants, delivering school supplies and computers,
in-company technical and language training, scholarships, mentorship programs and
information programs.

MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Indicators: track elements of women’s social, economic and political participation and guide the
building of gender-equitable societies.

Working Areas:
● Empowerment of women, especially as it contributes to health
● Supports the prevention of and response to gender-based violence
● Promotes women’s participation and leadership
● Define ways in which men can be engaged to promote gender equality and to contribute
more to their own health and that of their families and communities.

MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Target: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.

To deliver these interventions, WHO promotes four main strategies:

● appropriate home care and timely treatment of complications for newborns;

● integrated management of childhood illness for all children under five years old;
● expanded program on immunization;
● infant and young child feeding.
● These child health strategies are complemented by interventions for maternal health, in
particular, skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth.

MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health

Targets
● Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
● Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

This includes the following:

● Free screening and medical care

● Free supply of maternity-related complements
● Education programs and investment research and development
● Fund for facilities and children facilities in-company
MDG 6:Combat HIV/AIDS and other Diseases
Target:
● Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread ofHIV/AIDS.
● Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it.

Includes the following efforts:

● Prevention training and awareness raising activities

● Education programs
● Free medical check-ups
● Social inclusion programs and policies
● Investment in research and development

MDG 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Target:
By 2015, halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and
basic sanitation.

Following efforts

● Compliance o advanced norms and standards

● Resource efficiency
● Renewable energies and recycling eco-materials
● Wildlife and ecosystem preservation actions
● Reverse loss of environmental and biodiversity resources
● Reduce by ½ the people without the access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.
● Achievement significant in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020

MDG 8: Develop a global partnership for development

This includes the following efforts:

● Collaboration between UN bodies

● Public and private sectors and independent associations and civil society participants to
provide
● resources and assistance to governments and host communities through tourism
development and growth.
GOODLUCK :) - DIX