2 Force and Motion Chapter 3 Force and Motion (I)

Revision exercise 3 During 02 s, by F = ma,

Concept traps (p.137) N  mg = ma
1 F N = ma + mg
A moving object remains in a state of uniform = 55(1) + 55(9.81)
motion unless acted on by an unbalanced = 594.6 N
force. An unbalanced force makes an object Reading of scale R = = 60.6 kg
accelerate.
2 F 12 A
The net force acting on each object is its own Take the moving direction of the car as
weight. The statement is true only if the two positive. By F = ma,
objects have the same mass. a= = = 4 m s2
3 T
By v2 = u2 + 2as,
4 T

s= = = 113 m
Multiple-choice questions (p.137)
5 B
13 C
6 B
Consider the 3-kg mass.
7 C
Since it is stationary, the net force acting on it
8 A
is zero.
9 B
 T = mg = 3  9.81 = 29.4 N
10 C
14 C
Take the moving direction of the ball as
After the 2-kg mass is released, it moves
positive.
upwards and the 3-kg mass moves
By v2 = u2 + 2as,
downwards. The magnitudes of their
a= = = accelerations are a.

tension T tension T
Resistive force = ma = 1.2  =

0.03u2 2-kg mass 3-kg mass

Magnitude of resistive force is 0.03u . 2

weight mg
11 B weight Mg
normal reaction
from lift N Take upwards as positive. Apply F = ma.
woman For the 2-kg mass,
T  mg = ma
weight mg T  2(9.81) = 2a
T  19.62 = 2a (1)
Take upwards as positive.

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 3 Force and Motion (I)

For the 3-kg mass, 23 (a) normal reaction

T  3(9.81) = 3(a)
T  29.43 = 3a (2)
(1)  (2), friction
weight
=
(1 correct force with correct name) 1A
3T + 58.86 = 2T  58.86
(All correct) 1A
T = 23.5 N normal reaction
(b)
15 A
friction
16 C
17 B
s = ut + at 2 = 0 + at 2 weight

(1 correct force with correct name) 1A

a=
(All correct) 1A
By F = ma, 24 (a) magnetic force

F  f = ma

=m

s= weight

(1 correct force with correct name) 1A

When F  fmax, f = F
(All correct) 1A
 s=0
(b) The magnetic force is 1 N 1A
When F > fmax, f = constant
upwards. 1A
 s= constant (c) The magnetic force acting on the globe
by the holder and the magnetic force
 s varies linearly with F.
acting on the holder by the globe 1A
18 (HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q31)
19 (HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q3) 25 (a) mgM = 1M
20 (HKCEE 2010 Paper 2 Q30)
21 (HKDSE 2012 Paper 1A Q8) gM = = = 3.27 m s2 1A
22 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1A Q7)
The gravitational acceleration on Mars is
3.27 m s2.
Conventional questions (p.140)
(b) On Mars, the object accelerates at a
lower rate 1A
and takes a longer time to reach the
ground. 1A

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 3 Force and Motion (I)

(c) The motion is the same on Mars and on 27 (a) His idea is incorrect. 1A
the Earth. 1A The ball moves horizontally at the same
26 (a) upward force by hand U velocity as the train before it is thrown.
1A
By Newton’s first law, its horizontal
X
motion remains unchanged after it is
thrown since no horizontal force acts on
weight Mg tension in
string T it. 1A
(b) Consider the horizontal motion. Take
(1 correct force with correct name) 1A
forwards as positive.
(All correct) 1A
(i) By F = ma,
tension in string T
a= = = 10 m s2 1M
Y
The ball is stationary relative to
weight mg Bobby before it is thrown.
v = u + at 1M
(1 correct force with correct name) 1A = 0 + (10)0.5 = 5 m s 1
1A
(All correct) 1A The velocity of the ball is 5 m s1
(b) Take upwards as positive. backwards relative to Bobby.
The masses move at the same (ii) The ball is moving at 20 m s1
acceleration a as they are connected by forwards relative to a person on the
an inextensible string. ground before it is thrown.
Apply F = ma. v = u + at
Consider X. = 20 + (10)0.5
U  Mg  T = Ma (1) 1M = 15 m s1 1A
Consider Y. The velocity of the ball is 15 m s1
T  mg = ma (2) 1M forwards relative to a person on the
(1)  (2), ground.
= 28 (a) One newton of force is defined as the
force that produces an acceleration of
mU  mMg  mT = MT  mMg
1 m s2 on a mass of 1 kg. 1A
T= (b) The free-body diagram of Joan is as
shown. Take upwards as positive.
= normal reaction
from balance N
= 10 N 1A Joan

Tension in the string is 10 N. weight mg

(c) Zero 1A

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 3 Force and Motion (I)

(i) By F = ma, 1M (All correct) 1A

N  mg = ma (c) Consider X.
N = ma + mg Tension = ma = 30(1.25) = 37.5 N 1A
= 50(1.5) + 50(9.81) (d) Net force = ma = 10(1.25) = 12.5 N 1A
= 566 N 1A (e) Her statement is incorrect. 1A
Reading of balance is 566 N. Since the surface is frictionless, the net
(ii) Reading of balance force acting on X becomes zero after the
= 50(0) + 50(9.81) = 491 N 1A string breaks. 1A
(iii) Reading of balance By Newton’s first law, X will continue to
= 50(1.2) + 50(9.81) 1M move at a constant velocity. 1A
= 431 N 1A 30 (a) T 1A
(c) No, 1A (b) Consider Q.
this is because the normal reaction and Q
TP TR
Joan’s weight are not a pair of action and
reaction. 1A By F = ma, 1A
29 Take the direction to the right as positive. TR  TP = ma = 0 1A
(a) Consider the boxes as one single object.  TR = TP 1A
By F = ma, 1M 31 (a) normal reaction
from ground
a= = = 1.25 m s2 1A tension T2
due to m2

The acceleration of Y is 1.25 m s2 tension T1

due to m1 friction f
towards the right.
weight
(b) normal reaction
from ground
(1 correct force with correct name) 1A
X (3 correct forces with correct names)
tension in
string T 1A
weight (All correct) 1A
(b) If fmax < T1  T2, 1A
(1 correct force with correct name) 1A
M will accelerate towards the left, m1
(All correct) 1A
will accelerate downwards and m2 will
normal reaction
from ground accelerate upwards. 1A
Y If fmax  T1  T2, 1A
tension in 50 N The masses will remain at rest. 1A
string T (c) Consider m1. Take downwards as
weight positive.
Apply F = ma. 1M
(1 correct force with correct name) 1A
m1g  T1 = m1a

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 3 Force and Motion (I)

T1 = m1g  m1a  m1g (1 correct force with correct name) 1A

Consider m2. Take upwards as positive. (All correct) 1A
T2  m2g = m2a normal reaction
from ground
T2 = m2g + m2a  m2g
 T1  T2  m1g  m2g B
force on B
= 0.8(9.81)  0.5(9.81) by A, FBA
= 2.94 N weight
< fmax 1M
 The masses remain at rest. (1 correct force with correct name) 1A
Tension in string hanging m2 (All correct) 1A
= m2g (b) Take the direction to the right as
= 0.5(9.81) positive.
= 4.91 N 1A (i) Consider the blocks as one object.
32 (a) No, I do not agree with her. 1A F = ma 1M
At the beginning, the air resistance is = (3 + 5)0.8
smaller than the weight of the pot. 1A = 6.4 N 1A
The net force acting on the pot points (ii) Consider B.
downwards, 1A FBA = mBa = 5(0.8) = 4 N 1A
so it speeds up as it falls. 1A The force acting on B by A is 4 N
(b) F/N towards the right.
By Newton’s third law, 1A
the force acting on A by B is 4 N
towards the left. 1A
34 Take upwards as positive.
0 t/s (a) By F = ma, 1M
acceleration =
(Correct axes) 1A
(F decreases gradually) 1A
=
(F remains zero after a certain period of
time) 1A
= 1.4014  1.40 m s2 1A
(c) At the beginning. 1A
(b) The weight of the passengers remains
33 (a) normal reaction
from ground unchanged 1A
A
because their masses and the
F
force on A gravitational acceleration remain
by B, FAB
unchanged. 1A
weight
(c) Consider the balloon.

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 3 Force and Motion (I)

By v2 = u2 + 2as, Pull one of the trolleys so that the

trolleys move together. 1A
s= = = 142.7 m
The balances should show the same
1M reading. 1A
Consider the sandbag. 36 (a) Zero 1A
By Newton’s first law, its initial velocity
is 20 m s1 upwards when it leaves the (b) (i) normal reaction
from ground
balloon. 1M
X
By s = ut + at 2, 1M friction
from Y
weight
142.7 = 20t + (9.81)t 2
(1 correct force with correct name)
 4.905t 2  20t  142.7 = 0
1A
 t = 7.80 s or 3.73 s (rejected)
(All correct) 1A
1A
normal reaction
The sandbag needs 7.80 s to reach the from ground
friction from X
ground. Y
F
35 (a) By F = ma, 1M
a= weight

= (1 correct force with correct name)

1A
= 0.625 m s2 1A
(All correct) 1A
The acceleration of X is 0.625 m s2
(ii) Consider the blocks as one object.
towards the right.
F/N Take the direction to the left as
(b)
0.75
positive.
force on Y
By F = ma, 1M
0 t/
2 4 s a= = = 1 m s2 1M
0.75 force on X
Friction on X by Y

(Two forces equal in magnitude but = mX a = 2  1 = 2 N 1A

opposite in direction) 1A (iii) By Newton’s third law, the friction

(Correct sign) 1A on Y by X is 2 N towards the right.

(Correct value) 1A 1A

(c) Hook the spring balances to each other. (c) Push Y with a force larger than 42.5 N.

1A 1A

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 3 Force and Motion (I)

Push X with a force larger than 15 N. (1 correct force with correct name) 1A
1A (All correct) 1A
37 (a) During 05 s, the tension in the string is (b) When the fan pushes air downwards,
larger than the friction between the 2-kg 1A
mass and the table, 1A by Newton’s third law, the air exerts an
so the mass accelerates to the right. 1A equal and opposite force on the fan. 1A
The mass m reaches the ground at t = 5 s The toy can hover in mid-air when this
and the tension becomes zero. Friction force has the same magnitude as the
becomes the net force acting on the 2-kg toy’s weight. 1A
mass, 1A (c) No, 1A
so the mass slows down. 1A when the air pushed by the fan hits the
(b) Consider the motion of the 2-kg mass balance. 1A
during 57 s. it exerts a force on the balance. 1A
a = slope of vt graph 39 (HKCEE 2007 Paper 1 Q1)
= = 2 m s2 1M 40 (a) a= 1M

Friction = ma 1M =
= 2(2) = 4 N 1A
(c) Consider the motion of the 2-kg mass = 3.75 m s2 1A
during 05 s. (b) (i) Air resistance increases with speed,
1A
a= = 0.8 m s2 1M
so the net force (= forward thrust 
By F = ma, air resistance) decreases, and the
T  4 = 2(0.8) acceleration decreases. 1A
T = 5.6 N 1M (ii) When the air resistance is equal to
Consider the motion of the mass m the thrust in magnitude, 1A
during 05 s. Take downwards as the net force and hence the
positive. acceleration is zero, so the car
By F = ma, reaches a constant speed. 1A
m(9.81)  5.6 = m(0.8) (c) (i) The velocity of the car decreases at
m = 0.622 kg 1A a decreasing rate. 1A
The mass of m is 0.622 kg. The car eventually travels at a
38 (a) upward force U constant velocity. 1A
produced by fan
(ii) When the parachute is opened, the
toy
air resistance becomes greater than
weight the thrust in magnitude. As a result,
mg
the velocity decreases. 1A

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 3 Force and Motion (I)

Air resistance decreases with the

speed, and is finally equal to the
thrust in magnitude. Therefore the
car travels at a constant velocity.
1A
41 (HKCEE 2010 Paper 1 Q1)

Experiment questions (p.144)

42 (a) Before the block is removed,
T = weight of weights = mg 1M
Mass of weight =

= 0.248 kg 1A
(b) (i) From Fig ah,
tension in string = 1.93 N 1A
(ii) Acceleration of trolley
= slope of Fig ai
= 1.24 m s2 1A
(c) ma = (0.333 + 0.718)1.24
= 1.30 N 1A
< tension in string 1A
The discrepancy may be due to the
friction acting on the trolley. 1A

Physics in article (p.145)

43 (HKCEE 2005 Paper 1 Q13)

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