HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part I Planet Earth

Chemistry: Chapter 3 The ocean

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 3 The ocean

Multiple-choice questions

Sections 3.13.2
|!|CMEMF0010300001|!| |!|CSEMF0010300001|!|
Which of the following substances can be found in a sample of sea water?
(1) Sodium chloride
(2) Calcium chloride
(3) Magnesium chloride
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D##

|!|CMEMF0010300002|!| |!|CSEMF0010300002|!|
Which of the following statements concerning a saturated salt solution is correct?
A. The amount of salt dissolved in the solvent is maximum at a particular
temperature.
B. The boiling point of the solution is lower than 100C.
C. Salt in the solution can be extracted by filtration.
D. The solution is so concentrated that it forms crystals at room temperature
quickly.

##A The boiling point of impure water (containing dissolved salts) is higher than
100C. Salts in a saturated solution can be extracted by crystallization. Crystals form
slowly from a hot saturated solution at room conditions.##

|!|CMEMF0010300003|!| |!|CSEMF0010300003|!|
Which of the following methods can be used to remove the insoluble impurities, such
as mud, from a sample of sea water?
A. Evaporation
B. Filtration
C. Crystallization
D. Electrolysis

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
##B The tiny holes on a filter paper only allow dissolved solutes and very small
particles to pass through. Insoluble substances such as mud remain on the paper as
residue.##

|!|CMEMF0010300004|!| |!|CSEMF0010300004|!|
A student adds some filtered sea water on a watch glass and heats it with a steam-bath.
Which of the following would be observed after 20 minutes?
A. Black solids appear and float on the surface of sea water.
B. The sea water becomes milky.
C. The volume of the sea water increases.
D. White powder is left on the watch glass.

##D Sea water contains sodium chloride. Heating sea water causes water to evaporate
and white powder of sodium chloride is left on the watch glass.##

|!|CMEMF0010300005|!| |!|CSEMF0010300005|!|
Which of the following statements about filtration is correct?
A. It can separate a soluble solute from its solution.
B. The solid left on the filter paper after filtration is called residue.
C. The solution to be filtered is called filtrate.
D. Filtration is an effective way to purify a solid.

##B Filtrate is the liquid collected after filtration. Filtration cannot separate soluble
impurities or very small insoluble impurities from a solution. Filtration can only give
a rough separation but not to purify a solid.##

|!|CMEMF0010300006|!| |!|CSEMF0010300006|!|
Which of the following apparatus is NOT required during the filtration of sea water?
A. Filter funnel
B. Glass rod
C. Liebig condenser
D. Filter paper

##C##

|!|CMEMF0010300007|!| |!|CSEMF0010300007|!|
When sea water is heated in an evaporating dish,

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(1) sodium chloride crystals would remain on the evaporating dish.

(2) water is removed during evaporation.
(3) impurities could not be removed.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C Sodium chloride crystals could only be formed by evaporation under room
temperature.##

|!|CMEMH0010300008|!| |!|CSEMH0010300008|!|
A student wants to prepare sodium chloride crystals. Sodium chloride solution is
heated to remove some of the water. Which of the following methods can be used to
check whether the solution is concentrated enough for crystallization?
A. Taste the solution to predict its concentration.
B. Observe if the colour of the solution is milky.
C. Dip a glass rod into the solution and then take it out to see if the tip of the
rod becomes ‘cloudy’.
D. Measure the volume of the solution to see if it is half of the initial volume.

##C The small drop of solution at the tip of the glass rod will cool down rapidly. A
cold solution can hold less amount of solute than a hot solution. Sodium chloride can
crystallize out rapidly.##

|!|CMEMF0010300009|!| |!|CSEMF0010300009|!|
In order to obtain solid sodium chloride from sodium chloride solution, which of the
following physical methods can be used?
(1) Evaporation
(2) Distillation
(3) Crystallization
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##C##

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|!|CMEMF0010300010|!| |!|CSEMF0010300010|!|
Which of the following processes yields large crystals of copper(II) sulphate from a
beaker of hot saturated copper(II) sulphate solution?
A. Place the beaker in a water bath.
B. Place the beaker under running water.
C. Leave the beaker on the bench.
D. Heat the solution to remove all the water.

##C##

|!|CMEMF0010300011|!| |!|CSEMF0010300011|!|
Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of steps used to separate soil
and sugar from a mixture of soil and sugar solution?
A. Evaporation, filtration
B. Distillation, crystallization
C. Crystallization, filtration
D. Filtration, evaporation

##D Filtration can separate soil from the mixture. Crystallization can be used to
obtain sugar crystals from the filtrate.##

|!|CMEMF0010300012|!| |!|CSEMF0010300012|!|
Sodium chloride crystals are usually prepared from a hot concentrated sodium
chloride solution because
A. hot water evaporates continuously and finally crystals form.
B. the solubility of sodium chloride in water decreases when the temperature
drops.
C. sodium chloride absorbs water to form crystals at high temperature.
D. hot water enhances the bonding between sodium ions and chloride ions.

##B The solubility of sodium chloride in water decreases when the temperature
drops. Hence, water cannot hold all the dissolved sodium chloride and some of them
separates out as crystals.##

Section 3.3
|!|CMEMF0010300013|!| |!|CSEMF0010300013|!|
Anti-bumping granules are added in the set-up of distillation. They are used to
(1) ensure that the substances evaporate at their corresponding boiling points.

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(2) prevent bumping of the solution.

(3) provide a better cooling effect.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B Anti-bumping granules prevent vigorous boiling of the solution. The solution
(not yet vaporized) will not spurt out to the collection vessel. Otherwise, the solution
may contaminate the distillate.##

|!|CMEMF0010300014|!| |!|CSEMF0010300014|!|
Which of the following arrangements enhances the cooling effect of Liebig condenser
in a distillation set-up?
A. Water remains stationary in the Liebig condenser.
B. Water runs downwards across the Liebig condenser.
C. Water runs upwards across the Liebig condenser.
D. Water runs up and down repeatedly across the Liebig condenser.

##C##

|!|CMEMF0010300015|!| |!|CSEMF0010300015|!|
Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) Sodium chloride is the most abundant mineral in sea water.
(2) Pure sodium chloride could be obtained from sea water by distillation.
(3) The composition of sodium chloride in sea water may vary according to the
location and depth of the sea.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B Pure sodium chloride is obtained from sea water by crystallization after
filtration.##

|!|CMEMF0010300016|!| |!|CSEMF0010300016|!|
Distillation is a separation method involving
A. melting followed by boiling.

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B. boiling followed by evaporation.

C. boiling followed by condensation.
D. sublimation followed by condensation.

##C##

|!|CMEMF0010300017|!| |!|CSEMF0010300017|!|
Which of the following statements concerning the distillation of sea water in school
laboratory is/are INCORRECT?
(1) A Liebig condenser is used to remove impurities.
(2) Pure water could be obtained in the receiver test tube.
(3) The distillate can turn anhydrous copper(II) sulphate white.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##C A Liebig condenser is used to condense water vapour to liquid. The distillate
(water) can turn anhydrous copper(II) sulphate blue.##

|!|CMEMF0010300018|!| |!|CSEMF0010300018|!|
A student performs a simple distillation with the following apparatus.

Which of the following apparatus are required in simple distillation but are missing in
the set?
(1) Delivery tube
(2) Separating funnel
(3) Thermometer
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)


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##B##

Section 3.4
|!|CMEMF0010300019|!| |!|CSEMF0010300019|!|
Which of the following statements concerning calcium compounds are INCORRECT?
(1) They give a brilliant golden yellow flame in the flame test.
(2) They turn dry cobalt(II) chloride paper pink.
(3) They produce a ‘pop’ sound with a burning splint.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D Calcium compounds produce a brick-red flame in the flame test.##

|!|CMEMF0010300020|!| |!|CSEMF0010300020|!|
The element sodium is usually found in fireworks because
A. sodium is an essential substance to ignite fireworks.
B. sodium burns with a golden yellow flame.
C. sodium makes fireworks explode violently.
D. burning sodium gives the sound of explosion.

##B##

|!|CMEMF0010300021|!| |!|CSEMF0010300021|!|
Consider the steps of flame test listed below:
(1) Heat the platinum wire in a non-luminous Bunsen flame.
(2) Dip the tip of the platinum wire into concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(3) Dip the tip of the platinum wire into the sample under test.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the steps?
A. (1)  (2)  (3)
B. (2)  (3)  (1)
C. (1)  (3)  (2)
D. (3)  (2)  (1)

##B##

|!|CMEMF0010300022|!| |!|CSEMF0010300022|!|

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Which of the following combinations about the flame colours of metals is

INCORRECT?
Metal Flame colour
A. Calcium Brick-red
B. Sodium Golden yellow
C. Potassium White
D. Copper Bluish green

##C##

|!|CMEMF0010300023|!| |!|CSEMF0010300023|!|
To test for the presence of chloride in a sample of sea water, excess dilute nitric acid is
added to the sample followed by silver nitrate solution. The appearance of a white
precipitate indicates the presence of chloride.
(a) What is the white precipitate produced?
A. Silver nitrate
B. Silver chloride
C. Silver sulphate
D. Silver metal

(b) What is the purpose of adding dilute nitric acid?
A. To remove some insoluble impurities such as sand in the sample.
B. To increase the concentration of chloride in the sample.
C. To produce nitrogen dioxide.
D. To prevent formation of other precipitates.

##B,D Nitric acid is used to dissolve other precipitates such as silver carbonate and
silver sulphite.##

Section 3.5
|!|CMEMF0010300024|!| |!|CSEMF0010300024|!|
Which of the following statements about pure water is INCORRECT?
A. It turns white anhydrous calcium sulphate blue.
B. It turns dry cobalt(II) chloride paper from blue to pink.
C. It boils at 100C under room conditions.
D. It can dissolve sodium chloride crystals.


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##A Water turns white anhydrous copper(II) sulphate (but not calcium sulphate)
blue.##

|!|CMEMF0010300025|!| |!|CSEMF0010300025|!|
Which of the following statements are INCORRECT?
(1) If a sample turns dry cobalt(II) chloride paper pink, the sample is pure water.
(2) If a sample contains chloride, effervescence occurs when excess dilute nitric acid
and silver nitrate are added to the sample.
(3) In a flame test, dilute hydrochloric acid is used to moisten the platinum wire.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D Samples containing water can turn dry cobalt(II) chloride paper pink. A white
precipitate forms if chloride is present. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is used to
moisten the platinum wire in a flame test.##

Section 3.6
|!|CMEMF0010300026|!| |!|CSEMF0010300026|!|
Which of the following substances is NOT the major product in the electrolysis of
brine?
A. Oxygen
B. Chlorine
C. Hydrogen
D. Sodium hydroxide

##A##

|!|CMEMF0010300027|!| |!|CSEMF0010300027|!|
Which of the following statements about the uses of the products formed from the
chloroalkali industry is/are correct?
(1) Hydrogen can be used to make margarine.
(2) Chlorine can be used to make soaps.
(3) Sodium hydroxide can be used to make chlorine bleach.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only

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D. (2) and (3) only


##C Sodium hydroxide (but not chlorine) is used to make soaps.##

|!|CMEMF0010300028|!| |!|CSEMF0010300028|!|
Which of the following statements about chlorine are correct?
(1) It is toxic.
(2) It can be obtained by the electrolysis of sea water.
(3) It can be used to sterilize swimming pool water.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D##

|!|CMEMF0010300029|!| |!|CSEMF0010300029|!|
Sodium hydroxide solution is a product from the electrolysis of sea water. Which of
the following statements about sodium hydroxide solution are correct?
(1) It gives a golden yellow flame in the flame test.
(2) It turns dry cobalt(II) chloride paper from pink to blue.
(3) It can be used to neutralize acidic effluents from factories.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B Sodium hydroxide solution contains water. It turns dry cobalt(II) chloride paper
from blue to pink.##

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