the particle size or precipitates can be controlled during gravimetric analysis.

How to
minimize the relative supersaturation phenomenon?
- Q-S Value must be low

what mass of khp will be completely neutralized by 32.57 ml 0.175 m standard naoh
solution? the molar mass of kph is 204.22 g/mol
- 1.164 g KHP

50 ml of 0.50 m barium hydroxide are required to fully titrate a 100 ml solution of sulfuric
acid. what is the initial concentration of the acid?
- 0.25 M

the standard solution whose concentration is known in the titration process is known as
- titrant

the colour change of an indicator used in acid-base titration depends on which of the
following
- change in pH of the medium

volumetric analysis is a quantitative analysis

- true

what is the purpose of indicator solutions?

- to signal the end of a reaction

it is a process in which normally soluble compounds are carried out of solution by a

precipitate
- co-precipitation

type of coprecipitation in which a compound is trapped within a pocket formed during

rapid crystal formation
- occlusion

a type of contamination wherein one of the ions in the crystal lattice of solid is replaced
by an ion of another element
- mixed-crystal formation

contamination happens on large surface precipitate

- surface adsorption

solubility of precipitate is one of the factors that influences the properties of precipitate.
how does it affect the properties?
- low solubility & lower value of Ksp

the factor involved in determining the %ZnO in a sample where Zn was precipitated as
Zn3(po4)2 is
- 3ZnO / Zn3 (PO4)2

in precipitation gravimetry, the particle size is influenced by

- temp, pH of the solution & concentration of the reacting solutions

an iron ore was analyzed by dissolving a 1.1324-g sample in concentrated HCl. The
resulting solution was diluted with water, and the iron (III) was precipitated as the
hydrous oxide Fe2o3 x H2O by the addition of NH3. After filtration and washing, the
residue was ignited at a high temperature to give 0.5394 g of pure Fe2o3 (159.69
g/mol). Calculate the %Fe (55.847 g/mol)
- 33.32 or 33.317

an iron ore was analyzed by dissolving a 1.1324-g sample in concentrated HCl. The
resulting solution was diluted with water, and the iron (III) was precipitated as the
hydrous oxide Fe2o3 x H2O by the addition of NH3. After filtration and washing, the
residue was ignited at a high temperature to give 0.5394 g ofpure Fe2o3 (159.69 g/mol).
Calvulate the %Fe (231.54g/mol)
- 46.044 or 46.04

treatment of a 0.2500-g sample of impure potassium chloride with an excess of agno3

resulted in the formation of 0.2912 g of agcl. calculate the %kcl in the sample. (mm agcl
= 143.32 g/mol, kcl = 74.54 g/mol)
- 60.58

the color change of an indicator used in precipitation titration depends on which of the
following
- adsorption of indicator on the surface of the product formed at end point of titration

The reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with ammonia (NH3) is described by the equation:
HCl + NH3 → NH4Cl
A student is titrating 100.0 mL of 0.10 M NH3 with 0.5 M HCl. How much hydrochloric
acid must be added to react completely with the ammonia?
- 20.0 mL

gravimetric estimation should be performed in

- use of electrolyte solution, continuous stirring, slow addition of precipitant, dilute
solution & hot temp

arrange steps in gravimetric procedure

- sample weighing, precipitation, digestion, filtration, drying/ignition, weighing,
calculation

which are the methods to minimize the adsorbed impurities on precipitates surface
- washing, reprecipitation, digestion

how to improve particle size of the precipitate

- stir the solution slowly & use electrolyte solution

a 0.1802 g sample of impure Al2 (CO3)3 (MM=234 g/mol) decomposed with HCl; the
liberated CO2 was collected on calcium oxide (CaO, MM=56 g/mol) and precipitated as
CaCO3 (MM=100 g/mol). The precipitated was weigh to 0.0515 g. Calculate the
percentage of aluminum (atomic mass = 27 amu) in the sample.
- 1.144

a 3.3 mL of 0.1000 M Hydrochloric acid is titrated with 0.1000 M sodium hydroxide to

form water ans sodium chloride. How many millimoles (mmols) of sodium are consumed
in this reaction?
- 3.3 mmole

using n = MV, calculate the mass required to prepare 2.5 L of 1.0 M NaOH solution.
Given the MM foe NaOH is 40 g/mol
- 100 g

the titration method used to determine the strength of an acid or alkali which is based on
the neutrlisation reaction is known as
- acid-base titration

volumetric analysis can be defined as

- the determination of the concentration of a solution using a solution of known
concentration

choose the indicator solutions used for acid-base titration

- phenolphthalein solution

Match the definition of terms:

includes a group of analytical methods that are based on determining the quantity of a
reagent of known concentration thet is required to react completely with the analyte
- volumetric analysis

the point in a titration when the amount of added standard reagent is exactly equivalent
to the amount of analyte
- equivalence point

the point at which an observable physical change signals the equivalence point
- endpoint

slow addition of titrant to analyte solution from a burette

- titration

the concentration of a volumetric solution is determined by titrating it against a carefully

measured quantity of a primary or secondary standard or an accurately known volume
of another standard solution
- standardization

Read the problem below and answer the questions based on this problem. (Choose the
best answer). 

A company that produces natural antioxidant extracts wishes to evaluate the

effectiveness of two of their new products: extract A and extract B. To this end, they
decide to evaluate their antiradical activity using the DPPH° test by establishing, for
each extract, the reaction kinetics for different concentrations. From the resulting
curves, the percentage of residual DPPH° on the plateau is determined. The values
obtained are reported in the following table:
Concentration in EXTRACT A: residual EXTRACT B: residual
antioxidant extract (g/L) DPPH° at the plateau (%) DPPH° at the plateau (%)

0 100 100

0.25 74.6 84.1

0.5 53.2 72.3

1 18.5 48.6

2.5 8.7 19.2

10 7.1 5.2

20 3.9 4.1

40 3.8 4.0

The EC50 Value of extract A is higher than that of extract B

-False

The EC50 value of extract A is

- 0.59 g/L

The results obtained by the DPPH test are directly applicable to food products
- mostly, but it will depend on the product to be stabilized

Extract A contains 50% (w/w) of antioxidant molecules, while extract B has only 10%. It
can therefore be considered that the antioxidant molecules in extract B are overall more
effective than those in extract A
-False
Since extract B is half the price of extract A, it would be the best of the two options for
stabilizing food products
- it depends

A 0.8102 g sample of impure Al2(CO3)3 (MM= 234 g/mol) decomposed with HCl; the
liberated CO2 was collected on calcium oxide (CaO, MM= 56 g/mol) and precipitated as
CaCO3(MM =100 g/mol). The precipitated was weigh to 0.0515 g. Calculate the
percentage of aluminum (atomic mass = 27 amu) in the sample.   (Express answer in
proper significant figures and do not include units.)
- 1.144

an iron ore was analyzed by dissolving a 1.1324-g sample in concentrated HCl. The
resulting solution was diluted with water, and the iron (III) was precipitated as the
hydrous oxide Fe2o3 x H2O by the addition of NH3. After filtration and washing, the
residue was ignited at a high temperature to give 0.5394 g ofpure Fe2o3 (159.69 g/mol).
Calvulate the %Fe (231.54g/mol)
- 0.96662

relative supersaturation is governed by an equation given by

- von weimarn

precipitating reagents are needed in gravimetric analysis. Which are the inorganic
reganets from the list below
- silver nitrate & barium chloride

how to achieve low relative supersaturation degree?

- pH controlled, stir solution while adding the precipitant & mild heated solution

ideal precipitate for a gravimetric analysis

- easily filterable, very pure & very insoluble

which is the correct equilibrium constant expression for the following reaction?
Fe2O3(s) = 3H2(g) = 2Fe(s) + 3H2o(g)
- Kc=[H2O]3 / [H2]3

for the following reaction at equilibrium, which choice gives a change that will shift the
position of equilibrium to favor formation of more products?
  2NOBr(g) <-->   2NO(g) + Br2(g),     DH
- remove br2

match the reaction to the type of chemical equilibrium constant

-

Match each examples/cases to the type of analytical processes:

The following examples are based on the analysis of oxalic acid found in milk tea.

The determination of oxalic acid as oxalates in milk tea were carried out by gas
chromatographic (GC) analysis.
- selection of procedure

Ten by 100 mL of milk tea was brought to the laboratory. The sample was pooled
together and triplicates of 10 mL samples were gathered for analysis.
- sampling

Solid sample was purified with water (soluble oxalic acid) or 2N hydrochloric acid (total
oxalic acid) at room temperature. An aliquot of sample extract is evaporated to dryness,
and the oxalic acid in the residue is methylated with 7% hydrochloric acid-methanol.
- sample purification

The reaction mixture is extracted with chloroform, and dimethyl oxalate is quantitated by
GC.
- sample analysis

The oxalic acid found in the sample was 10.0 mg/L

- reporting

Which of these analytical techniques is/are classical or absolute methods?

- titrimetry & gravimetry

It is an analytical technique that measures volume of analyte or a compound

stoichiometrically related to analyte
- volumetric

It is a branched of chemistry deals with resolution and quantitation of chemical

compounds
- analytical chemistry

Identify if the process is qualitative or quantitative analysis:

1. The presence of lead ion were confirmed by a yellow precipitate upon adding
K2CrO4.  qualitative = qualitative
2.  A solution when tested for the flame test gives a strong red color flame qualitative =
qualitative
3. The purity of silver was found 95% after gravimetric analysis = quantitative
4.  The amount of chloride in a potable water was found at 15 ppm quantitative =
quantitative
5.   A brick red precipitate was formed in the solution when Fehling's reagents confirmed
the presence of glucose = qualitative

Given 0.750L of a 12 M HCl solution, what volume of 5.00M HCl could you make?
- 1.8 L
A 20.00 mL sample of 0.1015 M nitric acid is introduced into a flask, and water is added
until the volume of the solution reaches 250. mL. What is the concentration of nitric acid
in the final solution? 
- 8.12 x 10-3 M

What is the concentration, in ppm, of a solution where 0.009g of a pollutant was

dissolved in 1000g of water?
- 9ppm

A 3.682 g sample of KClO 3 is dissolved in enough water to give 375. mL of solution.
What is the chlorate ion concentration in this solution? 
- 8.01 x 10-2 M
Calculate the percent by mass of potassium nitrate in a solution made from 45.0 g
KNO3 and 295 mL of water. The density of water is 0.997 g/mL. 
- 13.3%

 A 0.20 mol sample of MgCl 2(s) and a 0.10 mol sample of KCl (s) are dissolved in water
and diluted to 500 mL. What is the concentration of Cl - in the solution?
- 1.0 M

Which of these compounds is/are strong electrolyte? 

-  H2SO4, KOH & NaCl

How many moles of Na+ ions are in 100. mL of 0.100 M Na3PO4 (aq)?

- 0.0300 mol
 
Calculate the molality of a solution containing 14.3 g of NaCl in 42.2 g of water
- 5.80 m

A 4.691 g sample of MgCl 2 is dissolved in enough water to give 750. mL of solution.
What is the magnesium ion concentration in this solution? 
- 6.57 x 10-2 M

The molecular formula of aspirin is C 9H8O4. How many aspirin molecules are present in
one 500-milligram tablet? 
- 1.67 x 1021 molecules

How many sodium atoms are there in 6.0 g of Na 3N? 

- 1.3 x 1023 atoms

What is the mass of 4.50 moles of chlorine gas, Cl2?

- 319 g
 
How many moles of HCl are represented by 1.0 x 10 19 HCl molecules? 
- 1.7 x 10-5 mol
What is the coefficient of H 2O when the following equation is properly balanced with the
smallest set of whole numbers? (USE DIGITS ONLY)

___ Al4C3 + ___ H2O --> ___ Al(OH)3 + ___ CH4 

- 12

Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add
together the coefficients. Don't forget to count coefficients of one.

___ Cr + ___ H2SO4 -->  ___ Cr2(SO4)3 + ___ H2

The sum of the coefficients is   (USE DIGITS ONLY)

-9

What is the mass of 3.00 moles of ethanol, C2H6O? 

-  138 g
 
How many grams of sulfur are there in 6.0 g of Fe 2(SO4)3? 
- 1.44 g

Calculate the molecular mass of potassium permanganate, KMnO 4.  (Express answer in
3 significant figures disregard units)
- 158

Refer to the (balanced) equation CS2 + 2CaO --> CO2 + 2CaS.

How many grams of CaO are required to react completely with 38 g of CS 2? 
- 56 g

If a lab procedure requires you to heat up a substance using an open flame which

would be most appropriate to use:
Name this apparatus:

- Evaporating dish / evaporating dishes / Evaporating dishes

What piece of equipment is used to measure temperature?

- Laboratory thermometer/Thermometer

What is this?

- Wire gauze/wire mesh

What is this?

- clamp/iron clamp/burette clamp

What is this?

- test tube holder

Name the equipment

- iron stand

Name the equipment

- dropper

What is this piece of lab equipment called?

- wash bottle

What is this?
- test tube

What is this?

- clay triangle

- triple beam balance

Which of the following pieces of chemistry lab equipment is used to transfer liquids from
one place to another?
- pipette

 Identify the primary function of the lab equipment seen in the image.

- mixing liquids

What is this?
- crucible

What is this?

- iron ring

What is this?

- scoopula

- Erlenmeyer flask
What is the purpose for this piece of safety equipment?

- to mix chemicals that give off nasty or bad fumes in order to keep them out off the
classroom
Which of the following pieces of chemistry lab equipment is a glass cylinder used for
mixing, heating, and stirring substances?
- beaker

watch glass

A student added 10 drops of 3M HCl to the beaker and he observed the formation of
white precipitate.

Which ions remained in solution?

- Bi3+
 
Give the precipitating reagent for each type of cations:
Group 1 – 6M HCl
Group 2 - 0.1 M H2S (pH 0.5)
Group 3 - 0.1 M H2S (pH 9.0)
Group 4 - 0.2 M (NH4)2CO3 pH 9.5
 
Which of these cations belong to Group 4? 
- Ca2+
Most compounds containing chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except those
containing Ag+, Hg22+, and Pb2+. 
- true

It is important to mix the solutions at the top and the bottom of the test tube.
- true

Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds should be insoluble in
water? 
- CaCO3, BaSO4, & AgBr

Which of these cations belong to Group 3? 

- Al3+
Which of these cations belong to Group 1? 
- Ag+ & Pb2+
Based on the solubility rules, which of these processes will occur when a solution
containing about 0.1 g of Pb(NO 3)2(aq) is mixed with a solution containing 0.1 g of
KI(aq)/100 mL?  (Tick all possible answers)
- PbI2 will precipitate & K+ and NO3- are spectator ions
The following techniques used in qualitative analysis is/are CORRECT (Choose that
may apply):
- Wash precipitates with deionized water and followed by centrifugation, Using
centrifuge machine is essential in qualitative analysis, A stirring rod that is flattend at the
bottom can be used as a plunger to effectively mix narrow test tubes & Use of water
bath during heating of solutions in a test tube.

Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of Na 2CO3. 

- Na+ & CO32-
 
In using centrifuge, counterbalancing involves similar test tubes holding unequivalent
volumes of liquid.
- false

Write the correct name of the precipitate formed (if there is) in the blanks when aqueous
solutions of the following pairs of salts are mixed.    (if name write all letters in small
case)
AgNO3 +   NaSCN  → silver thiocyanate
K2SO4 +  BaCl2     →  barium sulfate
Fe(NO3)3 +  KSCN  →  no precipitate
Pb(NO3)2 +  NaCl    → lead (ii) chloride / plumbous chloride
Li2CO3 + MgCl2 → magnesium carbonate
Based on the solubility rules, which of these processes will occur if solutions of
CuSO4(aq) and BaCl2(aq) are mixed?  (Tick all possible answers)
- BaSO4 will precipitate & Cu2+ and Cl- are spectator ions.

Classify the following salt as   A. mainly water-soluble      B. mainly  water-insoluble 

(USE CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY)
Cadmium sulfate  - A
Lead (II) chloride - B
Ammonium sulphide - A
Calcium carbonate - B
Silver thiocyanate - B
Cr(OH)3 - B
MgBr2 - A
KClO3 - A
HgI2 - B
Fe(NO3)2 – A

Which of the following would be the most appropriate to use when you need to measure
a precise (exact) amount of water?

- test tube rack

Which is the correct equilibrium constant expression for the following reaction?
Fe2O3(s) + 3H2(g)  =  2Fe(s) + 3H2O(g)  
- Kc = [H2O]3/[H2]3

Match the reaction to the type of chemical equilibrium constant

HCl + NH3 --> NH4+ + H2O = acid-base dissociation constant
Caffeine in H2O = Caffeine in Ether = distribution constant
Ag+ (aq) + NH3 (aq) --> AgNH3+(aq) = solubility product constant
Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) --> BaSO4 (s) = formation constant

Which one of the following is a buffer solution? 

- 0.40 M HCN and 0.10 KCN

Calculate the pH of a buffer solution that contains 0.25 M benzoic acid (C 6H5CO2H) and
0.15 M sodium benzoate (C6H5COONa). [Ka = 6.5 x 10-5 for benzoic acid] 
- 3.97
 

Calculate the pH of a 3.5 x 10-3 M HNO3 solution.  (Express your answer in 3 significant

figures)
- 2.46

Which is the formula for the hydronium ion? 

- H3O+
If a solution has a pOH of 5.2 the [OH-] of the solution is
- 6 x 10 -6 M

A  pH and a pOH will add up to:

- 14

What is the concentration of H+ in a 2.5 M HCl solution? 

- 2.5 M

Calculate the pH of a buffer solution prepared by dissolving 0.20 mole of cyanic acid
(HCNO) and 0.80 mole of sodium cyanate (NaCNO) in enough water to make 1.0 liter of
solution. [Ka(HCNO) = 2.0 x 10-4] 
- 4.30

Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.410 M in HOCl and 0.050 M in NaOCl. [K a(HOCl)
= 3.2 x 10-8] 
- 6.58

The factor involved in determining the % ZnO in a sample where Zn was precipitated as
Zn3(PO4)2 is
- 3ZnO/ Zn3(PO4)2 

to deliver a fixed accurate volume of a solution use a

- pipette

a chemical used to show the end point of titration cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is
tritrated against 0.200 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid until the indicator just changes color
and 27.5 cm3 of the acid are required to reach the end point. Phenolphthalein is used
as an indicator in the above expreminet. What will be its color change ate thee nd point
- from yellow to colorless (mali to)

a standard solution is a solution with accurately known concentration

- true

to prepare a solution of accurately known volume use a

- volumetric flask

during titration, the solution is dispensed from a ___ into a conical flask
- burette

10 mL of 0.40 M calcium hydroxide is required to titrate 50 ML hydrochloric acid. Which

of the following gives the initial cocnentration of the acid
- 0.50 M (mali to)

the reaction of perchloric acid (HClO4) with lithium hydroxide (KOH) is described by the
equation HCLO4 + KOH ----> KClO4 + H2O Suppose 100 mL of perchloric acid is
neutralized by exactly 50.0 mL of 1.0 M of potassium hydroxide. What is the
concentration of the perchloric acid
- 0.5 M

The reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with ammonia (NH3) is described by the

equation:
HCl + NH3 → NH4Cl
A student is titrating 100.0 mL of 0.10 M NH3 with 0.5 M HCl. How much hydrochloric
acid must be added to react completely with the ammonia?
- 20.0 mL

what mass of KHP will be completely neutrilized by 32.57 ml 0.175 M standard NaOH
solution? The molar mass of KPH is 204.22 g/mol
- 1.164 g KHP

if it takes 50 mL of 0.5 M Ca(OH)2 to neutralize 125 mL of sulfuric acid, what is the

concentration of the aicd
- 0.2 M

 Study the tabulated data during an gravimetric analysis of BaSO4 experiment

Trial T1 T2 T3
Mass of
1.0040 1.0100 1.0050
sample (g)
Constant 10.2453 10.2454 10.2454
weight of
empty
crucible (g)
Constant
weight
10.3253 10.3252 10.3253
after
ignition (g)
A. Calculate the mean mass of precipitate as BaSO4 = 0.0799 g
B. Calculate the mean weight of sulphate (MM BasO 4= 233.39 g/mol, SO42-= 176
g/mol)? = 0.0603 g
C. Calculate the mean % SO42- in the sample? = 6.00%

When impurities are trapped within the crystal structure of the precipitate the
contamination
- inclusion

The amount of calcium carbonate (CaCo3; molar mass = 100.1 g mol-1) in the ore
dolomite can be determined by gravimetric analysis. The dolomite sample is dissolved
in acid and the calcium ions (Ca2+) present are precipitated as calcium oxalate
(CaC2O4; molar mass = 128.1 g mol-1). The calcium oxalate is filtered, dried and
strongly heated to dorm calcium oxide (Ca0; molar mass = 56.1 g mol-1) The possible
source of errors for this analysis could be
- the precipitate of calcium oxalate is not rinsed with water after being filtered & the
calcium oxide is not heated to constant mass

Dessicator is used for drying samples and cooling of crucibles before the final weighing
- true

Gravimetry, is quantitative analysis by

- mass of precipitate
 
Gravimetric analysis is used to determine the mass of an element or compound in a
substance.
- true

Name this technique: Heating a substance, allowing it to cool in a desiccator, weighing it

and repeating the steps until no further changes in mass observed.
- Heating to constant mass
 
In gravimetric analysis, a substance is converted into another substance of known
chemical composition, which can be readily isolated and purified. Tick the possible ways
of obtaining the new substance.
- precipitation & volatilization

When impurities are trapped within the crystal structure of the precipitate the
contamination is known as
- surface adsorption
 
Weighing by difference is the same thing as weighing accurately approximately. 
- false

The gravimetric analysis involves preparation of solution, digestion, filtration, washing,

drying, weighing and igniting. The term analyte refers to the elements that we are
interested in the analysis. What is the term that is used to refer to the other elements or
species that we are not interested in?
- matrix

The process of removing the filter paper before ignition is called________________

- charring

Gravimetric estimation should be performed in__________ (Choose all the possible

answers)
- slow addition of precipitant and continuous stirring, concentrated conditions & dilute
conditions

In using analytical balance, what does the TARE button do?

- resets the reading to zero

What temperature and instrument did the ignition process commonly carried out for
gravimetric analysis?
- 550⁰C, muffle furnace
 
The particle size or precipitates can be controlled during gravimetric analysis.  How to
minimise the relative supersaturation phenomenon?
- Q - S value must be low
 
Weigh accurately and approximately 5 g. Tick all the correct recorded readings.
- 5.000 g, 5.011 g & 5.014 g
 
why is a dessicator used in gravimetric analysis
- to prevent reabsorption of water

contamination of precipitate by co-precipitation can be minimized by

- peptization & re-precipitation

10 mL of 0.50 M calcium hydroxide is required to titrate 50 ML hydrochloric acid. Which

of the following gives the initial cocnentration of the acid
- 0.20 M

A 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is titrated against 0.200 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid unitl the indicator just chn=anges color. A 27.5 cm3 of the acid are required to
reach the end point. Which of the following pieces of apparatus should be used to
transfer 25.0 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution
- pipette

which apparatus would you use to measure an exact volume of a solution

- volumetric flask

during titration, the end point and equivalence point always occur at the same time
- false

which of the following indicators can be used in titration

- methyl orange & phenolphthalein

What is this apparatus used for titration called?

- volumetric flask

Which apparatus would you use to add a solution to the conical flask during a titration
- burette

25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is tritrated against 0.200 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid until the indicator just changes color and 27.5 cm3 of the acid are required to reach
the end point. Phenolphthalein is used as an indicator in the above expreminet. What
will be its color change ate thee nd point
- from pink to colorless

a primary standard must __________. Tick all that apply

- be stable when solid and in solution, be soluble, be available in a high state of purity &
have a reasonably high molecular weight

What is this apparatus used for titration called?

- Pipette filler
a chemical used to show the end point of titration
- indicator

burette is washed with

- tap water, distilled water & solution to contain

what are the types of titration? tick all that apply

- complexometric, back, precipitation, acid-base & redox

The following diagram shows the initial and final burette readings.
What was the volume of sodium hydroxide solution used?

- 28.80 cm3

_______ can be used to find the number of moles of a substance by reacting it with an
excess volume of a reactant of known concentration
- back titration

In an experiment to determine the concentration of H 2SO4 in a brand of toilet cleanser,

10.0 cm3 of the cleanser was first diluted to 250.0 cm 3 with distilled water. 25.0 cm 3 of
the diluted cleanser were titrated with 0.320 mol dm –3 NaOH solution, using methyl
orange as indicator.
What is the colour change of the indicator at the end point of the titration?
- from red to yellow

put the visible light colors in order from the longest wavelength to shortest wavelength
- red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

to calculate the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, you need to know the speed of
the wave and its
- wavelength

what is the light that you can see called?

- white light

which of the following type of electromagnetic radiation has the most energy
- ultraviolet
emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron
- drops from a higher to a lower energy level

electromagnetic radiation is also called as light

-true

for an electron to change from ground state to an excited state it must ____ energy
- absorb

which has the shortest wavelength and, therefore, the highest frequency/most energy
- gamma rays

the _______ determines the color of visible light

- wavelength

which of the following statements is/are correct regarding wavelength and frequency
- as frequency increases, wavelength decreases

the energy that can travel through space in the form of waves
- electromagnetic radiation

light in the form of a particle that has discrete amount of energy is called a
- photon
emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron
- drops from a higher to a lower energy level

when molecules absorb UV-VISIBLE radiation it brings about ____ excitation.

- electronic

UV Spectrum is a plot of _______ versus absorption intensity.

- wavelength

UV radiation extends from

- 10 nm to 400 nm

energy and wavelength are ____ to each other.

- inversely proportional

which among the following impart color to the organic compound

- chromophore

types of antioxidants except

- benzene

atom or molecule with an unpaired electron is

- free radical

a substance that protects cells from the damage caused by free radicals
- antioxidant

oxidation involves
- loss of electrons

antioxidants are substances:

- that have some effect on preventing or retarding oxidative detoriation in foods
- capable of counteracting the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues
- that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions promoted by oxygen or peroxide

UVabsorbs energy in the UV or Visible region _________________transition takes

place?
- electronic

Study of interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation is called as

- spectroscopy

UV-Visible region is
- 200-800 nm

if the h3o+ of a solution is 1 x 10-8 mol/l the oh- is

- 1.0 x 10-6
if the [OH+] of a solution is 2.7 x 10-4 mol/L the pOH of the solution is
- 3.56

if the pH of a solution is 5 the [H+] is

- 1.0 x 10-5 M

which is the formula for the hydronium ion

- H30+

the oh- concentration in a 1.0 x 10-3 m ba(oh)2 solution is

- 2.0 x 10-3 M

the ph of tomato juice is about 4.5. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions in this
juice. (Hint: get the anti-log of pH)
- 3 x 10-5 M

find the pH of a 0.315 M aqueous solution of preiodic acid (HIO4) for which Ka=2.3 x
10-2
- 1.34

in this reaction H2CO3 + H2O = HCO3 + H3O+, the bronsted acids are
- H3O+ and H2CO3

calculate the h+ ion concentration in lemon juice having a pH of 2.4 (Hint: get the anti-
log of the pH)
- 4.0 x 10-3 M

the pOH of a solution is 9.60. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in this solution.
- 4.0 x 10-5 M

what is the h+ ion concentration in a 4.8 x 10-2 M KOH solution?

- 2.1 x 10-13 M

if the pH of a solution is 5.6 the pOH is

- 8.4

the solubilty product for barium sulfate is 1.1 x 10-10. Calculate the molar solubility of
barium sulfate
- 5.5 x 10-11 mol/L (di ako sure)

the molar solubility of magnesium carbonate is 1.8 x 10-4 mol/L. What is Ksp fro this
compound?
- 3.2 x 10-8

visible region occurs at wavelength

- 400-750

identify the right statement for molecular spectrum

- interaction of electromagnetic radiation. This may result in transition between
rotational, vibrational energy levels and electronic transitions

when a molecule absorbs energy in the UV or Visible region _______ transiiotn takes
place
- electronic

the output graph obtained is a plot of the ____________ of the entire region versus the
absorbance of light at each wavelength
- wavelength

study of interaction matter with electromagentic radiation is called

- spectroscopy

shift of an absorption maximun to longer wavelength is called

- Bathochromic shift
interaction of electromagnetic radiations which are most commonly in their lowest
energy state (ground state) resulting in electronic transition.
- true

when performing an analysis a chemist often uses a standard solution. what is a

standard solution
- A solution that has a concentration of a chemical that is known to a high degree of
certainty

the characteristics of a reference/primary standard are

- high stability, high purity and soluble

the process in which a solution of unknown concentration is reacted with a slution of

known concentration is
- titration

The colour change of an indicator used in acid-base titration depends on which of the
following property?
- change in the pH of the medium

the color change of an indicator used in complexometric titration depends on which of

the following property?
- colored complex formation of indicator with the final end product on completion of the
titration

the titration method to determine the halides, the common standard solution to use is
AgNO3
- precipitation titration

in an acid base titration, using phenolphthalein indicator, the equivalence point is

manifested by the appearance of what color
- purple (dark pink)
the solution whose concentration is to be determined by titrating it against a standard
solution is known as
- titrand

choose the indicator solution used for acid base titration

- phenolphthalein solution

Limes have a [H3O+] of 1.3 x 10-2 mol/L.  Their pOH is

- 12.11

Calculate the pH of a beer in which the hydrogen ion concentration is 6.3 x 10 -5 M
- 4.2
The pOH of a solution is 9.60 Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in this solution. 
- 4.0 x 10-5 M

The pH of a Ba(OH) 2 solution is 10.00. What is the H + ion concentration of this

solution? 
- 1.0 x 10-10 M

If the pH of the solution is 7, it is = Neutral

If the pH of the solution is greater than 7 (>7), it is = Basic
If the pH of the solution is less than 7 (<7), it is = Acidic

 if the [H+] of a solution is 8.4 x 10 -3 mol/L the pOH of the solution will be (give the
answer up to 3 significant figures)
- 11.9

What is the concentration of H+ in a 2.5 M HCl solution? 

- 2.5 M

If the [OH-] of a solution is 2.7 x 10-4 mol/L the pOH of the solution is

- 3.56

Calculate the pH of a 3.5 x 10-3 M HNO3 solution. 

- 2.46

Find the pH of a 0.135 M aqueous solution of periodic acid (HIO 4), for which Ka = 2.3 x
10-2. 
- 1.34

The pOH of a solution is 10.40 Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution. 
- 2.5 x 10-4 M

If a solution has a pOH of 5.2 the [OH-] of the solution is

- 6 x 10 -6 M

Calculate the H+ ion concentration in lemon juice having a pH of 2.4 (Hint: get the anti-
log of the pH)
- 4.0 x 10-3 M

 If the [H+] of a solution is 1 x 10-2 mol/L the pH is

-2

How to achieve low relative supersaturation degree?  (More than one answer)
- mild heated solution, stir solution while adding the precipitant & pH controlled

How to improve particle size of the precipitate? (More than one answer)
- use electrolyte solution, stir the solution slowly & digestion
If it takes 50 mL of 0.5 M Ca(OH) 2 to neutralize 125 mL of sulfuric acid, what is the
concentration of the acid?
- 0.2 M

The molar solubility of magnesium carbonate is 1.8 x 10 -4 mol/L. What is Ksp for this
compound?  
- 3.2 x 10-8
The solubility product for barium sulfate is 1.1 x 10 -10. Calculate the molar solubility of
barium sulfate
- 1.1 x 10-5 mol/L

What are the types of beam are used in UV visible spectrometer.

- sample beam & reference beam

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation. This may result in transitions between

rotational, vibrational energy levels and electronic transitions
- true

Light is an_________________ radiation

- electromagnetic radiation

The instrument, used for measuring absorption of radiant energy in the visible region
from the substances is
- colorimeter

The colour change of an indicator used in REDOX titration depends on which of the
following property?
- change in oxidation state of the element at the end point of the titration.

the amount of calcium carbonate (CaCo3; molar mass = 100.1 g mol-1) in the ore
dolomite can be determined by gravimetric analysis. The dolomite sample is dissolved
in acid and the calcium ions (Ca2+) present are precipitated as calcium oxalate
(CaC2O4; molar mass = 128.1 g mol-1). The calcium oxalate is filtered, dried and
strongly heated to dorm calcium oxide (Ca0; molar mass = 56.1 g mol-1) In one analysis
the mass of dolomite used was 3.72 g. The mass of calcium oxide was found to be 1.24
g. Calculate the percent CaCO3 in the sample
- 59.5

in one titration, a sodium hydroxide solution was standardized by titratinf 0.8592 g of

potassium hydrogen phthalate (MM=2014 g/mol) that was dissolved in 5o mL of water.
The volume of base required to reach the phenolphthalein iindicator was 32.70 mL.
What is the molarity of the base? 91 mol KHP=1 mol NaOH)
-

A 0.8345 g sample of potassium hydrogen phthalate (MM= 204 g/mol) required 38.1 mL
of to reach the endpoint. What is the concentration (M) of NaOH?
- 0.1067 M

A 0.500 g sample of impure pearl ash require 36.58 mL of 0.1055 M HCl in a titration to
a methyl orange endpoint. What is the precentage of K2CO3 in the sample. 91 mol
KSCO3=2 mol HCl) (MM K2CO3=138 g/mol)
- 60.5%

during titration 75.8 mL of a 0.100M standard solution of HCl is titrated to end point with
100.0 mL of NaOH solution with an unkown concentration. What is the concentration of
the NaOH solution
- 0.0758

DPPH Assay positive result

- violet to yellow

DPPH stands for

-  2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

A company that produces natural antioxidant extracts wishes to evaluate the

effectiveness of two of their new products: extract A and extract B. To this end, they
decide to evaluate their antiradical activity using the DPPH° test by establishing, for
each extract, the reaction kinetics for different concentrations. From the resulting
curves, the percentage of residual DPPH° on the plateau is determined. The values
obtained are reported in the following table:

The EC50 value of extract A is higher than that of extract B = False

The EC50 value of extract A is = 0.59 g/L
The results obtained by the DPPH° test are directly applicable to food products =
mostly, but it will depend on the product to be stabilized
Extract A contains 50% (w/w) of antioxidant molecules, while extract B has only 10%. It
can therefore be considered that the antioxidant molecules in extract B are overall more
effective than those in extract A = true

Since extract B is half the price of extract A, it would be the best of the two options for
stabilizing food products = it depends

radical scavenging ability and antioxidant activity difference

- true

the following assay is/are used to determine the antioxidant activity

- DPPH, ORAC & FRAP
Below are the steps after DPPH Assay finishes to get IC50s of an extract sample.
Identify if the steps is CORRECT or INCORRECT.

get average absorbance of overall control and subtract from all other absorbance value
columns - correct (not sure)
ignoring overall control; get average negative control absorbance and compute for
%inhibition for allvalues of extract – incorrect (not sure)
plot concentration against %inhibitions to make a curve correct -correct
select any 2 data pints from the curve to make a line for extract – correct
using resulting line equations, solve for IC50 values – correct

the process of allowing the ppt to stay contact with the mother liquor at elevated
temperature for sometimw is known as
- digestion

The process of removing the filter paper before ignition is called________________

- charring

the ratio of atomic/molecular weight of the substance sought to that of the substance
weighed/known is the
- gravimetric factor

when a molecule absorbs energy in the UV or Visible region electronic transition takes
place.
- true

the end product of determination of DPPH is loss of flourescence of fluorescein

- false

shift of an absorption maximum to longer wavelength is called

- bathochromic shift

which apparatus would you use to prepare a standard solution?

- volumetric flask, burette & volumetric pipette

which apparatus would you use to add a solution to the conical flask during titration?
- burette
what are the types of titration? tick all that apply
- redox, precipitation, complexometric, back & acid-base

define oxidation process

- the process of losing electrons

which solution would you place in a burette?

- no answer text provided
what is the reading on this burette? (express answer up to two (2) decimal places and
neglect units)
- 4.60 (not sure)

what is the titre value of the following titration?

- 3.6