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AnChem Gravimetric Calculations

The document discusses gravimetric analysis calculations to determine the amount of analyte present based on the weight of precipitate formed. It provides the stoichiometric relationships between analyte and precipitate and shows how to calculate the gravimetric factor. Several examples are given of using the gravimetric factor to calculate the percentage of analyte in a sample based on the weight of precipitate obtained.

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Jemarey de Rama
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326 views3 pages

AnChem Gravimetric Calculations

The document discusses gravimetric analysis calculations to determine the amount of analyte present based on the weight of precipitate formed. It provides the stoichiometric relationships between analyte and precipitate and shows how to calculate the gravimetric factor. Several examples are given of using the gravimetric factor to calculate the percentage of analyte in a sample based on the weight of precipitate obtained.

Uploaded by

Jemarey de Rama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gravimetric Calculations

The point here is to find the weight of analyte from the weight of precipitate. We can
use the concepts discussed previously in stoichiometric calculations but let us learn
something else. Assume Cl2 is to be precipitated as AgCl, then we can write a
stoichiometric factor reading as follows: one mole of Cl2 gives 2 moles of AgCl. This
is in fact what is called the gravimetric factor (GF) where we can substitute for the
number of moles by grams to get:
GF for Cl2 = 1 mol Cl2/2 mol AgCl = FW Cl2/2 FW AgCl = x g analyte/y g precipitate
Weight of substance sought = weight of precipitate x GF
One can also consider the problem by looking at the number of mmoles of analyte in
terms of the mmoles of the precipitate where for the precipitation of Cl2 as AgCl, we
can write

Cl2 = 2 AgCl
mmol Cl2 = 1/2 mmol AgCl
(mg Cl2/FW Cl2) = 1/2 (mg AgCl/FW AgCl)
Let us now look at some examples:

Example

Calculate the grams analyte to mg precipitate for the following: P (at wt =30.97) in
Ag3PO4 (FW = 711.22), Bi2S3 (FW 514.15) in BaSO4 (FW = 233.40)

Solution

P = Ag3PO4
mmol p = mmol Ag3PO4
Mg P/30.97 = mg Ag3PO4/711.22
Mg P/mg Ag3PO4 = 30.97/711.22 = 0.04354

Bi2S3 = 3 BaSO4
mmol Bi2S3 = 1/3 mmol BaSO4
mg Bi2S3/FW Bi2S3 = 1/3 mg BaSO4/FW BaSO4
mg Bi2S3/514.15 = 1/3 mg BaSO4/233.40
mg Bi2S3/ BaSO4 = 1/3 (514.15/ 233.40) = 0.73429

Example

Phosphate in a 0.2711 g sample was precipitated giving 1.1682 g of (NH4)2PO4.12


MoO3 (FW = 1876.5). Find percentage P (at wt = 30.97) and percentage P2O5 (FW =
141.95) in the sample.

Solution

First we set the mol relationship between analyte and precipitate


P = (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3
mmol P = mmol (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3
mg P/at wt P = mg (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3/ FW (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3
mg P = at wt P x (mg (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3/ FW (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3)

mg P = 30.97 (1.1682x103 / 1876.5) = 19.280 mg


% P = (19.280/271.1) x 100 = 7.111%

The same procedure is applied for finding the percentage of P2O5


P2O5 = 2 (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3
mmol P2O5 = 1/2 (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3
mg P2O5/FW P2O5 = 1/2 (mg (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3/ FW (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3)
mg P2O5 = 1/2 x FW P2O5 x (mg (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3/ FW (NH4)2PO4.12 MoO3)
mg P2O5 = 1/2 x 141.95 (1.1682x103/1876.5) = 44.185 mg
% P2O5 = (44.185/271.1) x 100 = 16.30%

Example

Manganese in a 1.52 g sample was precipitated as Mn3O4 (FW = 228.8) weighing


0.126 g. Find percentage Mn2O3 (FW = 157.9) and Mn (at wt = 54.94) in the sample.

Solution

3 Mn2O3 = 2 Mn3O4
mmol Mn2O3 = 3/2 mmol Mn3O4
mg Mn2O3 / FW Mn2O3 = 3/2 (mg Mn3O4/FW Mn3O4)
mg Mn2O3 = 3/2 FW Mn2O3 (mg Mn3O4/FW Mn3O4)
mg Mn2O3 = 3/2 x 157.9 ( 126/228.8) = 130 mg

% Mn2O3 = (130/1520) x 100 = 8.58%

The same idea is applied for the determination of Mn in the sample


3 Mn = Mn3O4
mmol Mn = 3 mmol Mn3O4
mg Mn / at wt Mn = 3 (mg Mn3O4/FW Mn3O4)
mg Mn = 3 at wt Mn (mg Mn3O4/FW Mn3O4)
mg Mn2O3 = 3 x 54.94 ( 126/228.8) = 90.8 mg

% Mn = (90.8/1520) x 100 = 5.97%

Example

What weight of sulfur (FW = 32.064) ore which should be taken so that the weight of
BaSO4 (FW = 233.40) precipitate will be equal to half of the percentage sulfur in the
sample.

Solution

S = BaSO4
mmol S = mmol BaSO4
mg S/at wt S = mg BaSO4/FW BaSO4
mg S = at wt S x ( mg BaSO4 / FW BaSO4)
mg S = 32.064 x (1/2 %S/233.40)
mg S = 0.068689 %S

%S = (mg S/mg sample) x 100


By substitution we have
%S = 0.068689 %S/mg sample) x 100
mg sample = 0.068689 %S x 100 /%S = 6.869 mg

Example

A mixture containing only FeCl3 (FW = 162.2) and AlCl3 (FW = 133.34) weighs 5.95
g. The chlorides are converted to hydroxides and ignited to Fe2O3 (FW = 159.7) and
Al2O3 (FW = 101.96). The oxide mixture weighs 2.26 g. Calculate the percentage Fe
(at wt = 55.85) and Al (at wt = 26.98) in the sample.

Solution

Fe = FeCl3
1 mol Fe = 1 mol FeCl3
g Fe/at wt Fe = g FeCl3/ FW FeCl3
Rearrangement gives
g FeCl3 = g Fe (FW FeCl3/at wt Fe)
In the same manner
g AlCl3 = g Al ( FW AlCl3/at wt Al)
g FeCl3 + g AlCl3 = 5.95
g Fe (FW FeCl3/at wt Fe) + g Al ( FW AlCl3/at wt Al) = 5.95
assume g Fe = x, g Al = y then:
x (FW FeCl3/at wt Fe) + y ( FW AlCl3/at wt Al) = 5.95
x (162.2/55.85) + y (133.34/26.98) = 5.95
2.90 x + 4.94 y = 5.95 (1)
The same treatment with the oxides gives
2 Fe =Fe2O3
mol Fe = 2 mol Fe2O3
g Fe/at wt Fe = 2 (g Fe2O3/FW Fe2O3)
g Fe2O3 = 1/2 g Fe (FW Fe2O3/at wt Fe)
In the same manner
g Al2O3 = 1/2 g Al (FW Al2O3/at wt Al)
g Fe2O3 + g Al2O3 = 2.26
1/2 g Fe (FW Fe2O3/at wt Fe) + 1/2 g Al (FW Al2O3/at wt Al) = 2.26
1/2 x (159.7/55.85) + 1/2 y (101.96/26.98) = 2.26
1.43 x + 1.89 y = 2.26 (2)
from (1) and (2) we get
x = 1.07
y = 0.58
% Fe = (1.07/5.95) x 100 = 18.0%
% Al = (0.58/5.95) x 100 = 9.8%

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