Tank passivation procedures

Passivation Procedures

Content

1 Stainless Steel Passivation ..........................................................................................3

1.1 General..................................................................................................................3
2 Stainless Steel Passivation Using Nitric Acid ...........................................................4
2.1 Passivation Frequency ..........................................................................................4
2.2 Safety ....................................................................................................................4
2.3 Recirculation Passivation Process – Nitric Acid ..................................................5
2.3.1 Preparations for passivation..........................................................................5
2.3.2 Basic requirements........................................................................................5
2.3.3 For ships not equipped with fixed T/C machines. ........................................6
2.3.4 For ships equipped with fixed T/C machines. ..............................................6
2.3.5 Process in general .........................................................................................6
2.3.6 Rinsing Procedure.........................................................................................7
2.4 Nitric acid solution for recirculation.....................................................................7
2.5 Recirculation method - example of work plan......................................................8
2.6 Steam Passivation Process with Nitric Acid.......................................................10
2.6.1 Equipment for steaming..............................................................................10
2.6.2 Steam passivation Procedure ......................................................................11
2.7 How To Order The Passivation Acid..................................................................11
2.8 Disposal of Nitric Acid solutions after passivation ............................................11
3 Stainless Steel Passivation - CitriSurf 3050™ ........................................................12
3.1 Passivation frequency using CitriSurf: ...............................................................12
3.2 Safety ..................................................................................................................12
3.3 Recirculation Passivation Process – CitriSurf 3050 ...........................................13
3.3.1 Preparations for passivation........................................................................13
3.3.2 Basic requirements......................................................................................13
3.3.3 For ships not equipped with fixed T/C machines. ......................................14
3.3.4 For ships equipped with fixed T/C machines. ............................................14
3.3.5 Process in general .......................................................................................14
3.3.6 Passivation recirculation time / temperature table ......................................15
3.3.7 Rinsing Procedure.......................................................................................15
3.4 Citrisurf 3050 solution for recirculation .............................................................16
3.5 Recirculation method - example of work plan....................................................17
3.6 Steam Passivation Process with CitriSurf 3050..................................................19
3.6.1 Equipment ...................................................................................................19
3.6.2 Steam Passivation Procedure ......................................................................20
3.7 How To Order The CitriSurf 3050 Passivation Acid..........................................21
3.8 Disposal of Citrisurf solutions after passivation.................................................21
4 Reporting ...................................................................................................................21
5 Example .....................................................................................................................22

DIH Rev.0, Jan/31/2011

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 Passivation Procedures
2

1 Stainless Steel Passivation

1.1 General

Stainless steel is “passive” from a very thin mainly hydrated chromium oxide film on its
surface. This film is only a few molecules thick, and is not visible to the naked eye. If the
passive film is damaged, it repairs itself continuously by the chromium being oxidized by
oxygen in the air. Naturally, if the passive film is damaged, and repairs itself while the
surface is “unclean” the passive film is contaminated, and of less quality.

Reducing acids such as Sulfuric acid, Phosphoric acid, etc., and organic acids such as
Acetic and Formic acids, damage the passive film. It, however, is rebuilt again while
exposed to oxygen during the washing after discharge. Because the washing environment
under which the passive film is re-built is “contaminated” the result is a weaker protection.
Hot seawater washing also cause damage to the passive film from the chlorides present in
the seawater – the re-oxidized passive layer is also of a lesser quality than the ideal one.

It is therefore strongly recommended that the tanks in such service be “re-passivated” after
a few such acid cargoes, or after a period in service, which ever comes first. The number
of acids, and the period between passivations, before re-passivation should be done
depends on the method employed for the passivation process.

Passivation does three things:

1. It dissolves the contaminating metal and non-metal species from the stainless steel
2. It also dissolves iron from the surface of the stainless steel enriching chromium
amount on the surface,
3. and oxidizes the chromium into a high quality passive film.

It must be stressed that passivation is not a “tank cleaning method”! It is NOT a substitute
for poor tank cleaning!

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Passivation Procedures

2 Stainless Steel Passivation Using Nitric Acid

Nitric acid does not yield as high a surface chromium-to-iron (Cr/Fe) ratio as CitriSurf
3050 does, because nitric acid dissolves chromium at a certain Cr/Fe ratio, which CitriSurf
3050 does not. Therefore a process using CitriSurf 3050 provides a better passive film.
Passivation using nitric acid must therefore be done more frequently.

2.1 Passivation Frequency

· After 5 acid cargoes*

or
· Every 12 months, either by recirculation or by steam method – If the steam method is
used the next passivation must be by the recycling method.
or
· If the condition of the tank requires passivation before the above mentioned stipulates to
do so.

*acid cargo = inorganic acids, or short chain organic acids (acetic, formic)

2.2 Safety

Nitric acid is a dangerous substance that must be handled with care by a trained crew.

- Reference to the nitric acid Material Safety Data Sheet.

Full safety precautions must always be followed during passivation. A complete plan
must be drawn up, a thorough briefing carried out and personal protective equipment
(PPE) should be worn at all times. Safety showers must be operational. Portable drip pans
(or cut-down plastic drums) must be placed under all connections. All equipment must be
thoroughly rinsed and dried prior to stowage after use in passivation.

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 Passivation Procedures

2.3 Recirculation Passivation Process – Nitric Acid

2.3.1 Preparations for passivation.

Surfaces must be clean and free of previous cargo residue and other contaminants. The
tank cleaning standard to be used is based upon the required standard for the next cargoes
to be carried ( for instance water white or wall wash)

All passivation equipment must be of stainless steel - hoses, tank cleaning machines, etc..

The acid solution is supplied in a specific concentration. It should be thoroughly pre-

mixed to an acid concentration as specified for the specific acid used. Ensure acid is added
to clean fresh water, not the other way round, in order to minimize heat reaction.
Typically, the solution is mixed in the first tank in a washing pattern.

Remember that “topping-up” will be necessary as the pattern proceeds.

Plastic should be secured around all openings, i.e. Butterworth hatches through which
hoses have been introduced, etc. and water should be kept running around the area. This is
to avoid any damage to the mild steel deck, and the coating.

2.3.2 Basic requirements

Sufficient fresh water should be available onboard. Depending on tank size, an average of
40 tons of fresh rinse water per normal tank to be passivation - the more fresh water there
is available on board the better. It should be remembered that pH value of the effluent
should govern how much FW will be used.

pH Test kit or pH litmus paper to determine pH between 1 and 14 within ½ a point must
be available.

Blind flange adapter with four male tank cleaning hose connections. This should be
mounted with a valve for isolation purposes.

Sufficient Teflon gaskets.

Clean the tank to be passivated to a water white standard before starting anything. It is
pointless to passivate an unclean tank.

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 Passivation Procedures

2.3.3 For ships not equipped with fixed T/C machines.

Four stainless steel tank cleaning machines (316) with 8 or 9.5 mm. nozzles and an
additional four machines for rinsing are required. The rinsing machines are not required to
be stainless.
Four lengths of butterworth hose, resistant to a 20% solution of Nitric acid and with a 10
bar pressure clearance - Safe working pressure is needed. (= SS BW HOSE).

2.3.4 For ships equipped with fixed T/C machines.

Sufficient number of S/S tank cleaning hoses that will reach the fixed machines from the
pump stack.

2.3.5 Process in general

Wash the complete tank surface with the nitric acid solution. Always add nitric acid to
water, not water to acid, to minimize heat release on mixture. In order to insure a proper
strength solution, calculate the flow rate of the fresh water supply by timing the length
required to fill a 200 ltr. Drum. Use this flow rate to fill the tank with the required amount
of water. Sufficient solution must be used so that the pump suction will not be lost during
passivation. Add the required amount of nitric acid to the tank using a stainless steel barrel
pump, and suitable hose leading directly into the water in the tank.

If passivating several tanks, it is recommended to mix the solution in the first tank and
transfer from tank to tank, keeping in mind that losses will occur during the transfer and
the solution may require topping up. The quality of the solution should be monitored for
strength and contamination by measuring the pH and watching the color of the solution.

With the blind flange adapter, connect the required number of hoses and machines. (Use
as many washing machines as there are Butterworth openings.)

Butterworth openings should be covered to prevent any solution getting on the mild steel
decks. A stainless steel hose saddle will be good at this. Water should be run across the
deck continuously in order to dilute any acid, which may accidentally get on the deck.

Commence re-circulating the washing solution in the tanks with the following pattern.

- 10’ drop from deck level re-circulate for one full hour.
- 15’ above the tank floor re-circulate for one full hour
- Recirculation hoses should be rinsed down with water after removing from the
tanks.
For fixed T/C machines, recirculate for one full hour.

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 Passivation Procedures

2.3.6 Rinsing Procedure.

- Select one tank as the fresh water storage tank.

- The pump stack from this tank should be connected to the Butterworth line.
- Connect the required number of rinsing machines from the tank cleaning line
to the tank to be rinsed. Use the same number of machines as was used for
recirculation.
- Use the same drops as for recirculation.
- Measure the pH level of the discharge water every 15 minutes, and record.
When the pH reaches an acceptable level (6-7) make the second drop.
- Wash at second drop for 30 minutes.
- Drain the tank completely
- Remove the machines.
- Ventilate the tank.
- Visually inspect the tank, and test the surface pH in shadow areas, mop and
dry.
- Submit a report on the passivation to respective Fleet – retain copy onboard.

It is recognized that each ship and each situation will be somewhat different. It is therefore
recommended that the person in charge evaluate these procedures against his specific
situation, and proceed as per their best judgment.

2.4 Nitric acid solution for recirculation

Nitric acid is supplied in different concentrations. It is important to know the

concentration of the solution supplied to enable proper mixing. The concentration used in
passivation is about 20% nitric acid (15-20%) as a solution of nitric acid in clean fresh
water.

Ensure the acid is added to the fresh water, not the other way round, in order to minimize
heat reaction. Adding the water to the acid can cause the water to boil and splash hot acid
around.

Typically, the solution is mixed in the first tank in a washing pattern.

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 Passivation Procedures

2.5 Recirculation method - example of work plan

(Assumed 4 Tanks to be Passivated)

1. Acid Re-circulation 1st Tank

2. Move Acid solution to 2nd tank
3. Acid Solution Re-circulation 2nd Tank,
4. 1st FW wash 1st Tank
5. Move Acid Solution to 3rd Tank.
6. Move 1st FW to 2nd Tank
7. Acid Solution Re-circulation 3rd Tank,
8. 1st FW wash 2nd Tank,
9. 2nd FW 1st Tank
10. Move Acid Solution to 4th Tank.
11. Move 1st FW to 3rd Tank, and 2nd FW to 2nd Tank
12. Acid Solution Re-circulation 4th Tank,
13. 1st FW wash 3rd Tank,
14. 2nd FW 2nd Tank
15. Move 1st FW to 4th Tank, and 2nd FW to 3rd Tank
16. Move 2nd FW to 4th tank Acid Solution 1st
17. Fresh Water Wash (FW) 2nd Fresh Water Wash (FW)

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Passivation Procedures

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 Passivation Procedures

2.6 Steam Passivation Process with Nitric Acid

(NOT to be used for commercial passivation!)

The tools used for the nitric acid steam method are shown schematically below.

The process involves calculating the water equivalent flow rate of the steam and adding
acid to the appropriate concentration and letting the acidified steam live into the tank to
spread over its surfaces.

Nitric Acid
Solution

2.6.1 Equipment for steaming

The following equipment is required

- Sufficient Nitric Acid.

- Stainless steel ejector with acid resistant suction hose and stainless steel ball
valve on the suction connection.
- Acid resistant container for holding and transporting the Acid around the deck.
- Steam hose to reach into the tank.

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 Passivation Procedures

2.6.2 Steam passivation Procedure

- Fix the steam ejector into the tank, either to the ladder, or in a centrally located
butterworth hatch.
- Begin adding steam into the tank, after the tank has steamed for a short period,
crack open the ball valve on the suction hose to the acid container.
- Adjust the ball valve so that the acid is slowly, uniformly, and continuously
added to the steam over an extended period of at least 30 minutes. This is
important otherwise the acid will not atomize into the steam, if the droplets of
acid are too large, they will drop directly to the bottom of the tank with no
results.
- When the proper amount of acid has been injected into the tank stop steaming,
and close down the tank for 3-4 hours.
- After this time has expired, fresh water wash the tank for approximately one
hour. Check that the pH of the rinse water has come up to an acceptable level
(6-7), before stopping the rinse cycle.
- Visually inspect the tank and test the surface pH in shadow areas.

If not already done so, during transfer of solution from one tank to another, after
passivation is completed, the cargo lines and manifolds should also be rinsed through with
20% nitric acid solution and FW thereafter.

2.7 How To Order The Passivation Acid

Make a requisition to ensure that you will have the appropriate acid for your passivation
on time and at the right place. The process should always be planned well in advance and
give the buyer at least 4 weeks notice. You may also contact your Superintendent.

2.8 Disposal of Nitric Acid solutions after passivation

After passivation, nitric acid solution may be disposed off in compliance and within
limitations of IBC code as if last cargo carried was nitric acid.

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 Passivation Procedures

3 Stainless Steel Passivation - CitriSurf 3050™

CitriSurf 3050™ yields a higher surface chromium-to-iron (Cr/Fe) ratio than nitric acid
does, because nitric acid dissolves also chromium at a certain Cr/Fe ratio, which CitriSurf
3050™ does not. Therefore the CitriSurf 3050 process provides a better passive film, and
is therefore to be carried out less frequent.

3.1 Passivation frequency using CitriSurf:

After 10 acid cargoes *

or
· Every 36 months either by recirculation or by steam method – If the steam method is
used the next passivation must be by the recycling method.
or
If the condition of the tank requires passivation before the above mentioned stipulates to
do so.

*acid cargo = inorganic acids, or short chain organic acids (acetic, formic)

3.2 Safety

CitriSurf, however safer than nitric acid, is still a dangerous substance that must be
handled with care by a trained crew.

- Reference to the CitriSurf 3050 Material Safety Data Sheet.

Full safety precautions must always be followed during passivation. A complete plan
must be drawn up, a thorough briefing carried out and personal protective equipment
(PPE) should be worn at all times. Safety showers must be operational. Portable drip pans
(or cut-down plastic drums) must be placed under all connections. All equipment must be
thoroughly rinsed and dried prior to stowage after use in passivation.

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 Passivation Procedures

3.3 Recirculation Passivation Process – CitriSurf 3050

3.3.1 Preparations for passivation.

Surfaces must be clean and free of previous cargo residue and other contaminants. The
tank cleaning standard to be used is based upon the required standard for the next cargoes
to be carried ( for instance water white or wall wash)

All passivation equipment must be of stainless steel - hoses, tank cleaning machines, etc.

The acid solution is supplied in a specific concentration. It should be thoroughly pre-

mixed to an acid concentration as specified for the specific acid used. Ensure acid is added
to clean fresh water, not the other way round, in order to minimize heat reaction.
Typically, the solution is mixed in the first tank in a washing pattern.

Remember that “topping-up” will be necessary as the pattern proceeds.

Plastic should be secured around all openings, i.e. Butterworth hatches through which
hoses have been introduced, etc. and water should be kept running around the area. This is
to avoid any damage to the mild steel deck, and the coating.

3.3.2 Basic requirements

Sufficient fresh water should be available onboard. Depending on tank size, an average of
60 tons of fresh rinse water per normal tank to be passivation - the more fresh water there
is available on board the better. It should be remembered that pH value of the effluent
should govern how much FW will be used.

pH Test kit or pH litmus paper to determine pH between 1 and 14 within ½ a point must
be available.

Blind flange adapter with four male tank cleaning hose connections. This should be
mounted with a valve for isolation purposes.

Sufficient Teflon gaskets.

Clean the tank to be passivated to a water white standard before starting anything. It is
pointless to passivate an unclean tank

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 Passivation Procedures

3.3.3 For ships not equipped with fixed T/C machines.

Four stainless steel tank cleaning machines (316) with 8 or 9.5 mm. nozzles and an
additional four machines for rinsing are required. The rinsing machines are not required to
be stainless.
Four lengths of Butterworth hose, resistant to CitriSurf 3050 (same as resistant to a 20%
solution of Nitric acid) and with a 10 bar pressure clearance - Safe working pressure is
needed. (= SS BW HOSE).

3.3.4 For ships equipped with fixed T/C machines.

Sufficient number of S/S tank cleaning hoses that will reach the fixed machines from the
pump stack.

3.3.5 Process in general

Wash the complete tank surface with the CitriSurf 3050 solution. Always add acid to
water, not water to acid, to minimize heat release on mixture. In order to insure a proper
strength solution, calculate the flow rate of the fresh water supply by timing the length
required to fill a 200 ltr. Drum. Use this flow rate to fill the tank with the required amount
of water. Sufficient solution must be used so that the pump suction will not be lost during
passivation. Add the required amount of CitriSurf 305 solution to the tank using a
stainless steel barrel pump, and suitable hose leading directly into the water in the tank.

If passivating several tanks, it is recommended to mix the solution in the first tank and
transfer from tank to tank, keeping in mind that losses will occur during the transfer and
the solution may require topping up. The quality of the solution should be monitored for
strength and contamination by measuring the pH and watching the color of the solution.

With the blind flange adapter, connect the required number of hoses and machines. (Use
as many washing machines as there are Butterworth openings.)

Butterworth openings should be covered to prevent any solution getting on the mild steel
decks. A stainless steel hose saddle will be good at this. Water should be run across the
deck continuously in order to dilute any acid, which may accidentally get on the deck.

Commence recirculation with the washing solution in the tanks with the following pattern;
- 10’ drop from deck level re-circulate – duration as per table next page.
- 15’ above the tank floor re-circulate – duration as per table next page.

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 Passivation Procedures

3.3.6 Passivation recirculation time / temperature table

Temperature Minimum Time Comments

ºC Minutes
60-70 15 Maximum 90ºC
20 30
10 60
Note these are minimum times, longer times
ensures better quality and thicker passive layer.

- When working with CitriSurf 3050 measure pH level of the solution before
staring to re-circulate each tank. Recirculation hoses should be rinsed down
with water after removing from the tanks.

3.3.7 Rinsing Procedure.

- Select one tank as the fresh water storage tank.

- The pump stack from this tank should be connected to the Butterworth line.
- Connect the required number of rinsing machines from the tank cleaning line
to the tank to be rinsed. Use the same number of machines as was used for
recirculation.
- Use the same drops as for recirculation.
- Measure the pH level of the discharge water every 15 minutes, and record.
When the pH reaches an acceptable level (6-7) make the second drop.
- Wash at second drop for 30 minutes.
- Drain the tank completely
- Remove the machines.
- Ventilate the tank.
- Visually inspect the tank, and test the surface pH in shadow areas, mop and
dry.
- Submit a report on the passivation to respective Fleet – retain copy onboard.

It is recognized that each ship and each situation will be somewhat different. It is therefore
recommended that the person in charge evaluate these procedures against his specific
situation, and proceed as per their best judgment.

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 Passivation Procedures

3.4 Citrisurf 3050 solution for recirculation

The “passivation” is carried out using CitriSurf 3050, an organic oxidizing citric acid
based product containing proprietary cleaning, enhancing and catalyzing agents.

The CitriSurf solution is supplied in a 50% (by weight) citric acid concentration, with
various other additives. It should be thoroughly pre-mixed with clean fresh water at about
14:1 by weight (about 10:1 by volume), to about a 4-5% citric acid concentration by
volume to ensure maximum effectiveness, and stored in a safe manner.

Ensure acid is added to clean fresh water, not the other way round, in order to minimize
heat reaction.

Typically, the solution is mixed in the first tank in a washing pattern.

CitriSurf 3050 is used at a pH of 1.8 to pH 2.2. Above pH 2.2 the acid is too weak, and
below pH 1.8 you waste product for no merit. Hence after the pre-mixing check the pH. If
above pH 2.0 add some more CitriSurf 3050, but if below pH 1.8 add some more water.

When the first tank is done, check the pH of the solution. If the pH is above 2.0 add some
CitriSurf 3050. Check the pH regularly and add as needed.

Example; Mix 1-2 drums = 400 ltrs as much as needed for sucction; 10:1 gives 2-4 m3
solution. Put in 1st tank, and then move to 2nd - verify the pH not goes above 2.2 - use in
2nd tank move to 3rd, check pH....., etc. When higher pH than 2.2 add some pure CitriSurf
to get the pH back between 2.2 and 1.8. Send the stuff to the next tank...., etc. - In that
manner 800 ltrs should be enough to do a whole ship if one can continue from tank to
tank.

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 Passivation Procedures

3.5 Recirculation method - example of work plan

(Assumed 4 Tanks to be Passivated)

1. CitriSurf 3050 Re-circulation 1st Tank

2. Move CitriSurf 3050 solution to 2nd tank
3. CitriSurf 3050 Solution Re-circulation 2nd Tank,
4. 1st FW wash 1st Tank
5. Move CitriSurf 3050 Solution to 3rd Tank.
6. Move 1st FW to 2nd Tank
7. CitriSurf 3050 Solution Re-circulation 3rd Tank,
8. 1st FW wash 2nd Tank,
9. 2nd FW 1st Tank
10. Move CitriSurf 3050 Solution to 4th Tank.
11. Move 1st FW to 3rd Tank, and 2nd FW to 2nd Tank
12. CitriSurf 3050 Solution Re-circulation 4th Tank,
13. 1st FW wash 3rd Tank,
14. 2nd FW 2nd Tank
15. Move 1st FW to 4th Tank, and 2nd FW to 3rd Tank
16. Move 2nd FW to 4th tank Acid Solution 1st
17. Fresh Water Wash (FW) 2nd Fresh Water Wash (FW)

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 Passivation Procedures

- CitriSurf 3050 Solution Recirculation 1st Tank

- CitriSurf 3050 Solution recirculation 2nd Tank. FW wash

1st Tank

- CitriSurf Solution 3050 recirculation 3rd Tank. Second

FW wash 1st Tank. First FW wash 2nd Tank.

- CitriSurf Solution 3050 recirculation 4th Tank. Second

FW wash 2nd Tank. First FW wash 3rd Tank.

- Second FW wash 3rd Tank. First FW wash 4th Tank.

- Second FW wash 4th Tank.

DIH Rev.0, Jan/31/2011

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 Passivation Procedures

3.6 Steam Passivation Process with CitriSurf 3050

The steam method for CitriSurf 3050 is using exactly the same the tools as used when
steam passivating with Nitric Acid.

The process involves calculating the water equivalent flow rate of the steam and adding
acid to the appropriate concentration and letting the acidified steam live into the tank to
spread over its surfaces.

CitriSurf
Solution

3.6.1 Equipment

The following equipment is required:

- Sufficient CitriSurf 3050.

- Stainless steel ejector with acid resistant suction hose and stainless steel ball
valve on the suction connection.
- Acid resistant container for holding and transporting the Acid around the deck.
- Steam hose to reach into the tank.

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 Passivation Procedures

3.6.2 Steam Passivation Procedure

- Fix the steam ejector into the tank, either to the ladder, or in a centrally located
butterworth hatch.
- Begin adding steam into the tank, after the tank has steamed for a short period,
crack open the ball valve on the suction hose to the acid container.
- Adjust the ball valve so that the acid is slowly, uniformly, and continuously
added to the steam over an extended period of at least 30 minutes. This is
important otherwise the acid will not atomize into the steam, if the droplets of
acid are too large, they will drop directly to the bottom of the tank with no
results.
- When the proper amount of acid has been injected into the tank stop steaming,
and close down the tank for 3-4 hours.
- After this time has expired, fresh water wash the tank for approximately one
hour. Check that the pH of the rinse water has come up to an acceptable level
(6-7), before stopping the rinse cycle.
- Visually inspect the tank and test the surface pH in shadow areas.

Note: If the tank has sufficient oxygen in the air so that you can enter the tank after the
passivation, the stainless steel is also passive. Use of “passivation guages” is pointless
since the result will always be positive – or the gauge is wrong. Stolt discourages the use
of such gauges.

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 Passivation Procedures

3.7 How To Order The CitriSurf 3050 Passivation Acid

Contact your Operator, or superintendent, who will make sure that you will have the
appropriate acid for your passivation on time and at the right place. The process should
always be planned well in advance and give the supply at least 4 weeks notice.

CitriSurf Supply Sizes

CitriSurf 3050 supply sizes

1000 ltrs Container Can be returned
200 ltrs Barrel / Drum No return
20 ltrs Can No return

There is an intention to simplify the ordering process as much as possible – Houghton, the
provider of CitriSurf 3050, shall maintain stocks worldwide and be able to supply you in a
convenient manner. This is however still in the works. When this single point ordering
system is completed you will be able to order CitriSurf 3050 directly over the normal
purchasing system, at which time this document will also be up-dated.

3.8 Disposal of Citrisurf solutions after passivation

After passivation, Citrisurf solution may be disposed off in compliance and within
limitations of Marpol Annex II, category “Z” product.

4 Reporting

Record on board each passivation time, tank and process used. This information will be
required at vetting inspections.

Submit also a report on the passivation to the respective Fleet.

It is recognized that each ship and each situation will be somewhat different. It is therefore
recommended that the person in charge evaluate these procedures against their specific
situation and proceed as per his best judgment.

It must be stressed that both the Superintendent and Ship Operator must be aware of and
updated on the progress of any passivation program on board. The ideal is of course to fit
such a program in to the normal trading of the ship, but this will take cooperation and
from all concerned.

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 Passivation Procedures

5 Example

This tank has darker stained areas, and lighter parts. This indicates that the surface of the
stainless steel does not have a uniform passive film. There are no problems at this time
with the tank, but it would be time to start planning for a passivation. Pro-active
maintenance is the way to manage stainless steel – once there is a problem the repairs are
always very costly.

- EOF-

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