Module 9-10

MS. PAULA ANN MARIE B. HERNANDEZ

MATHEMATICS Subject Teacher
 2

Lesson 9 - 10 │ ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATIONS

Content Standards Performance Standard

The learners demonstrate understanding of The learner is able to use precise counting
key concepts of combinatorics and probability. technique and probability in formulating
conclusions and making decisions.
Most Essential Learning Competencies
1.1 LO - illustrates the permutation of objects
1.2 - solves problems involving permutations

RAYER

RE-TEST

Direction: Answer the following questions. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. A mathematical calculation of the number of ways a particular set can be arranged, where
the order of the arrangement matters.

a. Permutation b. Combination c. Probability

2. A family of 3 plans to sit in the same row at a movie theater. How many ways can the family
be seated in 3 seats?

a. 6 b. 3 c. 1

3. How many ways can you arrange the letters in the word math?

a. 24 b. 48 c. 4

4. Calculate: 7 𝑃2

a. 42 b. 7 c. 0

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION

 3

5. Calculate: 6! − 3!

a. 714 b. 24 c. 120

6. How many 2-digit numbers can you make using the digits 1, 2, 3, & 4 without repeating the
digits?

a. 12 b. 24 c. 90

7. It says to multiply all whole numbers from the chosen numbers down to 1.

a. factorial functions b. multiple c. factors

8. What is the value of 5!

a. 120 b. 25 c. 720

XPLORE

What’s In

ACTIVITY 1.

Let us practice counting! Answer the following questions.

From the counting numbers 1 -30,
1. How many are prime numbers?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. How many are composite numbers?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. What numbers are odd?
__________________________________________________________________________
4. What numbers are divisible by 3?
__________________________________________________________________________
5. How many two-digit numbers are greater than 13?

__________________________________________________________________________

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION

 4

ACTIVITY 2.

What’s New!

Suppose you secured your bike using a combination lock. Later, you realized that you forgot the
4-digit code. You only remembered that the code contains the digits 1, 0, 2 and 9.

1 0 2 9

i. List all the possible codes out of the given digits.

__________________________________________________________________________

ii. How many possible codes are there?

__________________________________________________________________________

iii. What can you say about the list you made?

__________________________________________________________________________

IRM UP

PERMUTATION
A mathematical calculation of the number of ways a particular set can be arranged, where the
order of the arrangement matters.

Permutation problems will ask you in how many ways can you pick and arrange a certain
number of objects from a larger set of objects.

Example 1:

Matt and Phoebe attended Coby’s birthday celebration. Coby asked Matt
and Phoebe to take souvenir photos with him in the photo booth. Coby wanted to
have their group photos taken arranged in different positions in a single row for
each photo.

In how many ways can they do this?

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION

 5

Solution:

List all possible arrangements in which Matt, Phoebe and Coby can pose in a row for their
group photos.

Matt, Phoebe, Coby Matt, Coby, Phoebe

Phoebe, Coby, Matt Phoebe, Matt, Coby

Coby, Matt, Phoebe Coby, Phoebe, Matt

There are six possible ways that they can arrange themselves in a row for a photo.

An ordered arrangement of objects in a line is a called a linear permutation.

Rule 1.
The number of permutations of n distinct objects taken all at once is denoted by 𝑛 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑛!.
(Note: In other references, 𝑛 𝑃𝑛 is also denoted as 𝑃(𝑛, 𝑛) or 𝑃𝑛𝑛 .)

In example 1, how many arrangements are there if n distinct objects are taken r at a time?

Using the fundamental counting principle. There are only 2 positions to fill:

3 choices for the first position and 2nd choices for the second.

Hence, 3 × 2 = 6. There are 6 ways to arrange the three of them in a photo taken two a time.

The number of permutations of n distinct objects taken r at a time is denoted by 𝑛 𝑃𝑟 , where

𝑟 ≤ 𝑛.

The formula for permutations can be derived through the use of factorials:

𝑛!
𝑛 𝑃𝑟 =
(𝑛 − 𝑟)!

Rule 2.
𝑛!
The number of permutations of n distinct objects taken 𝑟 at a time is defined 𝑛 𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!
Where 𝑟 ≤ 𝑛.

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION

 6

Example 1.1.
Suppose that Coby suggested that their photo be taken in pairs, and that they arrange
themselves differently in a row each time. In how many ways can they do that?
Solution:
It can be solved using permutation rule number 2.

𝑛! 3! 3∙2∙1
𝑛 𝑃𝑟 = = = =6
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 3! − 2! 1

Example 1.2.
In how many ways can the letters of the word “LOVE” be arranged?
Solution:
Since there are four letters in the word “LOVE”, then

4 𝑃4 = 4! = 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 = 24

Therefore, the letters of the word “LOVE” can be arranged in 24 different ways.

Example 1.3.
In how many ways can you arrange five (5) people to be seated in a row?
Solution:
Do the computation:

5 𝑃5 = 5! = 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 = 120
Therefore, there are 120 ways five people can be seated in a row.

What about if you want to know the how many ways can you arrange the letters of the word
“NONE”?

PERMUTATION OF IDENTICAL OBJECTS

Permutation of a set of objects is an ordering of those objects. When some of those objects
are identical, the situation is transformed into a problem about permutations with repetition.

Example 1.4.
How many ways can the letters in the word “NONE” be arranged?

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION

 7

Solution:
Since there are four letters, get the permutation of the four letters,

4 𝑃4 = 4!

The permutation of the four letters will be divided by the number of ways to arrange the
repeated letter.
4! 4! 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 24
𝑛 𝑃𝑟 = = = = = 12
(4 − 2)! 2! 2 2

Therefore, there are 12 ways to arrange the letters of the word “NONE”.

Example 1.5.
How many distinguishable arrangements can be formed from the letters of the word
“PAGPAPAKATAO"?
Solution:
There are 12 letters, get the permutation of the twelve letters.

12 𝑃12 = 12!

The permutation of the twelve letters will be divided by the product of the number of ways to
arrange the repeated letter.
12! 479,001,600
𝑛 𝑃𝑟 = = = 665,280
3! × 5! 720

Therefore, there are 665,280 arrangements formed from the letters of the word
“PAGPAPAKATAO”.

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION

 8

What’s New!

Activity 2.
Directions: Find the number of possibilities. Write your answer on the box provided,

1. Watching a Play: Seating 8 students in 8 seats in the front row of the school auditorium.

2. Basketball: Introducing the 5 starting players on the Blue Devil’s basketball team at the
beginning of the next basketball game.

3. Race: Choosing the first, second, and third-place finishers in a race with 10 competitors.

4. Gardening: Placing a red rose bush, a yellow roe bush, a white rose bush, and a pink rose
bush in a row in a planter.

5. Arranging 4 charms from 6 possible, on a bracelet that has a clasp, a front, and a back.

6. How many unique 3-digit codes can be created from the 5 digits {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION

 9

7. Malcolm has to choose 5 numbers for his password (from digits 0 to 9) and repeat digits are
not possible. How many different arrangements of numbers cold Malcolm choose?

8. In how many ways can you create 2 letter words from the letters DAVE? Any 2 letters form 2
letter word.

EEPEN

Activity 3.

Direction: Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters in each of the given
words.

1. MATHEMATICS

2. STATISTICS

3. TRIGONOMETRY

4. GEOMETRY

5. ALGEBRA

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION

 10

Was it easy for you to find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters in each of
the given words? I am sure it was.

RANSFER

Your Real World!

Research two promotional contests in the Philippines that involve any of the
permutation rules discussed in this lesson to determine whether the contest mechanics may fail or
succeed due to the possible number of arrangements. Describe these two real-life situations in the
form of word problems. Present the word problems through a questions and answer.

How did you find the performance task? How did the task help you realize the importance of
the lesson in real life?

SSESSMENT

A. Directions: Find the number of permutations in each situation.

1. Six performers are to present their musical numbers in an auditorium. One of the performers
requested to be the last act. In how many ways can the performances be arranged if the
request was granted?

2. How many different nine-digit numbers can be written using the following digits:
2, 2, 2, 9, 9, 1, 1, 1 and 0?

3. Find the number distinguishable permutations of the letters of the your surname.

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION

 11

B. Directions: Complete the table below. Apply what you have learned in this module.

How many distinguishable arrangements can be formed from the letters of the name of your
favorite artist?

Step 1. Permutation of the letters.

Step 2. Permutation of the letters divided by the product of the

numbers of ways to arrange the repeated letters.

Step 3. Simplify.

What new realizations do you have about the lesson? How would you connect this to real
life?

End of the
lesson.

Congrats!

MATHEMATICS 10 | ILLUSTRATING PERMUTATION