ACTIVITY 1.

Read and analyze the transcription of Tejeros Convention from the accounts of the
following:

1. Santiago Alvarez’ The Katipunan and the Revolution :Memoirs of a General

by Paula Carolina Malay, Quezon City : Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1992.
pp 82-91
2. Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses, (http://malacanang.gov.ph/tejeros-
convention/)

WORKSHEET ON TEJEROS CONVENTION

PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES

Santiago Alvarez’ Teodoro Agoncillo’s

Memoirs of a General Revolt of the Masses

Author’s Background Born: July 25, 1872 in Imus, Born: November 9 1912 in
Cavite Died: October 30, Lemery, Batangas Died:
1930 in San Pablo City January 14, 1985

Santiago V. Alvarez was a He was a well-known

revolutionary general who Filipino historian of the
founded and served as twentieth century. He and
honorary president of the his compatriot Renato
Nacionalista Party's first Constantino were among
directorate. He was dubbed the first Filipino historians
"Kidlat ng Apoy" to advocate for a distinctly
(Lightning of Fire) for his nationalist perspective on
ferocious bravery and Filipino history. He was
dedication as commander of both a poet and an essayist.
Cavite's famous battles,
particularly the one in The first edition of
Dalahican, where the Agoncillo’s “History of the
victory was crucial for the Filipino People” was
revolutionary cause because published in (1960). It, like
 it prevented the Spanish many of Agoncillo's other
from sending publications, is still used as
reinforcements across the a standard textbook in
isthmus from Cavite to many Filipino universities.
reconquer the province, the
main Philippine bastion. As Revolt of the Masses is one
a result, he is remembered of his other well-known
as the "Hero" of the Battle works (1956). Many schools
of Dalahican in modern-day still utilize Malolos: the
Cavite City. Crisis of the Republic
(1960), the Fateful Years
Santiago was already a (1965), and History of the
delegado general of the Filipino People (1960) as
Katipunan’s provincial textbooks. He was named a
council in Cavite when the National Scientist in
revolution broke out. From recognition of his
1896 until 1897, he served remarkable work as a
as captain general and then historian (1985).
commander-in-chief of the
Magdiwang army, Agoncillo graduated from
heroically fighting the the University of the
Spaniards. On August 31, Philippines with a
1896, he and his father, bachelor’s degree in
Mariano Alvarez, and philosophy in 1934 and a
cousin, General Pascual master’s degree in the arts
Alvarez, rescued Noveleta the following year.
from the Spaniards.
He worked as a linguistic
In 1902, he was named assistant at the Institute of
Chairman of the National Language and as
Commission of the Peace, an instructor at Far Eastern
an entity established by University and Manuel L.
American authorities to Quezon University, as well
promote the country’s as a faculty member at the
material rebuilding and University of the
reconciliation. In the same Philippines, where he
vein, the Makabuhay chaired the Department of
Association was founded in History from 1963 to 1969
1912. before retiring in 1977.

Mention of Dates • A convention was • Bonifacio, his wife, and

organized in Tejeros on two brothers, Ciriaco and
March 25, 1897, to resolve Procopio, departed Cavite
the issue between the two in the middle of
councils. The Magdalo and December 1896 because he
Magdiwang groups, as well agreed to Mariano Alvarez,
as determining what form his uncle-in-request. law's
 of government should be
established. • Bonifacio wrote to
Mariano from San
• The Tejeros convention Francisco de Malabon on
electors met in secret in the January 2, 1897: Alvarez.
Tanza parish home on "President Mainam: Don't
March 27, 1897. Despite the forget to come this very
Supremo, Andres moment because I want to
Bonifacio’s allegation that talk to you personally about
the elections were null and what occurred to me in
void, they knelt before a Magdalo and so that you
crucifix and formally may explain their
accepted office. organization to me," the
letter stated.

• The feast of San Francisco

de Malabon was celebrated
in January 1897, and it was
during this time that the
rebels relaxed and enjoyed
the fiesta.

• General Emilio
Aguinaldo's birthday is
March 22, 1897. It was also
when the conflict between
the Spaniards and the
Magdalo men raged, and
the Tejeros assembly was
held.

Difference Between the The Tejeros Convention The Tejeros Convention

two accounts was held on the following took place on March 22,
dates: 1897, on Aguinaldo’s
birthday, according to
The Tejeros Convention, historian Teodoro
according to revolutionary Agoncillo.
leader Santiago Alvarez,
took place on. Seeds of Discontent by
Agoncillo was
The date is March 25, 1897. comprehensive since it
Event Specifics: contains many data and
facts, detailing the events in
Alvarez’s portrayal of the depth.
Tejeros Convention’s events
was succinct and to-the- The Katipunan of Cavite,
 point, expressing what which was divided into two
needed to be said without groups, the Magdiwang and
wasting words. the Magdalo, began this
story. The struggle between
This story begins on March the two factions necessitated
25, 1897, with a meeting in the formation of a new
Tejeros. Alvarez failed to Katipunan government to
account for the bring the two factions
circumstances that led up to together.
the gathering.
After the Tejeros
Convention, Andres
Bonifacio addressed a letter
to his uncle-in-law, Mariano
Alvarez, venting his fury,
which had been prompted
by Daniel Tirona, and in his
message, he restated his
nullification of everything
that had been agreed upon.

Your Own Analysis

Alvarez’s account was The organization believes
insufficiently detailed to Bonifacio’s death when he
fully comprehend what was writing the letter to his
occurred both before and uncle in law was unjust.
after the incident. It simply
gave a cursory explanation Agoncillo’s statement was
of the scenario, as opposed quite thorough, and he went
to the second reading, into great detail about how
which goes into the election became a sham
considerably greater detail and was subsequently
about the events. overturned.

Alvarez’s account is more The important events in

focused on the election that Agoncillo’s report focused
took place and how the on the conflicts they faced
officers handled it. In and the election’s
contrast to Bonifacio’s conclusion.
declaration that it was null
and void