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Science

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Why do Volcanoes Erupt?
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Volcanoes: Volcanic Eruptions
First Edition, 2020

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over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Susan C. Damian

Editor: Carmela G. Reyes
Reviewer: Joy A. Cuchapin
Illustrator: Monina F. Rellegue
Layout Artist: Jeffrey E. Banawe
Management Team: May B. Eclar, CESO III
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Nestor R. Nuesca, EdD
Larry B. Espiritu, PhD
Rodolfo A. Dizon, PhD
Mary Queen P. Orpilla, PhD
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region III

Office Address: Matalino St, Diosdado Macapagal Center Maimpis,

City of San Fernando, Pampanga
Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89
E-mail Address: region3deped.gov.ph
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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
“Why do Volcanoes Erupt?”
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners can
continue your studies while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This
will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the teacher are also provided to
our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help
you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module in Science is written and designed for the grade 9 students of the
regular curriculum in response to the continuity plan of the Department of Education
to bring learning to the learners at the comfort of their homes amidst the COVID 19
pandemic.

After this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt (S9ES III b - 28);

A. Explain how volcanic eruptions happened.
B. Give the signs of impending volcanic eruptions.
C. Describe the precautions before, during and after volcanic eruptions.
D. Discuss the risks and effects it may cause.
E. Appreciate the positive effects of volcanic eruptions.

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 What I Know

ACTIVITY 1 - MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your notebook/on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What does not come out of volcanoes?

a. ash c. lava
b. chocolate d. rock

2. Before lava reaches the surface it is called ____

a. liquid fire c. pyroclastic material
b. magma d. volcanic ash

3. A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma comes to the
surface
a. lava c. magma
b. lithosphere d. volcano

4. A destructive mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and gases ejected from a
volcano.
a. ash cloud c. pyroclastic flow
b. hot spots d. ring of fire

5. What are some problems that volcanic eruptions cause?

a. earthquakes c. mudslides
b. floods d. all of the above

6. Some benefits of volcanic eruptions include____

a. fertilized soil c. new land formation
b. mudslides d. all of the above

7. Over time, as a volcano continues to erupt, it will get____

a. bigger c. hungry
b. cold d. smaller

8. Large projectiles thrown through the air during an eruption are called ___
a. hot spot c. magma chamber
b. lava d. volcanic bombs

9. Which of the following factors helps determine whether a volcanic eruption will
be violent or relatively quiet?
a. amount of dissolved gases c. temperature of magma
b. composition of magma d. all of the above

10. What is/are signs that a volcano may erupt soon?

a. changes in the slope of the volcano c. earthquake activity in area
b. different amounts of gas being produced d. all of the above

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 Lesson

1 Why do Volcanoes Erupt?

The Philippines is located along the Ring of Fire. It is a home to many
volcanoes. According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS), our country is an ideal site for any volcanic activity. It is therefore
important for us to know how this natural phenomenon happens to reduce the risks
and effects it may cause.

What’s In

ACTIVITY 2 – JUMBLED LETTERS

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form the word that is being defined or
described. Write your answers in your notebook.

1.IANLIPN Excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and

pyroclastics.

2.ACINLUVAN Characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to

20km high with pyroclastic flow and ash fall.

3.STORMNAILOB A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by

fountain lava.

4.CREATHIP A steam-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact

with water.

5. GHAMMACITPEARO A violent eruption due to the contact between water and

magma.

6. CONITTEC They are large pieces of the Earth’s crust which can move
towards, away from or alongside one another, and in
doing so can trigger a volcanic eruption.

7.LIEDSH These volcanoes have a flat dome –like appearance and

release lava in gentle manner that is generally slow and
easy for humans and animals to out run.

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8.DEARCAL These volcanoes have a circular basin-shaped
appearance and release a thick lava which is between
650 ̊C to 800 ̊C.

9.CANOOLOVTOARST These volcanoes produce andesitic magma, which is

molten rock formed at plate boundaries which typically
cools and hardens before spreading too far but can reach
up to temperatures of 400 ̊C. Krakatoa, Vesuvius and
Mount Agung are examples of this type of volcano.

10. ONEC Shape of` volcano

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 What’s New

ACTIVITY 3 - VOLCANO CONCEPT MAP

Objective: Characterize a volcano

Figure 1. The eruption of Mount Pinatubo

https://www.slideshare.net/MuelClamor/the-eruption-of-mt-pinatubo-1991

Materials:
pictures of a volcano, paper and pen

Procedure:
Using the concept map given below, write five descriptions of a volcano
based from the pictures. Write your answers in your notebook.

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 Volcano

Figure 2. Concept Map of Volcano

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 What is It

A volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials from the earth’s interior are
thrown out of a volcano. Lava, rocks, dust, and gas compounds are some of these
“ejecta”. Eruptions can come from side branches or from the top of the volcano. This
can hurl hot rocks for at least 20 miles. Floods, airborne ash or noxious fumes can
spread 100 miles or more. Some eruptions are terrible explosions that throw out
huge amounts of rock and volcanic ash and can kill many people. Some are quiet
outflows of hot lava. Several complex types of volcanic eruptions have been described
by volcanologists. If you live near a volcano, active or dormant, be ready to evacuate
at a moment’s notice.

What forms a volcano?

Volcanoes are formed when magma (liquid rock) trapped underneath the
Earth’s crust rises to the surface and escapes through cracks.
The space for the magma to leave is very small and, as it travels, pressure
builds, meaning it escapes violently when released.
This escaping liquid rock becomes lava, which solidifies as it travels. Layers
of lava build up over time, creating volcanoes.

What triggers an eruption?

Tectonic plates are key. They are large pieces of the Earth’s crust which can
move towards, away from, or alongside one another, and in doing so can trigger a
volcanic eruption.
Moving tectonic plates can cause earthquakes, which then create fissures
(these are weaknesses or small tears in the Earth’s crust). When fissures appear, the
magma beneath the surface has an opportunity to escape.

What happens during an eruption?

Eruptions vary depending on the type of volcano and the different types of
tectonic boundary they sit on.
At destructive boundaries - where tectonic plates are moving towards each
other - you’ll find composite volcanoes.
Composite volcanoes have very sticky and thick lava, which can make them
very explosive when they erupt: gas bubbles that are trapped in the magma chamber
find it hard to escape through the viscous rock.
They can also spurt lots of hot ash and rocks into the air, making them
extremely dangerous.

How Do Volcanoes Erupt?

Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick
flowing substance called magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it,

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magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes
through vents and fissures to the Earth's surface. Magma that has erupted is
called lava.
Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. The explosivity of an
eruption depends on the composition of the magma. If magma is thin and runny,
gases can escape easily from it. When this type of magma erupts, it flows out of the
volcano. A good example is the eruptions at Hawaii’s volcanoes. Lava flows rarely kill
people because they move slowly enough for people to get out of their way. If magma
is thick and sticky, gases cannot escape easily. Pressure builds up until the gases
escape violently and explode. A good example is the eruption of Washington’s Mount
St. Helens. In this type of eruption, the magma blasts into the air and breaks apart
into pieces called tephra. Tephra can range in size from tiny particles of ash to house-
size boulders.
Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and deadly. They can blast out
clouds of hot tephra from the side or top of a volcano. These fiery clouds race down
mountainsides destroying almost everything in their path. Ash erupted into the sky
falls back to Earth like powdery snow. If thick enough, blankets of ash can suffocate
plants, animals, and humans. When hot volcanic materials mix with water from
streams or melted snow and ice, mudflows form. Mudflows have buried entire
communities located near erupting volcanoes.

What causes a volcano to erupt?

There are around 1,500 volcanoes on land which have been active in the last
10,000 years spewing ash into the atmosphere periodically.
As about 50 to 60 volcanic eruptions happen each month we've brought
together all the facts that you should know about the spectacular and potentially
devastating natural events. Lava can be pushed hundreds of feet into the air when
volcanoes erupt. There are several different causes for a volcano to erupt which all
fundamentally come down to a pressure change within the volcano which forces the
magma to overflow the chamber it is held in.
The most common type of eruption is caused by the movement of tectonic
plates. When one is pushed under the other the magma, sediment and seawater is
forced into the chamber which eventually overflows and the volcano erupts spewing
lava into the sky. This kind of eruption produces sticky, thick lava at temperatures
from 800 ̊C to 1,000 ̊C.
The second type of eruption caused by tectonic plates is when the plates move
away from each other allowing magma to rise and fill the gap, which can cause a
gentle explosion of thin lava of temperatures between 800 to 1,200C. Decreasing
temperatures can cause old magma to crystallize and sink to the bottom of the
chamber and this movement can force fresh liquid magma up and out - similar to
dropping a brick in a bucket of water.
Finally, a decrease in external pressure can trigger an eruption as it may
minimize the volcano's ability to hold back by increasing the pressures inside the
magma chamber. This kind of eruption can be caused by natural events such as
typhoons, which decrease rock density, and glacial melting on the top of the volcano
which alters the molten rock composition. Glacial melting is believed to be one cause
behind the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland.

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How do volcanic eruptions affect society?

Volcanic eruption is often associated with negative effects. It can cause loss of
lives and properties. As the lava flows or pyroclastic materials are ejected in the air,
they can destroy anything on their way. Actually, it has a good and a bad side. For
example, the eruption of Pinatubo in 1991, one of the longest volcanic eruptions, has
caused the decrease in the Earth’s surface temperature for almost two years. The
strong winds during its eruption spread the aerosol particles from the plume around
the globe. The result was a measurable cooling of the Earth’s surface for a period of
almost two years.
Volcanoes also affect people positively. For example, the eruption of Pinatubo
Volcano has created spectacular scenery in its wake along its trek. Likewise, the
eruption of Musuan Volcano in Bukidnon has produced very rich soils for farming
years after its eruption in 1867. People became creative also by making earthenware
out of the ash fall from the Pinatubo Volcano eruption.

Figure 3. The Pinatubo Caldera

https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/28/travel/mount-pinatubo-20-years-after-the-blast.html

Despite the advantages that people get from volcanic eruption, the major
concern now is how to reduce the negative effects of disasters to reduce loss and
save lives.

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 Figure 4. The aftermath of Pinatubo Volcano Eruption (Photo credits: USGS)
Science Learner’s Manual, first edition 2014

Geophysical Hazards: Volcanic eruption

Volcanic eruptions happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic
vent. The most common consequences of this are population movements as large
numbers of people are often forced to flee the moving lava flow. Volcanic eruptions
often cause temporary food shortages and volcanic ash landslides called Lahar.
The most dangerous type of volcanic eruption is referred to as a 'glowing
avalanche'. This is when freshly erupted magma forms hot pyroclastic flow which
have temperatures of up to 1,200 degree celsius.
The pyroclastic flow is formed from rock fragments following a volcanic
explosion, the flow surges down the flanks of the volcano at speeds of up to several
hundred kilometers per hour, to distances often up to 10km and occasionally as far
as 40 km from the original disaster site.

Figure 5. Volcanic Eruption

https://www.ifrc.org

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Are you prepared?

Signs of an Impending Volcanic Eruption

According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS), the government agency tasked with monitoring earthquakes and
volcanoes in the country, the following are commonly observed signs that a volcano
is about to erupt. These may vary from one volcano to another. (Adapted from
PHIVOLCS)

1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds;

occurrence of volcanic tremors;
2. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white
; to gray due to entrained gas:
3. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater;
4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground fissuring due to magma
Intrusion;
5. Localized landslides, rockfalls and landslides from the summit area which
not attributable to heavy rains;
6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the
volcano's upper slopes;
7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, wells (e.g., Bulusan and
Canlaon) and crater lake
8. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of springs, crater lakes within
the vicinity of the volcano.
9. Drying up of the spring/wells around the volcano.
10. Development of new thermal areas and/or reactivation of old ones;

Precautions in case of Volcanic Eruption

I.BEFORE

A. Learn about your community warning systems.

B. Be prepared for these disasters that can be spawned by volcanoes.
• Earthquakes
• Flash floods
• Landslide and mudflows
• Thunderstorms
• Tsunamis
C. Make evacuation plans. You want to get to high ground away from the
eruption. Plan a route out and have a backup route in mind.
D. Develop an emergency communication plan. In case family members are
separated from one another during a volcanic eruption (a real possibility
during the day when adults are at work and children are at schools), have
a plan for getting back together.
E. Ask an out-of-town relative or friend to serve as the “family contact”. After
a disaster, it’s often easier to call a long distance. Make sure everyone
knows the name, address, and phone number of the contact person.
F. Have a disaster supplies on hand.

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 • Flashlight and extra batteries
• Portable, battery-operated radio and extra batteries
• First aid kit and manual
• Emergency food and water
• Non-Electric can opener
• Essential medicines, cash and credits
• Sturdy shoes
G. Get a pair of goggles and a throw-away breathing mask for each member
of the household.
H. Contact your local emergency management office or the Philippine Red
Cross Chapter for more information on volcanoes.

II.DURING

A. Follow the evacuation order issued by authorities.

B. Avoid areas downwind of the volcano.
C. If caught indoors:
• Close all windows, doors and dampers
• Put all machinery inside a garage or barn
• Bring animals and livestock into closed shelters
D. If trapped outdoors:
• Seek shelter indoors
• If caught in a rockfall, roll into a ball position to protect head
• Avoid low - lying areas where poisonous gases can collect and flash
floods can be most dangerous
• If caught near a stream, beware of mudflows
E. Protect yourself.
• Wear long sleeved shirts and pants
• Use goggles to protest eyes
• Use a dust-mask or hold a damp cloth over face to help breathing
• Keep car or truck engines off
F. Stay out of the area. A lateral blast a volcano can travel many miles from
the mountain. Trying to watch an erupting volcano is a deadly idea.

MUDFLOWS:

Mudflows are powerful rivers of mud that can move faster than people can
walk or run. Mudflows occur when rain falls through ash-carrying clouds or when
rivers are close to stream channels. When you approach a bridge, first look upstream.
If a mudflow is approaching or moving beneath the bridge, do not cross the bridge.
The power of the mudflow can destroy bridges very quickly.

III.AFTER

A. Listen to a radio or television for the latest emergency information.

B. Stay away from volcanic ash fall.
C. When outside:

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 • Cover your nose and mouth. A number of victims of the Mount
Pinatubo volcano died from inhaling ash.
• Wear goggles to protect your eyes.
• Keep skin covered to avoid irritation or burns.
D. If you have a respiratory ailment, avoid contact with any amount of ash.
Stay indoors until local health officials advise it is safe to go outside.
E. Avoid driving in heavy ash falls. Driving will stir up more ash that can clog
engines and stall vehicles.
F. Clear roofs of ash fall. Ash fall is very heavy and can cause buildings to
collapse.
G. Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance-
infants, elderly people, and people with disabilities.

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 4 - I AM AFFECTED

Directions: Complete the table. List down the effect of volcanic eruptions in humans,
animals, economy and property. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate
sheet of paper.

Volcanic Eruption

Effect to
Effect to economy Effect to property
humans/animals

ACTIVITY 5 - PRECAUTIONS IN CASE OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION

Directions: The statements given below are some of the best things to do in case
there is a volcanic eruption. Used the indicators below to identify when they should
be done. B – before eruption D- during eruption A– after eruption. Write your
answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Stay out of the area.

2. Have disaster supplies on hand.
3. If trapped outdoors seek shelter indoors.
4. Listen to a radio or television for the latest emergency information.
5. Stay away from volcanic ashfall.
6. Make evacuation plans.
7. Develop an emergency communication plan.
8. Avoid areas downwind of the volcano.
9. Protect yourself.
10. Contact your local emergency office or the Philippine Red Cross Chapter
for more information on volcanoes.

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 What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 6 - FILL IN THE BLANKS

Directions: Complete the paragraph below by choosing the word/s found inside the
box. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

safety precautions survival kit volcanic eruptions

humans clothes medicines

television instant foods properties
livelihood

The (1) _________ is an event that may cause a great damage and may affect
the lives of (2) _________, animals, (3) _________ and (4) _________. You may be
updated to the latest news by listening to the radio, (5)_________ reading the
newspaper or browsing the net about the weather forecast.
An emergency bag or (6) __________ in our homes must contains basic or
primary needs like (7) _________ (not perishable food) like canned goods, drinking
water (8) _________, (9) _________, first aid kit, flash light, radio, extra battery and
important documents sealed in a water proof plastic.
Following (10) ____________ ensure the safety of life and properties.

What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 7 - POSTER MAKING

Direction: Now is the time to apply what you have learned. Make a poster about
volcanic eruption.
Materials:

Bond paper pencil Crayons

Rubrics for Poster Making

CATEGORY 1 2 3 4

Graphics Many Most graphics Most graphics Graphics are

Clarity graphics are are in focus are in focus and all in focus and
not clear or and the the content the content
content easily easily viewed easily viewed
viewed and

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 are too identified from and identified and identified
small. 1 m away. from 2 m away. from 2 m away.

Graphics Graphics do Some graphics All graphics are All graphics are
Relevance not relate to relate to the related to the related to the
the topic OR topic. Most topic and most topic and make
several borrowed make it easier to it easier to
borrowed graphics have understand. All understand.
graphics do a source borrowed All borrowed
not have a citation. graphics have a graphics have
source source citation. a source
citation. citation.

Content Student Student can Student can Student can

appears to accurately accurately accurately
have answer about answer most answer all
insufficient 75% of questions questions
knowledge questions related to facts related to facts
about the related to facts in the poster in the poster
facts or in the poster and processes and processes
processes and processes used to create used to create
used in the used to create the poster. the poster.
poster. the poster.

Required Several All but 1 of the All required The poster

Elements required required elements are includes all
elements elements are included on the elements as
were included on poster. well as
missing. the poster. additional
information.

Attractiveness The poster The poster is The poster is The poster is

is acceptably attractive in exceptionally
distractingly attractive terms of design, attractive in
messy or though it may layout, and terms of
very poorly be a bit messy. neatness. design, layout,
designed. It and neatness.
is not
attractive.

Title The title is Title can be Title can be read Title can be
too small read from 1 m from 2 m away read from 2 m
and/or does away and and describes away and is
not describe describes the content well. quite creative.
the content content well.
of the poster
well.

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 Assessment

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Write
your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials from the earth’s interior are
thrown out of a volcano.
2. The most common type of eruption is caused by the movement of tectonic plates.
3. Making evacuation plans with the family members is needed during and after
volcanic eruptions.
4. Lava can be pushed hundreds of feet into the air when volcanoes erupt.
5. One of the signs that a volcano is about to erupt is that, there is a decrease in the
frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds; occurrence of volcanic
tremors.
6. Portable battery-operated radio and extra batteries are things needed to prepare
as the volcano begins to erupt.
7. Floods, airborne ash or noxious fumes can spread 100 miles or more.
8. There is a decreased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from
white to gray due to entrained ash is a sign that a volcano is about to erupt.
9. The pyroclastic flow is formed from rock fragments following a volcanic explosion.
10.The most dangerous type of volcanic eruption is referred to as a 'glowing
avalanche. This is when freshly erupted magma forms hot pyroclastic flow which
have temperatures of up to 800 degrees.

Additional Activities

Directions: Read carefully the instructions given below. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
SODA BOTTLE VOLCANO
Materials:
roll of mint Mentos (type of candy) and clear 2-liter bottle of Coke (diet works
better)
Process:
1. Go outside to an area where you have a lot of room. This experiment is messy!
2. Open the bottle of soda carefully. Position the bottle on the ground, so that it
will not tip over. *Diet soda works better than regular soda. Plus, diet doesn't
leave a sticky mess.
3. Unwrap the roll of Mentos. The goal is to drop the Mentos into the bottle at
the same time, which is very tricky. One method is to roll a piece of paper into
a tube just big enough to hold the loose Mentos. Put a card under the roll and
on top of the bottle top, so you can pull the card and the candies will just drop
in at once.
4. Drop all of the Mentos into the bottle at the same time and then move out of
the way just as quick as you can.
5. Watch the eruption! And why does this happen?

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 17
Additional Activities What I have Learned
Activity 6. Items 3 and 4 can
Water molecules attract to other linking together to form
interchange in any order as
a tight mesh around each bubble of carbon dioxide gas in the
soda. When you drop the Mentos in the soda, the gelatin and well as numbers 8 and 9
gum Arabic from the dissolving candy break the surface tension. 1. volcanic eruption
Each Mentos candy has thousands of pits on the surface. These 2. humans
tiny pits are called nucleation sites, perfect places for the carbon 3. properties
dioxide bubbles to form. As soon as you drop the Mentos in the 4. livelihood
soda, bubbles form all over the candy. Couple this with the fact 5. television
the candies are heavy and sink to the bottom of the bottle and 6. survival Kit
you’re just asking for an explosion. When all this gas is released, 7. instant Foods
it literally pushes all the liquid up and out of the bottle in the 8. clothes
amazing blast. 9. medicines
10.safety Precautions
What I Can Do
Answers may vary
Assessment
1. TRUE 6. FALSE
2. TRUE 7. TRUE
3. FALSE 8. FALSE
4. TRUE 9. TRUE
5. TRUE 10. FALSE
TRUE
What's More What's New What I Know
Activity 4 Activity 3 Activity 1
Effect to human/animals 1. Cone-shaped 1. B
2. Gives off hot gases 2. C
Cause of death, affects 3. has crater 3. D
human respiratory system 4. Emits hot rocks 4. C
because of the smoke/ash 5. Has opening on top (or in 5. D
come from the inside of some cases, on the sides) 6. D
volcano. 7. D
8. D
Effect to economy 9. D
All businesses in the area 10. D
will be closed. What’s In
Activity 2
Effect to property 1. Plinian
Destroy many 2. Vulcanian
houses/buildings or the 3. Strombolian
entire place near the 4. Phreatic
volcano. 5. Phreatomagmatic
6. Tectonic
Activity 5 7. Shield
1. D 6. B 8. Caldera
2. B 7. B 9. Stratovolcano
3. D 8. D 10.Cone
4. A 9. D
5. A 10.B
Answer Key
References
Book

Alvarez, L.2020. Science Learner’s Manual, first edition 2014, Groundfloor Bonifacio
Building, DepEd Complex Meralco avenue, Pasig City.

Rabago,L., 1997. Science and Technology/General Science, Sd Publications, Inc.

Electronic Sources

htpps://simple.m.wikepedia.org

https://weather wizkids.com/experiments
Quizizz.com/admin/quiz/volcanic eruption
Geophysical hazards: volcanic eruptions
https://www.ifrc.org/

What forms a volcano?

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles

Volcanic Eruption
https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanic_ash/respiratory_effects.html
Volcanic Eruption
https://www.ifrc.org

The aftermath of Pinatubo Volcano Eruption (Photo credits: USGS)

The Pinatubo Caldera
https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/28/travel/mount-pinatubo-20-years-
after-the-blast.html

Mount Pinatubo
https://www.slideshare.net/MuelClamor/the-eruption-of-mt-pinatubo-1991

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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