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Science 9 Q2module 4

Carbon atoms are unique due to their ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms or molecules through shared valence electrons. This allows carbon to form long chains or complex branching structures with other carbon atoms. Carbon-carbon single bonds are particularly strong sigma bonds. Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen and include important biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Inorganic compounds do not contain both carbon and hydrogen.

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113 views8 pages

Science 9 Q2module 4

Carbon atoms are unique due to their ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms or molecules through shared valence electrons. This allows carbon to form long chains or complex branching structures with other carbon atoms. Carbon-carbon single bonds are particularly strong sigma bonds. Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen and include important biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Inorganic compounds do not contain both carbon and hydrogen.

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Science 9

Quarter 2- Matter
Module 4: Carbon Atom: A
Unique One

What’s New

Carbon Atom: A unique one

Valence Electron
Carbon atoms’ four valence electrons can be shared by different
particles that have electrons to share, consequently framing covalent
(shared-electron) bonds. They can even be shared by other carbon
particles, which can also impart electrons to other carbon molecules,
etc., framing long strings of carbon atoms that cling to one another like
links in a chain.
Bond Length

Carbon atom has the ability to form long carbon-to-carbon chains. It can
tie with one another in straight chains, yet in complex branching, similar
to the parts of a tree. These can even join & quot;head-to-tail" to make
rings of carbon particles. There is basically no restriction to the number or
unpredictability of the branches or the quantity of rings that can be
connected to carbon atom, and hence no restriction to the quantity of
various particles that can be shaped.

Strength

The carbon–carbon single bond is a sigma bond and is formed between


one hybridized orbital from each of the carbon atoms. Sigma bonds are
the strongest kind of covalent bond. They are framed by head-on
overlapping between nuclear orbitals. Sigma bonding is mostly
characterized for diatomic atoms utilizing the language and tools of
symmetry groups.

Multiple Bond
Formation

It can impart not just one electron to another atom to form a single
bond, it can likewise share two or three electrons, framing a double or
triple bond. This makes for countless possible bond blends at better
places, making huge number of various potential molecules.
Furthermore, a particle that varies by even one atom or one bond
position is a molecule of a different compound.

What is It

Organic compounds are group of compounds that contain the element carbon
and
hydrogen. It consistently contains carbon with other different elements that are
required for
living creatures to work. Carbon is the key component since it has four electrons
in an
external electron shell that can hold eight electrons. Subsequently, it can form
numerous
kinds of bonds with other carbon molecules and components; for example,
hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
and iodine).
Hydrocarbons and proteins are genuine example of organic compounds that can
form long
chains and complex structures.
The organic compounds comprised of these particles are the bases for chemical
reaction in the cells of plants and creatures – responses that give the vitality for
discovering
food for reproduction and for the various processes important for life.
Types of Organic Compounds and Its Characteristics
The four kinds of organic compounds are hydrocarbons, lipids, proteins and
nucleic acids, and they perform various functions in a living cell. While numerous
organic compounds are not polar particles and in this way don't dissolve
well in the water of a cell, they frequently disintegrate in organic compounds. For
instance, while carbohydrates, such as sugar, are marginally polar and dissolve in
water, fats don’t. However, fats break down in other natural solvents, for
example, ethers. When in solution, the four kinds of organic compounds interact
and form new compounds as they come inside a living tissue.
1. Carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are biochemical that is made of one or more simple sugar
molecules. Living things use carbohydrates as an energy source.
2. Lipids.
Lipids are biochemical that does not dissolve in water. Fats, oils, and
waxes are examples of lipids. One of the functions of lipids in living things is to
store
energy.
3. Proteins.
Proteins are huge molecules with complex structures that permit them to
take on significant functions in organic chemical reactions. It is usually
present in animal products, though it also exists in other sources, such as
nuts and legumes. Proteins do most of the work in cells and are essential
for the organization, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and
organs.
4. Nucleic Acids.
Nucleic acids are the chief information-carrying molecules of the cell. The
term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA and RNA. They lead the
development of protein synthesis and control the inherited characteristics
of
every living thing.
Activity 1: Getting to Know
A. Choose the element that comprises the given organic compound by checking
the
appropriate box. Write your answer on separate sheet of paper.
Organic Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus
Compound

Carbohydrate
s

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic Acid

B. Determine the type of organic compound being described by set of phrases


below.
Write your answer on separate sheet of paper.
Carbohydrates Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid
1. Stores genetic code
2. Used for building and support bone and muscle tissue.
3. DNA and RNA
4. Composed of Nucleotides
5. Main foundation of energy of living things
Activity 2: Inorganic Search
Analyze the composition of the given formula below then encircle all the
inorganic compounds. Write your answer on separate sheet of paper.

HBr CH3COOH Na2SO4


C8H18 HF SO3
NO2 H2SO4 KMnO4
MnCl2 KCl NH3
CuSO4 HNO3 CH3OH
NaCl C2H5OH CaCO3

Activity 3: My Own Identity


Fill out the needed data to differentiate organic from inorganic compounds. Write
your answer on separate sheet of paper.
Characteristics Organic Compounds Inorganic
Compounds
1.Bonding
2.Physical State
(room temp)
3.Melting Point
4.Is it soluble in water?
5.Conductivity
Activity 4: Where do I Belong?
Classify the given compounds below by putting each compound in the
appropriate box (activity 3). Write your answer on separate sheet of paper.

Benzamide
(C7H7NO)

Hypo phosphorous acid


(H3PO2)

Acetic acid
(C2H4O2)

Sulfuric Acid
(H2SO4)

Ascorbic Acid
(HC6H7O6)

Calcium chloride
(CaCl2)
Sodium sulphite
(Na2SO3)

Chloral

What I Have Learned

1. Carbon atom is a unique type of atom. It is being distinguished through is


remarkably different ______________ ,
____________________,______________
and it ability to have multiple bond formation.
2. The carbon–carbon single bond is a _______________ bond and is formed
between one hybridized orbital from each of the carbon atoms.
3. Organic compounds are type of compounds that contain ________________
and ______________. It can be hydrocarbon, lipid, protein and nucleic acid.
4.______________________are compound that do not contain both carbon and
hydrogen.
5. Inorganic compounds have the capacity to _______________, have extremely
_______________and______________, remarkable quality of color, highly
soluble in water and are able to form crystals.

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