3G Technology

How it works and a list of its advantages and

disadvantages.

3G gets even better day by day

Acknowledgement

ISAS is that type of work which cannot be worked upon by single mind so we
acknowledge our hearty thanks to all those who helped in completing this
Project.

First of all we owe our hearty thanks to our BSSMC Teacher Mr. Arindam Paul
who carved the way and we just walked on it.

Then we are thankful to all our friends for their full support and cooperation.

Thanks to all.

An effort by:

Abhishek Malhotra

Basudeo Kumhar

Mithilesh Choudhary

Pradeep Turi
Topics to be covered

1. Introduction
2. How 3G Works?
3. Advantages of 3G
4. Disadvantages of 3G
5. Future Scope of 3G
6. 3G Compatible Gadgets
7. References
1.Introduction
3G stands for Third Generation. Depending on the Technology and
advancements, cellular networks are named by Generations. Today it’s era of
3G networks. 3G Network has capability of providing Voice & Text service
along with high speed data transmission such as High Speed Internet, Online
Gaming & Video Calling. In order to avail benefits of the advanced 3G
networks, we need to have a 3G phone. 3G phone is a Quadruple Band with
WCDMA support. 3G uses GSM & CDMA technologies combined to obtain both
voice & data transmission at same time. 3G phones also usually have Wi-Fi or
WLAN which allows us to connect to available Wi-Fi hotspot.

 3G Phones allow us to organize our life and connect with ease. It feels good
when you have face to face communication with help of a 3G Phone. They
improve productivity & creativity of one. Nokia 6233 was the first 3G Phone in
India. Later Nokia N95 ranked Top Selling award in 3G phones. 3G Phones also
combine exciting feature like High Resolution Camera, Large Screen, Optional
Touch Interface, Global Positioning System (GPS) and many more. Vendors like
Sony Ericsson, Samsung & Motorola have also launched many of the 3G
Phones during last few years. 3G technology is still available in limited parts of
world. It is spreading day by day and increasing popularity of 3G Handset. 3G
Phones will eventually become everyone’s need in upcoming few years as all
networks around globe would become 3G enabled.
History

The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan

branded FOMA, in May 2001 on a pre-release of W-CDMA technology. The first
commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001,
although it was initially somewhat limited in scope; broader availability was
delayed by apparent concerns over reliability. The second network to go
commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on the 1xEV-DO
technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second South Korean 3G
network was by KT on EV-DO and thus the Koreans were the first to see
competition among 3G operators. The first European pre-commercial network
was at the Isle of Man by Manx Telecom, the operator then owned by British
Telecom, and the first commercial network in Europe was opened for business
by Telenor in December 2001 with no commercial handsets and thus no paying
customers. These were both on the W-CDMA technology.

The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile

Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later
shut down operations. The second 3G network operator in the USA was
Verizon Wireless in October 2003 also on CDMA2000 1x EVDO. AT&T Mobility
is also a true 3G network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to
HSUPA.

By June 2007, the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. Out of 3
billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide this is only 6.7%. In the countries
where 3G was launched first – Japan and South Korea – 3G penetration is over
70%. 
2. How 3G Works?

EVDO
EVDO stands for Evolution Data Optimized

EVDO is a 3G mobile broadband technology

EVDO Rev-A is the current version of EVDO available from Sprint and Verizon.

EVDO Rev-0 was the original technology. Rev-A is faster than Rev-0.

EVDO works similarly to the way your cell phone operates in that it relies on
signal from a wireless tower rather than a physical connection like a phone line
or cable. An EVDO modem (often referred to as an "air-card") receives the
signal and allows one to connect to the internet - it's as simple as that! EVDO
modems come in several formats: USB dongle, Express Card, PCMCIA card, or
all-in-one hotspot and one can use them either directly in their computer or in
a 3G router.

EVDO Rev A has a peak data rate of 3,000 kbits/s, but realistic speeds average
around 600 kbits/s-1.4 Mbits/s Download with bursts to 2.0 Mbits/s and 500
Kbits/s-800 Kbits/s Upload with bursts to 1.8 Mbits/s.
FOMA
NTT DOCOMO's 3G FOMA service, deployed in the 2 GHz frequency band, uses
packet data transfer speeds ranging from 64 kbps to 384 kbps to support a
broad variety of applications that include Internet access, e-mail, file transfers,
remote log-in and Internet phone applications. In addition, ISDN-type services
functioning on a streamed basis effectively employ nx64 kbps channels to
support applications such as telephony, video-conferencing and Group 4
faxing. Further, high-quality voice services at up to 12.2 kbps are also available.
These cutting-edge services are supported by the following technologies.

Network Technology
NTT DOCOMO's 3G network uses an architecture completely different from 1G
and 2G. Employment of ATM technology manages packet and circuit switching
on the same network node, allowing use of various traffic types for true
multimedia capability. Asymmetric communications with different
characteristics for up- and down-link are also made possible by ATM's ability to
handle these resources separately. Additionally, ATM allows flexible
connection services such as point-to-point and point-to-multi-point
connections.
Intelligent Networks (IN) are in telecommunications use worldwide and the
introduction of 3G service in Japan has greatly enhanced them, not least by
providing quicker response to customer needs. What's more, development
costs are lower and more easily controlled, while Global Roaming (Virtual
Home Environment) has become a practical possibility.

W-CDMA Technology
Two innovative technologies employed in W-CDMA are key to FOMA's
unmatched ability to handle a wide range of content including sound, video
and still images:
- Spread Spectrum technology
that employs a wider frequency band to transmit radio signals.
- Multirate technology
that selects speed and transmission channel based on data type and size.
Spread Spectrum method
High-quality, high-efficiency transmission
W-CDMA spreads signals over a frequency range several hundred times
broader than conventional system's, and allocates single time slots to each
user. Since this method allows all users to share the broad bandwidth, splitting
the bandwidth becomes unnecessary and transmission efficiency is vastly
improved. In addition, spread spectrum is highly resistant to disturbance and
noise, and the use of a common frequency in all cells minimizes jamming and
interference. The need for frequency-switching when a user moves from one
station's coverage to another is eliminated to make high-quality
communications possible.

Multirate Transmission Method

Efficient, high-speed processing of various data types
Critical to the success of FOMA is W-CDMA's ability to handle the system's
massive data content. This is achieved through the use of multirate
transmission that automatically selects the optimal transmission speed and
route according to data type and size, to assure high-speed high-quality
handling of content including voice, still images and video.
3G Mobile System
Third generation mobile communications systems have several names such as
3G, UMTS and WCDMA assure us that they will heighten mobile
communications to better speed limits. 3G technology is an improvement upon
2G systems in two ways.  The first being a step towards packet switching from
circuit switching.  Packet switching tends to use the communication system
more effectively, consequently boosting the capacity of the system.  Packet
switching also permits users to always be online.  This means elimination in the
need for users to “dial-up”. 
3. Advantages of 3G

• High Security as compared to its predecessor 2G,2.5G.

• Improved Data Speed ranging from 300 – 2,000 kbits/s.

• Reasonable Data Rates close to 2G.

• Provides ease of use to anyone who wants to have a video chat with
someone on the other side of the Globe.

• All one needs is a 3G enabled phone freeing one from the hassles of the
conventional wires and cables(also modems).

• Where 3G connection won’t be available it will automatically switch over

to 2G connection.
4. Disadvantages of 3G
• Conversion of 3G from 2G is going to be a huge problem because there is
a huge population all around the world that still prefers 2G over 3G.

• Most of the services offered by 3G go unnoticed by the common mass as

they have no use for it.

• 3G has not yet spread to the remote parts of the world where 2G already
has.

The diagram below shows the Accessibility features of 3G Handsets available

and the percentage of the available features used by the Handset owners.
5. Future Scope of 3G
From what one can see in the chart below one can clearly make out that the
future of 3G is bright not only on India but all over the world.

In fact, successors of 3G namely 3.5G and 4G have already started to lay their
foundations.

All one can do is to make the most of this wonderful technology which will rock
the world of technology in due course.
6. 3G Compatible Gadgets

Model of a 3G vest used by

Undercover Cops

A popular EVDO
setup: A Sprint
598Uaircard in
A CradlePoint CTR350
router to share the
connection along
with a Booster
Antenna to improve
signal
7. References
"The history of UMTS and 3G development".
http://www.umtsworld.com/umts/history.htm.

"World's first 3G launch on 1 October severely

restricted (hktdc.com)".

http://info.hktdc.com/imn/01100401/info14.htm.
"broadbandmag.co.uk/3G grinds to a start".

http://www.broadbandmag.co.uk/analysis/3G/3G.ht
ml.

"DoCoMo Delays 3G Launch".

http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2001/04
/43253.

http://www.3Gstore.com

www.wikipedia.org
THANK YOU
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intentionally