MATHEMATICS [4] In how many different ways can 5 persons be seated in an automobile having places for 2 in the front

In how many different ways can 5 persons be seated in an automobile having places for 2 in the front seat and
Prepared by: Engr. Christian M. Panganiban, M.E. 3 in the back seat if only 3 can drive?
July 30, 2016 a. 30 b. 60 c. 36 d. 72

[1] A poll room has four doors. In how many ways can a voter enter the room through one door and leave the Ans. d. 72
room through a different door?
a. 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14 Applying the Principle of Counting or Enumeration,

Ans. c. 12 Total Number of Ways = 3x4x3x2x1 = 72 ways

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING OR ENUMERATION: [5] How many three digit even numbers can be formed from the integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 without repetition?
“If some procedure can be performed in n1 different ways, and if, following this procedure, a second procedure a. 90 b. 120 c. 764 d. 168
can be performed in n2 different ways, and if, following this second procedure, a third procedure can be Ans. d. 168
performed in n3 different ways, and so forth; then the number of ways the procedures can be performed in the Given: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
order indicated is the product n1xn2xn3…”
Where: 2, 4, 6, 8 => even number (total of four choices)
Thus, Note: The ‘units’ digit determines whether the resulting three-digit number is even or not. If the ‘units’ digit is
Number of ways to enter (first activity or procedure) = 4 even, the three-digit number is also even number. Thus, start putting or filling up number of choices from the ones
Number of ways to leave (second activity or procedure) = 3 or units digit.

Applying the Principle of Enumeration, 6 choices 7 choices 4 choices

H T U
Total Number of ways = 4 x 3 = 12 ways
Where: H is for Hundreds Digit ; T is for Tens Digit ; U is for Units Digit
[2] How many license plates can be made using two letters for the first two places and any of the numbers 0
through 9 for the last three? Applying the Principle of Counting or Enumeration,
a. 38,358 b. 35,283 c. 252,000 d. 676,000
Number of choices for the Units digit = 4
Ans. d. 676,000 Number of choices for the Tens digit = 7
Number of choices for the Hundreds digit = 6
26 26 10 10 10
choices Choices Choices choices choices Total number of three-digit even numbers = 4 x 7 x 6 = 168
(A to Z) (A to Z) (0 t0 9) (0 to 9) (0 to 9)
[6] In how many ways can 4 persons be seated in a room where there are 9 seats?
a. 2400 ways b. 3024 ways c. 3940 ways d. 4010 ways
LETTERS NUMBERS
S
Applying the Principle of Counting or Enumeration; PERMUTATION – is a set of ORDERED arrangement of n distinct things taken r at a time (ORDER IS
IMPORTANT)
Total number license plates = 26 x 26 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 676,000 n!
Formula: n Pr =
(n − r )!
[3] A club has 21 members. In how many ways can a president, a vice president and a secretary be selected from
the group if no member may hold more than one position?
a. 7890 b. 7980 c. 8970 d. 8790 Or simply use your Scientific Calculator => Look for the nPr key

Ans. b. 7980 Ans. b. 3024 ways

n! 9! 9!
Number of choices for President = 21 By Permutation Formula, n Pr = = = = 3024
(n − r )! (9 − 4 )! 5!
Number of choices for Vice President = 20 (assuming one member was elected as President)
Number of choices for Secretary = 19 (assuming two members were elected as President and Vice President)
Or simply use your Scientific Calculator => Look for the nPr key
Applying the Principle of Counting or Enumeration,
Input like this, 9P4 result => 3024
Total numbers of ways = 21 x 20 x 19 = 7980 ways
[7] In how many ways can 9 distinct books be arranged in a shelf? [11] In how many ways can 4 Igorots, 6 Badjaos and 5 Tausugs be seated in a row if persons of the same tribe
a. 362,880 ways b. 10,080 ways c. 40,320 ways d. 6,720 ways are to be seated side by side?
a. 15,460,230 b. 12,441,600 c. 10,587,510 d. 9,384,470
Ans. a. 362,880 ways
Given: n = 9 books ; r = 9 (to be arranged all in a shelf) => taken 9 at a time Ans. b. 12,441,600
Where n = r No. of ways = 4! x 6! x 5! x 3! = 12,441,600 ways
n! n!
By Permutation Formula, nPn = = = n! Note: 4! is for 4 Igorots
(n − n)! (0)!
6! is for 6 Badjaos
9! 5! is for 5 Tausugs
9P9 = = 9! = 362,880
(9 − 9 )! 3! is for the three groups that will also permute (Igorots, Badjaos, and Tausugs).

Or simple use your Scientific Calculator => Look for the nPr key [12] Find the number of ways can 3 nurses and 4 engineers be seated on a bench with the nurses seated
together?
Input like this, 9P9 result => 362,880 a. 144 b. 288 c. 720 d. 576

PERMUTATIONS WITH REPETITIONS Ans. c. 720

Total Number of Ways = 3!x4!x5 = 720 ways
Theorem: The number of permutations of n objects of which n1 are alike, n2 are alike,……..nr are alike is:

!
[13]In how many ways can 8 students be seated around a circular table?

=
 !  ! … . .  !
a. 3960 b. 4800 c. 5040 d. 5210

Ans. c. 5040 ways

CYCLIC PERMUTATION – permutation of n things taken n at a time also known as Circular Permutation. It is
[8] Determine all the possible permutations of the word MISSISSIPPI taking all the letters at the same time.
the number of ways to set up n distinct objects beside or along a fixed circle.
a. 12, 674 ways b. 27,540 ways c. 34,650 ways d. 57,680 ways
Formula:
For MISSISSIPPI
n = 11 (total number of letters)
(a) If clockwise and anti clock-wise orders are different, then total number of circular-permutations is given by:
with 4 I’s ; 2 P’s and 4 S’s (n-1)!
11!
Applying the formula: P= = 34,650
4! 2! 4! (b) If clock-wise and anti-clock-wise orders are taken as not different, then total number of circular-permutations is
given by:
[9] Three copies of Mathematics books, four copies of Machine Design books, and five copies of Thermodynamics (n-1)!/2!
books are covered with covers of different colors for each kind of book. In how many ways can they be placed on
Thus,
a shelf?
P = (8-1)! = 7! = 5040 ways
a. 10330 ways b. 22170 ways c. 27720 ways d. 32490 ways
[14] In how many ways can seven different colored spherical beads be made into a bracelet?
a. 360 ways b. 480 ways c. 540 ways d. 720 ways
Ans. c. 27720 ways
n = 12 (total number of books)
Ans. a. 360 ways
with 3 Mathematics Books ; 4 Machine Design Books and 5 Thermodynamics Books
P = (n-1)! = (7-1)!/2 = 360 ways
12!
Applying the formula: P= = 27,720
3! 4! 5! Note: Divided by ‘2’ because the actual scenario can be reversed without distinction.
[10]How many different signals each consisting of 6 flags hung in a vertical line can be formed from 4 identical
[15] In how many ways can 7 persons be seated in a round table if a certain couple must be together?
red flags and 2 identical green flags?
a. 720 b. 240 c. 480 d. 600
a. 12 b. 15 c. 21 d. 32
Total Number of Ways = (6 – 1)! x 2 = 240 ways
Ans. b. 15 signals
n = 6 (total number of flags)
[16] There are 12 candidates for 3 cadet engineers. How many possible combinations are there?
with 4 identical red flags ; 2 identical green flags
a. 220 b. 240 c. 200 d. 250
Applying the formula: 6!
P= = 15
4! 2!
COMBINATION – is a set of arrangement of n distinct things take r at a time WITHOUT REGARD TO ORDER.
3 5 8 2
Formula: n Pr n! Pnot red = Pgreen + Pblue = + = =
nCr = = 12 12 12 3
r! (n − r )! r!
or
4 2
Or simply use your Scientific Calculator => Look for the nCr key Pnot red = 1 - Pred = 1 - =
12 3

Ans. a. 220 [21] Roll a pair of dice one time. What is the probability that the sum of two numbers is 9?
Given: 12 candidates for 3 cadet engineers a. 1/36 b. 1/9 c. 1/18 d. 2/9
n = 12 (total number of candidates) ; r = 3 (taken three at a time for the open positions, )
n Pr n! 12! Ans. b. 1/9
Applying the formula, nCr = = = = 220
r! (n − r )! r! (12 − 3)!3!
Note: For every ‘die’, there are 6 possible outcomes (6 faces of a cube)
Or simply use your Scientific Calculator => Look for the nCr key For a pair of dice, there are 6 x 6 outcomes = 36 total number of possible outcomes

Input like this, 12C3 result => 220 Outcomes with SUM of 9: (6, 3), (3, 6), (5, 4), (4, 5) => 4 pairs of successful outcomes
4 1
[17] How many line segments are determined by 10 distinct points if a line segment is determined by 2 points? Thus, P= =
36 9
a. 40 b. 45 c. 50 d. 60

Ans. b. 45 [22] In a fair throw of two dice, the probability of obtaining a total of 10 or 12 is:
Using Calculator: 10C2 = 45 a. 5/18 b. 1/6 c. 4/9 d. 1/9

[18] During the board meeting, each member shakes hand with all the other members. If there were a total of 91 Ans. d. 1/9
handshakes, how many members were in the meeting? Outcomes with SUM of 10: (5, 5), (4, 6), (6, 4) => 3 pairs of successful outcomes
a. 12 b. 14 c. 13 d. 15
3 1
Psum 10 = =
Ans. b. 14 36 12
Using Calculator: 14C2 = 91
Outcomes with SUM of 12: (6, 6) => 1 pair of successful outcome
[19] In how many ways can a student answer 6 out of 10 questions if he is required to answer 4 out of the first 5
questions? 1
Psum 12 =
a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50 36
Thus,
Ans. d. 50
Total number of ways = 5C4 x 5C2 = 50 1 1 1
Psum 10 or sum 12 = Psum 10 + Psum 12 = + =
12 36 9
Note: 5C4 => because 4 questions are required to answer out of the first 5 questions
5C2 =>because only 2 questions are required to answer on the last 5 questions in order to answer total of 6 Note: In probability, “OR” indicates ADDITION => Also known as “mutually exclusive events”
questions out of 10 questions. Two or more events are said to be mutually exclusive if it is impossible for more than one of them to happen in a
5C4 x 5C2=> applying the principle of enumeration (multiplication rule) single trial.

[23] Five Machine Design books and 4 Thermodynamics books are placed on a shelf at random. What is the
PROBABILITY – the measure of the likehood of an event to happen. probability that the extreme are both Machine Design?
Number of Successful Outcomes a. 0.3778 b. 0.4378 c. 0.2778 d. 0.3144
Formula: P=
Total Number of Possible Outcomes
Ans. c. 0.2778

9 − 2!
[20] A bag contains 4 red balls, 3 green balls and 5 blue balls. The probability of not getting a red ball in the first

5 − 2! 4! 5
draw is:

= = = 0.2778
9! 18
a. 2 b. 2/3 c. 1 d. 1/3

Ans. b. 2/3 5! 4!
Given: 4R
3G
5B
[24] A card is drawn from an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards, find the probability of getting a red card or a jack. [28] A box contains 3 red balls and 8 green balls. If two balls are drawn in succession without replacement, what
a. 1/13 b. 2/13 c. 6/13 d. 7/13 is the probability that that the first ball is red and the second ball is green?
a. 6/55 b. 8/55 c. 11/55 d. 12/55
Ans. d. 7/13
26 4 − 2 7 Ans. d. 12/55
Pr ed or jack = Pr ed + Pjack = + = Given:
52 52 13
3R
Note: minus 2 because out of four jacks, two are red 8G

[25] A card is drawn from an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards, find the probability of getting a queen or a face In this problem, it was clearly stated that first ball is red and the second ball is green
card.
a. 1/13 b. 2/13 c. 3/13 d. 4/13 Thus, 3 8 12
Pr ed and green = Pr ed x Pgreen = x =
11 10 55
Ans. d. 3/13
4 12 − 4 3
Pqueen or face card = Pqueen + Pface card = + = [29] A box contains 6 red balls and 4 blue balls, another box contains 8 red balls and 10 blue balls. If one ball is
52 52 13
drawn from each box, determine the probability that both are red.
a. 2/55 b. 4/15 c. 1/3 d. 2/5
Note: minus 4 because out of 12 face cards, four are queens
Ans. b. 4/15
[26] In rolling a die, determine the probability of getting an even number or a perfect square. Given: 6R 8R
a. 1/3 b. 2/3 c. 1/4 d. 1/2 4B 10B
Ans. b. 2/3
3 2 −1 2
Peven or perfect square = Peven + Pperfect square = + = In this problem, it was clearly stated that both are red (first ball drawn from the first box is red and the second ball
6 6 3 drawn from the second box is also red)
Note: minus 1 because out of two perfect squares (1 & 4), one of them is even
Thus,
6 8 4
[27] An urn contains 5 black balls and 7 white balls. What is the probability of getting 1 black and 1 white ball in Pred and red = Pred x Pred = x =
two consecutive draws from the urn? 10 18 15
a. 0.28 b. 0.36 c. 0.53 d. 0.06
[30] A coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of getting three heads?
Ans. c. 0.53 a. 1/4 b. 1/8 c. 1/2 d. 1/16
Given:
5B Ans. b. 1/8
7W
BINOMIAL PROBABILITY – probability that an event happens exactly ‘r’ times in ‘n’ trials

In this problem, two cases might happen: Formula: Pb = nCr p r q n − r

First Case: First ball is black and Second ball is white where: Pb = binomial probability
p = probability of success
5 7 35
Pblack and white = Pblack x Pwhite = x = q = probability of failure
12 11 132
Thus,
Second Case: First ball is white and Second ball is black n = 3 ; r = 3 ; p = 1/2 ; q = 1 – p = 1 – 1/2 = 1/2
3 3-3
7 5 35 Applying the formula: Pb = 3C3(1/2) (1/2) = 1/8
Pwhite and black = Pwhite x Pblack = x =
12 11 132
[31] A pack of cards contains 52 cards. Three cards are drawn from the pack, each card being returned to the
Thus, 35 35 pack before the next card is drawn. Determine the probability that all will be diamonds.
Pfirst case or second case = Pfirst case + Psecond case = + = 0.53 a. 1/16 b. 1/32 c. 1/64 d. 1/128
132 132
Ans. c. 1/64
Note: In probability, “OR” indicates ADDITION, white “AND” indicates MULTIPLICATION. n = 3 ; r = 3 ; p = 13/52 ; q = 1 – p = 1 – 13/52 = 3/4
3 3-3
Applying the formula: Pb = 3C3(13/52) (3/4) = 1/64
[32] The probability of getting a credit in an examination is 1/3. If three students are selected at random, what is Calculator Method:

(
the probability that at least one of the students got credit? Assume any value for differential of a point, say: x = 0.1
32 − 3* & |,-4.$ = −0.21374115
(*
a. 0.2963 b. 0.333 c. 0.667 d. 0.7037

Ans. d. 0.7037
Substitute the assumed differential of a point x = 0.1 to all the choices,
PROBABILITY OF “AT LEAS ONE” a. -0.01424941
b. -0.21374115
n
Formula: P = 1- q c. -0.21055872
d. +0.21055872
Where q is the probability of failure = 1 minus the probability of success
Therefore, letter B is the correct answer.

2 19 *+1 2
Solution:

 =1−  = [36] Obtain the derivative of the determinant of matrix 5 = 6 7
* *&
3 27 2
a. 3x + 2x – 2
2
b. 3x – 2x – 2
2
c. 3x + 2x + 2
2
d. 3x – 2 x + 2
Other Method: Using Binomial Probability
Solution:
 =  !"#  Solving first for the Determinant:

1 2 $ #$
1 2 & #&
1 
2 #
19 5 = * + 1* &  − 2* = *  + * & − 2*
 = 31     + 32     + 33     =
3 3 3 3 3 3 27
Taking the derivative with respect to x,

(5 (*  + * & − 2*
[33] The probabilities that 3 men A, B, and C hit a target are 1/6, 1/4, and 1/3, respectively. If each shoots once at
= = 3* & + 2* − 2
the target, what is the probability that exactly one of them hits the target?
a. 0.4306 b. 0.3560 c. 0.4526 d. 0.6531 (* (*

Ans. a. 0.4306 Calculator Method:

1 3 2 5 1 2 5 3 1 ( 
Solution: Assume any value for differential of a point, say: x = 2

=       +       +       = 0.4306 * + * & − 2*|,-& = 14
6 4 3 6 4 3 6 4 3 (*

Substitute the assumed differential of a point in all choices,

3 2 a. 14
[34] Find the first derivative of 2x – 5x + 1 at x = 4.
a. 32 b. 48 c. 56 d. 72 b. 6
c. 18
Solution: d. 10
Therefore, letter A is the correct answer.
() (2*  − 5* & + 1
= = 6* & − 10* + 0 = 64& − 104 = 56
(* (*
2 2
[37] Given: x – y + 2x = 0, determine dy/dx.
x +1 1 x −1 −1
Calculator Method: a. b. c. d.
x 2 + 2x x 2 + 2x x 2 + 2x x 2 + 2x
(
Note: No need to assume differential of a point since it was given already.
2*  − 5* & + 1|,-. = 56
(*
Solution:
By Implicit Differentiation:
[35] Find the derivative with respect to x of the function / = √ − 12
* & − ) & + 2* = 0
(* &  () &  (2* (0
− + =
− 2x 2 −3x −3x 3x
(* (* (* (*
a. b. c. d.
2*(* () (*
2 − 3x 2 2 − 3x 2 2 + 3x 2 2 + 3x 2
− 2) +2 =0
(* (* (*
Solution:

() (√2 − 3* &  1 (2 − 3* &  0 − 6* −3* ()

= = = = 2* − 2) +2=0
(* (* 2 √2 − 3* & (* 2 √2 − 3* & √2 − 3* & (*
 () = ;) = 2;<*
−2) = −2* − 2
(*

() −2* + 1
Differentiate both sides with respect to x,
= (;) (*
(* −2)
= 2;<
(* (*
() * + 1
= 89: ) = 3* & + 2* 1 ()
(* ) = 2;<
) (*
() *+1
= ()
(* √* & + 2* = 2;<) 89: ) = < &,
(*
()
= 2;<< &, 
By Explicit Differentiation:

(*
) = 3* & + 2*
()
() 1 (* & + 2* = 2< &, ;<
= (*
(* 2√* & + 2* (*

() 2* + 2
Calculator Method:
=
(* 2√* & + 2*
Assume any value for differential of a point say, x=4

() &,
< |,-. = 21723.61
() 2* + 1 (*
=
(* 2√* & + 2*
Then, substitute the assumed differential of a point in all choices,
() * + 1
=
(* √* & + 2*
a. 1329.48
b. 9.157839
c. 21723.61
By Calculator Method: d. 2658.978
Therefore, letter C is the correct answer.
Assumed any value for differential of a point say, x = 3

(
[39] What is the first derivative y’ of the expression (xy)x = e?
3* & + 2*|,- = 1.032795559
(*
−y(1 − ln xy) −y(1 + ln xy)
a. b. c. 0 d. y
x x x
Then, substitute the assumed differential of a point in all choices, Solution:
a. 1.032795559
b. 0.2581988897 Take ln both sides:
c. 0.5163977795
d. -0.2581988897 * ln*) = ;@ 89: ;@ = 1

*;*) = 1
Therefore, letter A is the correct answer.
2x
[38] Find the derivative of y with respect to x if y = π
(A*;*)B (1
2π 2x 2π Applying the derivative,
a. π
=
b. 2xlnπ c. 2π lnπ d. 2π
(* (*

(;*) (*
* + ln*) =0
Solution:

Take ln of both sides, (* (*

1 (*)
;) = ;< &, *  + ln*) = 0
*) (*
;) = 2*;<
1 () (*
C* +) D + ln *) = 0
) (* (*
*()
Take the derivative of the parameter or variable to be maximized or minimized with respect to the other variable,
+ ) = −)ln *)
(*
equate the derivative to zero and then solve for the unknown/s.

*()
= −) − );*)
(*
MAXIMA-MINIMA
[40] Divide 120 into two parts such that the product of one part and the square of the other is maximum. Find the

() −)E1 + ln *)F
smaller part.
=
(* *
a. 40 b. 35 c. 50 d. 45
Solution:

Calculator Method: Step 1:

Let x = one part
Expressing y in terms of x, 120 – x = the other part

*) , = @ Step 2:
Parameter is Product, P
$
A*) , = @B,
 = *120 − *&
, $
*), = @, Simplifying,

*) = @,
$
 = *14400 − 240* + * & )
$
@,  = 14400* − 240* & + * 
)=
*

Assume any value for differential of a point say, x = 2:

$
Step 3:
( @,
G H| = −0.6182704765
To maximize P, take the derivative of P with respect to x,
(* * ,-& ( (14400* (240* &  (*  
= − +
(* (* (* (*
(
Substitute first x = 2 as value of x,
$ $
@, @& = 14400 − 480* + 3* &
)= = = 0.8243606354 (*
* 2
(
I@: =0
(*
Then, substitute x = 2 and y = 0.8243606354 to all choices simultaneously:
a. -0.2060901588
b. -0.6182704765 0 = 14400 − 480* + 3* &
c. 0
d. 0.4121803177 (JKJ(@ 8=:ℎ MJ(@M =N :ℎ@ @!9O:J= 8) 3,
Therefore, letter B is the correct answer. * & − 160* + 4800 = 0

* − 40* − 120 = 0
MAXIMIMA-MINIMA PROBLEMS:
x = 40 ; x= 120
Steps in Solving Maxima-Minima Problems:
Therefore,
Step 1: x = 40 = smaller part
Draw the figure if applicable and assign variable/s based on the statement of the problem. x = 120 – 40 = 80 = greater part
Step 2:
Determine the exact “parameter” or “variable” to be maximized or minimized based on the statement of the
problem and then create working equation with respect to the other variable/s.

Step 3:
MAXIMA-MINIMA MAXIMA-MINIMA
[41] A box is to be constructed from a 20 inches by 20 inches piece of zinc by cutting equal squares from each [42] A closed box with a square base is to contain 252 ft3. The bottom costs $5 per square foot, the top costs $2
corner and turning up the zinc to form the sides. What is the volume of the largest box that can be so per square foot, and the sides cost $3 per square foot. Find the height of the box that will minimize the cost.
constructed? a. 5 ft b. 6 ft c. 7 ft d. 8 ft
3 3 3 3
a. 599.95 in b. 592.59 in c. 579.50 in d. 522.49 in
Solution: x
Step 1:
x x
x
Solution:

Step 1:
20 in y=?
V = 252 ft3
x
x
Step 2:
20 in
The parameter is Cost, C

 = 5* &  + 2* &  + 3*)4

 = 7* & + 12*)
But

Q = *&)
Step 2:
Parameter is the Volume, V

V = Length x Width x Height 252 = * & )

Q = 20 − 2*20 − 2** 252

)=
*&
Q = 400* − 80* + 4*
& 

Therefore,

252
Step 3:
 = 7* & + 12*  
Take the derivative of V with respect to x, *&

(Q (400* (80* &  (4*   3024

= − +  = 7* & +
(* (* (* (* *

(Q
= 400 − 160* + 12* &
Step 3:
(*

(Q
Take the derivative of C with respect to x,
I@: =0 ( 3024
(* = 14* − &
(* *
0 = 400 − 160* + 12* &
(
I@: =0
x = 10/3 in ; x = 10 in (*
3024
0 = 14* −
*&
Choose: x = 10/3 so as to maximize the material (maximum volume)

10 10 & 10  * = 6 N:
Solving for the Volume, V,

Q = 400   − 80   + 4  
3 3 3
252
)=
R = ST. ST U1 6&
) = 7 N:
MAXIMA-MINIMA MAXIMA-MINIMA
[43] A farmer wishes to fence a rectangular field of 10,000 ft2. The north-south fences will cost $1.5 per foot, [44] A printed page must contain 60 cm2 of printed material. There are to be margin of 5 cm on either side and
while the east-west fences will cost $6 per foot. Find the perimeter of the field that will maximize the cost. margins of 3 cm on the top and bottom. What is the length of the printed lines in order to minimize the amount of
a. 200 ft b. 250 ft c. 400 ft d. 500 ft paper?
a. 6 cm b. 8 cm c. 10 cm d. 12 cm
Solution: Solution:
Step 1:
Step 1: Let x = length of the printed lines
x
x 3 cm

A = 10,000 ft2 y A = 60 cm2 y

3 cm

Step 2:
Parameter is Cost, C
Therefore, Step 2: 5 cm 5 cm
 = 2*1.5 + 2)6 Parameter is Area, A

89:: W = *) Xℎ@@: W = 10,000 N: & Therefore,

W = * + 10) + 6
1000
Thus,
)= 89: 60 = *)
*
10,000 60
 = 2*1.5 + 2   6 )=
* *
120,000 60
 = 3* + W = * + 10  + 6
* *
600
W = 60 + + 6* + 60
*
Step 3:
Take the derivative of C with respect to x,

( 120,000 600
=3− W= + 6* + 120
(* *& *

(
I@: =0
(*
Step 3:

120,000
Take the derivative of A with respect to x,
0= 3− (W 600
*&
=− & +6+0
(* *
* = 200 N:
(W
10,000 I@: =0
)= = 50 N: (*
200
600
0=− +6+0
Therefore, *&

@JY@:@ = 2* + 2) = 2200 + 250 2 = ] _[ → aZb\c d^ \cZ e U\Zf aUZg

Z U[Z\Z = S]] ^\ 60
)= = 6 hY
10
MAXIMA-MINIMA Therefore:

Q = 2* + 3)
[45] The sum of two positive numbers is 10. Find the larger number if the product of square of one by the cube of

6
the other is to be maximum.
89: *) = 6 = * =
)
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

Solution: Thus,

6
Q = 2   + 3)
Step 1:
)

12
Let x = be the first number

Q= + 3)
10 – x = be the second number
)
Step 2:
Parameter is Product, P
Step 3:

 = 10 − *& *  
Therefore,
Take the derivative of V with respect to X

(Q 12
=− & +3
(* )
Simplifying,

 = 100*  − 20* . + * i
(Q
I@: =0
Step 3: (*
12
0=− +3
)&
Take the derivative of P with respect to x,

(
= 300* & − 80*  + 5* . )=2
(*

(
I@: =0
Thus,
(* 6
*= =3
0 = 300* & − 80*  + 5* . 2

(JKJ(@ 8=:ℎ MJ(@M =N :ℎ@ @!9O:J= 8) * & , Therefore,

0 = 300 − 80* + 5* & Q = 23 + 32

x = 10 ; x = 6 Q = 12

Therefore: TIME RATES PROBLEMS:

* = 6 → IOj@ 9Y8@ Steps in Solving Time Rates Problems:

10 − * = 10 − 6 = 4 → kYO;;@ 9Y8@
Step 1:
MAXIMA-MINIMA Draw the figure if applicable and assign variable/s based on the statement of the problem.
[46] If xy = 6, find the minimum value of 2x + 3y.
a. 9 b. 10 c. 12 d. 15 Step 2:
Based on the figure or statement of the problem, create or derive the working equation/s.
Solution:
Step 3:
Step 1: Take the derivative of the variable/s with respect to time ‘t’, substitute the given data and solve for the unknown/s.
x and y are the variables
Note: Sign Convention for the Rate:
Step 2: (+) if the rate is increasing
Parameter is the value, V (-) if the rate is decreasing
 TIME RATES
TIME RATES [48] The top of a 25-foot ladder, leaning against a vertical wall is slipping down the wall at the rate of 1 fps. How
[47] A balloon is rising vertically over point ‘A’ on the ground at the rate of 15 fps. A point ’B’ on the ground is fast is the bottom of the ladder slipping along the ground when the bottom of the ladder is 7 ft away from the base
level with and 30 ft from ‘A’, at what rate is its distance from B changing, if the balloon is 40 ft from of the wall?
A? a. 1.43 fps b. 2.43 fps c. 3.43 fps d. 4.43 fps
a. 10 fps b. 12 fps c. 8 fps d. 14 fps

Solution: Solution:
Step 1:
Step 1:

(*
= −1NM
x
(:
25 ft
y = 40 ft x

()
= +15NM
(:
Step 2:

A 30 ft B y
Step 2: From the figure,

From Pythagorean Theorem: By Pythagorean Theorem: Right Triangle

* & = ) & + 30& * & + ) & = 25&

Step 3: Step 3: Take the derivative with respect to time, t,

(* ()
2*   + 2)   = 0
(: (:
Take the derivative of x and y with respect to time t,
&
(* ()  (30 
& &
= +
(: (: (: When: y =7 ft

(* () * & + 7& = 25&

2*   = 2)   + 0
(: (:
()
x = 24
224−1 + 27  =0
* & = ) & + 30& (:
But:

* = √40& + 30& = 50 ft
() 24
= = 3.42857
Therefore, (: 7

(*
250   = 24015
(: TME RATES
3

f2
[49] Gas is escaping from a spherical balloon at the rate of 2 ft /min. How fast the surface is shrinking when the

= +^eg
radius is 12 ft?
f\ a. -1/3 ft2/min b. 1/4 ft2/min c. 3/4 ft2/min d. -3/5 ft2/min

Solution:

Step 1:

lm on p
= −2
ln qr"
Step 2 & 3: Step 2:
From volume formula of the Sphere,

4 
From the volume formula of a cylinder,
R= < < &
3 Q= 5 ℎ
4
Take the derivative with respect to time t,

(Q 4 (
Step 3:

= <3 &  

(: 3 (: Take the derivative of V with respect to time t,

4 ( (Q < & (ℎ
−2 = <312&   = 5
3 (: (: 4 (:

( < (ℎ
= −1.105524266*10# 314 = 20&   
(: 4 (:

(ℎ
= 0.999 ≈ 1 NY
(:
From the Surface Area Formula of the Sphere,

W = 4< &

Take the derivative with respect to time t, [51] A balloon is being inflated by pumped air at the rate of 2 cubic inches per second. How fast is the diameter of

(W (
the balloon increasing when the radius is 0.5 inch?

= 4<2  
a. 5.04 in/sec b. 1 in/sec c. 1.27 in/sec d. 1.75 in/sec
(: (:

(W
Solution:

= 4<212−1.10524266*10# 

(: Step 1: dV/dt = 2 cubic inches per second

(W 1 N: &
=−
(: 3 YJ
r = 0.5 in
dD/dt = ?
[50] A cylindrical tank of radius 10 feet is being filled with water at a rate of 314 cubic feet per minute. How fast is
the depth of water increasing?
a. 1 fpm b. 2 fpm c. 3 fpm d. 4 fpm Step 2:

Solution: From the volume formula of Sphere,

< 
Q= 5
dV/dt = 314 cubic feet per minute
6
Step 1:

r = 10 ft
Step 3,

Take the derivative of V with respect to time t,

(Q < (5
= 35&   
(: 6 (:

< (5
dh/dt = ? h
2= 31&  
6 (:

(5 J
= 1.27
(: M@h
TIME RATES [53] Find the ∫ (x+1)(x-1)dx
2 3 2 3
[52] A girl is flying a kite, which is at the height of 120 feet. The wind is carrying the kite horizontal away from the a. 1/2 x + x + C b. 1/3 x + x + C c. 1/2 x – x + C d. 1/3 x – x + C
girl at a speed of 10 feet per second. How fast must the kite string be let out when the string is 150 feet long?
a. 5 fps b. 6 fps c. 7 fps d. 8 fps [54] Find the ∫ x x dx
5/2 5/2 1/2 1/2
Solution: a. 2/5 x +C b. 5/2 x +C c. 2x +C d. 1/2 x +C
4
Step 1:
WIND [55] Find the ∫ 5sin xcosxdx
4 2 4 2 5 5
a. sin xcos x + C b. 5sin xcos x + C c. 5sin x + C d. sin x + C

[56] Find the ∫ cotx dx

dS/dt = ?
a. lnsinx + C b. –lnsinx + C c. lncosx + C d. –lncosx + C
S = 150 ft 120 ft 5 5
[57] What is the integral of 12sin xcos xdx if the lower limit is zero and the upper limit is π/2?
a. 0.2 b. 0.3 c. 0.4 d. 0.5
8
[58] What is the integral of (cos3x) dx if the lower limit is zero and the upper limit is π/6?
a. 27π/363 b. 35π/768 c. 23π/765 d. 12π/81
x 8
[59] What is the integral of x(x + 1) dx if the lower limit is zero and the upper limit is 1?
a. 23.76 b. 32.76 c. 45.52 d. 54.52
3
[60] What is the integral of x dx/(x + 1) if the lower limit is zero and the upper limit is 1?
a. 0.14 b. 0.28 c. 0.34 d. 0.38
2 2
[61] Find the area bounded by the parabolas x = y and y = x
Step 2: a. 1/3 b. 1/2 c. 2/3 d. 1

From Pythagorean Theorem, Vertical Strip Horizontal Strip

y
k = * + 120
y
& & & 2
x =y 2
x =y

Step 3:

Take the derivative of S and x with respect to time t,

(k (*
2
y2 = x y =x
2k = 2* +0
(: (:
yU-yL dy
xR-xL
dx
89: k = 150
x x

150& = * & + 120&

* = 90 N:

(k * & = ) O( ) & = *

Solving for Limits:
2150 = 29010
(:
&
t* & = √*u
*. = *
(k
= 6 NM * = 1
(: * = √1
p

Thus,
x = 1 and y = 1
Therefore:
Intersection Points: (0,0) and (1,1)

Limits for x: 0 to 1 ; Limits for y: 0 to 1

Vertical Strip Method:
Method: Vertical Strip Method:
Method:
,† ,†
W = ƒ )„ − )… (* W$/& = ƒ )„ − )… (*
,‡ ,‡

$
1 &
16
W = ƒ ˆ√* − * & ‰(* = = 0.3333333 M!. 9J:M W$ = ƒ 4 − * & (* =
4 3 & 4 3

16 32
W ‘’‘“…- *2 = = 10.67 M!. 9J:M
Horizontal Strip Method:
Method: 3 3
†
Horizontal Strip Method:
Method:
W = ƒ *Œ − *… (*
‡ †
W$/& = ƒ *Œ − *… (*
$
1 ‡
W = ƒ ˆ3) − ) & ‰(* = = 0.3333333 M!. 9J:M
3
16
4 .
W$/& = ƒ ˆ3) − 0‰(* =
2
[62] Find the area bounded by the parabolas x = y and the line y = 4. 4 3

16 32
a. 6.67 b. 8.67 c. 10.67 d. 12.67
W ‘’‘“…- *2 = = 10.67 M!. 9J:M
3 3
Horizontal Strip
Vertical Strip
y y
[63] Given the area in the first quadrant bounded by 3x + 4y – 12 = 0. What is the volume generated when the
2 2
x =y x =y area is revolved about the y-axis?
a. 8π b. 10π c. 12π d. 16π

y y

y= 4 y= 4
yU-yL dy
xR-xL (0,3)
dx (0,3)
x x

dy yU-yL
xR-xL
x x
(4,0) dx (4,0)

2 = / Žf / = 
Solving for Limits:

2 = 
2 = √
2= Cylindrical Shell
Cylindrical Disk
Thus,
x = 2 and y = 4
Therefore:
Intersection Points: (0,0) and (2,4)

Limits for x: 0 to 2 ; Limits for y: 0 to 4

 Differential Equation – it is an equation which contains at least one derivative. Sometimes, the differential
Cylindrical Disk Method: equation is expressed in terms of differential.

Recall: dy = The derivativeof y with respect to x

Q = < &ℎ
From: Volume Formula
dx
ds
= The derivative of s with respect to t
Formula: dt
dy = The differential of y
†
Q = ƒ <”Œ − ”… & ()
‡
dx = The differential of x
∂y

−4 &
= The partial derivative of y with respect to x
Q = ƒ < • ) + 4 − 0– () = 16< h98Jh 9J:M
∂x
4 3 ∂y = The partial derivative of y
∂x = The partial derivative of x
Cylindrical Shell Method:
dy
f '(x) = = y' = The first derivative of y with respect to x
dx
Q = 2<—˜™. ℎ:
From: Volume Formula
d2 y
= y" = y ( 2 ) = The sec ond derivative of y with respect to x
dx 2
Formula: d3 y
= y' ' ' = y ( 3 ) = The third derivative of y with respect to x
,†
dx 3
Q = ƒ 2< —˜™. š„ − š…  (* d4 y
,‡
= y ( 4 ) = The fourth derivative of y with respect to x
.
−3
dx 4
Q = ƒ 2< * • * + 3 − 0– (* = 16< h98Jh 9J:M
4
4 4 2
[65] Determine the order and degree of the differential equation 5x d y/ dx + 3x dy/dx - xsiny = 0
4
a. Fourth Order, First Degree b. Fourth Order, Second Degree
2 c. First Order, Fourth Degree d. Second Order, Fourth Degree
[64] Find the volume generated by the region bounded by the curve y = 12x and the line x = 3, rotated about the
line x = 3.
Ans. a. Fourth Order, First Degree
a. 161 b. 171 c. 181 d. 191
ORDER – It is the order of the highest-ordered derivative
DEGREE – It is the exponent of the power of the highest ordered derivative
y
Cylindrical Disk Method:
Thus,
d4 y dy
Q = < &ℎ
From: Volume Formula 5x + 3x 2 − x sin y = 0
For:
dx 4 dx
dy  d4 y 
Order = Fourth Order because  4  is the highest-ordered derivative.
Formula: XR-XL  dx 
x
†
Q = ƒ <”Œ − ”… & ()
1
 d4 y 
Degree = First Degree because  4  one is the exponent of the highest-ordered derivative.
‡
x=3  dx 
Solving for Limits: [66] Determine the order and degree of the differential equation
(4) 3 (3) 2
y + x y + x y’’ + x y’ + y = 0
2
y = 12x a. Fourth Order, First Degree b. Fourth Order, Second Degree
If x = 3 c. First Order, Fourth Degree d. Second Order, Fourth Degree
2
Then, y = 36
y=6 Ans. a. Fourth Order, First Degree
(4)
Therefore: Limits for y: 0 to 6 Order = Fourth Order because y is the highest-ordered derivative)
4 1

) & &
144
Degree = First Degree because (y( )) one is the exponent of the highest-ordered derivative)

Q$/& = ƒ < ›3 − œ () = < = 90.4779 h98Jh 9J:M
4 12 5

144 288
Q‘žn—Ÿ = <*2 = < = 180.9557 h98Jh 9J:M
5 5
[67] A bacteria culture grows exponentially so that the initial number has double in 3 hours. How many times the
initial number will be present after 9 hours? [69] The number of bacteria in a culture doubles every hour. How long does it takes for a thousand bacteria to
a. 6 b. 8 c. 10 d. 12 produce a billion?
a. 16.93 hr b. 17.93 hr
Ans. b. 8 c. 18.93 hr d. 19.93 hr

EXPONENTIAL CHANGES Consider Condition II : t = 3 ; S = 2 Ans. d. 19.93 hr

S = C 1e kt S = C 1e kt
Condition I : t = 0 ; S = 1,000
2 = (1)e k(3) Condition II : t = 1 ; S = 2,000
S = amount of the substance present 2 = e 3k Condition III : t = ? ; S = 1,000,000,000
k = constant of proportionality
ln2 = 3klne
If k>0, Exponential Growth
If k<0, Exponential Decay but lne = 1 Consider condition I : t = 0 ; S = 1,000
t = time ln2
k= S = C 1e kt
3
For prob. #23, 1000 = C 1e k ( 0 )
k = 0.23104906
1000 = C 1e 0
Condition I : t=0;S=1 C 1 = 1000
Condition II : t = 3 ; S = 2 Consider Condition III : t = 9 ; S = ?
Condition III : t = 9 ; S = ?
S = C 1e kt
Consider condition II : t = 1 ; S = 2,000
Consider condition I : t = 0 ; S = 1 S = (1)e 0.23104906( 9 ) S = C1e kt
S = C 1e kt S=8
2,000 = (1000)e k (1)
1 = C 1e k ( 0 ) 2,000
= e k (1)
1 = C 1e 0 1000
C1 = 1 ln 2 = k ln e
k = 0.69314718
[68] If a population is increasing exponentially at the rate of 2% per year. What will be the percentage increase Consider condition III : t = ? ; S =1,000,000,000
over a period of 10 years?
a. 19.9% b. 21.9% S = C1e kt
c. 23.9% d. 25.9%
1,000,000,00 = (1,000)e 0.69314718( t )
Ans. b. 21.9%  1,000,000,000 
ln  = 0.69314718 t ln e
 1,000 
Condition I : t = 0 ; S = 1 or 100% Consider condition III : t = 10 ; S =? t = 19.93 hrs
Condition II : t = 1 ; S = 1.02 102%
Condition III : t = 10 ; S = ? S = C 1e kt [70] A radioactive substance decreases from 8 grams to 7 grams in one hour. Find its half life.
S = (1)e 0.019802627(10 ) a. 4.19 hr b. 4.49 hr
S = 1.219 c. 4.89 hr d. 5.19 hr
Consider condition I : t = 0 ; S = 1 or 100%
S = C 1e kt Ans. d. 5.19 hr
1 = C 1e k ( 0 ) Therefore, Condition I : t = 0 ; S = 8 grams
1 = C 1e 0 1.219 - 1 Condition II : t = 1 ; S = 7 grams
% Increase = x100% Condition III : t = ? ; S = 4 grams (half of the original amount)
C1 = 1 1
% Increase = 21.9%
Note: HALF LIFE – It is the time required to decompose 1/2 of the original amount
Consider condition II : t = 1 ; S = 1.02 or 102%
S = C 1e kt Consider condition I : t = 0 ; S = 8 grams
1.02 = (1)e k (1) S = C 1e kt
ln 1.02 = k ln e 8 = C 1e k ( 0 )
k = ln 1.02 8 = C 1e 0
k = 0.019802627 C1 = 8
 [72] A thermometer reading 18˚F is brought into a room where the temperature is 70˚F; 1 minute later, the
Consider condition II : t = 1 ; S = 7 grams thermometer reading is 31˚F. Find the temperature reading 3 minutes after the thermometer is first brought
S = C 1e kt into the room.
a. 46˚F b. 48˚F
7 = (8)e k (1) c. 50˚F d. 52˚F
7
ln = k ln e Tb − 70 = −52e kt
8 Ans. b. 48˚F
k = −0.133531392 T b − Tm = C1e kt @ t = 1 , Tb = 31° F
where Tm = 70° F 31 − 70 = −52e k (1)
Consider condition III : t = half life ; S = 4 grams
Tb − 70 = C1e kt Equation #1 − 39 = −52e k
S = C 1e kt @ t = 0, Tb = 18° F  − 39 
4 = (8)e − 0.133531392( t )
ln  = k ln e
18 - 70 = C1e k ( 0)  − 52 
4
ln = −0.133531392 t ln e k = −0.287682072
8 − 52 = C1e 0
t = 5.19 hrs @ t = 3 , Tb = ?
C1 = −52 Substitute in Equation #1
kt
[71] An object cools from 120˚F to 95˚F in half an hour, when surrounded by air whose temperature is 70˚F. Find Tb − 70 = C1 e
the temperature at the end of another half an hour.
a. 78.5˚F b. 80˚F Tb = −52e − 0.287682072( 3) + 70
c. 82.5˚F d. 85˚F Tb = 48° F
Ans. c. 82.5˚F
CALCULATOR: COMPLEX MODE

[73] Simplify: (5 + 3i) + (6 – 3i )(4 + 2i)

NEWTON’S LAW OF COOLING a. 35 + 3i b. 35 - 3i c. 20 + 6i d. 20 – 6i
The rate at which the temperature of the body changes with time is directly proportional to the difference between
the temperature of the body and the surrounding medium. [74] Simplify: (8 + 6i) / (4 – 2i)
Tb − Tm = C1e
kt a. 1 – 2i b. 1 + 3i c. 1 + 2i d. 3i
Tb = temperature of the body
2 3
Tm = temperature of the surrounding medium (constant) where Tm = 70°F [75] Simplify: (5 + 6i) – (20 -2i)
t = time Tb − 70 = C1e
kt
Equation #1
a. 7,771 + 2,452i b. -7,771 + 2452i c. 6,661 + 1432i d. -6,666 +1256i
k = constant of proportionality
@ t = 0, Tb = 120°F [76] The expression 3 + 4i is a complex number. Find the absolute value.
kt 120 - 70 = C1e k ( 0 ) a. 4 b. 3 c. 5 d. 6
Tb − Tm = C1e 50 = C1e 0
[77] What is the conjugate of a complex number 3 + 4i?
C1 = 50 Substitute in Equation #1 a. 3 – 4i b. 4 + 3i c. 4 – 3i d. 4i
kt
Tb − 70 = 50e 29 21
@ t = 0.5 , Tb = 95°F
[78] Simplify: i + i +i
a. 3i b. 7i c. 2i d. i
k ( 0.5 )
95 − 70 = 50e
2
25 0.5 k
[79] Simplify: (3 – i) – 7(3 – i) + 10
=e a. -3 – i b. 3 + i c. -3 + i d. 9i
50
 25  5
ln  = 0.5k ln e [80] Find the value of (1 + i)
 50  a. 4 + 4i b. -4 – 4i c. 3 + 2i d. 3 – 2i
k = −1.386294361
9
@ t = 1 (0.5 hr + 0.5 hr) , Tb = ? [81] Determine the value of (2 – i)
kt
a. -718 + 1,199i b. 718 – 1,199i c. 1,999 + 718i d. 1,999 – 718i
Tb − 70 = C1e
3
Tb = 50e −1.386294361(1) + 70 [82] What is the value of (4 + 8i) divided by i ?
Tb = 82.5°F a. 8 + 4i b. -8 + 4i c. 9 + 2i d. 2i
[83] What is the polar form of 35 + 3i?
a. 35.128L4.899° b. 6L45.128° c. 3L25.128° d. 4L50.128°
[93] Determine the inverse of Matrix C if − 3 6 − 11
[84] What is the complex form of 5L20° Matrix C =  3 − 4 6 
a. 3.698 + 2.71i b. 4.698 + 7.21 c. 4.698 + 1.71i d. 2.567 + 2i  4 − 8 13 

[85] Simplify into complex form: 5L20° + 8L10° 0.4 − 1 0.8  0.4 1 − 0.8  − 0.4 1 0.8  − 0.4 1 − 0.8 
       
a. 12.57 + 3.099i b. 21.75 + 3.909i c. 52.17 + 3.099i d. none of these a. 1.5 − 0.5 1.5  b. 1.5 0.5 1.5  c.  − 1.5 0.5 0.5  d.  − 1.5 0.5 − 1.5 
0.8 0 .0.6 0.8 0 − .0.6  − 0.8 0 .0.6  − 0.8 0 − .0.6
[86] Simplify: 20L30° times 10L20°
a. 20L50° b. 200L50° c. 100L30° d. 30L60°
For Problems 94 to 98:
[87] Simplify: 20L30° divided by 10L20°.  − 1 2 1  3 −2 5 
a. 2L50° b. 2L60° c. 2L10° d. 2L30° Given: Matrix A and Matrix B A = − 3 3 4 B = − 4 1 6 
4
− 2 2 3  2 0 − 3
[88] Find the value of (5L15°) .
a. 625L30° b. 625L45° c. 625L65° d. 625L60° [94] Determine the determinant of Matrix B.
a. -19 b. 91 c. 25 d. 101

CALCULATOR: MATRIX MODE [95] Determine the sum of matrices A + 2B.

 5 2 11  5 − 2 11  − 4 2 11  15 2 11

 1 2 a. − 11 5 4  b. − 11 5 16  c.  − 7 8 4  d. − 16 5 4 
− 1 0 3
[89] Multiply Matrix A =  4 0 by Matrix B =  
       
 2 − 4 1  2 3 16  2 2 − 3  − 9 2 3   2 2 5 
− 2 5
4 −8 5   3 −8 5   − 3 8 − 5 5 4 7 [96] Determine the product of Matrix A and Matrix B
 11   12   0 12 
a. − 7 2 b. − 4 0 c.  4 d.  7 1 17
 15 − 20 − 1  12 − 20 − 1  12 20 1  19 − 2 3 
− 4 2 11  −9 4 4   7 10 10 
a. − 7 8 4  b. − 13 9 − 9 c. − 11 7 18  d. none of these
 2 − 1      
[90] Multiply Matrix C =   by 3  − 9 2 3   4 2 − 7
− 5 3   − 8 6 − 7
 6 − 3  5 − 2 6 4  − 1 5 
a.   b.   c.   d.   [97] What is the value of 3A – B?
− 15 9  − 12 7  1 10  0 − 8
− 6 8 − 2  − 6 8 − 2 − 6 8 2  6 8 2 
2 − 1 6  a.  − 5 8 6  b.  5 8 6  c.  5 8 6 d. 5 8 6 
        
[91] Obtain the determinant of Matrix B = 5 0 1 − 8 6 12  − 8 6 12 8 6 12
 − 8 6 12 
3 2 4 
a. -73 b. 37 c. 73 d. -37
[98] Determine the transpose of Matrix A.
5 7 4
[92] What is the transpose of Matrix A =    − 1 9 − 4 − 6 9 − 2  − 1 − 3 − 2
d. 
8 9 3 1 3 − 2
a.   b.   c. 2
− 2 6 − 8  5 4 6 3 2  
− 5 8   5 8  7 9  2 3 2
a.   b.   c.   − 8 6 7  − 8 6 12   1 3 
d. none of these − 1 4 3 
4
 7 − 9  7 9  5 8
 4 − 3 4 3 4 3 CALCULATOR: VECTOR MODE

[99] What is the dot product (A ● B) of the vectors A = 8i – 4j + 5k and B = i + 3j – 2k?

a. -22 b. -14 c. 9i + j + 3k d. 9i – j + 3k

[100] What is the cross product (or vector product) A x B of the vectors A and B?
if A = 3i – 4j – 2k and B = i – 2j – 2k
a. -12 b. +16 c. 4i – 4j +2k d. 4i + 4j – 2k