GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BHARUCH

A report on

ADVANCED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING – 2A
B.E. III, Semester - V
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Group

SR NO NAME OF STUDENT ENROLLMENT NO.

1 Chaursiya Vijay 180140111016

2 Mishra Shivam 180140111045

3 Patel Jhanvi 180140111062

4 Ramchiary Philips 180140111084

5 Rana Anjali 180140111085

Internal guide:
Prof. Devendra R. Patel
G.E.C. Bharuch
Prof. Kunjal Tandel
Head of Department
ACADEMIC YEAR (2020-21)
 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BHARUCH
October-2020

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS &COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Report entitled “ADVANCED TRAFFIC CONTROL
SYSTEM” has been carried out by Chaursiya Vijay(180140111016),Mishra
Shivam(180140111045),Patel Jhanvi(180140111062),Rana Anjali(180140111085),
Ramchiary Philips(180140111084)following students under my guidance in
fulfillment of the term work of Bachelor of Engineering in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION 5th Semester of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad during the academic year 2020-2021.

Guided by: Head of Department:

Prof. Devendra R. Patel Prof. Kunjal Tandel

Date: / /
ID-258041 ADVANCED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

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ABSTRACT
Improved traffic management and control systems are widely reported to be cost-
effective investments. Simply retiming signals can provide significant benefits by
reducing vehicle stops, travel times, and fuel consumption. The installation of advanced
traffic control system can provide even greater savings. However, many hardware and
software obstacles have impeded the actual implementation of advanced traffic control
systems. The general hardware and software limitations of current traffic signal control
technology are reviewed. The impact of these deficiencies is discussed in the context
of three example applications. Based on this discussion, the paper identifies several
computing issues that should be addressed in order to reduce the effort involved with
integrating existing traffic control devices. Adoption of software engineering models
are recommended.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to extend our sincerest of thanks to our internal guide Mr. Devendra R.
Patel for their useful guidance for our project. He helped us quite for project and report.

This movement asks for a token of gratitude to them for giving us this opportunity to
undertake a project firm. Our heartiest of thank to you sir.

Special thanks to our HOD sir Mr. Kunjal Tandel and our project in charge Mr.
Devendra R. Patel for opening up a new way of seeing things and doing project.

Chaursiya Vijay 180140111016

Mishra Shivam 180140111045

Patel Jhanvi 180140111062

Ramchiary Philips 180140111084

Rana Anjali 180140111085

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE ............................................................................................................ I

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ....................................................................... i

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ 1

LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... 3

Chapter 1 ...................................................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2 ...................................................................................................................... 6

EMPATHY MAPPING ................................................................................................... 6

Story Boarding ........................................................................................................ 8
USER ........................................................................................................................ 8
Activities ................................................................................................................. 8
Stakeholders ........................................................................................................... 8
Chapter 3 ...................................................................................................................... 9

IDEATION .................................................................................................................... 9
People ..................................................................................................................... 9
Activities ................................................................................................................. 9
Location .................................................................................................................. 9
Equipment .............................................................................................................. 9
Chapter 4 .................................................................................................................... 11

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS .......................................................................... 11

Purpose ................................................................................................................. 12
Product Function .................................................................................................. 12
Product Feature .................................................................................................... 12
Components ......................................................................................................... 12
Customer Revalidation ......................................................................................... 12
Redesign ............................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 5 .................................................................................................................... 13

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AEIOU CANVAS ......................................................................................................... 13

Activities ............................................................................................................... 13
Environment ......................................................................................................... 13
Interactions ........................................................................................................... 13
Objects .................................................................................................................. 13
Users ..................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 6 .................................................................................................................... 15

MIND MAPPING ....................................................................................................... 15

Chapter 7 .................................................................................................................... 16

LEARNINGS NEED MATRIX ....................................................................................... 16

Chapter 8 .................................................................................................................... 19

PROTOTYPE .............................................................................................................. 19
Chapter 9 .................................................................................................................... 21

RESAECH PAPER SUMMARY ..................................................................................... 21

Chapter 10 .................................................................................................................. 23

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................ 23
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 24

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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE: 2-1. EMPATHY CANVAS 7
FIGURE: 3-1. IDEATION CANVAS 10
FIGURE: 4-1. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS 11
FIGURE: 5-1. AEIOU CANVAS 14
FIGURE: 6-1. MIND MAPPING 15
FIGURE: 7-1. LEARNINGS NEED MATRIX 16
FIGURE: 8-1. PROTOTYPE 20

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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
There are various kinds of Arduino boards are available depending on different
microcontrollers used, however, most common versions are Arduino Uno and
Arduino Mega. However, all Arduino boards have one thing in common: they are
programed through the Arduino IDE. If you are planning to create a project relating
to digital electronics, embedded system, robotics, or IoT, then using Arduino Uno
would be the best, easy and most economical option. It consists of a circuit board,
which can be programed and a ready-made software called Arduino IDE, which is
used to write and upload the computer code to the physical board. Arduino boards are
able to read analog or digital input signals from different sensors and turn it into an
output such as activating a motor, turning LED on/off, connect to the cloud and many
other actions. You can control your board functions by sending a set of instructions
to the microcontroller on the board via Arduino IDE. The Arduino IDE uses a
simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.

Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer. Arduino
Uno comes with 6 analog input pins, 14 I/O digital ports that are used to connect with
external electronic circuits. Out of 14 I/O ports, 6 pins can be used for PWM output.
USB port is added on the board to develop serial communication with the computer.
It is an open source platform where anyone can modify and optimize the board based
on the number of instructions and task they want to achieve. The function of the
voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino board and stabilize the
DC voltages used by the processor and other elements. The AVR microcontroller
Atmega328 laid out on the base comes with built-in boot loader that sets you free from
using a separate burner to upload the program on the board.

Traffic is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. The
movement typically occurs along a specific facility or pathway that can be called a
guide way. It may be a physical guide way, as in the case of a railroad, or it may be
an agreed-upon or designated route, marked either electronically (as in aviation) or
geographically (as in the maritime industry). Movement—excepting pedestrian
movement, which only requires human power—involves a vehicle of some type that
can serve for people, goods, or both. Vehicle types, often referred to as modes of
transportation, can be broadly characterized as road, rail, air, and maritime (i.e., water-
based).

Traffic evolves because of a need to move people and goods from one location to
another. As such, the movement is initiated because of decisions made by people to
transport themselves or others from one location to another to participate in activities
at that second location or to move goods to a location where they have higher value.
Traffic flows thus differ fundamentally from other areas of engineering and the
physical sciences (such as the movement of electrons in a wire), because they are
primarily governed and determined by laws of human behaviour. While physical
attributes are critical in the operation of all modes (e.g., to keep airplanes in the air),

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the demand or need to travel that gives rise to traffic is derived from the desire to
change locations.

One of the principal challenges in traffic control is to accommodate the traffic in a

safe and efficient way. Efficiency can be thought of as a measure of movement levels
relative to the objectives for a particular transportation system and the finances
required for its operation. For example, a railroad can be thought of as efficient if it
can accommodate the travel requirements of its customers at the least cost. It will be
thought of as inefficient if an alternative (e.g., a trucking service) can also meet
customer needs but at a lower cost.

Safety, the management of traffic to reduce or eliminate accidents, is the other critical
reason for traffic control. An airline pilot needs to be warned of high winds at the
destination airport just as an automobile driver needs to be warned of a dangerous
curve or intersection ahead. Traffic control has as its principal objective to manage
the movement of people and goods as efficiently and safely as possible. The dual
objectives, however, frequently conflict or, at least, compete. For example, there are
frequent cases in which commercial airlines are held on the ground at their originating
airport until they receive a clearance to land at a destination. The clearance is given
only when the destination airport determines that the number of airplanes expected to
arrive at a particular time is small enough that local air traffic controllers can assist
the plane in landing without overtaxing their human limitations and compromising
safety.

In road traffic, intersections with traffic lights (i.e., green, amber, and red indications)
will often add a separate lane with a lighted green arrow to allow left turns with no
opposing traffic. This frequently results in longer non green periods at the intersection,
causing an increased delay and a reduction in efficiency and mobility. Traffic control
will always be burdened with seeking to satisfy the frequently conflicting goals of
safety and mobility.

Safety is not the exclusive concern of the traffic control community. Nearly every
transportation mode has organizations that regulate operators through a series of
licensing procedures, sanctions for inappropriate operating practices, and
requirements for continuing training to retain certification to operate. Examples
include federal aviation authorities that oversee pilot training (e.g., the U.S. Federal
Aviation Administration); road agencies that administer driver’s licenses may exist at
the provincial level (as in Canada) or at the national level (as is more common in
Europe). Transportation safety management is thus accomplished through a complex
set of interactions between different agencies at different levels (e.g., national,
regional or state, and local) using both formal legal requirements and administrative
actions. The following discussion will necessarily focus on safety concerns.

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Chapter 2
EMPATHY MAPPING
Understanding the problem of society is one of the biggest challenges for engineering
student as till now they were making project on imaginary ideas. So this canvas was
based on understanding the domains of the problem in broader sense which emphasized
on interacting with the people of our domain area which included more of casual talk
rather than technical session. It focused on making people comfortable in discussing
their problem with us. And this activity was named as Story boarding canvassing.

To define any User centric problem we need to know the user properly. That was what
this canvas was all about. We thought of so many workers about wireless monitoring
but wanted to go for some workers that mostly remain untouched by technology but
are larger in number. They cover a large mass but are least touched with technology.

After that the next portion was stakeholders, who are the workers that directly or
indirectly make an impact. After thinking we got so some names.

„Activities‟ was the next portion, in which we had to include the activities that we had
done to obtain information about the topic.

Last and the most interesting part was the „Story Boards‟ which can be called the board
of emotions. It helped us understand the feeling of the worker when he work in a
particular situation in a workshop, that when we build anything for anyone, the purpose
and emotion behind that are equally important. So many stories were striking to our
minds related to the four hacksaw blade and we drafted the given four. As we were
focused on people’s emotion we wrote happy and sad story.

With the help of Infra-Red sensors along with major components Arduino and LEDs
which are used for controlling traffic signals based on the density of the traffic. The
signal timing changes automatically by sensing the traffic density at every junction
accordingly to the density of traffic.

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FIGURE: 2-1. EMPATHY CANVAS

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Story Boarding
1. HAPPY: Using our model people will get relief from traffic with the help of our
project with the crowd of the vehicle where is more, will get green signal and they
can easily get pass away.
2. HAPPY: Raghuveer joined Amazon as a delivery boy and his first work was to
deliver the home appliance. Due to the good condition of the highways, he was
able to travel the distance in short period of time and safety. He got appreciation
for his on time delivery.

3. SAD: One day my family was going to attend the marriage function but I met with
the traffic on the middle of the road and we all stuck in that traffic and became late
for the marriage function.

4. SAD: Traffic signals are not working properly so due to it accidents occurs and
there is a long way of traffic jam.

USER
1. Traffic Police
2. Driver
3. Public

Activities
1. IR Sensing
2. Location tracking
3. Identification

Stakeholders
1. Police agencies
2. Local traffic management agencies
3. Traffic Police

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Chapter 3
IDEATION
Engineering is after all about helping people through technological solutions, making
processes simpler and less cumbersome. We thought about how workers had to take
care in different working conditions. Then arrived the next portion of finding possible
solutions. Here we had to list all the ways in which the problems of workers could be
solved.

After then we have to create “The Ideation Canvas”. We described activities of people
and situations or locations where they are facing problems in daily life. The basic
purpose of our project is to reduce the traffic collisions, here we used Arduino uno
circuit interfaced with GPS tracking units and video recorder to controlling the traffic
signals by analyzing traffic congestion. This canvas is very helpful to make idea about
our project.

People
1. Students
2. Traffic Police
3. Labour

Activities
We have taken information of our topic from the internet. We have also taken help
& guidance from our faculty members and our seniors. After then we have collected
material related to our topic. We have collected all the necessary information related
our topic and we have go through it.

Location
1. Near Hospitals
2. Near Markets
3. Near Crowded areas
4. Near Petrol pump

Equipment
1.Traffic Signal

2.Crowd sensing Device

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3.Arduino

4.Infrared sensor

FIGURE: 3-1. IDEATION CANVAS

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Chapter 4
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS
Product development is the third canvas after the ideation. The basic purpose of the
product development is to understand the product and execute the project as planned.
IR Sensors is interfaced with the Arduino will be installed at the traffic signals, the
congestion occurred by the vehicles at traffic signal is captured by infrared rays and
then information is sent to the control room to manipulate the signals.

What is the purpose?

Who is the user?

What are the features?

What are the functions? What are the components?

FIGURE: 4-1. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

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Purpose
1. Less consumption of fuels
2. Traffic Management
3. Saves time

Product Function
1. Arduino
2. Control Traffic signal timing

Product Feature
1. For better traffic control
2. Saves fuel
3. Time Management

Components
1. Computer
2. Density detection Sensor
3. Infrared Sensor
4. LED display
5. Arduino

Customer Revalidation
1. To decrease Traffic
2. To decrease accidents
3. To decrease the waiting time

Redesign
1. Sensors
2. Arduino setup
3. Nut bolts
4. Cleanness

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Chapter 5
AEIOU CANVAS
In the AEIOU framework we figured out the basic activities that Arduino Uno
microcontroller can perform, along with the operations it will perform in our project.
Arduino can perform the activities like regulating the light intensity, weather
forecasting speed detection and IR Sensing. Environment canvas explains about the
scene that will be present at the site of our project. Interaction canvas informs about
the interactions that take place at the junction roads which is between Traffic Police
and offenders and drivers etc. In objects canvas we prepared a list of components that
will be required to implement our project. We will require an Arduino Uno kit,
memory, IR sensors and Video camera. User’s canvas is about beneficiaries from our
project like hospitals, educational institutes etc.

Activities
1. Crowd density detection
2. Optimize between situation
3. IR sensing

Environment
1. Programming mode
2. Digital

Interactions
1. Traffic Police
2. Vendors
3. Offenders
4. Common people

Objects
1. Arduino uno kit
2. Traffic signal
3. Crowd Detection Sensor

Users
1. Employees
2. Students
3. Hospitals

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4. Companies

FIGURE: 5-1. AEIOU CANVAS

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Chapter 6
MIND MAPPING
In mind mapping canvas we presented the basic classification of our controller. Here
we have described the main idea and working of our project, its applications,
advantages and disadvantages and components present in it.

FIGURE: 6-1. MIND MAPPING

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Chapter 7
LEARNINGS NEED MATRIX
In semester III we took survey and came across problems faced by people. After the
problem was diagnosed we came up with the solution so that the problem is solved.
The observation results are mentioned in A.E.I.O.U. and other canvas.
In semester IV, we selected the topic for “Reverse engineering” named “Advanced
Traffic Control System”. We observed the working modules of our components and
listed their functions and necessary observation in this canvas.

FIGURE: 7-1. LEARNINGS NEED MATRIX

7.1.1 Domain of Skill-sets to be learned:

The purpose and product concept is to give accommodation for the better life style and
amenities with lots of salient features.
● Traffic control
● Decrease waiting time in traffic
● Arduino UNO
● Atmel studio

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7.1.2 Theories/Method/Application Process involved:

A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something especially one based
on general principle independent of the thing to be explained.
Stage: 1
Observation
Stage: 2
Try experiments
Stage: 3
Final result

7.1.3 Application standard & Design specification:

Design specification is detailed document providing information about the
characteristics of a project to set criteria the developers will need to meet.
Stage: 1
Site survey, Analysis of standard
Stage: 2
Take result
Stage: 3
Apply on site

7.1.4 Component materials & strength criteria:

A part or element of larger whole especially of part of machine. An assembly plant for
imported component.
Stage: 1
Traffic areas
Stage: 2
Analysed the circuit & make it better to work
Stage: 3
Done some test with our model

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7.1.5 Software/tools/simulation/skill:
Component software or simply software, is a part of computer system that consist of
data or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the
system is built.
Stage: 1
Microcontroller
Stage: 2
Using Atmel studio software to design

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Chapter 8
PROTOTYPE
Advantages

• Advanced Traffic Control signals provide an orderly movement of traffic.

• It helps in reducing the frequency of an accidents.
• It helps to reduce the blockages of roads due to heavy traffic.
• It helps to reduce the delay in the quick movement of traffic.

Disadvantages

• It consume more money for installment.

• Cost of advanced traffic control system is more than a more normal traffic
signals.

Applications

• It can be installed in Traffic zone. So, traffic in the area can be controlled
without putting any extra efforts by traffic police.
• It reduces, traffic congestion by improving the time management.

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FIGURE: 8-1. PROTOTYPE

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Chapter 9
RESAECH PAPER SUMMARY
Automatic Intelligent Traffic Control System:

Harsh Singh Chauhan, Devesh Tiwari, Devashish

Density Based Signal Management in Traffic System with emergency override shows
how the Traffic Light Signal control, including with the implement of Emergency
vehicle get passed through signals. The acquired data from IR Sensors reschedule the
traffic light timing according to the traffic condition for low or high density road traffic.
If the density of the road traffic is high then Maximum density of traffic will allow
maximum default timing for traffic lights. Minimum density of traffic will allow traffic
with minimum timing for traffic lights. If the traffic rate on both side is Equal or gap
within traffic then according to arrival time traffic light signal set to minimized.
Emergency Override can be done by Bluetooth device which keeps green signal on till
the vehicle get passed up through signals. A pedestrian can cross the road by turning
the switch on in the case of emergency. The designed system is implemented, realized
electronically, and tested to ensure complete validation of its operations and functions.
The current design can be promoted by monitoring and controlling an intersection with
double roads. Future improvements can be added such as pedestrian crossing button,
delay timing displays, as well as car accident and failure modes. The integration of
different traffic controllers at several junctions will be investigated in the future in order
to accomplish a complete synchronization. To study the system performance, traffic
data can be recorded and downloaded to computer platform where statistical data
analysis studies could be applied to better understand the traffic flows between the
intersections. Finally, traffic light controller could be powered by solar power panels to
reduce grid electricity consumption and realize green energy operations.

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Density Based Intelligent Traffic Control System Using IR Sensors:

Er. Pramod Sharma, Akanksha Mishra, Kaumudi Singh

A traffic light system had been designed and developed with proper integration of both
the hardware and the software. The infra-red sensors were interfaced with the
microcontroller. This interface is synchronized with the whole process of the traffic
system. For this project, the knowledge of sequential systems, electrical and electronics
applications had been proven. Automatically, this project could be programmed in any
way to control the traffic light model and will be useful for planning road system.

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Chapter 10
CONCLUSION
From our topic we conclude that it will easy to manage traffic jam. An infrared
sensor is used that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR
sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion. The sensors
used in this project IR and photo diodes are in line of sight configuration across the
loads to detect the density at the traffic signal. The density of these vehicles is
measured in three zones i.e., low, medium and high, respectively – based on certain
time duration allotted at respective zones, accordingly.

With field application of this technology the maddening chaos of traffic can be
effectively channelized by distributing the time slots based on the merit of the vehicle
load in certain lanes of multi junction crossing.

The hardware component of our project and the actual functionalities will not have
any potential influence to others’ safety as we did not use any hazardous units or
components in our hardware design. We have also stated the entire process of the
designing phase in our report and clearly stated the issues within our current design
in this report. Moreover, we have provided certain degree of insights into how we can
potentially resolve this issue, which serves as the source for further improvement. Last
but not least, this project is also implemented from the perspective of promoting it to
be an open-source project, which welcomes anyone interested to modify and upgrade
the features with no intentions of discriminations or exclusions.

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REFERENCES
Website
[1] www.en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Traffic_Management_System
[2] www.trafiksol.com/advanced-traffic-management-system

[3] www.electronicshub.com/microcontroller/projects/Advancedtraffic/managem
ent-system.

[4] www.edgefx.in/how-traffic-light-control-system-works-elprocus/

[5] Automatic Intelligent Traffic Control System: Harsh Singh Chauhan, Devesh
Tiwari, Devashish

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