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Types of Disabilities

This document discusses different types of disabilities including learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, physical disabilities, vision disabilities, and hearing disabilities. [1] Learning disabilities affect areas like reading, writing, and math. [2] Intellectual disabilities are characterized by impaired mental capacity and difficulties learning and adapting. [3] Physical, vision, and hearing disabilities can be temporary or permanent and result from various causes such as illness, injury, or genetic conditions.

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202 views3 pages

Types of Disabilities

This document discusses different types of disabilities including learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, physical disabilities, vision disabilities, and hearing disabilities. [1] Learning disabilities affect areas like reading, writing, and math. [2] Intellectual disabilities are characterized by impaired mental capacity and difficulties learning and adapting. [3] Physical, vision, and hearing disabilities can be temporary or permanent and result from various causes such as illness, injury, or genetic conditions.

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Azer Cafino
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TYPES OF DISABILITIES

Learning Disabilities

- (Wadsworth, 2008) is a classification that includes several areas of functioning in which person
has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor/s.

- is used it describes a group of disorders characterized by inadequate development of specific


language and speech skills.

- affects academic learning such as learning, writing and math.

Types of Learning Disabilities

• Dyslexia(Writing Disability) - struggle with the motor skills necessary to write thoughts on
paper.

• Dysgraphia(Reading Disability) - struggle to undersatand what they read as well as develop


vocabulary at a slower rate.

• Dyscalculia(Mathematics Disability) - difficulties with math calculations and math reasoning.

Intellectual Disabilities

- is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by impairment of mental capacity.

• Formely known as Mental Retardation. Mental Retardation also replaces the term Mongoloid
or Mongolism(a medical term to describe a person with Down).

- Children with this kind of disability


> struggle to learn and to adapt with their environment since their mental capacity do not
match with their chronological age.
> it is hard for them to learn complex and abstract ideas.
> develop slowly than their peers.
> learning to sit, crawl, walk and talk are delayed.
> they can acquire new skills, but it will take time before they can master it.
The Onset is between 0 to 18 years of age.
Classification of Intellectual Disability

A. Mild Mental Retardation

- IQ level 50 - 55 to approximately 70
- They can acquire academic skills until sixth-grade level.
- They can support
B. Moderate Mental Retardation

- IQ level 35 - 40 to 50 - 55
- Can be trained in self-help skills such as dressing, feeding, toileting, social adjustment at home
and to neighborhood to some degree of academic usefulness.

C. Severe Mental Retardation

- IQ level 20 - 25 to 35 - 40
- They can master the basic self-help skills and some communication skills

D. Profound Mental Retardation

- IQ level below 20 - 25
- Result in severe limitations in self-care and communication.

Physical Disabilities

- may affect either temporarily or permanently, a person's physical capacity and/or mobility

- there are may different causes of physical disabilities but they can include inherited or genetic
disorders, serious illness, and injury

• Cerebral palsy - is typically due to an injury to the developing brain before or during birth,
caused by a reduced blood supply and lack of oxygen to the brain. Progressive conditions
characterized by abnormal motor control posture resulting from brain insult or injuries
occurring in the peri - natal, neo - natal or infant period of development.

Vision Disability

- is defined as a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problem not fixable by usual
means, such as glasses.

- can be due to disease, trauma or congenital.

• Common causes of vision loss include:


>Cataracts (cloudy vision – treatable)
>Diabetes (progressive blindness)
>Glaucoma (loss of peripheral vision)
>Macular Degeneration (blurred central vision)
>Retinal Detachment (loss of vision)
>Retinitis Pigmentosa (progressive blindness)
Hearing Disability

- Is a partial or total inability to hear. Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears.

“Deaf” describes an individual who has severe to profound hearing loss.

“Deafened” describes an individual who has acquired a hearing loss in adulthood.

“DeafBlind” describes an individual who has both a sight and hearing loss.

“Hard of Hearing” describes an individual who uses their residual hearing and speech to
communicate.

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