Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

7 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

4th QUARTER – Module 7:

MEASURE OF VARIABILITY

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 7: Measure of Variability
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Asuncion B. Cruz
Editors: Anthony S. Ramillano
Francis Michael E. Francisco
Layout Artist: Abdurauf J. Baldomero
Reviewers: EPS, Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
Principal Salvador C. Bucoy, LMD
Management Team: SDS Roy C. Tuballa, EMD, JD, CESO VI
ASDS Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
ASDS Norma T. Francisco, DM, CESE
EPS Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
EPS LRMS Aida F. Coyme, Ed. D.

Printed in the Philippines

Department of Education – Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Office Address: Tiguma, Airport Road, Pagadian City
Telefax: (062) – 215 – 3751; 991 – 5975
E-mail Address: region9@deped.gov.ph

1
Introductory Message
This Self – Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you can proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your
teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you
need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully
before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module is an aid in the basic statistics lesson of the fourth quarter grade 7
mathematics. The module follows an approach to computational statistics supported by
examples and exercises. It covers the key concept of measures of variability for grouped and
ungrouped data.

This module was designed to cater the academic needs of diverse learners in
achieving and improving the twin goals of mathematics in basic education levels which are
enhancing the critical thinking and problem solving skills. The language used recognizes the
vocabulary level of grade 7 students. The lessons followed a developmentally sequenced
teaching and learning processes to meet the curriculum requirements.

After going through the module, the learners are expected to:
⚫ illustrate the measures of variability (range, average deviation, variance, standard
deviation) of statistical data (M7SP-IVh-1); and
⚫ calculate the measures of variability of ungrouped and grouped data. (M7SP-IVh-I-1)

2
 What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?

A. range B. mode C. variance D. standard deviation.
2. Which measures of variability is considered most reliable?
A. Variance B. standard deviation C. range D. average deviation.
3. For the set of data consisting of 5, 4, 3, and 2, what is the range?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4. If the range of a set of data is 16, and the highest score is 25, what is the lowest score?
A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D.12
5. What is the standard deviation of the given sets of data {1.3, 5, 7}?
A. 2.0 B. 2.12 C. 2.21 D. 2.23

What’s In
Directions: Analyze the given situation and answer the given procedure below.

A housewife surveyed canned pork ham for a special family gathering. She picked 6
cans each from the two boxes packed by company 1 and company 2. Both boxes have the
same weight. Consider the following weights in kilograms of the canned pork ham packed by
the two companies (1 and 2).
Company 1 0.98 1.01 0.95 0.88 1.02 1.10
Company 2 1.05 1.02 0.89 1.00 0.91 1.12

Help the housewife choose the best sample by doing the following procedure.
A. Arrange the weights of the sample in increasing order.
B. Find the mean weight of each sample.
C. Analyze the spread of the weights of each sample from the mean.
D. Which sample has weights closer to the mean?
E. If you were to choose from these two samples which would you prefer? Why?

Analysis of data can lead us to a right decision in life.

What’s New
ACTIVITY WHO IS SMARTER?

The IQs of 4 members of 2 Families A and B are presented below.

Family A 98 102 115 110
Family B 110 108 120 112

3
A. Find the mean IQ of the two families.
B. Find the range of the IQ of both families.

QUESTIONS:
1.What have you observed about the range of the IQ of the two families?
2. What does it tell you?

LESSON
Measure of Variability
1
What is It

MEASURE OF VARIABILITY
Measures of Variability refer to the spread of values about the
Mean.

Smaller dispersion of scores arising from the comparison often indicates more
consistency and more reliability.

A Measures of Variability for Ungrouped Data

For ungrouped data, the commonly used measures of variability are the Range, Average
or Mean Deviation, Variance and Standard Deviation.

1. RANGE
Range (𝑹) is the difference between the highest and the lowest values in a given
set of data.
a. FORMULA: 𝑹 = 𝑯𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 − 𝑳𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 = 𝑯 − 𝑳
b. EXAMPLE: Find the range of the given set of data {2, 4, 6. 8, 10}.
SOLUTION: 𝑹 = 𝐻 − 𝐿 = 10 − 2 = 8

2. AVERAGE / MEAN DEVIATION (M.D.)

Average/ Mean Deviation (M.D.) is the dispersion of data about the average of these
data.
∑|𝒙−𝒙
̅|
a. FORMULA: 𝑴. 𝑫. =
𝑵
where, 𝑴. 𝑫. is the Mean Deviation 𝑵 is the number of scores
𝒙 is the individual scores |𝒙 − 𝒙
̅| is the absolute value of
̅ is the mean
𝒙 the deviation from the
mean
b. STEPS IN COMPUTING THE MEAN DEVIATION
1. Find the mean of all cases
2. Find the absolute value difference between each score and the mean.
3. Find the sum of the difference and divide it by the number of scores N.

4
 c. EXAMPLE: Find the mean deviation of the given set of data {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}.
SOLUTION:
Step 1: Find the mean 𝑥̅ .
2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 30
𝑥̅ = = =6
5 5
Step 2 and 3:
SCORES (𝒙) 𝒙−𝒙 ̅ |𝒙 − 𝒙
̅|
2 2−6 = −4 4
4 4−6 = −2 2
6 6−6 = 0 0
8 8−6 = 2 2
10 10−6 = 4 4
𝑵=5 ∑|𝒙 − 𝒙̅| = 𝟏𝟐
∑|𝒙 − 𝒙
̅| 𝟒 + 𝟐 + 𝟎 + 𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
𝑴. 𝑫. = = = = 𝟐. 𝟒
𝑵 𝟓 𝟓

3. VARIANCE
Variance (𝜎 2 ) is the square of the mean deviation divided by the total number of
scores (𝑁).
∑(𝒙−𝒙̅)2
a. FORMULA: 𝜎2 =
𝑁
b. EXAMPLE: Find the variance of the given set of data {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}.
SOLUTION:
SCORES (𝒙) 𝒙−𝒙 ̅ ̅)2
(𝒙 − 𝒙
2 −4 (−𝟒)𝟐 = 16
4 −2 (−𝟐)𝟐 = 4
6 0 (𝟎)𝟐 = 0
8 2 (𝟐)𝟐 = 4
10 4 (𝟒)𝟐 = 16
𝑵=5 ∑(𝒙 − 𝒙 ̅)2 = 𝟒𝟎

̅)𝟐 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟒 + 𝟎 + 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔 𝟒𝟎
∑(𝒙 − 𝒙
𝝈𝟐 = = = =𝟖
𝑵 𝟓 𝟓
4. STANDARD DEVIATION
Standard Deviation (𝜎) is simply the square root of the variance.
∑(𝒙−𝒙̅)2
a. FORMULA: 𝜎 = √𝝈𝟐 = √
𝑁
b. EXAMPLE: Find the standard deviation of the given set of data {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}.
SOLUTION:
𝜎 = √𝟖 ≈ 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑

B Measures of Variability for Grouped Data

Now you will study the different measures of variability for grouped data. The
different measures of variability for grouped data are the Range, Variance and Standard
Deviation.

5
 To find the range, variance, and standard deviation of grouped data, we need to take
note of the following formula:

RANGE (𝑹)
𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒐𝒇
𝑹= −
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍

VARIANCE (𝝈𝟐 )
̅ )𝟐
∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙
𝝈𝟐 =
∑𝒇 − 𝟏
Where,
𝑓 = class frequency
𝑥 = class mark / midpoint
𝑥̅ = class mean
∑ 𝑓 = total number of frequency

In calculating the variance, do the following steps:

1. Prepare a frequency distribution with appropriate class interval and write the
corresponding frequency.
2. Get the midpoint (𝑥) of each class interval.
3. Multiply frequency (𝑓) and midpoint (𝑥) of each class interval to get 𝑓𝑥.
4. Add 𝑓𝑥 of each interval to get ∑ 𝑓𝑥.
∑ 𝑓𝑥
5. Compute the mean using the formula 𝑥̅ = ∑𝑓
̅) by subtracting the mean from each midpoint.
6. Calculate the deviation (𝒙 − 𝒙
7. Square the deviation of each interval to get (𝒙 − 𝒙̅)𝟐 .
8. Multiply frequency ( 𝑓 ) and (𝒙 − 𝒙 ̅)𝟐 . Find the sum of each product to get
̅)𝟐 .
∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙
9. Calculate the variance (v) using the formula
𝟐
∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙̅)𝟐
𝝈 =
∑𝒇 − 𝟏

STANDARD DEVIATION (𝝈)

̅ )𝟐
∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙
𝝈 = ඥ 𝝈𝟐 = ඨ
∑𝒇−𝟏
Where,
𝜎 = variance

EXAMPLE
Calculate the range, variance and standard deviation of scores the First Periodical Test
of Grade 7 – Justice in Mathematics.

6
 Class Mark
Scores Frequency 𝒇 𝒇𝒙 ̅)
(𝒙 − 𝒙 ̅)𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝒙 ̅)𝟐
𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙
(𝒙)
21 - 25 3 23 69 10 100 300
16 – 20 8 18 144 5 25 200
11 – 15 10 13 130 0 0 0
6 – 10 4 8 32 -5 25 100
1-5 5 3 15 -10 100 500
∑ 𝒇 = 𝟑𝟎 ∑ 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟗𝟎 ̅)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎
∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙

SOLUTION
1. Range
𝑹= 25.5 – 0.5 = 25
2. Mean
∑ 𝒇𝒙 𝟑𝟗𝟎
̅=
𝒙 = = 𝟏𝟑
∑𝒇 𝟑𝟎
3. Variance
̅)𝟐
∑ 𝒇(𝒙−𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝝈𝟐 = ∑ 𝒇−𝟏
= = ≈ 𝟑𝟕. 𝟗𝟑
𝟑𝟎−𝟏 𝟐𝟗
4. Standard Deviation
𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝝈 = ඥ𝝈 𝟐 = ඨ ≈ 𝟔. 𝟏𝟔
𝟐𝟗

What’s More
ACTIVITY COMPLETE ME!
Directions: Complete the table below then calculate the different measures of variability
(range, mean deviation, variance, and standard deviation). Use 𝑥̅ = 92.

SCORES (𝒙) ̅
𝒙−𝒙 ̅)2
(𝒙 − 𝒙
90 Range
91 Mean
92 Deviation
92
𝝈𝟐
93
94 𝝈

7
 What I Have Learned
ACTIVITY DIFFERENTIATE ME!
Directions: Complete the table by stating the difference in their formula among the measures
of variability for ungrouped and grouped data.

MEASURES OF VARIABILITY UNGROUPED DATA GROUPED DATA

1. Range
2. Variance
3. Standard Deviation

What I Can Do
Directions: Complete the table and answer the questions that follow.

Ages of Covid-19 positive in Zamboanga City for the first three months with a mean
Ages Frequency 𝒇 Class Mark (𝒙) 𝒇𝒙 ̅)
(𝒙 − 𝒙 ̅)𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝒙 ̅)𝟐
𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙
65 - 73 6 69 414
56 - 64 13 60 780
47 - 55 19 51 969
38 - 46 4 42 168
29 - 37 3 33 99
20 – 28 5 24 120
∑𝒇 = ∑𝒇𝒙 = ̅) 𝟐 =
∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙

QUESTIONS:
1. What is the ∑ 𝒇 𝒙?
2. What is the value of the mean in the given distribution table?
3. What is the upper-class boundary of the top interval?
4. What is the lower-class boundary of the bottom interval?
5. What is the range?
6. What is the variance of the given distribution table?
7. What is the standard deviation?

Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. Which of the following is the dispersion of data about its mean?

A. range C. variance
B. average/mean deviation D. standard deviation

8
2. What measures of variability simply refers to the difference of the highest value from the
lowest value of a given data set?
A. range C. variance
B. average/mean deviation D. standard deviation

3. If one of the given intervals of a given frequency distribution table is 12 - 20, what is the
class mark of these data?
A. 8 B. 16 C. 20 D. 32

4. What data are needed to compute for standard deviation?

A. range C. variance
B. average/mean deviation D. all of the above

5. Which measures of variability is considered most reliable?

A. range C. variance
B. average/mean deviation D. standard deviation

For items 6 to 7 refer to the data {𝟑, 𝟔, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟏𝟓, 𝟏𝟖 }.

6. What is the range of the given data?

A. 9 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18

7. What is the mean of the data?

A. 10 B. 10.5 C. 11 D. 11.5

8. How do you compute for standard deviation for ungrouped and grouped data?
A. Get the square of the mean
B. Get the class interval of the data
C. Get the square root of the variance
D. Divide the sum of the data by the total number of data.

9. If the range of the data is 5 and the highest data is 16, what is the lowest data?
A. 21 B. 16 C. 11 D. 9

10. What does measures of variability tell us?

A. The collection of data C. the average of the data
B. The spread of the information D. the spread of the values about the mean.

References:
Pogoso C. Montana, Introductory Statistics; Advance Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics,
270-273.

Ann Xavier Gantent, Integrated Algebra 1 United States of America: Amsco School
Publication, Inc., 2007, 690.

Canonigo, A. (2012) Statistics, K - 12 Facilitators Guide.

9
 10
Assessment:
1. B 3.B 5. D 7. B 9. C
2. A 4. C 6. C 8. C 10. D
What I Can Do:
Ages Frequency 𝒇 Class Mark (𝒙) 𝒇𝒙 (𝒙 − 𝒙
̅) (𝒙 − 𝒙̅ )𝟐 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙
̅ )𝟐
65 - 73 6 69 414 18 324 1944
56 - 64 13 60 780 9 81 1053
47 - 55 19 51 969 0 0 0
38 - 46 4 42 168 9 81 324
29 - 37 3 33 99 18 324 972
20 – 28 5 24 120 27 729 3645
∑ 𝒇 = 𝟓𝟎 ∑ 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟎 ∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙
̅)𝟐 = 𝟕𝟗𝟑𝟖
1. 2550 2. 51 3. 73.5 4. 19.5 5. 53 6. 162 7. 12.73
What I Have Learned:
Measures of Ungrouped
Grouped Data
Variability Data
Upper boundary of Lower boundary of the
1. Range 𝑯−𝑳 -
the highest interval lowest interval
̅ )𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝒙 ̅ )𝟐
∑ 𝒇 (𝒙 − 𝒙
2. Variance 𝝈𝟐 = 𝝈𝟐 =
𝑵 ∑𝒇−𝟏
̅ )𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝒙 ̅ )𝟐
∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − 𝒙
3. Standard Deviation 𝝈=ඨ 𝝈=ඨ
𝑵 ∑𝒇 −𝟏
What’s More:
SCORES (𝒙) 𝒙−𝒙 ̅ (𝒙 − 𝒙̅ )2
Range 4
90 -2 4
91 -1 1 Mean
1
92 0 0 Deviation
92 0 0
93 1 1 𝝈𝟐 1.67
94 2 4
10 𝝈 1.29
What’s In: What’s New:
a. Sample 1: 0.88, 0.95, 0.98, 1.01, 1.02, 1.10 1. 𝑥
തതത1 = 106.25 തതത
𝑥2 = 112.5
Sample 2: 0.89, 0.91, 1.00, 1.02, 1.05, 1.12 2. 𝑅𝐴 = 17 𝑅𝐵 = 12
These range tell us that the IQ of family
b. തതത
𝑥1 = 0.990 തതത
𝑥2 = 0.998
A are more scattered than the IQ of
c. The spread is closer/almost the same family B.
d. Both
e. Sample 1 What I Know:
1.B222. B 3. C 4. B 5. D
Answer Key
 I AM A FILIPINO
by Carlos P. Romulo
I am a Filipino – inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the It is the mark of my manhood, the symbol of my dignity as
uncertain future. As such, I must prove equal to a two-fold a human being. Like the seeds that were once buried in the
task – the task of meeting my responsibility to the past, and tomb of Tutankhamen many thousands of years ago, it shall
the task of performing my obligation to the future. grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the insigne of my
I am sprung from a hardy race – child many generations race, and my generation is but a stage in the unending
removed of ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries, search of my people for freedom and happiness.
the memory comes rushing back to me: of brown-skinned I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the
men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their hearts West. The East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity
were stout. Over the sea I see them come, borne upon the and endurance, was my mother, and my sire was the West
billowing wave and the whistling wind, carried upon the that came thundering across the seas with the Cross and
mighty swell of hope – hope in the free abundance of the new Sword and the Machine. I am of the East, an eager
land that was to be their home and their children’s forever. participant in its struggles for liberation from the imperialist
This is the land they sought and found. Every inch of shore yoke. But I know also that the East must awake from its
that their eyes first set upon, every hill and mountain that centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has bound its
beckoned to them with a green and purple invitation, every limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.
mile of rolling plain that their view encompassed, every river For I, too, am of the West, and the vigorous peoples of the
and lake that promised a plentiful living and the fruitfulness West have destroyed forever the peace and quiet that once
of commerce, is a hollowed spot to me. were ours. I can no longer live, a being apart from those
By the strength of their hearts and hands, by every right of whose world now trembles to the roar of bomb and cannon
law, human and divine, this land and all the appurtenances shot. For no man and no nation is an island, but a part of the
thereof – the black and fertile soil, the seas and lakes and main, and there is no longer any East and West – only
rivers teeming with fish, the forests with their inexhaustible individuals and nations making those momentous choices
wealth in wild and timber, the mountains with their bowels that are the hinges upon which history revolves. At the
swollen with minerals – the whole of this rich and happy land vanguard of progress in this part of the world I stand – a
has been for centuries without number, the land of my forlorn figure in the eyes of some, but not one defeated and
fathers. This land I received in trust from them, and in trust lost. For through the thick, interlacing branches of habit and
will pass it to my children, and so on until the world is no custom above me I have seen the light of the sun, and I
more. know that it is good. I have seen the light of justice and
I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes equality and freedom, my heart has been lifted by the vision
– seed that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage of democracy, and I shall not rest until my land and my
and defiance. In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that people shall have been blessed by these, beyond the power
sent Lapulapu to battle against the alien foe, that drove Diego of any man or nation to subvert or destroy.
Silang and Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge
oppressor. shall I give that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I
That seed is immortal. It is the self-same seed that flowered shall give the pledge that has come ringing down the
in the heart of Jose Rizal that morning in Bagumbayan when corridors of the centuries, and it shall be compounded of the
a volley of shots put an end to all that was mortal of him and joyous cries of my Malayan forebears when first they saw
made his spirit deathless forever; the same that flowered in the contours of this land loom before their eyes, of the battle
the hearts of Bonifacio in Balintawak, of Gregorio del Pilar cries that have resounded in every field of combat from
at Tirad Pass, of Antonio Luna at Calumpit, that bloomed in Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they
flowers of frustration in the sad heart of Emilio Aguinaldo at sing:
Palanan, and yet burst forth royally again in the proud heart “I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until
of Manuel L. Quezon when he stood at last on the threshold freedom shall have been added unto my inheritance—for
of ancient Malacanang Palace, in the symbolic act of myself and my children and my children’s children—
possession and racial vindication. The seed I bear within me forever.”
is an immortal seed.

11