ATPL VIVA Q Bank

ICAO ANNEXURE

1. Personal licensing
2. Rules of air
3. Meteorological services for international air navigation.
4. Aeronautical charts
5. Units of measurements to be used in Air and ground operations
6. Operation of aircraft
7. Aircraft nationality and registration marks
8. Airworthiness of aircraft
9. Facilitation
10. Aeronautical telecommunication
11. Air traffic services
12. Search and rescue
13. Aircraft accident and incident investigation
14. Aeródromes
15. Aeronautical Information Services.
16. Environments Protection
17. Security- Safeguarding International Civil Aviation against acts of unlawful interference.
18. The safe transport of dangerous goods by air.

MISC Qs

Q1. What radio aids does your aircraft have ?

Ans. Ils.vor adf(ndb),Hf, vhf,marker, radio altimeter wx radar,transponder,gps

Q2. Difference between Doppler VOR and VOR?

Ans.
For Doppler VOR
Reference wave -AM
Variable wave - FM
Anti-clockwise transmission

Do they generate the same navigation signal?

The DVOR reverses the useage of the two 30Hz signals. However, by also reversing the direction of
it's rotating variable signal it produces exactly the same result in the receiver. The receiver has no
"knowledge" that it's a DVOR as opposed to CVOR it's receiving and operates as normal.
Can they be used by the same receiver, or do VOR receivers need to be specially adapted to DVORs?
Affirm, same receiver.

Is one more accurate than the other?

DVOR is more accurate, and more expensive.

CVOR is required to be ±4°, however DVOR is required to be ±1°, per Convention on International
Civil Aviation Annex 10, Volume 1.
Is one more susceptible to interference than the other?
The DVOR is more practical in crowded areas or where there are tall buildings. However, it's a big
structure - around 100ft in diameter.

Q3 Doppler principal?
Whenever there is a relative motion between a transmitter and receiver, there is an apparent
change in frequency or wavelength

Ans. The Doppler effect (or the Doppler shift) is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave
in relation to observer who is moving relative to the wave source.

Q4. GPWS, RA, WIND-SHEAR. Priority?

Ans. GPWS>WS>RA

Q5. Absolute ceiling ?

Ans. The absolute ceiling is the highest altitude at which an aircraft can sustain level flight. Due to
the thin air at higher altitudes, a much higher true airspeed speed is required to generate sufficient
lift on the wings. The absolute ceiling is therefore the altitude at which the engines are operating at
maximum thrust, yet only generate enough lift to match the weight of the aircraft. Hence, the
aircraft will not have any excess capacity to climb further. At absolute ceiling, the aircraft can no
longer accelerate, since any acceleration will lead to higher airspeed and therefore excess lift. Stated
technically, it is the altitude where the maximum sustained (with no decreasing airspeed) rate of
climb is zero.

Service ceiling is where the rate of climb drops below a prescribed value.

The service ceiling is the maximum usable altitude of an aircraft. Specifically, it is the density altitude
at which flying in a clean configuration, at the best rate of climb airspeed for that altitude and with
all engines operating and producing maximum continuous power, will produce a given rate of climb
(a typical value might be 100 feet per minute climb or 30 metres per minute,[1] or on the order of
500 feet per minute climb for jet aircraft). Margin to stall at service ceiling is 1.5 g.[citation needed]

The one engine inoperative (OEI) service ceiling of a twin-engine, fixed-wing aircraft is the density
altitude at which flying in a clean configuration, at the best rate of climb airspeed for that altitude
with one engine producing maximum continuous power and the other engine shu5t down and
feathered, will produce a given rate of climb (usually 50 feet per minute).[2]

However some performance charts will define the service ceiling as the pressure altitude at which
the aircraft will have the capability of climbing at 50 ft/min with one propeller feathered.

Q6. Why no localiser symbol at mumbai?

Ans. Clutter

Q7. Can ATC ask you to maintain RVSM even after you have a failure?
Ans. Yes if he deems it necessary

Q8. What is FMC?

Ans. The FMC is part of the FMS.
Mms ,m
The FMC is a computer system that uses a large data base to allow routes to be pre-programmed
and fed into the system by means of a data loader.
The FMS encompasses:

The Flight Management Computer (FMC)

The Automatic Flight Control or Automatic Flight Guidance System (AFCS or AFGS)
The Aircraft Navigation System
An Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) or equivalent electromechanical instrumentation.

Q9. Balanced field

Ans. A balanced field takeoff is a condition where the accelerate-stop distance required (ASDR) is
equal to the takeoff distance required (TODR) for the aircraft weight, engine thrust, aircraft
configuration and runway condition.[1] For a given aircraft weight, engine thrust, aircraft
configuration, and runway condition, the shortest runway length that complies with safety
regulations is the balanced field length.[2][3]
ASDR=TODR

Q10. Wet rwy v1 Change?

Ans. V1 reduces

Q11. Wavelength And Frequency

Ans. λν=c where λ is the wavelength, ν is the frequency and c is the speed of light.

Q12. Sidebands and reduction in used power?

Ans. (Refer GSP chapter 1)

Q13. Radar range formula?

Ans. Quad root of power output in Watts

Q14. HF frequency and range relation?

Ans. Low frequency high wave length = longer range

Q15. CANPA
Ans. CANPA is a way to descend to MDA in a manner such that if you see the runway at MDA you
can continue with minimal adjustments to flight path. With CANPA MDA is always respected, hence
operators must add a margin of at least 50 feet to MDA to get DDA derived decision altitude to
compensate for altitude loss during go around procedure.

Approaches with FAF may be flown with distance from tough down given by
-DME
-FMS
-GPS
-ATC radar
Approaches Without FAF may be conducted by making a pseudo FAF from the glide angle

Q16. Airspace in india

Ans. ABCDEFG
A and B are in consideration
C controlled airspace, allowed IFR and VFR, no speed lim for IFR except STAR, traffic info
provided
 D controlled airspace, IFR and VFR, speed 250 and STAR, traffic info provided
E controlled en route, traffic info
F airspace within ATS route, outside controlled airspace., traffic info
G Outside ATS route and controlled airspace, traffic info on request

Q17. Satellites for RAIM?

Ans. 3 sat for 2D fix
4 sat for 3D fix
5 sat for RAIM fault detection
6 sat for RAIM fault Detection and exclusion

Q18. Speed in DME arc?

Ans. 230kts

Q19. Middle marker required ?

Ans. No

Q20. Outer maker colour, frequency, morse, distance.

Ans. Blue amber white

Q21. CANPA without published FAF

Ans. Yes make a pseudo FAF

Q22. Cloud height with weather radar?

Ans. Tilt angle-0.5 beam width X range x 6080 = ans in feet

Q23. BFO?
Ans. Beat frequency oscillator
Makes ident audible
NON A1A- BFO needed to tuning and ident
NON A2A- BFO needed for tuning
A2A- BFO not needed

Q24. Pitot-static?
Ans.

Q25. Fail passive/operation?

Ans. Fail operational- in fail system can still function normally
Fail passive in fail safe landing can be done by manually taking over

Q26. TAU?
Ans. Tau CPA- closest point of approach in TCAS

Q27. MOCA issued by Jeppsson or state?

Ans. (State refer AIP)

Q28. GAGAN?
Ans. GPS aided geo augmented navigation.

Q29. FMS type

Ans.

Q30. ILS
Ans. Principle- bearing by lobe comparison
Frequency 108-112 MHz (odd Frequencies)
Localiser – left lobe 90HZ modulated right lobe 150 Hz modulated
Coverage- 18nm 10 deg from centreline
Glide slope- top lobe 90 Hz and bottom is 150
Coverage vertical. 0.45 x Glide path to 1.75 x Glide path
Horizontal 10 no 8 deg from centreline
Marker beacon

Outer marker
Modulation 400hz
Code - -
Dist from threshold- 3-6 nm
Color blue

Middle marker
Modulation 1300
Code . –
Distance 3500’ ( 0.5-0.8nm)
Color amber

Inner marker
Modulation 3000
Code ..
Distance 250-1500’
Color white

Mínima

DH RVR TDZ RVR MID RVR END RMK

CAT I 200+ 550 125 125 MIN VIS 800
IF NO RVR
CAT II 100+ 330 125 125
CAT IIIA 50+ 175 175 175
CAT IIIB NO 75 75 75

Q31. SSR Codes- 4096

Ans. Due to 4096 possible combination from 0-7 nos making 4 digit code (8!)

Q32. PANS OPS?

Ans. Procedures for air navigation services
ICAO is responsible for PANS OPS to make instrument approaches SIDS STARs ETC
E.g. PANS OPS ATC doc 4444
PANS OPS Navigation services doc 9869

Q33. Lost IRS alignment in flight?

Ans. Alignment cant be done in flight A/C must be stationary
We can still use attitude information from IRS

Q34. Delhi Variation?

Ans. 1.27

Q35. ILS x,y,z

Ans. ILS Approach on same runway with different procedure or radio aid used

Q36. 1 in 60 rule?
Ans. Track error = dis off track /dis along track x 60

Q37. Aqua-planning
Ans. 8.6 root of tyre pressure in psi

Q38. Coffin corner?

Ans.

Q39. VOR?
Ans. Very high frequency omnidirectional radio range.
Works on 108.0 MHz to 117.95 MHz
108.0- 112.0 shared with ILS loc
Only odd decimals on ILS
Principle: Bering by phase comparison
Reference signal-FM 30 Hz
Variable signal- AM 30 Hz
Horizontally polarised
Shape limacon

Emissions A9W
Monitoring unit can check
Error- site error +- 1deg
Power output red by 15 percent
Q40. VDF
Ans automatic direction finder
Principle: bearing by loop direction finder
Shape: cardioid

Frequency band:
TX 190- 1750 KHz ( upper LF to lower MF)
RX 255-455 (NDB)
Vertically polarised
AM
Max range:
Land-2 X square root of power output in W
Sea- 3 X square root of power output in W
Locator beacon 15-40W, 15-25nm 
Homing NON A2A(non modulated), 50nm range
Airways/route 200W NON A2A
Long range 4KW
Error +-5 NDB
+-2 ADF
Night effect
Dip/bank error
Costal refraction (false pos closer to cost or land
Quadrantal error at 45,135,225,315
Loop misalignment
Multi-path error
Lightning an thunderstorm
Synchronous TX

Q41. Definition of wavelength

Ans Distance between two crest or troughs

Q42. —————————-
Q43. Limacon vs cardioid shape

Q44. ILS
Q45. Drawbacks of ILS
Ans False glide-slope interception
Cost
Q46. Can u do Ils approach without outer marker
Ans. Yes
Q47. Height at 3 nm

Q48. Gyros
Q49. Wonder and precision In gyros with formulas
Q50. How to produce radio waves
Q51. A to B wave travels in 5 ms what’s dis btw A to B
Q52. RNAV
Q53 RNP
Q54 RNAV 1 And RNP 1 what’s the difference
Q55 GPS and Errors
Q56 RAIM
Q57 VSI and IVSI
Ans VSI can sense rate of climb and descend
Case is fed with static air through a metering unit
Capsule is fed static directly

IVSI

Q58 TCAS
Q59 SLOP
Q60 SELCAL
Q61 CPDLC
Q62 skip distance
Q63 NDB
Q64 duct propagation
Q65 yaw damper
Q66 why mach meter at high altitude and what’s mcrit
Q67 ring laser gyro
Q68 speed of sound as u go up
Q69 speed of sound
Ans LSS in kts=39 sq root of temp in K
Q70 MNPS
Q71 ILS minima for you’re a/c where is it
Q72 what’s CAR how many sections
Q73 what’s back course
Q74 polarisation
Q75 dead space
Q76 what’s better RNP 1 or RNP 10
Q77 FANS
Q78 CLOUD height by wx radar
Q79 Navigation on poles