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Saponification Experiment

The document describes the saponification reaction for soap production. Saponification involves reacting a fat with an alkali like sodium hydroxide to produce soap and glycerol. The experiment aims to synthesize a sample of hard soap and compare the FTIR spectra of the original fat and produced soap. Methods describe carrying out the saponification reaction and using FTIR analysis to obtain and compare the infrared spectra of fat and soap.

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Ahmad Danial
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168 views12 pages

Saponification Experiment

The document describes the saponification reaction for soap production. Saponification involves reacting a fat with an alkali like sodium hydroxide to produce soap and glycerol. The experiment aims to synthesize a sample of hard soap and compare the FTIR spectra of the original fat and produced soap. Methods describe carrying out the saponification reaction and using FTIR analysis to obtain and compare the infrared spectra of fat and soap.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Danial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAPONIFICATION

REACTION OF FAT :
SOAP PRODUCTION

GROUP 4
OBJECTIVE

1) To synthesize a 2) To identify and


sample of hard compare FTIR
soap. spectrum of fat and
soap.
MATERIAL

NaOH 95% ethanol Fat

50% water/ethanol 4% calcium Trisodium


mixture NaCl chloride solution phosphate
solution
APPARATUS

Conical flask Buchner funnel

Beaker Filter funnel

Watch glass Measuring cylinder


METHODS
FTIR Analysis :
❏ Place sample of soap in FTIR spectrometer. The spectrometer directs beams of IR at the
sample and measures how much of the beam and at which frequencies the sample
absorbs the infrared light.

❏ The sample needs to be thin enough for the infrared light to transmit through, or a thin
slice of the material must be removed.

❏ Reflectance techniques can be used on some samples and no damage is done to the
sample.

❏ Samples conducive to reflectance are residues, stains or films on a fairly flat reflective
surface or somewhat pliable materials that are thin enough to fit under the microscope
using the attenuated total reflectance attachment to the microscope.

❏ The reference database houses thousands of spectra, so samples can be identified. The
molecular identities can be determined through this process.

❏ The wavelength of the peaks presents can be identify and the difference between the fat
and the soap produced can be compared.
Result Obtained
Error From Result Explain :
The
inefficiency Parallax
and lack of mistake and
attention of misreading
the The chemical The chemical may
experiments needed not have been
measurement firmly covered with
may not have aluminum foil,
followed the real resulting in
measurement evaporation of the
needed chemical
SAFETY PRECAUTION
Keep the
windows of the
laboratory open
Do not touch and do not
the NaOH breathe the The mixture of
solution with fumes of NaOH. oil and alkali
bare hands as should be
it may burn the stirred through
skin
Extra Information
➔ Saponification can be defined as a “hydration reaction where free
hydroxide breaks the ester bonds between the fatty acids and
glycerol of a triglyceride, resulting in free fatty acids and glycerol,”
which are each soluble in aqueous solutions.

➔ As mentioned, the saponification reaction is the joining of fat and a


chemical salt to create glycerol and soap. Saponification belongs to a
group of reactions called hydrolysis, the breakdown of a molecule in
the presence of water.

➔ General saponification equation: fat + chemical salt + water


→ glycerol + fatty acid salt (soap)

➔ Fat and chemical salts are the reactants, while glycerol and soap are
the products. Lipids (fats and oils) and chemical salts vary to
produce soap with different chemical and physical properties.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it was proven through theory, equations, and
experiments that the Saponification method can be used to
produce soap by mixing Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) with fats,
which produces Sodium Salt of a specific acid used (soap)
with Glycerol. The soap produced was in a solid state,
referred to as "hard soap," because the alkali used
determines the soap's characteristics. The alkali utilized in
this example was Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), which, according
to theory, generates 'hard soap.' It was discovered that the
findings backed up the Saponification idea.
THANK YOU

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