DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE CITY

San Ignacio St., Poblacion, City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan 3023
8
Mathematics
Quarter III – Module 4
Proving Triangle Congruence
 What I Need to Know

CONTENT STANDARD
The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding of key concepts of axiomatic structure
of geometry and triangle congruence.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners will be able to:
1) formulate an organized plan to handle a real-life situation; and
2) communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity in formulating,
investigating, analyzing, and solving real-life problems involving congruent triangles
using appropriate and accurate representations.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
The learner proves two triangles are congruent.

At the end of the module, you are expected to:

1. Recall the different postulates and theorems on triangle congruence;
2. Use the different geometric properties in proving triangle congruence; and
3. Prove that two triangles are congruent.

What I
Know
Before you proceed, let us see what you know about this
module.
Directions: Read and understand each item and choose the correct answer. Write
the letter that corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Refer to Figure 1. If ̅AB

̅≅̅ ̅DE
,̅ B
̅C
̅≅̅ ̅E̅F̅an d ̅AC
̅≅̅ ̅D,̅F̅then ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF by what
postulate or B E
theorem?
A. AAS Congruence Theorem Figure 1
B. ASA Congruence Postulate A C F
C. SAS Congruence Postulate D
D. SSS Congruence Postulate

2
2. Corresponding parts are marked in figure 2, how can you prove that ∆ABE ≅ ∆DBC?
A. AAS Congruence Theorem
A C
B. ASA Congruence Postulate
B
C. SAS Congruence Postulate Figure 2
D. SSS Congruence Postulate E D
3. Using Figure 3, what additional information is needed to be able to apply the SAS
Congruence Postulate? D
A. ∠DIA ≅ ∠DEA
B. ∠IDA ≅ ∠EDA
Figure 3
C. ID̅̅≅ ̅ED̅̅
I E
D. D
̅A
̅≅̅ ̅DA
̅̅ A
4. Refer to Figure 4. Is there enough information to conclude that the two triangles are
congruent? If so, what is the correct congruence statement?
A. Yes; ∆SON ≅ ∆NYS
S O
B. Yes; ∆SNO ≅ ∆SNY
C. Yes; ∆OSN ≅ ∆NYO Figure 4
D. No; not enough information Y N

5. In Figure 5, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF. Which of the following statements must be true?

B E
A. ∠A ≅ ∠E Figure 5
B. ∠C ≅ ∠F
C. BC̅̅≅ ̅DF̅̅ C F
A
D. AC̅̅≅ ̅DE̅̅ D

For item numbers 6 – 8, refer to Figure 6. ∆ABC ≅ ∆DBC.

6. Why is BC = BC?
A. concentric C. symmetric
B. reflexive D. transitive B

7. What pair of congruent parts can prove that ∆ABC ≅ ∆DBC by SAS A D
Congruence Postulate given that ̅A̅B≅̅ ̅D̅Band
̅ ̅A̅C≅̅ ̅D?
̅C̅
A. BC≅̅ ̅BC̅ C. ∠BAC ≅ ∠BDC
B. ∠ABC ≅ ∠DBC D. ∠ACB ≅ ∠DCB

8. Which of the following definition supports the statement: If AB = DB,

then ̅A̅B≅̅ ̅D.̅B̅
A. Definition of congruent angles C
B. Definition of congruent segments Figure 6
C. Definition of midpoint
D. Definition of perpendicular segments

3
For item numbers 9 – 11, refer to Figure 7.
Given: ̅̅
CT̅̅ and ̅̅
MP̅̅ intersect each other at point A.

9. What theorem supports the statement: ∠CAP ≅ ∠TAM.

A. Angle Bisector C. Perpendicular Bisector
B. Isosceles Triangle D. Vertical Angle C M

A
10. Point A is the midpoint of ̅̅
CT̅̅ and ̅̅
MP̅̅ and ̅̅
CP̅̅ ≅ ̅̅
MT̅̅. Which two
triangles are congruent?
A. ∆CAP ≅ ∆TAM C. ∆CAP ≅ ∆CAM
B. ∆CAP ≅ ∆PAT D. ∆CAP ≅ ∆CMP P T
Figure 7

11. If ∠MCA ≅ ∠PTA and ̅̅

CA̅̅ ≅ ̅̅
TA̅̅, which triangle can be proven congruent
by ASA Congruence Postulate?
A. ∆CAP ≅ ∆TAM C. ∆CMP ≅ ∆TMP
B. ∆CAM ≅ ∆TAP D. ∆CMT ≅ ∆TPC

For item numbers 12-15. Complete the proof. Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct
answer.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ CO
Given: LO ̅̅̅̅ Illustration:
̅̅̅̅
OK bisects ∠LOC O

Prove: ∆𝐿𝑂𝐾 ≅ ∆𝐶𝑂𝐾

L C
K
Proof:
Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
1. LO ≅ CO 1. ______(12)______________
2. ̅̅̅̅
OK bisects ∠COL 2. Given
3. _______(13)_________________ 3. Definition of angle bisector
̅̅̅̅ ≅ OK
4. OK ̅̅̅̅ 4. ______(14)______________
5. ∆LOK ≅ ∆COK 5. ______(15)______________

12. A. Given C. Symmetric

B. Reflexive D. Transitive

13. A. ∠OLK ≅ ∠OCK C. ∠LOK ≅ ∠COK

B. ∠LKO ≅ ∠CKO D. ∠LKO ≅ ∠OKC

14. A. Addition Property of Equality C. Symmetric Property of Congruency

B. Reflexive Property of Congruency D. Transitive Property of Congruency

15. A. AAS Congruence Theorem C. SAS Congruence Postulate

B. ASA Congruence Postulate D. SSS Congruence Postulate
4
 What’s In

In the previous module, you have learned about the different triangle congruence
postulates and theorems. Let us recall what you have learned through these activities.

Activity 1: You Are the Reason

Directions: Write the congruence postulate or theorem that will make the two triangles
congruent based from the markings in the illustration. Note that similar markings denote
congruency or equal measurement. The first one is done for you to serve as an example.
Congruence
Congruence
Illustration Postulate or
Statement
Theorem
Example:
B E

SSS Congruence
∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF
Postulate

A CD F
1.
L O

∆LOE ≅ ∆VEO _________________

E V
2. F R
I
∆FIT ≅ ∆SIR _________________

T S
3. P

O E ∆HOP ≅ ∆PEH _________________

H
4. O

∆FOR ≅ ∆UOR _________________

F U
R
5.

∆FIV ≅ ∆FEV _________________

5
Activity 2: The Missing Part of You
Directions: Supply the missing part for the two triangles to be congruent based on the given
postulate or theorem. Then, complete the congruence statement. The first one is done for
you as example.

Postulate/ Missing Congruent

Illustration
Theorem Congruent Part Statement
Example
B E
SAS
Congruence
Postulate ̅̅̅̅
AC ≅ ̅̅̅̅
DF ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF
A CD F

1.

ASA M A
Congruence
Postulate ____________ ∆MAT ≅ _______

H T

2.
W

SSS
Congruence O
Postulate ____________ ∆WOR ≅ ______
D

3.

AAS D A
Congruence
Theorem ____________ ∆DER ≅ ______

E R

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 What’s New

A two-column proof is one way to organize a proof in geometry. It is called proof table
which consists of two columns. The first column contains the proof statements and the second
column contains the geometric reason for those statements. Two-column proof is used in
direct proof.

Parts of a two-column proof:

Given: Written here are the Illustration: It gives a visual

given statement/s representation of
regarding the two the two triangles.
triangles. It also gives some
information
Prove: needed in the
This section is for the
proof.
statement that you
need to prove.

Proof:

Statements Reasons

In this section, you will write the statements and

reasons logically to arrive at the statement that
you need to prove.

7
 What is It

In the previous module, you have learned that two triangles are congruent if and only
if there is a pairing of vertices such that corresponding sides are congruent and corresponding
angles are congruent. Also, with the help of the different postulates and theorem namely: Side-
Angle-Side (SAS) postulate, Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) postulate, Side-Side-Side (SSS)
postulate, and Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) theorem. In this module, you will learn to use those
postulates and theorem in proving that the two triangles are congruent. We are going to use
the direct proof or the two-column proof.

Before we proceed with the proving, let us have the following geometric properties that
can help you in proving.

Table 1: Table of Geometric Properties

If-then form Geometric Properties
̅̅̅̅
1. If A is the midpoint of BC, then AB = BC. Definition of midpoint
̅̅̅̅ bisects ̅̅̅̅
2. If AB ̅̅̅̅ ≅ DE
CD at E, then CE ̅̅̅̅. Definition of segment bisector
3. If ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AD bisects ∠CAB, then ∠CAD ≅ ∠BAD. Definition of angle bisector
4. If ∠A is a right angle, then m∠A = 90o . Definition of right angle
5. If ∠CAB is a right angle, then ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅.
CA ⊥ BA Definition of right angle
6. If ∠A and ∠B are right angles, then ∠A ≅
All right angles are congruent
∠B.
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
7. If AB AC, then ∠BAC is a right angle. Definition of perpendicular segments
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
8. If AB ≅ CD, then AB = CD. Definition of congruent segments
9. If ∠A ≅ ∠B, then m∠A = m∠B. Definition of congruent angles
10. If ̅̅̅̅
AB is a segment, then ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
AB. Reflexive Property of congruency
If ∠A is an angle, then ∠A ≅ ∠A. (RPC)
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
11. If AB CD, then ̅̅̅̅
CD ≅ AB ̅̅̅̅. Symmetric Property of Congruency
If ∠A ≅ ∠B, then ∠B ≅ ∠A (SymPC)
12. If ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
CD and ̅̅̅̅
CD ≅ EF̅̅̅̅, then ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅.
AB ≅ EF Transitive Property of Congruency
If ∠A ≅ ∠B and ∠B ≅ ∠C, then ∠A ≅ ∠C. (TPC)
13. If AB + CD = AD and AB = EF, then EF
+CD = AD.
Substitution
If m∠1 + m∠2 = m∠A and m∠1 = m∠3,
then m∠3 + m∠2 = m∠A.
14. If ∠1 and ∠2 are vertical angles, then
Vertical Angle Theorem (VAT)
∠1 ≅ ∠2

These are some geometric properties that are very useful as you go along your journey
in proving triangle congruence so if you can memorize it, please do so or just know it by heart.

8
Let us now prove congruency of two triangles on the following examples.
Illustrative Example 1:

Fill in the missing statements and reasons.

D
Given: ̅̅̅̅
AE ≅ ̅̅̅̅
CD Illustration:
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ bisects each other
AC and DE B
A C
Prove: ∆ABE ≅ ∆CBD

E
Proof:

Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
1. AE CD 1. Given
2. ̅̅̅̅
AC and ̅̅̅̅
DE bisects each other 2. _______________________
3. ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
CB 3. _______________________
4. ____________________________ 4. Definition of segment bisector
5. ∆ABE ≅ ∆CBD 5. _______________________

Answer:
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅
AE ≅ ̅̅̅̅
CD 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ and DE
2. AC ̅̅̅̅ bisects each other 2. Given
3. ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
CB 3. Definition of segment bisector
̅̅̅̅ ≅ DB
4. EB ̅̅̅̅ 4. Definition of segment bisector
5. ∆ABE ≅ ∆CBD 5. SSS Congruence Postulate

Explanation:
Statement 1: Always start with one of the given statements. This will be the first pair of
congruent sides.
D
Note:

B Similar markings
A C signify congruency
or equal measures

Statement 2: The reason for statement 2 is given since it is written in the given statement.

9
Statement 3: The reason is definition of segment bisector. Since, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅, we can say
DE bisects AC
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
that AB ≅ CB by definition of segment bisector (refer to Table 1: Table of Geometric
Properties). This is the second pair of congruent side.
D

B
A C

Statement 4: The answer is ̅̅̅̅EB ≅ ̅̅̅̅

DB. Since ̅̅̅̅
AC also bisects ̅̅̅̅
DE, by the definition of segment
̅̅̅̅ ≅ DB
bisector, we can say that EB ̅̅̅̅. This is the third pair of congruent side.
D

B
A C

Statement 5: The answer is SSS Congruence Postulate because there are three pairs of
congruent sides.

Illustrative Example 2:
Fill in the missing statements and reasons.
̅ ≅ ̅̅̅
Given: CJ DJ Illustration:

J is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

SM S C

Prove: ∆CJS ≅ ∆DJM J

D M

Proof:

Statements Reasons
̅̅̅ ≅ DJ
1. CJ ̅̅̅ 1. ______________________
2. _________________________ 2. Given
3. SJ = MJ 3. ______________________
4. _________________________ 4. Definition of congruent segments
5. ∠CJS and ∠DJM are vertical angles 5. ______________________
6. _________________________ 6. Vertical Angle Theorem (VAT)
7. ∆CJS ≅ ∆DJM 7. ______________________

10
Answer:
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅
CJ ≅ ̅̅̅
DJ 1. Given
̅̅̅̅
2. J is the midpoint of SM 2. Given
3. SJ = MJ 3. Definition of midpoint
̅ ≅ MJ
4. SJ ̅̅̅̅ 4. Definition of congruent segments
5. ∠CJS and ∠DJM are vertical angles 5. Definition of vertical angles
6. ∠CJS ≅ ∠DJM 6. Vertical Angle Theorem (VAT)
7. ∆CJS ≅ ∆DJM 7. SAS Congruence Postulate

Explanation:
Statement 1: The answer is given since the first statement is always one of the given
statements. This will be the first pair of congruent sides.

S C

D M
Statement 2: Since the reason is given, you are going to write the second given statement
which is J is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
SM.
̅̅̅̅, by the
Statement 3: The reason will be definition of midpoint. Since J is the midpoint of SM
definition of midpoint (refer to Table 1 on page 7), we can say that SJ = MJ.
Statement 4: By the definition of congruent segments, if we have two equal segments, we can
say that the two segments are congruent thus SJ ̅ ≅ ̅̅
MJ̅̅. This is the second pair of congruent
sides.
S C

D M

Statement 5: The reason is definition of vertical angles. Using the given figure, we can say
that ∠CJS and ∠DJM form a pair of vertical angles.
Statement 6: By the vertical angle theorem (refer to table 1 on page 7) which states that vertical
angles are congruent, we can say that ∠CJS ≅ ∠DJM. That is a pair of congruent angles.

S C

D M

11
 ̅ and CJ
Statement 7: As you could see in the figure, ∠CJS is the included angle of SJ ̅ and ∠DJM
̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
is the included angle of DJ and MJ, therefore the reason for the last statement is SAS
Congruence Postulate.

Illustrative Example 3:

Prove the following:

̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠HOP
Given: OE Illustration: O
̅̅̅̅
OE ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
HP

Prove: ∆HOE ≅ ∆POE

H P
E

Answer:
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅
OE bisects ∠HOP 1. Given
2. ∠HOE ≅ ∠POE 2. Definition of angle bisector
3. ̅̅̅̅
OE ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
HP 3. Given
4. ∠HEO and ∠PEO are right angles 4. Definition of perpendicular segments
5. ∠HEO ≅ ∠PEO 5. All right angles are congruent
6. Reflexive Property of Congruency
6. ̅̅̅̅
OE ≅ ̅̅̅̅
OE
(RPC)
7. ∆HOE ≅ ∆POE 7. ASA Congruence Postulate

Explanation:
Statement 1: Always start with one of the given statements.
̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠HOP, by the definition of angle bisector (refer to table 1 on
Statement 2: Since OE
page 7), we can say that ∠HOE ≅ ∠POE. This is a pair of congruent angles.
O

H P
E
Statement 3: Use another given.
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ HP
Statement 4: Since OE ̅̅̅̅, by the definition of perpendicular segments (refer to table 1 on
page 7) which states that perpendicular lines form right angles, we can say that ∠HEO and
∠PEO are right angles.

12
Statement 5: Since ∠HEO and ∠PEO are right angles, we can say that they are congruent
because all right angles are congruent. This is another pair of congruent angles.
O

H P
E
Statement 6: OE ̅̅̅̅ is a segment common to ∆𝐻𝑂𝐸 and ∆𝑃𝑂𝐸. By the reflexive property of
congruency, which states that a segment is always congruent to itself, we can say that ̅̅̅̅
OE ≅
̅̅̅̅. This is a pair of congruent side.
OE O

H P
E
Statement 7: Since we have two pairs of congruent angles and one pair of congruent included
angles, ∆HOE ≅ ∆POE by ASA Congruence Postulate.

Illustrative Example 4:

Given: ̅̅̅̅
AC ⊥ ̅̅̅
CS Illustration:
A E
̅̅̅
ES ⊥ ̅̅̅
CS
R
∠A ≅ ∠E
Prove: ∆CAS ≅ ∆SEC
C S

Answer:
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅
AC ⊥ ̅̅̅
CS 1. Given
2. ∠ACS is a right angle 2. Definition of perpendicular segments
3. ̅̅̅
ES ⊥ ̅̅̅
CS 3. Given
4. ∠ESC is a right angle 4. Definition of perpendicular segments
5. ∠ACS ≅ ∠ESC 5. All right angles are congruent
6. ∠A ≅ ∠E 6. Given
̅̅̅ ≅ SC
7. CS ̅̅̅ 7. Reflexive Property of Congruency
10. ∆CAS ≅ ∆SEC 8. AAS Congruence Theorem

13
Explanation:

Statement 1: Always start with one of the given.

Statement 2: Since ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅, by the definition of perpendicular segments, we can say that
AC ⊥ CS
∠ACS is a right angle.
Statements 3: We use the other given about perpendicular segments.

Statement 4: Since ̅̅̅ES ⊥ ̅̅̅

CS , by the definition of perpendicular segments, we can say that
∠ESC is a right angle.
Statement 5: We now have two right angles. Since all right angles are congruent, we can now
have ∠ACS ≅ ∠ESC. This is a pair of congruent angles.
A E

C S
Statement 6: Use the last given statement. That is the second pair of congruent angles.
A E

C S

Statement 7: A segment is always congruent to itself. So, by reflexive property of congruency,

we can say that ̅̅
𝐶𝑆̅̅ ≅ ̅̅
𝑆𝐶̅̅ . That is a pair of congruent side.

A E

C S
Statement 8: Since we have two pairs of congruent angles and one pair of congruent non-
included sides, therefore ∆CAS ≅ ∆SEC by AAS Congruence Theorem.
Proving triangle congruence needs a lot of critical thinking skills. You need to have
patience in understanding so that you will know what postulate and theorem to be used. It is
also helpful to use illustrations for better analysis.

14
 What’s More

Activity 3: Prove It!

Directions: Complete the two-column proof using the choices at the right. Write the letter of
your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Given: A is the midpoint of ̅̅̅

HI Illustration:
∠H ≅ ∠I
F Choices
Prove: ∆FAH ≅ ∆TAI I A. Given
A
B. ∠FAH and ∠TAI are
H vertical angles
C. Definition of congruent
T segments
Proof: ̅̅̅̅ ≅ TA
D. FA ̅̅̅̅
Statements Reasons E. SAS Congruence
1. A is the midpoint of ̅̅̅
HI 1. Postulate
2. 2. Definition of midpoint F. HA = IA
̅̅̅̅ ≅ IA
3. HA ̅̅̅ 3. G. ASA Congruence
4. 4. Given Postulate
5. 5. Definition of vertical angles H. ∠F ≅ ∠T
6. ∠FAH ≅ ∠TAI 6. I. Vertical Angle Theorem
7. ∆FAH ≅ ∆TAI 7. J. ∠H ≅ ∠I

B. Given: ̅̅̅
JU ≅ ̅̅̅̅
NU Illustration:
U
̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠JUN
UE Choices
N A. Given
Prove: ∆JUE ≅ ∆NUE J ̅̅̅̅ ≅ UE
̅̅̅̅
B. UE
C. Definition of segment
bisector
̅̅̅̅ ≅ EU
D. UE ̅̅̅̅
E
E. Definition of angle
Proof:
bisector
Statements Reasons F. JU ≅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅ NU
1. 1. Given G. SAS Congruence
̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠JUN
2. UE 2. Postulate
3. 3. Definition of angle bisector H. ∠JUE ≅ ∠NUE
4. 4. Reflexive Property of I. ASA Congruence
Congruency Postulate
J. ∠JEU ≅ ∠NEU
5. ∆JUE ≅ ∆NUE 5.

15
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the 3-2-1 chart about your learning in proving triangle congruence. Write
your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Congruence postulate that you use in proving triangle congruence.

3 1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________

Parts of the proof table

2 1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________

1 Thing to keep in mind in doing proving triangle congruent

_______________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Prove It to Yourself

Direction: Prove the following by completing the proof table.

Given: ̅̅̅̅
CM bisects ̅̅̅̅
AH Illustration: C
̅̅̅̅
CH ⊥ AH̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ ⊥ AH
MA ̅̅̅̅

Prove: ∆MAR ≅ ∆CHR A

R H

16
Proof:

Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
1. CM bisects AH 1.
2. 2. Definition of segment bisector
3. ̅̅̅̅
CH ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
AH 3. Given
4. 4. Definition of perpendicular segments
5. 5. Given
6. ∠MAR is a right angle 6.
7. ∠MAR ≅ ∠CHR 7.
8. ∠MRA and ∠CRH are vertical angles 8.
9. 9. Vertical Angle Theorem
10. ∆MAR ≅ ∆CHR 10.

Assessment

Directions: Read and analyze each item and choose the correct answer. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ DE
1. Refer to Figure 1. If AB ̅̅̅̅, ∠A ≅ ∠D and ∠C ≅ ∠F, then ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF by what
postulate or theorem? B E
A. AAS Congruence Theorem
B. ASA Congruence Postulate
C. SAS Congruence Postulate
A CD F
D. SSS Congruence Postulate
Figure 1
2. Corresponding parts are marked in Figure 2, how can you prove that ∆ABE ≅ ∆DBC?
A. AAS Congruence Theorem A C
B. ASA Congruence Postulate B
C. SAS Congruence Postulate
D. SSS Congruence Postulate E Figure 2 D
E E
3. Using Figure 3, what additional information is needed to be able to apply the ASA
Congruence Postulate? D
A. ∠DIA ≅ ∠DEA
B. ∠IDA ≅ ∠EDA
C. ̅̅̅
ID ≅ ̅̅̅̅
ED
̅̅̅̅ ≅ DA
D. DA ̅̅̅̅ I E
A
Figure 3

17
4. Refer to Figure 4. Is there enough information to conclude that the two triangles are
congruent? If so, what is the correct congruence statement?
A. Yes; ∆SON ≅ ∆NYS S O
B. Yes; ∆SNO ≅ ∆SNY
C. Yes; ∆OSN ≅ ∆NYO
D. No; not enough information Y N
Figure 4
5. In Figure 5, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆DEF. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. ∠A ≅ ∠E B E
B. ∠C ≅ ∠F
C. ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
DE
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
D. AC ≅ DF A CD F
Figure 5
For item numbers 6 – 8, refer to Figure 6. ∆ABC ≅ ∆DBC.

6. Why is ̅̅̅̅
BC ≅ ̅̅̅̅
BC?
A. concentric C. symmetric
B. reflexive D. transitive B

7. What pair of congruent parts can prove that ∆ABC ≅ ∆DBC by A D

ASA Congruence Postulate given that ∠A ≅ ∠D and ̅̅̅̅AB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
DB?
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
A. BC ≅ BC C. ∠BAC ≅ ∠BDC
B. ∠ABC ≅ ∠DBC D. ∠ACB ≅ ∠DCB

8. Which of the following definition supports the statement:

If m∠A = m∠D, then ∠A ≅ ∠D.
A. Definition of congruent angles C
B. Definition of congruent segments Figure 6
C. Definition of midpoint
D. Definition of perpendicular segments

For item numbers 9 – 11, refer to Figure 7.

̅̅̅̅ and MP
Given: CT ̅̅̅̅ intersect each other at point A.

9. What theorem supports the statement: ∠PAT ≅ ∠MAC.

A. Angle Bisector C. Perpendicular Bisector C M
B. Isosceles Triangle D. Vertical Angle
A
̅̅̅̅ ≅ PT
10.If PT ̅̅̅̅, CP
̅̅̅̅ ≅ MT
̅̅̅̅ and CT
̅̅̅̅ ≅ MP
̅̅̅̅, which two triangles are
congruent?
A. ∆CAP ≅ ∆TAM C. ∆CPT ≅ ∆MTP P T
B. ∆CAM ≅ ∆TAP D. ∆PCM ≅ ∆TMC Figure 7

11. If ∠MCA ≅ ∠PTA and ̅̅̅̅

CM ≅ ̅̅̅̅
TP, which triangle can be proven congruent
by AAS Congruence Theorem?
A. ∆CAP ≅ ∆TAM C. ∆CMP ≅ ∆TMP
B. ∆CAM ≅ ∆TAP D. ∆CMT ≅ ∆TPC

18
For item numbers 12-15. Complete the proof. Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct
answer.
Given: ̅̅̅̅
BA ⊥ ̅̅̅̅AE Illustration:
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ AE
DE ̅̅̅̅
B D
̅̅̅̅ ≅ EG
AF ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ED
AB ̅̅̅̅
C
Prove: ∆ABF ≅ ∆EDG
A E
G F
Proof:
Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ AE
1. BA ̅̅̅̅ 1. Given
2. ∠BAE is a right angle 2. _______(12)_____________
3. ̅̅̅̅
DE ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
AE 3. Given
4. ∠DEA is a right angle 4. Definition of perpendicular segments
5. _________(13)______________ 5. All right angles are congruent
6. _________(14)______________) 6. Given
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ED
7. AB ̅̅̅̅ 7. Given
8. ∆ABF ≅ ∆EDG 8. _______(15)______________
12. A. Definition of congruent angles C. Definition of midpoint
B. Definition of congruent segment D. Definition of perpendicular segments

13. A. ∠BFA ≅ ∠DGE C. ∠CGF ≅ ∠CFG

B. ∠BAE ≅ ∠DEA D. ∠ABF ≅ ∠EDG

̅̅̅̅ ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
14. A. BA AE ̅̅̅̅ ≅ EG
C. AF ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ EF
B. DE ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≅ ED
D. AB ̅̅̅̅

15. A. AAS Congruence Theorem C. SAS Congruence Postulate

B. ASA Congruence Postulate D. SSS Congruence Postulate

Additional Activities

Write a two-column proof for each of the following.

Given: ̅̅
PQ̅̅≅̅̅
RS̅̅ Illustration:
∠PQS ≅ ∠RSQ

Prove: ∆PQS ≅ ∆RSQ

19
 20
What I Know
1. D 6. B 11. B What I Can Do (Act. 4)
2. B 7. C 12. A 1. Given
2. ̅̅
𝐴𝑅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅
𝐻𝑅̅̅
3. D 8. B 13. C
4. D 9. D 14. B 3.
5. B 10. A 15. C 4. ∠𝐶𝐻𝐴 is a right angle
5. 𝑀𝐴 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐴𝐻
What’s In Act. 1 6. Definition of perpendicular segments
1. SAS Congruence Postulate 7. All right angles are congruent
2. SAA Congruence Theorem 8. Definition of vertical angles
3. SSS Congruence Postulate 9. ∠𝑀𝑅𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐶𝑅𝐻
4. SAS Congruence Postulate 10. ASA Congruence Postulate
5. ASA Congruence Postulate
Assessment:
What’s In Act. 2 1. A 6. B 11. B
1. ∠𝐴𝑇𝑀 ≅ ∠𝐻𝑀𝑇, ∆𝑇𝐻𝑀 2. D 7. B 12. D
2. ̅̅
𝑊𝑅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅
𝑅𝑊̅̅̅ , ∆𝑅𝐷𝑊 3. B 8. A 13. B
3. ∠𝐷𝑅𝐸 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐸𝑅 or ∠𝐷𝐸𝑅 ≅ ∠𝐴𝑅𝐸, 4. A 9. D 14. C
∆𝐴𝑅𝐸 5. A 10. C 15. C
What’s More Act. 3 Additional Activities (Act. 6)
A. 1. A
2. F Statement
3. C 1. ̅̅
𝑃𝑄 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝑆
4. J 2. ∠𝑃𝑄𝑆 ≅ ∠𝑅𝑆𝑄
5. B 3. 𝑄𝑆 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑆𝑄
6. I 4. ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆 ≅ ∆𝑅𝑆𝑄
7. G
Reasons
B. 1. F 1. Given
2. A 2. Given
3. H 3. Reflexive Property of Congruency
4. B 4. SAS Congruence Postulate
5. G
What I Have Learned
Answers may vary
Answer Key
Reasons Statements
Proof: