Explain the accessional and declensional Ventilation systems.

• While sending the air into underground the manner of sending the air is important

• In under ground we have many roadways to be ventilated

• Which roadways are to be ventilated first decide the manner of sending the air

• There are two ventilation systems to come under this category

Ascensional and Descensionl Ventilation system:

Ascensional Ventilation

• Ascensional ventilation is the system of supply of air to the lower levels of the district or
faces

• And then allow it to travel to the higher levels before it mixes with the return air as
shown fig. (split-A)

• In this system first of all, the surface air from the fan goes to the deepest levels(
roadways)

• The air ventilates the bottom most workings and then travels upward direction

• While traveling towards upward direction the air removes unnecessary pollutants
 • Finally the air goes to up cast shaft after travelling from lower levels to the upper levels

Advantages:

• Fine damp being lighter than air, is readily carried to higher levels

• Natural ventilation presence assists fan ventilation

• It fan stops, the air will continue to flow in the same direction by natural ventilation

Descensional Ventilation:

• Descensional ventilation is the system of supplying the air to the rise side of the district
and allow it to travel to the lower levels

• And then meets the return air by ventilating all the working places as shown in

fig (split B)

• In this system first of all, the surface air from the fan goes to the upper levels( roadways

• The air ventilates the upper levels and then travels downward direction

• While traveling towards downward direction the air removes unnecessary pollutants

• Finally the air goes to up cast shaft after travelling different levels in the under ground

Advantages

The air has not to pass over drains of the dip side and it reaches the working face in drier
and cooler condition

.List the merits and de-merits of above systems

Merits and Demerits of Ascensional Ventilation:

Merits:

• Fire damp being lighter than air ,smoke ,fumes etc has the tendency to move higher levels

• Natural ventilation assists the fan ventilation because it gets hot during travel in the mine
and has the property to go to higher levels

• If the fan is stopped the air will flow continuously in the same direction by natural
ventilation

• The air is heated by conduction as it courses uphill along the newly exposed faces

• And therefore has a natural tendency to rise towards the return air way
 • In gassy mines it results in rapid dilution of the gas

• The general comfort and safety of work persons is increased

• In dipping face where power stowing is used, dust hazards will be much lower to the
operators on intake side

Demerits:

• In case of ascensional ventilation should there be a reversal of air current purposefully

• There is a possibility of a large increase in the amount of methane through it may exist
for a short period

• The intake air passing over drains of water coming out from stowed goaf increases
humidity in air

Merits and Demerits of Descensional Ventilation

Merits

• In hot deep mines the air become discomfort as it pass over water drains of dip side

• And it reaches the upper working places in drier and cooler conditions

• If it is implemented with ascentional ventilation system

• In such conditions descensional ventilation system is preferred

During hydraulic sand stowing methods in dip side workings the descensional ventilation
system is preferred

• In a shallow mine which is troubled by blackdamp

• Which is heavier than air and tends to move downhill

• The ventilating air made to move downhill along the face will improve

• The ventilation standard by diluting the gas effectively

• In mines at greater depth (1250 m) it is significant to improve hygrometric state

• In hot deep mines the air has not to pass over water drains of the dip side

• The air reach the working face in drier and cooler condition
 • Both dry and wet bulb temperatures are found lower by descensional ventilation in deep
and hot mines

Explain the and Antitropal Ventilation.

Introduction

• The direction of flow of air in the underground against the flow of coal/ mineral is
important for design of ventilation system

• The direction of air along the direction of flow of coal has certain advantages

• The direction of air opposite to the direction of flow of coal has certain advantages

Homotropal Ventilation:

• This term refer to the direction in which the coal travels along the face or in roadways in
relation to the direction of air flow

• Ventilation is homotropal when the ventilation air and the coal flow in the same direction

• The return airway in such case is used as the supply of other materials

• When the air and mineral flow in the same direction, the ventilation method is known as
homotropal ventilation

Direction of airDirection of flow of coal

AntitropalVentilation:

• This term refer to the direction in which the coal travels along the face or in roadways in
relation to the direction of air flow

• When the air and mineral flow in the opposite direction the ventilation method is said to
be antitropal ventilation

Direction of air Direction of flow of coal

Introduction:

• When the air travels from fan drift to different parts of the underground, there is leakage
of air

• And this air also travels through many ventilation devices, leads to the leakage

• In order to control the leakage first we must know the different sources or places of
leakage

• Finally we must take proper precautions to minimise the leakage

Sources of Leakage of Air:

• Doors of fan drift

• Doors of air lock

• A broken glass plane provided for air lock causes heavy leakage

• The space between the cages and shaft walls

• And also between the cages and pit top landing level is covered by wooden lid which is
lifted by the ascending cage

• Ventilation stoppings , ventilation doors and air-crossings

• In the long wall method of coal mining, the roadside pack walls if the goaf is not solid
stowed

• Broken or crushed pillars of coal

• Wrong sitting of underground booster fan