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Position Encoding: M N (N 1) M M

The document describes a method for encoding the positions of unknown users and known base stations into a quantum state. It involves preparing an initial state, applying encoding unitaries based on the distance-dependent phase shifts between each user-station pair, and then performing measurements to extract the phase information and determine the user positions.

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23 views2 pages

Position Encoding: M N (N 1) M M

The document describes a method for encoding the positions of unknown users and known base stations into a quantum state. It involves preparing an initial state, applying encoding unitaries based on the distance-dependent phase shifts between each user-station pair, and then performing measurements to extract the phase information and determine the user positions.

Uploaded by

Vaughan Png
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Position encoding
Given M base station (with index j ) with know location and N user (with index i) with unknown location, the
position encoding in the M N degree of freedom is as followed

Figure 1: Quantum circuit for position/phase encoding for N = 2, M = 3

Step 1: preperation
h i
|0⟩⊗M ⊗N → H|0⟩|0⟩⊗(N −1) X ⊗M |0⟩⊗M


N −1  
O 1  ⊗(N −1) ⊗(N −1)
→ CN OT1,i+1 √ |0⟩|0⟩ + |1⟩|0⟩ |1⟩⊗M
i=1
2
 
1
→ √ |0⟩⊗N + |1⟩⊗N ⊗ |1⟩⊗M

2

where |0⟩⊗N = |0⟩i ⊗ ... ⊗ |0⟩N , X ⊗M = X1 ⊗ ... ⊗ X3 and CN OT1,i+1 is denoted with the rst user's qubit as
control and the rest of the user as target.
The state after the preparation read
 
1
|Ψ⟩prep = √ |0⟩⊗N + |1⟩⊗N ⊗ |1⟩⊗M

2
Step 2 : encoding

Utot |Ψ⟩prep → |Ψ⟩en


where  
1  ⊗N P
⊗N
|Ψ⟩en = √ |0⟩ +e i i,j ϕi,j
|1⟩ ⊗ |1⟩⊗M
2
and
 
N
Y M
Y
Utot = Ci  Uj 
i=1 j=1
 
1 0
with Uj = and Ci [Uj ] is the controlled rotation which has the form of
0 e−iϕj
2

 
1 0 0 0
 0 1 0 0 
Ci [Uj ] = 
 
0 0 1 0 
0 0 0 e−iϕj
Here i is the control (users') qubit and j is the target (stations') qubit. controlled give the following

C0 [U0 ] |00⟩ → |00⟩


C0 [U1 ] |01⟩ → |01⟩
C1 [U0 ] |10⟩ → |10⟩
C1 [U1 ] |11⟩ → eiϕj |11⟩

Step 3 : readout

|Ψ⟩user = T rbase [|Ψ⟩f in ⟨Ψ|f in ]


 
1  ⊗N P
i i,j ϕi,j ⊗N
= √ |0⟩ +e |1⟩
2

k = M × N copies of |Ψ⟩user need to be generated simultaneously to extract the phase ϕi,j

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