National Conference on

Climate Resilient and Sustainable

Development of Horticulture
May 28-31, 2022
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology (CSAUA&T)
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Book of Abstracts

Compiled and Edited by

H.P. Singh
J.S. Parihar
Babita Singh
H. Choudhary
Karam Hussain
A.K. Singh

Amit Singh Memorial Foundation (ASM Foundation)

249, Vijayee Veer Awas, Sector 18-A, Dwarka, New Delhi-110078
Email:ltamitsinghfoundation@gmail.com; asmglobal18@gmail.com
Website:www.confedhorti.org

Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology

(CSAUA&T)
Kanpur- 208001, Uttar Pradesh
H.P. Singh, J. S. Parihar, Babita Singh, H. Choudhary, Karam Hussain and A K Singh, 2020.
Book of Abstracts, Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of Horticulture, ASM
Foundation, New Delhi, 208pp

Published by
Bimla Singh, Managing Trustee
The ASM Foundation
249, Vijayee Veer Awas, Sector 18-A, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110078
and
Vice Chancellor, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology (CSAUA&T),
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Compiled and Edited by

H.P. Singh, New Delhi
J.S. Parihar, Ahmedabad
Babita Singh, New Delhi
H. Choudhary, New Delhi
Karam Hussain, CSAUA&T, Kanpur
A.K. Singh, CSAUA&T, Kanpur

All rights reserved, No part of the Book of Abstracts can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted, by any media, electronic, mechanical, photocopying recording, or
otherwise, without written permission from ASM Foundation, New Delhi and CSAUA&T,
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.

ISBN: 978-81-932266-8-1

Disclaimer: The views expressed by the authors in the Book of Abstracts are their own. They
do not necessarily reflect the views of Lt. Amit Singh Memorial Foundation, New Delhi. The
organizers and editors are in no way responsible for any liability arising out of the Book of
Abstracts.

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(iv)
(v)
 Contents

Preface ............................................................................................................................................... (iii)

TECHNICAL SECTION (Plenary)

Paradigms in Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of Horticulture
- Challenges and Options
1.1 Plenary Lecture
1.1.1 Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of Horticulture-Options and Opportunities ...... 1
H. P. Singh and Babita Singh
1.1.2 Role of Integrated Aquaculture – Crop/Horticulture - Livestock Systems (IACHLS) in
Improving Family Farm Production and Income and Addressing Food Security ...................... 2
Dilip Kumar
1.1.3 Secondary Agriculture: An Approach for Sustainable Development in Horticulture .................... 3
Dinesh Kumar, Manju Gurjar and Sunil Kumar

2.1 Plenary Lecture

2.1.1 Horticulture – A Panacea for Current Challenges of Farmers, Consumers and Ecology ........... 4
Ashok Dalwai
2.1.2 Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of
Horticulture ................................................................................................................................. 5
Narendra Singh Rathore
2.1.3 Integrating Systems of Livestock and Horticulture .................................................................... 5
R. K. Singh
2.1.4 Strategic Research and Technological Changed for Climate Resilient and Sustainable
Horticulture ................................................................................................................................. 6
T. Janakiram
3.1 Plenary Lecture
3.1.1 Milk-Fruits Based Composite Products: Novel Approach for Harnessing the Therapeutic
Virtues of Milk and Fruits ........................................................................................................... 6
Ashish K. Singh and A. K. Srivastava
3.1.2 Drones for Crop Protection – Standard Operating Protocols for Enhanced Productivity
and Sustainability ........................................................................................................................ 7
V. Praveen Rao
3.1.3 Innovative Cutting Edge Technologies for Intensive and Integrated Sustainable Management
of Horticultural Farm. ................................................................................................................. 9
K. P. Singh
3.1.4 Three Decades of Horticulture Research and Development in Haryana ..................................... 9
Arjun Singh Saini, Director General Horticulture
 (viii)

TECHNICAL SESSION-2
Technological Challenges and Approaches for Climate Resilient Development of Horticulture

2.1 Keynote Presentation

2.1.1 Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainability Development of Horticulture in Gujarat . 10
A. R. Pathak, D.K. Varu and P A Pandya
2.1.2 Strategies Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of Horticulture – A
Case Study of A.P. .................................................................................................................... 11
Chiranjiv Choudhary
2.1.3 Strategic development of horticulture in Telangana for resilience to climate change ............... 11
B. Neeraja Prabhakar, A. Bhagwan, A. Kiran Kumar and Veena Joshi
2.1.4 Challenges and Opportunities in Horticulture ............................................................................ 11
Sanjai K. Dwivedi
2.1.5 Regenerative Agriculture Including Horticulture for Resilience to Climate Change and
Sustainability ............................................................................................................................. 12
Babita Singh and H P Singh
2.1.6 Diversification of Alliums in View of Present Climatic Conditions in India .............................. 13
Vijay Mahajan, A.J. Gupta, D.C. Manjunathagowda and Major Singh
2.2.1 Rainfall Variability and Probability Analysis for Estimating Onset of Cropping Season at High
Rainfall Tract of Northern Agro-Climatic Zone of Kerala ........................................................ 13
K. Kandiannan, C.K. Thankamani, V. Srinivasan, K. S. Krishnamurthy
2.2.2 Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) the Agro-forestry Crop and its Resilience to Palm based
Cropping Systems ..................................................................................................................... 14
S. Elain Apshara
2.2.3 Seasonal Variation (Summer and Rainy Season) in Oil Content and Fatty Acid
Composition in Oil Palm Hybrids? ............................................................................................ 15
K. Suresh, P. Anitha, K. Manorama and P. Kiran Babu
2.2.4 Climate Change and its Effects on Horticulture and Agriculture Crops in Uttar Pradesh......... 15
Ajay Kumar, S.N. Pandey, C. B. Singh, Naushad Khan, Karam Husain and
Shivam Mishra
2.2.5 Effect of Global Warming Specially on Horticulture Crop ...................................................... 16
Naushad Khan, Karam Husain, S. N. Pandey, M. Z. Siddiqui, C. B. Singh and
Ajay Kumar
2.2.6 Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Horticultural Crops ............................................ 16
Naushad Khan, Karam Husain, S. N. Pandey, C. B. Singh, Ajay Kumar
and Shivam Mishra
2.2.7 Nutritional and Therapeutic Values of Methi (Trigonella foenum graecum) ............................. 17
Rana Pratap Singh, Brijesh Kumar Maurya, Rajiv and D.P. Singh
2.2.8 Wetland Horticulture: Potential Future Crops ........................................................................... 17
Deepa H. Dwivedi
 (ix)

TECHNICAL SESSION 3
Innovations in Production Systems Management of Perennial Horticulture for
Climate Resilient and Sustainability
3.1 Keynote Presentation
3.1.1 Technological Options for Sustainable Horticultural Production Management
System in Wastelands ............................................................................................................... 19
D.R. Singh
3.1.2 Knowledge Diffusion for Sustainable Development of Horticulture......................................... 19
Suresh K. Malhotra
3.1.3 Strategies and Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Production of Litchi ........... 21
Vishal Nath, Krishna Prakash and Dipak Kumar Gupta
3.1.4 Strategies for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of Oil Palm .............................. 22
K. Manorama and R.K. Mathur
3.1.5 Climate Resilient and Sustainable Production of Mango and Guava in India ........................... 22
M. Sankaran and M. R. Dinesh
3.1.6 Strategic Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Production of Plantation
Crops in India ........................................................................................................................... 23
P. Rethinam and K.Suresh
3.1.7 Innovations in Value Chain Management of Arid Fruits and Vegetables ................................... 23
P. L. Saroj and Vijay Rakesh Reddy
3.1.8 Climate Resilient Approaches for Sustainable Coconut Production .......................................... 24
Anitha Karun1, and K. Muralidharan
3.1.9 Post-Independence Scenario of Table Grape Cultivation in India ............................................ 25
R.G. Somkuwar and Dhananjay N. Gawande
3.1.9 Phenophase Based Inputs for Enhanced Physiological Activity Parameters Contributing
Towards Productivity ............................................................................................................... 25
R.H. Laxman
3.1.10 Climate Resilient Sustainable Technologies of Dryland Fruits for Economic and
Health Security .......................................................................................................................... 25
A.K. Singh
3.1.11 Physiological Understanding of Abiotic Factors in Production of Subtropical Fruits .............. 26
A.K. Trivedi
3.1.12 Emerging Tropical Fruit Crops for Domestic and International Markets ................................. 27
Kundan Kishore
3.2 Oral Presentation
3.2.1 Sustainable Production Moringa for Improving the Immunity system .................................... 28
Sudha Vani
3.2.2 Role of Melatonin in Flowering, Fruit Set and Fruit Ripening in Fruit crops ........................... 29
Ankit Kumar Pandey, Sanjay Sahay and Ankur Kumar Rai
3.2.3 Gross Return Maximization Through Inclusion of Vegetables Crops as Intercrops and
Application of Bio -agents in Sole Crop of Banana in District Lakhimpur-Kheri of U.P. ......... 29
Pradeep Kumar Bisen, S. Singh, M. Suhail, S. K. Vishwakarma, N. K. Tripathi
& J. L. Gupta
3.2.4 A Super Future Fruit of India: Dragon Fruit ............................................................................. 30
Pragya Mishra, Seema Sonkar, Suman Devi, Atul Yadav and H.G. Prakash
 (x)

3.2.5 Viticultural Practices to Prevent Bunch Compactness and Improvement in Quality and Colour
Development in Grapes cv. Red Globe ..................................................................................... 30
H.K. Porika, J. Satisha, K.K. Upreti and Mohan Kumar
3.3 Poster Presentation
3.3.1 Neem Tree - A Must for Every Household for Sustainable Development ................................ 31
Devendra Swaroop, Jagdish Kishore and Arvind Kumar Singh
3.3.2 Intercropping of Azad Dhaniya-1 in Banana Plantain Crop ...................................................... 32
Mohd. Suhail, P. K. Bisen, S.K. Vishwakarma, Sanjay Singh
N. K. Tripathi and J. L. Gupta ............................................................................................. 32
3.3.3 Effect of Temperature Rise on Crop Growth & Productivity in Central Plain Zone in
Uttar Pradesh ........................................................................................................................... 33
Ajay Kumar, S. N. Pandey, C. B. Singh, Naushad Khan, Karam Husain
and Shivam Mishra
3.3.4` Economic Impact of Agro-meteorological Advisories Services (AAS) on Onion and Garlic
Crop under Fatehpur District of UP ......................................................................................... 33
Wasim Khan, Arvind Kumar Singh and Vivek Kumar Dubey
3.3.5 Doubling Farmer’s Income through Intercropping of Garlic with Sataver
(Asparagus racemosus) ............................................................................................................ 34

TECHNICAL SESSION-4
Innovations in Production System Management for Vegetables, Tubers, Spices
and Flowers and Sustainability
4.1 Keynote Presentation
4.1.1 Climate Resilient and Sutainable Development of Vegetables .................................................... 35
Bijendra Singh
4.1.2 Climate Smart Horticulture ....................................................................................................... 37
Prabhat Kumar and Sunil D Gorantiwar
4.1.3 Impact & Improvement Strategies for Climate Resilience and Sustainability in
Onion & Garlic ......................................................................................................................... 38
Major Singh Vijay Mahajan and A. Thangasamy
4.1.4 Strategies Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Production of Seed Spices ........ 39
Gopal Lal
4.1.5 Strategic Approaches for Climate-resilient and Sustainable Production of Potato ................... 39
Manoj Kumar, V. K. Dua, S. K. Luthra, Sanjay Rawal and Pooja Mankar
4.1.6 Strategies Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Production of Onion and Garlic 40
P.K. Gupta, P. Bhasker and S. Singh
4.1.7 Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Production of Cut Flowers ........................ 41
Ranjan K. Srivastava, Parul Punetha and Manpreet Singh Preet
4.1.8 Strategies and Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of
Ornamental Horticulture ............................................................................................................ 41
K.V. Prasad
4.1.9 Economically Important Endangered, Rare and Threatened Medicinal Plants and their
Conservation ............................................................................................................................. 42
A.K. Johri
4.1.10 Strategic Approaches for Climate Resilient Production of Mushrooms ................................... 45
V.P. Sharma and Sudheer Kumar
 (xi)

4.1.11 Strategies for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Poduction of Spices ...................................... 46
K. Kandiannan*, K.S. Krishnamurthy, V. Srinivasan, S.J. Ankegowda
C.K. Thankamani, J. Rema and K. Nirmal Babu
4.1.12 Recent Progress in Vegetable Grafting - a Tool to Combat Biotic Stress ................................. 46
L. Pugalendhi and H. Usha Nandhini Devi

4.2Oral Presentation
4.2.1 Identification of CMS-S Male-sterile Cytoplasm among the Bunching Onion
(Allium fistulosum L.) Collections ............................................................................................ 47
Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda, Vijay Mahajan, Ram Dutta,
Major Singh
4.2.2 Underutilized Vegetables for Nutritional Security ...................................................................... 48
Nimisha Awasthi, Arvind Kumar Singh, Chandrakala Yadav and Alka Katiyar
4.2.3 Effect of Weather Parameters on Yield and YVMV Incidence in Okra..................................... 48
C. Sarada, A. Rajani and T. Vijaya Lakshmi
4.2.4 Characterization of Wild Relatives of Tomato .......................................................................... 49
Sourav Roy, Pamoti Pradip Kumar and Chandan Karak
4.2.5 Manifestation of Heterosis for Different in Fruit Characters Tomato ...................................... 50
Chandan Karak, Sourav Roy, Manjunath, K.V.
4.2.6 Brunt of Climate Change and Spice Crops: Community Participation and Resilience .............. 50
A B Sharangi and S K Acharya
4.2.7 Grafting Eggplant Cultivars on Rootstock of Cultivated Variety can Increase Yield, Extend
Harvest Period and Impart Yield Tolerance in Bacterial wilt Infected Field .............................. 51
Imtinungsang Jamira, Asit Kumar Mandala and Arup Chattopadhyay
4.2.8 Performance of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Arka rakshak for Growth and
Yield under Polyhouse in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand ............................................................. 52
Aalok G. Yewale, C. Tiwari, Naveen Tariyal3 and Shikha
4.2.9 Assessment of Yield of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)] Yariety
VL Bhindi- 2 Under Improved Agronomic Practices in Western Himalaya of Uttarakhand ..... 52
Shikha1, Aalok G.Yewale and C. Tiwari
4.2.10 Kharif Chickpea: A New Crop for theVegetable Purpose .......................................................... 53
S. Gurumurthy, K. R. Soren, Karam Husain, Jagadish Rane and Himanshu Pathak
4.2.11 Orchid based multi-cropping/ Vertical farming ......................................................................... 54
Rakesh Kumar Singh,R. H. Ch. Sangma and D.R. Singh
4.2.12. Ultra High Density Planting of Potato by using Sprouted Eye pieces under Tropical Climate 54
Suchitra. V, A. Bhagwan and B.Neeraja Prabhakar
4.2.13 Evaluation of Different Onion Varieties for Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield ........................ 55
Arjun Lal Ola, A.K. Pandey, Gaurav Sharma, Saurbh Singh
Maneesh Pandey, Lavlesh, Devesh Tiwari and B.C. Shivran
4.3 Poster Presentation
4.3.1 Field Evaluation of Happy Seeder with Conventional Sowing (farmer practices) in
CRM Adopted Village-Jirauli Kala District Hathras. .................................................................. 55
Kamal Kant, Pushpa Devi, S. K. Rawat, Man Singh2 Sanjay Kumar
Sushil Kumar, A. K. Singh
4.3.2 Front Line Demonstrations for Computing Yield and Yield Gap of Wheat Productivity in
Hardoi District of U.P. .............................................................................................................. 56
D. K. Mishra, Ram Prakash, Mukesh Singh, D. B. Singh and C. P. N. Gautam
 (xii)

4.3.3 Dynamics of Organic Indian Spices to Meet the Nutritional Security During
Pandemic Covid-19 ................................................................................................................... 56
Sanjive Kr. Singh, Nirankar and P.K. Singh
4.3.4 Role of Vegetable crops in Doubling Farmers’ Income ............................................................ 57
Balwant Singh Sachan, Mohd. Shamim, Birendra Kumar, Bhartendu Yadav,
Raj Karan Sahu
TECHNICAL SESSION-5
Innovations for Climate Smart Production Systems in Horticulture
for Resilience to Climate Change
5.1.1 An Experience in Vegetable Nursery for Sustainable Development of Horticulture
– A Case study Haryana ............................................................................................................ 58
Manoj Kumar, Joint Director Horticulture and Sudhir Kumar
5.1.2 Design and Development of Vertical Horticulture and Greenhouse Technology
for Production of Vegetables and Flowers................................................................................ 58
S.R. Singh
5.1.3 Protected Cultivation Technologies:Play A Key Role for Climate Resilient and Sustainable
Development of Horticultural Crops ......................................................................................... 58
Awani Kumar Singh and Indra Mani
5.1.4 Strategic Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Production of Potato Seed ........... 59
B.P. Singh
5.2 Oral Presentation ........................................................................................................... 60
5.2.1 Performance of Apple Ber on Different Training Systems ........................................................ 60
P.H. Nikumbhe, P. R. Meghwal, O. P. Meena and Pramendra
5.2.2 Effect of Seedling Uprooting Time and Pruning on Yield and Related Traits in Onion
(Allium cepa L.) ....................................................................................................................... 60
Y. P. Khade, V. Mahajan, R.P. Singh, A. Gavhane and M. Singh
5.2.3 Scientific Nursery Raising of Directly Sown Cucurbitaceous Crops: A Way to
Enhancing Income .................................................................................................................... 61
Sudhir Kumar and Ashraf Ali Khan
5.2.4 Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Induction of Novel Colour in Chrysanthemum
(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
Tarak Nath Saha, K. V. Prasad, Ganesh B. Kadam, P. Naveen Kumar and D.V.S. Raju
5.2.5 Strategies for Uniform Colour Development in Grapes under Tropical Conditions ................... 62
Ajay Kumar Sharma, R. G. Somkuwar, Nishant A. Deshmukh and Prashant H. Nikumbhe
5.2.6 A Successful Tissue Culture model of Banana ........................................................................... 63
Anil B. Patil
5.2.7 Efficacy of Agro Charger as Yield enhancer in cumin and coriander......................................... 63
N. Chaudhary*, K. Kant, P. N. Dubey and R. D. Meena
5.2.8 Effect of Fruit Thinning on Fruit Quality in Banana Variety Grand Nain ................................... 64
Kalyansing B. Patil
5.2.9 Light Emitting Diodes A New Reality in Horticulture ................................................................. 64
Meikam Ichancha, Subhen du Shekhar Gantait, Daripalli Srilakshmi Suraksha
Rai and Kunal Debbarma
 (xiii)

5.3 Poster Presentation ....................................................................................................... 65

5.3.1 Effect of Intercropping of Vegetable Crops as Well as Rice Crop by Changing the Spacing in
Sugarcane Crop in Mid-plains of Uttar Pradesh” ..................................................................... 65
Pradeep Kumar Bisen, M. Suhail, S.K. Vishwakarma, S. Singh, N. K. Tripathi
& J.L. Gupta
5.3.2 Environmental Sustainability through New System of Compositing .......................................... 66
Jitendra Singh, Arvind Kumar Singh and Sadhana Vaish
5.3.3 Evaluation of Bio-efficacy of Oxyfluorfen 20% + Clodinafop- Propargyl 5%
DF Against Weed in Onion Crop ............................................................................................... 66
Manoj Mishra1, R. A. Yadav, Anil Kumar Sachan, Prashun Sachan
and Arvind Kumar
5.3.4 Cost Benefit Analysis of Vegetables in Kanpur Region ............................................................... 67
Birendra Kumar*, Balwant Singh sachan, Anil Kumar Sachan, Bhartendu Yadav
and Raj Karan Sahu
5.3.5 Role of Vegetable Crops in Doubling Farmers’ Income ............................................................. 67
Balwant Singh Sachan, Shamim Ahmad, Birendra Kumar, Bhartendu Yadav and
Raj Karan Sahu
5.3.6. Enhancing Farmers’ Income by Adopting Integration of Different Agricultural Enterprises .... 68
Raj Karan Sahu, Birendra Kumar, Rakesh Kr. Singh, Bhartendu Yadav
5.3.7 Studies on Floral Biology in Different Cultivars of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) ....................... 68
A.M. Butani , Puja H. Vyas, Lata J. Raval and D.K. Varu

Technical Session-6
Varietal Improvement for Resilience to Climate Change and Sustainability in Production

6.1.1 Fruit Breeding in India: Achievements and Way Forward .......................................................... 69

B.N.S. Murthy, M. Sankaran and P.S. Nitin
6.1.2 Biotechnological Approaches for Climate Resilient Vegetable Crops Development .................... 70
Tusar Kanti Behera, Pallavi Mishra and Achuit Kumar Singh
6.1.3 Innovations in Vegetable Breeding for Improving Resilience towards Climate Change ............. 70
Harshawardhan Choudhary and B.S. Tomar
6.1.4 Bio-technological Approaches for Resilience to Climate Change in Sub-Tropical Fruits ........... 72
Anju Bajpai
6.1.5 Biotechnological Approaches for Improving Horticulture Productivity ..................................... 72
M. Feza Ahamad, Rajni Rajan

6.2 Oral Presentation ........................................................................................................... 72

6.2.1 Performance of F1C3 Potato clones in West-Central Plain........................................................ 72
Babita Chaudhary, S.K. Luthra1 and Dalamu
6.2.2 Evaluation of Papaya lines for PRSV Tolerance and Horticultural Traits ................................... 73
G.K. Mahapatro, Swati Saha and K. Chandrashekar
6.2.3 Studies on Evaluation of Chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) Genotypes with High Yield
and Capsaicin for Industrial Purpose. ....................................................................................... 74
H. Usha Nandhini Devi and L. Pugalendhi
6.2.4 Breeding for Improved Yield in Bottle Gourd ............................................................................. 74
A K. Singh and P. Bhavana
 (xiv)

6.2.5 Biotechnological Interventions for Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Crop Improvement ....... 75
B. Kalyana Babu, R. K. Mathur, G. Ravichandran, B. Susanthi, M. V. B. Venu
P. Anitha, H. P. Bhagya
6.2.6 Marker Assisted Selection of Dwarf Traits in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ..................... 76
H. P. Bhagya, R.K. Mathur, B. Kalyana Babu, G. Ravichandran, and P. Anitha
6.2.7 Mapping of Quantitative Trait loci (QTLs) for Bunch Traits using SSRs in African Oil Palm
(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ........................................................................................................... 76
Anitha Pedapati, B. Kalyana Babu, R. K. Mathur, G. Ravichandran, H. P. Bhagya
and M.V.B. Venu
6.2.8 Performance of Ajwain (Trachyspermumammi L.) Genotypes for Growth and Seed Yield in
Different Locations Across the Country ................................................................................... 77
S. S.Meena, Y.K.Sharma and M.D.Meena
6.2.9 Screening of Turmeric Germplasm for Resistance to Rhizomerot, Leaf Spot and Leaf Blotch
Diseases under Field Conditions ............................................................................................... 78
Ch. Ruth, K. Gopal, C. B. Srinivasulu and K. Swarajalakshmi
6.2.10 Evaluation of Garden Pea: its Proximate Composition and Physiochemical Properties
Analyzed by New Technology .................................................................................................. 79
Mamta Rathore1 and H. G. Prakash
6.2.11 Evaluation of Fenugreek Genotypes forLeafy Purpose ............................................................ 79
B. Tanuja Priya, K. Giridhar and C. Sarada
6.2.12 Evaluation of Promising Coriander Genotypes for Yield and Quality ....................................... 80
K. Giridhar, B. Tanuja Priya, N. Hariprasad Rao and C. Sarada
6.2.13 Inducing Variability through Physical And Chemical Mutagens and Screening of
Mutants in Gladiolus Cultivar Prince of Orange ....................................................................... 80
Sheeba Belwal, Ranjan Srivastava, B.D. Bhuj, Ajit Kumar, Satish Chand
Swapnil Bharti and Ranjeet Singh

6.3 Poster Presentations

6.3.1 Assessment of High Yielding Varieties of Mustard through Front Line Demonstration in District
Hathras ...................................................................................................................................... 81
S. R. Singh and A. K. Singh
6.3.2 Genetic Variability, Heritability and Correlation Coefficient in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) .... 82
S. P. Sachan, K. P. Singh, D. P. Singh and Rajiv
6.3.3 Studies on Varietal Trial with Different Genotypes of Onion (Allium cepa L.) ......................... 82
Suraj Katiyar, P. K. Singh, R. B. Singh, Ram Pyare, H. V. Dube and R. K. Pal
6.3.4 Adoption Level of Improved Varieties of Vegetables ................................................................... 83
J. L. Gupta, S. K. Vishwakarma, P. K. Bisen, Sanjay Singh, Mohd. Suhail
and N. K. Tripathi
6.3.5 Varietal Performance of Table Potato (Solanumtuberosum. L)in the central UP ........................ 83
A. K. Yadav, H. V. Dube, Ram Pyare, P. K. Singh Suraj Katiyar and R. K. Pal
6.3.6 Genetic Divergence and Selection of Genotypes in Bottle Gourd (Lagenariasiceraria) ............. 84
I. N. Shukla, Harish Chandra and P. K. Tiwari
6.3.7 Performance Evaluation of Different Varieties of Tomato’s at Farmer’s Fields of
Aligarh District of Uttar Pradesh .............................................................................................. 84
Sudhir Kumar and Ashraf Ali Khan
 (xv)

6.3.8 Studies on Genetic Variability Correlation and Path Analysis in Brinjal (Solenum melongena L) 85
P. K. Tiwari, I. N. Shukla, Rajiv and Rishabh Tiwari
6.3.9 Evaluation of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Genotypes for Yield and its Contributing Trails ........ 86
P. K. Singh, Suraj Katiyar, R. B. Singh, Ram Pyare, R. K. Pal and A. K.Yadav
6.3.10 Performance of Banana Genotypes Under Gangetic Alluvial Zone of West Bengal ................. 86
F. K. Bauri and D. K. Misra
6.3.11 Use of NBPGR-PDS (Passport Datasheets) APP: a Precision Tool in Management of
Plant Genetic Resources ........................................................................................................... 87
Ankur Tomar, Anjula Pandey, K.C. Bhatt, S.P. Ahlawat

TECHNICAL SESSION-7
Water Management for Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change for Sustainable
Development of Horticulture
7.1.1 Enhancing Water Productivity for Resilient and Sustainable Development of Horticulture ....... 88
H.P. Singh and Babita Singh
7.1.2 Strategies Approaches in Micro irrigation for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Horticulture ... 89
T.B.S. Rajput
7.1.3 New Paradigms in Micro irrigation for Enhancing Water Productivity and Achieving
Nutritional Security ................................................................................................................... 89
N.K. Gontia and H.D. Rank
7.1.4 Micro Irrigation – An Option for Sustainable Use of Water for Horticulture Development ....... 90
C.B. Harinatha Reddy

7.2 Oral Presentation

7.2.1 Adoption of Drip Fertigation is a need of hour for Bumper and Export Quality productions of
Horticulture crops ..................................................................................................................... 91
B.D. Jade
7.2.2 Effect of Dosage and Frequency of Fertigation on Production, Productivity and Quality of
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Banganpalli. .......................................................................... 92
J. Ravi Kanth, A. Bhagwan, A. Kiran Kumar, S. Narender Reddy, M. Sreedhar
and Purnima Mishra
7.2.3 Fertigation Practices in the Scenario of Climate Change ........................................................... 92
Anil Kumar Nair
8. TECHNICAL SESSION-8
Nutrient Management for Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change and Sustainable Production
8.1.1 Climate Smart Nutrient Management in Fruit Crops .................................................................. 93
A.K. Srivastava
8.1.2 Complimenting Nutritional Needs of Horticulture Crops and the Use of “Wealth”
Biostimulants as Supplements ................................................................................................... 94
Sanjay Singh
8.1.3 Organic Farming A Way Forward for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Horticulture ............... 95
R.A. Ram
8.1.4. Drip-Fertigation Technology Assisted Precision Farming-Future of Horticultural
Crop Production ....................................................................................................................... 96
P. Soman
 (xvi)

8.2 Oral Presentation

8.2.1 Effect of Biofertilizers Inoculation on Onion Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility Status ... 97
Thangasamy, A., Gawande, S.J., Komal Gade, Pranjali, A. Gedam, Vijay Mahajan
and Major Singh
8.2.2 Performance of Traditional Rcented rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Followed by Broccoli
(Brassica oleracea var. italica) under Organic Mode of Cultivation .......................................... 97
S. K. Yadav, D. K. Singh, Kirti Sharma, Yogesh Sharma & Supriya Tripathi
8.2.3 Yield and Economics of Coriander under Organic Farming ....................................................... 98
Rajiv, K. P. Singh and D. P. Singh
8.2.4 Effect of Foliar NPK (19:19:19) and Micronutrient Application on Seed Yield and Quality of
Vegetable Pea ............................................................................................................................. 99
D. P. Singh and Rajiv
8.2.5 Effect of Major Nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) on Yield and Quality of
Rainy Season Onion (Allium cepa L.) Raised from Seedling ................................................. 100
Ram Batuk Singh, Ashutosh Upadhyay, Pranjal Singh
8.2.6 Effect of Foliar Application of Micro Nutrients on Growth Yield and Quality of Onion
(Allium Cepa L.) ..................................................................................................................... 100
I. N. Shukla, R. B. Singh, P. K. Tiwari, P. K. Singh and Gaurav Verma
8.2.7 yield and Quality Status of aonla cv. NA-7 as influenced by Integrated Nutrient
Management ............................................................................................................................ 101
V. K. Tripathi, S. Bahadur and R. K. S. Gautam
8.2.8 Effect of Organic Inputs and Biofertilizers on Growth and Flower Yield of African
Marigold (Tagetes erecter L.) .................................................................................................. 102
N. Sumana, K.S. Lakshmi„ K.M. Yuvaraj, Y.S.K. Reddy
8.2.9 Impact of Organic Manures, PGPR and Micro Nutrients on Physiological Aspects, Yield,
Quality and Nutrient Uptake in Ajwain (Trachyspermumammi L) ........................................... 102
G. S. Thanuja*, B. Srinivasulu, K. M. Yuvaraj, K. Giridhar and K. Umakrishna
8.2.10 Effect of Stage Specific Fertigation Schedules on Growth and Yield of Parthenocarpic Cucum-
ber under Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse................................................................................ 103
M. Ravindra Babu, T. Thomson, R. V. S. K. Reddy and P. Ashok

8.3 Poster Presentation

8.3.1 Effect of Agri-Lime, Molybdenum and Sulphur Application on Green Pod Yield of Cowpea
(Vignaunguiculata) ................................................................................................................. 104
I. N. Shukla, U. C. Mishra, P. K. Tiwari and Rajiv
8.3.2 Replacement of Inorganic Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer for Higher Yield and
Quality of Okra ....................................................................................................................... 104
Khalil Khan, Arvind Kumar Singh, Ashok Kumar and Arun Kumar Singh
8.3.3 Scientific Method in Raising Nursery of Direct Sown Cucurbitaceous Crops: A Way for
Enhancing Income .................................................................................................................. 105
Sudhir Kumar and Ashraf Ali Khan
8.3.4 Effect of Foliar Application of NAA, GA3 and Zinc Sulphate on Fruit Drop, Growth, Yield and
Quality of Ber cv. Banarasi Karaka ......................................................................................... 106
R. K. S. Gautam, Poornima and V. K. Tripathi
8.3.5 A Case Study: Assessment and Management of Sodic land Reclamation Impact at
District level ............................................................................................................................ 107
Jitendra Singh, Sadhana Vaish and Arvind Kumar Singh
 (xvii)

8.3.6 Promoting Organic Farming: A Low-Cost Method to Increase Agricultural Productivity ....... 107
Sadhana Vaish, Jitendra Singh and Arvind Kumar Singh
8.3.7 Response of Boron and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) .... 108
Sanjay Kumar, S.B. Pal, A.K. Singh, R.N. Singh and B.K. Sharma
8.3.8 Integrated Management of Yellow Mosaic Virus of green gram (Vigna mungo) under
Pulse-wheat Cropping System in District of Hathras (U.P.) .................................................. 108
S.R. Singh and A.K Singh
8.3.9 Effect of Foliar Spray of Nutrient and Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Quality of Winter
Season Guava Cv. Allahabad Safeda ....................................................................................... 109
A. K. Dwivedi, Abhilash Kumar Tiwari and V.K. Tripathi
8.3.10 Studies on Macro-Nutrient Requirement of Potato (Solanumtuberosum. L) ......................... 110
Ram Pyare, A.K. Yadav, H.V. Dube, P.K. Singh, SurajKatiyar and R.K. Pal
8.3.11 Organic farming Towards Improving Farmer Socio-Economic Profile ................................. 110
Birendra Kumar, Anjani Kr. Singh, Raj Karan Sahu, Bhartendu Yadav
8.3.12 Influence of Zinc, Boron and Molybdenum on Yield Attributing Characters and Seed Yield of
Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) ............................................................................................... 111
Rishabh Kumar Singh and others

TECHNICAL SESSION-9
Plant Health Management for Resilience to Climate Change and Sustainability in production

9.1.1 Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of Horticulture ................................................ 111

Agarwal, R.G. and Dr. Tomar, A.S.
9.1.2 Innovations in Pest Management System for Resilient and Sustainable
Development in Horticulture ................................................................................................... 112
A.K. Karnatak
9.1.3 Bio-intensive Management of Insect Pests in Horticulture Crops ............................................ 113
H.S. Singh and Gundappa Baradevanal
9.1.4 Recent Trends in Developing Molecular Diagnostics for Virus/ Virus-like Pathogens Infecting
Horticultural Crops and their Novel Management Strategy .................................................... 113
Dilip K. Ghosh
9.1.5 Effective Management of Insect Pests for Sustainable Development of Horticulture ............. 114
A.K. Chakravarthy
9.1.6 The role NRL, ICAR-NRC for Grapes, in Managing Pesticide Residues in Fruits and
Vegetables ................................................................................................................................ 115
T.P. Ahammed Shabeer and Kaushik Banerjee
9.1.7. Organic Crop Health Management in Herbal Plants: A Paradigm Shift in Agro-tourism
in India .................................................................................................................................... 116
Krishna Kumar and Dinesh Rai
9.1.8 Diagnostic and Sustainable Management of Disease Sub-tropical Fruits ................................. 117
P.K. Shukla
9.1.9 Harnessing Plant Microbiome for Disease Management of Horticultural Crops:
Changing Paradigms ............................................................................................................... 117
Popy Bora
 (xviii)

9.2 Oral Presentations

9.2.1 Management of Citrus Scab and Citrus Scan and Canker with Fungicides and Antibiotics in
Sweet orange .......................................................................................................................... 118
T. Rajasekharam, K. Gopal, L. Mukundalakshmi, D. Srinivasa Reddy K.T. Venkata
Ramana5 and R. V. S. K. Reddy
9.2.2 Harnessing Pesticidal Efficacy of Rhizospheric Bacillus spp against Oligonychus coffeae of Tea,
Camellia sinensis ..................................................................................................................... 119
Sukanya Gogoi, Popy Bora and Mridupol Handique
9.2.3 The potential Habitat of Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman in India under CMIP6
Projections .............................................................................................................................. 119
V, Karuppaiah, R. Maruthadurai., D. Bappa, P.S. Soumia, V. Mahajan and M. Singh
9.2.4 Evaluation of New Insecticides Against Leaf Curl Virus Vector of Tomato
(Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.) ............................................................................................. 120
Bhupendra Kumar Singh, Dhananjai Singh, V. B. Jaiswal and M. K. Singh
9.2.5 Evaluation of New Fungicides Against Black Scurf Disease of a Potato ................................. 120
Bhupendra Kumar Singh, V. B. Jaiswal, M. K. Singh and Dhananjai Singh
9.2.6 Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer of Brinjal through Bio-pesticides ................................. 121
Abhimanyu Yadav and Sanjai Kumar
9.2.7 Effect of Different Insecticides and Biopesticides Against Fruit Borer
(Helicoverpa armigera Hubner)
on Tomato crop ...................................................................................................................... 122
Ram Singh Umaro, Umesh Chandra, Y.P. Malik and D.R. Singh
9.2.8 Studies on the Population Dynamics of Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner on
Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. in Relation to Abiotic Factors and Management
with Natural Compounds. ....................................................................................................... 123
Shailendra Pratap Singh, R. K. Dwivedi, Pawan Singh Ankit Upadhyay
and Aditya Bhadauriya
9.2.9 Effect of Insecticides and its Combination for the Management of Insect and
Diseases of Onion (Allium cepa L) ........................................................................................ 124
R. K. Pal, R. B. Singh, P. K. Singh, Suraj Katiyar, A. K. Yadav, H. V. Dube and
Ram Pyare
9.2.10 Effect of Rhizobium and PSB Inoculation with Foliar Spray of Micronutrient on Yield and
Quality Attributes of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer Kabulium L.) .................................................... 124
Ashish Kumar Srivastava and Shubham Singh
9.2.11 Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer of Brinjal on Farmers, Fields at Hathras
District of Uttar Pradesh ......................................................................................................... 125
S.R. Singh, Omkar Singh Yadav, Aditya Kumar and A.K.Singh
9.2.12 Production and Management of Quality Planting of fruits ..................................................... 126
D. Pandey
9.2.13 Screening of Promising Germplasm of Vegetable Pea Against Major Insect Pests ................ 126
R. K. Pal, K. P. Singh and P. K. Singh
9.2.14 Impact of Climate Change on Potato Cultivars Against Late Blight Disease in
Subtropical Plains of India ...................................................................................................... 126
Mehi Lal1, Sanjeev Sharma, V. K. Dua and Manoj Kumar
9.2.15 The Management of Common Scab Disease of Potato (Solanumtuberosum. L) in
Central U.P. ............................................................................................................................. 127
P. K. Singh, A. K. Yadav, H. V. Dube, Ram Pyare, Suraj Katiyar and R. K. Pal
 (xix)

9.2.16 Application of Silver Nanoparticles for the Management of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato Caused
by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ............................................................................. 128
Saurabh Kumar, S. K. Biswas, Kishan Lal, Shivam Kumar and Ravi Kumar
9.2.17 Comparable Study on Coloured Sticky Traps for Onion thrips ............................................. 128
P.K. Gupta and M.K.Pathak
9.2.18 Management of Sclerotinia Blight of Brinjal ........................................................................... 129
Vivek Singh and U.K.Tripathi
9.2.19 Efficacy of Some Plant Extract Against Banana PseudostemWeevil, Odoiporus
longicollis Oliver .................................................................................................................... 130
Annabhatula Sasidhar, Inee Gogoi and Jabanika Hazarika
9.2.20 SeasonalAbundance of Banana Leaf and Fruit Scarring Beetle
(Basilepta subcostatum, Jacoby) ............................................................................................ 130
Karanika Gogoi and Inee Gogoi

9.3 Poster Presentation

9.3.1 Studies on Host Preference of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. and its Ecofriendly
Management ............................................................................................................................ 131
Pawan Singh, R. B. Singh, R. K. Dwivedi, Aditya Bhadauriya, Ankit Upadhyay
9.3.2 Studies of the Infestation Caused by Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. and Mustard
Sawfly, Athalia lugens proxima Klug. and their Safer Management on Mustard, Brassica
campestris L. ........................................................................................................................... 131
Mahandra Pal Singh, R. K. Dwivedi, Rahul Kumar, Pawan Singh, Omendra Sharma
9.3.3 Evaluation of Newer Insecticides Against Major Insect Pests viz- Yellow Stem Borer,
Scripophaga incertulas walk., Green Leaf Hopper, Nephotettix virescens Dist. Gundhi
Bug, Leptocorisa acuta Thon. and Rice leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Gn.
and their Effective Management on Rice ................................................................................ 132
Anuj Kumar, Fazal Ahamad, R. K. Dwivedi, Ankit Upadhyay, Pramod Kumar Mishra
9.3.4 Development of IPM Module for the Management of Major Insect Pests of Sesame ............ 133
R. K. Pal and M. Mishra
9.3.5 Flowering, Fruiting, Yield and Quality Parameters of Papaya as ipInfluenced by Integrated
Nutrient Management .............................................................................................................. 133
Amar Singh, V. K. Tripathi and A. K. Dwivedi
9.3.6 Integrated Disease Management of Leaf Curl Virus of Chilli on farmers, fields of
Hathras District ....................................................................................................................... 134
S. R. Singh, Omkar Singh Yadav, Aditya Kumar and A. K. Singh
9.3.7 Relative Abundance of Natural Enemies in Rice Eco System .................................................. 135
C. P. N. Gautam and Dr Ram Veer
9.3.8 Management of Potato Black Scurf ......................................................................................... 135
C. P. N. Gautam, Jagdish Kishor, A. K. Singh, Priya Vashishata and Ram Prakash
9.3.9 Role Bio-agents in Integrated Pest Management ...................................................................... 136
Jagdish Kishor, C. P. N. Gautam, A. K. Singh, P. Pal, Mukesh Singh and D. K. Mishra
9.3.10 Management of Black Scurf of Potato Caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn through
Fungicides and Fungal Antagonists at Farmers’ Field ............................................................ 136
Ram Palat, Ashraf Ali Khan and A. K. Singh
9.3.11 Role of Granular Insecticides in the Management of Sucking Pests in Potato
(Solanumtuberosum. L) ........................................................................................................... 137
R. K. Pal, A. K. Yadav, H. V. Dube, Ram Pyare, P. K. Singh and Suraj Katiyar
 (xx)

9.3.12 Effect of Sowing Dates and Cultivars on Late Blight Disease and Yield of Potato ................ 137
Abhimanyu Yadav, Arvind Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, V. K. Sharma and R. N. Singh
9.3.13 Economics and Fungicidal Management of Phomopsis Blight and Fruit Rot of Brinjal ......... 138
Ashraf Ali Khan, A. K. Singh and Ram Palat
9.3.14 Studies on Effectiveness of Different Insecticides for the Control of Shoot and Fruit Borer,
Leucinodes orbonalis G. on Brinjal .......................................................................................... 139
Aditya Bhadauria, Ram Singh, D. K. Singh, Pawan Singh, Ankit Upadhyay
9.3.15 Efficacy of Different Insecticides and Biopesticides against Tomato Fruit Borer
(Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) on Tomato ........................................................................... 139
Ram Singh Umrao, Santosh Kumar, D. R. Singh and Y. P. Malik
9.3.16 Application of ZnO NPs for the Management of Late Blight of Potato Caused by
Phytophthorainfestans(Mont.) de Barry ................................................................................. 140
Shivam Kumar, S. K. Biswas and Saurabh Kumar
9.3.17 Application of Drip fertigation to Guava Trees Enhanced Soil Enzymatic and
Microbial Activity in Orchard ................................................................................................. 141
Manpreet Singh Preet, Rajesh Kumar, Shashank Srivastav, P.N. Nigam,
Mohd. Shameem khan
9.3.18 Eco-friendly Management of damping-off, Wilt and Another Soil born Diseases of Vegetable
Crops by Bio-char Application in Soil ..................................................................................... 141
Saurabh Kumar, S. K. Biswas, Shivam Kumar, Ravi Kumar and Dheer Kumar
9.3.19 Effect of Soil Amendments with Inorganic Chemicals for Reducing the Disease Severity
and Incidence of Common Scab of Potato [Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Waksman
and Henrici]............................................................................................................................. 142
Shivam Kumar, S. K. Biswas, Ravi Kumar, Saurabh Kumar, Kishan Lal
9.3.20 Production Potential of Hookah Tobacco + Vegetable Pea Based Intercropping
Systems in U.P. ....................................................................................................................... 142
Arvind Kumar Srivastava, Karam Hussain and Mohd. Shamim
9.3.21 Assessment of Suitable Measure for Management of Fruit and Shoot Borer in Brinjal ......... 143
Ajay Kumar Singh, Nimisha Awasthi, A. K. Singh

TECHNICAL SESSION-10
Human Resource Development and Diffusion of Knowledge for Technological Changes
for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of Horticulture

10.1.1 Strategies Approaches for Knowledge Dissemination to Achieve climate Resilient and
Sustainable Horticulture .......................................................................................................... 144
V. V. Sadamate
10.1.2 Horticulture Based Integrated Farming System for Improving the Profitability of the Farm and
Farmer’s Income – A CASE study ......................................................................................... 144
B.Srinuvasulu, E. KarunaSree, A. Devivaraprasad Reddy
T. Janakiram and J. V. Prasad
10.1.3 Horticulture for Women Enterprise to Address the Challenges of Women Health ................. 145
E. Karuna Sree1, B. Srinivasulu, R. Nagaraju and T. Janakiram
10.1.4 Fruit Based Cropping / Farming System for Higher Productivity and Profitability ................ 146
B.L. Manjunath
 (xxi)

10.2 Oral Presentation

10.2.1 Performance of Cucurbitaceous Demonstrations in Central Plain Zone of Uttar
Pradesh, India ......................................................................................................................... 146
Rajiv
10.2.2 Feasibility of Desi Poultry Farming in Litchi, Mango and Apple Orchard ............................. 146
Sanjay Kumar Singh and S. D. Pandey
10.2.3 Knowledge and Attitude of Farmers towards Organic Farming: A Study of Aligarh District of
Uttar Pradesh .......................................................................................................................... 147
Netrapal Malik, A. K. Singh, A. H. Warsi and M. K. Singh
10.2.4 Message Designing for Agricultural Information Sharing through Social Media ................... 148
Netrapal Malik, A. K. Singh, K. K. Singh, Ram Palat4 and A.H. Warsi
10.2.5 On-Farm Crop Response to Plant Nutrients in Predominant Cropping Systems and their
Impact on Crop-livestock-Human Continuum. ...................................................................... 149
U. S. Tiwari, Karam Husain, M. Z. Siddiqui and Naushad Khan
10.2.6 Diversification of Existing Farming System Under Marginal Household Conditions ............. 149
M. Z. Siddiqui, Karam Husain, Naushad Khan, U. S. Tiwari and Suhail Ahmed
10.2.7 Role of Women in Safe Seed Storage by Domestic Method .................................................. 150
Sadhana Vaish, Jitendra Singh and Arvind Kumar Singh
10.2.8 Nutri Garden – A Way Forward for Enhancing Farmer’s Income and Household
Nutritional Security ................................................................................................................. 151
Priya Vashishtha”, Vinita Singh, P. K. Rathi and C. P. N. Gautam
10.2.9 Indigenous Cattle Must for Natural Farming .......................................................................... 152
Devendra Swaroop, Alka Katihar and Arvind K. Singh
10.2.10 Doubling Farmers’.Income in Lakhimpur-Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh:
Challenges and Solutions ........................................................................................................ 152
Sanjay Singh, Nagendra Kumar Tripathi, Pradeep Kumar Bisen, Mohd Suhail
Jiya Lal Gupta and Santosh Kumar Vishwakarma
10.2.11 Four Golden Pillars: Generating More Than Doubling Income of Farmer ........................... 153
K. M. Karetha

10.3 Poster Presentation

10.3.1 Awareness of Sustainable Agricultural Practices for Better Health of Women Farmers in
Fatehpur .................................................................................................................................. 154
Sadhana Vaish, Jitendra Singh and Arvind Kumar Singh
10.3.2 Awareness, Availability and Utilization of Moringa among Farm Families in Kannauj (U.P.) . 154
Poonam Singh, A. K. Singh and V. K. Kannaujia
10.3.3 Kitchen Garden- A Road Map for Enhancing the Health of Girl Children .............................. 155
Priya Vashishtha1, C. P. N. Gautam and Vinita Singh
10.3.4 Prevalence of Various Medicinal Herbs in the Kitchen Gardens in Urban Kanpur Region ..... 155
Alka Katiyar, Arvind Singh, Ravish Katiyar, Nimisha Awasthi
Jagdish Kishore, Devendra Swaroop,
10.3.5 Growth Performance of Growing Goat Kids under Field Condition in
Lakhimpur-Kheri district ......................................................................................................... 156
Nagendra Kumar Tripathi, Sanjay Singh, Pradeep Kumar Bisen, Mohd Suhail
Santosh Kumar Vishwakarma and Jiya Lal Gupta
 (xxii)

10.3.6 Demonstration on Grampriya Variety of Chicks under Tribal Poultry Production in Lakhimpur-
Kheri District, Uttar Pradesh................................................................................................... 157
Nagendra Kumar Tripathi, Sanjay Singh, Pradeep Kumar Bisen, Mohd Suhail
Santosh Kumar Vishwakarma5 and Jiya Lal Gupta
10.3.7 Effective Extension Strategies and Mobilisation of FPO’s to Market: ................................... 157
M. Prasad, R. P. and Arvind Kumar
10.3.8 Health Benefits of Plants Based Antioxidants- A Review ........................................................ 158
Nimisha Awasthi, Arvind Kumar Singh and Ajay Kumar Singh
10.3.9 Nutritional Assessment and Diet Formulation of Elderly of Hathras (Rural) District ............ 159
Pushpa Devi, Kamal Kant, S. K. Rawat, Sanjay Kumar, A. K. Singh and Sushil Kumar
10.3.10 Major Challenges Faced By Vegetable Growers in Lakhimpur Kheri ................................... 159
J. L. Gupta, Sanjay Singh, P. K. Bisen, S. K. Vishwakarma, N. K. Tripathi
and Mohd. Suhail
10.3.11 Analyzing the Use of Medicinal Plants by Rural Women Uring COVID-19 Pandemic ......... 160
Alka Katiyar, Arvind Singh Ravish Katiyar, Nimisha Awasthi, Jagdish Kishore
Devendra Swaroop, Pooja Gaur
10.3.12 Mushroom: Health and Wealth Together .............................................................................. 160
Ajay Kumar Singh, Nimisha Awasthi and A. K. Singh
10.3.13 Assessment of Diversity in Regional Cropping System and its Effect on Diversity
in Dietary Intake of Rural Families ......................................................................................... 161
Chandra Kala Yadav, Arvind Kumar Singh and Nimisha Awasthi
10.3.14 Role of KVK Home Scienntist in Empowering farm women in Mainpuri District ............... 162
Akansha Chaudhary, V. R. Chaudhary and S. K. Pandey
10.3.15 A Brief on Philatelic Education in Climate and Global Environment in Connectivity with
Horticultural Diversity ............................................................................................................. 162
Kalyan Chakraborti and Monanjali Bandyopadhyay

TECHNICAL SESSION-11
Workshop on Digital Horticulture for resilience to Climate Change and Sustainability

11.1 Keynote Presentation

11.1.1 Paradigms in Digital Horticulture- Options and Opportunities ................................................ 163
H.P. Singh, J.S. Parihar and Babita Singh
11.1.2 Current and Future Climate Suitability prediction for Plantation Crops
(Coconut and Arecanut) Using Maxent and Adaptation Strategies for Sustainable
Production............................................................................................................................... 164
K. B. Hebbar and P. Abhin Sukumar
11.1.3 Integration of Horticulture and Engineering for Climate Resilience and Sustainability
Development of Horticulture................................................................................................... 164
Indermani Mishra
11.1.4 Geomatics Applications for Climate Resilience in Horticulture ............................................... 165
Jai Singh Parihar
11.1.5 Engaging the Multi Stakeholders for Empowered Human Resources at Grassroots to
address Challenges of Climate Change Sustainably ................................................................ 166
Binod Anand and OM Prakash
 (xxiii)

TECHNICAL SESSION-12
Post harvest Management Access to Market and Value Chain Management
for Sustainable Production of Horticulture Crops

12.1 Keynote Presentation

12.1.2 Post Harvest Management for Sustainable development of Horticulture ............................... 167
Neelima Garg
12.1.2 Branding, Labelling and Certification for Maximising Profits in Horticulture Produce .......... 168
Babita Singh and Madhuri Nanda
12.1.3 Linking Farmers with Markets for Enhanced Horticulture Productivity and Food Safety .... 168
Anjani Kumar
12.1.4 Prospects of Post Harvest Management, Value-addition and Waste utilization in
Citrus Fruits ............................................................................................................................ 169
Dinesh Kumar, M. S. Ladaniya, Manju Gurjar and Sunil Kumar
12.1.5 Post-harvest Management of Sub-tropical Fruits ................................................................... 170
Neeru Dubey
12.1.6 Sustainable Development of Horticulture through Beekeeping in Varied Climatic Conditions 171
N.K. Patle
12.1.7 Innovations in Coconut Production System: Role of Kalpa® Agri-Business Incubator......... 171
K. Muralidharan
12.1.8 Recent Advances in Post-harvest Management of Mangos ................................................... 172
Sunil Pareek

12.2 Oral Presentation

12.2.1 A Study on Organoleptic and Biochemical Evaluation of Mango-Papaya-Ginger
Based RTS Beverage ............................................................................................................... 173
SetuKumar, Rashmi Singh, H. G. Prakash and Pooja Singh
12.2.2 Backward and Forward Linkages Developed by Farmer Producer Organizations in Lakhimpur-
Kheri ........................................................................................................................................ 174
Sanjay Singh, Nagendra Kumar Tripathi, Pradeep Kumar Bisen, Mohd Suhail,
Jiya Lal Gupta5 and Santosh Kumar Vishwakarma6. ......................................................... 174
12.2.3 Economics of Penconazale I.I% + Mancozeb 50% DF Formulate Fungicides
Against Powdery Mildew and Anthracnose Disease in Mango .............................................. 174
Mohd. Shamim, R.A. Yadav, V.K. Yadav and M.Z. Zafar siddiqui
12.2.4 Sun Dried Oyster Mushrooms for Food Fortification to Enhance Its Consumption
in Rural Community ................................................................................................................ 175
Chandra Kala Yadav, Arvind Kumar and Sushil Yadav
12.2.5 Modified Food Products of Underutilized Vegetables Towards Nutrition Security ................ 176
Pragya Mishra, Seema Sonkar, Suman Devi, and H. G. Prakash
12.2.6 Doubling the Income of Farmer Through Post Harvest Management and Value
Addition of Horticultural Produces ......................................................................................... 176
K. M. Karetha
12.2.7 Value Addition in Edible Palmyra palm Products Towards Commercialization ...................... 177
Ivi Chakrabortya, Pinky Maitya, Dombewarisa S. Maraka and Arvind Chaurasiyab
12.2.8 Nutrient Analysis and Acceptability of the Fruits Ladoo ........................................................ 177
Ritu Singh and P K Gupta
 (xxiv)

12.2.9 Effect of Poly-amines on Biochemical Parameters of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

cv. Kesar ................................................................................................................................. 178
A.M. Butani, D.K. Varu and Mital Vaghasiya
12.2.10 Sweet Lime & Orange Peel: A Source of Mosquito Repellent Finish ................................... 179
Archana Singh & Apoorva Gupta
12.2.11 Under Exploited Vegetable Crops: Rich Sources of Various Vitamins and
Minerals in Human Nutrition ................................................................................................... 179
Pranjal Singh, D.P. Singh, R.P. Singh, Rajiv and Mohammad Shamim
12.2.12 Compositions of Anthocyanin’s in Different Gladiolus Varieties .......................................... 180
Ganesh B Kadam, K.V. Prasad, Shabeer T. P., T N saha, and P. Naveen Kumar
12.3.1 Efficacy of Chlormequat Chloride on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Residues in Thompson
Seedless Grape ........................................................................................................................ 181
S.D. Ramteke, A.H. Gavali, Snehal M. Khalate, Amruta R. Langote,
Sharad Bhagwat. Dipali R Malpure
12.3.2 Efficacy of Acadian Gold Star on Growth, Quality and the Yield of Grapes ......................... 181
S.D. Ramteke, Amruta R. Langote, A.H. Gavali, Snehal M. Khalate,
Sharad Bhagwat, Dipali R Malpure
12.3.3 The Impact of Mepiquat chloride (MC) 5% AS on Yield and Quality Parameters and Residue
Studies in grapes ..................................................................................................................... 182
S.D. Ramteke, A. H. Gavali, Snehal M. Khalate, Amruta R. Langote
Sharad Bhagwat, Dipali R Malpure

SUPPLEMENTARY ABSTRACTS
(Received late)

5.3.8 Impact of startup on production of potato through tissue culture in Etawah: A Case Study
Dhananjai Singh and Others ................................................................................................ 183
9.2.19 Efficacy of Some Plant Extract Against Banana Pseudostem Weevil, Odoiporus longicollis
Oliver ...................................................................................................................................... 184
Annabhatula Sasidhar, Inee Gogoi and Jabanika Hazarika
9.2:20 SeasonalAbundance of Banana Leaf and Fruit Scarring Beetle (Basilepta subcostatum,
Jacoby) ................................................................................................................................. 184
Karanika Gogoi and Inee Gogoi
 Book of Abstracts 1

PLENARY SESSION-1
PARADIGMS IN CLIMATE RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF HORTICULTURE - CHALLENGES AND OPTIONS

1.1 Plenary Lecture

1.1.1Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of

Horticulture-Options and Opportunities
H. P. Singh and Babita Singh
Confederation of Horticulture Associations of India (CHAI), New Delhi, India
Email: hpsingh2008@gmail.com / hpsingh2008@gmail.com

Agriculture often referred to as culture has played a critical role in the Indian economy and society for
thousands of years, evident from sophisticated irrigation and water storage structures built in 3000 BC,
during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Kallanai, an ancient dam built on the Kaveri River, around the
first century AD, is considered the oldest in–use water regulating structure in the world. In fact, agriculture
is deeply ingrained in the Indian cultural ethos. Since medieval times, agriculture has remained the
predominant occupation of the populace. It satisfied a village’s food requirements, besides providing
raw materials for industries like textile, food processing, and crafts. During the late middle ages, till the
start of colonial rule, construction of water works and improvement in irrigation techniques brought
about economic growth. The colonial era was not particularly good for agriculture as it saw frequent
famines and growth rate of 0.1 percent in production during 1900 to 1947. The country gained
Independence a few years after the Great Bengal Famine (1942 to 1943), The agricultural scenario,
post–Independence, was quite challenging and agriculture continued to remain the mainstay of the
economy. Despite many initiative of the Government, growth in food production was inadequate to
meet the consumption needs of the growing population and food imports became essential in India till
the mid–1960s. India responded to the challenge by reorganising research and undertaking agricultural
activities, creation of institutions, price support mechanism to the produce.
All these steps led to a quantum jump in the productivity of crops such as wheat and rice, a phenomenon
christened the Green Revolution in 1968. The efforts continue to bear fruit today to put the progress
since 1950 in perspective — food grain production has increased 6 times; horticulture 13 times, and
oilseed and milk production is up six times. Organisational initiatives like Technology Missions were
introduced, resulting in a rapid rise in horticulture production. Despite liberalisation, and the growth in
services and manufacturing, the role of agriculture remains vital to the overall development and well–
being of the nation accounting for a little over 13.5 percent of gross domestic product, and employing
the largest proportion of the workforce (about 45.5 percent), agriculture remains a strong lever of
growth for the Indian economy. Ensuring food and nutritional security becomes a challenging task,
especially with increased nutritional intake, greater urbanisation, and stagnant (or declining) cultivable
area. With stagnating production and increasing demand, guaranteeing food and nutritional security will
continue to be a challenge. This will further strain the already–under–stress urban infrastructure. Finally,
the widening income disparity between the non–agrarian and agrarian segments could cause social
unrest. Therefore, we have to envision the challenges and options for food and nutritional security along
with better aggravating economy.
2 Book of Abstracts

The past revolutions (green revolution, white revolution, yellow revolution and Golden revolution together
the rainbow revolution) have been possible due to technical interventions, new cultivars and production
technology, which are also evident from the fact that area has remained static to 142±2 million hectare
for the last 40 years, but production has increased manifold, not only of cereals but of all the agricultural
produce, from the same land area. Pressure on the cultivable land for agriculture continues to be high as
Indian agriculture supports 17% of world population and 11% of livestock only from 2.4% of global
land and 4.5 % of water. At global level also, meeting the food and nutritional needs of population, which
will be about 10 billion in 2050 is a cause of concern and is being debated across the globe. Looking into
population growth, declining land and water coupled with challenges of climate change, has created
much greater concern to feed the growing population. Thus, the challenge before us is much greater
than before, and has to be addressed with strategic approaches utilising innovations in science and
technology. Efforts made through research and development have been a key driver for this development.

1.1.2 Role of Integrated Aquaculture – Crop/

Horticulture - Livestock Systems (IACHLS) in
Improving Family Farm Production and Income and
Addressing Food Security
Dilip Kumar
Ex Director / VC, CIFE (ICAR), Mumbai, India
E mail – dk.dilipkumar@gmail.com

This review explores the beneficial traits and contributions of IACHLS to food security, social,
environmental and economic benefits, and resilience, and proposes strategies to adopt IAHLSs in low
and medium-income countries (LMICs). One in nine people does not have sufficient protein and energy
in their diet. Out of these 50% are smallholder subsistence farmers and 20% are landless families in the
low-and medium-income countries In Asia, China accounts for approximately 50% of the world’s
smallholders, followed by India with 23%, and Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. These smallholders
account for 380 million farming households, hold roughly 30% of the agricultural land, contribute up to
70% of the food calories produced in LMIC, and are responsible for 53% of the global food calories
production for human consumption. The diversified cropping systems in IACHLS can improve the
productivity of the principal crop as well as enhance food security through increasing nutritional indicators
such as food consumption score and household dietary diversity. IACHLS, therefore, could be a key to
achieving food and nutritional security and environmental sustainability both in the short and long term.
Besides, the system also reduces risk factors due to the presence of multiple food production components.
Fish is known for its non-consumptive water use while aquaculture in undeniable earthen ponds also
facilitates the harvest of rain and floodwaters and holds it for multipurpose use including recharging of
depleting groundwater table. Pond water is used for domestic purposes and for rearing livestock animals.
All these make the IACHLS highly suitable for farming households of India and other LMICs. While
IACHLS practices have increased over time, there are still adoption challenges due to lack of investment,
sustainable awareness, lack of skills by the producers, and market competition. Further, successful
implementation of IACHLS also requires organisational and/or institutional support, government policies
and educational services to subsistence farmers. Above all our agricultural education system need to
introduce IACHLS courses to enable the agricultural scientists to take up challenges to provide fundamental
and credible information to integrate aquaculture, crop, horticulture and livestock production systems
 Book of Abstracts 3

thereby increasing resilient agricultural production compatible with food and nutrition security. The
paper presents major advantages and disadvantages of INCHES and measures for mainstreaming.

1.1.3 Secondary Agriculture: An Approach for

Sustainable Development in Horticulture
Dinesh Kumar1, Manju Gurjar2 and Sunil Kumar3
Principal Scientist1, Junior Research Fellow 2 and Asstt. Chief Technical Officer3
ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440010, Maharashtra, India
1, 2 , 3

Email: dineshscn@gmail.com

Secondary agriculture plays a significant role in making a positive impact on the country’s economy.
The increasing demand of consumers for value added goods like nutraceuticals and functional foods in
both domestic and international markets drifted the development of secondary metabolite based food
supplements. Secondary agriculture includes all food and non-food bioresource- based products for
human and industrial use. It ensures better utilisation of renewable agro- bioresources either through
value addition or waste utilization. At present, the total value added by the food processing in India is
only about 8 per cent of the total production. Among food crops, major post-harvest losses (25–30%)
occurs in fruits and vegetables; their waste being rich in several bioactive compounds and many other
valuable components like pigments, phenolic, fibres, sugars and minerals that can be extracted and
utilised. Horticultural crops contain range of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins,
limonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids and volatile compounds which provides a rational basis for various
biological activities. In fruits like citrus, flavonoids exhibit more bioactivities compared to other secondary
metabolites. The peel of fruits is a good source of valuable compounds like vitamins, phenolics, pectin
and pigments. They are also found to be rich source of essential oil having excellent antimicrobial
properties. Essential oils are being used in the pharmaceuticals, foods and other industries as preservatives,
and it’s generally regarded as safe (GRAS). The goal is not only to increase the yield of the targeted
compounds to the maximum, but also to avoid any deterioration/ loss of the functionality of the compound.
Extreme variations in environmental factors viz. temperature, light, water, etc. influence the secondary
metabolites. The adoption of advanced technologies, equipments, and processes would enable enhanced
secondary agriculture practices giving range of materials of better quality, yield, nutrition, and convenience.
Hence, the potential of secondary metabolites and bioprocessing could be strong boost to the economy,
sustainable development, societal status and environmental protection.
4 Book of Abstracts

PLENARY SESSION-2
PARADIGMS IN CLIMATE RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF HORTICULTURE - CHALLENGES AND OPTIONS

2.1 Plenary Lecture

2.1.1 Horticulture – A Panacea for Current Challenges

of Farmers, Consumers and Ecology
Dr. Ashok Dalwai
CEO, National Rainfed Area Authority, DAC&FW, MoAFW Room No.147, C-Wing
Krishi Bhawan, Phone-+91-11-23383830/ +91-11-25842836
E-mail:ashok.dalwai@gov.in

Against the backdrop of a paradox, wherein the farmers are suffering from low average incomes, the
consumers are not nutrition-secure and the ecology has been rendered vulnerable despite high volumes
of agricultural production in the country, the felt need today is the remanding of the country’s agricultural
production system. The desired reorientation at both science and policy levels is to promote a diversified
agricultural production system, that will provide greater space to the new engines of growth, namely,
horticulture. diary & livestock and fisheries. Of course, this is to be achieved without a dip in the output
of cereals & pulses which can be secured by realising higher per hectare yields. Since the adoption of
the National Horticultural Mission (NHM) in 2005 which now is operated more robustly as Mission
Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH), the country has shown enviable growth of the sector.
There is increase in area under horticulture, and the production growth has been more than proportionate
to the area-increase, thanks to better productivity than before. For the first time in the history of
agricultural sector in independent India, the horticultural output equalled that of food gain output in the
year 2013-14, and came to surpass it in due course. The year 2021-22 registered a horticultural output
of 326 million tons in comparison to 309 million tons of food grains.
The rationale for accelerating the pace of growth in horticulture persists and will remain so for many
more decades, on account of the multiple advantages that this sector offers. The sector is broad-based
with six components of fruits, vegetables, flowers, plantations, medicinal and herbal plants each of
which is amenable to a range of climatic zones from the temperate to the arid, and therefore can be
adopted across the country in synch with the local agro-climatic characters. The produce of all these is
high in value, and therefore brings greater returns to the farmers on their investment. The fruits and
vegetables are rich in minerals & vitamins, which are essential for balancing the diet of the consumers.
Large section of the country’s consumers is suffering from hidden hunger which can be overcome by
ensuring better access of fruits & vegetables at affordable prices. There is urgent need to emphasize on
enhancing the per capita consumption of these commodities as prescribed by the nutritionists. This
suggests the importance of nutrition security, which entails increasing further the production for greater
availability, strengthening the distribution system for accessibility, imparting efficiency to the marketing
system for creating affordability, and undertaking awareness through nation-wide nutritional-education.
This approach where both supply and demand sides of the horticultural sector are simultaneously
addressed, a win: win situation is created to the advantage of the farmers and consumers. Further,
intensifying horticultural production is environmentally sound, as the sector helps in dividing the production
risks for the farmers, improving resource use efficiency as nutrients & water are utilised from varying
levels of soil profile, and simultaneously perennials sequester the atmospheric carbon into soil and build
soil organic carbon.
 Book of Abstracts 5

It would from every perspective be appropriate to adopt a twenty-five-year perspective plan for the
horticultural sector comprising all of its six components. The perishable nature of most of the horticultural
produce must be borne in mind as the production levels are pushed up continuously. Hence, the critical
role of agri-logistics including primary processing, pack houses, integrated cold chain system deserves
priority attention. Further, the importance of food & non-food processing cannot be gainsaid. The
primary and by-produce generated in the sector can be and need to be processed to integrate farm gates
with the demand centres over space and time. While promoting consumption of fresh produce, the
surplus will need to be processed into both food (for humans & animals) & industrial goods for capturing
greater value for the farmers. With advancements in bioprocessing, bioengineering and biotechnology,
there exists scope for using horticultural produce (both primary & by-produce) to output bio-materials,
bio-fuels, bio-medicines, bio-pesticides and bio-enzymes. Such an integration of processing to the primary
production segment of the horticultural sector bear the potential for generating the much needed jobs
and incomes for the farmers, as also other stakeholders.

2.1.2 Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Climate

Resilient and Sustainable Development of Horticulture
Dr. Narendra Singh Rathore
Vice-Chancellor, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology
Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Email: vc_mpuat@yahoo.co.in

The climate change is becoming an increasing threat and a major challenge to agricultural system as it
creates progressively hostile conditions like erratic and unpredictable rainfalls, drought cycles and floods.
The emergence of modern digital technologies and their applications in agriculture sector has tremendous
potential to create innovative digital solutions that support the climate resilience of agriculture. Some of
the digital technologies that find extensive application for climate resilience in agriculture are artificial
intelligence, machine and deep learning, Internet of Things, big-data analytics, block chain technology,
satellite imagery, hyper-spectral imagery and mobile communications. The information about local rainfall,
weather forecast and other relevant climate parameters can be locally disseminated through existing
mobile networks for localized and scalable agricultural services. The digital and telecommunication
infrastructures along with cloud computing have significant potential to strengthen the climate resilient
agriculture. The weather predictions, farm advisories and warnings can be generated and sent to local
farmers of horticultural and field crops using big data analytics, artificial intelligence, machine learning
and deep learning algorithms. This can help them to take corrective measures in anticipation to protect
the crop under erratic climatic conditions and to ensure large crop production.

2.1.3 Integrating Systems of Livestock and Horticulture

R. K. Singh
Project Director, One Health Support Unit (OHSU)@DAHD, GoI
Former Director/Vice Chancellor, ICAR-IVRI
Email: rks_virology@reiffmail.com; rajks.virology@gmail.com

The ever-growing human population entails increase in per capita intake of animal protein globally
through 2050 necessitating intensive animal production systems leading to adverse impact on the ecosystem
6 Book of Abstracts

because the animals are not integrated with other agricultural and forestry-based practices. Thus, improving
and sustaining the livestock sector is critical to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
of the United Nations, especially SDG #1 (No Poverty), SDG #2 (Zero Hunger), SDG #6 (Clean Water
and Sanitation), and SDG #13 (Climate Action). The conventional agriculture entailed integration of
livestock systems with crop production systems because of the obvious benefits recognized much
earlier. However, integration of livestock into agriculture (including fruit and vegetables) also results in
undesired outcomes, viz., (i) food safety concerns, (ii) crop and infrastructure damage, and (iii) livestock
predation. The food safety concerns can be overcome by minimizing the pathogen contamination by
following “Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs)” and “Good Animal Husbandry Practices (GAHPs)” as
well as following the prescribed food safety norms pre- and post-harvest. Further, understanding the
socioeconomic feasibility and trade-offs involved in mixed crop-livestock farming systems – ones that
specifically incorporate fruit and vegetable crops – has been the globally recognized international research
which attracted major fundings. In this context, it becomes imperative for us to investigate the effects
of livestock keeping on food safety, weed control, and soil health for fruit and vegetable farms to
generate sufficient data over a period of time which can guide the decision making for integration of
livestock component with horticultural crops.

2.1.4 Strategic Research and Technological Changed for

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Horticulture
Dr. Janakiram
VC, DrYSRHU,Venkataramannagudem, A.P.

PLENARY SESSION-3:
PARADIGMS IN CLIMATE RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF HORTICULTURE - CHALLENGES AND OPTIONS

3.1 Plenary Lecture

3.1.1 Milk-Fruits Based Composite Products: Novel

Approach for Harnessing the Therapeutic Virtues of
Milk and Fruits
Ashish K. Singh and A. K. Srivastava1
National Dairy Research Institute
Karnal - 132001, Haryana
1
Chairman, Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board,
Department of Agricultural Research and Education, New Delhi 110012

The wide-spread prevalence of malnutrition and emergence of life-style associated diseases among
children, women and other vulnerable groups is becoming a serious concern. According to an estimate
about 194 million children are stunted, wasted and suffering with micronutrient deficiency disorders.
Malnutrition is responsible for 15% of the disease burden, 4% loss in GDP and about 8% loss of
 Book of Abstracts 7

productivity. One of the prime reasons of malnutrition is lack of diversity in our diet resulting in inadequate
intake of certain key nutrients. Our ancestors in Palaeolithic era used to derive their daily food requirement
from almost 500 different plants, whereas at present 80% of nutrients are derived from only 17 plants
and 50% of calories from 8 food grains across the globe. On the other side well-off strata of the society
need to address the health issues primarily due to the changing life-style and food habits. Milk is considered
as unique source of nutrients as well as physiologically active components, but milk also lack some
micronutrients (iron, copper and certain vitamins) and fiber. Therefore, there is obvious need for
supplementing milk with necessary micronutrients as well as health promoting components form suitable
sources. As regards the supplementary sources of nutrients and health factors for the milk several
options including fruits & vegetables, cereals, millets, legumes and certain oilseed crops, could be
adopted. Term “composite food” is usually applied to any diet produced by using the ingredients obtained
from unrelated food categories. However, combining any commodity with milk often results in significant
changes in physico-chemical characteristics and disturbs the equilibrium. Fruits and vegetables are
major sources of micronutrients, antioxidants and wide arrange of phytochemicals. Compounds like
carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, flavones, glucosinolates, soluble fibers, polyphenols etc. have a
well-documented health benefits. Moreover, the greater diversity in fruits and vegetables offer an
opportunity in developing novel food formulations in combination with milk having an array of bioactive
components derived from them. Milk based beverages have emerged as one of the most promising
segment among value added dairy products. Dairy industry must exploit the opportunities to keep pace
with the changing pattern of product consumption and increasing demand of health foods. Fruit juice
based acidified milk beverages are an exciting and growing market in the beverage world. These beverages
combine the tart flavor of fruit with the creamy texture of milk. This category includes mainly two types
of beverages, Fermented Milk/Yogurt Drinks and Directly Acidified Milk-Juice Drinks. Traditionally,
milk shakes, smoothies etc. are examples of milk-fruit based beverages. Fruit ice-cream, desserts,
yoghurt and even traditional sweets specially those made with fresh fruit pulp/juice are appearing in
Indian market and becoming popular. However, need is felt to improve the quality and stability of such
formulations. Development of whey-fruit beverages is an effective approach for bringing back valuable
whey nutrients into human food chain. Fruits contain pigments which have ability to replace chemically
synthesized colourants in processed composites. Carotenoids, anthocyanins and chlorophyll extracts
act both as colourant and anti-oxidants in composite dairy products. More than 1000 plant metabolites
present in fruit and vegetables have potential in developing functional foods and nutraceuticals along
with milk/milk ingredients. There is need to expand the research and development on composites with
unique health characteristics and health benefits. It is expected that milk-fruit composites may modulate
immunity, improve gut health, enhance vision and alleviate the free radical/reactive oxygen species
(ROS) mediated cellular degeneration process. Scientific validation through in-vivo and clinical trials
could be an appropriate strategy for promoting the commercialization of these products,

3.1.2 Drones for Crop Protection – Standard Operating

Protocols for Enhanced Productivity and Sustainability
V. Praveen Rao
Vice Chancellor, PJ Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad 500030
Email: velchalap@gmail.com

Commercial application of agrochemicals (pesticides, fungicides and herbicides) using Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles (UAVs) popularly known as drones is now well established as a crop protection technique in
several countries including China, USA and Australia. The brief but intense evolution and adoption of
8 Book of Abstracts

drone technology in agriculture has been disruptive in the crop protection industry. In this backdrop two
interesting events occurred in India during the last couple of years: (i) Drones morphed into an affordable
technology for field application by small and marginal farmers, and (ii) Relaxation of norms by DGCA
for registering and operating drones by various stakeholders. However, farmers are unprepared on how
to choose quality drones from such a wide array of models and configurations with unstandardized
spray systems, suitable crops, appropriate pesticide molecules and lack of guidance on crop specific
standard operating spray practices, to achieve effective crop protection. This presents challenges to
correct and safe use of pesticides for aerial spray with drones, particularly at low or ultra-low water
spray volumes (15 to 40 L/ha with drones compared to 500 to 750 L/ha with conventional knapsack and
tractor mounted boom sprayers) and high pesticide concentrations. Most concerning is how to maximize
droplet coverage, spray accuracy and distribution while minimizing spray drift, and maximizing control
and working efficiency under dynamic environmental, crop growth, and pest biology conditions. For
example, currently pesticides containing the active ingredient of chlorantraniliprole, an IRAC (Insecticide
Resistance Action Committee) classified Group 28 mode of action insecticides are among the most
commonly used crop protection products sprayed via drones worldwide to control insect pests of rice,
sugarcane, maize, soybean, vegetables etc. Drone end users are challenged with the lack of trained and
certified pilots and applicator experience that is far beyond basic drone operations but involves
comprehensive understanding of the multiple variables affecting drone spray quality and pesticide efficacy.
Hence, PJTSAU during the past three years researched and developed crop specific (rice, maize, cotton,
red gram, groundnut and sesame) standard operating protocols (SOP) for proper application of pesticides
using drones. The objective was to optimize the insecticidal attributes by maximizing spray application
quality, however, these SOP’s will apply to most other pesticides including fungicides and herbicides. A
holistic approach was employed with cross-disciplinary considerations from biological, chemical, and
engineering perspectives along with complex environmental variables. The SOPs were developed
considering monitoring and identification of pests, pest thresholds, pest resistance management strategies,
adjuvant processes that maximize the effectiveness of applied chemical, guidelines to spray preparation
and proper tank mixing sequence, calibration of UAV spray system, variables affecting accurate drone
spraying viz., flight height, flight speed, effective swath width, nozzle type, nozzle flow rate, land
topography, spray volume, droplet density, droplet deposition, droplet coverage, crop height, spray drift
and weather conditions (wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity) to ensure a quality
agrochemical application that maximizes spray deposition on the target crop and uniformity of distribution
along the crop canopy and to deliver an accurate amount of crop protection product (pesticide, fungicide
or herbicide) so that farmers receive the full benefits from new spray technology and improved pesticide
chemistry. These SOPs may begin to mitigate the many challenges and variables that affect a quality
spray by UAV aerial application of agrochemicals, but numerous knowledge gaps still exist that require
further research to continually improve future best management guidance.
 Book of Abstracts 9

3.1.3 Innovative Cutting Edge Technologies for Intensive

and Integrated Sustainable Management
of Horticultural Farm.
K. P. Singh1,2
Vice-Chancellor, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University,
1

Bareilly, Pin-243006, Uttar Pradesh, India

2
CBSH, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145
Udham Singh Nagar Uttarakhand, India, Email: kps.biophysics@gmail.com

There is more need for direct attention and continuous monitoring of Horticultural crops per plant than
arable crops, to ensure optimal crop management. The innovation in technology for intensive and integrated
farm management resulted in automated and optimized farm operations with precision and reliability that
were previously performed manually. Recent innovative technologies like digital scouting applications
for mobile devices, the use of drones for pest and disease identification and management, use of drones
for pest and disease identification management, Symbiotic organisms and plant defenses: Biocontrol and
Precision agriculture for weed control, soil health, and better yields. On one hand, digital scouting
devices provide a better monitoring platform for the registration of diseases and offer biological solutions
for horticulture, other hand Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with better sensing and imaging
capabilities can identify pest and disease ‘hotspots’ in crops and then accurately disperse beneficial
insects from the air better than man-handled equipment. Hydroponics has emerged as a better solution
to the high demand for natural resources like water and land for more crops. Applying beneficial
microorganisms through seed coating has proven to advocate the activation of the plant defense system
to grow stronger. Precision horticulture where automation avoids over-application of agrochemicals
reduces spill-over to the wider environment and predictive technologies can help customize crop varieties
for improved performance, is also in current trends in horticulture. In this presentation, the exploration
of standardized cutting-edge technologies which are helpful in making horticulture farming more
sustainable is reviewed with scientific means and practices.
Keywords: digital scouting, Drone, hydroponic, biocontrol, precision horticulture

3.1.4 Three Decades of Horticulture Research and

Development in Haryana
Arjun Singh Saini, Director General Horticulture
Udyan Bhawan, Sector-21, Panchkula-134112, Haryana,
Ph.: 0172-2582322, 2582589
Email:hortharyana@gmail.com; horticulture@hry.nic.in

The crop diversification is necessity for agriculture-based economy in Haryana to enhance income level
of farmers specially small and marginal. The agricultural diversification towards fruits and vegetables in
Haryana started in early nineties when State has less than 1% area under horticulture which now has
increased to 6.35% with aim to increase it to 15% by 2030. To provide nutritional security department
has aligned with Sustainable Development Goals and has initiated many interventions in horticulture
technologies to make horticulture a diversified sustainable activity. Haryana is budgeting roughly around
10 Book of Abstracts

Rs. 800 Cr. annually for promotion of horticulture in Haryana. Many innovative programs were initiated
namely crop data management, price protection, horticulture insurance, vertical farming, hi-tech mushroom
production, unique integration modal of farm water pond with plantation & MI and crop cluster
development program. Technology demonstration and transfer to the farmers are other major interventions
by establishment of 11 centre of excellence and 128 village of excellence including skill development by
starting three months skill qualification packs at training institute. Department has collaborated with
CCSHAU, MHU, CPRI, NCIPM, CIP and other international agencies for technology introductions and
demonstration. Promotion of more than 700 farmer producer organizations and creation of supply chain
in the form of pack houses and market development are other major initiatives of the Haryana Govt. in
the horticulture sector.

TECHNICAL SESSION 2:
TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND APPROACHES FOR
CLIMATE RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OF HORTICULTURE

2.1 Keynote Presentation

2.1.1 Approaches for Climate Resilient and

Sustainability Development of Horticulture in Gujarat
A. R. Pathak*, D.K. Varu** and P A Pandya**
*Former Vice Chancellor, JAU, Junagadh & NAU, Navsari,
** Professor & Assot. Professor JAU, Junagadh.
Email: papandya@jau.in

Climate change refers to change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of
human activity. It also refers to a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human
activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods. Significant variation in the mean state of the climate,
persisting for decades or longer is referred to as climate change. Climate change is the negative creation
of global warming. The alteration of different meteorological parameters or drastically changes in the
system of different climatic parameters like temperature, light, humidity, rainfall, sunshine, wind velocity
etc are known as “climate change”. The intensity of meteorological parameters increased or decreased
or become more fluctuate due to climate change. Horticulture is also key sector to provide three securities
to mankind viz., food security, nutritional security & health security. The horticulture has also a great
role to become even more enhanced in bringing farmers of country out of poverty. In Gujarat Horticulture
crop is grown in an area of 18.31 lakh hectare area with production of 237.83 lakh tonnes. However
impact of climate change is observed. The paper discusses the impact of climate change and developing
strategies to manyachive achieve sustainable production of horticultural crops in Gujarat
 Book of Abstracts 11

2.1.2 Strategies Approaches for Climate Resilient and

Sustainable Development of Horticulture – A Case
Study of A.P.
Chiranjiv Choudhary
Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Forest Dept., A.P.

2.1.3 Strategic Development of Horticulture in

Telangana for Resilience to Climate Change
B. Neeraja Prabhakar, A. Bhagwan, A. Kiran Kumar and Veena Joshi
Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Mulugu, Siddipet Dist-Telangana, 502279
Email: vcskltshu@gmail.com

Climate change reflects long term changes in temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and other climatic
variables. The horticulture crops are exceedingly prone to climate change owing to long economic life
of the plant which requires huge initial investment and cultivating these crops has made farmers more
vulnerable to climate change. There is a demand for climate smart horticultural practices or interventions
which are customized to suit local needs. Strategies like conservation agriculture, natural resources
conservation, reforestation, checks on population growth and pollution, reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions, breeding drought resistant crops, tolerant to pests and diseases, early maturity, etc. are the
need of the hour

2.1.4 Challenges and Opportunities in Horticulture

Sanjai K. Dwivedi*
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
DPO, DRDO Bhawan, Raja Ji Marg, New Delhi-110011
*Email: sandeephort@gmail.com

Horticulture (fruits including nuts; vegetables including potato, tuber crops, mushroom; ornamental
plants including cut flowers; spices; plantation crops and medicinal & aromatic plants) play important
role in Indian agriculture. It has become a key driver for economic development in many of the states in
the country. Presently, horticulture alone contributes about 30.4 per cent to GDP of agriculture. India
has emerged as the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world and largest producer of
crops like mango, banana, coconut, cashew, papaya, and pomegranate. Many states in India like
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir, Uttarakhand, etc. are focusing on
horticulture to improve the productivity and farm income. India is the largest producer and exporter of
spices at global level and also has recorded highest productivity in the world in many crops like grape,
banana, cassava, peas and pomegranate. Keeping the future challenging issues in mind, such as fast
increasing global population, food & nutritional security, reducing land & water resources, ill effects of
climate change & pollution, unemployment etc., horticulture has enormous potential to address such
challenging issues. However, there will be urgent need to focus on key factors, in order to succeed in
12 Book of Abstracts

future. Top ten issues, namely Quality Planting Material; Alternate Production Technologies; Efficient
Input Management; Toxin free & quality of Produce; Effective Post Harvest Management; Mechanisation,
Tools/ Equipment and Artificial Intelligence; Successful Models and Stories; Farmers friendly market
link; Knowledge management with focused R& D and Education; Innovations in Horticulture. There are
number of agencies, universities and institutions etc. which are excellent seat of knowledge for horticultural
science. Number of new concepts are developed, proven with data & experimentation. However, when
it comes to address the challenges, or solve any problem on ground, most of our findings prove to be
either a failure or not sustainable. This happens because our approach to tackle the problem is only in
bits and pieces. There is strong need to switch over to technology development, from science development
approach. This will give complete solution package to the challenges, and also help to boost innovation
in horticulture.

2.1.5 Regenerative Agriculture Including Horticulture

for Resilience to Climate Change and Sustainability
Babita Singh and H P Singh
Confederation of Horticulture Associations of India
Email:Confedhorti@gmail.com

Regenerative Agriculture is a holistic approach of conservation and farm management practice that
improves soil health by rebuilding soil organic matter and restoring degraded soil biodiversity, crop
resilience and nutrient density. This results in increased biodiversity both above and below the soil
surface, as well as increased water holding capacity and carbon sequestration at greater depths, lowering
climate-damaging CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Inoculating soils with compost or compost extracts to
restore soil microbial community population, structure, and functionality, as well as restoring soil system
energy (compounds as exudates) through full-time planting of multiple crop intercrop plantings,
multispecies cover crops, and borders planted for bee habitat and other beneficial insects, are all important
in increasing biological ecosystem diversity. Growing a diverse crop mix protects against pests and
diseases, provides a diversified income stream and habitats for more pollinators, and improves soil
health.
Perennial horticulture, which includes fruits trees, plantations, and some spices crops, does not require
replanting each year as they exhibit long root systems that can retain water, improve soil porosity,
sequester more carbon, and improve soil health, thereby improving ecological, animal, and human health
through improved micro-nutrients availability and better dietary balances. Planting native-to-a-region
crops, plays an important role in improving biodiversity and are utilised as the main cash crop, incorporated
into conservation buffers, or used as cover crops. Diversity and perennially are the essential components
of regenerative agriculture, therefore, promoting perennial horticulture can help build healthy soils,
restore clean surface and groundwater, and enhance the resilience of our food system. As a result, in
order to counteract climate change, it is critical to support an agriculture system that is both ecologically
and economically viable. However, India’s current economic and political structures are geared toward
monocultural production, and for this type of perennial horticulture to prosper, appropriate socio-political
and economic systems must be in place to support such system. In horticulture production system,
there are various examples which states that with effective soil management, soil health can be improved
and the crops can be grown with minimum inputs. The paper discusses this concept in detail.
Keywords: Regenerative agriculture, horticulture, climate change, perennial, biodiversity
 Book of Abstracts 13

2.1.6 Diversification of Alliums in View of Present

Climatic Conditions in India
Vijay Mahajan, A.J. Gupta, D.C. Manjunathagowda and Major Singh

ICAR-Directorate of Onion & Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, MS- 410 505
Email:vijbmaha@yahoo.com

Export trade from Mumbai and Kandla port mainly to Gulf countries predominantly during November to
April coincides with harvest of rainy seasons (kharif) and late rainy seasons (Rangda) crops. This market
forces have influenced domestication and diversification to great extend. Demand for highly pungent and
pink skinned bulbs from Gulf countries made farmers of Western India to select such type of plants, which
can produce seeds under Indian conditions. This kind of adaptations made the crop plant to become
annual. This phenomenon resulted in loss of short dormancy of bulbs. This fascinating aspect of onion
domestication in Western India had gone unnoticed and unrecorded. Among the cultivated species of
Allium, onion (A. cepa L.), leek (A. porrum L.), shallot (A. ascalonicum L.) and chives (A. schoenoprasum
L.) are well known vegetable crops grown in different part of India. Field surveys and exploratory studies
have confirmed to utilization of wild Allium species in the Garhwal and Kumaon regions of Himalaya for
edible purposes . Generally, all plant parts have edible value and consumed raw or as cooked vegetables.
Young leaves of many wild species are preferred over the mature ones in the form of vegetable, in soups
or for raw consumption given in following table. Freshly harvested leaves or bulbs are occasionally sold in
village markets. The leaves and tuberous/fibrous roots are rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.
Bulb/pseudostem of A. clarkei, A. griffithianum, A. pratii and A. victorialis are consumed raw, cooked
or pickled. Cloves or bulbs of A. ampeloprasum and A. chinense are pickled. In Pithoragarh region of
Uttarakhand Himalaya, India, young leaves of A. stracheyi are used as potherb or cooked mixed with
potato. Fleshy fibrous roots of A. hookeri are consumed as vegetable in the north-eastern hill region or in
soups and pickles in same way as A. stracheyi in the north-western Himalaya. In Bhutan, A. fasciculatum
is generally used as vegetable (leaves and scape), salad and in soups (young inflorescence).
Keywords : ALLIUMS, Diversification, onion breeding,

2.2.1 Rainfall Variability and Probability Analysis for

Estimating Onset of Cropping Season at High Rainfall
Tract of Northern Agro-Climatic Zone of Kerala
K. Kandiannan, C. K. Thankamani, V. Srinivasan, K. S. Krishnamurthy

Division Crop Production & Post Harvest Technology

ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode – 673012, Kerala
Email: kandiannan@gmail.com

Kerala divided into five agro climatic zones, the districts Malapuram, Kozhikode, Kannur and Kasaragode
are falls under Northern Agro climatic zone. There lies a high rainfall tract in parts of Kozhikode and
Kannur districts, where ICAR-IISR Experimental Farm, Peruvannamuzhi is located (11O.34’N, 75O.48’ E
14 Book of Abstracts

and 60 m MSL). Crop production is mainly depends on climate and weather particularly in the event of
climate change. The objective of this study was to analysis the rainfall variability and prediction of onset of
planting season with probability analysis. The monthly and annual rainfall data of 42 years (1980-2021) and
weekly data for 31 years (1991-2021) were used for calculating summary statistics of rainfall (annual,
seasonal, monthly and weekly), initial and conditional probabilities in MS Excel. The results indicate that
annual average rainfall of this tract is 4594mm with range of 2893mm – 6413mm having CV of 16.8%. (y
= 8.3392x+4414.8 R² = 0.0167). The probability of getting 3976.4mm annual rainfall is 75% and it was
predicted that chance of receiving 4000mm rainfall per year is 77.86%. Annual rainy days varied between
112 and 174 with a mean of 148days. South west monsoon contributed 74.3% to the annual rainfall and
July month had received maximum monthly rainfall (1130mm). The rainfall between 1 (1-7 Jan) to 13
standard meteorological weeks (SMW) (26 March – 1st April) was less than 20mm and not suitable for
planting rainfed crops, from 14th SMW (2-8 April) rainfall receipt gradually increased and up to 47th SMW
(Nov 19-25) and rainfall received was above 20mm during this period with highest weekly mean of
306.8mm during 29th SMW (16-22 July) and this week alone contributed 6.6% of rain to annual rainfall.
The rainfall analysis indicated that annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall are in normal range however, there
was a positive trend in annual and summer rain was noticed but it was not significant. The probability of
receiving 20mm during April second week (09-15 April, 15th SMW) is 60% and land preparation activity
may be initiated. Planting of rhizomatous and tuber crops can be started during 19th SMW (May second
week, 7-13 May,) as probability of getting 50mm rain is 60% and completed during 22 SMW (28 May –
03 June) as chance of receiving 75mm and 100mm is brighter with 69.71% and 63.53% probability
respectively and subsequent weeks are assured rainfall periods.

2.2.2 Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) the Agro-forestry

Crop and its Resilience to Palm based Cropping
Systems
S. Elain Apshara
ICAR- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute- CPCRI, Regional Station, Vittal, Karnataka, South
1

India - 574 243.

Email:elainapshara@gmail.com, +91 9449809566

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), the beverage crop of the world was introduced into India in 1798 as an
agro forestry/plantation crop in western ghats hills and plains. Further it adapted to palm based cropping
systems, covering arecanut, coconut and oil palm gardens, effectively utilising the available space,
shade, sunlight in palm groves, enriched the environment through its canopy cover and litter fall, enhanced
the productivity and profitability of farms, also provided healthy and happy food, the chocolates. Govt.of
India, identified the domestic and export potential and encouraging area expansion of cocoa in non-
traditional belts to meet the demand of Indian chocolate industry of 60,000MT against the current
production of 25,000MT. CPCRI with its four decades of cocoa research, conserving genetic diversity,
developed varieties, cropping models, scientific production, protection and processing technologies. To
test the adaptability of cocoa in different environments/cropping systems and to identify multi-purpose
and site-specific varieties, selective clones were evaluated in four southern states. Thirteen cocoa genotypes
including parental clones and hybrids were planted under arecanut in Karnataka (3m x 3m spacing),
under coconut in Kerala (3m x 3m) and Tamil Nadu (7.5m x 3m) and under oil palm in Andhra (9.0m x
2.5m) with 2 replications with 6 trees per plot and were assessed for their performance. In Karnataka,
the clones VTLC-5, VTLC-66 and VTLC-1, in Kerala, VTLCH-2, VTLCH-1 and VTLC-30, in Tamil
Nadu, VTLCH-1, VTLCH-2 and VTLCH-4, in Andhra Pradesh, VTLCH-4, VTLC-1 and VTLC-9 had
 Book of Abstracts 15

high dry bean yields contributed by more no. of pods, no. of beans per pod and bean size. They also had
industrial value with less shelling, high nib recovery and rich fat content. These best performing clones
should be multiplied as clonal orchards for supply of quality planting material for the sustainability of the
region specific cropping systems with cocoa.
Keywords: cocoa, clones, regions, palms

2.2.3 Seasonal Variation (Summer and Rainy Season)

in Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Oil Palm
Hybrids?
K. Suresh*, P. Anitha, K. Manorama and P. Kiran Babu
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi - 534 450, Andhra Pradesh, India
Email:Suresh.Kancherla@icar.gov.in

Oil content and fatty acid composition in three different sources of oil palm hybrids viz., Malaysia, Deli
x Ghana and Deli x Nigeria were analysed during two seasons, rainy and summer. Seasonal variations in
fruit weights (4.9 – 13.6 g), oil content (69.3 – 81 %) and moisture (30.2 – 43.9 %) were observed
among hybrids. The fruit weight and mesocarp contents were higher in all the hybrids during summer
compared to that of rainy months, while oil content was high during rainy months in the oil palm hybrids
studied. The oil to dry mesocarp content was high in Deli x Ghana hybrid followed by Malaysian and
Deli x Nigeria hybrid sources. Saturated fatty acids like myristic acid (0.67 – 1.32 %) and palmitic acid
(41.9 – 49.6 %) showed higher levels during summer season, while stearic acid (3.67 – 4.86 %)
increased during rainy season. Palmitic acid levels were high in oil palm hybrids belonging to Malaysian
source followed by Deli x Nigeria and Deli x Ghana sources. Unsaturated fatty acids like oleic (36.5 –
44.1 %), linoleic (5.58 – 8.57 %) and linolenic (0.22 – 0.56 %) increased during summer and decreased
during rainy months. Oleic acid levels were high in oil palm hybrids belonging to Malaysian source
followed by Deli x Ghana and Deli x Nigeria sources. The study confirms that oil content and fatty acid
composition is influenced by temperature and rainfall during rainy and summer months.
Key words: Fatty acid composition, mesocarp oil, moisture, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), oil
palm, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA).

2.2.4 Climate Change and its Effects on Horticulture

and Agriculture Crops in Uttar Pradesh
Ajay Kumar, S. N. Pandey, C. B. Singh, Naushad Khan, Karam Husain and Shivam Mishra

Department of Agronomy, CS Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur

Uttar Pradesh, 208 002, India
Email: ajaymausam19@gmail.com

Climate Change has brought disruption all around us. Agriculture and Horticulture are one of the few
sectors affected by it, however, are receiving less attention, despite having significant economic
16 Book of Abstracts

implications. The rising temperature continue to affect the agriculture and horticulture crops. Different
crops have been impacted differently in terms of some getting costly to grow, soil quality getting
depleted, temperature change, etc. Climate change and several supporting factors such as drought,
hailstorms, excessive or no rainfall have affected the agriculture and horticulture crops and the overall
production. In Uttar Pradesh, the crops that require specific climatic conditions for them to grow and
cultivate have been suffering lately, such as banana, papaya, mango, etc. Here in this paper, we discuss
the agriculture and horticulture crops that have been poorly affected by climate change in Uttar Pradesh.
This study used secondary sources of key research studies, articles, journals to discuss the impact of
climate change on the agriculture and horticulture crops in Uttar Pradesh with a special focus on the
cultivation of papaya and banana.

2.2.5 Effect of Global Warming Specially

on Horticulture Crop
Naushad Khan, Karam Husain, S. N. Pandey, M. Z. Siddiqui, C. B. Singh and Ajay Kumar

Department of Agronomy, CS Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208
002, India
Email: snpandeycsak@gmail.com

The effect of global warming is now visible in many parts of the world. Abnormality in climate patterns,
induced by accelerated warming, has started to affect a catchment-specific hydrologic cycle. Higher
temperatures lead to a high rate of evaporation and dry conditions in some areas of the world. Severe
weather events are now more common. Scientists believe that rapid warming in the last several decades
is mostly due to human-induced changes in the atmosphere, on top of some natural variations. Impacts
of climate change are complex as they can be both direct and indirect, the biggest casualty being natural
resources such as agriculture. Agriculture is a carefully manipulated ecological system, the productivity
of which could increase because higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could allow a higher
rate of photosynthesis. However, many interacting factors are at work. At higher levels of warming,
estimated monetary impacts generally become negative, and studies, allowing for disastrous possibilities,
can reach high negative outcomes. Moreover, the perennial plants (mostly fruit plants) are at more risk
than annuals or seasonal.

2.2.6 Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in

Horticultural Crops
Naushad Khan, Karam Husain, S. N. Pandey, C. B. Singh, Ajay Kumar
and Shivam Mishra
Department of Agronomy, CS Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208
002, India
Email : snpandeycsak@gmail.com

If agriculture is the main stay towards the emission of greenhouse gases induced climate change,
horticultural crops have a much bigger role to play in countering the negative consequences of climate
 Book of Abstracts 17

change by providing a better carbon trade and carbon sink. One of the most ominous physiological
responses that accrue in response to climate change is the shortened growing period, causing distinctive
reduction in production of fruits and vegetables. These responses will leave negative impact on growth
and development of horticultural crops due to terminal heat stress and deprived soil water availability.
Interventions seeking climate-smart horticulture are, therefore, felt an unwarranted necessity integrating
location-specific and knowledge-intensive premise for improving production under such challenging
environment. Crop-based adaptation strategies are needed keeping in view the nature of crop, its sensitivity
level and the agro-ecological region. Simultaneously, keeping an eye on carbon sink potential of different
horticultural crops vis-à-vis annual field crops will further aid in developing a blue print for redressal of
climate change related issues.

2.2.7 Nutritional and Therapeutic Values of Methi

(Trigonella foenum graecum)
Rana Pratap Singh1, Brijesh Kumar Maurya2, Rajiv3 and D.P. Singh4
1
Subject Matter Specialist (Ag. Extn.), 2Research Scholar, 3Assistant Professor & 4Associate
professor1KVK, Raebareili2-4Department of Vegetable Science
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002
Email: ranapsingh74@gmail.com

Fenugreek is a valuable medicinal plant belongs to Leguminous Family with potential for multipurpose
use and also as a source for preparing raw materials of pharmaceutical industry, especially steroidal
hormones. It is grown for seeds, leafy vegetables and fodder. It is one of the most promising medicinal
herbs, known from ancient times and shows antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic,
hypocholesteromic, hypoglycemic and lactation induced properties. Recent studies have revealed that
fenugreek is a valuable herb having medicinal properties and thus, can be used for preparing different
products of medical.The seeds are a rich source of polysaccharide, galactomannan, saponins such as
diosgenin, yamogenin, gitogenin, tigogenin, and neotigogens. Other bioactive constituents of fenugreek
include mucilage, volatile oils, and alkaloids such as choline and trigonelline which has been shown to
lower blood sugar and prevent diabetes induced cataract and these are alsoused as tonic and
possessemollient, carminative, demulcent,diuretic, restorative, aphrodisiac and vermifugal activity . Its
leaves contain biologically active substances (protein, amino acids, biogenic elements, lipids and fatty
acids), and they are used in traditional medicine, as functional food and in the cosmetics industry.Nowadays,
fenugreek is widely cultivated as a drug plant.Recent studies have revealed that fenugreek is a valuable
herb having medicinal propertieswhich could have beneficial health effect for human beings.
Keywards- Fenugreek, Hormone, Therapeutic Value, Traditional Medicine.

2.2.8 Wetland Horticulture: Potential Future Crops

Deepa H. Dwivedi
Professor, Department of Horticulture, School for Agriculture Science and Technology, Babasaheb
Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226 025
Email: deepahansraj1999@gmail.com
Transitional lands between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with a water table usually at or near the
surface, or the lands covered by shallow water are termed as wetlands. These are marginal wastelands
18 Book of Abstracts

along irrigation canals, floodplains of rivers, submerged areas, marshes, tidal plains, natural lakes, barrages,
etc which are not being utilised for agrarian activities since the substrate is predominantly undrained
hydric soil. India boasts of 757,000 wetlands accounting for about 4.7% of the total geographical area
covering 15.3 million Ha. 37 of these wetlands in India are declared Ramsar sites. The subsurface soil
strata in these areas is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time during the
growing season of each year and periodically, the land supports predominantly hydrophytes. They are
typically shallow waterbodies where sunlight can penetrate the surface to facilitate subterranean
photosynthesis, making these ecosystems one of the most biologically productive areas on the planet.
Horticultural crops form an important component of the wetland flora which can be consumed by
humans and thus, need to be explored.
A large number of edible plant species are found growing naturally in the wetland sites since ancient
times and many of these form a part of the traditional diet of societies inhabiting adjoining areas. With the
increasing pressure of urbanisation encroaching upon arable lands wetland sites offer a potential for
cultivation of alternative plant species of commercial importance for food, nutrition, medicine as well as
ornamentals. Commonly Wild Rice(Zizania sp. aquatica), Rice (Oryza glaberrima; Oryza sativa),
Watercress (Nasturtium microphyllum) , Water Pepper (Persicaria hydropiper), Water Spinach (Ipomoea
aquatica), Wasabi (Wasabia japonica), Water Chestnut (Trapa natan var bispinosa), Chinese waterchestnut
(Eleocharis dulcis,), Makhana (Euryale ferox), Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), Cocklebur (Xanthium
strumarium L), Wild capegooseberry (Physalis minima), Water Lily (Nymphaea alba L) etc are among
the many acquatic species which are consumed as part of the diet in certain societies. These acquatic
plants are a rich source of minerals and other bioactive molecules which have high antioxidant activities
and are immuno protective. However, besides water chestnut and Fox nut most of these plants are still
ignored and their potential is underexploited. A wide germ-plasm of water-chestnut (Trapa natans var
bispinosa) has been documented in the northern plains of Uttar Pradesh. However over a period of time,
with increasing market farmers have limited cultivation to fewer varieties. Which have larger sized fruits
and better kernel quality. The fruit of water chestnut is sold in the local market as fresh or boiled fruit
and is available from December/ January. It is processed into flour after drying the fruit. It has immense
potential for phytoremediation and contributes in improving soil and water health. Thus, wetlands and
wetland flora contributes in the livelihood of humans and numerous services from wetlands and can
play a significant role in overcoming the problem of food security.
 Book of Abstracts 19

TECHNICAL SESSION 3
INNOVATIONS IN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT OF
PERENNIAL HORTICULTURE FOR CLIMATE RESILIENT AND
SUSTAINABILITY

3.1 Keynote Presentation

3.1.1 Technological Options for Sustainable

Horticultural Production Management System in
Wastelands
D. R. Singh
Vice Chancellor, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208002

Land represents an important component of natural resources for survival and sustenance of continental
life directly. The land degradation is a temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the
land or its potential for environmental management. The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) defined land degradation as ‘a negative trend in land condition, caused by direct or indirect human-
induced processes including anthropogenic climate change, expressed as long-term reduction or loss of
biological productivity, ecological integrity, or value to humans’. Land degradation is a serious issue which
affect food and nutritional security of the country. There is need to intensify the efforts for restoration of
degraded lands to ensure food security and livelihood support to people. Different technological options are
available now for restoration and reclamation of degraded lands. However, most of these are costly and
time taking measures. Thus, there is need for systematic and long-term research programmes for
understanding the most effective land management option. Use of region specific and problem specific
crops, irrigation management options, land management practices, microbial consortia etc. have shown
promise. Organic farming and natural farming are new dimensions in agriculture & horticulture which
great potential not only in enhancing the income but also utilise the degraded wastelands.
Keywords: climate change, sustainable development, waste land management, horticulture, production
management

3.1.2 Knowledge Diffusion for Sustainable

Development of Horticulture
Suresh K. Malhotra
Project Director, ICAR-Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture and
Former Agriculture Commissioner
Krishi Bhawan, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,
Government of India, New Delhi-110001
I
Email: director.dkma@icar.gov.in

Today, India is not only self-sufficient in respect for food, but is also a net exporter of agri-products
occupying sixth position globally. It is one of the top producers of cereals, pulses, fruits, vegetables,
20 Book of Abstracts

spices, plantation crops, medicinal & aromatic plants. India’s agricultural exports touched their highest
ever mark by crossing $50 billion in the financial year 2021-22. National Agriculture Research System
has succeeded in development of several technologies and many of them have been adopted. But in
present context of impact of environmental and pest challenges, knowledge driven agriculture will play
an important role in shaping future of agriculture. We are facing challenge for increasing yield and lower
average cost; therefore it needs to upgrade technology in many priority crops such as oil seeds, pulses,
fruits and vegetable crops. Present day farming is required to be ameliorated from low tech to high-tech
(high density planting in fruit crops, root stock technology, green house cultivation, poly houses & poly
tunnels, mechanisation, micropropagation, precision farming will reduce average cost of production,
enhance farmers income and address disabilities for upscaling them. Further, without improving efficiency
of water use in agriculture through modern method of irrigation (drip, sprinkler, sensors) the country
cannot address stress on water use and meet future water requirement. Role of frontier technologies
such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, drone technology, ICT etc. has emerged as important tools in
accelerating agricultural growth and address the issues. In the changing scenario of food, nutritional and
health security, agriculture including horticulture is required to be made more vibrant and competitive
based on novel approaches and initiatives which are primarily knowledge driven.1
Social, economic, and environmental aspects are three dimensions to sustainable development. In all
spheres, knowledge sharing is critical to supporting these dimensions through advisory services. Extension
system therefore is key for linking scientific research, field-level innovations and innovators, markets,
education, and other service providers. Farm advisory services are crucial to putting farmers’ needs at
the centre of rural development, ensuring sustainable food security and dealing with risks and uncertainty.
The knowledge sharing mechanisms should focus on critical areas aligned with sustainable development
goals including safeguarding natural resources, more efficient farming processes, value addition in
horticulture, marketing skills, food, nutrition and health security.
Although most people can see the benefits of using a more precise approach to manage crops with
additional information, the tools provided by precision farming and other information technologies have
not yet moved into mainstream agricultural management. The increased complexity of the systems
inhibits easy adoption and makes calculations as to the financial benefits uncertain. These issues can be
resolved by improving the decision making process though better Management Information Systems,
improved data interchange standards and clear management methods. Knowledge based precision farming
has been seen as a technology that demands the development of information systems in agriculture.
Therefore, the strategies in which farmers communicate and cooperate in the adoption of precision
agriculture needs to be worked out. The question before us is that how we can ensure that farmers have
information, skills, markets, technologies, and other services. Here extension and advisory services can
improve the quality, diversity and volume of food production.
Knowledge diffusion happens through extension system in India mainly comprise of 731 Farm Advisory
Centres (KVK’s) located in different agro-ecological regions, play a critical connecting role as knowledge
dissemination centres in food and agricultural innovation systems. Apart from extension of latest technical
know-how such knowledge centres should help local communities to meet their needs and link them to
scientific research and input and output markets also. In the present scenario of climate change when
we think about enhancing income of farmers the system should help them to respond to expected
climatic changes, environmental degradation, and market volatility. The role of extension goes far beyond
technical and production functions, and includes the whole social and cultural background. It should
connect science to users in a healthy relationship that not only provides reliable, honest, and timely
information to farmers, processors, marketers, and farmer producer organisations, but also gives solid
feedback to scientists and researchers about users’ own innovations, insights, problems encountered,
and opportunities uncovered. Knowledge sharing is critical for sustainable development. More and
better agricultural extension and advisory services are a legacy outcome that allows knowledge-based
 Book of Abstracts 21

infrastructure to adapt to changes in agriculture. Whether it is better meeting of nutritional needs,

promoting health and financial security, improving the efficiency of water use, reducing land use, or any
of the other competing demands on farming services, they are best met through improved practices
based on knowledge.
The pandemic situation has set new normal and has put Indian agriculture into the framework of global
food provider. Accordingly, there is need to examine competitiveness of some selected agricultural
crops in the light of empirical evidence of domestic and international prices, the world commodity
situation and the structure of the global market for agricultural commodities. Need is felt for predictive
analysis models for Real Time Information Systems for forecasting of yield and later price discovery in
the event of export or import. At this juncture the role needs to be re-oriented in the light of changing
environment and requirements to meet the new challenges and also to harness new opportunities from
local to global. This will require a shift in our approach and thinking which should be knowledge based.

3.1.3 Strategies and Approaches for Climate Resilient

and Sustainable Production of Litchi
Vishal Nath*, Krishna Prakash and Dipak Kumar Gupta
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Jharkhand,
Gauria Karma, Hazaribagh 825405
Email:vishalnath1966@gmail.com

Litchi is a speciality fruit whose flavour and taste are beyond compare. The delicious fresh fruit is
preferred during the hot summer months whereas processed products are available throughout the year.
There has been a substantial increase in area, production and productivity of litchi in the past 75 years
after independence. It is estimated that in the past 30 years (1991-92 to 2021-22), an increase in the area
has been more than 80 per cent, while production increased during the same period is to the tune of
above 150 per cent. Productivity also recorded an increase of approx. 50 per cent during the same time.
Despite its popularity, litchi stands only at the 13th position among fruit crops in terms of both area as
well as production in India. One reason for non-spread of litchi area with greater pace in the Indian
subcontinent could be speculation that litchi is very fastidious in soil and climatic requirements for
successful growth. In recent past, lot many efforts have been made to test the crop performance in
various regions of the country with successful outcomes. Litchi yield and fruit quality is very much
affected by environmental parameters like temperature, photoperiod intensity, moisture content in the
soil, humidity in the atmosphere and chilling requirement. Climatic change affects the litchi plant growth
as well as reproductive phase viz. panicle emergence time and flowering behaviour.
In an era of dynamic climatic changes, there is a need to adopt climate-resilient strategies for sustained
production of litchi. Identifying potential areas for litchi cultivation in different states and strategic
planning for area expansion in a phased manner is a way forward to bring more acreage under litchi
cultivation. Any climate-resilient adaptation strategies to be implemented for higher productivity in litchi
should aim at efficient nutrient and water management as per the tree growth stages, canopy management
and integrated pest management. Improved technologies for better crop management under changing
climatic scenarios include high-density planting, quality planting material of improved varieties, canopy
architecture management, rejuvenation of old unproductive orchards, orchard floor management and
utilisation, girdling of main branches to ensure regular crop, tree covering and fruit bagging, introducing
honey bees as potential pollinators and using windbreaks for avoiding damage by the heavy windstorm.
Adopting better harvesting practices and timely disposal of produce to reduce post-harvest losses could
22 Book of Abstracts

be another important strategy for a non-climacteric fruit like litchi. The smart use of adaptation strategies
at an appropriate time is the key for success and overcoming the ill effects of climatic change and
sustained production of litchi in India.
Keywords: Litchi cultivation, Climate resilient technology, Sustainable production

3.1.4 Strategies for Climate Resilient and Sustainable

Development of Oil Palm
K. Manorama and R.K. Mathur
ICAR- Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godavari District, A.P.
Email: Ravi.Mathur@icar.gov.in; Manorama.Kamireddy@icar.gov.in

Oil palm is a humid tropical crop and it is native of West Africa. It is highly adaptive to climatic variations
and because of this, its cultivation has spread even to South-East Asian countries; its cultivation is
reported in more than 40 countries. In India, it is largely cultivated as an irrigated crop due to its
perennial nature with indeterminate growth habit. However, rain-fed cultivation with limited irrigation is
also possible in locations with mean annual rainfall of >1800 mm having even distribution of rainfall of
at least in 8–10 months. As per climate change prediction estimates, higher altitude areas may become
more suitable in 2050 and 2100 as there will be improvement in mean temperatures and eventually
minimum temperatures too. Therefore, it is imperative to develop adaptation and mitigation strategies to
areas presently suitable and to concentrate on higher altitudes for developing production technologies to
successfully grow oil palm in a sustainable manner. This paper deals with the impacts of climate change
on oil palm productivity, shift in suitable locations and development of climate resilient strategies to
combat climate change impacts.

3.1.5 Climate Resilient and Sustainable Production of

Mango and Guava in India
M. Sankaran* and M. R. Dinesh **
* Principal Scientist, ICAR-IIHR, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengluru-560089
** Ex-Director, ICAR-IIHR, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru-560089

Climate change impacts are going to be positive in general for fruit crops because of their resilient to
withstand the harsh climates. In the light of possible global warming, more emphasis has to be given on
the development of climate resilient varieties, identification of potential gene/genes for biotic and abiotic
stress in the wild relatives and land races which can be introgressed on the commercial varieties background
and development of rootstocks for biotic and abiotic stresses. The development of technologies on
management of canopy architecture, efficient utilisation of water and nutrients to adapt to warmer
environmental conditions. There is need for regional level planning for resource allocation, including
land, water, and horticultural developments by considering the climate change into account. The
continuation of current and new initiatives to research potential minimises the effects of climate change
at farm, regional, national and international level and will help to provide a more detailed picture of how
world horticulture and agriculture could change. Hence, a comprehensive plan covering R &D aspect
 Book of Abstracts 23

for all horticultural crops is must and convergence of scientists, policy makers and public is the need of
the hour for marching ahead and take the horticulture in to next level.

3.1.6 Strategic Approaches for Climate Resilient and

Sustainable Production of Plantation Crops in India
P. Rethinam* and K.Suresh@
*Plantation Crops Specialist and Former Executive Chairman, APCC, Jakarta, Indonesia
@
Principal Scientist (Plant Physiology), ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi
Andhra Pradesh
Email:palms002@hotmail.com; Suresh.Kancherla@icar.gov.in

Plantation crops like coconut .oil palm, cocoa, rubber arecanut coffee ,and tea are high value commercial
crops and play a vital role in the indian economy in earning foreign exchange .These crops are likely to
be more vulnerable due to excessive use of natural resources particularly water with poor adaptive
mechanisms. Climate change might worsen existing regional disparities as it will reduce yields mostly in
lands located at lower latitudes, where many developing countries are situated. The water requirement is
estimated to increase by 10 per cent for every 1oC rise in temperature. Under such situations, when yield
decreases, small and marginal oil palm growers would be affected most. Hence consequences of climate
change could be severe on livelihood and social security of the poor in the absence of better adaptation
strategies. Strategies to enhance local adaptation capacity are therefore required to reduce climatic
impacts and maintain regional stability in oil production. At the same time, plantation crops offer several
opportunities to mitigate the portion of global greenhouse gas emissions that are directly dependent upon
land use and land-management techniques. This paper reviews issues relating to impacts of climate
change with special emphasis on adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate resilient production of
plantation crops. Adaptation and mitigation strategies in oil palm could be carried out to alleviate the
potential negative effects of climate change. However, important synergies need to be identiûed as
mitigation strategies may compete with local agricultural practices aimed at maintaining production. The
specific research priorities for plantation crops to combat climate change have also been highlighted.

3.1.7 Innovations in Value Chain Management of

Arid Fruits and Vegetables
P. L. Saroj and Vijay Rakesh Reddy
ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner
Email:plsaroj@yahoo.co.in

Arid horticultural crops cultivated in the western regions of India possess greater nutritional, medicinal,
and organoleptic qualities compared to their counter crops cultivated in the tropical and subtropical
regions of the country. However, the supply/ value chain of these arid horticultural crops are highly
effected by the challenges of severe postharvest losses caused by long and fragmented transport chains,
dependency over the intermediaries, poor infrastructure facilities relating to transport and storage, inefficient
mandi system, high cost of the packaging system, poor quality of distribution, etc. This has resulted in
poor price realisation by the growers and exorbitant retail prices to be paid by the end-consumers.
24 Book of Abstracts

The Indian economy is primarily agriculture based and thus there is an urgent need for development of
proper value chain models for increasing the shelf life of perishable commodities in order to reduce the
postharvest losses and wastages. This would also increase the farmers returns, and generate employment
opportunities for the rural unemployed youth for improvement of their livelihood. Various new initiatives
such as adoption of basic production factors, an optimal crop management system, developing post-
harvest infrastructure, entrepreneurial management and expertise, logistical infrastructure and finally by
improving post-harvest operations related to handling, transport, storage and marketing of produce
would go a long way to benefit the farmers with good remunerative price and consumers with good
quality produce and also will reduce the losses incurred due to poor post-harvest management and
thereby ensuring adequate supply to the consumers.

3.1.8 Climate Resilient Approaches for Sustainable

Coconut Production
Anitha Karun1, and K. Muralidharan
1
Director, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod
Email: kmurali.cpcri@gmail.com

In recent years, the long term changes in weather parameters are well established and it has become
necessary to work upon an action plan to cope with these changes in every facet of life. The climate
change is manifesting itself, and is projected to be intensified in terms of severe weather events such as
an Increase in temperature and number of warm days; reduction in summer-monsoon precipitation;
long-duration dry spells and resulting droughts; rise in seas levels; and frequent cyclones. As agriculture
is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change, research approaches needed to be continuously
refined to address changing requirements. The possible impact of climate change on coconut production
in India has been studied using the ‘InfoCrop’ model and results indicate an increase in overall production,
but in certain coconut growing tracts where at present the precipitation is less and frequency of droughts
increasing may become unsuitable in future. It is crucial that, existing technologies such as moisture
tolerant varieties, soil and water conservation methods, drip irrigation/fertigation, appropriate cropping
systems, and pests and diseases management are scientifically adopted to achieve sustainable coconut
production. Based on physiological, biochemical, and anatomical characteristics, ten released varieties/
hybrids were identified as moisture stress tolerant. However, molecular screening techniques are to be
developed to obtain more reliable results. This is more relevant for coconut as it is highly heterozygous.
To augment the supply of planting material, farmer participatory identification of mother palms showing
tolerance in drought-affected areas is to be made as a part of the All India Coordinated Research Project
on Palms. It is important to monitor the effect of climate change on natural resources such as soil
nutrients, water availability, and microbiome. Techniques based on IoT, AI, and robotics will be of
much use in this regard. Aberrations in the weather will bring disequilibrium in the ecosystem which
can alter the pattern of incidence and spread of pests and diseases. The changes in crop will further
add complexities in this regard. Studies on understanding the unpredictability of pest incidence, preparation
of contingency plans, developing robust cropping systems, and dissemination and skill development of
crop protection techniques are some of the suggested strategies. To evolve a robust cropping system,
the evaluation should include adaptation to climate change (increase in temperature and CO2 level),
energy saving, reduction in emission of greenhouse gases, carbon sequestration, and reduction in pests
incidence. It is important to document in detail how coconut based cropping systems are capable of
enhancing carbon sequestration and achieving net emission zero, which were the two important
commitments made at COP26.
 Book of Abstracts 25

Keywords: Coconut, climate resilient, production, technological production against disease.

3.1.9 Post-Independence Scenario of Table Grape

Cultivation in India
R.G. Somkuwar1 and Dhananjay N. Gawande2
Director, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.B. No. 3, P.O. Manjari Farm, Solapur Road,
1

Pune–412307, (Maharashtra), India, E-mail: rgsgrapes@gmail.com, Contact-9422032988/8530699702

2
Scientist, (Plant Breeding), ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune–412307, E-mail:
dngawande2016@gmail.com/D.Gawande@icar.gov.in; Contact: +91-9146630802

Grape is a high value export oriented fruit crop which has gained significance in India due to location
specific suitable modifications. Now it is being practiced in almost all climatic conditions from tropical
to temperate and spread over different states of the country. Grape cultivation on a commercial basis is
about seven decades old in India and now considered as most remunerative amongst all fruit cultivation
in the country. In India around 78-80% of grape is produced for fresh consumption and about 17-20%
for raisin making and around 2% collectively for juice and wine production. If we looked 75 years back,
the country has shown implausible progress in the grape production. The endeavors of Indian research
institutes and innovative grape growers in respect of varietal development, adoption of grape rootstocks
and modification of grape cultivation practices pertinent to Indian climatic conditions has made India
prominent table grape producing country in the world next to China. To lead global market of table
grapes, India needs indigenous grape cultivars with better fruit quality, varieties with vivid aromas/
flavors, wider adaptability, climate resilience and inherited tolerance against biotic as well as abiotic
stresses. Besides widening of varietal base and development of abiotic stress tolerant rootstocks some
important areas needs to be look into like adoption of protected cultivation, off-season availability and
mechanization friendly crop husbandry techniques for enhancing the export potential of the country.

3.1.9 Phenophase Based Inputs for Enhanced

Physiological Activity Parameters Contributing
Towards Productivity
R. H. Laxman,
Kempapura, Bengaluru
26 Book of Abstracts

3.1.10 Climate Resilient Sustainable Technologies of

Dryland Fruits for Economic and Health Security
A. K. Singh
ICAR-CIAH-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Godhra, Gujarat
Email: aksbicar@gmail.com

India is home land of many dry land fruit crops and the most of them is limited to its growing region
only. In spite of their high nutritional and medicinal properties their commercial cultivation is lacking.
Most of semi-arid fruits are in the core recipes of many
ayurvedic formulations. These fruits have many advantages like easier to grow and hardy in nature,
producing a crop even under adverse soil and climatic conditions. So, exploitation of semi-arid fruit
crops can be a solution of health and nutrition security, poverty, and unemployment. The consumption
of semi-arid fruit crops can provide nutrition to the poor and needy masses by meeting the nutrient
requirements of vulnerable groups. These fruits are a rich of source of carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
energy, vitamins: A, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 6 , B 9 , B 12 , C, folic acid, and minerals: Ca, P, Fe, and dietary
fiber. These fruits are rich in bioactive compounds to prevent and cure various diseases like marasmus,
night blindness, anemia, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, bacterial, fungal and viral infection, and hidden
hunger. It is also established fact that seasonal, locally available, and cheap fruits can also keep the
population healthy and nutritionally secure rather than costly off-season ones. Such fruit crops have the
potential to give health and economic security to the people by giving employment and by fetching good
returns from their sale in raw form as well as value-added products. Many semiarid fruits, well adapted
to marginal lands and with low cost inputs, may thus be of great benefit for the survival of poor
communities, employment generation and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.

3.1.11 Physiological Understanding of Abiotic Factors in

Production of Subtropical Fruits
A. K. Trivedi
ICAR - Central Institute For Subtropical Horticulture
Rehmankhera, P.O. – Kakori, Lucknow - 226 101 (Uttar Pradesh)
E-mail: ak.trivedi@icar.gov.in; ajayakumartrivedi@gmail.com

Fruit crop production, is strongly dependent on orchard environmental conditions. Adoption of fruit
crops is becoming essential to meet the ever increasing demand of nutritious food and herbal medicines
for the burgeoning population. Abiotic stresses prevalent in subtropical region drastically affect micro-
environment of orchards. Among the abiotic factors affecting tree growth and productivity occurrence
of moisture stress at important phenological stages is a key factor reducing tree growth and leading to
yield reduction. Experiments were conducted to find out sustainable and cost effective moisture
management strategies in mango. Three sprays of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) at fruit
set stage, pea stage and marble stage respectively were applied @ 20 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM, and 150 µM
were applied to replace the three irrigations usually practiced by mango growers in sub tropical region.
Three foliar sprays of melatonin @ 00, 20, 50, 100 and 150 ìM were applied at three phenological stages
(fruit set, pea and marble stage) in mango trees. To compare with irrigation a set of trees was given 3
irrigations and un-irrigated trees were maintained as negative control. Consecutive three year observations
 Book of Abstracts 27

point out that old leaves were comparatively less affected by moisture stress than the new flush of
leaves. Total chlorophyll content in mature leaves of un-irrigated trees was 50% less as compared to
melatonin treated trees. In contrast, activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxidase dismutase and
glutathione reductase in leaves were 40-50% less in trees treated with melatonin @ 100 ìM as compared
to un-irrigated trees. In the irrigated and melatonin treated plants difference in activities of these enzymes
was found to be non-significant. A drastic difference was found in the yield of ‘A’ grade fruits (fruit
weight e” 250g) in melatonin treated trees (@ 100 ìM) and negative control plants (un-irrigated). Application
of melatonin in micro molar concentration might be a viable strategy to manage the moisture stress in
mango.
Keywords: Abiotic stress, canopy architecture, light availability. moisture stress, shading, temperature.

3.1.12 Emerging Tropical Fruit Crops for Domestic and

International Markets
Kundan Kishore
Central Horticultural Experiment Station (ICAR-IIHR), Bhubaneswar
Email: kkhor12@gmail.com

India is the 2nd largest producer of fruits in the world with the share of 11.3%. The country is also the
largest producer of mango, banana, guava, papaya and lemon. Apart from potential traditional fruit
crops like litchi, custard apple, pineapple, sapota, jackfruit, aonla, etc. exotic tropical fruit crops such as
dragon fruit, avocado, persimmon, rambutan, mangosteen, etc. are also getting place in the fruit basket
of the country. The fruit industry of India is characterized with substantial increase in the production.
However the share of fresh fruits in total export of horticultural produce is merely 10%. On the other
hand, the contribution of processed products is more than 76%. The export of fresh fruit is mainly
dominated by grapes, orange, pomegranate, mango and banana. However emerging fruit crops like
dragon fruit, avocado, rambutan and mangosteen possess good export potential. Export plays a key role
in enhancing economic growth. However with the participation of traditional and exotic fruit growers,
the scope of fruits will be enhanced. India is blessed with different types of agro-climatic regions which
offer diverse climate for emerging crops like litchi, custard apple, pineapple, dragon fruit, jackfruit,
avocado, rambutan, etc. Change in the dietary pattern further increases the potential of fruit crops like,
jackfruit, jamun, aonla and tamarind. Pigment rich fruits such as red-bulb jackfruit (carotenoid and
lycopene), jamun (anthocynin) and red-fleshed dragon fruit (betalains) have great export potential as
they possess high anti-oxidative property. Additionally, tamarind (polyphenols), rose apple (quercetin),
bael (carotenoid) and aonla (ascorbic acid) also possess great export potential. Of late utilization of
unripe jackfruit for culinary purpose has increased many folds since the product has low glycaemic
index, which make it suitable for diabetic patient. Nowadays, the breeding approaches focus on nutritional
aspect and in turn different varieties of tropical fruits have been developed. The Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research has identified red bulb jackfruit varieties viz. Sidhu and Shankara which may be
exploited for their export potential. Similarly, Arka Sahan and NMK-01 are promising varieties of custard
apple possessing export potential. Nowadays geographical indications (GIs) are increasingly viewed as
a potential tool foe economic exploitation of crops. GI tags for fruit crops: litchi - Sahi and Tezpur,
pineapple - Tripura Queen and Vizhakulam and custard apple - Beed will also be instrumental in enhancement
of export potential. The export potential of emerging fruit crops is also high owing to the availability of
export market such as Bengladesh, Nepal, Arabian countries and Southeast Asian countries.
28 Book of Abstracts

3.2 Oral Presentation

3.2.1 Sustainable Production Moringa for

Improving the Immunity system
Dr. Sudha Vani

Dr YSRHU,Venkataramannagudem 534101,Andhra Pradesh

Email: vani.sudha2014@gmail.com

The mineral packed, vitamin rich, nutritious vegetable called the Miracle tree or drumstick or horse
radish tree or West Indian Ben is botanically Moringa oleifera Lam. is a tropical crop which can be
cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates due to its quick adaptability to drought and frost conditions.
All the parts of moringa plant possesses human value. The Ayurvedic Scripts revealed that the Moringa
leaves are capable of preventing 300 diseases that the human normally faces in his routine”. Once
Moringa was eaten by ancient Indians, Greeks and Egyptians. Moringa oleifera leaves have been used in
traditional medicine passed down for centuries in many cultures. More recently, the modern scientific
community has begun to validate many of these claims with over 1300 studies and research publications
on Moringa. While discussing the health benefits of Moringa, the list is exhaustive and unending. It
contains around 20 type of amino acids, 46 antioxidants, 36 anti-inflammatory compounds and more
than 90 nutrients which make it one of the best nutritional supplements. It is an excellent source of
minerals like iron, calcium and vitamins A, B, B1, B2, B3, B6, C, E as well as macro nutrients, trace
minerals and phytonutrients. Besides these, it is a good source of quality protein and dietary fibre.
(Gopalan et al., 1981). These vivid green leaves are nature’s superpower food. It has the power to cure
the world from malnutrition. We can use Moringa as part of our daily diet and to aid in our healthy living.
Different part of this plant such as the bark, leaves, immature pods, roots, fruit, flowers and seeds serve
as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic, cholesterol lowering,
antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiulcer, diuretic, antifungal, antibacterial
hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antidiabetic activities. Traditionally, they serve for the treatment of different
ailments in medical system. Phytochemical’s such as tannins, sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins,
anthraquinone, alkaloids and reducing sugar are also present along with anti-cancerous agents like
glucosinolates, isothiocyanate, glycoside compounds and glycerol-1-9-octadecanoate . A variety of food
items with proper proportion of protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins etc. constitute the
balance diet. It provides all the required nutrients for the healthy body and a strong immune system.
Each and every part of Moringa has miraculous beneficial properties, so Moringa is a very simple and
readily available natural source to boost the immune system of human beings.
Keywords: Moringa, immunity booster

3.2.2 Emerging Fruit Crops for Domestic and

International Markets
Kundan Kishore
PS, FIAHS,CHES, Bhubaneswar
 Book of Abstracts 29

3.2.2 Role of Melatonin in Flowering, Fruit Set

and Fruit Ripening in Fruit crops
Ankit Kumar Pandey, Sanjay Sahay and Ankur Kumar Rai
Department of Fruit & Fruit Technology
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur 813210 (Bihar)
Email-ankitpandey.nd@gmail.com

Melatonin is an animal hormone that plays a role in a variety of regulatory processes, including sleep.
Phytomelatonin, a form of melatonin found in plants, was identified in 1995. Melatonin is involved in a
wide range of physiological functions in plants as well. Melatonin causes a blooming delay by stabilising
DELLA proteins and promoting FLC transcription. Melatonin has the ability to promote parthenocarpy
during fruit set. Melatonin stimulates fruit ripening and delays senescence. The formation of a melatonin
peak during the intermediate phases of flower growth has been described, and a protective role for
melatonin during flowering against stressful circumstances like light and temperature has been suggested.
In fruit set, the most significant role of melatonin is its capacity to induce parthenocarpy. This effect in
pear is the consequence of the induction of GA biosynthesis, producing fruits similar to those originated
by hand pollination, promoting cell division and mesocarp expansion. Melatonin is primarily involved in
stress situations in plants, but it also plays a role in germination, plant growth, and senescence, as well
as serving as a protective agent that improves important processes like photosynthesis, CO2 uptake, cell
water economy and primary and secondary metabolism. Changes in the majority of plant hormones
have been linked to melatonin.
Keyword: Flowering, Parthenocarpy, Transcription, Melatonin, Quality fruits, Ripening, Senescence.

3.2.3 Gross Return Maximization through Inclusion of

Vegetables Crops as Intercrops and Application of
Bio-agents in Sole Crop of Banana in District
Lakhimpur-Kheri of U.P.
Pradeep Kumar Bisen*, S. Singh, M. Suhail, S. K. Vishwakarma, N. K. Tripathi & J. L. Gupta
KVK-I, Lakhimpur Kheri-262802
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Emai: bisen73@gmail.com

A field study has been conducted during 2019-2021 in district Lakhimpur Kheri at farmer’s field regarding
scope of intercropping in sole crop of banana from five locations in Sub division of Nighasan .As the
main crop banana planted in double row with spacing of six fit. The remaining inter space can be utilized
to increase per unit area profit. The main crop as well as inter crops fed with organic manure 25 tons/
ha. The farmer also using bio agents during land preparation such as Trichoderma @ 2.5 kg/ha,
Pseudomonas @ 2.5 kg/ha and PSB culture. After that they had planted cauliflower, potato, garlic and
chilies as inter crop in double row of banana. Farmers generally takes banana as sole crops, but if
planted such a way that the various vegetable crops can be grown during winter season as inter crops
and can be benefited by selling their produce and for own consumption. Farmer’s only cultivated
30 Book of Abstracts

banana crop as sole with double row at a spacing of six feet and realized approximately gross return of
Rs.165000.00 per hectare and after inclusion with winter vegetable crops they had obtained approximately
gross return of Rs. 210000.00 per hectare.
Keywords: Banana , intercrop, vegetables crop, gross return

3.2.4 A Super Future Fruit of India: Dragon Fruit

Pragya Mishra1, Seema Sonkar1, Suman Devi1, Atul Yadav2 and H. G. Prakash2
Food Science & Nutrition (CAAST-NC Project) 1
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
&
2 Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture & Technology
Naini, Allahabad
Email: directoraes@csauk.ac.in

In India, Dragon Fruit is introduced as super fruit and have medicinal properties to cure a disease.
Dragon fruit has attractive in colour, edible black seed inside the pulp. This Fruit is also known as
strawberry pear. The advantage of crop is that once planted, it will grow about 20 years. It yields from
14-16 months after planting of stem of cutting. Dragon fruit has high nutritional quality and rich in
Vitamin C, Vitamin B group, fibers, calcium, phosphorus flavonoids and antioxidant properties. It has a
property to fight against cardio vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cancer etc and beneficial
biological activities against pathogenic microbes such as fungi& virus. Dragon fruit is also helps in
reducing blood sugar level, lowering cholesterol level, reinforce the bones, tissue formation, treat the
bleeding problems of vaginal and also help in digestion. The dragon fruits have good nutritional
nutraceutical properties and so many benefits.
Keywords: Dragon fruit, health benefits, nutritional property, nutraceutical,

3.2.5 Viticultural Practices to Prevent Bunch

Compactness and Improvement in Quality and Colour
Development in Grapes cv. Red Globe
H.K. Porika*, J. Satisha1, K.K. Upreti1 and Mohan Kumar2

*Scientist, Fruit Research Station, SKLTSHU, Sangareddy, Telangana

1
Principal Scientist, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru
Associate Professor2, College of Horticulture, GKVK, Bengaluru
*Corresponding author - harikanthporika@gmail.com

Red Globe is the most important table grape cultivars which is known for its prolificity in bearing,
compactness of bunches and inadequate colour development, which ultimately lowers its export quality
in international market. This study was started with the aim to improve berry size and better cluster
compactness along with uniform colour development, to improve the bunch quality with application of
different viticultural practices viz., berry thinning at 8mm stage, ethrel dip (500 ppm), basal leaf removal
 Book of Abstracts 31

and bunch covering either alone or in combinations which was compared against untreated control.
This experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons in a vineyard located in Block-I,
Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru. The bunch
compactness was evaluated according to the following classification: very loose, medium loose, and
very dense bunches. The quality characteristics of bunches and colour improvement were also evaluated.
The medium and lower number of berries per bunch was recorded in thinned bunches, whereas, in
control maximum number of berries per bunch recorded with more compactness. The better cluster
compactness (1.45 and 1.24), berry diameter (25.27 and 27.56 mm) and 50 berry weight (479.5 and
585.2 g) were recorded in combination of berry thinning, ethrel and basal leaf removal treatments,
respectively. Highest Brix-acid ratio (85.89 and 80.06), colour intensity (2.50 and 3.37) and total
anthocyanins content (2.80 and 4.54 mg/g FW) showed a similar pattern under treatment combination
of berry thinning, ethereal and basal leaf removal as compared to control, respectively in season-I and
II. Berry thinning along with ethrel dip and basal leaf removal in ‘Red Globe’ was efficient for reducing
bunch compactness. These results suggested that the treatment with combination of berry thinning,
etherial dip and basal leaf removal is effective in improving the bunch and berry quality attributes in Red
Globe.
Keywords: Compactness, thinning, ethrel, colour, Red Globe

3.3 Poster Presentation

3.3.1 Neem Tree - A Must for Every Household for

Sustainable Development
Devendra Swaroop, Jagdish Kishore and Arvind Kumar Singh

C.S.A.U.A. & T., Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thariaon, Fatehpur (U.P.)

E-mail: dswaroopcsa@gmail.com

The most popular and beneficial tree since ages , Neem ( Azadirachta Indica) is a large evergreen tree
under family Meliaceae . A very common and worthy eco friendly tree neem is used in several manners
, almost every part of the tree i.e. leaves ,twigs , fruits ,flowers , seeds and bark is utilized . It contains
around one thousand chemicals out of which more than hundred are terpinoids . Neem kernels contain
30-40% oils, 2.5 to 3.0% teripinoids and 0.2-0.65 % azadiractin . Neem is a fast growing tree that
grows best in semi arid tropical regions , usually flowers in March- April . Several traditional medicines
are made with the leaves , root, seeds and barks etc. The fresh juice of leaves is beneficial in typhoid ,
urinary disorders , leprosy , intestinal worms , jaundice , skin problems and several other diseases .Soft
twigs are used as brush for teeth cleaner .
Eating 8-10 fresh leaves daily in morning develops resistance power in body . Neem oil is used for soap
and Pharmaceutical products now days , neem based products are widely used in organic farming /
agriculture , still dried leaves are used for safe grain storage in rural areas . Neem has a major role in ITK
as well as neem based products are widely used for our livestock health and hygiene , It heals the injuries
, protecs the environmental pollutions , provides fuel , timber and fodder . Fatehpur one of the aspirational
districts of identified 112 Districts in India is also covered under vrihad vriksharopan abhiyan, the mass
plantation abhiyan shall be very crucial and beneficial in all the development blocks of district . Definitely
32 Book of Abstracts

these approaches shall help to reduce the pollution level for the benefit of the rural mass and farming
community.
Keyworks: Aspirational district, Neem, Environment, Abhiyan, Terpinoids

3.3.2 Intercropping of Azad Dhaniya-1 in

Banana Plantain Crop
Mohd. Suhail, P. K. Bisen, S.K. Vishwakarma, Sanjay Singh
N. K. Tripathi and J. L. Gupta

Banana is fourth most important crop grown in the world. The productivity per unit area, beetle infection
and gestation period may be reduce by adopting coriander as intercrop during rabi season. Intercropping
of coriander may break the life cycle of beetle, reduced weed population as well and farmers received
extra income from it. Banana is planted at distance of 6×6 sq/ft. apart during June. K.V.K. has organized
off campus training on scientific production of banana at village level and conducted FLD at farmers
field during 2017-18 and 2018-19 with objective maximum utilization of natural recourses, reduce
insect infection and got the extra income.

S.No. Particulars Banana + Coriander Banana

1 Method of sowing/plantation Ten rows of coriander between banana row 6×6 sq/ft
2 Seed rate + number of plant (per/ha.) 4.25+ 3150 3150
3 Land use and intercrop (%) 62.5 37.5
4 Cost of cultivation (Rs/ha.) 203750 + 7750 = 211500 211750
5 Saving in term of irrigation,
weedicide, insecticide, cultural operation etc. 12550 -
(Rs. per/ha)
6 Yield (q./ ha) 875.25 + 5.10 879.5
7 Gross profit (Rs/ha) 842400 + 35700+12550 = 890650 813500
8 Net profit (Rs. per ha) 679150 601750
9 B:C Ratio 4.21 3.84
10 beetle infection (%) 4.56 12.33

The average two year data presented that land use and intercropping percentage was (62.5%) in intercrop
field and (37.5%) in control field. beetle infection (4.56%) was observed on one spray of insecticide in
intercropped field while (12.33%) in control field. It was also observed that intercrop may also save
Rs.12550.00 / ha. in term of saving of irrigation schedule, weed population and cultural operations.
Total cost of cultivation was Rs. 211500.00 /ha. and Rs. 211750.00 /ha., gross profit Rs. 890650.00/ha.
and Rs. 813500.00/ha respectively. Net profit Rs. 679150.00 and Rs. 601750.00 was obtained in
intercropped filed and control field, respectively.
 Book of Abstracts 33

3.3.3 Effect of Temperature Rise on Crop Growth &

Productivity in Central Plain Zone in Uttar Pradesh
Ajay Kumar, S. N. Pandey, C. B. Singh, Naushad Khan, Karam Husain and Shivam Mishra
Department of Agronomy, CS Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
Uttar Pradesh, 208 002, India
Email: ajaymausam19@gmail.com

Crop growth and development is mainly a function of temperature if water is available to the optimum
satisfaction. Although weather and climate had never been constant and they had always experienced
changes either positive or negative but recent atmospheric warming was unprecedented. An increasing
global warming trend started in 1940s after industrial revolution and it had no end. During the last
century, the temperature increase was noticed around 0.70C which has been surpassed by the first
decade of 21st century scoring about 10C average global rise. Also it ranked as the warmest decade ever
recorded over the surface of earth and it brought numerous anomalies in the processes of the climate
system in the form of frequent floods, droughts, heat/cold waves, localised heavy downpour and highly
variable weather patterns in different parts of the world. India also suffered similar happenings which
occurred mainly due to rise in temperature leaving the serious challenges for sustainable food production.
Day and night temperatures in India have followed a significant increase during the last 30 years due to
which heat stress on plant growth and development has also enhanced. Higher night temperatures have
given rise to increase in respiration hence reducing the net gain in the form of grain yield. Sudden shoot
up of air temperatures in early spring when wheat and other winter crops were at reproductive stage of
their life cycle caused significant reductions in the grain yield despite affecting the apparent health of the
crops. Current rise in temperature is likely to continue during this century and extreme events associated
with rise are also expected to increase in frequency, intensity and persistence increasing the uncertainty
in sustainable crop production. We have to grow more by adopting a multidisciplinary approach to meet
the food demand of ever increasing population of India with fewer amounts of available land and water
resources in a highly hostile climate. Increased temperature will affect the physiological processes
necessary for crop growth and development of crops and ultimately crop yields are most likely to drop
over the present level. Climatic anomalies will play an important role in increasing the uncertainties in
crop production.

3.3.41 Economic Impact of Agro-meteorological

Advisories Services (AAS) on Onion and Garlic Crop
under Fatehpur District of UP
Wasim Khan1*, Arvind Kumar Singh2 and Vivek Kumar Dubey3

1
SMS (Agro-meteorology), DAMU, KVK, Fatehpur
2
Head, KVK, Fatehpur
3
Agro-met Observer, DAMU, KVK, Fatehpur

The present study was undertaken to know the usefulness of AAS and assessing the economic benefit
through its adoption in day to day farming operation by the farmers. The District Agromet Unit located
34 Book of Abstracts

at Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Fatehpur serves as a nodal center of AAS for the farming community of
the district. The Agro-meteorological Advisory Service (AAS) provided by India Meteorological Department
mainly aims to enhance the farmers’ income by proper utilisation of inputs and adopting suitable
management practices according to the weather condition. The study was conducted at Fatehpur
district of Uttar Pradesh for onion and garlic crop which is predominantly grown in the region during
2021-22 Rabi season. A group of farmers following AAS regularly provided through DAMU were
selected randomly from different village under different block of Fatehpur district and farmers not
following the same were also identified for the study. The economic impact and usefulness of block
level AAS has been assessed through analyzing the data collected from the selected farmers. The result
showed from the study that most of the cases forecasted data is well matched with actual data and
hence those farmers who have adopted AAS timely in their farming operation realized more net income
on an average of Rs 8,428.57/ha by saving the cost of irrigation, insecticides, proper plant protection
measures and date of harvesting etc. as compared to non AAS farmers having the same crop grown in
their village. Thus it can be concluded from the study that AAS is an effective tool for minimizing the
crop losses caused due to aberrant weather and played a significant role in enhancing the production and
farmers income.
Keyword: Economic impact, AAS, Onion, Garlic, Fatehpur

3.3.5 Doubling Farmer’s Income through Intercropping

of Garlic with Sataver (Asparagus racemosus)
Mohd. Suhail, P. K. Bisen, S. K. Vishwakarma, Sanjay Singh, Naushad Siddiqui, . Shubash Sharma
Email:drsuhail.lmp@gmail.com

Satavari (Asparagus racemosus) is an important indigenous medicinal crop. It has many medicinal properties
like breast milk, aphrodisiac, dysentery, tuberculosis, diabetes, immune diseases, energy providing etc.
It is estimated that in India more than 500 tonnes of sataveri roots require for various medicinal preparation.
Intercropping can contribute to sustainability, intensification, increasing productivity, agro-ecosystem,
reducing intercultural operational, employment generation and crop intensity etc. Sataveri has long
gestation period (14-16 months) thus intercropping of different crops is must for optimum utilization of
land.
A field observation was taken in 2017-18 from the village Madra block Bejham of district Lakhimpur-
Kheri. Satavari variety Tanakpur peeli has planted at 60x60 cm. apart in the month of September and
garlic variety G-2 was sown in month of November at 15x15 cm. apart between two rows of satavari.
It was observed that yield of satavari 37.5(q./ha.) dry and garlic 24.25 (q./ha),respectively obtained.
The gross cost, gross return and net return was Rs. 250500.00/h, 606500.00/h and 356000.00/h,
respectively, of both crops (Satavari & Garlic). It is also observed that extra income Rs. 71000.00/h
obtained through garlic as intercrop in the four month period of initial stage of Satavari field.
Keywards: Intercrop, Garlic, Satavar, Economic, medicinal
 Book of Abstracts 35

TECHNICAL SESSION-4
INNOVATIONS IN PRODUCTION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT FOR
VEGETABLES, TUBERS, SPICES AND FLOWERS AND
SUSTAINABILITY

4.1 Keynote Presentation

4.1.1 Climate Resilient and Sutainable

Development of Vegetables
Bijendra Singh
ANDUAT, Ayodhya-224229
Email: bsinghiivr@gmail.com

The agriculture play major role for livelihood of poor farming community. About 54% total India workforce
is engaged in agriculture and allied sectors. Among the agriculture, vegetable sector is most important
due to its recognitions as essential food and nutritional security. Although, India is 2nd largest producer of
vegetables in the world after China. The per day requirement of vegetables are about 350 g, whereas
availability is about 280g per day per person. According to an estimate, India will need to produce 300
million tonnes of vegetables by 2050 to meet the requirement of increasing population. Therefore the
major challenges are to increase the productivity on sustainable basis to manage the food and nutritional
security of the country in the regime of climate change. In addition to natural climate variability observed
over comparable time periods a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human
activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere is called “Climate change” (UNFCC, 1992).
Vulnerability of any system to climate change is the degree to which these systems are susceptible and
unable to survive with the adverse impacts of climate change. According to Fahad et al., 2007, due to
climate change, drought, and heat stress have become the most important limiting factors to crop
productivity and ultimately the food security. Increase in temperatures, unpredictable rainfall and declining
in some region, more frequent extreme low and high temperature, more droughts, elevated level of Co2
and emergence of new pest and disease are the changes that took place in the climate gradually over
decades. Average global combined temperature of land and ocean surface has increased by 0.850C
between 1880 and 2012 (IPCC, 2014). Among the vegetable crops, few are adopted to stress conditions
but maximum have sensitivity to climate change. Due to climate change, many new diseases and pests
are emerging and becoming the threat for the farmers. About 60 vegetable crops are being cultivated in
the country from north to south and east to west. The production of vegetable crops are constantly
threatened by environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic factors that reduce crop yield and
quality. During the growing season, vegetable crops are facing many unacceptable environmental
conditions, like drought, heat, salinity, flooding, heavy metals, and change in soil pH. These stresses
have negative impact on plants survival, biomass production and estimated up to 82% loss of final yield.
In recent years, with changes in the cropping systems and climate, and introduction of highly input
intensive high yielding varieties/hybrids, a shift in pest status has been observed. Climate-resilient agriculture
(CRA) is an approach that includes sustainably using existing natural resources through crop and livestock
production systems to achieve long-term higher productivity and farm incomes under climate variabilities.
Apart from the regular insect pests viz., whitefly (Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae
Coq.) particularly in cucurbits, serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), mites and other
sucking pest, there is a paradigm of shift of insect pests in recent years. Emergence/re-emergence of
36 Book of Abstracts

insect pests has occurred in the vegetables. Occurrence of melon weevil, (Acythopeus curvirostris
citrulli) as a serious pest was recorded from sponge and ridge gourds. About 70-80 per cent fruits and
30 per cent shoots of sponge gourd were severely damaged by this weevil. The white plume moth
(Sphenarches caffer (Zeller)) was observed as an emerging and serious threat in bottle gourd. Larvae of
plume moth, S. caffer damaged the leaves and buds of bottle gourd by scraping the chlorophyll portion
and damage was more severe when they fed on the emerging buds resulting in restricted growth of the
plants. Recently serious incidence of a mirid bug, (Nesidiocoris cruentatus (Ballard)) was observed on
tender leaves and young fruits of bottle gourd. Brown puncture spots with on the rind with sap oozing
out from the tender fruits was the characteristic symptoms of this sucking pests. The affected fruits
often failed to fetch a good market price. Cucumber moth or pumpkin caterpillar (Diaphania indica
(Saunders)) has become an emerging pest of vegetable crops especially bitter gourd, cucumber, pointed
gourd and gherkin. Light green larvae feed chlorophyll portion of the leaves by webbing them together.
They also feed the reproductive parts of the plants viz., flowers and young fruits causing serious
damage (Rai et al., 2014). As most of the cucurbits are grown during summer season, the severity of
red spider mite is also increasing day by day. The ability of a crop to withstand a particular stress is
directly related to its survival and productivity. Other example are chilli gall midge (Asphondylia capparis)
in parts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, solenopsis mealy bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) in brinjal,
tomato, okra and cucurbits; Hadda beetle (Henosepilachna vigitioctopunctata and Epilachna dodecastigma)
on cowpea and bitter gourd. In recent years, blossom blight- Choanephora infundibulifera (30%),
bacterial wilt and angular leaf spot -Erwinia spp. (10%), Cucurbit aphid borne yellows virus (46%),
downey mildew- Pseudopernospora cubensis (32%), gummy stem blight- Didymella bryoniae (50%),
leaf spot (Cercospoara and Colletotrichum), 18- 23%, powdery mildew- Erysiphe cichoracearum (28%),
root knot nematode- Meloidogyne spp. (5%), Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (22-47%), wilt (Fusarium
spp.), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (10%), became major emerging problem for the cultivation in India
under abrupt weather condition / changing climatic scenario. These diseases are more severe under
protected cultivation when the temperature rises above 30°C and humidity 80%. In general temperature
and moisture play important role for fungal and bacterial pathogen biology such as survival, germination,
infection and disease development. High moisture favours incidence of soil borne pathogens such as
Phytophthora, Pythium, R. solani, Macrophomina and Sclerotium rolfsii. Due to fluctuation in temperature
and high vector population the dynamics of virus infestation are changing very fast. In a survey of
curbitaceous crops in Uttar Pradesh; poty virus, tospo viruses, begomo viruses, tobamo virus, polerovirus
and cucumovirus were detected in the samples. The maximum percent of incidence was recorded for
begmovirus (93.33%) followed by poty virus (39.44) and tobamovirus (38.33%). The extent of damage
was found maximum in cucumber, snake gourd, watermelon and ridge gourd. These types of viruses
adapt rapidly to changing conditions. Screening of germplasms for various abiotic and biotic stress and
using those identified resistance lines in a breeding programme is one of the way to combat climate
change. Advanced biotechnological technologies will also be helpful in development of durable tolerant
cucurbits varieties/hybrids which will be suitable for fluctuating climatic condition. There are tremendous
genetic diversity among the crops, and the range of adaptation for different vegetable species includes
tropical and subtropical regions, arid deserts, and temperate regions. Screening and evaluation of diverse
collection of accessions may provide an opportunity to broaden the genetic base and a boost to current
breeding program. Resistance sources are generally present in landraces and wild relatives. For developing
multiple biotic stress resistant lines, validity of already available molecular markers with established
linkage may be tested in order to examine their feasible use in breeding programme for development of
parental lines. Conventional breeding as well as molecular approaches are used for development of new
varieties/lines. CRISPR-Cas9 and gene editing new technology are being used for development of new
lines with targeted gene. The development of hybrid/varieties with better adaptability under stress conditions
should be undertaken. For developing multiple biotic stress resistant lines, validity of already available
molecular markers with established linkage may be tested in order to examine their feasible use in
breeding programme for development of parental lines. Other strategies are development and adoption
 Book of Abstracts 37

of water-smart technologies like a furrow-irrigated raised bed, micro-irrigation, rainwater harvesting

structure, cover-crop method, greenhouse, laser land levelling, cultivating less water requiring varieties,
alteration in planting and sowing dates can support farmers and adopting zero-tillage to decrease the
effect of variations of climate.

4.1.2 Climate Smart Horticulture

Prabhat Kumar1 and Sunil D Gorantiwar2
1
Horticulture Commissioner, DA&FW, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare,GOI.
Email: prabhatflori@gmail.com
2
Head, Agril. Engineering,MPKV, Rahuri, Ahmednagar

Agriculture, horticulture and live-stock production are subjected to climate change. Hence, there is
necessity of adopting the climate smart horticulture practices in order to increase the productivity/farm
income, enhance resilience and reduce the emissions.The growth of horticulture in India started with a
share of 5% GDP of agriculture 3-4 decades ago to 30.4% now; and production from 25 MT (1950-51)
to 334.60MT(2020-21). It is national imperative now to maintain the same trend of horticultural growth
to address the nutritional, environmental and economical well being of the people.
The climate change is posing threat to sustainable development of horticulture sector. It is right time to
develop the resilient horticulture by adopting holistic approach with short and long term planning viz.
understand the impacts and relevant adaptation strategies to sustain the productivity and profitability of
horticulture crops in the climate change scenario and synthesis of current knowledge to develop strategies
for adaptation and mitigation to achieve climate-resilient horticulture.
The suggestive adaptation and mitigation strategies based on current knowledge are in case of extreme
heat use heat tolerant varieties; promote crops/plantations and/or crop varieties with a higher heat tolerance
and/or optimal heat range, short cycle varieties; reduce the effect of heat stress at key phenological
phases (germination and flowering) and improve final yields &reduce plants’ exposure to heat by
shortening the growing cycle.
Optimal crop calendars based on historical climate data and seasonal forecasts to support decision-
making avoiding heat-stress conditions at crop’s sensitive phenological phases; selecting crop practices
based on timing of sensitive stages and-critical damage temperature relative to the probability and risk of
extreme temperatures; determining the planting date for minimising the potential of extreme temperatures.
Rows of trees can protect crops/plantations by breaking strong winds, reducing soil erosion, increasing
crop yields, and protecting plantations from heat and cold conditions.
Adoption of water saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation (surface/subsurface); and/or partial-
root zone drying (PRD) that maximises water use efficiency by adding water only on half of the root
zone
Real time irrigation water management that considers the farm specific weather, crop, soil and irrigation
system in real time and enable to apply water with precision; and in turn reduces soil erosion and
macronutrient losses from leaching, promotes weed control as water is precisely applied when, where
and how-much needed and reduce the risk of diseases that occur under damp-conditions. Examples
include PhuleIrrigation Sceduler, a mobile based decision support system developed by MPKV, Rahuri
Use IoT enabled automatic irrigation systems that not only enable to apply water remotely with precision
but also use water resources more efficiently and avoids permanent-wilting point as well as saturation,
38 Book of Abstracts

reduce losses from direct evaporation by providing opportunities to apply water-when evaporation rates
are lowest (dawn and/or dusk). Example includes Auto-Phule Irrigation Scheduler (weather based) and
Phule Soil Moisture Irrigation Scheduling System (moisture based) developed by CAAST-CSAWM,
MPKV under ICAR-NAHEP Project.
Soil organic carbon: Conservation agriculture technologies (reduced tillage, crop rotations, and cover
crops), soil conservation practices (contour farming) and nutrient recharge strategies can refill soil
organic matter by giving a protective soil cover.Integrated nutrient management that deals with the
application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, in addition to farmyard manure, vermi- compost, legumes
in rotation, and crop residue for sustaining soil health for the long term is required.Developing the early
warnings and issuing tailor made alerts and advisories that are farm specific to farmers by promoting the
establishment of Smart Weather Stations at village level to begin with and then to farm level as the prices
start decreasing.Development of climate-resilient technologies for horticultural crops would be essentially
required to insulate horticultural production from weather vagaries.

4.1.3 Impact & Improvement Strategies for Climate

Resilience and Sustainability in Onion & Garlic
Major Singh, Vijay Mahajan and A. Thangasamy
ICAR-Directorate of Onion & Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune
Email: director.dogr@icar.gov.in

Climate change is global, but its impact and extent varies in different region and crops. There is an
urgent need to take up suitable possible measures to cope with the challenges due to climate change in
future. One of the strategy is to screen the onion germ-plasm under hot spot areas or simulate within
climate change condition and to identify photo and thermo neutral genotypes which can sustain climate
change for year round supply. Production technology also plays major role in sustaining onion production,
but now focus on research shall be to standardise the technology to face the climate change by manipulating
irrigation, fertigation, crop geometry, identification of suitable anti-transparent during drought or high
temperature. Critical stages affected by changing climate and various factors are required to be studied
systematically. Focus shall be towards development of technology for precision farming in onion bulb
as well as seed crop. Systematic studies are required on impact of climate change on insurgence for
development of new pest and disease including the effect on existing one along with development of
management practices. There is a need to develop area specific intelligent forecasting modular with
farmer friendly management strategies. In view of the potential impact of climate change on onion
production, a critical analysis, planning, management and precise knowledge of most erratic abiotic
climatic factor in a given ecosystem is highly essential. There should be area specific intelligent forecasting
modular in advance with farmer friendly management strategies. Innovative methods are needed to be
developed for making simulation models for onion crop and must be validated in different agro-climatic
zones. Thus, various improved adaptation strategies and mitigation technologies could be worked out
and farmers awareness will successfully helps in overcoming this environmental disasters and thereby
saving crop.
 Book of Abstracts 39

4.1.4 Strategies Approaches for Climate Resilient and

Sustainable Production of Seed Spices
Gopal Lal
Member (Agriculture)
Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA)
and Formerly Director, NRC on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan
Email: glal67@yahoo.co.in

The impact of global warming shows its presence in many parts of the planet including Indian subcontinent
during last few years. Similar to other agricultural and horticultural crops seed spices also facing the
pressure of climate change. Different biotic factors (insect pest and diseases) and abiotic factors
(temperature, photoperiod, rainfall, sunshine hours, cold & hot winds, hail storms, thunder storms etc.)
influence different physiological growth stages like flowering, fruit setting, fruit development, seed
setting and final reproductive or vegetative yield of seed spices directly or indirectly. High and/or untimely
rainfall and humidity invite sucking pests and diseases like blight, stem gall, root rot, powdery mildew,
gummosis in almost all the seed spices (cumin, coriander, fennel, fenugreek, nigella, ajwain, etc.). High
temperature with low rainfall resulting into drought conditions influenced reduced plant growth, pollination
and flower & seed development. Besides plant growth and seed yield, the quality of the produce also
influenced negatively by the stress environmental conditions. Development of climate resilient varieties
and technologies is the need of the hour in seed spices sector. Research works on drought tolerance
studies has been initiated through conventional as well as modern breeding tools to find better ideotypes.
Thrust is also being given on the development of area specific crop management technologies such as
alteration in sowing dates and crop geometry, line sowing, use of micro irrigation system and water
conservation, IPM, IDM & IWM, organic management, mulching, site specific cropping and farming
system etc. to mitigate the influence of climate change in seed spices. Cultivation of seed spices under
protected structures, walls (plastic/cloth/gunny bags) against cold winds in winters and under shade
nets in summers also proved to minimise the impact of hail, frost, snow, hot winds and drought.
Keywords: Climate change, Strategies and approached, Climate resilient varieties and technologies,
Sustainable production, Seed spices

4.1.5 Strategic Approaches for Climate-resilient and

Sustainable Production of Potato
Manoj Kumar, V. K. Dua, S. K. Luthra, Sanjay Rawal and Pooja Mankar
ICAR- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla – 250110 (HP), India

Potato is a crucial crop for global as well as national food and nutritional security. The consequences of
changing climate on potato production are multifaceted and coupled with warmer winters, shortening
potato growing window, extreme weather events, and changing diseases and pest scenarios. Breeding
varieties with high yield and early maturity, tolerant to abiotic stresses (heat, drought, and salinity),
resistant to biotic stresses (Late blight, emerging insect pests, viruses, nematodes, bacterial wilt, etc)
can ensure wholesome potato production in traditional areas and potential new areas (tropicalisation) in
the future. Enhancement of nutrient and water use efficiency is a significant challenge and seeks the
40 Book of Abstracts

focused attention of researchers. For sustainable potato production, adopting suitable measures at farm
levels is the key. Improving precision in nutrient and water as well as in pest management with the use
of DSS, sensors and drone will add to climate resilience and economic sustainability in potato production
system. GAP promotion is vital for ecological equilibrium and quality potato production. Drones has
been demonstrated for rational use of agrochemicals on potato crop, technology needs to be expanded
to larger area. With the broader use and application of information technology tools like smartphones
and the internet, a straightforward adaption of mobile-based apps, DSS etc., can be targeted and attained
for precision farming. Region-specific improvement in the local technologies in line with the farmer’s
needs and establishing a reliable and steady supply chain between producer, processor, and policymakers
driven by the market is crucial for sustainability. Produce more with minimal and judicious use of
resources is the key strategy for climate-resilient and sustainable potato production.

4.1.6 Strategies Approaches for Climate Resilient and

Sustainable Production of Onion and Garlic
P.K. Gupta*1, P. Bhasker2 and S. Singh2

1
National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation (NHRDF), New Delhi
2
Regional Research Station, NHRDF, Nashik, Maharashtra
Email: *drpkgupta11@gmail.com

Climate change presents one of the greatest challenges to the productivity and sustainable growth of
onion and garlic. The climate change may negatively affecting the production and productivity particularly
vulnerable to smallholder farmers in near feature is due to extreme events such as droughts and floods
as well as abrupt changes in temperature and increased frequency of pest and diseases have resulted
negatively affecting the onion and garlic crops are grown mostly as irrigated crops in semi-arid regions
of the country and are very sensitive to moisture stress. The adaptation approaches are having to be
recognized as an essential intervention to reduce vulnerability and negative impacts from changing
climate. The onion and garlic farming community requires local specific climate adaptation strategies
for reducing the negative impacts of changing climate and sustainable production. To reduce vulnerability
and improve resilience of production activities, the practices methods should be look at adaptive and can
be withstand the sudden shocks of climate change. These practices must be flexible enough to prepare
and only the climateresilient agriculture can be achieving by the enhanced productivity by the introducing
and adaptation of abiotic and biotic stress resistance new onion and garlic varieties, improve soil health
is a key property in building crop resilience, water management by sensor based micro irrigation, crop
rotation, intercropping, farm mechanization, management of pests and diseases and post – harvest
management by construction of large scale low cost storage structures, on farm storage facilities, cold
storages with subsidy rates and marketing intelligence.To facilitate these effective and successful
approachesimplementation consists of farmer-to-farmer learning approaches, extension networks,
maintaining a community exchange system and access to market information by use of smart phones
and gender smartness.
Keywords: climate change, garlic, onion, resilient-agriculture, smart farming, vulnerable
 Book of Abstracts 41

4.1.7 Approaches for Climate Resilient and Sustainable

Production of Cut Flowers
Ranjan K. Srivastava, Parul Punetha and Manpreet Singh Preet
Department of Horticulture
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology
Pantnagar-263145 Uttarakhand
Email: ranjansrivastava25@gmail.com
Among the horticultural crops, ornamental crops are emerging as high value crops that can spur more
business opportunities and generate more household income than conventional crops, such as rice,
wheat and maize. Farmers associated with horticulture crops, having shorter maturity time spans compared
to conventional crops such as cereals, hence flower crops are more attractive in the unreliable climatic
conditions. Further, with demographic pressure and shrinking land sizes, significant areas are being
converted to residential estates. Due to urbanisation the use of flowers, especially cut flowers has
increased to a greater extent. Farmers has opted horticultural farming adopting new technologies such
as greenhouses, which produces more with less land. Commercial production of cut flowers particularly
grown under open field conditions like gladiolus, tuberose, rose, chrysanthemum will be severely affected
by climate change leading to poor flowering, improper floral development and colour. For instance,
chrysanthemum which is a short-day plant, the flowering round the year in open field condition is not
possible. The higher ambient temperature can have direct impact on volatile fragrances that the flowers
emit, deterioration of pigments leading to dull shades, shift in insect pest and disease outbreaks, absence
of winter chilling will reduce flowering, reduced post-harvest life, poor pollination and seed set. The
spikes of the cut flowers like gladiolus and tuberose remain short, thin and having fewer florets of
inferior quality. The spikes of gladiolus become zig-zag in shape. The paper discusses the impact of
climate change and suggest strangles to reduce the negative impact

4.1.8 Strategies and Approaches for Climate Resilient

and Sustainable Development of Ornamental
Horticulture
K. V. Prasad
Director, ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune
Email. kvprasad66@gmail.com

Floriculture is a multifaceted enterprise in India. It is characterized by growing traditional flowers (loose

flowers) and cut flowers under open field conditions and protected environment conditions respectively.
India also has a strong dry flower industry, with substantial contribution (>70%) to floricultural exports.
Other floricultural segments like fillers, indoor plants, landscaping plants, seeds and planting material,
turf grass and value added products also contribute their share in the overall growth of the sector.
The traditional flower cultivation, comprising of growing loose flowers mostly for worship, garland
making and decorations, forms the backbone of India floriculture, which is mostly in the hands of small
and marginal farmers. About 305000 ha of area is under floriculture producing 2301000 MT of loose
flowers and 762000 MT of cut flowers annually (2019-20 second advanced estimates-NHB).The major
production comes from Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, West Bengal,
42 Book of Abstracts

Bihar, Jharkhand, Kerala and Telangana while the major markets are in Chennai, Bengaluru, Kolkata,
Hyderabad, Kadiyam, Pune, Mumbai and Delhi. A small portion of loose flowers is being exported to
Middle East, UK and USA for the expatriate Indians.
Floricultural exports from India comprise of fresh cut flowers (to Europe, Japan, Australia, Middle East
and USA) loose flowers (for expatriate Indians in the Gulf) cut foliage (to Europe) Dry flowers (To
USA, Europe, Japan, Australia, Far East and Russia) Potted Plants (Limited to Middle East) besides
seeds and planting material. Dry flowers alone contribute nearly Rs.320 crores (70%) of total exports
valued at Rs.575 crores (2020-21).
The main global challenge facing the floriculture industry today is the impact of climate change and the
issue of carbon footprint. IPCC-GCM projections for India indicate that the annual temperature will
increase by 2 to 3.50C. Similarly annual precipitation is expected to increase by 10-20% but, the seasonal
variations would range from deficits to excesses of the annual precipitation.
The higher ambient temperature has a direct impact on i. volatile fragrances that the flowers emit; ii.
deterioration of pigments leading to dull shades; iii. reduced production and productivity under open and
protected environment; iv. shift in insect pest and disease outbreaks; v. absence of winter chilling will
reduce flowering v. reduced post harvest life; vi. poor pollination and seed set due to changes in insect
behavior. Similarly higher rainfall would increase anaerobic stress at the root zone leading to yellowing,
poor growth and even mortality.
It is expected that the hitech floriculture units are likely to be buffered to an extent from direct effects of
climate change as most of the flower production is carried out in greenhouses. Small-scale players who
depend on rain-fed floriculture will be extremely vulnerable to climate change because of their direct
impact. Hitech growers are also not entirely immune as the industry depends heavily on natural resources
like water availability and its quality besides the vagaries like drought and floods that are likely to cause
havoc in flower production.
A number of flowers like chrysanthemum, poinsettia and carnation are either photo sensitive or thermo
sensitive or both. Changing pattern in photoperiodism and thermoperiodism would greatly alter the
blooming pattern in such flower crops. Climate change is expected to enhance the global temperatures
by 2-30C by 2050. This would alter the chilling requirement of some of the temperate flower crops. The
insect pest and disease dynamics would bring about a change in use of pesticides in open and protected
environments. Increase in temperature would alter the relative humidity levels that would have profound
impact on disease incidence and its spread.
The paper outlines the impact of climate change on Indian floriculture and summarizes important strategies
to be adopted to mitigate the challenges.

4.1.9 Economically Important Endangered, Rare and

Threatened Medicinal Plants and their Conservation
A. K. Johri
Email:ak_johri@yahoo.co.uk

About 85% of the people in the world’s developing countries rely on traditional medicine for their
primary health care, and about 85% of traditional medicine involves the use of plant extracts. India has
2.4% of world’s area with 8% of global biodiversity and it is one of the 12th mega diversity hotspot
countries of the world with a rich diversity of biotic resources. The rich resource is disappearing at an
 Book of Abstracts 43

alarming rate as a result of over-exploitation. Therefore, the management of traditional medicinal plant
resources has become a matter of urgency. An ever increasing demand of uniform medicinal plants
based medicines warrants their mass propagation through plant tissue culture strategy. Tissue culture
technology is potent and has opened extensive areas of research for biodiversity conservation. Plant in
vitro regeneration is a biotechnological tool that offers a tremendous potential solution for the propagation
of endangered and superior genotypes of medicinal plants which could be released to their natural
habitat or cultivated on a large scale for the pharmaceutical product of interest. Tissue culture protocols
have been developed for a wide range of medicinal plants, which includes endangered, rare and threatened
plant species. Some of these endangered medicinal plants are Bacopa monnieri, Berberis aristrata, Celastrus
paniculata Ginkgo biloba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Gymnema sylvestre, Holostemma, Nardastchy jatamansi,
Oroxylum indicum, Picorrhiza kurroa, Rauwolfia serpentine, Rheum emodi, Salaca oblonga, Saussaurea
lappa; Swertia chirata Taxus baccta, Tinospora cordifolia, Tylophora indica,. Conventionally, there are
two methods of conservation: in situ and ex situ conservation, both are complementary to each other. In
situ methods allow conservation to occur with ongoing natural evolutionary processes ex situ conservation
via in vitro propagation also acts as a viable alternative for increase and conservation of populations of
existing bioresources in the wild and to meet the commercial requirements. A review highlighting various
in vitro protocols developed for selected medicinal plant species of India has been done to highlight the
significance of ex situ conservation in cases where regeneration through conventional methods is difficult
to undertake and species are left with low population in the wild. Thus in vitro cell and tissue culture
methodology is envisaged as a mean for germplasm conservation to ensure the survival of endangered
plant species, rapid mass propagation for large scale re-vegetation and for genetic manipulation studies.
Almost all civilisation has a history of medicinal plant use. Approximately 85% of the people in the
world’s developing countries rely on traditional medicine for their primary health care, and about 85% of
traditional medicine involves the use of plant extracts (Vieira and Skorupa, 1993). India has 2.4% of
world’s area with 8% of global biodiversity and it is one of the 12th mega diversity hotspot countries of
the world with a rich diversity of biotic resources. Out of 34 hotspots recognised, India has two major
hotspots - the Eastern Himalayas and the Western Ghats. The bio-geographic position of India is so
unique that all known types of ecosystems range from coldest place like the Nubra Valley with 57°C, dry
cold deserts of Ladakh, temperate and Alpine and subtropical regions of the North-West and trans-
Himalayas, rain forests with the world’s highest rainfall in Cherrapunji in Meghalaya, wet evergreen
humid tropics of Western Ghats, arid and semiarid conditions of Peninsular India, dry desert conditions
of Rajasthan and Gujarat to the tidal mangroves of the Sunderban which harbours about 47000 species
of plants of which 17 000 are angiosperms (Bapat et al., 2008). India is also rich in medicinal plant
diversity with all the three levels of biodiversity such as species diversity, genetic diversity, and habitat
diversity (Mukherjee and Wahile, 2006). Across the country, the forests are estimated to harbour 90%
of India’s total medicinal plants diversity. Only about 10% of the known medicinal plants of India are
restricted to non- forest habitats (Wakdikar, 2004). Concerning the total number of flowering plant
species, although only 18,665, the intraspecific variability found in them makes it one of the highest in
the world. Out of 18,665 plants, the classic systems of medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani
make use of only about 3000 plants in various formulations (Schippmann et al., 2006). Although, there
is no reliable figure for the total number of medicinal plants on Earth, and numbers and percentages for
countries and regions vary greatly but estimates for the numbers of species used medicinally include:
35,000-70,000 or 53,000 worldwide (Schippmann et al., 2002); 10,000- 11,250 in China (Pei, 2002 );
7500 in India (Shiva, 1996); 2237 in Mexico (Toledo, 1995); and 2572 traditionally by North American
Indians (Moerman, 1998). The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the present demand
for medicinal plants is approximately US $14 billion per year. The demand for medicinal plant based raw
materials is growing at the rate of 15 to 25% annually, and according to an estimate of WHO, the
demand for medicinal plants is likely to increase more than US $5 trillion in 2050. In India, the medicinal
plant-related trade is estimated to be approximately US $1 billion per year (Kala et al., 2006). According
44 Book of Abstracts

to Schippmann et al. (1990), one fifth of all the plants found in India are used for medicinal purpose.
The world average stands at 12.5% while India has 20% plant species of medicinal value and which are
in use. But according to Hamilton (2003), India has about 44% of flora, which is used medicinally.
Although it is difficult to estimate the total number of medicinal plants present worldwide, the fact
remains true that India with rich biodiversity ranks first in per cent flora, which contain active medicinal
ingredient (Mandal, 1999).
A total of 560 plant species of India have been included in the International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of Threatened species, out of which 247 species are in
the threatened category. On a global basis, the IUCN has estimated that about 12.5% of the world’s
vascular plants, totalling about 34 000 species are under varying degrees of threat (Phartyal et al.,
2002). IUCN recognises the following categories: extinct, extinct in the wild, critically endangered,
endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern, data deficient and not evaluated. Species with
small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable but are at risk are called rare. (Singh
et al., 2006). Many of them are facing extinction. In the past few decades, there has been an ever-
increasing global inclination towards herbal medicine, followed by a belated growth in international
awareness about the dwindling supply of the world’s medicinal plants (Bodeker, 2002). The plants used
in the phyto- pharmaceutical preparations are obtained mainly from the naturally growing areas. The
genetic diversity of medicinal plants in the world is getting endangered at alarming rate because of
ruinous harvesting practices and over-harvesting for production of medicines, with little or no regard to
the future. Also, extensive destruction of the plant-rich habitat as a result of forest degradation, agricultural
encroachment, urbanisation etc. is other factors, thus challenging their existence (Gupta et al., 1998).
In view of the tremendously growing world population, increasing anthropogenic activities, rapidly
eroding natural ecosystem, etc the natural habitat for a great number of herbs and trees are dwindling
and of per capita consumption has resulted in unsustainable exploitation of Earth’s biological diversity,
exacerbated by climate change, ocean acidification, and other anthropogenic environmental impacts
(Rands et al., 2010). A large sum of money is pumped every year to replenish the lost biodiversity and
large numbers of protocols are available at present. Unfortunately, we are not witnessing any improvement
in the status of these plant species in nature and the number of threatened plant species is increasing
gradually (Tripathi, 2008). In order to safeguard this knowledge, it should be documented, preserved
and patented (Mukherjee, 2009). Even the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED), held recently at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil helped to place the loss of biodiversity and its conservation
on the global agenda. Therefore, the management of traditional medicinal plant resources has become
the matter of urgency. Hence, conservation of such a buffer is considered fundamental and provided
priority in all sectors of global development (Tandon et al., 2009). Although species conservation is
achieved most effectively through the management of wild populations and natural habitats (in situ
conservation) but most of the medicinal plants either do not produce seeds or seeds are too small and do
not germinate in soils. Even plants raised through seeds are highly heterozygous and show great variations
in growth, habit and yield and may have to be discarded because of poor quality of products for their
commercial release. Likewise, majority of the plants are not amenable to vegetative propagation through
cutting and grafting, thus limiting multiplication of desired cultivars. Moreover many plants propagated
by vegetative means contain systemic bacteria, fungi and viruses which may affect the quality and
appearance of selected items (Murch et al., 2000). Thus mass multiplication of disease free planting
material becomes a general problem. In order to overcome these barriers, ex situ techniques can be used
to complement in situ methods and, in some instances, may be the only option for some species
(Sarasan et al., 2006; Negash et al., 2001). Therefore, conservation of medicinal plants can be
accomplished by the ex situ, that is, outside natural habitat by cultivating and maintaining plants through
long-term preservation of plant propagules in plant tissue culture repositories (Rands et al., 2010).
In vitro techniques have been increasingly applied for mass propagation and conservation of germplasm
as it has superiority over conventional method of propagation and offer some distinct advantage over
 Book of Abstracts 45

alternative strategies. Some of these are as follows: (1) collection may occur at anytime independent of
flowering period for each species (this assumes that seed material is not required), (2) there is the
potential of virus elimination from contaminated tissue through meristem culture, (3) clonal material can
be produced where this is useful for the maintenance of elite genotypes, (4) rapid multiplication may
occur at any time where stocks are required using micropropagation procedures, (5) germination of
difficult or immature seed or embryo may be facilitated for breeding programmes, and (6) distribution
across the border may be safer, in terms of germplasm health status using in vitro cultures. Some more
general positive advantages of in vitro techniques include the fact that storage space requirements are
vastly reduced compared with field storage. Storage facilities may be established at any geographical
location and cultures are not subject to environmental disturbances such as temperature fluctuation,
cyclones, insect, pests, and pathogen (Shibli et al., 2006). In this regard the micro-propagation holds
significant promise for true to type, rapid and mass multiplication under disease free conditions. Besides,
the callus derived plants exhibit huge genetic variation that could be exploited for developing superior
clones/varieties particularly in vegetatively propagated plant species. Tissue culture has emerged as a
promising technique for multiplying and conserving the medicinally important species within short
period and limited space, which are difficult to regenerate by conventional methods and save them from
extinction. In recent years, in-vitro cell and tissue culture methodology is envisaged as a mean for germ-
plasm conservation to ensure the survival of endangered plant species, rapid mass propagation for large-
scale re-vegetation and for genetic manipulation studies under precisely controlled physical and chemical
conditions. Combinations of in vitro propagation techniques (Fay, 1992) and cryopreservation may help
in conservation of biodiversity of locally used medicinal plants (Singh et al., 2006).

4.1.10 Strategic Approaches for Climate Resilient

Production of Mushrooms
V. P. Sharma and Sudheer Kumar*
ICAR –Directorate of Mushroom Research Solan
*ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation
Governers Shola Rd, West Mere, Ooty, Tamil Nadu 643006
Email: vpsharma93@gmail.com; sudheerannepu@gmail.com

It takes approximately 13 weeks (90 days) for button mushroom to complete an entire production
cycle, from the start of composting to the final cook out after cropping has ended. For this work, a
mushroom grower can expect anywhere from 25 kg to 35 kg per 100 kg compost in a period of 4-6
weeks of cropping. Final yield depends on how well a grower has monitored and controlled the temperature,
humidity, pests, and so on. All things considered, the most important factors for good production are
experience plus an intuitive feel for the biological rhythms of the commercial mushroom. The production
system used to grow a crop can be chosen after the basics of mushroom growing are understood. The
international competition has forced mushroom producers to minimize costs and at the same time
increase yields per unit weight of compost and improve quality levels. As the upsizing of mushroom
farms continues with the change from family scale to industrial scale, logistic and labour/energy saving
alternatives will play a more important role in automation. Automatic climatic control will be an obligatory
investment for survival in the competitive mushroom industry in days to come. Indian Mushroom
industry has witnessed exponential growth during the last couple of years; however, considering the
agro-climatic conditions, availability of raw materials and man power, there is tremendous scope for
expansion of mushroom industry in the country.
46 Book of Abstracts

4.1.11 Strategies for Climate Resilient and Sustainable

Poduction of Spices
K. Kandiannan*, K. S. Krishnamurthy, V. Srinivasan, S. J. Ankegowda,
C. K. Thankamani, J. Rema and K. Nirmal Babu**
ICAR – Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode
*Kandiannan.K@icar.gov.in; kandiannan@gmail.com
**Former Director & PC (Spices), ICAR-IISR, Kozhikode

Spices are high value and low volume crops, grown in an area of 4.2 million ha with a production of
39.6 million tonnes. Cumin, chillies, coriander, garlic, mint, turmeric, black pepper, ginger and fenugreek
occupies major area. In terms of production garlic, ginger, chillies, turmeric, cumin, coriander, fenugreek,
tamarind, fennel, black pepper and mint are contributing maximum for total spices production. India
exported around 1.76 million tonnes of spices and value added products to the value of around Rs.31,000
crores during 2020-21. The demand for spices and its products are increasing and sustaining their
production in the era of climate change is a great challenge. The temperature is raising temperature,
rainfall is erratic and frequency of extreme weather is increasing. Creating soil resilience, practice of
organic farming, growing climate resilient varieties, water harvesting and recycling, efficient irrigation
systems and fertiliser use techniques, use of bio-controls, growing multiple cropping with integrated
farming system, following crop advisories for timely operations, protected cultivation, mechanisation
for planting, intercultural operations and harvesting and institutional support would help sustainable
spice production in the changing climate in India.

4.1.12 Recent Progress in Vegetable

Grafting - a Tool to Combat Biotic Stress
L. Pugalendhi and H. Usha Nandhini Devi
Horticultural College and Research Institute
TamilNadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Email:pugalabi@yahoo.co.in

Biotic stress causes considerable losses in crop productivity thereby inflicting economic as well as
nutritional insecurity. One of the greatest challenges faced by the scientific community in the next few
years is to minimize the yield losses caused by pests and diseases. Introgression of pest and disease
resistance traits into high yielding genotypes has been a challenge to plant breeders. Vegetable grafting
using rootstocks has emerged as a rapid tool in tailoring plants to tolerate biotic stress. Grafting applications
have expanded mainly in Solanaceous and cucurbitaceous crops, which are facing serious threat by
pests and diseases. Experiments were carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural
College and Research Institute, Coimbatore to study the root-shoot interaction and rootstock-driven
resistance to pests and diseases in brinjal, tomato, and bittergourd. Grafting brinjal genotypes with wild
Solanum species was done to mitigate root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and dry root rot
(Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Presently the Department is producing grafted brinjal plants and
supplying to the farmers. In tomato a grafting study was conducted with three rootstocks viz., Solanum
torvum, Solanum sisymbrifolium and Solanum capsicoides and two scion viz., TNAU tomato hybrid CO
 Book of Abstracts 47

3 and Shivam. Success percentage was more in graft combination of Shivam with Solanum sisymbrifolium
on 30th and 45th day. The highest plant height was observed in Shivam grafted with Solanum torvum
rootstock, whereas total number of branches per plant, days to first flowering, per cent fruit set and
yield per plant was high in TNAU tomato hybrid CO 3 grafted with Solanum sisymbrifolium rootstock.
The combination of TNAU tomato hybrid CO 3 grafted with Solanum sisymbrifolium rootstock performed
well under field condition for yield and yield contributing characters. Similarly in another experiment, a
total of ten cucurbitaceous rootstocks and two bitter gourd scions were screened against Fusarium wilt
pathogen under in vitro. Results on screening against Fusarium wilt revealed that Citrullus colocynthis,
Cucumis metuliferus and Cucurbita moschata exhibited no symptom and manifested as resistant to
Fusarium wilt and the least percent incidence of 21.62, 37.44 and 48.90 was observed in Luffa cylindrica
followed by Momordica charantia var. muricata rootstock (23.58, 42.18 and 50.34) at 30, 45 and 60
days after inoculation. From this study it was found that the cucurbitaceous species viz., kumatikai (C.
colocynthis), African horned cucumber (C. metuliferus) and pumpkin (C. moschata) with high or moderate
levels of biochemical constituents suffered less for Fusarium wilt pathogen and these rootstocks served
as the best rootstocks for grafting with bitter gourd scions followed by mithipakal (M. charantia var.
muricata) and sponge gourd (L. cylindrica). Hence, in the present day situation of unprecedented
climate change leading to biotic stress, research impetus on grafting of vegetable crops can offer
potential solution.
Keywords : Brinjal- tomato-bittergourd - perennial rootstocks – disease resistance

4.2 Oral Presentation

4.2.1 Identification of CMS-S Male-sterile Cytoplasm

among the Bunching Onion (Allium fistulosum L.)
Collections
Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda*, Vijay Mahajan, Ram Dutta, Major Singh
ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar – 410505, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Correspondence: dcmgowda@gmail.com

The Bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) species collections were assessed for identification of male-
sterile trait among the germ-plasm, as a resultant identified a male sterile line, phenotypically and which
was confirmed by the orf725 gene and orf501 gene-specific markers conferred linkage for male sterility
cytoplasm of S and normal (N) cytoplasm. The manifestation of the male-sterile trait in Bunching onion
genotypes could be attributed to the ms genes expression. Phenotypically male-sterile plants produce
flowers, does produce pollen grains they were lacking in the anthers. The anthers are slightly green at an
immature stage, and yellowish trans-lucent at the mature stage, without pollen grains spores inside the
anther sac, matured anthers were shrivelled, empty and fused anther sacs. Soon, the male-sterile line
will be used as parental material in hybridisation for heterosis breeding to boost Bunching onion.
Keywords: Bunching onion; Male sterility; orf725; orf501; S/N cytoplasm; Heterosis
48 Book of Abstracts

4.2.2 Underutilized Vegetables for Nutritional Security

Nimisha Awasthi, Arvind Kumar Singh, Chandrakala Yadav and Alka Katiyar
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agric.& Tech, Kanpur
Email: nimishaawasthi21jan@gmail.com

Under-utilised Vegetables: are those vegetables which are not grown commercially on large scale, cultivated,
traded and consumed locally are termed as under-utilised fruits. Because of in-efficient use of locally
available under-utilised fruits and vegetables, a gap is formed between nutritional status and optimal use
of natural source of nutrients i.e. under-utilised fruits and vegetables. Increased production of indigenous
and under-utilised fruits and vegetables can be a better way towards eradicating global malnutrition.
These are rich source of many of vitamins and minerals which helps in proper functioning of human
body, lack of proper supply of these components in human body results in specific nutritional deficiencies
i.e. zinc deficiency, iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin-A deficiency, calcium deficiency etc. A dietary
approach, rather than the medicinal (supplementing pills) approach, is the most economical and sustainable
way to correct micronutrient deficiencies (Ali and Tsou, 2000). India, being blessed with diverse climatic
conditions, has a wide array of edible green leafy vegetables (GLV) some of which are locally grown
and utilised from ancient periods as source of food as they contain many nutrients and minerals which
can nourish the ever growing human population and help to attain nutrition security. Many of these GLV
are found as weeds in the crop fields which are resilient, adaptive and tolerant to adverse climatic
conditions. Out of these weeds one very popular weed is Bathua (Chenopodium album) that grows in
waste places and with other cultivated crops. It occurs throughout the tropical regions of world. Human
are consuming its leaves and seeds for time immemorial. In per hundred grams of edible Bathua leaves
there is about: Water 84 grams, energy 44 kcal, carbohydrate 7g, fat 0.8 g, protein 4.3 g, fibre 2.1 g,
iron 4g, Calcium 280 mg, Phosphorous 81 mg, Vitamin A 11,300IU, thiamine 0.15 mg, Riboflavin 0.4
mg, niacin 1.3 mg and Vitamin C 90 mg. Surprisingly in spite of having. Keeping nutritional properties of
Bathua in mind and to enhance the use Bathua powder was prepared and used by admixing in different
recipes like puri, raita, pua (meethi puri), paratha, thickening agent in curry, flavouring agent in dhokla
and mathari etc. Acceptability in three point quantum and sensory evaluation was assessed. Results of
the study revealed that mathri was liked very much by 67.00 percent whereas, pua is liked by 45.00
percent respondents. Texture of curry was smooth, while colour is pleasant yellowish green. As far as
over all acceptability is concerned all the products were accepted by more than 55.00 percent respondents.
It is suggested scientific bathua cultivation should be started and preserved in some manner so that it
will be available to each and everyone all along the year.
Keywords: Nutritional security, under-utilised, fruits and vegetables, Chenopodium album, bathua.

4.2.3 Effect of Weather Parameters on Yield

and YVMV Incidence in Okra
C. Sarada, A. Rajani, T. Vijaya Lakshmi
Horticultural Research Station, Lam Farm, Guntur-522 034 DrYSR HU
Email:saradarao.chavali@gmail.com

India is the leading producer of Okra with 73% share in world production with a productivity of 11.6
tons per hectare. It is grown extensively throughout the country, both in tropical and sub tropical
 Book of Abstracts 49

regions and also in warmer parts of temperate region. Andhra Pradesh ranks first in production and
productivity and second in area in Okra cultivation .With regard to nutritional value, Okra has rich
source of vitamin A and folic acid, besides carbohydrates, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium.
Andhra Pradesh is the leading okra producing state which has a production of around 1184.2 thousand
tons followed by West Bengal. The major threat in okra is YVMV disease. The present study was
conducted to assess the influence of weather parameters, viz., temperature (minimum and maximum),
sun shine hours, rainfall, number of rainy days, humidity and sun shine hours on yield and incidence of
YVMV disease in okra variety Arka Anamika. The study revealed that, relative humidity (morning), sun
shine hours, wind speed and evaporation had positive correlation on yield of Arka Anamika variety,
where as minimum temperature, relative humidity in the evening, rainfall and number of rainy days had
negative correlation with yield. The correlation of weather parameters on YVMV incidence in okra
revealed that, relative humidity in the evening, rain fall, number of rainy days and wind speed had
positive correlation, where as temperature, (both maximum and minimum) and yield had negative
correlation with YVMV incidence. The negative correlation of yield to YVMV incidence indicates the
impact of disease on yield potential of the crop. The study indicated the impact of weather conditions on
yield and YVMV incidence of okra crop in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh and may help in developing
forecasting models based on climatic conditions.
Keywords: Okra, YVMV incidence, weather parameters

4.2.4 Characterization of Wild Relatives of Tomato

Sourav Roy*, Pamoti Pradip Kumar and Chandan Karak
Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Horticulture
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, West Bengal
Email: sourav1995roy@gmail.com

The present investigation was outlined to characterize five wild Solanum species viz., Solanum
pimpinellifolium, Solanum chilence, Solanum cheesmaniae, Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformae
and Solanum peruvianum employing 17 morphological qualitative characters and 28 different quantitative
characters including different plant and fruit characters, fruit quality and physiological characters.
Indeterminate growth habit was the characteristic feature of all the wild Solanum species. Less leaf let
segments was the characteristic feature of the wild Solanum species. Leaf and inflorescence characters
of Solanum peruvianum were distinctly different than the other Solanum species. Lobed leaf let and
bipartite inflorescence was the characteristic feature of Solanum peruvianum. Style position was inserted
inside the anther cone in Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformae. Exserted
stigma was the characteristic feature of Solanum chilence, Solanum cheesmaniae and Solanum
peruvianum. Fruits were small and round to slightly flattened in shape with flattish-round blossom end
in all the Solanum species. Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformae were
the only ture red-fruited wild species. Ripe fruits of Solanum cheesmaniae was orange-red and that of
Solanum chilence was yellow. Ripe fruits of Solanum peruvianum remained light green. The wild species
was characterised by their very high fruited ness and this character can be utilised to develop high
fruited tomato genotype. Yellow fruit colour of Solanum chilence was not the indicator of high â carotene
content in the ripe fruits. Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformae can
well be utilised in breeding tomato for improving ascorbic acid, total sugar and lycopene content in the
fruits.
Keywords: Characterisation, wild relatives, tomato
50 Book of Abstracts

4.2.5 Manifestation of Heterosis for Different in

Fruit Characters Tomato
Chandan Karak, Sourav Roy, Manjunath, K.V.
Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture,
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252
Corresponding Email: todrck@gmail.com

The study was conducted employing 14 parental lines showing divergences in different characters were
crossed to produce 23 F1 hybrids. Manifestation of heterosis was studied for fruit characters namely,
fruit weight, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, pericarp thickness, and locule no. /fruit. Of the 23
hybrids, only 9 hybrids manifested significantly positive heterosis for fruit weight ranging between 8.82
– 48.30 % over the mid parent (H1) and of them; only 6 hybrids surpassed their respective better parent
for fruit weight. Out of 23 hybrids studied 13 manifested significant heterosis for equatorial diameter of
fruit over the mid parent ranging between 3.08-24.46% and out of them 9 hybrids had fruits with higher
equatorial diameter than the respective better parent. Only 4 hybrids registered significantly higher polar
diameter ranging between 0.63 to 4.66% over the mid parental value. From the study of fruit shape in
the hybrids high propensity of round or flattish-round fruit in hybrid was also recorded. Pericarp thickness
in 15 hybrids manifested significant positive heterosis over mid parental value and 12 of them even
surpassed their respective better parent for pericarp thickness. This result suggested that high fruit
weight in the hybrid was basically realised through high pericarp thickness in the hybrids. Locule no.
fruit-1 as expected, 13 out of 23 F1 hybrids registered significant heterosis over the mid parental values
which ranged between 4.68-35.45%. Extent of manifestation of heterosis in the 4 top ranking hybrids in
this investigation viz., BCT-109 x BCT-115, BCT-82 x BCT-110, BCT-90 x BCT-110, BCT-90 x BCT-
109 was analysed with reference to of genetic divergence and per se performances of the parents.
Medium x Low or Medium x High cross combination with respect to per se performance of the parents
emerged as the best parental combinations for developing high performing hybrids.
Keywords: Heterosis, Hybrids, Fruit characters, Tomato

4.2.6 Brunt of Climate Change and Spice Crops:

Community Participation and Resilience
A B Sharangi1* and S K Acharya2
Department of Plantation Spices Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, 1Department of Agricultural Extension
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
Email: profabsbckv@gmail.com; Tel: +91-7003747506

The brunt of climate change on living organisms are going to be exponential and millions of hectares of
land ecosystem are to offset the consequent vagaries. In spite of direct negative impacts, a well-designed
expansion, socialization and institutionalization of spice cultivation and consumption can come up as a
great saviour in this huge crisis. The spices in India are mostly grown in natural ecosystem alongwith in
cultivated lands. Exploring the possible niches of spices cultivation, acculturation and accommodation
into the existing cropping sequence are the need of hour by addressing the issue in a realistic manner.
This would definitely help in making our ecosystem refresing, resilient and reinforced. The community
 Book of Abstracts 51

gene bank inventorization of traditional knowledge, socialization of adaptive technologies and reengineering
of cultivation tools and techniques will be as efficient and dynamic as we can perceive and predict. This
would ensure an opportunity for family and community level healthcare through consumption of locally
available spices and by including them into the everyday food plates not by imposition, but by self
exploration, the gamut of new age approach will create a paradigm wherein ecology, economy and
climate will move with perfect orchestrations by setting aside all clichés and prejudices of conflicts and
noncooperation between man and nature.

4.2.7 Grafting Eggplant Cultivars on Rootstock of

Cultivated Variety can Increase Yield, Extend Harvest
Period and Impart Yield Tolerance in Bacterial wilt
Infected Field
Imtinungsang Jamira, Asit Kumar Mandala and Arup Chattopadhyayb*
a
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya
Mohanpur, PIN-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
b
Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya
Mohanpur, PIN-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
Email:: chattopadhyay.arup@gmail.com

Bacterial wilt (BW) causes extensive loss (4.24 to 86.14%) in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in the
tropics. Grafting commercial cultivars onto selected rootstocks is an effective approach to control wilt
disease without requiring extensive breeding to develop resistant varieties. Plants developed through
grafting bring 2 different genotypes together and shows effective interaction of rootstock (R) × scion
(S) × environment (E), thereby determining positive and negative influences of rootstocks on plant
performance (vigor, crop duration and yield) and fruit quality of the scion. We have screened 22 wild
and 4 cultivated eggplant accessions for tolerance to BW disease (Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar IIIA)
in artificially created infested beds in the Gangetic plains of West Bengal, India. Two each of S. torvum
Sw. accessions (BCB ST 1 and IARI ST 1) and cultivated varieties ‘Utkal Anushree’ and ‘Utkal Madhuri’
were identified as most compatible rootstocks. Two widely cultivated, susceptible cultivars, ‘Bidhan
Suphala’ and ‘Bidhan Supreme’ were grafted as scions on identified rootstocks and reproductive growth,
fruit quality and disease incidence of grafted plants in bacterial wilt infected experimental plot and
grower field recorded. Although grafted plants had lower mortality and higher yield, quality of fruit
(Total sugar and chlorogenic acid contents) was not improved. Solanum torvum-grafted plants exhibited
some negative effects on yield and economics compared to cultivated rootstocks, suggesting reduced
compatibility. The ‘Bidhan Suphala’ grafted on the cultivated rootstock ‘Utkal Anushree’ had the highest
yield and economic return than those grafted on wild rootstocks. ‘Utkal Anushree’ could be effectively
used as a rootstock for controlling eggplant wilt through grafting. Rootstock of cultivated varieties of
eggplant could be useful for large-scale production of grafted plants. Grafting eggplant cultivars on
rootstock of cultivated variety increased yield, extended the harvest and was effective in reducing crop
loss caused by BW disease.
52 Book of Abstracts

4.2.8 Performance of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

var. Arka rakshak for Growth and Yield under
Polyhouse in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand
Aalok G. Yewale1, C. Tiwari2, Naveen Tariyal3 and Shikha1
1
Scientist/Subject Matter, KVK VCSG UUHF, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal
2
Director Extension, VCSG UUHF, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal
3
SRF, NICRA Project, KVK VCSG UUHF, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal
Email: aalok9sam@gmail.com; ctiwari2000@gmail.com

A field demonstrations of tomato were conducted during kharif season 2021at NICRA village Kaleth and
Dabri, Tehri Garhwal District, Uttarakhand under protected cultivation (Poly house). The demonstrations
were conducted in two conditions i.e. under poly house (control condition) and open field for Tomato
(variety Arka rakshak). Tomato is the one of the crop of NICRA villages in kharif season and also
considered as important economic vegetable crop. The present study was mainly conducted for evaluation
of growth and yield attributes of tomato under different growing condition (poly house and open field)
under Garhwal Himalaya region of Uttarakhand. The results of demonstration revealed that Arka rakshak
variety performed well under poly house with respect to growth as well as yield compared to open field.
The marketable fruit yield was obtained 970 kg/ nali under poly house and 615 kg/ nali in open field.
Beside this at both growing condition this variety proved the best with respect to disease resistant i.e.
bacterial wilt, leaf curl virus and early blight.
Keywords- Arka rakshak, NICRA, Growth and Yield, Poly house

4.2.9 Assessment of Yield of Okra [Abelmoschus

esculentus (L.)] Yariety VL Bhindi- 2 Under
Improved Agronomic Practices in Western
Himalaya of Uttarakhand
Shikha1*, Aalok G.Yewale1 and C. Tiwari2
1*
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ranichauri, VCSG UUHF, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
2
V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal
Uttarakhand India.
*
Email: shikha9104@gmail.com

A Front Line Demonstrations of improved variety of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)] along with
farmers’ practices were conducted during 2020-21 to 2021-22 at farmer’s field of Kaleth village under
NICRA project of KVK, Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand. The fresh fruits of okra are important on
account of its taste, flavor, and nutritional values. It is rich in protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and
vitamins. Therefore, young fruits of okra have reawakened beneficial interest in bringing this crop into
commercial production but low production of the small and marginal farmers of the hills is due to the
limited and minimal use of inputs, especially lack of improved varieties and scattered and uneven land
holding. Hence, an attempt was made to recommend a variety, which performs better under the climatic
 Book of Abstracts 53

conditions of NICRA village Kaleth. The impact of improved production technology on the performance
of okra VL Bhindi-2 was demonstrated and compared with the local varieties and practices usually
adapted by the farmers. The results of improved agronomic practices revealed that the yield of okra
variety VL Bhindi-2 varied from 88.45 q ha-1 to 115.60 q ha-1 with the average yield of 102.02 q ha-1 as
compared to local variety, i.e., 50.80 q ha-1 to 72.12 q ha-1 with the average yield of 61.46 q ha-1 during
the year 2020-21. The yield was varies from 91.50 q ha-1 to 122.60 q ha-1 with the average yield of
107.05 q ha-1 as compared to local variety, i.e., 51.20 q ha-1 to 73.50 q ha-1 with the average yield of
62.35 q ha-1 during the year 2021-22. The percent increase in the yield was 39.75 % and 41.75% during
the year 2021-22 and 2021-22 respectively. Higher production of this crop is possible by cultivation of
high-yielding varieties or genotypes which show remarkably enhanced returns, compared to locally
grown cultivars under the same climatic conditions and inputs applied.
Keywords: Okra, High-yielding varieties, technology demonstration, Tehri Garhwal

4 .2.10 Kharif Chickpea: A New Crop for

theVegetable Purpose
S. Gurumurthy*, K. R. Soren1, Karam Husain2, Jagadish Rane and Himanshu Pathak
ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra
1
ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
2
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email: guru2010.murthy@gmail.com

Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) crop is widely cultivated throughout India primarily in the rabi season
(October-February). However, there is a very good potential of growing it in the kharif season (June-
August) in some parts of India because of the average temperature ranging between 20-30oC with
average rainfall of 200-250 mm during June to August with well-drained soil are available
for kharif chickpea flowering and pod setting. Thus, suitability of both the critical components of chickpea
cultivation i.e., rainfall and temperature makes it possible for kharif chickpea cultivation in the region.
Preliminary investigations, which were carried out to explore feasibility of Kharifchickpea have enabled
us to identify some of the promising chickpea genotypes such as IPCO-6-11, ICE 15654-A, JG-11,
Vishal, JG-16, ICCV 92944, JG-14, ICC 4958 and Vijay. Studies also revealed that Kharif chickpea can
be harvested by 60-70 days under rainfed condition. The raw green pods yielded about 3.0-3.5 t ha-1
whilethe raw green plants with pods yield ranged between 11 to 13 t ha-1.ThusKharif chickpea has
advantages such asadditional yield and income within a short duration. In addition, it can be used as
vegetable purpose. However,there is a need to bridge the knowledge gaps with respect to adaptability,
cost benefit ratio, extension and policy to promote kharif chickpea.
Keywords: Income, Kharif Chickpea, New Crop, Off-season, Pod set, Vegetable
54 Book of Abstracts

4.2.11 Orchid based multi-cropping/ Vertical farming

Rakesh Kumar Singh*,R. H. Ch. Sangma and D.R. Singh
ICAR-National research centre for Orchids
Pakyong East Sikkim-737106

In natural habitat orchids attach themselves to the bark of trees, or the surface of other plants. In
playhouse, they are generally planted in pots and are kept on top of iron/bamboo benches. Thus the
walls of playhouse and the ground space underneath benches remain empty this space can be utilised for
planting of different crops. Keeping this in mind an initiative was taken to utilise the walls of the polyhouse
for vertical farming and the space beneath the benches was used for planting ornamental plants, spices
and some leafy vegetables. So as to generate extra income for the farmers. Crops planted include
coriander, fenugreek, chausur, toria, mustard leaf and pea etc. We have found that fenugreek performed
best followed by coriander.

4.2.12. Ultra High Density Planting of Potato by using

Sprouted Eye pieces under Tropical Climate
Suchitra. V,* A. Bhagwan and B.Neeraja Prabhakar
Horticultural Research Station, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University
Adilabad 504 001, Telangana State
*Email: varakalasuchi3@gmail.com

Potato (Solanum tuberosum.L) is an important temperate tuber crop around the world that performs
best in cool climate between 15 and 18oC. After introduction of heat tolerant varieties, the growers in the
tropical regions have taken the advantage of the availability of such cultivars and its short duration
nature, to trap its production in the prevailing short winters. The major factors limiting potato production
in warm tropical regions are scarcity of seed tubers, high transport cost and poor quality of seed tubers.
Thus, the development of technologies to aid in overcoming such limitations to expand potato cultivation
in the warm areas of the tropics has special significance. Keeping this in view, a study was conducted
to evaluate the tuber production pattern of potato single eyes on raised beds at different spacings under
open field conditions at Horticultural Research Station, Adilabad, Telangana State during Rabi season
2021-22. Breeder seed of Kufri Chanda Mukhi cultivar was procured from CPRI, RS Gwalior. In this
study, sprouted seed tubers of each 100 g were selected and sprouted eyes were scooped with small
portion (4-5g) of tuber attached and the remaining tuber portion was used for extraction of starch
powder. Fungicide (DM-45) treated eyepieces were planted on raised beds at 4 different spacings viz.,
10x8cm, 10x10cm, 15x10cm and 15x15cm. Experiment was laid in simple RBD with four treatments
and six replications. Results revealed that the spacing of 10x8 cm significantly outperformed the other
treatments in tuber yield. On an average, planting of single eyepieces at 10x8 cm provided a higher
benefit of 1.72, 2.03 and 2.7 times the yield over 10x10cm, 15x10cm and 15x15cm respectively,
besides starch yield of 200g in each treatment. Moreover, 10x8 cm spacing recorded highest tuber yield
of 55.25kg per square meter followed by 10x10 cm (31.46kg), 15x10 cm (27.95kg) and 15x11 cm
(19.17 kg). The economics of ultra high density method of spacing of 10x8cm was compared with
standard method of planting (whole tubers each weighing 100 g) at 50x30cm in tropical region and
found 2.2 times higher net profit over standard method of planting.
Keywords: Potato, propagation, tubers, sprouted eyes, high density planting and ultra high density
planting
 Book of Abstracts 55

4.2.13 Evaluation of Different Onion Varieties for

Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield
Arjun Lal Ola, A.K. Pandey, Gaurav Sharma, Saurbh Singh
Maneesh Pandey, Lavlesh, Devesh Tiwari and B.C. Shivran
Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh-284003
*IARI, New Delhi arjunola11@gmail.com

A field experiment was conducted ascertain the production potential to different onion varieties and to
select the most suitable high yielding varieties with better growth, yield and quality. This experiment was
carried out during rabi season of 2019-20 at research farm, RLBCAU, Jhansi. Ninteen onion varieties
were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that there were
significant differences among all parameters studied. It was observed from the data that among the
different onion varieties, NHRDF Red-4 recorded maximum plant height (75.88cm), leaf length (74.39cm),
equatorial diameter of bulb (7.48cm),yield per plot (22.79 kg) yield per ha (182.32 q). While highest
number of leaves (16.07), Polar diameter of bulb (5.02 cm), leaf diameter (17.4 mm) were recorded in
the variety Pusa Sona.
Kewword: Evaluation, growth, onion, verities, yield

4.3 Poster Presentation

4.3.1 Field Evaluation of Happy Seeder with

Conventional Sowing (farmer practices) in CRM
Adopted Village-Jirauli Kala District Hathras.
Kamal Kant1, Pushpa Devi1, S. K. Rawat1, Man Singh2 Sanjay Kumar3
Sushil Kumar4, A. K. Singh5
Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hathras
1

Senior Technical Assistant, GOI, NRFMT&TI, Hisar

2

3
Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Farrukhaba
4
Head, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mainpuri
5
Head, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hathras
Email:kamalkant.iari@gmail.com

Conservation agriculture involving zero- or minimum-tillage and innovations in crop residue management
(CRM) to avoid straw burning should assist in achieving sustainable productivity and allow farmers to
reduce nutrient and water inputs, and reduce risk due to climate change. High yields of the irrigated rice-
wheat system have results in production of huge quantities of crop residues (CRs). The present project
was undertaken in-situ crop residue management on happy seeder for wheat crop under rice-wheat
cropping system in Vill- Jirauli Kala, district Hathras. In this project the performance evaluation of the
happy seeder with conventional method showed its effectiveness over the conventional sowing technique.
The performance evaluation was done from the basis of field capacity, field efficiency, actual field
capacity, fuel consumption and cost of operation, no of tillers/m length, yield, length of earhead, no of
grain/earhead, the comparision of economics of operation of happy seeder with conventional method of
sowing wheat in combined harvested paddy field. The field efficiency of happy seeder and seed cum
56 Book of Abstracts

ferti drill were 41.4% and 55.62% respectively at operating speed of 4.0 kmph. The higher grain and
straw yield (47.35q/ha & 66.15q/ha) were found in case of happy seder and lower in seed cum ferti drill
(43.3q/ha& 59.75q/ha). The average value of thousand grain weight was less (41.15 g) in treatment T1
compared to treatment T2 (42.24 g). The total cost of cultivation per hectare by happy seeder was Rs.
34000 and cost of cultivation per hectare by seed drill + tillage operations was Rs. 38000. Therefore the
cost of cultivation per hectare with happy seeder was more economical as compared to seed drill by Rs.
4000 per hectare and also happy seeder is unique technique for sowing wheat in combine harvested
paddy field to avoid residue burning.

4.3.2 Front Line Demonstrations for Computing Yield

and Yield Gap of Wheat Productivity in
Hardoi District of U.P.
D. K. Mishra 1*, Ram Prakash2, Mukesh Singh3, D. B. Singh4 and C. P. N. Gautam 5
Scientist ( Plant Breeding), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hardoi , 2 Head Krishi Vigyan Kendra,Hardoi,3,4,5
1

Scientists, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hardoi, Directorate of Extension, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture
&Technology, Kanpur - 208 002 ( U.P.)
*E-mail: mishradk3@gmail.com

Wheat (Triticum aestivum ) is one of the major Rabi cereal in Hardoi district of U.P. Major constraint for
lower productivity in the district is low adoption of improved technologies. Front line demonstrations
are the better means for increasing productivity of wheat crop in the district over the existing one. KVK,
Hardoi conducted 98 demonstrations in 32.0 hectare area on wheat varieties DBW 17, Unnat Halna and
HD 2967 on farmers’ fields to demonstrate the production potential and advantages of improved techniques
namely proper seed rate, line sowing, integrated nutrient management and timely weed management for
five consecutive Rabi seasons i.e 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21 in 18 villages
spreading over 5 blocks. On an average over years about 32.7 percent yield increase was observed in
demonstrations over farmer’s varieties. The mean yield of 35.1 q/ha was recorded under demonstrations
over the farmers’ practices of 26.4 q/ha. The extension gap, technology gap and technology index were
observed to be 7.7 q per ha, 5.5 q per ha and 10.9 %, respectively. The improved technologies resulted
higher mean net income of Rs.51115/ha with a benefit cost ratio of 2.83 as compared to local practice
(37866/ha, 2.44).
Keywords: Demonstration, economics, gap analysis, grain yields, wheat.

4.3.3 Dynamics of Organic Indian Spices to Meet the

Nutritional Security during Pandemic Covid-19
Sanjive Kr. Singh, Nirankar and P.K. Singh
Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
E-mail: sanjive.csau@gmail.com

Due to diverse agro-climatic conditions, more than 60 spices are grown in India, which is considered as
“Land of Spices”. India ranks first in terms of production, consumption and trade. One area where India
 Book of Abstracts 57

is making steady progress in organic spices. Organic spices demand is increasing rapidly and it is
predicted to double in the next upcoming five years.Recently, during global pandemic Covid-19 demands
of organic spices has increased in international market owing to immune boosting properties of spices.
In India, north-eastern states have great potential where variety of spices like large cardamom, ginger,
turmeric, bay leaf and black pepper are grown organically. One of the main reason to grow organic
spices is that the production method does not involve any synthetic chemicals or pesticides instead
relying on organic manure and bio-fertilizers. Another thing which is linked with organic and non-
organic spices is that all nonorganic spices are sterilized through fumigation and irradiation before
coming the market. In fumigation, harmful chemicals such as ethylene oxidase are used to killed bacteria
and microbes, which is extremely toxic for human being. The irradiation method is also hazardous, this
have several negative effect on the spices as its chemical composition is disturbed. Spices Board of
India is also playing very important role to promote organic spices in country through providing trainings
and certificates on organic produces to the farmers. Subsidies on organic inputs, scaling up the organic
production strategies, and the development of well-connected market will upgrade production and export
of organic spices.

4.3.4 Role of Vegetable crops in Doubling

Farmers’ Income
Balwant Singh Sachan, Mohd. Shamim, Birendra Kumar*
Bhartendu Yadav, Raj Karan Sahu
Department of Agricultural Economics & Statistics
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur – 208002
Email: yadavbkumar.5@gmail.com

Approximately, 70 per cent of the marginal and small farmers dwelling in India are devoid of sufficient
land to cultivate and some of them are also landless (FAO, 2018). To improve their condition over such
a resource less situation, vegetable crops seems to be one of the answer for this. These crops can be
seen as optimal option in crop diversification and adoption of modern approach; farmers can not only
enhance productivity but also can improve their socio-economic condition. Horticultural cropping can
optimize the space, time, B:C ratio and finally, can improve the productivity from the same piece of land.
The productivity of vegetable was noticed 17.11 tonnes per hectare in India during 2017 (Kumar and
Tripathi, 2020). The country recorded its highest ever horticultural production of 320.77 million tonnes
from an area of 25.66 million hectare. Also, it is expected to hike 326.58 lakh million tonnes from an area
of 27.17 lakh hectare by 2023, (Ministry of agriculture and farmers welfare, 2021). Keeping in view the
huge potential and role of horticulture sector in increasing farmers’ incomes, there is need to promote
the holistic growth of sector in the country.
Keywords: doubling income, vegetable, socio-economic, marginal farmers.
58 Book of Abstracts

TECHNICAL SESSION-5
INNOVATIONS FOR CLIMATE SMART PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN
HORTICULTURE FOR RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

5.1.1 An Experience in Vegetable Nursery for

Sustainable Development of Horticulture
– A Case study Haryana
Manoj Kumar, Joint Director Horticulture and Sudhir Kumar
Deputy Director Horticulture
Center of Excellence for Vegetables, Gharaunda, Karnal, Haryana.

Recognizing the importance of planting material for higher productivity and quality production, Horticulture
Department, Haryana has started creating infrastructure since 2011 for production of grafted fruit
plants and vegetable seedlings. At present department has state of art nursery infrastructure at eight
locations for production of more than 5 lakhs grafted plants and 4 crore hybrid vegetable seedlings to
cover more than 7000 acres annually. The positive impact of this intervention led to increase in productivity
level by 4 to 5 MT per ha. in the last few years. The introduction of vertical and high-density plantation
with precision farming has led to sustainable development of horticulture.

5.1.2 Design and Development of Vertical Horticulture

and Greenhouse Technology for Production of
Vegetables and Flowers
S.R. Singh
PS, CISH, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow

5.1.3 Protected Cultivation Technologies:

Play A Key Role for Climate Resilient and Sustainable
Development of Horticultural Crops
Awani Kumar Singh and Indra Mani
Principal Scientist and HOD, Center for Protected Cultivation Technology (CPCT)
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi (INDIA)
Email: singhawani5@gmail.com

Protected structures act as physical barrier and play a key role to minimized biotic and a biotic stress to
the crop experiments were conducted two yea i.e. Cucumber (miniangal),Tomato ( var. ID-37) and
Capsicum (var. Indra ) under three different type of polyhouse designs i.e. 1. Double Dore Malty Spain
 Book of Abstracts 59

Naturally ventilated type (all side height ventilation and roof ventilation), 2. Double Dore Malty Spain
fain-pad/semi ontroled type (side ventilation and roof ventilated) and 3. Double Dore Quonset type
Insect Proof Net-house (complete covering by IP net) during August to May in the year of 2013–2014
at the CPCT farm, IARI, New Delhi. All greenhouse designing are installed under 1000 m2 area with the
help of GI Pipes and covered by 200 micron thick U.V. stabilized transparent polythene and 40-50 mess
size insect proof net. The experiments were laid out under Randomized Block Design (RBD). The Hi-
value vegetable crops i.e cucumber, capsicum and tomato were transplanted during August month in all
the years. During the experiments we have used standardized recommended agronomical package of
practices with drip irrigation/fertigation to grow the crop. The cucumber crop was taken three time
(August-Nov.-Feb.May). The better growth, fruit setting, maturity, picking, higher marketable quality,
fruits yield (12.50kg, 11.50kg, 13.70kg/m2) and minimum percentage (10.75%) incidences of disease
and pest were found significantly better under Double Dore Malty Spain fain-pad type as compare to
others type polyhouses. This greenhouse/polyhouse was maintained 4 to 5 degree centigrade higher
temperature (in day and night) during winter season and exhibited early fruit setting and harvesting as
compared to all other design of polyhouses. The average temperature maintained in different greenhouses
was 4–6 0C higher than the ambient temperature. The electric consumption was not required for energy
conserving in any greenhouse, hence cultivation cost of all vegetable crops was relatively high as
compared to naturally ventilated polyhouse/greenhouse.
The cost of cultivation of cucumber, capsicum and tomato were ranges from Rs.52.75 to Rs. 55.50/m2
in all types of polyhouse/greenhouse design. The maximum net return (Rs.102.5, 150.50, 70.50/m2) and
cost: benefit ratio (1: 4.20, 1:3.50 and 1:2.50) was obtained for cucumber, capsicum and tomato respectively
in Double Dore Malty Spain fain-pad Polyhouse/greenhouse. Considering the cost of cultivation,
production of cucumber, capsicum and tomato are economically feasible to farmers using 1000m2 size
Double Dore Malty Spain naturally ventilated polyhouse/greenhouses and IP Net-house for plain condition
in India.

5.1.4 Strategic Approaches for Climate Resilient and

Sustainable Production of Potato Seed
B. P. Singh
Ex- Director, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla
Email: birpals53@gmail.com

The very foundation of potato seed production is based on climate, soil ,vectors and pest &
diseases. Cool clim ate is considered ideal for potato seed production due to less vector pressure and
slow rate of degeneration .Potato in India is grown under subtropical conditions which are not suited for
potato seed production. Infact, potato is primarily a temperate crop and requires mild temperatures. It is
for this reason the potao cultivation started late in India and could pickup only after 1950 which coincided
with the establishment of Central Potato Research Institute in 1949. Initially, Hilly regions were used for
production of potato seed because of their advantages of low temperatures and high winds. It was a
successful initiative and worked well for some time. But due to certain technical reasons, especially the
physiological age of hill grown seed and expanding seed requirement, a need was felt to expand seed
production to Indo-gangetic plains. To meet this requirement a new system of seed production known
as Seed Plot Technique was deve loped. It is based on concept of Tuber Indexing coupled with field
multiplication in four stages. Based on climate and presence of diseases and pests, certain areas were
declared not suitable for seed production. To take care of the long field exposures for 7 years and reduce
60 Book of Abstracts

them to three field exposures, a tissue culture based system of potato seed production has been developed.
Protectected cultivation of G0 and some times G1 seed is part of this new system. Climate is changing
and increase in temperature in the years to come will pose big challenges to potato seed production. It
calls for total overhauling of the seed system. To start with, short duration varieties need to be developed
to take care of the ever shrinking seed production window. The seed agronomy need s to be changed
with respect to fertigation and seed preparation before the actual planting .Production of early generation
seed under protected condition needs to be adopted. Number of field multiplication needs to be reduced
taking advantage of the tissue culture and aeroponics technologies. Vector management needs to be
improved and avoidance based of sound cultural practices needs to be adopted. Time has come to put
more focus on Diploid breeding for developing sound seed system based on TPS.

5.2 Oral Presentation

5.2.1 Performance of Apple Ber on

Different Training Systems
P. H. Nikumbhe1, P. R. Meghwal2, O. P. Meena3 and Pramendra4
1
ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune; Maharashtra State, India
ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur; Rajasthan State, India
2,3,4

Email: nikumbheph@gmail.com, prashant.nikumbhe@icar.gov.in

Ber is an indigenous and common fruit in India. Apple Ber cultivar is gaining momentum in subtropical
and tropical climate of West Bengal, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujrat in
India is due to its precocity in bearing, fruit size, and crisp texture. Unlike Indian jujube, its name
signifies size and appearance of fruit. Many factors including training practices affects vegetative growth
and fruit quality. Due to higher fruit weight of cultivar, breakage of branches or complete tilting of
plants, uneven fruiting, reduced fruit set and higher fruit drop is common in Apple ber. Considering its
appealing fruit taste and quality, different training systems were tried to study its performance on three-
year-old apple ber. Plants were trained with two training systems i.e. Y- Shape, Espalier training systems
and control. The regular management practices were followed in orchard. Observations were recorded
on vegetative and fruit quality parameters. Collected data revealed that the vegetative growth, fruit
quality including yield was significantly influenced by training system. Vegetative parameters like leaf
area and physical and quality attributes viz., fruit weight and size, TSS, ascorbic acid, yield and B:C
were recorded better in Y-Shape training system. Thus Y-Shape training system can be used for yield
and quality improvement in apple ber.

5.2.2 Effect of Seedling Uprooting Time and Pruning on

Yield and Related Traits in Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Y. P. Khade, V. Mahajan*, R.P. Singh, A. Gavhane and M. Singh
ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar-410505, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Email: vijay.mahajan@icar.gov.in

The seedlings of the short-day onions (Allium cepa L.) grown in the different parts of the India are
commonly uprooted and pruned before the transplanting. We conducted a study at ICAR-Directorate of
 Book of Abstracts 61

Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra during late kharif-2019 to evaluate the
effects of seedling uprooting and pruning on yield and related traits in onion variety Baswant-780. The
trial was conducted in randomized block design. In the experiment 1, treatments undertaken were
uprooting of seedlings 7 days before transplanting to seedling uprooting on the same day of transplanting.
The results indicated that yield obtained was highest in treatment, seedling uprooting on the same day of
transplanting (62.76 t/ha). In another experiment, leaves and roots were pruned from 7 days before
transplanting to without pruning. The results showed that, yield was more in the treatment pruning of
seedlings on the same of transplanting (60.48 t/ha). Thus, it was concluded that 45 days old seedling
can be transplanted on the same of uprooting and pruning can be done on same day of transplanting for
better yield and other traits in onion.

5.2.3 Scientific Nursery Raising of Directly Sown

Cucurbitaceous Crops: A Way to Enhancing Income
Sudhir Kumar1 and Ashraf Ali Khan2
National Agriculture Research Centre, Kalai, Aligarh
1

2
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Aligarh
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email: aali_khan@rdiffmail.com

Zaid crops have usually been observed, to ensure adequate food supply and distribution in cities and
support livelihoods of farmers. If any crop comes some days early in market, it will receive good margin
comparing to the time when market is flooded with such vegetables. In order to enhance germination of
seedlings in vegetables, one can opt for protected structure but due to high cost of such structures it’s
impossible for many farmers to go for. However raising nursery in polythene bags under small polythene
huts or other covered structures is very good technique for farmers. Technical guidance and support to
farmers regarding nursery production was provided both at the field and telephonic viz: seed &soil
treatment water scheduling, protection against insect pest and diseases khair block of Aligarh District.
Support of Social media like WhatsApp was also taken to provide immediate support a group was
formed and day to day advisories were sent seeds of muskmelon and other cucurbits were sown in
polythene bags of 15 × 10 cm size and 100-gauge thickness, in the end of January and seedlings were
transplanted by the end of February at the stage when 2-3 true leaves were developed. The transplanted
crop matured early by 15-25 days than the direct sown crop, technique also checks the attack of red
pumpkin and thus produced higher yields and economizes seed cost, especially in hybrid cultivars
where seed cost is high. Farmers obtained Rs. 3.0 - 4.0 lakh from the expenditure of Rs. 70.00 to 80.00
thousand only. The cost benefit ratio was also recorded higher i.e. about 1:6 as compared to cost benefit
ratio of direct sown i.e.1:3. The nursery Grower got benefits by two ways as they sold their seedlings
to other fellow farmers at good rate and secondly they transplanted seedlings at their own field, and got
early crop and higher yield. As a result they got about 200% extra benefit as compared to direct seed
sowing practices because of higher and early yield.
62 Book of Abstracts

5.2.4 Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Induction of Novel

Colour in Chrysanthemum
(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
Tarak Nath Saha, K. V. Prasad, Ganesh B. Kadam, P. Naveen Kumar and D. V. S. Raju
ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, Maharashtra
Email: tnsaha1981@gmail.com

In chrysanthemum induced mutants account for over 50% of all the commercial cultivars. Increasing
demands to new forms of chrysanthemum leads to research for obtaining new varieties. Some characters
of this species make the application of mutation breeding techniques fully justifiable are hexaploid nature
of plant and vegetative propagation, which makes it difficult to conduct hybridisation. Performing
mutation on an established cultivar is an effective method to fulfil the shortcomings (colour, shape, size,
etc) in the existing cultivar. The maximum used irradiation method is by physical mutagen through
gamma radiation. In order to induce novel variation/colour an experiment was conducted using
chrysanthemum Accession No. 3 (White colour), which is very popular as loose flower. The rooted
cuttings were irradiated with 15, 20 and 25 Gy at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai.
The experimental results revealed that there was a gradual and significant reduction in vital plant growth
parameters viz. plant height (20.92%), plant spread (29.16%), number of flowers per plant (11.53%),
flower diameter (11.64%) and yield per plant (21.77%) with increase in doses (control and at 25 Gy).
However, parameters like number of primary and secondary branches per plant showed increasing
trend and there was a delay in days to bud, colour break and days to flower opening. Maximum plant
height (59.75 cm), plant spread (54.65 cm) was recorded in control and least (47.26 cm and 38.71 cm)
at 25 Gy. Higher dose delayed the bud initiation (by 11.01 days), colour break (10.56 days) and days to
flower opening (8.79 days). However, the number of buds and flowers per plant was non-significant
with regard to increase in dose. In the study, a novel yellow coloured flower branch appeared at the
irradiation dose of 20 Gy which was subsequently isolated. Based on the first year of evaluation the
Gamma Mutant was found similar to parent in terms of morphological and other traits, except flower
colour. The mutant was comparable for other traits and found better than the parent in terms of flower
yield (0.96 % more) over the control. It can therefore be inferred that irradiation with Gamma rays (20
Gy) had a potential to create variation in chrysanthemum.
Keywords: Gamma Irradiation, Mutation, Dose, Accession, Chrysanthemum.

5.2.5 Strategies for Uniform Colour Development in

Grapes under Tropical Conditions
Ajay Kumar Sharma, R. G. Somkuwar, Nishant A. Deshmukh and Prashant H. Nikumbhe
ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune-412307 (India)
Email: Ajay.Sharma1@icar.gov.in

Grape is one of the major important fruit crop grown in tropical regions of India. As per an estimate total
grape production in country was 3125 thousand tons from an area of 140 thousand ha during the year
2019-20. Grape growing in India is mainly concentrated in Maharashtra and Karnataka states and about
95% grape is produced from this region only. Market demand in changing very fast and changes in
 Book of Abstracts 63

consumer preferences are being recorded. To earn well from market, there is need to supply grapes
according to market. In last few years, demand of coloured grape varieties is increasing in domestic as
well as in export markets. However, under tropical conditions, uniform colour development is a main
problem. Significantly high anthocyanin accumulation is recorded in grape skin at 20 °C than at 30 °C.
Under tropical conditions of India, various stage of berry always passes through temperature of more
than 20 °C and it is reflected in poor and uneven colour development. To achieve early and uniform
colour, about one week before harvesting, growers remove berries from bunches. This practice is
known as “Neating” and about 8 to 10% of total produce is discarded and resulted in economic loss to
grape growers. Application of growth bioregulators especially ABA and ethrel is recorded in uniform
color development. Same time improvement in overall grape quality is also recorded. To avoid the
application of bioregulators, inactivated yeast-based product is good option. Foliar application improves
phenolic maturity in grapes. The expected changes in phenolic content of treated berries could also be
explained by a vine-pathogen interaction, as yeasts are recognised as pathogens and activate plant
defense mechanisms. Hence, application of inactivated yeast results in early and uniform colour
development in coloured grape barriers.

5.2.6 A Successful Tissue Culture model of Banana

Anil B. Patil
Tissue Culture Laboratory, Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Jain Hills, Jain Agri Park,
Shirsoli Road, Jalgaon-425001, Maharashtra
Email-patil.anil@jains.com; Website: www.jains.com

Fruit thinning is known to improve fruit quality in many crops including banana. Stage of fruit thinning
affects the fruit development of the remaining fruits. In this study effect of banana hand thinning was
studied in variety Grand Nain to understand its effect of fruit quality. Banana hand thinning was performed
at six intervals keeping 8, 9, and 10 hands. Each interval had a gap of one week. Observations were
recorded for fruit length and fruit weight. Maximum fruit length of the upper hand was recorded to 10.5
inch, fruit weight 220 gms in bunch maintaining 8 hands thinned after one week of the complete hand
emergence. Minimum fruit length of 8.3 inch and weight 175 gms were recorded maintaining 10 hands
thinned after six weeks of emergence.
Keywords: Banana, tissue culture, productivity

5.2.7 Efficacy of Agro Charger as Yield enhancer in

cumin and coriander
N. Chaudhary*, K. Kant, P. N. Dubey and R. D. Meena
ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Tabiji, Ajmer-305206, Rajasthan
E-mail: ncfls1983@gmail.com

An experiment was conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20 to study
the efficacy of Agro Charger as yield enhancer in cumin and coriander. The results of field experiment
showed maximum seed yield (495 kg/ha) of cumin recorded in treatment receiving Agro Charger @ 2
ml/litre. Seed yield increased by 17.29 % and 43.89 % over control and Agro Charger @ 4 ml/litre
64 Book of Abstracts

respectively with the use of Agro Charger @ 2 ml/litre in cumin. The maximum essential oil (4.15%) in
cumin recorded with treatment receiving Agro Charger @ 5 ml/litre. In coriander, maximum seed yield
(797 kg/ha) was registered with Agro Charger @ 3 ml/litre. Seed yield increased by 29.80 % over Agro
Charger @ 2 ml/litre with the use of Agro Charger @ 3 ml/litre. Agro Charger @ 2 ml/litre and @ 3 ml/
litre in cumin and coriander respectively is better and eco-friendly source of nutrition in order to achieve
safe and sustainable yield of cumin and coriander.
Keywords: Efficacy, Agro Charger, cumin, coriander, yield

5.2.8 Effect of Fruit Thinning on Fruit Quality in

Banana Variety Grand Nain
Kalyansing B. Patil
Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Plastic Park, NH No. 06
Bambhori, Jalgaon-425001, Maharashtra
Email-patil.kalyansing@jains.com;Website: www.jains.com

Fruit thinning is known to improve fruit quality in many crops including banana. Stage of fruit thinning
affects the fruit development of the remaining fruits. In this study effect of banana hand thinning was
studied in variety Grand Nain to understand its effect of fruit quality. Banana hand thinning was performed
at six intervals keeping 8, 9, and 10 hands. Each interval had a gap of one week. Observations were
recorded for fruit length and fruit weight. Maximum fruit length of the upper hand was recorded to 10.5
inch, fruit weight 220 gms in bunch maintaining 8 hands thinned after one week of the complete hand
emergence. Minimum fruit length of 8.3 inch and weight 175 gms were recorded maintaining 10 hands
thinned after six weeks of emergence.
Keywords: Grand Nain, fruit thinning

5.2.9 Light Emitting Diodes

A New Reality in Horticulture
Meikam Ichancha*, Subhen du Shekhar Gantait, Daripalli Srilakshmi
Suraksha Rai and Kunal Debbarma
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya
West Bengal
E-mail ID: echn.meikam@gmail.com

Light is one of the indispensable constants for the plants necessary for their development beginning
from planting, to emergence till harvesting. Production of high value indoor plants especially leafy
vegetables and ornamental plants have increased significantly over the years. However, in greenhouse
cultivation, sunlight is one of the most limiting factors that is affecting production, especially during
winters when the days are short and light intensity is comparatively low. Light emitting diodes (LEDs),
having known for their efficacy at converting electricity into light, is playing a vital role in such domain,
by increasing plant photosynthetic and metabolic activities, growth and controlling flowering. Studies
have shown that for every 10% increase in light, there is 7-10% increase in growth in plants. Many
 Book of Abstracts 65

works done on various ornamental plants such as petunia, salvia, dianthus, impatiens and rose have
shown that using LEDs as sole lighting system or in combination with white light or other lighting
system have efficiently increased the performance of the plants. Blue light has been reported to play a
dominant role in regulating extension growth and pigment concentration that influences leaf colour and
secondary metabolites. Supplementing the light requirement through light emitting diodes will enhance
production by delivering at least 60-100 µmol·m-2·s-1 of blue light for ornamental crops and operated 12
to 20 hours per day and providing such light to seedlings will give greener and sturdier plants. Even
higher intensities can be justified for fruit and vegetable crops. Researchers have put that LEDs are what
growers would be using in the next few years due to its provision of giving right light for required plant
growth, its efficiency, higher quality plants, uniformity and predictability. The cost for installation of
LEDs are comparatively lower as various companies have been taking initiatives to put more light
fixtures with high efficacies to enable the growers to utilize LEDs for more efficient production. While
the benefit of targeting specific wavelengths of light may be negligible against ambient light, the relatively
high energy efficiency and long lifespan of most LEDs remain desirable attributes. Additionally, with
applications such as intracanopy and sole-source lighting becoming increasingly popular, the utilization
of wavelength specificity provided by LEDs will only increase as their manufacturing costs continue to
decrease while their electrical efficacy continues to increase.
Keywords: LED, ornamental plants, light.

5.3 Poster Presentation

5.3.1 Effect of Intercropping of Vegetable Crops as well

as Rice Crop by Changing the Spacing in Sugarcane
Crop in Mid-plains of Uttar Pradesh”
Pradeep Kumar Bisen*, M. Suhail, S. K. Vishwakarma, S. Singh, N. K. Tripathi & J. L. Gupta
KVK-I, Lakhimpur –Kheri-262802
ChandraShekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email::bisen73@gmail.com

Sugarcane one of the most important crop in district Lakhimpur-Kheri, but by changing the spacing
pattern in sowing of same there is possibilities of inclusion of different crops .A study has been conducted
at farmer’s field during rainy season of 2019-21. During the course of study it has been found that
average intercrops yield were ladies finger-8.5q/0.1ha,turmeric-09q/0.05ha, rice-15.5q/0.5ha, cowpea-
12.2q/0.1ha,bitter gourd-6.3q/0.05ha and bottle gourd-10.2q/0.05ha. In monetary term average gross
return were from different crops approximately Rs.12000, Rs.20000, Rs.17600, Rs.24000, Rs.18000
and Rs.10000 respectively. The average total gross return was obtained Rs.101600 from intercrops.
The data had been collected from crop area of 1.4 hectare from seven locations. CEY were obtained
with reference to sugarcane, as per area acquired by each intercrops and their produce value in term of
rupee as mentioned earlier 36.92q, 61.54q, 54.15q, 73.85q, 55.38q and 30.77q.
Keywords: Intercropping, Sugarcane, Mid plains, CEY,
66 Book of Abstracts

5.3.2 Environmental Sustainability through

New System of Compositing
Jitendra Singh*, Arvind Kumar Singh** and Sadhana Vaish***

*Scientist(Agronomy), **Sr. Scientist & Head, ***Sr. Scientist(Home Science)

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thariaon, Fatehpur

The General Practice adopted by farmers in villages particularly in Uttar Pradesh is to store cow dung in
open and on flat surface, which leads to loss of nutrients. Looking into the large number of livestock’s
it is imperative to educate the farmers in the innovative systems of composting like Nadep compost,
Vermi compost etc. through On Farm Trails.
An adaptive research was conducted in Fatehpur District on farmer’s field. The experiment was conducted
during winter (Rabi) season in Fatehpur district. Verification trails were conducted on large size plots on
cropping sequence, soil fertility and yield stability. Application of 125 q/ha of Nadep compost at the time
of last ploughing with 50% recommended dose of fertilizers wheat crop resulted into 4.39 q/ha of more
crop yield. The soil was sandy-loam soil (sand, slit and clay 68.25, 14.75 and 16.0% respectively).
Application of 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers (60 kg N, 30kg P, 20 kg K) with Nadep compost
gave the highest economic return.
Application of 125 q/ha Nadep Compost + 25q/ha vermin-compost (without use of any fertilizers)
resulted in good productivity (52 q/ha wheat, variety PBW-343) and increased soil moisture and crop
growth as compared with no application of compost. Application of NADEP compost built up the
fertility status of the soil and maintained soil health.
Keywords: Cropping sequence, Moisture, Soil fertility, Yield stability

5.3.3 Evaluation of Bio-efficacy of Oxyfluorfen 20% +

Clodinafop- Propargyl 5% DF Against Weed in
Onion Crop
Manoj Mishra1, R. A. Yadav2, Anil Kumar Sachan3, Prashun Sachan2 and Arvind Kumar4
1
Directorate of Research 2Department of Agronomy 3Directorate of Seed and Farms. 4KVK Kannauj
Chandra Shekher Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002

This experiment was conducted for evaluation of bio-efficacy of oxyfluorfen 20% + Clodinafop- Propargyl
5% DF against major weeds in onion crop at Crop Research Farm, NawabgangC.S.Azad University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during Rabi 2018-19 and Rabi 2019-20. The herbicide formulation
oxyfluorfen 20% + Clodinafop- Propargyl 5% DF at different concentration viz. @ 800, 1000, 1200 and
2400 g ha-1 was evaluated for its bio-efficacy on weed flora in onion crop and were compared with
control. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and onion
variety Nasik N-53was used. The outcome of the above experiment was indicated by the data taken at
15, 30, 45 and 60 days after application which is higher weed control efficiency against different weeds
was recorded in weed free followed by oxyfluorfen 20% + Clodinafop- Propargyl 5% DF @ 2400 g ha-
1
followed by oxyfluorfen 20% + Clodinafop- Propargyl 5% DF @ 1200 g ha-1 and oxyfluorfen 20% +
 Book of Abstracts 67

Clodinafop- Propargyl 5% DF @ 1000 g ha-1, respectively. The onion bulb yield recorded in experiment
was ranged from 8.69 t ha-1- 18.28 t ha-1, significantly higher mean bulb yield was recorded in oxyfluorfen
20% + Clodinafop- Propargyl 5% DF @ 2400 g ha-1 followed by oxyfluorfen 20% + Clodinafop-
Propargyl 5% DF @ 1200 g ha-1 and oxyfluorfen 20% + Clodinafop- Propargyl 5% DF @ 1000 g ha-1
(18.28 t ha-1, 17.89 t ha-1 and 17.41 t ha-1), respectively and lower bulb yield was recorded in weedy
check (8.69 t ha-1).
Therefore, on the basis of two season studies it was observed that oxyfluorfen 20% + Clodinafop-
Propargyl 5% DF did not produce and phyto-toxic symptoms and also it may be concluded that
oxyfluorfen 20% + Clodinafop- Propargyl 5% DF @ 1000 g ha-1 can be used for effective control
weeds in onion crop along with ultimate increase in yield.

5.3.4 Cost Benefit Analysis of Vegetables in

Kanpur Region
Birendra Kumar*, Balwant Singh sachan, Anil Kumar Sachan, Bhartendu Yadav and
Raj Karan Sahu
Department of Agricultural Economics & Statistics
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur – 208002
Email: yadavbkumar.5@gmail.com

The study “Cost benefit analysis of vegetables in Kanpur Region” analyzed 100 vegetable growers from
Kanpur nagar and Kanpur dehat; 50 from each district. The data was collected with the help of specially
tested schedule by personal interview method, using multistage random sampling method for the year
2019-20 in twenty villages of four blocks viz., Kalyanpur and Bilhaur from Kanpur nagar and Akbarpur
and Maitha blocks from Kanpur dehat. The study revealed that the average per hectare cost of cultivation
of Rabi vegetables was Rs. 182340.47/ha which gives net returns of Rs. 55393.91/ha. Among rabi
vegetables tomato was the most profitable crop with highest net returns of Rs. 84748.30/ha. The
average per hectare cost of cultivation of Zaid vegetables was Rs. 159996.96/ha which gives net returns
of Rs. 62305.84/ha. Among Zaid vegetables sponge guard was the most profitable crop with highest net
returns of Rs. 92805.2/ha. It represents that vegetable cultivation is a profitable venture and can be a
possible solution in improving socio-economic condition of the farmers.
Keywords: Rabi, Zaid, Vegetable Cultivation, Cost and Returns.

5.3.5 Role of Vegetable Crops in Doubling

Farmers’ Income
Balwant Singh Sachan, Shamim Ahmad, Birendra Kumar*, Bhartendu Yadav and
Raj Karan Sahu
Department of Agricultural Economics & Statistics
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur – 208002
Email: yadavbkumar.5@gmail.com

Approximately, 70 per cent of the marginal and small farmers dwelling in India are devoid of sufficient
land to cultivate and some of them are also landless (FAO, 2018). To improve their condition over such
68 Book of Abstracts

a resource less situation, vegetable crops seems to be one of the answer for this. These crops can be
seen as optimal option in crop diversification and adoption of modern approach; farmers can not only
enhance productivity but also can improve their socio-economic condition. Horticultural cropping can
optimize the space, time, B:C ratio and finally, can improve the productivity from the same piece of land.
The productivity of vegetable was noticed 17.11 tonnes per hectare in India during 2017 (Kumar and
Tripathi, 2020). The country recorded its highest ever horticultural production of 320.77 million tonnes
from an area of 25.66 million hectare. Also, it is expected to hike 326.58 lakh million tonnes from an area
of 27.17 lakh hectare by 2023, (Ministry of agriculture and farmers welfare, 2021). Keeping in view the
huge potential and role of horticulture sector in increasing farmers’ incomes, there is need to promote
the holistic growth of sector in the country.
Keywords: doubling income, vegetable, socio-economic, marginal farmers.

5.3.6. Enhancing Farmers’ Income by Adopting

Integration of Different Agricultural Enterprises
Raj Karan Sahu, Birendra Kumar*, Rakesh Kr. Singh, Bhartendu Yadav
Department of Agricultural Economics & Statistics
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur – 208002
Email: yadavbkumar.5@gmail.com

The present study used multistage random sampling technique and a total number of 50 farmers were
selected randomly from the universe of 5 villages on the proportion of the farmers falling in each village
under different size of group in the study area of District Banda. The average operation cost and average
overhead cost of paddy, wheat and onion crop was Rs.35316.46 and 7568.41 respectively. The main
product obtained from different crops i.e., paddy, wheat and onion crops was in quintal 35.43, 40.73
and 192.34 respectively. Average total cost of different land holding of marginal, small and large farmer
of different enterprises like cow, buffalo, goatary and poultry was in Rs 24718.77, 35472.68, 8101.57
and 1942.45 respectively. The average input-output ratio of different enterprises was 1:2.07. therefore,
we can see that integration of agriculture enterprises leads to a profitable deal and will be a key for the
lead to increase farmers’ income.
Keywords: farmers income, onion, wheat, paddy

5.3.7 Studies on Floral Biology in Different Cultivars

of Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
A. M. Butani , Puja H. Vyas, Lata J. Raval and D. K. Varu
College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh- Gujarat (India)
1Assistant Professor, E mail: ambutani@jau.in, Puja H.Vyas, M.sc. Horti. Student,
3.Dr. Lata J. Raval, 4.Principal, Email : dkvaru@jau.in

The experiment was conducted at Madhadi baug, Fruit Research Station, Department of Horticulture,
Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during the year 2020. The experiment was laid out
in a Randomised Block Design with four different treatments and five replications. The treatments
 Book of Abstracts 69

comprised of different cultivars viz., Allahabad safeda, Bhavnagar red, L-49 (Sardar), Yogi (Sarangpur
selection). The observations on Anthesis, dehiscence, pollen viability, pollen germination and stigma
receptivity were recorded during Mrig Bahar (winter) crop of guava.The result revealed that optimum
time for anthesis was found from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m. and dehiscence was from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00
a.m. in all the cultivars. Maximum pollen viability per cent (94.06 %), pollen germination per cent (85.75
%) and stigma receptivity per cent (83.08 %) were observed in L-49 (Sardar) cultivar of guava. Among
the all cultivars under study, L-49 (Sardar) gave the best result in relation to pollen viability and pollen
germination during Mrig Bahar (winter) crop of guava.
Keywords: Guava, floral biology, anthesis, dehiscence, pollen viability, pollen germination and stigma
receptivity

TECHNICAL SESSION-6
VARIETAL IMPROVEMENT FOR RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE
CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN PRODUCTION

6.1.1 Fruit Breeding in India: Achievements and

Way Forward
B. N. S. Murthy, M. Sankaran and P. S. Nitin
ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture Research
Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru-560089
Email: bns.murthy@gov.in

Breeding of perennial fruit trees is quite different than breeding of annual crops. Besides, there are
several constraints impeding fast testing and release of varieties. In addition, there are several inherent
problems insome fruits crops such as structural differences in floral biology, apomixes, parthenocarpy,
cross incompatibility, number of seeds per fruit and large acreage required for meaningful assessment.
While a lot of geneticvariability has been collected and maintained in a number of fruit crops, major
emphasis in fruit breedinghas so far been laid only on developing varieties with high yield and superior
fruit quality. Time has come tohave a fresh look on breeding priorities and strategies to harness the full
potential of fruit breeding. Followingrecommendations are made to achieve the desired objectives: While
a lot of genetic variability has been collected and maintained in a number of fruit crops, majoremphasis
in fruit breeding should be given for systematic evaluation of germplasm of fruit crops. Collection of
wild germplasm, endangered species and other gene sources should be taken on priorityand their descriptive
evaluation is of utmost importance.There is urgent need to do basic research on inheritance of characters
which will ease the choice ofparents in hybridization programmes. There is need to clearly define
objectives and priorities of breeding of fruit crops for different regions.Furthermore, the work should
be assigned to different centres on the basis of their human resource capabilities and available facilities.
Rootstock breeding of commercial fruits like mango, citrus, grape, pomegranate etc; indigenous fruits
like Bael, jamun should be taken at priority. In view of climate change, breeding work should be taken at
priority for developing climate resilient varieties and rootstocks. There should be integrated breeding
approaches involving traditional and modern molecular methodsfor the improvement of fruit crops.
Marker aided selection and enriching the genome resources of fruitcrops should be taken on priority.There
is dearth of manpower for fruit breeding programmes keeping in view the number of crops andaspects
requiring attention.
70 Book of Abstracts

6.1.2 Biotechnological Approaches for Climate Resilient

Vegetable Crops Development
Tusar Kanti Behera, Pallavi Mishra and Achuit Kumar Singh
ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi
Email: Correspondence: director.iivr@icar.gov.in

Human society has reached a point where climate change is turning more and more inevitable. From
rising earth temperature, melting glaciers, disastrous flooding and erosions, to undermined food production,
climate change has resulted in an unprecedented global percussion strike. It has also challenged the
worldwide agricultural productivity and nutritional food security. Food and commodity prices are
escalating every day and are expected to increase more and more due to uncontrolled climatic situations.
These conditions have aroused more inclination towards the utilization of CWRs in agriculture and
development of climate-resilience crops with the ability to cope with array of climatic stresses such as
heat, drought, flood, cold, salinity, submergence, and help to deliver increased productivity of quality
food while ensuring high nutritional security. The selection objectives to enhance crop resilience to the
impacts of climate change are required to address more genetic variability. Besides this, unraveling the
genome repository of wild germplasm is imperative to the crop improvement program. To achieve this,
next-generation breeding technology appears to be convincing in improving crop responsiveness and
adaptability to climatic stresses by tracing the underlying alleles and genes/QTLs from diverse genetic
resources and their successful introgression into the new genetic background. Biotechnological approaches
have supplied fruitful results to plant breeders in enhancing multiple stress tolerance in crop plants.
Molecular breeding, genomics-assisted breeding, plummeting costs of high-throughput sequencing
techniques and advances in phenotyping platforms have completely transformed the scenario of plant
breeding. The importance of vegetables in human nutrition as well as ensuring global security cannot be
undermined. In view of this, the present article elaborates the prospects and progresses in biotechnological
approaches for enhancing climate resilience in vegetable crops. The emerging concepts and challenges
to minimize climate-induced risks and productivity-related losses to the farmers are also discussed.
Keywords: Biotechnology; Climate resilience; Genomics assisted breeding; MAS; Next-generation
sequencing; Pan-genomes; Phenomics; Artificial intelligence; Vegetables.

6.1.3 Innovations in Vegetable Breeding for Improving

Resilience towards Climate Change
Harshawardhan Choudhary and B. S. Tomar
Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi
Email: harshahit2001@yahoo.co.in

Nutritional requirement of human beings for good health, productivity and longevity are obtained from
various food systems. Among food crops, vegetables being rich sources of various health promoting
substances, especially vitamins, minerals, micronutrients, dietary fibres and other phytochemicals. They
offer unique advantage to nutrition security, tackle malnutrition and dietary deficiency diseases. High
yielding varieties and hybrids with novel traits have been developed which had enhanced the productivity
and ensured year round availability of many vegetables throughout the country. Climate change is one of
 Book of Abstracts 71

the most prominent global environmental problems, and evaluation of its impact on many production
sectors, including agriculture, is relevant. Major environmental challenges that humans are facing are
primarily due to climate change and the predicted future shortage of fossil fuels, e.g. in the agriculture
sector. Vegetable crops are supposed to have better resilience towards changing climate as diverse
varietal wealth and concerted efforts of breeding programme could lead to development of varieties with
improved tolerance to higher temperature and many diseases. Technology for year round cultivation of
cauliflower, carrot, radish and palak were developed by integrating suitable varietal development for
specific temperature regime as per seasonal variation along with standardized agronomical practices.
Developing shorter duration varieties of different vegetable crops as well as varieties suitable for different
seasons/maturity periods based on prevailing environmental temperature has ensured growing and supply
of vegetables almost round the year for many of them and helped in improving water productivity as
well. Of late, few varieties/hybrids of tomato, cucumber, bittergourd, melons have been specifically
designed and developed for protected cultivation where these are being grown under vertical system of
farming and accommodating 4 to 6 times higher number of plants per unit area and producing 8 to 10
times higher yield than open field and even their produce are available beyond the normal growing
season which helps farmer to realise better economic gain as well. At the same time a lot of input in
terms of water and nutrients are also saved due to its supply though drip irrigation/fertigation system.
Most of the high-yielding varieties of vegetable crops have been developed for maximizing yield under
irrigated conditions of enough water availability and many of these varieties do not possess suitable traits
for yield and productivity under drought or water-limited conditions. Stresses are always complex in
their nature and controlled by networks of different factors (e.g. genetic and environmental) that impede
crop plant breeding strategies as well. Recently, technological advances in functional genomics have
been made and they have helped to reveal the numerous gene families and processes that alter adaptation
to abiotic stresses and thereby improve yield. Biotechnological innovations and tools have been employed
to speed up the breeding programme. Increased selection efficiency through marker assisted breeding
(MAB) may be attained through early selection and screening plant population under variable disease
pressure or even without the occurrence of disease in the growing environment. Marker assisted selection
(MAS) has been successfully utilized for introgression of disease resistance genes and gene pyramiding
against leaf curl (Ty1, Ty2, Ty3), bacterial wilt, nematode and late blight diseases of tomato. Multiple
disease resistant varieties and hybrids with combined resistance against different diseases have been
developed by many institutions. Molecular markers have been developed for many resistance genes in
other crops as well like Fusarium wilt of melon, black rot of cauliflower. Genomic assisted breeding has
successfully utilized for incorporation of gynoecious trait in tropical Indian cucumber variety from
exotic cucumber lines which will improve its productivity. Molecular mapping of many important
horticultural traits involving Indian germplasm lines have been completed which will be useful for trait
specific breeding including fruit quality. Haploid breeding for development of inbreds in shorter time has
been utilized in snowball cauliflower and few hybrids could also be developed. It can be concluded that
many special traits have been incorporated in different vegetables to make them grow out of season,
having resistance against diseases and pest for growing safe vegetables by minimizing chemical use,
with enhanced shelf life and long distance transportation ability, better nutritional content, overall quality
and higher consumer acceptability and better adaptability to changing climate as well.
72 Book of Abstracts

6.1.4 Bio-technological Approaches for Resilience to

Climate Change in Sub-Tropical Fruits
Anju Bajpai
PS, CISH, Lucknow

6.1.5 Biotechnological Approaches for Improving

Horticulture Productivity
M. Feza Ahamad1, Rajni Rajan2
Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology)
1, 2

Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813 210, Bhagalpur, Bihar (India)

Email: feza@rediffmail.com

Over a few decades, technological developments have grown concomitantly. Advances in biotechnology
have been used as a tool to increase food production.Specifically, advances in genetic engineering have
made possible the manipulation of crops to increase production for the increasing world population.
Fruits are one of the major sources of vitamins, essential nutrients, antioxidants and fibres in human
diet. During the last two–three decades, genetic engineering methods based on the use of transgenes
have been successfully adopted to improve fruit plants and focused mainly on enhancement on tolerance
to biotic and abiotic stresses, increased fruit yield, improved post-harvest shelf life of fruit, reduced
generation time and production of fruit with higher nutritional value, edible vaccines etc. However, the
development of transgenic fruit plants and their commercialization are hindered by many regulatory and
social hurdles. One successful example is transgenic papaya expressing coat protein of papaya ring spot
virus (PRSV) against PRSV developing two cultivars ‘SunUp’ and ‘Rainbow’. Nowadays, for genetic
modification of plants new genetic engineering approaches i.e. cisgenesis or intragenesis receive increasing
interest. In this abstract, we attempt to summarize the recent progress achieved on the genetic engineering
in fruit plants and their applications in crop improvement for increasing production.
Keyword- production, transgenic, fruit, improvement etc.

6.2 Oral Presentation

6.2.1 Performance of F1C3 Potato clones in

West-Central Plain
Babita Chaudhary1*, S.K. Luthra1 and Dalamu2
ICAR –Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Modipuram, Meerut-250110, Uttar Pradesh
Email: babchaudhary4@gmail.com

Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) has established as one of the major food crop in India. The main reason
for this have been the improved varieties and technology developed by CPRI and the establishment of
the National seed production programme. West central plains accounts for about thirty five percent of
the total potato production of the country. The varietal requirement of this region is high yielding,
 Book of Abstracts 73

medium maturing (90-100) varieties possessing resistance to late blight and having good keeping quality.
The present study was conducted at experimental field of ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute,
Regional Station, Modipuram, Meerut during crop season of 2019-2020 to investigate the yield
performance of 80 genetically diverse F1 C3 clones of 18families. The material was planted in multiple
row trial (120 tuber trial) along with two check varieties namely, Kufri Bahar and Kufri Mohan at 90
days crop duration, significant differences among genotypes were recorded for tuber yield and tuber
attributes like plant vigour (1-5 scale), foliage maturity (1-5 scale), specific gravity and tuber matter
(%). At harvest, based on tuber yield and desirable tuber attributes. 18 promising clones of 11 families
were selected. Among the 18 clones selected, four clones namely, MS/17-1055 (43 t/ha), MS/17-379
(40 t/ha), MS/17-379 (40 t/ha) and MS/17-739 (38 t/ha) were top yielder as compared t check Kufri
Bahar (38 t/ha) but lower than the check Kufri Mohan (49 t/ha). The high specific gravity and tuber dry
matter (%) were recorded in five clones namely, MS/17-198 (1.088 and 22.02%), MS/17-629 (1.068
and 1834%). MS/17-621 (1.068 and 17.88%), MS/17-739 (1.064 and 17.04%) and MS/17-975 (1.064
and 16.93%) the further evaluation of these clones would help to identify suitable varieties for sub-
tropical plains of India accounting nearly 90& area of the country.

6.2.2 Evaluation of Papaya lines for PRSV

Tolerance and Horticultural Traits
*G. K. Mahapatro, Swati Saha# and K. Chandrashekar
ICAR - IARI Regional Station, Pune, Maharashtra
#Corresponding author: swatisaha1980@gmail.com
*Head:gagan_gk@rediffmail.com

Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) is one of the major impediments in papaya cultivation, which recorded
yield loss ranging from 80-100%; and has threatened commercial cultivation across the globe. The
various options for managing viral diseases are vector management, planting in areas with negligible/less
virus-inoculum, rogueing, and host-plant resistance. Vector control for managing PRSV is not an economic
viable option. The transient aphid-vector acquires and transmits the virus within seconds. The popular
hybrid variety (Red Lady) with red fleshed has good market demand but at the same time, it is highly
susceptible to PRSV. Till date, there is no conventional variety resistant/tolerant to PRSV as well as with
red/pink flesh variety. ICAR-IARI Regional Station, Pune has come up with some papaya lines viz., PS-
1, PS-2, PS-3 & PS-5 tolerant to PRSV. ThesePS lines are showing consistently tolerance to PRSV
(from 2014-2021).Over the years the disease intensity was less than 30%in all PS-lines and among them
Pune Selection-5 showed the least (15.43%). The yields of Pune Selection lines persistently showed
higher yields in comparison to the commercial check (Red Lady) and local check (Phule Vijaya).Under
severe stress condition and disease pressure PS-lines yielded more than the commercial check ‘Red
Lady’ as well as other varieties like Pusa Nanha and Phule Vijaya. Pune Selection-3 is pink fleshed line
with TSS ranging from 9 to 11° Brix depending upon the season of harvest. PS-lines can well be used
for biennial crop cycle; and harvest is for both table and vegetable purpose. All these lines have been
registered with Plant Germ-plasm Registration Committee, NBPGR, New Delhi.Therefore, these lines
are suitable for table, culinary as well as for industrial purposes; and advocate to take up these lines for
commercial cultivation.
Keywords: Papaya, pink flesh, PRSV, tolerance, yield
74 Book of Abstracts

6.2.3 Studies on Evaluation of Chilli (Capsicum chinense

Jacq.) Genotypes with High Yield and Capsaicin for
Industrial Purpose.
H. Usha Nandhini Devi and L. Pugalendhi

Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Email:drushajana@rediffmail.com

The Capsicum genus is native to tropical Central and South America and comprises 27 species, though
only five of these are domesticated viz., Capsicum annuum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum pubescens,
Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum baccatum. Among these, Capsicum annuum with its diversity of market
types of pungent and non-pungent fruits is the most widely commercially cultivated worldwide. Capsicum
fruits are grown mainly for use as a fresh vegetable (hot and sweet peppers), for drying as spice (paprika,
chilli powder), for extraction of food colourings and flavourings, and extraction of other compounds for
medicinal or industrial uses. The present investigation was carried out using six genotypes of chilli (Capsicum
chinense Jacq.) during 2020-21 to evaluate the genotypes for yield and capsaicin content to suit the
industrial purpose. The study was conducted at the College orchard, Dept. of Vegetable Science, Horticultural
College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment was
conducted in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The genotypes included CC-CBE-001,
CC-CBE-002, CC-CBE-003, CC-CBE-004, CC-CBE-005 and CC-CBE-006. Observations on biometric,
yield and quality parameters viz., Plant height (cm),number of branches per plant, days to first flowering,
days to 50% flowering, number of fruits per plant, average green fruit weight (g), average dry fruit weight
(g),single fruit weight (g),fruit length (cm),fruit girth (cm),fresh fruit yield/plant (g), dry fruit yield/plant
(g), capsaicin content (SHU), capsanthin content (ASTA colour value) and oleoresin content (%) were
recorded. Among the genotypes evaluated, CC-CBE-003 was the earliest to flower (27.5) and the days to
50% flowering were 32.75. The highest plant height (171.67cm) and the number of branches per plant
(5.47) were recorded in the genotype CC-CBE-003. Similarly the maximum number of fruits per plant
(262.20) and the highest fresh fruit yield per plant (620.37 g) was recorded in CC-CBE-003. The highest
capsaicin content (170264 SHUs) was found in the genotype CC-CBE-003. The capsaicin content of
commercially cultivated Capsicum annum ranges between 15,000 to 20,000SHU. Since the capsaicin
content recorded in the present study is high, it can be concluded that the genotype CC-CBE-003 with
highest capsaicin content and oleoresin content can be recommended for industrial application.
Keywords: Capsicum chinense - biometric, - yield and quality parameters - industrial application

6.2.4 Breeding for Improved Yield in Bottle Gourd

A K. Singh and P. Bhavana
ICAR, Research Complex for Eastern Region
FSRCHPR, Ranchi-10 (Jharkhand), India
Email: aksingh171162@rediffmail.com

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) is a widely cultivated crop of the gourd family Cucurbitaceae.
Bottle gourd is mostly grown in tropical parts of the world for its tender fruits. It is a creeping vine
 Book of Abstracts 75

which is grown in both rainy and summer seasons. This species represents the largest variation in fruit
shape and fruit size due to thousands of years of selection in isolated areas. Preference for certain
shapes and sizes resulted in reduction in trait variation in bottle gourd. Plant breeders rely on genetic
diversity to improve yield. It is important to discover more genetic diversity, in order to identify cultivars
which can be used by plant breeders for bottle gourd improvement. Also, the yield and fruit quality are
seriously affected by fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp. lagenariae. A local collection
HABOG-38 showed resistance to fusarium wilt with photo insensitiveness, high yielding and cylindrical
fruits. Therefore, to improve the fruit yield this line HABOG-38 was used as female parent in cross with
Swarna Sneha, which showed moderate resistance to fusarium wilt. F1 was cylindrical fruit shape with
wilt resistance and individual plant selection was followed. Three F4 segregants with wilt resistance
were selected having different fruit shapes. Thus, the genetic diversity of land races can be utilized for
the improvement of bottle gourd.
Keywords: bottle gourd, fusarium wilt

6.2.5 Biotechnological Interventions for Oil Palm

(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Crop Improvement
B. Kalyana Babu*, R. K. Mathur, G. Ravichandran, B. Susanthi, M. V. B. Venu
P. Anitha, H. P. Bhagya
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi-534 450, West Godavari (Dt)
Andhra Pradesh, India.
*E-mail: kalyan_biotek@yahoo.co.in, B.Babu@icar.gov.in

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) contributes nearly 40 percent in production of edible vegetable oil
throughout the world. Oil palm is a highly heterogeneous crop and to achieve homogeneous and improved
yield parameters, in-vitro somatic embryogenesis is very much required. For the first time, institute
developed a robust in-vitro regeneration protocol in oil palm. The results showed that it is highly dependent
on genotype and also auxin concentrations. High callusing percentage was obtained with Y3 media in
comparison to MS and N6 media. Genomics approaches helps in improvement of several crops like oil
palm. We developed first microsatellite database of oil palm, OpSatdb, using PHP and MySQL database.
It is simple and systematic web based search engine for searching SSRs based on repeat motif type,
repeat type, and primer details. Identified SNP based markers for sterility trait in dura germplasm through
genotyping by sequencing method. These SNP markers are able to clearly differentiate the sterile and
fertile dura germplasm. We also identified SNP based molecular markers for SHELL gene which are able
to differentiate oil palm fruit forms at early stage and SSR marker for dwarf trait. At present we are
focussing on genomic selection model development in strengthening our molecular breeding programmes
for selection of high oil yield and oil quality parameters at early stage to reduce the breeding cycle.
Keywords: Oil Palm, in-vitro somatic embryo genesis, genotyping by sequencing, SSRs, genomic
selection
76 Book of Abstracts

6.2.6 Marker Assisted Selection of Dwarf Traits in Oil

Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
H. P. Bhagya, R.K. Mathur, B. Kalyana Babu, G. Ravichandran, and P. Anitha
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godavari District
Abndhra Pradesh, India
Email: Bhagya.HP@icar.gov.in

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is perennial vegetable oil yielding crop with high oil yield as compared
to other annual oil yielding crops. Due to perennial nature, this crop can stand for more than 25 years
and harvesting of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) will be done fortnightly interval. Harvesting is major problem
due to more height of the palm. Upto 15 years harvesting can be done through chisel and pole attached
with sickle and the height of the palm reached more than 20 feet, pole harvesting is also very difficult for
balancing pole. To solve the harvesting problem in oil palm, we can go for mechanization in harvesting
FFB, but this is not a permanent solution. Marker assisted selection can give solution for identification
dwarf genotypes and by this we can develop dwarf hybrids by reducing breeding cycle of oil palm by
early detection through SSR markers. In germplasm block, we have recorded height of the palm and
categorised into 3 categories based on annual height increment i.e. dwarf (<30 cm), medium height
increment (30-45 cm) and tall (>30 cm). By using this data, identified SSR markers and these markers
were used for further utilization in breeding programme. The marker was identified based on bulk
segregants analysis, association mapping and bioinformatics analysis and the marker was located in
chromosome 14. This will ultimately leads to rapid breeding and developing dwarf hybrids, ease of
harvesting and economic life span of plantation can extend for another10 years.

6.2.7 Mapping of Quantitative Trait loci (QTLs) for

Bunch Traits using SSRs in African Oil Palm
(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Anitha Pedapati *, B. Kalyana Babu, R. K. Mathur, G. Ravichandran, H. P. Bhagya
and M. V. B. Venu
ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi-534450, West Godavari Dt.
Andhra Pradesh New Delhi-110012, India
Email:anita.pedapati@gmail.com

Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) is also known as golden palm, the largest vegetable oil yielding perennial
crop (4-6 t oil/ha/ year). One acre of oil palm plantation is able to produce up to ten times more oil than
other leading oilseed crops. Large gap exists between availability and actual utilization of the oil palm
germplasm. Extensive use of fewer and closely related parents in oil palm crop improvement could
result in inbreeding depression and narrow genetic base. The evaluation and characterization of existing
oil palm germplasm have resulted in identification of genetically diverse trait-specific germplasm lines
meeting the needs of oil palm breeders for use in developing high yielding cultivars with a broad genetic
base. Oil yield is the most important trait for oil palm production and increasing yield is the primary goal
for improving trait specific oil palm. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been mapped to study oil yield-
related traits in oil palm. A total of 50 progeny lines from 44 CD x 435 CD were used for genotyping and
 Book of Abstracts 77

phenotyping and also for identification of QTLs of important traits. Whole genome wide 458 microsatellite
markers were used for linkage mapping studies in oil palm for important bunch parameters. One QTL
for bunch number, two for Oil to dry mesocarp and one for oil to wet mesocarp were identified on
chromosome one. Highly significant QTL was identified for Oil to dry mesocarp at an LOD value of 13,
which explains 4% phenotypic variance. The ultimate goal is to identify QTL and closely linked markers
that can be used for molecular breeding to improve oil palm oil yield production.

6.2.8 Performance of Ajwain (Trachyspermumammi L.)

Genotypes for Growth and Seed Yield in Different
Locations Across the Country
S. S.Meena*, Y.K.Sharma and M.D.Meena
ICAR- National Research Centre on Seed Spices,
Tabiji, Ajmer- 305206, Rajasthan, India
E-mail:ssmnrcss5@yahoo.com

Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) also known as Bishop’s weed is an annual herbaceous plant belonging
to family Apiaceae bearing grayish brown fruits. The major ajwain producing countries are India, Persia,
Iran, Egypt, Afghanistan, Pakistan and North Africa. Thirteen ajwain genotypes were evaluated for
various plant growths, seed yield attributing traits and essential oil content during 2016-17 to 2018-2019
at six (Hissar, Guntur, Jobner, Jagudan & Faizabad) AICRP centres including ICAR-NRCSS, Ajmer,
India. The significant differences were obtained for all the parameters studied. Plant height ranged from
118.8-121.1 cm, number of primary branches 18.0-18.8, umbels per plant 265.6-298.8, umbellate per
umbel 24.0-27.4 and seeds umbellate 19.0-19.5. On the basis of mean seed yield (1652.45 kg/ha.) of
three years (2016-17 to 2018-2019) at ICAR-NRCSS,Ajmer, the maximum seed yield was recorded as
1652.45 kg/ha in AA-73 followed by IA-1(1406.91 kg/ha) showing an increase of 88.06 & 57.03 %
higher seed yield over Ajmer Ajwain -2 and Ajmer Ajwain -1 (checks),respectively.Seeds of AA-73
contains 9.15% total oil and 6.38% essential oil which is higher (39.26 and 17.27 percent respectively)
as compared to Ajmer Ajwain-2, national check.
Key words: Ajwain, Genotypes, Essential oil, Growth parameters, Seed yield
78 Book of Abstracts

6.2.9 Screening of Turmeric Germplasm for Resistance

to Rhizomerot, Leaf Spot and Leaf Blotch Diseases
under Field Conditions
Ch. Ruth1, K. Gopal2, C. B. Srinivasulu3 and K. Swarajalakshmi4
1
Professor and Head, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta
Dr. YSR Horticultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Registrar, Dr. YSR Horticultural University, (Andhra Pradesh), India.
3
Associate Dean, College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Dr. YSR Horticultural University
(Andhra Pradesh), India.
4
Professor and Head, Department of Postharvest Technology, College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta,
Dr. YSR Horticultural University, (Andhra Pradesh), India

Field trials were conducted with 88 turmeric varieties and germplasm lines to screen against rhizome
rot, leaf spot and leaf blotch diseases during 2017-18. Under field conditions, out of 28 short turmeric
lines screened, 4 lines viz, Dhindigam, IC-420606, IC-319341, PTS-8 were found resistant to rhizome
rot disease which showed 0.0% disease incidence. IC-211402, IC-181919 were found susceptible to
rhizome rot disease.One short duration variety T. Sundar found resistant to leaf spot disease whichshowed
0.0% incidence. Ennachand, IC-332957 (2.55), IC-416941 (9.55) and Kasturi Anidi (16.54) showed
moderately resistant reaction to leaf spot. Five short duration varieties viz., TenaliKasturi, GS, NB 60,
IC-033007 showed 0.0% resistance against leaf blotch. Dhindigam (5.58), IC-420606 (2.54) and PTS-
8 (5.54) were moderately resistant to leaf blotch.Under field conditions, out of 21 medium turmeric
varieties screened, Ochira variety was found resistant to rhizome rot disease and showed 0.00% disease
incidence. One medium duration variety CLI-317 was found resistant which showed 0.0% leaf spot
disease. Pratibha, BSR-2, TCP-129, Rajpuri, RH-80 and PTS-55 were moderately resistant to rhizome
rot disease.BSR-2, Rajpuri, CLI-325, CLI-335, Rashmi, Ochira, RH-80, KTS-6 and KTS-7 were found
to be resistant to leaf blotch which showed 0.00 infection.Out of 39 long duration turmeric lines screened,
5 varieties - CL-9,Ranga, Salem-2, CL-8 and KTS-9 found resistant to rhizome rot disease which
showed 0.00% infection.CL-9, Wagon and Roma were found resistant to leaf spot disease which showed
0.00% infection. Chintapalli local -2, Vontimitta, Duggirala, CL-11, CL-17, CL-5, North East C. amada,
Wynad Local, KTS-9 and KTS-8 were found resistant to leaf blotch disease which showed 0.00%
infection. Wagon (17.58%), CL-2 (35.77%), PTS-38 (49.55%) were found susceptible to leaf blotch
disease. Highest yield was recorded in Short duration variety – Tenali Kasturi (25.21t/ha), medium
duration variety -BSR-2 (22.42t/ha) and long duration variety – KTS-8 (27.39 t/ha)) and Salem (25.10
t/ha).
Keywords: Turmeric, screening, rhizome rot, leaf spot, leaf blotch
 Book of Abstracts 79

6.2.10 Evaluation of Garden Pea: its Proximate

Composition and Physiochemical Properties
Analyzed by New Technology
Mamta Rathore1 and H. G. Prakash
Project Fellow1, P.I. CAAST-NC2,
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email: mamtacsa@gmail.com

Legumes in the Fabaceae family are the second most important crops after cereals. The common pea
(Pisum sativum L.), including field pea and garden pea, is one of the oldest domesticated crops, cultivated
for either human foods or livestock feeds. Pea plants can tolerate low temperatures during germination
and growth and their cultivation provides an excellent cool season alternative for regions not suitable for
soybean or bean production. The garden pea is mainly consumed as a green vegetable with its immature
pods and seeds, whereas the field pea is marketed as dry grains and dominates global pea production and
commercial pea products. Several market classes of field pea, such as yellow, green, marrowfat, and
maple pea, are available in world pea markets. Since field pea and garden pea have significant differences
in their genotypes, harvest stages and final products, this review mainly covers the recent research
progress on protein composition, properties and utilization of field pea. Field pea is one of the most
important leguminous crops over the world. Pea protein is a relatively new type of plant proteins and has
been used as a functional ingredient in global food industry. Pea protein includes four major classes
(globulin, albumin, prolamin and glutelin) in which globulin and albumin are major storage proteins in
pea seeds. Globulin is soluble in salt solutions and can be further classified into legumin and vicilin.
Albumin is soluble in water and regarded as metabolic and enzymatic proteins with cytosolic functions.
Pea protein has a well-balanced amino acid profile with high level of lysine. The composition and
structure of pea protein, as well as the processing conditions, significantly affect its physical and
chemical properties, such as hydration, rheological characteristics, and surface characteristics. With its
availability, low cost, nutritional values and health benefits, pea protein can be used as a novel and
effective alternative to substitute for soybean or animal proteins in functional food applications.
Keywords: Protein content, amino acid, functional property etc.

6.2.11 Evaluation of Fenugreek Genotypes for

Leafy Purpose
B. Tanuja Priya, K. Giridhar and C. Sarada
AICRP on Spices
Horticultural Research Station, Dr. YSRHU, Lam
Email: tpriyahort@gmail.com

Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) is an annual plant belongs to the family Leguminosae. Since ancient
times, green leaves of fenugreek are consumed as foodstuff in view of its medicinal value. Leaves contain
about 86.1% moisture, 4.4% protein, 0.9% fat, 1.5% minerals, 1.1% fiber, and 6% carbohydrates. The
mineral and vitamins in leaves include calcium, zinc, iron, phosphorous, riboflavin, carotene,
thiamine, niacin and vitamin C. Hence, exploration of fenugreek germplasm lines for its suitability to leafy
80 Book of Abstracts

purpose is essential. A total of 60 accessions collected from various parts of the country were evaluated for
leaf yield and its attributes at HRS, LAM, Guntur during Rabi season of the year 2021-22. The accession
LFG-7 recorded highest fresh yield at 7 and 14 DAS followed by LFG-2. The highest shoot length, root
length, leaf length and width were also recorded with the accession LFG-7. The accession LFG-7 recorded
15.34% higher yield than the check variety (HisarSonali).
Keywords: Fenugreek, germplasm evaluation, leaf purpose

6.2.12 Evaluation of Promising Coriander

Genotypes for Yield and Quality
K. Giridhar, B. Tanuja Priya, N. Hariprasad Rao and C. Sarada
AICRP on Spices, Horticultural Research Station, Dr. YSRHU, Lam
Email: gkalidasu@yahoo.com

Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual plant belongs to the family Apiaceae. Coriander occupies
a prime position among various seed spices grown in India.It is mainly cultivated for the seeds (fruits)
that contain essential oil, fatty acids, coumarins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Availability of diversified
varieties in market is essential for growers and traders for revenue generation. In view of this, the
present study of varietal evaluation on coriander was conducted for three years(2018-21) with 19
entries viz., COR-174, COR-175, COR-176, COR-177, COR-178, COR-179, COR-180, COR-181,
COR-182, COR-183, COR-184, COR-185, COR-186, COR-187, COR-188, COR-189, COR-190, COR-
191, COR-192 and one check variety Susthira.
The pooled data indicated that the highest plant height (cm), number of primary branches, number of
secondary branches, umbel per plant, umbellets per umbel, number of seeds per umbellet, number of
seeds per umbel and seed yield (kg/ha) were recorded with entries COR-189, COR-174, COR-190,
COR-190, COR-174, COR-190, COR-179 and COR-185 respectively. It was also observed that 28.5
percent increase in yield was recorded with variety COR-185 over check, exhibiting the suitability for
cultivation in Andhra Pradesh. Among the entries, highest essential oil content was recorded in Susthira
(0.60 % v/w).
Keywords: coriander, varietal evaluation, suitability, Andhra Pradesh

6.2.13 Inducing Variability through Physical And

Chemical Mutagens and Screening of Mutants in
Gladiolus Cultivar Prince of Orange
Sheeba Belwal, Ranjan Srivastava, B.D. Bhuj, Ajit Kumar, Satish Chand
Swapnil Bharti and Ranjeet Singh
Department of Horticulture
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145 Uttarakhand
Email: sheebabelwal821gmail.com

The present investigation was carried out in the Model Floriculture centre of the university to induce/
release genetic variability and to isolate desirable mutants in the commercial gladiolus cultivar Prince of
 Book of Abstracts 81

Orange. The standard size corms of were treated with different doses of gamma radiations (4.0 to 5.5
Kr) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) (0.2 to 0.6% for 6 hours). The EMS treated corms were
thoroughly washed with distilled water and dried under shade before planting. The gamma radiation
facility of RITL, CBSH College was utilized. The treated corms were planted immediately after the
exposure with mutagen. The crop was raised under uniform and standard cultural practices in the
gladiolus block. The results envisaged a reduction in survival percentage of plants with higher doses of
gamma rays. The gamma irradiation showed an inhibitory effect on vegetative characters such as plant
height, number, length and width of leaves. The early flowering and increment in blooming duration
were recorded at 4.5 and 5.5 Kr with a few mutants showing colour modifications. The number of
tillers increased with increased doses of gamma rays whereas number and size of floret, spike length,
rachis length, vase life, weight and size of corms and cormels were reduced. With increased concentration
of EMS, an increase in plant height was obtained over control, with ethe tallest plant height, spike length,
and rachis length recorded at EMS (0.6%). Moreover, more tt(#<. lodging resistance was obtained as
the EMS doses were advanced. However a decrease in survival percentage was obtained with the
increment in the doses. As many as 09 mutants have been obtained which will be studied for stability in
vM2 and subsequent generations

6.3 Poster Presentations

6.3.1 Assessment of High Yielding Varieties of Mustard

through Front Line Demonstration in District Hathras
S. R. Singh and A. K. Singh
Krishi Vigyan. Kendra, Hathras (U.P)
Email:: drsrsingh0@gmail.com

Assessment of Front Line Demonstration on Mustard Crop in Hathras District of Uttar Pradesh. The
domestic requirement of oil seed had been manifold of a modern livening standard which has been
fulfilled through the import that lead to imbalance the Indian economy. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the influence of mustard varieties and year of production in relation of weather condition on
seed yields, oil content and its quality with a focus on human nutrition value through a field study carried
at three different locations in Hathras. The seed yield was significantly affected by the year of production
the location and the variety. The environmental factors that negatively affected seed yield are temperature
in summer, water shortage, wet and cold soil in spring. The highest seed yield reached at mid-heavy soil
in the region with lower precipitation amount.R.H-749 would we recommendable for Hathras environmental
condition. R.H.-749 variety gave the significantly highest oil yield.
82 Book of Abstracts

6.3.2 Genetic Variability, Heritability and Correlation

Coefficient in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
S. P. Sachan, K. P. Singh, D. P. Singh and Rajiv
Department of Vegetable Science
C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email: koshendra63@gmail.com

An experiment was carried out to study about 10 diverse genotypes of cucumber during the year of
2019-20. The investigation was conducted at vegetable Research Farm of Department of Vegetable
Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P. The spacing was maintained
at 2.5 m x 0.40 m with the plot size 2.5 m x 4.0 m. The experiment was carried out under Randomised
Block Design. The experiment material viz. CoE 19-1, CoE 19-2, CoE 19-3, CoE 19-4, CoE 19-5, CoE
19-6, CoE 19-7, CoE 19-8, CoE 19-9 and Kalyanpur green. All the genotypes were maintained at
Vegetable Research Station, Kalyanpur, Kanpur. Eleven characters of cucumber were observed viz.
Days to male flower opening, days to female flower opening, first fruit set knot, length of fruit (cm),
girth of fruit (cm), average fruit weight (gm), number of fruits per plant, length of main branch (cm),
number of leaves per plant, fruit yield (gm) and crop duration in days. Significant differences were
recorded for all the traits and according to the present investigation, it may be concluded that wide range
of variation were found in cucumber strain for all the traits studied. COE 19-1 is found highly significant
for most of the traits viz. Days to female flower opening, First fruit set knot, length of fruit, number of
fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and crop duration in days.

6.3.3 Studies on Varietal Trial with Different

Genotypes of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Suraj Katiyar, P. K. Singh, R. B. Singh, Ram Pyare, H. V. Dube and R. K. Pal
Department of Vegetable Science,
C.S Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email.Suraj.katiyar9450@gmail.com

A field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm Kalyanpur, Chandra Shekhar Azad
University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh during the Rabi season. Nine genotypes
i.e. RVB20-02, RVB20-04, RVB20-06, RVB20-08, RVB20-10, RVB20-011, RVB20-013, RVB20-15&
RVB20-17 were used with three Replication of Randomized Block design (RBD). The character were
taken Bolting %, Neck thickness (cm), marketable & total yield (q/ha.), average bulb weight(gm), total
soluble solid (%), days taken to maturity and days to harvesting. The highest total & Marketable yield
(213.5 q/ha & 190.75 q/ha) were recorded in genotype RVB 20-15 followed by RVB 20-13 (211.00 q/ha
& 188.75 q/ha) respectively. The minimum Total & Marketable yield (180.75 q/ha & 166.58 q/ha) were
recorded in genotypes RVB 20-08. The minimum bulb rotting percentage (3.93%) were found in genotypes
RVB20-15 and highest total soluble solid percent (12.84%) were found in RVB 20-11. The above genotypes
will be use of making crosses for the highest yield and TSS.
 Book of Abstracts 83

6.3.4 Adoption Level of Improved

Varieties of Vegetables
J. L. Gupta**, S. K. Vishwakarma*, P. K. Bisen**, Sanjay Singh**, Mohd. Suhail**
and N. K. Tripathi**
* Senior Scientist and Head, ** Scientists, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Lakhimpur Kheri-I, C.S.A.
Univ.of Agricture and Technology. Kanpur

The district Lakhimpur Kheri falls in the tarai region of Uttar Pradesh where sugarcane is the most
prominent growing crop, still farmers grow vegetables viz. cow pea, okra, tomato, potato, brinjal, and
seasonal cucurbits to consume as well as to sell. In this regard to measure the varietal adoption of
improved varieties of vegetables in the district of Lakhimpur Kheri, a sample of 100 farmers was
collected randomly with a structured schedule method from the villages of Kumbhi, Bankeyganj and
Phoolbehed blocks in the year 2020-21. These vegetable growers were having different size of lands.
After the analysis of the collected data, it was revealed that 73 per cent farmers grew newly released
varieties ( within 3 years ) among them 17 per cent changed their varieties with a new ones to enhance
their vegetable production in per unit areas.

6.3.5 Varietal Performance of Table Potato

(Solanumtuberosum. L)in the central UP
A. K. Yadav, H. V. Dube, Ram Pyare, P. K. Singh
Suraj Katiyar and R. K. Pal
Department of Vegetable Science
C.S Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email: drakyadav1977@gmail.com

The suitability of crop varieties in a particular location determines the productivity of crops. A field
experiment was conducted from October to February 2019-20 & 2020-21 at Vegetable Research Farm
Kalyanpur, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur to evaluate the growth
and productivity of potato varieties. The treatments were arranged in Randomised Block Design (RBD)
with 5 replications and seven potato varieties were used viz. K. Bahar, K. Khyati, K. Pukhraj, K. Lima,
K. Ganga, K. Mohan and K. Surya evaluated yield and related characters i.e., plant emergence, plant
height, no. of shoots/plant, foliage senescence percent, tuber dry matter percentage under central zone
of Uttar Pradesh conditions. The results revealed that the highest total & marketable tuber yield was
produced by K. Mohan (48.63 t/ha & 41.16 t/ha) followed by K. Khyati (48.06 t/ha & 40.51t/ha), tuber
dry matter percentage were found in K. Surya 20.50 % followed by K. Pukhraj 19.03 %. Therefore,
variety K. Mohan in respect to higher growth as well as productivity of potato is recommended for
farmer’s based on present field experimentation.
84 Book of Abstracts

6.3.6 Genetic Divergence and Selection of Genotypes in

Bottle Gourd (Lagenariasiceraria)
I. N. Shukla, Harish Chandra and P. K. Tiwari
Department of Vegetable Science, C. S. A. U. Agri. & Tech., Kanpur

Genetic divergence studies were performed for eight characters in bottle gourd (Lagenariasiceraria)
based on 40 diverse genotypes which were grown on Vegetable Research Farm, Kalyanpur, C. S. A. U.
Agri. & Tech., Kanpurduring spring season of 1915. All the genotypes were sown in single row of 3m
long spaced at 3.0 m x 50cm planting distance in randomized compact block design replicated thrice. All
the recommended package and practices were adopted to raise a good crop. The data recorded on five
randomly selected plants for eight characters viz. days to first male flowering, number of branches,
length of vine, days to first female flowering, weight fruit per plot single fruits weight number of fruit
per plot and fruit yield per plant. The genetic analysis was done using Mahalanobis’s D2 and Rao (1952).
The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences of all the characters under study. All the
genotype were grouped in five diverse clusters, One contain maximum 13 genotypes followed by
cluster III (9), cluster II (8) and cluster IV (7) while cluster V had only three genotypes respectively.
The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and V followed by I & II indicating
broad spectrum of diversity The lowest inter cluster distance between II & IV followed by I & III
showed close relationship, hence not suitable for hybridization programme. Cluster III exhibited maximum
mean value of cluster mean of weight of single fruit days of male and female flower and number of fruit
per plot which were desirable for these characters and strains suitable for hybridization programme for
improvement of these traits. Cluster V showed maximum mean value of cluster mean of weight of
single fruit, day’s male & female flowers, number of fruit per plot which were desirable for these
characters and strains suitable for hybridization programme for improving these traits. Cluster II showed
maximum mean value of cluster mean for weight of single fruit, days of male and female flower which
were desirable for these characters and strains suitable for hybridization programme for improvement
of these traits.

6.3.7 Performance Evaluation of Different Varieties of

Tomato’s at Farmer’s Fields of Aligarh District of
Uttar Pradesh
Sudhir Kumar1 and Ashraf Ali Khan2
1.National Agriculture Research Centre, Kalai, Aligarh
2.Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Aligarh
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email: aali_khan@rdiffmail.com

An on- farm trail was conducted in district Aligarh of Uttar Pradesh during 2020 and 2021 to compare
the production potential and Economics of four varieties of tomato viz. Pusa Hybrid-2, Pusa Hybrid8,
Arka Rakshak, Arka Abhijit against Pusa Ruby (Local check) at farmers field under by Krishi Vigyan
Kendra Aligarh and National Agriculture Research Centre, Kalai, Aligarh. Data collected were average
fruit weight, fruit shelf life and fruit yield/ha. The mean data of all the observations over two years were
 Book of Abstracts 85

pooled and statistically analysed. The results of the trial revealed that highest fruit weight (92.50g), shelf
life (16.5 days ) and fruit yield (75.60t/ha) were recrded of variety Arka Rakshak, followed by Arka
Abhijit fruit weight 68.50g, and fruit yield 62.80t/ha whereas shelf life of Pusa Hybrid-8 was observed
12.5 days. Fruit weight of Arka Abhijit and Pusa Hybrid-8 were found statistically at par with each other.
Maximum fruit yield and production efficiency was recorded in Arka Rakshak followed by Arka Abhijit)
compared with local check “Pusa Ruby” with minimum fruit weight (62.15g), and minimum fruit yield
29.60t/ha. Gross income (Rs. 353500.00/ha), net profit (Rs.231560.00 /ha), B:C ratio (3.40) were
found highest for Arka Rakshak in comparison with Local Check.

6.3.8 Studies on Genetic Variability Correlation and

Path Analysis in Brinjal (Solenum melongena L)
P. K. Tiwari, I. N. Shukla, Rajiv and Rishabh Tiwari

Department of Vegetable Science

C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur

An experiment on genetic variability correlation and path analysis in brinjal (Solenum melongena L)” was
conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science of C.S. Azad University of
Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during Kharif season of 2020-21 to evaluate the 50 genotypes of
brinjal in RBD with three replications for yield. The observation were based on eleven characters viz.
plant height, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first picking, fruiting span,
number of fruits per plant and fruit yield (q/ha). The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than
genotype coefficient of variation. The PCV was observed high for the average fruit weight followed by
average fruit yield per plant and average fruit per plant. All the character under study showed high value
of heritability. Genetic advance was also high for character like fruit diameter while moderate value was
shown by fruit length, number of branches per plant and plant height. Characters like plant height,
number of branches for plant, days to first picking, fruiting span, number of fruits per plant, fruit length
and average fruit weight exhibited high significant positive correlation with average fruit yield per plant.
Study of path coefficient analysis revealed that the all characters like plant height, number of branches
per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first picking, fruiting span, number of fruits per plant, fruit
length and average fruit weight exhibited positive direct effect on average fruit yield per plant while fruit
diameter showed negative direct effect on average fruit yield per plant. Analysis of genetic divergence
by D2 grouped the 50 genotypes of 8 clusters. Out of them, cluster 1 has maximum number of genotype
(9), followed by cluster 3(8) and cluster 2,4 and 6 (7 each). The cluster 5,7 and 8 had 4 genotypes each.
Cluster 1 has shown maximum inter cluster distance with cluster 8, followed by cluster 7 and 6 and
cluster 2 has shown maximum inter cluster distance with cluster 8, followed by cluster 7 and cluster 6.
The maximum intra cluster distance was shown by cluster 7, followed by cluster 8.
86 Book of Abstracts

6.3.9 Evaluation of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Genotypes

for Yield and its Contributing Trails
P. K. Singh, Suraj Katiyar, R. B. Singh, Ram Pyare, R. K. Pal and A. K.Yadav
Department of Vegetable Science,
C.S Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email.: pksingh@csauk.ac.in

Twenty six different germplasm of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were evaluated for yield and yield parameters
at Vegetable Research Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kalyanpur,
Kanpur (U.P.) during 2019-20 & 2020-21.Yield parameters like plant height, no of leaves/plant, leaf
length, leaf width, pseudo stem length, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, no. of cloves, avg. bulb
weight and avg. weight of 10 cloves, total soluble solid, total yield and marketable yield were recorded
in both years. It was observed that KLG-19 gave maximum total & marketable yield (99.0 q/ha & 92.0
q/ha) respectively, followed by (89.0 q/ha& 83.0 q/ha) in KLG-10. The minimum total& marketable
yield (42.0 q/ha & 38.0 q/ha) was recorded in genotypes KLG-17. All the characters were significantly
correlated to yield parameters except plant height (44.40 cm), no. of leaves/plant (7.55), leaf length
(27.52 cm), pseudo stem length (10.65 cm), polar diameter (3.0 cm), equatorial diameter (3.20 cm),
no. of cloves (26.40), avg. bulb weight (29.50 gm) and average weight of 10 cloves 12.50 gm. On the
basis of present findings KLG-19 in respect to higher growth as well as productivity of garlic is
recommended for farmer’s based on present field experimentation.

6.3.10 Performance of Banana Genotypes Under

Gangetic Alluvial Zone of West Bengal
F. K. Bauri and D. K. Misra
ICAR-AICRP Fruits, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,
Mohnur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India

Performance of banana genotypes under Gangetic alluvial zone of West Bengal were conducted to
evaluate the growth, yield, quality and biotic stresses during 2002-2021 in the experimental field of
ICAR-AICRP on Fruits, Mohanpur of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya under the Gangetic alluvial
zone of West Bengal. In present study 159 banana germplasm (elite clones, land races, primitive, reference
cultivars and hybrids) of different genomic groups {AA, AB, BB, AAA, AAB, ABB (Dessert), ABB
(Cooking), AAAA, AAAB, and AABB} were evaluated for two successive planting as Plant Crop (PC)
and first Ratoon Crop (RC-I). All the plants under investigation were subjected to uniform cultural
practices. 10kg FYM and full of phosphate were applied as basal in the pit. The fertilizer dose was NPK
@ 300:50:350g/plant. Ridge and furrow method of irrigation was applied. Weeding, earthing up and
plant protection measures were taken as per recommendations of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya.
Observation were recorded on growth, crop duration, yield and quality characters under twelve parameters
like height, girth, leaves/plant at shooting, days to shooting and bunch harvest, crop duration, bunch
weight, yield, hands/bunch, fingers/bunch, finger weight and TSS were estimated. Data were analyzed
following the standard procedure. In genomic groups of AA and AB plant growth and yield were observed
to be minimum compared to all other groups. Among the BB genomic group, maximum plant height
(5.50m), bunch weight (47.8kg) and TSS content (26.7°Brix) were noted in Bechakala-III (seeded
 Book of Abstracts 87

banana). BB genotypes also recorded maximum tolerance to major pest and diseases. Under AAA genomic
group, maximum bunch weight (26.7kg) was found in Dwarf Cavendish followed by Barjahaji (23.2kg)
and maximum TSS (25.8°Brix) in Red Banana. Dudhsagar under AAB genomic group produced minimum
bunch weight (23.2kg) followed by Alpan-Manhar (19.4kg). The TSS content in the dessert type of
ABB group was noted higher ranging from 18.1 to 26.5° Brix and Kanthali Clone –I produced maximum
bunch weight (25.4kg) followed by Bagda (25.3kg). ABB (Dessert type) is very famous because of its
use in different festivals and rituals in Bengal. Cooking-I under ABB (Cooking type) genomic group
showed maximum crop duration (315days) and Baish Chhara recorded maximum bunch weight (23.6kg),
yield (47.2t/h), hands (15.9) and fingers (224). Baish Chhara is suitable for kitchen garden as the hands
can be harvested in staggered manner from top to bottom. FHIA-17 and 23 under AAAA, FHIA-01
(Gold finger) under AAAB and FHIA-03 (Sweet heart) under AABB genomic group were performed
well and FHIA-03 (Cooking type) is gaining popularity as the pulp do not develops blackish colour in the
curry.
Keywords: Banana, biotic stress, cooking banana, dessert banana, FHIA, genomic group, qualitative
traits.

6.3.11 Use of NBPGR-PDS (Passport Datasheets )

APP: a Precision Tool in Management of Plant Genetic
Resources
Ankur Tomar, Anjula Pandey, K.C. Bhatt, S.P. Ahlawat
Email: ankurtomar7@gmail.com, +91-8010290096

Plant exploration and germplasm collection is a tedious on field activity in plant genetic resource
management. Manually entering of records in passport data book while collecting germplasm is
inconsistent, has room for errors, managing GPS device to get location details and time consuming
effort. In modern digital era, data collection with accuracy has been made possible using a precision
tool, NBPGR-Passport DataSheet (PDS) works that functions as a digital field book for users to manage
germplasm records in systematic manner with live location details viz., Longitude and Latitude in offline
manner and enhance the functionality of collection of germplasm records in efficient manner with
autofill text format. Bulk of records are stored in SQLite Database which is stored inbuilt of the application.
It is freely hand handled app which works offline and standalone manner with 9 M.B. size after installation.
This application was developed on android platform which supports android version 4.1 (API 16) to
version 10.0(API 30) smartphones which covered around 98% android users with using offline inbuilt
SQLite DB, Core Java program code in Android Studio Platform. This tool provides room for large
quantum of data particularly passport details of collection which includes around 23 fields with photographs
stored in a systematic manner, has customized digital application and transferability mode in MS Excel
format for the target customers. NBPGR-PDS application developed in Android studio also provides a
unified environment where it is possible to build for Android phones, tablets, Android Wear, Android TV,
and Android Auto. While developing this tool, the data collected in fields was developed during explorations
undertaken in 2021 and presently found very useful and effective not only save time, reduce chance of
error, more reliable, high definition image capturing but also to get live location in offline manner. The
current version of the application is in English, and their conversion to local languages of different States
of India would make it more user friendly along with efforts on popularization. Further modifications as
suggested by the users have been included after validation. However, continued updation viz., route map
for explorer is being done for further refinement of the application functionality. Creating awareness
amongst the sorts of explorers are expected to yield dividends in the era of ‘Digital India’.
88 Book of Abstracts

TECHNICAL SESSION-7
WATER MANAGEMENT FOR ENHANCING RESILIENCE TO
CLIMATE CHANGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF
HORTICULTURE

7.1.1 Enhancing Water Productivity for Resilient and

Sustainable Development of Horticulture
H. P. Singh and Babita Singh
Confederation of Horticulture Associations of India (CHAI), New Delhi
Email:hpsingh50@gmail.com

Climate change, a global phenomenon, is a concern for food and nutritional security of growing population,
expected to be 9.6 billion at the end of 2050, and has attracted global, regional and national dialogues for
mitigation and adoption strategies. India will be a most populous country, overtaking China and will face
challenge of feeding growing population with declining land and water in the scenario of climate change.
Resilience to climate change could be trough resilient crop, varieties and technologies. Among various
resources, water is most critical as many of the countries are already in scarcity zone. In India also,
availability of water has declined drastically reaching to scarce zone, with estimated availability of 1453
m3, compared to 1700 m3/ person recommended. Since food demand will continue to increase it is
important to improve the ability to produce more nutritious food with less water. The scenario demands
for increasing production per unit of water and changes in consumption practices. Water productivity is
usually estimated as the amount of horticultural output produced per unit of water consumed. This
could be in physical term or in economic term. Nevertheless, water productivity is a holistic approach
and maximisation has to be achieved by plant factor and land factors management strategies. Plant
factor includes varieties, seeds and planting material, production system management, pest and disease
control and also management of produce, or a value chain management . Field factors are soil heath
management and water management. In field water productivity enhancement micro- irrigation has
proved as success story in many horticultural crops. It maximises the synergistic interactions of improved
cultivars, water and fertiliser and could be seen as the congruence of sustainability, productivity,
profitability and equity. Since micro- irrigation greatly enhances water, fertiliser and energy use efficiency
and promotes precision horticulture, the sustainability could be achieved without the burden of
environmental degradation. Horticulture has to gain much for meeting the challenge of more production
with declining land and water by adoption of efficient techniques towards high water productivity.
Trials conducted on micro irrigation and fertigation on more than 50 Horticultural crops have clearly
demonstrated a savings of 40-50 % in water, 30-50 percent in fertiliser, 50-100 % enhancement in yield
and improved quality of produce besides containment in incidence of the diseases. At present, the
country has coverage of about 12.5 million hectares in micro- irrigation with a plan to cover about 69
million hectares by 2050. Institutional support system linked with public and private enterprise and
concerted efforts with identified destination involving all the stakeholders keeping the technology at
driving seat and farmers as center of attention is bound to have faster and inclusive growth with the
policy of per drop more crop, to achieve highest productivity of water. There is success story across
the country for enhancing water productivity and farmers’ income across the country. The concept of
 Book of Abstracts 89

source to root in PPP mode has gained popularity The paper deals with strategic approaches for enhancing
water productivity in horticulture with emphasis on micro- irrigation.
Keywords: Water Productivity, Horticulture, Water Management, Micro-irrigation, Drip Irrigation, climate
resilience and Precision Horticulture

7.1.2 Strategies Approaches in Micro irrigation for

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Horticulture
T. B. S. Rajput
Indian Agricultural research Institute, New Delhi

Water is crucial input in agriculture and changing climate is increasing challenging its effective utilization
in agriculture as agriculture is its largest consumer. Efficient utilization of available water resources is
crucial for a country like, India, where per capita availability, in terms of average utilizable water resources,
is expected to dwindle down to less than 1000 m3 by the year 2050. Micro irrigation which is by far the
most efficient water application method for agriculture, has evolved over time and is still being researched
intensely for further improving its effectiveness in water saving to mitigate and offset negative effects
of reduced water availability for agriculture owing to increasing population, industrialization and climate
change. Precision irrigation system came to India in seventies but its adoption started only in late
eighties. Government started making efforts to promote precision irrigation through part financial support
to offset its high initial cost syndrome. Initial researches included the comparisons of precision irrigation
system with conventional systems in terms of water savings and yield enhancements. After establishing
the superiority of such irrigation systems, the focus of research shifted to estimate water requirements,
modifications of crop geometry and fertigation for realizing the potential benefits of the system. With
passing time that is in nineties the emphasis gradually shifted to different hardware and software aspects
for cost reduction, design modifications and fertigation scheduling and chemigation. Latest researches
include oxigation and pulse irrigation. The article presents latest advancements in technological and
strategic developments in micro irrigation for its increased adoption for climate resilient and sustainable
agriculture/ horticulture.
Keywords: micro irrigation, advancements, strategic approaches

7.1.3 New Paradigms in Micro irrigation for Enhancing

Water Productivity and Achieving nutritional security
N.K. Gontia1 and H.D. Rank2
1. Vice Chancellor, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat)
2. Professor and Head, Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat)

Water is one of the most critic inputs for Agricultural development. However, the present scenario of
decreasing availability of fresh water along with changing climate is the biggest issue. The Task Force
on Micro Irrigation had estimated a potential of 69.5 Mha under micro irrigation in India, whereas the
area covered so far is only about 10.3 Mha. The innovative cluster based Community Irrigation projects
90 Book of Abstracts

for Micro irrigation coverage should be encouraged. The research should also be emphasized to develop
low cost and user friendly smart/automatic irrigation controller to overcome the issue of labor shortage
in agriculture. The increasing demands of water from various sectors has resulted in over-withdrawal
of groundwater. The groundwater table is declined at an alarming rate. The groundwater pumped from
deeper depth is of poor quality and consumes higher energy. The India has total 7500 km coastal belt
length, in which the groundwater quality has been deteriorated due to seawater intrusion to 20 km width
of coastal belt area. The needs to be promoted to control the pollutions of groundwater and environment
to sustain the higher water productivity for the future. Presently less than 1% of the total area under
MIS are adopting the sensors and IoT based smart automatic irrigation system due to unavailability of
technical expertise and higher initial cost. The only adoption of MIS is not enough, but the efficient and
frequent operation of the system and application of water at the rate of crop water requirement is also
desired. Human interventions and lack of technical knowledge of farmers make wastage of water by
applying more water than the requirement. To overcome the wastage and losses of the water, the AI and
IoT based automatic irrigation system is the dire need of the present. The empirical results showed that
cotton, maize, wheat, sunflower, sugar beet and potato are well suited to deficit irrigation practices,
with reduced evapotranspiration imposed throughout the growing season using MIS. It was also found
that common bean, groundnut, soybean and sugar cane where reduced evapotranspiration is limited to
certain growth stages. With a 25 percent deficit, water productivity (WP) was 1.2 times that achieved
under normal irrigation practices. Adoption of mulching along with MIS influences water productivity
of crops by affecting the hydrothermal regime of soil, which may enhance root and shoot growth,
besides it helps in reducing the evaporation (E) component of the evapotranspiration. MIS helps to
increase the dissolved oxygen through aerated water. Sprinkler irrigation saves 20 to 30 percent water,
while drip irrigation saves 30 to 40 percent water as compared to flood irrigation. There is a 20 to 40
percent gain in productivity due to the use of micro-irrigation. Saved water can be used to increase
cropping intensity. Adoption of MIS resulted in 32 percent increase in cropping intensity. Studies revealed
significant fertilizer savings of 20-60% and 8-41% increase in yields of horticulture and vegetable crops
due to fertigation was achieved. Micro-irrigation improves the quality of produce which helps to get
better market price. Micro-irrigation also improves micro-climate, reduces problems due to weed growth,
soil erosion and the cost of cultivation in labour-intensive operations. Reduced water consumption due
to micro irrigation also helps to energy saving and quality product ensures good nutritional status of
produce.

7.1.4 Micro Irrigation – An Option for Sustainable Use

of Water for Horticulture Development
C.B. Harinatha Reddy
Project Officer, APMIP/Addl. Director of Horticulture, Chuttugunta,
Guntur. Govt. of Andhra Pradesh
Email: apmipheadoffice@gmail.com

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) – Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP),
an unique and comprehensive project, is being implemented in the state since it’s inception. The objective
is to enhance the crop productivity by improving the water use efficiency through micro irrigation
systems for the benefit of the farmers. State Government has established special purpose vehicle i.e.,
APMIP with staff structure till Mandal level for effective monitoring and utilisation of micro-irrigation
scheme. The objectives of APMIP is to to increase the area under micro irrigation through improved
technologies, to enhance water use efficiency through drip system. of irrigation, to increase productivity
 Book of Abstracts 91

of crops and farmer income, to save energy in agriculture sector and to achieve higher fertiliser use
efficiency through drip. So far, an area of 13.43 lakh ha.has been covered under MI in all the 13 districts
in the state since inception i.e., from 2003-04 to 2020-21, benefitting 11.90 Lakh farmers. There is a
potential area of 8.24 lakh ha., to be covered under MI in all the 13 Districts, as on 31-03-2021.
NABARD Consultancy Services (NABCONS) and Institute for Development Studies, Andhra Pradesh
(IDSAP)) during the evaluation of project, observed that 18-20 percent additional area has been brought
under irrigation and productivity has increased by 35-60 percent. There is a saving of 35-40 per cent on
energy, 40-45 percent in fertiliser, 35-40oer cent n labour 18 per cent on cost of cultivation and above
all 75 percent increase in net income Micro irrigation increased crop diversification from traditional
crops to high value remunerative crops like vegetables, melon, banana, papaya, pomegranate etc.

7.2 Oral Presentation

7.2.1 Adoption of Drip Fertigation is a need of hour for

Bumper and Export Quality productions of
Horticulture crops
B.D. Jade
Sr. Scientist, Head - Agronomy, Extension n Training, Jain Irrigation Systems ltd,
Email:jade.balkrishna@jains.com

Climatic conditions in India is suitable to grow all fruits, vegetables, flowers and spices crops. Total area
under Horticulture in India is 27.23 Million ha with production of 329.86 Million tons. Area under fruit
crops is 6806 Million ha and productivity is just 15.1 tons / ha, Area under vegetable crops is 10803
Million ha and productivity is just 18.7 tons / ha. Area under flower crops is 315 Million ha and productivity
is just .4 tons / ha n Area under Spices crops is 4487 Million ha and its productivity is just 2.35 tons/ ha.
Productivity of Fruits, Vegetables, Spices crops in India is low due to their traditional farming, efficiency
of most important inputs used water and fertilizers use efficiency are 30 - 40 %. Total consumption of
fertilizers in India is 610 Lakh MT and its Fertilizer use efficiency is just 30 - 40 %, Water and nutrients
can not be fulfilled as per crop growth stages in traditional cultivation. There is need of to improve
efficiency of water and fertilizers. For this adoption of drip irrigation and Fertigation is needed for all
Horticulture crops.
Maharashtra is a leading state in adoption of drip irrigation n fertigation technology on large scale.
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh are also adopting drip irrigation on
large scale. Around 57.7 Lakh ha area including all crops is brought under drip irrigation in a country. In
Horticulture crops cultivation irrigation and nutrition are two important factors which contribute more
for yield and quality. Most of the farmers are irrigating the land and not necessarily crops. Also about
fertilizers, it is not applied precisely in effective root zone as per the physiological stages of the crop.
Mostly fertilizers are applied to soil, not covered properly. Application of water soluble fertiliser with
pressurised irrigation method is technology is known as FERTIGATION. Fertigation is the best technology
to improve efficiency of water and fertiliser as well as improves crop yields and quality.
Hence - Adoption of drip irrigation and fertigation in Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers and Spices crops
farming is need of hour to get bumper and export quality production.
92 Book of Abstracts

7.2.2 Effect of Dosage and Frequency of Fertigation on

Production, Productivity and Quality of Mango
(Mangifera indica L.) cv. Banganpalli.
J. Ravi Kanth1, A. Bhagwan1, A. Kiran Kumar1, S. Narender Reddy2, M. Sreedhar2
and Purnima Mishra1

1
Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Sri Konda Laxman
Telangana State Horticultural University, Mulugu-502279, Siddipet-Dist., Telangana State, India
2
PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
Email: aravabhagwan@rediffmail.com

The present investigation effect of dosage (T1 –NK @ 100% RDF, T2 - NK @ 80% RDF, T3 - NK @
60% RDF ,T4 - NK @ 50% RDF ) and frequency of fertigation (F1 - One time at marble stage, F2 - Daily
fertigation) on FUE (Fertilizer Use Efficiency), fruit growth, development, yield and quality characters
of mango cv. Banganpalli was carried out at Fruit Research Station, Sangareddy, SKLTSHU, Telangana
state during two succeeding seasons i.e., 2015-16 and 2016-17. The results of the experiment revealed
that the application of daily fertigation with 100% RD of NK + micronutrient mixture (D1F2) has recorded
the maximum number of fruits per panicle at the time of fruit set (9.96), maximum number of fruits per
tree at the time of harvest (223.81), maximum fruit weight (540.31 g), maximum yield per tree (120.95
kg), per unit (m3) canopy volume (1.50 kg) and per ha. (18.87 t) due to increase in the soil and leaf
macro (N (kg/ha), K (kg/ha)) nutrient levels. The same treatment has resulted in highest fertilizer use
efficiency (120.95 kg/kg) and was found more economical with a net return of 304393.32 Rs/ha. and
BC ratio of 4.17. Fruit quality characters were also significantly improved with this treatment (D1F2)
recorded maximum fruit TSS (17.12 0Brix), specific gravity (1.11), reducing sugars (6.96%), sugar
acid ratio (85.08) and improved flavour with minimum titratable acidity (0.20 %) and maximum shelf
life (15.13 days) of fruits. However, the treatment daily fertigation with 80% RDF (D2F2) resulted in
optimum value of net returns of 242030.89 Rs/ha. and BC ratio of 3.34 compared to other levels of
fertigation. From the experimental results it can be concluded that application of fertilizers in the form of
daily fertigation (D1F2) during fruit development stage of mango will improve the yield and quality
parameters.

7.2.3 Fertigation Practices in the Scenario of

Climate Change
Anil Kumar Nair
Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karanataka
 Book of Abstracts 93

8. TECHNICAL SESSION-8
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR ENHANCING RESILIENCE TO
CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION

8.1.1 Climate Smart Nutrient Management in Fruit Crops

A. K. Srivastava
Principal Scientist (Soil Science), ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute,
Nagpur-440033,Maharashtra, India
Email : aksrivas2007@gmail.com

Soil is an environmental medium, playing crucial role in global C cycle (soil C pool as the second biggest
carbon pool), mainly through changes in soil fertility. Soil is, therefore, viewed as a part of climate
change problem, but it can be a better part of the solution. Besides elevated CO2, changes in rainfall
pattern and increase in average temperatures brought about by climate change with inflict over-riding
effects on soil fertility changes vis-à-vis crop performance. Synergism between the effect of CO2 and
nutrients is stronger under no water limiting conditions. However, such short term changes in fertility
dynamics do not portray the long term effect either on soil fertility or on production responses, unless
supported by defined analogues of soil and climate. Different fruit crops sequestering 24 – 109 tons
CO2/ ha display their ability to moderate climate change-related issues on one hand, and elevate the crop
fertilising ability for improved plant nutrition, besides water-use-efficiency, on the other hand. Therefore,
response of different fruit crops under elevated CO2 condition is a function of nutrition status of the
crop. Our studies demonstrated the maximum nutrient demand at fruit set stage (March-April for winter
crop and August-September for summer crop under sub-humid tropical climate of central India). As per
crop ontogeny unless there is some mitigation strategy available. Of late, certain citrus growing pockets
of central India irrespective of orchard nutrient status (possibility of disturbed K metabolism), exhibited
abnormal fruit growth (greater growth along equatorial than radial axis), the exact cause and effect
relation still remains to be established. A large difference in fertility of two sites (Ustorthent versus
Haplustert) indicated by a much greater increase in yield response at the low fertility soil site (Ustorthent)
than the high fertility soil site (Haplustert), when added nutrient augmented to the same optimal fertility.
But with climate change, such responses will be caused by nutrient limitation that can develop in poor
fertility sites having shallow rooting depth. The recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) worked out in
1990 – 91 is no longer effective now (2010 - 2015), due to rise in average temperature by 1.5 – 2.0 0 c
during fruit set stage, necessitated addition of 25% more K to moderate such temperature stress in
citrus. How does RDF behave in the long run in different crops?
Better responsiveness of soil microbial biomass over chemically available nutrient pool to nutrient input,
has led to renewed interest in measuring the quantum of nutrients held micro bialy. Long term data
accrued on response of organic manuring versus inorganic fertilizers demonstrated that important soil
quality indices like soil microbial diversity, soil microbial biomass nutrient (Cmic, Pmic, and Nmic) and
organic carbon partitioning displayed significant changes, but without much difference in quantum of
fruit yield. The efficacy of microbial consortium (Micrococcus yunnanensis, Bacillus pseudomycoides,
Paenibacillus alvei, Acinetobacter radioresistens and Aspergillus flavus) was tested successfully in
both nurseries as well as well grown-up orchards as best management practice to cut down the rate of
CO2 release compared to inorganic fertilizers for storing larger proportion of plant-derived C in long
term pools in the soil and reducing the exposure of such stored C to lesser decomposition, in addition to
better post-harvest shelf life of citrus and other fruits. The other approaches involving multiple microbial
94 Book of Abstracts

inoculation along with enrichment of organic manures through inorganic fertilizers known as substrate
have further been highlighted to provide an understanding of mechanism involved in C stabilisation in
soils for regulating soil C sequestration and associated nutrient dynamics under INM-based production
system in perennial fruit crops. Crop-based adaptation strategies are needed keeping in view the nature
of crop, its sensitivity level and the agro-pedological setup. Simultaneously, keeping an eye on carbon
sink potential of different fruit crops vis-à-vis annual field crops will further aid in developing a blue
print for redressal of climate change related issues.

8.1.2 Complimenting Nutritional Needs of Horticulture

Crops and the Use of “Wealth” Biostimulants as
Supplements
Sanjay Singh
Slavs agro-tech pvt ltd
Nagshanti Building, Prashant Colony, Near HP Petrol Pump
Opp. Arts College, Vidyanagar, Hubbali, Karnataka – 580021
Email: info@slavsagro.com / ssingh.slavindia@gmail.com

Nutrients are an essential component of plant health to increase the productivity, which depend on
balance use. The bio stimulant “Wealth” has been used in Banana, Grapes, Vegetable, Cereals and other
fruit crops, which increases yield ranging from 20-50% with improved quality and marketability of
produce. Various farming systems have been suggested throughout the last few years with biostimulants
being a novel and sustainable approach towards horticultural crop production, especially under biotic
and abiotic stress. Therefore, there is increasing interest in the farming sector for new and effective
biostimulant products and a lot of research is carried out in this gradually evolving sector of the industry.
There are several commercial products available, which are currently applied on various crops within
the context of sustainable and organic farming. Biostimulant “Wealth” is very unique and is extracted
from Sapropel peat, a natural organic substance formed by deposition of dying plants and microorganisms
with limited access of oxygen, found on the bottom of freshwater bodies. Sapropel is rich in the
following nutrients: sodium, potassium, phosphorus, various vitamins (B, E, C, D, and P), amino acids,
and enzymes. It consists of mineral humic substances, natural organic compounds with bioactive
properties. Application of biostimulant “Wealth” increases the root and shoot growth, improves resistance
against stressors, rehabilitation of degraded soil and reduction in nitrogen fertilizer inputs are some of
the most noteworthy benefits. The research reports suggest that it is highly beneficial. The paper
discusses the details.
 Book of Abstracts 95

8.1.3 Organic Farming A Way Forward for Climate

Resilient and Sustainable Horticulture
R. A. Ram
Principal Scientist, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture,
Rehmankhera, Lucknow- 226 101
Email-ra.ram@icar.gov.in

Ten to twelve per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions are due to human food production. In
addition, intensive agriculture has led to deforestation, overgrazing and widespread use of practices that
result in soil degradation. These changes in land use contribute considerably to global CO2 emissions.
Organic agriculture is claimed to be the most sustainable approach in food production. It emphasizes
recycling techniques and low external input and high output strategies. It is based on enhancing soil
fertility and diversity at all levels and makes soils less susceptible to erosion. Organic farming links
productivity with ecology and creates livelihoods in rural areas. Grower community is trying to find out
an alternative sustainable farming system, which is ecologically sound, economically and socially
acceptable. Sustainable production is unifying concept, which considers ecological, environmental,
philosophical, ethical and social impacts, balanced with cost effectiveness. Traditional organic production
practices, which are based on natural and organic methods of farming offer several effective, feasible
and cost effective solutions to most of the basic problems being faced in conventional production of
fruit crops. Organic fruit cultivation helps in climate mitigation, carbon fixation, soil fertility improvement
and water conservation. In present scenario, shifting from conventional to organic, maintenance of soil
health and insect pest management will be major challenges which can be taken care of with adaptation
of complete organic package of practice in fruit production.
As per FiBl survey (2018), 2.6 million farmers across the world and 178 countries are now growing
organically produced commodities on more than 57.8 million hectares of agricultural lands. In India,
8,35,200 farmers are engaged in organic production of various crops. Total world trade of organic
produce was 90 million US dollars during 2016. In India total area under organic cultivation is 7.2 million
hectares which is 0.4 % of the total area under organic cultivation. 4.2 million hectares is under wild
collection. Sporadic attempts for organic production are now being attempted by some enthusiasts in
horticultural and plantation crops like tea, coffee and cardamom in certain pockets in India. By default,
many regions in the north eastern states of the country are pursuing organic horticulture which needs to
be consolidated and promoted.
Horticultural perennial crops as carbon sink vis-a-vis environmental cleansing
Organic farming practices are so far the most appropriate approach for mitigation and adaptation to
climate change it represents a positive example of how farmers can help mitigate climate change and
adapt to its predictable and unpredictable impacts. It can serve as a benchmark for allocating development
resources to climate change adaptation, or to measure progress in implementing climate related multilateral
environmental agreements (FiBl, 2007). Food grain crops land and permanent pastures lose soil carbon
through mineralization, erosion and overgrazing. Global arable land loss is estimated at 12 million hectares
per year, which is 0.8% of the global crop land area (1513 million hectares).
Organic farming has lower global warming potential
The global warming potential (GWP) of agricultural activities can be defined as greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions in CO2 equivalents per unit land area or per unit product. The global warming potential of
organic farming systems is considerably smaller than that of conventional or integrated systems when
calculated per land area . This difference declines, however, when calculated per product unit, as
96 Book of Abstracts

conventional yields are higher than organic yields in temperate climates. Under dry conditions or water
constraints, organic agriculture may out perform conventional agriculture, both per crop area and per
harvested crop unit. Organic farms do not only produce cash crops, but they use arable fields for
temporary grass-clover and fodder production for livestock. A part of the grass-clover yields and nutrients
is used to fertilize arable crops and soils. Depending on the methodology and the calculations used, the
results can differ substantially:
Benefits of organic farming
The benefits of organic farming regarding climate change can be summarized as follows:
1. Organic agriculture has considerable potential for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.
2. Organic agriculture in general requires less fossil fuel per hectare and kg of produce due to the
avoidance of synthetic fertilizers. Organic agriculture aims at improving soil fertility and nitrogen
supply by using leguminous crops, crop residues and cover crops.
3. The enhanced soil fertility leads to a stabilization of soil organic matter and in many cases to a
sequestration of carbon dioxide into the soils.
4. This in turn increases the soil’s water retention capacity, thus contributing to better adaptation of
organic agriculture under unpredictable climatic conditions with higher temperatures and uncertain
precipitation levels. Organic production methods emphasizing soil carbon retention are most likely
to withstand climatic challenges particularly in those countries most vulnerable to increased climate
change. Soil erosion, an important source of CO2 losses, is effectively reduced by organic agriculture.
5. Organic agriculture can contribute substantially to agro forestry production systems.
6. Organic systems are highly adaptive to climate change due to the application of traditional skills
and farmers’ knowledge, soil fertility-building techniques and a high degree of diversity.

8.1.4. Drip-Fertigation Technology Assisted Precision

Farming-Future of Horticultural Crop Production
Dr. P.Soman
Chief Agronomist, Jain Irrigation Systems, Ltd., India

In a simple analysis, the picture is as follows: India grows crops on a gross land surface of 195.8 million
ha ( with net area 140.9 million ha and 55.0 million ha with crops grown more than once) (Min. Agri.
Directorate of Economics & Statistics); while the ultimate irrigation potential (if developed) is 139.9
million ha (Central Water Commission). The country will NEVER have complete irrigation cover for all
the gross cropped area unless we do something about the way water is consumed for irrigation.The
actual status is not that simple and direct. Though the net irrigated area steadily increased from 1950-60
till present, the growth rates estimated every 10 years started dropping after 1990. There are various
reasons like lower public investment to less attention to rehabilitation of irrigation schemes of the past
etc. But the major issue is found to be a failure in effectively managing the water resources. Management
and maintenance of irrigation canal net works and field channels is becoming a major challenge for
institutions. The net result is lower irrigation efficiencies resulting in a situation where expansion of
irrigation to more land surface is difficult. One of the very positive benefit to a farmer from adopting
drip irrigation is the direct yield enhancement of the crop; a factor that has been proved in India in almost
all the crops, both horticultural and agricultural. These yield improvements are noted by research institutions
and universities also. We at Jain irrigation have been monitoring our client farmers’ crops and collecting
 Book of Abstracts 97

data over a number years. Performance of 45 different crops to drip irrigation or related other micro
irrigation systems adopted by the farmers of various states of the country is presented.

8.2 Oral Presentation

8.2.1 Effect of Biofertilizers Inoculation on Onion Yield,

Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility Status
Thangasamy, A.*, Gawande, S. J., Komal Gade, Pranjali
A. Gedam, Vijay Mahajan and Major Singh
ICAR–Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune-410505, Maharashtra, India
Email: astsamy@yahoo.co.in

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of bio- fertilizer inoculation on onion yield, nutrient
uptake and soil fertility status during 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments;
it includes two fertiliser levels (82.5:30:45:22.5 kg NPKS/ha and 110:40:60:30 kg NPKS/ha) and four
bio-fertilizers (control, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM)
and Piriformospora indica). The experiment was laid out in split plot design and each treatment was
replicated three times. Onion and nutrient uptake were affected by fertilizer levels, biofertilizer inoculation
and their interactions. The results revealed that application of mineral fertilizer (110:40:60:30 kg NPKS/
ha) with Piriformospora indica or PSB inoculation increased onion bulb yield significantly compared to
the control. Application of 110:40:60:30 kg NPKS/ha and Piriformospora indica increased onion yield
by 14.6% and 13.9% in 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively compared to the control. PSB inoculation
with 110:40:60:30 kg NPKS/ha increased onion yield by 9.0% and 9.4% compared to the control in
2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. However, VAM inoculation did not increase onion yield significantly.
In addition, PSB and Piriformospora indica inoculation increased NPKS uptake significantly in comparison
to the control. Inoculation of biofertilizers did not affect soil available nutrient contents significantly.
This result indicated that inoculation of PSB and Piriformospora indica has potential to increase onion
production and nutrient use efficiency.
Keywords: Piriformospora indica, Fertiliser level, Onion yield, Nutrient uptake

8.2.2 Performance of Traditional Rcented rice (Oryza

sativa L.) Varieties Followed by Broccoli (Brassica
oleracea var. italica) under Organic Mode of Cultivation
S. K. Yadav*1, D. K. Singh2, Kirti Sharma3, Yogesh Sharma4 & Supriya Tripathi5
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, G.B.P.U.A. &T., Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar
Uttarakhand-263145, India
1
AssistantProfessor, Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology
Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand,
E-mail: santosh.yadav87@gmail.com, santosh.yadav87@gmail.com

Agricultural production is now facing the major challenges of high cost of production and degradation
of natural resources which can be efficiently managed by adoption of different organic management
98 Book of Abstracts

practices. A field experiment was conducted at N. E. B Crop Research Centre G. B. Pant University of
Agriculture & Technology, Pantngar U. S. Nagar Uttarakhand. Field experiment was carried out using
Randomized Complete Block Design with three replication involving ten rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties
V1 Kubri Mamhani, V2 Kudrat-5, V3 Chinar-20, V4 Kesho Pohu, V5 DRK, V6 Kudrat-1, V7 Pusa-1121, V8
Type-3, V9 Taraori and V10 Tilak Chandanvarieties followed by Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
with the following eight treatments T1 Control, T2 50% Beejamrit+ Jeevamrit+ Ghanjeevamrit + 50%
FYM & Vernicompost, T3 25% Beejamrit+ Jeevamrit + Ghanjeevamrit + 75% FYM & Vermicompost,
T4 75% Beejamrit+ Jeevamrit + Ghanjeevamrit + 25% FYM & Vermicompost, T5 100% Beejamrit +
Jeevamrit+ Ghanjeevamrit, T6 100% FYM, T7 100% Vermicompost, T8 INT. (50% Organic+ 50%
Inorganic) and T10 50% Pantnagar Ark + 50% FYM & Vermicompost. Results of the study revealed that
higher yield attributes and grain yield & straw yield as well as Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium
uptake and hulling, milling percentage were recorded maximum with the varieties Kudrat-5 & Kudrat-1.
DUS characteristics were determined for all the varieties. So, both the varieties i.e. Kudrat-5 & Kudrat-
1 shows promising results although in terms of quality attributes varieties Kudrat-5 & Kudrat-1 also
shows the most promising result. While results showed that in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
maximum no. of leaves per plant, plant height at harvest (cm), days required for curd initiation (days),
days required for curd maturity (days) curd weight (g) and curd yield (kg/ha) was reordered highest
with the treatment combination T2 50% Beejamrit+ Jeevamrit+ Ghanjeevamrit + 50% FYM & Vernicompost
which was followed by treatment combination T8 INT. (50% Organic+ 50% Inorganic)
Keywords: Organic Agriculture, Varieties, FYM, Vermicompost, Rice, Cauliflower

8.2.3 Yield and Economics of Coriander under Organic

Farming
Rajiv, K. P. Singh and D. P. Singh
Department of Vegetable Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur,
Kanpur-208 024 (Uttar Pradesh), India
Email: rajiv.agro69@gmail.com

Continuous use of chemical fertilizers has resulted in nutritional imbalance, depletion of soil organic
matter and adverse effect on biodiversity as well as on human health. Supplying of nutrients through
organic components can be opted for avoiding the hazardous effects of chemical fertilizers. Organic
components like FYM, vermicompost and microbial consortium may play a major role in supplementing
the crop nutrients through their direct addition, improvement in soil condition, nitrogen fixation and
solubilisation of fixed forms of phosphorus & zinc in soil.
A field experiment on sole organic and in conjunction with inorganic sources of nutrient management in
coriander cv. Pant Haritima was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm of C.S. Azad University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during 2015-16 and 2017-18 in sandy loam soil. Six different
treatments of organic and in combination with inorganic inputs were tested against Conventional practices.
The experiment was conducted in fixed layout during all the three years in randomized block design with
a plot size of 3.60m x 3.60m. Based on pooled data of three years, application of 100 % recommended
dose of nitrogen through vermicompost + microbial consortium @ 12.5 kg/ha (PP with organic methods)
recorded highest marketable green leaves yield of 92.60 q/ha. It was followed by conventional practices
(recommended FYM + fertilizer + PP chemicals) + microbial consortium @ 12.5 kg/ha and safe production
practices (recommended FYM + fertilizer + PP with organic methods) + microbial consortium @ 12.5
kg/ha. The B:C ratio of 2.69 was also maximum under the treatment of application of 100 % recommended
 Book of Abstracts 99

dose of nitrogen through vermi compost + microbial consortium @ 12.5 kg/ha (PP with organic methods).
Results of the study revealed that the organic farming of coriander is feasible and economic under
Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh.

8.2.4 Effect of Foliar NPK (19:19:19) and Micronutrient

Application on Seed Yield and Quality of Vegetable Pea
D. P. Singh and Rajiv
Department of Vegetable Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur,
Kanpur-208 024 (Uttar Pradesh), India
Email: dpsingh@csauk.ac.in

A field experiment on foliar application of NPK and micronutrient vegetable pea crop was conducted at
Vegetable Research Farm of C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during 2018-19
and 2020-21 in sandy loam soil. Ten different treatments viz., recommended NPK + foliar spray of NPK
@ 1% before flowering, recommended NPK + foliar spray of NPK @ 2% before flowering, recommended
NPK + foliar spray of NPK @ 1% before and after flowering, recommended NPK + foliar spray of NPK
@ 2% before and after flowering, recommended NPK + foliar spray of IIHR micronutrient mixture @0.
25% before flowering, recommended NPK + foliar spray of IIHR micronutrient mixture @0. 25%
before and after flowering, recommended NPK + foliar spray of IIHR micronutrient mixture @0. 25%
before flowering + foliar spray of NPK @ 1% before flowering, recommended NPK + foliar spray of
IIHR micronutrient mixture @0. 25% before flowering + foliar spray of NPK @ 2% before flowering,
recommended NPK + foliar spray of IIHR micronutrient mixture @0. 25% before and after flowering +
foliar spray of NPK @ 1% before and after flowering, recommended NPK + foliar spray of IIHR
micronutrient mixture @0. 25% before and after flowering + foliar spray of NPK @ 2% before and
after flowering were tested against control (recommended NPK) in randomized block design replicated
three times with a plot size of 3.0 m x 3.0 m. The crop variety used in the experiments was Azad Pea –
3. Results of the experiment revealed that the application of recommended NPK + foliar spray of IIHR
micronutrient mixture @ 0.25% before and after flowering + foliar spray of NPK @ 2% before and
after flowering recorded significantly highest no. of pods/plant (10.80), pod thickness (13.92 mm), pod
length (9.62 cm), no. of grains/pod (7.58), grains weight/plant (12.12 g) and grain yield (26.40 q/ha). It
was followed by recommended NPK + Foliar spray of IIHR micronutrient mixture @ 0.25% before and
after flowering + foliar spray of NPK @ 1% before and after flowering in terms of yield attribute and
grain yield. In case of vigour index-I, the highest value of 1550.00 was found in recommended NPK +
foliar spray of NPK @ 2% before flowering followed by recommended NPK + foliar spray of IIHR
micronutrient mixture @ 0.25% before and after flowering with 1493.00. Whereas, the highest vigour
index-II of 32.78 was found in recommended NPK + foliar spray of NPK @ 2% before and after
flowering. The minimum values of yield attributes and grain yield were observed in control (recommended
NPK). Based on three years pooled data, it may be concluded that the application of recommended NPK
+ Foliar spray of IIHR micronutrient mixture @ 0.25% before and after flowering + foliar spray of NPK
@ 2% before and after flowering may be recommended for higher seed yield and return in vegetable pea
for Kanpur region.
100 Book of Abstracts

8.2.5 Effect of Major Nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus

and Potassium) on Yield and Quality of Rainy Season
Onion (Allium cepa L.) Raised from Seedling
Ram Batuk Singh1*, Ashutosh Upadhyay1, Pranjal Singh1
Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kanpur- 208 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
E-mail: singhrbcsa@gmail.com

An investigation was carried out at the vegetable research farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during rainy season of 2018 and 2019. The soil of the experimental
field was sandy-loam with uniform topography. A field experiment was conducted to determine the N,
P and K rates for yield attributes i.e. total yield, diameter of bulb, double bulb, bolting percentage neck
thickness and T.S.S. as quality parameters of onion. A factorial combination of three rates of N (50,100
&50 kg /ha), two rates of P (40 & 80 kg/ ha) and potash two level (50 &100 Kg/ha) were used for the
experiment. Treatments were laid down in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a factorial
combination with three replications. Two years trial with Cv. Agrifound Dark Red and results of this
study revealed that the application of nitrogen showed significant effect in most of studied characters.
Higher levels of nitrogen increased the yield significantly over all the treatments. Different levels of
phosphorus and potassium did not affect the quality parameters of onion. Phosphorus and potassium
did not show any significant alteration on yield and yield attributes and quality. The application of 150 kg
N +80 kg P2O5 +100 Kg K2O/ ha was most appropriate combination of nutrients with respect to yield
and quality of the rainy season onion crop propagated through seedling.
Keywords: Onion, Yield , Quality, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash

8.2.6 Effect of Foliar Application of Micro Nutrients on

Growth Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium Cepa L.)
I. N. Shukla, R. B. Singh, P. K. Tiwari, P. K. Singh and Gaurav Verma
Department of Vegetable Science, C. S. A. U. Agri. & Tech., Kanpur

An experiment to study the “Effect of Foliar Application of Micro Nutrients on Growth Yield and Quality
of Onion (Allium Cepa L.)” was conducted in rabi season during 2019-20 at Department of Vegetable
Science, Kalyanpur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and
nine treatments with two concentrations each boron and Zinc and their combination with different
concentrations, each of T1 (B 0.2%), T2 (B 0.3%), T3 (Zn 0.3%), T4 (Zn 0.5%), T5 (Boron 0.2%+Zn
0.3%), T6 (Boron 0.2%+Zn0.5%), T7 (Boron 0.3% + Zn 0.3%) ,T8 (Boron 0.3% + Zn 0.5%)and T9 as
control. The observation of different characters at different stages has been taken. On the basis of data
observation for growth characters viz. plant height (59.66 cm), Leaf length (47.46cm), number of
leaves per plant (10.80) were recorded the highest with the treatment T6 (Boron 0.2% + Zn 0.5%), while
the plant height (45.13 cm), leaf length (33.26 cm) and number of leaves per plant (7.53) were recorded
lowest in T9 control. Number of days taken for harvest (70% neck fall) found earliest (117.26 days) also
in T6 (Boron 0.2%+Zn0.5%). The bulb characters viz. polar diameter of bulb (7.0cm), equatorial diameter
of bulb(7.13 cm), neck length (7.06 cm), neck diameter (3.33cm), fresh weight of bulb (118.66 g) and
 Book of Abstracts 101

dry weight of bulb (14.06 g) were recorded the highest with the application of 0.2% boron and 0.5
andZn (T6),whereas polar (3.93cm), equatorial diameter (4.06 cm), neck length (5.06 cm), neck diameter
(1.88 cm), fresh weight of bulb (77.86 g) and dry weight of bulb (8.60 g) were observed lowest in
control (T9). The yield per plot (17.3 kg), per hectare (382.0q)and dry matter percentage (15.6) were
recorded highest in T6 (Boron 0.2% + Zn 0.5%). The quality characters viz. TSS (12.200brix), ascorbic
acid content (13.26 mg/100 g) and total soluble sugar (6.93%) also recorded maximum in T6 (Boron 0.2
% + Zn0. 5%).

8.2.7 Yield and Quality Status of Aonla Cv. NA-7 as

Influenced by Integrated Nutrient Management
V. K. Tripathi, S. Bahadur and R. K. S. Gautam
Department of Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and
Technology, Kanpur-2 (U.P.)
Email: drvktripathicsa@gmail.com

Aonla, also known as Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), member of family Euphorbiaceae.
Due to its hardy nature, more medicinal value with a greater number of uses, high productivity per unit
area, the area under aonla cultivation is increasing rapidly day by day in the century and it is also
considered as a most ideal crop for arid and semi-arid regions. Because of many medicinal uses, it is
famous as “Amrit Phal”. Its fruits are commonly used for the preparation of different value-added
products such as candy, chyawanprash, barfi, pickles, etc. and also an important ingredient in various
medicinal preparations.
The continuous application of chemical fertilizers affects the fruit quality, soil health and generates soil
pollution too. The integrated nutrient management paves a way to overcome from these problems. Plant
nutrients can be supplied through different sources viz., organic manures, crop residues, bio-fertilizers
and chemical fertilizers, but for better utilization of resources and to produce more yield with less
expenditure, INM is the best way. The present experiment was carried out in the Department of
Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, (U.P.), using
nine treatments, replicated thrice in RBD. From the experiments it is reported that the fertilization of
plants with 75% NPK + 4kg vermicompost + 100g Azotobacter + 100g PSB resulted significantly
maximum fruits set (40.56%), fruit retention (34.64%), number of fruits (3776 fruits/plant), fruit yield
(170.68 kg/plant) with maximum fruit length (3.70 cm), width (4.60 cm), weight (50.32 g), volume
(42.89 cc), pulp weight (48.05 g) and seed weight (2.27 g) along with minimum fruit drop (65.35%).
As far as the quality parameters are concerned, fertilization of plants with 75% NPK + 4kg vermicompost
+ 100g Azotobacter + 100g PSB also resulted highest TSS (11.90 0Brix), total sugars (7.10%), ascorbic
acid (550.92 mg/100g pulp), TSS: acid ratio (5.08) with minimum titratable acidity (2.28%) contents.
These observations suggest that for getting substantial higher yield with superior quality of fruits, the
plants of aonla should be fertilized with an integrated dose of 75% NPK + 4kg vermicompost + 100g
Azotobacter + 100g PSB in the plains of northern India.
102 Book of Abstracts

8.2.8 Effect of Organic Inputs and Biofertilizers on

Growth and Flower Yield of African Marigold (Tagetes
erecter L.)
N. Sumana, K. S. Lakshmi„ K.M.Yuvaraj, Y.S.K.Reddy
PG student, prof (Horticulture), professor Horticulture), scientist (Pl.Phy)
Email: kodeswarjyalakshmi@gmail.com

A field investigation on “ Effect of organic inputs and Biofertilizers on growth and flower yield of
African marigold (Tagetes erect’ L.)” was conducted during the year 2018-2019 at College of Horticulture,
Anantharajupeta, YSR Kadapa Dist. AndhraPradesh to study the effect of organic manures along, with
biofertilizer mixture (Azospirillum, PSB and Frateuria aurantia). The experiment was laid out in Randomized
Block Design (RBD) with seven treatments replicated thrice. The observations on vegetative parameters
revealed that, application of FYM + Biofertilizer mixture recorded maximum plant height (55.57 and
56.37 cm) at 60 DAT and 90 DAT, maximum number of branches (33.47) at 60 DAT, maximum stem
girth (1.121 cm) at 60 DAT. Among floral parameters, application of FYM + Biofertilizer mixture took
minimum number of days for first flower bud initiation (30.27), 50 % flowering (48.30), maximum
duration of flowering (69.87), flowers per plant (53.07), flower diameter (7,30 cm), flower yield per
plant (2.23 kg), flower yield per plot (24.69 kg), days taken to 50% flower wilt (3.33) and shelf life
(6.67).

8.2.9 Impact of Organic Manures, PGPR and Micro

Nutrients on Physiological Aspects, Yield, Quality and
Nutrient Uptake in Ajwain (TrachyspermumammiL)
G. S. Thanuja*, B. Srinivasulu, K. M. Yuvaraj, K. Giridhar and K. Umakrishna
College of Horticulture, Dr. YSRHU, Anantharajupeta, Kadapa Dist, A.P.
Email: id:th_09@rediffmail.com

There is a wide scope to check the performance of Ajwain with organic nutrient sources along with
plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and micronutrient sprays and restructuring of nutrient doses for
getting economic yields with sustainable soil health. Accordingly, this study was carried out at College
of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Y.S.R. Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh during 2017-19 to investigate
the influence of organic manures, PGPR and micronutrients on physiological aspects, yield, quality and
nutrient uptake of ajwain. Farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost (VC) were used as organic
sources at 50% and 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) as basal dose. PGPRs namely
Azospirillum lipoferum, Bacillus megaterium and Frateuria aurantia were used for seed priming.
Micronutrients namely ZnSO4 and Fe were applied thrice as foliar application @ 0.5% first before
flowering, second at 50% flowering and third during grain formation. The results revealed that maximum
crop growth rate, highest number of umbels plant-1, umbellets umbel-1, number of fruits umbellet-1, seed
yield plant-1, seed yield hectare-1, straw yield, biological yield, test weight of seeds and essential oil yield
were recorded with the application of 50% RDN through VC, which was on par with 50% RDN
through FYM, seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc with respect to their individual
 Book of Abstracts 103

effect. However, highest leaf chlorophyll content and total phenol content of leaves were recorded in
treatment received 50% of RDN through FYM which was on par with treatment received 50% of RDN
through VC, seed priming with Azospirillum and spraying of iron at 0.5 %. Maximum essential oil
content, fixed oil content and thymol content were also observed in case of application of 50% RDN
through VC, seed priming with Azospirillum and foliar application of zinc individually. The nutrient
uptake reports revealed 50% of RDN through VC and 50% of RDN through FYM, were found superior
in N, P and K uptake by both biomass and grains. Among the PGPR, seed priming with Azospirillum
was found significantly superior in N-uptake, Bacillus megaterium in promoting P uptake and
Frateuriaaurantia in promoting K-uptake by the plant andgrains .Soil nutrient analysis after the harvest
of crop revealed the higher residual nutrient content showing that lesser exhaust of nutrients and effective
nutrient recoupment with the substitution of inorganics through organic source of nutrients and application
of PGPR. However, foliar application of micronutrients could not make any significant influence on
enhancing the N, P and K content in the soil. Highest Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of 3.33 was recorded
with combined application of 50% of RDN through FYM along with seed priming with Azospirillum and
foliar spray of Zn at 0.5%.
Keywords: Azospirillumlipoferum, Bacillusmegaterium, Frateuriaaurantia,thymol

8.2.10 Effect of Stage Specific Fertigation Schedules on

Growth and Yield of Parthenocarpic Cucumber under
Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse
M. Ravindra Babu, T. Thomson, R. V. S. K. Reddy and P. Ashok
Centre of Excellence for Protected Cultivation, Dr.Y.S.R.Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem,
West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh

An experiment on stage specific application of fertilizers through fertigation was conducted in

parthenocarpic cucumber under naturally ventilated polyhouse at Centre of Excellence for Protected
cultivation, Dr.Y.S.R.Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District, Andhra
Pradesh during 2019-20 to standardize fertigation schedules for parthenocarpic cucumber. Among different
combinations of N, P and K fertilizers scheduled based on the plant growth stages maximum vine length
(345.80 cm) was recorded with 180 : 60 :120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1which was on par with the treatments 140
: 90 : 80 (N:P:K) kg ha-1 (337.50 cm), 140 : 90 : 120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(339.70 cm) 180 : 60 :80 (N:P:K) kg
ha-1(341.35 cm), 180 : 90 : 80 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(343.55 cm) and 180 : 90 : 120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(342.45
cm), while maximum internodal length (7.62 cm) was recorded with180 : 60 :120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1which
was on par with140 : 90 : 80 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(71.93 cm), 140 : 90 : 80 (N:P:K) kg ha-(72.82 cm), 140 :
90 : 120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(74.86 cm), 180 : 60 :80 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(75.49 cm), 180 : 90 : 80 (N:P:K) kg ha-
1
(77.67 cm), and 180 : 90 : 120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(75.48 cm), while maximum leaf area at harvest (489.69
cm2) was recorded with the treatment 180 : 60 :120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1 which was on par with180 : 90 : 80
(N:P:K) kg ha-1 (486.91cm2) and 180 : 90 : 120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(488.60cm2). Maximum number of fruits
per plant (36.76) was recorded with the treatment 180 : 60 :120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1 which was on par with
180 : 90 : 80 (N:P:K) kg ha-1 (35.61) and180 : 90 : 120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(35.08), maximum yield per plant
(5.46 kg) was recorded with180 : 60 :120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1 which was on par with 180 : 60 :80 (N:P:K)
kg ha-1(4.98 kg), 180 : 90 : 80 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(5.23 kg) and 180 : 90 : 120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1(5.05 kg).
Highest yield (87.31 t/ha) and B:C ratio (1.91) were also recorded in 180 : 60 :120 (N:P:K) kg ha-1.
Keywords: Parthenocarpic cucumber, fertigation, naturally ventilated polyhouse
104 Book of Abstracts

8.3 Poster Presentation

8.3.1 Effect of Agri-Lime, Molybdenum and Sulphur

Application on Green Pod Yield of Cowpea
(Vignaunguiculata)
I. N. Shukla, U. C. Mishra, P. K. Tiwari and Rajiv
Department of Vegetable Science, CSAU Agri. & Tech., Kanpur

A field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Farm Kalyanpur, C.S.A.U. of Agri. & Tech., Kanpur in
Kharif season during 2012-13 to 2014-15 to study the effect of agri-lime, molybdenum and sulphur
application. The experiment was carried out under randomized block design with three replications. Ten
treatments vizmolybdenum 50 ppm (three spray, T1), molybdenum 25 ppm, (three spray –T2), Sulphur
15 kg./ha (T3), Sulphur 20 kg./ha (T4), Sulphur 25 kg./ha (T5), T1+T5(T6),T2+T3(T7), Agri-lime @1
T/ha (T8), T2+T5+T8 (T9) and control (T10) were applied to the cowpea variety T-5269 (semi-
indeterminate habit). The result revealed that the highest average yield of 91.47 q/ha with C: B ratio of:
2.10 was recorded in T-9 treatment (T2+T5+T8) followed by T6 (T1+T5) as yield of 79.75q/ha with C:
B ratio of 1:1.99 and lowest yield found in control (T10) 37.63q/ha with C: B ratio of 1:086.

8.3.2 Replacement of Inorganic Fertilizer with Organic

Fertilizer for Higher Yield and Quality of Okra
Khalil Khan, Arvind Kumar Singh, Ashok Kumar and Arun Kumar Singh
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Daleep Nagar, Kanpur Dehat
Directorate Of Extension
C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology,Kanpur,U.P.
Email-khankhalil64@gmail.com
Mob.9140387580,9452055338

Okra (Abelmoschus esculents L. moench) belonging to the family malvaceae is a herbaceous annual with
bisexual flowers and erect vegetable growth with or without branches. Okra cultivation was mainly
practiced traditional package and practices in U.P. majority of farmers applied synthetic fertilizers and
pesticides. During 1960s and 1970s the ever increasing population in India along with several natural
calamities led to severe food security,in the country and millions of poor Indian died of hunger in the mid
1970s, for increasing food security the”green revolution” was introduced. Thereafter, the natural and
organic farming were replaced to chemical farming, has resulted harmful effects on soil fertility and
health and crops. In chemical farming the vegetables cultivation affected more, especially Okra crop
because it is grown throughout the year except in frost and severe winter affected area . As a green
vegetable, okra has been used throughout the year, therefore,it directly affect to the human health. For
promoting and enhancing agro-ecosystem, human health, biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological
activity, a programme for organic farming has been planed .The study was land out in villages,
Taripathakpur, Manpur, Akbarpur Seng,Garhbedipur and Gadanpur Ahar of Disst. Kanpur Nagar U.P.
The study was carried out during 2017-18 and 2018-19 area of 48 hectare. The soil was sandy loam,
having pH 7.5-8.1, organic carbon 0.23-0.51 %, available phosphorus 8.00-33.00 kg./ha-1 and available
 Book of Abstracts 105

potash 170.00-222.00 kg.ha-1. Thus, the organic carbon vary from low to medium in the operational
area. Hundred twenty farm families participated in this program of five village in Disst. Kanpur nagar of
U.P. The okara was seeded after green manuring of dhaincha. The PSB culture 6.25 kg + Rhizobium
culture 6.25 kg+ Trichoderma 5 kg. mixed in 250-300 kg FYM, moistened with water and covered with
Jute bags. After 4-5 days the micro organism increased their population in the material. The prepared
material broadcasted in a hectare area before last ploughing in the experimental fields. Trichoderma
checked the stem rot , root rot , damping off, wilt, blight etc. In Okra Neem Leaves powder @ 50 kg./
ha-1 dusted after turning of dhaincha for control of termite, cutworm and other soil insects. After well
rotten of dhaincha, the field was prepared. The crop was sown in the first week of July and first picking
was done after 40 days of seeding and last picking followed in the end of September. The cultivar Azad
bhindi-1 was planted at the distance of 45x30 cm. 100 kg N,60 P2O5 and 84 kg K2O ha-1 was given to
Okra crop. The application of PSB culture before the sowing of green manure crop, increased the
availability of P2O5 by 30 kg ha-1. No additional fertilizers ware given to the crop of okra. The other
recommended package of practices were fallowed in Okra cultivation. Irrigation were given as when
required. The average yield of green fruits of Okra was recorded 128 q.ha-1 The family labors specially
women were engage in the picking of green fruits of Okra .In forthcoming days the developed organic
farming system will prove an asset to the nation and farm families will harvest the fruit of this generated
technology.

8.3.3 Scientific Method in Raising Nursery of Direct

Sown Cucurbitaceous Crops: A Way for Enhancing
Income
Sudhir Kumar1 and Ashraf Ali Khan2
1.National Agriculture Research Centre, Kalai, Aligarh
2.Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Aligarh
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email: aali_khan@rdiffmail.com

Ziad crops have been observed, to ensure adequate food supply and distribution in cities and support
livelihoods of farmers. If we grow early crop we got more profit but in early crop we face germination
problem in seedlings. In order to enhance better germination of seedlings in vegetables, we opt for
protected structure such as poly house, but due to high cost of establishment farmers do not get chance
to adopt it. As implementation of protected culture is very high for a farmer. However, Nursery raising
in polythene bags under small polythene huts or other covered structures is a very good technique for
farmers. Being extension experts, guidance and support to farmers’ production are carried out both in
the field and on phone. started to provide technical support like seed treatment/soil & water management
and protection against environment /insect pest and diseases to farmers who are vegetable Grover in
khair block of Aligarh District. Social media such as WhatsApp is also used to provide immediate
technical guidance to obtained an early crop, sowing of muskmelon and other cucurbits is done in
polythene bags of 15 × 10 cm size and 100-gauge thickness, in end of January. The seedlings are
transplanted into the field in end February when they have developed 2-3 true leaves. The transplanted
crop matures earlier by 15-25 days than the direct sown crop, escapes the attack of red pumpkin beetle,
produces higher yields and economizes seed cost, especially in hybrid cultivars where seed cost is high.
Regarding for this, farmers obtained Rs. 3.0 -4.0 Lakhs from expenditure of Rs. 70.00 to 80.00 thousand.
The cost benefit ratio of these farmers was also recorded much higher i.e. about 1:6 as compared to
cost benefit ratio of those farmers who grown their crop through direct seed sown whose cost benefit
106 Book of Abstracts

ratio was recorded 1:3 which is very low. The nursery Grover farmers get benefits by two ways first of
all they sell their seedlings to other fellow farmers at higher rate and other way is that, they transplant
seedlings in their own field, and due to early crop and higher yield, they get about 200% extra benefit as
compared to direct seed sowing practices because of high rate of crop yield.

8.3.4 Effect of Foliar Application of NAA, GA3 and Zinc

Sulphate on Fruit Drop, Growth, Yield and Quality of
Ber cv. Banarasi Karaka
R. K. S. Gautam, Poornima and V. K. Tripathi
Department of Horticulture
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-2 (U.P.)
Email: rajkaransinghcsa@gmail.com

The ber belongs to the family Rhamnaceae, is an important indigenous fruit of India and China but it is
more associated with the Indian culture since ancient times. This is grown commercially in certain
states like Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and
Andara Pradesh. In U.P, ber orchards are found around Varanasi, Aligarh, Faizabad, Agra and Raibarelli
districts. Among the sub-tropicals fruits, it is one of the most common and ancient fruit of India. Being
of hardy nature and heavy bearing, it is cultivated widely in drought and other diversified soil and
climatic condition. It is known as “King of Arid Fruits”.Ripe fruits are eaten fresh and utilized in the
preparation of jam, jelly, preserve and candy and it can be dried to prepare a product similar to “chuhhara”.
Ber juice can be prepared from the fresh fruit and can be used for making squash.
Plant bioregulators and micronutrients plays a significant role in increasing fruit, prevention of pre
harvest fruit drop, regulation of flowering, inhibition of growth, thinning of flowers and fruits. Use of
NAA increased fruit set, decreased fruit drop and brought beneficial change in quality of many fruits,
whereas use of gibberellins has been mainly used for manipulating in many physiological events and are
commercially used to improve the quality of fruit, delayed fruit senescence, increases fruit set and
decreases fruit drop. Zinc is considered necessary for the growth and development of fruits as it is one
of the essential elements for the formation of chlorophyll and hence useful towards photosynthetic
activities. Keeping these in view the present experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture,
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, (U.P.), using ten treatments,
replicated thrice in RBD. From the experiments it is reported that thespray of GA3 20 ppm at fruit setting
stage proved significantly effective in increasing initial fruit set (159), fruit weight (15.68g), length of
fruit(4.71), fruit volume (15.64cc)and width of fruits()2.76. The quality attributes i.e., TSS(14.090Brix),
total sugars(9.98%) and ascorbic acid content (99.00 mg/100g)and the yield attributes viz., weight of
fruit pulp (14.64g), howeverfruit yield (52.23 kg/tree) were improved with ZnSO4 0.6 % application in
the plains of northern India.
 Book of Abstracts 107

8.3.5 A Case Study: Assessment and Management of

Sodic land Reclamation Impact at District level
Jitendra Singh, Sadhana Vaish and Arvind Kumar Singh*
*Scientist(Agronomy), **Sr. Scientist(Home Science), ***Sr. Scientist & Head
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thariaon, Fatehpur

A field experiment was conducted at UP Sodic Land Reclamation Project-III Fatehpur, UP during the
year 2016-17. A case study was under taken to attempt the assessment and management of sodic land
reclamation impact in five villages of sodic category ‘C’ of district Fatehpur. Soil salinity passes serious
threats for sustainable agricultural production out of 6.73 million ha salt effected soil in India nearby 3.8
million ha is occupied by sodic land. Government of Utter Pradesh through U.P. Bhumi Sudhar Nigam
has been executing a project for reclamation of sodic land UPSLRP III Project unit Fatehpur district of
U.P. has been assigned the responsibility of project in 2012-13 of sodic land reclamation at village level.
Reclamation to assess the impact of sodic land reclamation after three year randomly selected 5 villages
reclaimed in the year 2016-17.
The result of reclamation thus implacable the sustainability of sodic land reclamation on taken up under
project.
Keywords: Soil sodicity, soil reclamation, sustainability and crop production

8.3.6 Promoting Organic Farming: A Low-Cost Method

to Increase Agricultural Productivity
Sadhana Vaish, Jitendra Singh and Arvind Kumar Singh
*Sr. Scientist(Home Science),**Scientist(Agronomy),
***Sr. Scientist & Head,Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thariaon, Fatehpur

Every technology or product in the natural ecosystem has its own side effects and from last half a
century we are using the pesticides and herbicides indiscriminately to raise crops, but now its ill effects
are being visible to us. Natural farming or natural agriculture is an extremely low-cost farming method
that completely eliminates and discourages farmers from using any type of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides. It is considered as an agro-ecology based diversified farming system which integrates crops,
trees and livestock with functional biodiversity. In India, Natural farming is promoted as Bharatiya
Prakritik Krishi Paddhati Programme (BPKP) under centrally sponsored scheme- Paramparagat
Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY). BPKP is aimed at promoting traditional indigenous practices which
reduces externally purchased inputs. In order to achieve a more eco-friendly and safe agricultural
environment a study was undertaken with farmers in Bharatpur village of Haswan block, Thariyaon
Fatehpur where farmers were motivated to adopt natural methods like vermincompost, cowdung manure,
etc. to increase farm productivity and reduce adverse effects to health and environment.
Keywords: Natural Farming, Organic Farming, Health, Productivity.
108 Book of Abstracts

8.3.7 Response of Boron and Sulphur on Growth and

Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Sanjay Kumar1 , S.B. Pal2, A.K. Singh3 , R.N. Singh4 and B.K. Sharma5
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Farrukhabad 1,4 and 5 Directorate of Extension 2 and 3

C.S.A. University of Agricutlrure and Technology, Kanpur

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a common cucurbitaceous summer vegetable. It is generally called
Kheera and its second largest cultivated cucubit in the world after china. In India, cucumber is noticed
at least 3000 years ago and during 100 B.C. in china. The immature fruit of cucumber is often raw or
eaten vegetable without cooking and also used as salad, making pickles and pahari rayta etc. Cucumber
contains 96% of water which is good for summer season. Cucumber is also excellent source of
molybdenum, vitamins and potassium. It is traditionally used for facial of face and cure of skin problem.
To increase the farm income achieve food and nutritional security an experiment was conducted by
KVK Farrukhabad at the farmers field to assess the response of boron and sulpher on growth attributes
and fruit yield of cucumber (Kheera) during 2020-21. The crop was cultivated in pit with spacing of
1.2x1.2 meter in RBD design with three replications in different location. The treatment combination
was as followed T1 Farmers practice (NPK-80:40:40), T2 FP (NPK+B 6.25 Kg/ha), T3 FP (NPK+S
12.50 Kg/ha) and T4 FP (NPK+B 6.25 Kg/ha+ S 12.50 Kg/ha) for experimental study. The farmers
practice for NPK was 80:40:40 Kg/ha where the boron and sulphur was applied individually with faramers
practice and combined. One Sixth of Urea, DAP, MOP and Boron and Sulphur were added as basal dose
for the pit before transplanting of seedlings. The rest amount was added in soil as five equal installments.
The treatment (T4) was performed better in term of plant height (265.60cm), numbers of branches per
plant (9.40) and higher number of fruits per plant (29.50) with maximum male and female flower. The
application of boron and sulpher has a remarkable effect on growth and yield of cucumber crop.

8.3.8 Integrated Management of Yellow Mosaic Virus of

green gram (Vigna mungo) under Pulse-wheat Cropping
System in District of Hathras (U.P.)
S.R.Singh and A.K Singh
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hathras (U.P)
Email: -drsrsingh0@gmail.com

Hathras district related to Agro-Climatic Zone of Uttar Pradesh was studied during 2018-19 considering
district as its agricultural zones as unit of investigation because of a marked variation prevails in soil,
climate, cropping pattern, area and productivity which divide in seven blocks. In technology-3 with
shikha (IPM410-30) resistant variety with an average mean yield (7.0 q/ha) as against a yield with a
mean of 5.0 q/ha recorded under farmer’s practices. The incidence of MYMV was recorded 1.5% in
technology-3 but the disease incidence was highest 25% in farmers practice. The results were found
highly significant increase in yield and growth attributes of green gram on resistant variety of MYMV
disease with integrated disease management technologies and reduced disease incidence as comparison
to farmer practices. The technology index was 26.6%, while 30 % maximum technology index was in
technology-3. The high yield and disease resistant varieties with disease management technologies were
found the main factors to give the high achievement on black gram production while farmers were
 Book of Abstracts 109

unaware about these resistant varieties and disease management practices. Farmers were convinced due
to performance of technologies and accepted the ones but farmers want availability of new technologies
inputs timely at local market.

8.3.9 Effect of Foliar Spray of Nutrient and Plant

Growth Regulators on Yield and Quality of Winter
Season Guava Cv. Allahabad Safeda
A. K. Dwivedi, Abhilash Kumar Tiwari and V. K. Tripathi
Department of Fruit Science
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
Email:akhileshdwivedi1963@gmail.com

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most important fruit crops grown well under tropical and sub-
tropical conditions,popularly known as ‘Apple of Tropics’ or ‘Poor man’s apple’ belongs to the family
Myrtaceae. It is native of tropical America. The foliar application of nutrients and plant growth regulators
possess great potentialities in improving fruit set, yieldand quality parameters of guava fruits. Nitrogen
is essential for plant growth, zinc for growth and development, potassium is necessary for photosynthetic
activities and translocation of photosynthates influencing the quality attributes. NAA induces more fruiting,
promotes flowering, whereas GA3 increases fruit retention. Combination of different plant growth
regulators and different nutrients increases economic yield facilitating harvesting.
Thus, keeping these in view the present investigation was carried out in RBD with three replications and
ten treatments in the month of August, 2019 at Department of Horticulture C.S. Azad University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur.The maximum fruit set (61.82 %), fruit retention (59.69 %), fruit
yield (63.36 kg/tree), fruit length (7.69 cm), fruit width (7.72 cm), fruit weight (128.25 gm), fruit
volume (115.07 cc), specific gravity (1.167), TSS (11.18 0Brix), Ascorbic acid (175.67 mg/100 gm),
total sugars (6.86 %),reducing sugar (3.84 %), non-reducing sugar (3.45 %) was found infruits which
were produced from the plants treated with Urea 1 % + NAA 100 ppm,while the minimumfruit set
(47.45 %), fruit retention (39.18 %), fruit yield (46.16 kg/tree), fruit length (6.55 cm), fruit width (6.62
cm), fruit weight (99.74 gm), fruit volume (93.69 cc), specific gravity (0.933), TSS (7.800Brix),
Ascorbic acid (154.16 mg/100 gm), total sugars (6.08 %),reducing sugar (2.90 %), non-reducing sugar
(2.92 %) was found in the fruits which were produced from the plants kept under control. Minimum
acidity (0.506 %) was found in fruits which were produced from the plants treated with Urea 1 % +
NAA 100 ppm, whereas maximum was found in control. Therefore, combined spray of Urea 1% + NAA
100 ppm can be advocated to guava growers for securing higher yield and better quality of guava fruits.
110 Book of Abstracts

8.3.10 Studies on Macro-Nutrient Requirement of

Potato (Solanumtuberosum. L)
Ram Pyare, A. K. Yadav, H. V. Dube, P. K. Singh, SurajKatiyar and R. K. Pal
Department of Vegetable Science, C.S Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email: rampyare2012@rediffmail.com

The field study wasconducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of
Agriculture & Technology Kalyanpur, Kanpur.The treatments were arranged in Randomized Block Design
(RBD) with 3 replications during 2020-21. The used of different doses of NPK fertilizers with 12
treatments viz. T 1(0:80:150), T2(120:80:150), T3(180:80:150), T4(240:80:150), T5(300:80:150),
T6(240:0:150), T7(240:40:150), T8(240:120:150), T9(240:80:0), T10 (240:80:50), T11(240:80:100) and
T12(Control)with taken the characters plant emergence, plant height, number of shoots/plant at 50 days
after planting, graded wise 0-25g, 25-75g and more than 75g. Number and yields, tuber dry matter,
fresh and dry haulm, yield bio marsh yield and economics. The results observed that significant highest
tuber yield of 37.64 tone/ha was recorded in treatment, 240:120:150kg/haof NPK followed by
240:80:100kg/ha of NPK (35.95 t/ha). The minimum tuber yield of 15.54 t/ha was recorded in Control.
The maximum net returns of Rs. 147227.00/ha was obtained in 240:120:150kg/ha of NPK with B:C
ratio of 1:2.19. The maximum dry matter (20.50%)was recorded in 0:80:150 applied of NPK treatment.

8.3.11 Organic farming Towards Improving Farmer

Socio-Economic Profile
Birendra Kumar*, Anjani Kr. Singh, Raj Karan Sahu, Bhartendu Yadav
Deptt. of Agril. Economics & Statistics, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology
Kanpur – 208002
Email: yadavbkumar.5@gmail.com

Organic farming is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic such as compost manure, green
manure, and bone meal and emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting.
Australia has the largest organic agriculture area (35.6 million ha) followed by Argentina (3.4 million ha)
and China (3 million ha), (IFOAM, 2016). In 2017, 2.9 million organic producers were reported, which
is 5% more than 2016. India continues to be the country with the highest number of producers (835200)
followed by Uganda (210352) and Mexico (210000) etc. As on 31st March 2018, total area under
organic certification process (registered under National Programme for Organic Production) is 3.56 M
ha, 2017-18. This includes 1.78 million ha (50%) cultivable area and another 1.78 million ha (50%) for
wild harvest cultivation. Among all the states, Madhya Pradesh has covered largest area under organic
certification followed by Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. During 2016, Sikkim has achieved
a remarkable distinction of converting its entire cultivable land (> 76000 ha) under organic certification.
A total of 68.8 million ha were organically managed at the end of 2017. Representing, a growth of 20
percent 11.7 million ha over 2016. So, a proper infrastructure, technology imbursement, training etc is
required to develop the backbone of the economy. There is very broad scope of organic farming towards
development of socio-economic profile of the marginal farmers a.w.a. the whole economy.
Keywords: organic farming, socio-economic, economy
 Book of Abstracts 111

8.3.12 Influence of Zinc, Boron and Molybdenum on

Yield Attributing Characters and Seed Yield of Mung
Bean [Vigna radiata (L.)
Rishabh Kumar Singh, C L Maurya, V K Chourasiya, Paras Kushwaha and Harshit Gupta
Seed Science and Technology, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kanpur-208002
Email: rishabhsinghagriculture@gmai.com

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid season of 2020 at Crop Research Farm, Chandra Shekhar
Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, (U.P) to study the “Influence of
Zinc, Boron and Molybdenum on Seed Yield Attributing Character and Seed yield of Mung Bean [Vigna
radiata (L.) Wilczek]”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications.
The experiment consisted of twenty seven treatment combinations comprising of three levels of Zinc
(0, 10 and 25 kg Zn ha-1), three levels of Boron (0, 5 and 10 kg Bo ha-1) along with three levels of
Molybdenum (0, 5 and 10 gm Mo kg-1 seed treatment). The experimental results revealed that the most
of the treatments significantly affect the seed yield. The basal application of Boron @ 5 kg ha-1 registered
value for significantly higher in yield attributes character such as number of cluster/plant (10.07),
number of pod/cluster (4.72), number of pod/plant (50.59) and number of seed/pod (10.93). Significantly
highest seed yield enhanced by the Boron @ 5 Kg ha-1 (947.37 Kg ha-1) followed by the Zinc @ 10 kg ha-
1
(931.40 Kg ha-1) and lowest enhanced by Molybdenum @ 5 gm kg-1 seed treatment (917.84 Kg ha-1)
as compared to control. The combined application of Zinc @ 10 kg ha-1 and Boron 5 kg ha-1 with the
Seed treatment of Molybdenum (5 gm Mo kg-1 seed) significantly improved all the yield attributing
characters such as number of cluster per plant, number of pod per cluster, number of pods per plant,
number of seeds per pod and seed yield ha-1 of mung bean. The synergistic influence of these three
micronutrients helped augmenting growth and yield of the crop.

TECHNICAL SESSION-9
PLANT HEALTH MANAGEMENT FOR RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE
CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY IN PRODUCTION

9.1.1 Climate Resilient and Sustainable Development of

Horticulture
Agarwal, R.G. and Dr. Tomar, A. S.mm
Dhanuka Agritech Ltd. Global Gateway Towers, Tower ‘B’, Near Guru Dronacharya Metro Station
MG Road, Gurugram - 122002, Haryana

Climate-resilient farming systems are very important to promote the sustainability of agriculture at
global level. Horticultural crops are particularly sensitive to climate changes because of their high water
demand and temperature requirements. Increased or decreased rainfall and temperature results in drought
or flooding, lack of water for irrigation, pests and diseases epidemic can affect the suitability of areas
for growing horticultural crops. Understanding the impacts of climate for given crop under specific
conditions is a key to support further development of horticulture sector. Climate changes significantly
112 Book of Abstracts

affects the performance of horticultural crops across climatic zones and that countries need to be better
prepared to address these effects. Horticulture covers myriad crops (including fruits and vegetables),
which are affected by climate changes in different ways. Agriculture which is highly affected by climate
changes is devolved to the States; as such, policies relevant to it are expected to be implemented at State
level. In this regard, Push–Pull Technology (PPT) is an ecological approach to a farming system that
aims to improve the climate resilience of producers in a smallholder mixed farming system. PPT is
primarily designed to control pests and weeds in an ecofriendly approach, to improve soil fertility, to
improve livestock feed, and to increase farmers’ incomes. Digital climate resilience services can directly
impact the resilience of smallholder farmers such as open satellite data, low-cost sensors, big data and
machine learning. Mobile network operator (MNO) assets provide the basis for further innovation,
facilitating localization and scale-up of these services. The role of agri-drones for spray of fertilizers and
pesticides is all the more critical for precision spraying while saving water. The propagation of drone
technology across our Nation will be the key in Sustainable Development of Horticulture. Agricultural
financial services, such as credit, enables farmers to access inputs and assets to support climate-smart
agricultural practices, while agricultural index insurance provides a safety net for those affected by
adverse weather events.

9.1.2 Innovations in Pest Management System for

Resilient and Sustainable Development in Horticulture
A. K. Karnatak
Vice-Chancellor
VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Uttarakhand
Email: vc27uuhfm@gmail.com

Horticulture sector is recognised to have the potential to raise the farm income, provide livelihood
security and earn foreign exchange. Horticultural crops viz., fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, spices,
medicinal & aromatic and plantation crops, have vast scope of value addition which provides additional
employment to farm family. It is the back bone of Indian agriculture which contributes about 30% of
agricultural gross domestic product (GDP). The fruits and vegetables, which are extremely nutritious
horticultural produce with tremendous human health benefits, are attacked by various insect, pests and
diseases resulting in standing crop and post-harvest losses as well as highly perishable and are readily
prone to spoilage during storage, resulting in a decrease in quality attributes and induced food loss.
Significant amounts of fruits and vegetables produced globally go to waste owing to improper management
of insect & pests and diseases, improper handling, transportation, post-harvest operations and lack of
processing, etc. Such losses could be ameliorated by adopting effective management strategies, enhanced
post-harvest research, development, management and processing of horticultural produce. Creating and
adopting innovative approaches and policies, for reducing global fruit and vegetable losses, that are
accessible to small-scale farmers in developing countries could substantially prevent such amount of
losses. The reduction of losses can help to achieve sustainability in balancing economic, social and
environmental dimensions. Intensive focus must be put on to the development of advanced technologies
to boost up global food security by enriching the world’s agricultural economy with minimal losses of
consumable fruits and vegetables. Some of the new initiatives like focus on planting material production,
cluster development programme, credit push, formation and promotion of farmer producer organisations
(FPOs) are the right steps in this direction. The new technologies in recent years such as drone camera,
remote sensing, aerial Ultra-low volume (ULV) applicators, drone sprayers and aerial unmanned vehicles
used in present scenario has been adjusting the ways that farmers treat crops and manage fields. Whereas,
 Book of Abstracts 113

advance technologies like nanotechnology, ecological engineering and push pull strategy are cost effective,
smart and sustainable. These are thus the necessary steps towards the development of safe, economical
and sustainable methods of pest management in horticultural crops, as well as food security, for the
future.
Keywords: Horticulture, GDP, Insect & Pests, Post-harvest Technologies, FPOs

9.1.3 Bio-intensive Management of Insect Pests in

Horticulture Crops
H. S. Singh and Gundappa Baradevanal
Division of Crop Protection, ICAR: Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture
Rahmankhera, PO Kakori, 226101
Email: singhhs211965@gmail.com

Agriculture sustainability, soil degradation, biodiversity, impact on human health and the environment as a
whole are some of the concerns that are raised against the current chemical-based strategy. The search for
alternatives with a focus on the long-term sustainability of agriculture has been enhanced in the last decade.
There are practices which have evolved as alternatives to chemical use in agriculture keeping in view the
increasing demand for green agriculture products across the world. Bio-intensive pest management is a
systems approach based on an understanding of pest ecology that ensures ecosystem services. It begins
with steps to accurately diagnose the nature and source of pest problems and then relies on a range of
preventive tactics and biological controls to keep pest populations within acceptable limits. It emphasizes
proactive measures to redesign the agricultural ecosystem to the disadvantage of insect pests and the
advantage of its parasite and predator complex but at the same time, shares many of the same components
as conventional IPM. Natural control and Bio diversity below and above the ground are highly emphasized
and find priority in Bio-intensive pest management. In order to achieve these, various practices have been
recommended. BIPM may be most useful in situations where potentially effective natural enemies have
become ineffective due to biotic or abiotic factors and the pests cannot be satisfactorily (economically and/
or environmentally) controlled by other methods. It may be most popular among organic growers and has
potential, especially in orchards There are certain researchable issues in bio-intensive pest management
which have been elaborated in the paper. The benefits of implementing BIPM can include reduced chemical
input costs, reduced environmental impacts, and more effective and sustainable pest management and
such reductions will benefit the grower and in turn the society.

9.1.4 Recent Trends in Developing Molecular

Diagnostics for Virus/ Virus-like Pathogens Infecting
Horticultural Crops and their Novel Management
Strategy
Dilip K. Ghosh
ICAR- Central Citrus Research Institute, Amravati Road, Nagpur - 440 033, India
Email:ghoshdk@hotmail.com, director.ccri@icar.gov.in

Diseases caused by Virus/ Virus-like pathogens (VLPs) are considered as an important limiting factor
for sustainable development of horticulture industry particularly in vegetatively propagated horticulture
114 Book of Abstracts

crops in India. What were previously described as virus diseases of crop plants are actually an array of
plant pathogens which include viroids, spiroplasma, phytoplasma and different groups of plant viruses.
The economic importance of these group of pathogens derives largely from their ability to cause systemic
diseases and to persist in vegetative parts of the plant for as long as these remain alive. Unlike bacterial
and fungal diseases where chemotherapy is possible in field conditions, virus elimination from infected
field trees is virtually impossible. Thus, losses are not only confined to season in which infection occurs
and the plant that is infected, but continue as long as the infected line is in culture and thus serves as
source of secondary spread of the disease.
Citrus and banana are two most important fruit crops in India and are infected by several Virus/ VLPs.
In citrus, where mandarin, sweet orange and acid lime are grown as commercial crops, five pathogens
viz. citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV), citrus yellow mosaic virus (CYMV),
citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus causing citrus greening disease
(HLB) are of major concern. All three commercial citrus cultivars are infected by these pathogens either
singly or as mixed infection resulting into gradual decline of citrus orchards. These pathogens are
transmitted by infected budwoods and/or insect vectors. Bio-diagnosis, sero-diagnosis and nucleic acid
based diagnostics have been standardized for sensitive and reliable detection of these pathogens. A
multitude of molecular diagnostic techniques viz. PCR, RT-PCR, duplex PCR, real time PCR, LAMP,
RPA etc are being used routinely for detection of these pathogens in citrus plant samples as well as their
potential insect vectors. Similarly genomes of these major pathogens have been cloned, sequenced and
their variability, phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships has been established. Standardized molecular
diagnostic tools has been successfully utilized to implement citrus budwood certification program and
to develop certified virus-free planting material every year for the citrus growers of India. However,
effective and economical management of these systemic and graft transmissible pathogens infecting a
vegetatively propagated important fruit crop like citrus or banana are likely to be developed based on
integrated strategies involving host resistance to the pathogen(s) and vectors; inoculum exclusion, removal
or reduction of pathogen load; vector control; cultural practices; and new novel approaches that includes
transgenic virus resistance through future research.

9.1.5 Effective Management of Insect Pests for

Sustainable Development of Horticulture
A. K. Chakravarthy
Environment Management Policy Research Institute (EMPRI), J. P. Nagar, Bangalore-560078
E-mail: chakravarthyakshay@gmail.com

Large scale crop monocultures encourage the proliferation of pest and pathogens on cultivated crops.
several studies highlight the impacts plants diversification upon pathogens and insect pests. It also helps
in increasing the population of beneficial organisms in horticultural ecosystems. Habitat manipulation
techniques as intercropping, relay cropping, crop rotation and boarder cropping can significantly assist
the farmers in management of pests and diseases. The concept of crop diversity recent insights and
mechanisms underlying crop diversity and its potential to increase or improve sustainable horticulture
practices has been well documented. The phytobiomes resulting from increased crop diversity are
increasingly recognise for their contribution to disease and pest management. Understanding the interaction
between pest and pathogens with their host phytobiome may lead to novel options for crop protection.
Recent advances in horticultural systems embraced, understanding the mechanisms of interactions
between crop species and genotypes, ecological interactions in horticultural ecosystems and the role of
local landscape or habitat variations in horticultural systems in necessary to effectively suppress pest
 Book of Abstracts 115

and pathogens. Intercropping and mixed cropping of different crops or varieties or traditional practices
that have long been used for preventing disease and pest infestations across different regions worldwide.
Keywords: Crop diversity, Host Resistance, Phytobiome, Sustainability, Horticultural ecosystems

9.1.6 The role NRL, ICAR-NRC for Grapes, in

Managing Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables
T. P. Ahammed Shabeerand Kaushik Banerjee
ICAR-NRC Grapes, Pune 412307
Email: shabsnrcg@gmail.com, kbgrape@yahoo.com

ICAR-NRC Grapes is the designated national referral laboratory (NRL) in the field of pesticide residues.
Its NRL status is recognized by ICAR, APEDA and FSSAI. In 2003-2004, the Indian grapes exported to
the European Union countries faced a complete ban due to the presence of certain pesticide residues
above the prescribed EU-MRLs. As a corrective action, the EU authority had advised India to establish
a traceability monitoring system for controlling the pesticide residues in grapes for further initiation of
grape export to the EU. As a repercussion to this, APEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Government of India
recognized ICAR-NRC for Grapes as the National Referral Laboratory (NRL) to establish a traceability
system for the control of pesticide residues in table grapes for export. Subsequently, FSSAI had recognized
the institute as a gazette notified NRL for the purpose of any dispute resolution in relation to sample
(domestic or imported) failures for non-compliances to the national MRLs. Over the past 18 years, the
institute has significantly contributed to integrating all the stakeholders involved in export, and led the
efforts of developing the internet based traceability system called GrapeNet, and HortiNet for fruits and
vegetables. The institute has played a pivotal role in coordinating the efforts of the grower community,
exporters, government-regulators, crop-protection industries, academic researchers, and policymakers
in garnering, maintaining, and improving support for the judicious usage of agro-chemicals in vineyards.
The institute scientists have been engaged in educating and promoting the growers, exporters, and other
stakeholders, and through this extensive transfer of technologies, a pool of competent human resources
has been developed to produce high quality grapes with MRL compliances. Under the GrapeNet system,
ICAR-NRCG is serving the responsibility of suggesting the list of CIB&RC label-claimed agro-chemicals
as a guidance document (Annexure 5) to the growers for the field level pest and pesticide residue
management. With the active support of the institute, the number of suggested chemicals (with CIB&RC
label claim) in Annexure 5 has been increased from 48 (2017-18) to 51 in 2018-19, to 61 in 2019-20, and
to 70 in the 2021-22 grape season. The list of chemicals for monitoring has been increased from 98
pesticides in 2010-11 to 268 in 2021-22. The institute is conducting a lot of residue trials every year in
collaboration with the agrochemical industries, and through this, the number of pesticides with CIB&RC
label claim for grapes is steadily increasing providing expanded choice of chemicals for pest management.
The institute is also coordinating with all stakeholders and deciding the monitoring list of pesticides in
export consignments to cover all the chemicals that might appear in grapes through direct and indirect
sources. Furthermore, the official control of pesticide residues has been extended to the export markets
other than the EU, including Russia, China, GCC, Indonesia, Canada etc. in the same line.The fit-for-
purpose residue analysis methods contributed by the institute have been adopted across the nominated
laboratories because of their high accuracy and precision, simplicity, high-throughput, and cost-
effectiveness, ensuring the quality of residue testing of the country having equivalent proficiency to the
rest of the world. The institute is extensively contributing to the capacity building of the commercial
testing laboratories by organizing field-level and lab-based training courses. NRL is an accredited laboratory
under ISO 17025. It is also an accredited proficiency testing provider (ISO 17043) in the country on
116 Book of Abstracts

pesticide residues. These accreditations endorse the technical competence of NRL and quality of its
services to the grape industry, which is reflected in the increasing trend of export of horticultural
commodities from the country.

9.1.7. Organic Crop Health Management in Herbal

Plants: A Paradigm Shift in Agro-tourism in India
Krishna Kumar*1 and Dinesh Rai2
1
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. RPCAU, Piprakothi, Motihari
East Champran, Bihar
2
Department of Plant Pathology, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar
Email:: kkpath@gmail.com

Medicinal plants are found in the wild throughout the country and are used for various purposes including
traditional herbal remedy and extraction of phytochemicals for homoeopathic and ayurvedic drugs,
cosmetics, neutraceuticals/ dietary supplements, functional foods and aroma therapy oils. The history
of cultivation and use of medicinal plants in India is quite ancient. In one way or other, many of these
plants have been an integral part of Indian health and livelihood systems. The rich knowledge that
developed in the region is well recorded in the earlier scriptures known as Vedas. The earliest references
to medicinal plants can be found in Rig Veda and Atharva Veda, dating back to 5000 B.C. As a result of
ancient knowledge and civilizations which flourished in India, that one of the earliest complete systems
of health care was developed in the region, known as Ayurveda.
There are various estimates and guesstimates of the total number of plant species in medicinal use in
India. More than 7000 plants species have known used as medicinal plants out of 17000-18000 flowering
plants species in India. About 22% of the production sourced through cultivation. The annual per capita
consumption of drugs in the country is around US$ 3, which is the lowest in the world, mainly because
traditional medicines based on sound ancient system of medicine are still prevalent in the country (Sharma,
2000). Market value of medicinal plants in India according to findings in 2016 states it was 72 billion
USD and by 2050 this is estimated to reached about USD 5 Trillion. Changes in climate, adoption of
intensive cultivation practices in medicinal plant production posing serious threat of insects, mites,
disease pathogens and nematodes. Most of the medicinal plants are consumed directly or used in the
preparations of various formulations in traditional system of medicine and some of the active principles
are extracts o isolated for the preparation of allopathic drug. The medicinal plants quantity and quality of
biomass are adversely affected by various diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses and
phytoplasmas threatening the yield, biomass, bioactive potential of medicinal plants of the sub-tropics.
Currently, fungal diseases (root rot, wilt, leaf spots, blight/ anthracnose) and root-knot nematodes are
common and important diseases during crop cultivation. Therefore, control of pests and diseases in
medicinal and aromatic plants has to be taken seriously to avoid the adverse impact of pesticide residues
or other chemicals. In general, medicinal and aromatic plants are very resistant to pests and diseases.
However, organic farming
Organic farming, ecological farming, and biodynamic farming are the components of natural way of
farming. It is self sustaining system provides the natural strength in plants to avoid, tolerate and resist
against the disease and pests, reason being the medicinal and aromatic plants have wide adaptability.
Organic farming and its aim is to create integrated, humane, environmentally and economically sustainable
agricultural production systems, which maximize reliance on farm-derived renewable resources and the
management of ecological and biological processes and interactions, so as to provide acceptable level of
 Book of Abstracts 117

crop, livestock and human nutrition, protection from pests and diseases and an appropriate return to the
human and other resources employed.Organically grown medicinal and aromatic products are not only
readily acceptableinglobal market but also fetch premium prices than those grown with conventional
farming. Organic crop health or disease management is an important component of organic production
of medicinal plants. Medicinal and aromatic plants perform better with organic manures, biofertilizers
and mycorrhizal association. Weeds, insects-pests could be managed effectively with mulches and bio-
pesticides, respectively. Many of the studies were carried out with different types of biopesticides in
medicinal plants and crop performed better after using the biopesticides under biotic and abiotic stress.
Agricultural tourism has become a necessary means for many small farms’ survival. By diversifying
business operations, farm operators are able to ensure a more stable income. This is because agritourism
activities can occur during times of the year that crops may not be in season, and by providing a
completely separate stream of income. Some studies have found that agritourism operations often benefit
their surrounding communities by drawing tourists to the area. The economic boost by the increase in
traffic can be beneficial to rural areas in need of diversified streams of income. Cultivation of Flori-
medicinal plants with good landscaping in rural as well as urban area would be best agricultural tourism
and also ensure a more stable income to the farmers.

9.1.8 Diagnostic and Sustainable Management of

Disease Sub-tropical Fruits
P.K. Shukla
PS, CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow

9.1.9 Harnessing Plant Microbiome for Disease

Management of Horticultural Crops:
Changing Paradigms
Popy Bora
Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 745013, Assam
Email : pbora.sonitpur10@gmail.com

Plant health care through disease redressal is the primary service to horticultural crops to harness their
ability to sustain human health . Plants and core microbiome diversity have co-evolved , while serving to
each other in complementing crop production, which undergo transcriptional biochemical modifications
in response to pathogen attacks by triggering the accumulation of defense proteins. With a major break
though in successful management of crown gall pathogen A. tumifaciens through microbial intervention
by using strain of Agrobacterium radibactor K 84, microbes have paved their way in disease management
under organic and integrated crop management programmes. Trichoderma spp, Bacilus spp , Fluorescent
Pseudomonads are considered as key players in crop health management in fruits and vegetables in
terms of disease management vis -a- vis growth promotion. Various fungal antagonists, such as
Chaetomium sp, Aureobasidium sp and Phoma spp. were also reported to inhibit the growth of apple
scab fungus, while other antagonists such as B. subtilis and T. koningii have been effective in controlling
118 Book of Abstracts

apple canker. Microbial antagonists are more suited for control of soil borne pathogenic genera represented
by Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium and Sclerotium, where microbial antagonists such as
Trihcoderma spp., Gliocladium spp, Verticillum spp., Bacillus subtilis, Agrobacterium radiobacter.,
Pseudomonas spp proved their worth beyond any doubt. Bacterial wilt (R. solanacearum), fungal wilt
(Fusarium spp.), damping off and root rot (Pythium spp, Phytopthora spp, Rhizoctonia solani),
Anthacnose (Colletotrichum spp), Tropical race-4 of banana (Fusarium oxysporum) etc. are few examples
of complex diseases with successfully managed through microbial antagonists under field conditions.Our
experiences in northeast India greatly contributed to microbes mediated disease management as a part of
Organic Horticulture through development of an array of bioformulations. Compatibility assay of different
antagonistic microbes and entomopathogens such as T. viride,P fluorescens, Bacillus spp and M.
anisopleae have been extremely successful , besides managing diseases through large number of field
studies in crops like citrus, banana , tea, turmeric , ginger , capsicum , tomato, chilli, lettuce and
patchouli using microbial antagonists, preferably in a consortia mode. Seed treatment of vegetable seeds
with nano-bio formulation of Trichoderma asperellum and chitosan NP suppressed the growth of F.
oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani.

9.2 Oral Presentations

9.2.1 Management of Citrus Scab and Citrus Scan and

Canker with Fungicides and Antibiotics in Sweet orange
T. Rajasekharam1, K. Gopal2, L. Mukundalakshmi3, D. Srinivasa Reddy4,
K.T. Venkata Ramana5 and R. V. S. K. Reddy6
Senior scientist (Plant pathology) 1 Registrar2, Dr. YSR Horticultural University, Senior Scientist (Hort)3
Senior scientist (Ento)4, Principal Scientist & Zonal Research Head5, The Director of Research6
Email: trajasekharam@gmail.com

Citrus scab, caused by Elsinoefawcettii, and canker, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodispvcitri, are
important diseases on sweet orange in Andhra Pradesh. Both the diseases cause blemishes on fruit that
does not affect internal quality but reduce the exterior quality of fruits produced for the fresh market.
Hasta bahar crop is more prone to disease because of higher per cent relative humidity during flowering
and fruit setting. At early stage of infection both the disease symptoms appear similar. Five fungicides
namely, Tridemorph(0.1%), carbendazim (0.1%), hexaconazole (0.2%), mancozeb (0.3%),
copperoxychloride (0.3%) were evaluated for the control of scab and bacterial canker, streptocycline
(streptomycin sulphate and tetracycline hydrochloride, 9:1 ratio) @ 100ppm was sprayed in combination.
Three sprayings were imposed,first spray immediately after pruning diseased and dead wood, 2nd spray
two weeks after fruit set and 3rd at fruit marble stage. Hexaconazole + streptocycline and hexaconazole
found effective for scab control with 2.89 and 3.56 per cent disease index (PDI) on fruit, respectively.
In case of canker, streptocycline in combination with hexaconazole, mancozeb, copperoxychloride
recorded zero per cent PDI and copperoxychloride alone recorded 0.22 per cent which were significantly
superior among the treatments. Hexaconazole and Hexaconazole +Streptocycline recorded maximum
BC ratio of 3.5 and to conclude, Hexaconazole in combination with Streptocycline under field conditions
is promising for scab and canker disease control.
 Book of Abstracts 119

9.2.2 Harnessing Pesticidal Efficacy of Rhizospheric

Bacillus spp against Oligonychus coffeae of Tea,
Camellia sinensis
Sukanya Gogoi*, Popy Bora and Mridupol Handique
Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013, Assam
Email: sgogoi119@gmail.com

Oligonychus coffeae, popularly known as red spider mite (RSM), is one of the most destructive pests in
all the tea producing regions of North East India causing a significant harvest loss of 17-46%. The
present investigation was made to explore plant beneficial microbial genus Bacillus as environmentally
safe alternative to chemicals against RSM. Three Bacillus spp viz., B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis
and B. subtilis were evaluated for their efficacy as entomopathogen against RSM in terms of adult
mortality, repellent and ovicidal activity. The study showed that all the three bacterial isolates showed
higher effectiveness compared to the control. Secondary metabolite profiling of the bacterial isolates
demonstrated presence of pesticidal compounds. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study of the
dead mites further established entomopathogenic ability of Bacillus spp against RSM in tea. The study
unravels the possibilities of using these bacterial species as environmentally safer alternative to insecticides
against Red spider mite.
Keywords: Bacillus, Insecticides, Oligonychus coffeae, Secondary metabolite, SEM.

9.2.3 The potential Habitat of Onion Thrips, Thrips

tabaci Lindeman in India under CMIP6 Projections
V, Karuppaiah*1, R. Maruthadurai22., D3. Bappa, P.S. Soumia4, V. Mahajan55 and M. Singh6
1,4,5,6
ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune 410505, Maharashtra
2,3
ICAR- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Old Goa 403402, Goa
Email: karuppaiahv2008@gmail.com

Climate change impacts the spread of agricultural pests outside their dynamic range, severity, and
invasion. Modelling the future potential habitat of pests using MaxEnt under different climatic scenarios
is an effective method for prevention and management. Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman is an
economically important pest of onion in India and poses a significant threat to the domestic and export
supply. In this line, a study attempted to predict the potential habitat of onion thrips T. tabaci under
CMIP6 projections for better management plans based on two socio-economic pathways (SSPs) for
2050 and 2070. We analyzed T. tabaci occurrence data and 19 bio-climatic variables using the MaxEnt.
We evaluated models performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
(AUC) and the Jackknife test to determine the dominant variable. The model demonstrated higher accuracy,
with significant AUC values in training and testing. Annual Mean Temperature (bio1), Annual Precipitation
(bio12) and Precipitation Seasonality (bio15) are the main environmental variables that could determine
the potential habitat of T. tabaci in India. A total of 678280.9 sq. km (20.64 %) of India’s land area is
high potential habitat for T. tabaci. Model predicted some new areas, especially higher latitudes as high
potential habitat of onion thrips. However, prediction revealed that, in 2050 and 2070, high-potential
areas projected to decrease for both SSP scenarios. Thus, the information generated is of paramount
importance in framing monitoring and management strategies for one of the destructive pests of onion
120 Book of Abstracts

9.2.4 Evaluation of New Insecticides Against Leaf Curl

Virus Vector of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.)
Bhupendra Kumar Singh, Dhananjai Singh, V. B. Jaiswal and M. K. Singh
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Etawah, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
Email: drbksinghcsa@gmail.com and bhupendra_dr@rediffmail.com

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.) is very remunerative vegetable crop of the country and provides
balanced dietary source of the antioxidant lycopene, which is linked to many health benefits, including
reduced risk of heart disease and cancer. It is grown for its edible fruits, which can be consumed either
raw or in the form of various processed products such as paste, powder, ketchup, sauce, soup and
canned whole fruits. Tomato is also a good source of vitamins A, B and C (Khoso, 1994). In India, the
production of tomato was 21173 thousand MT on an area of 811 thousand ha with the productivity of
26.10 MT per ha during 2019-20. Majority of vegetable growers of district Etawah of Uttar Pradesh are
cultivating tomato crop during all the seasons. But the farmers could not get the high benefit from this
crop due to the incidence of leaf curl disease. The farmers of the district are not aware about its vector
and effective management. Keeping in view of the economic losses due to disease, an on-farm trial was
conducted during 2020-21 and 2021-22 on farmer’s field with three treatments i.e. farmer’s practice
(spray of Imidachloprid), two spray of Diafenthiuron 50 % WP @ 250 g/ha and two spray of
Thiomethoxam @ 120 g/ ha.
Results of the trial revealed that the spraying of Diafenthiuron 50 % WP @ 250 g/ha was found very
effective and recorded 19.41% and 15.25 % higher yield in comparison to farmers practice during both
the years, respectively. It was also found that the lowest leaf curl incidence of 4.20 and 3.95 % and
lowest occurrence of vector white fly (1.05 and 0.94 per plant ) in both the years under the treatment of
spraying of Diafenthiuron 50 % WP. It was followed by spraying of Thiomethoxam @ 120 g/ha. The
lowest yields of 340.23 and 352.24 q/ha, highest leaf curl incidence of 15.31 and 14.62 % and highest
vector population (3.12 and 2.93 per plant) were observed under farmer’s practice (spray of Imidachloprid)
during both the years, respectively. The similar trend of fruit yield was also found in economic return.
The highest additional net income of Rs. 134390 and Rs. 152176 was obtained in the Diafenthiuron
treated fields whereas lowest of Rs. 101071 and Rs. 123032 under farmer’s practice during bothe the
years, respectively.

9.2.5 Evaluation of New Fungicides Against Black Scurf

Disease of a Potato
Bhupendra Kumar Singh, V. B. Jaiswal, M. K. Singh and Dhananjai Singh
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Etawah, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
Email: drbksinghcsa@gmail.com

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; Family: Solanaceae) is one of the major food crop of the world. It is an
important vegetable cash crop, which provides balanced source of starch, vitamins and minerals as
staple food to millions of people in the world. Potato has emerged as fourth most important food crop in
India after rice, wheat and maize. The total area under potato cultivation in India is about 1703988.4
hectare area with productivity of 253 q/ha. Uttar Pradesh producing potato on 571359 hectare with an
average yield of 298.5 q/ha. In district Etawah potato is grown on about 16129 ha area. Among several
 Book of Abstracts 121

yield limiting factors, black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is predominant. The
fungus limits the growth by forming cankers on sprouts, underground stems, and stolons, and makes
tubers ugly by forming black scurf (sclerotia) on tuber surfaces. It not only reduces the quality of
potato but also causes 5-40 per cent economic losses. On farm trial was conducted during 2020-21 and
2021-22 on 5 farmer’s field with three treatments i.e. Farmer’s practice without seed treatment (T1),
seed treatment with Thifluzamide 24 SC @ 750 ml/ha (T2) and seed treatment with Penflufen @ 250 ml/
ha (T3), to assess the effect of these fungicides on disease incidence, tuber yield and economics.
Penflufen @ 250 ml/ha gave the highest tuber yield 340.22 and 343.42 q/ha and the lowest infected
tubers 11.20 and 10.59 % in 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. Thifluzamide 24 SC @ 750 ml/ha
treated tubers wee also gave satisfactory yield (333.9 and 338.23 q/ha) and reduced infected tubers
(13.05 and 12.45 %) in 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. The lowest yields (317.45 and 319.45 q/ha)
and highest infected tubers (30.33 and 32.45 %) were recorded under untreated fields during both the
year, respectively. The trend of economic benefits was also found similar to crop yield. The trend of
economic benefits was also found similar to crop yield.

9.2.6 Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer of Brinjal

through Bio-pesticides
Abhimanyu Yadav* and Sanjai Kumar
KVK, Farukhabad, C. S. Azad Univ of Agri & Tech, Kanpur, U.P.
Email: abhi.kvk@gmail.com

Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous crop. It is popular for vegetable
purpose. Shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) is a common problem in brinjal crop and farmers
are using several chemicals indiscriminate manner to the management of this devastating problem.
These chemicals are health hazards to human beings, arise the resistance power in pests, pollutants to
the environment and are very costly also. So, keeping in view the importance of the problem, an
experiment was conducted on five farmer’s fields in natural conditions with the treatments as (T1) Five
spray of Neem leaf extract (5%), (T2) Five spray of Neem Seed Kerenel Extract (NSKE) (5%), (T3)
Five spray of Neem oil 1% EC (0.3%). (T4) Two spray of Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC (0.03 %) with
alternation three spray of Neem leaf extract (5%) and also maintained untreated plots as control (T5).
Spraying was carried out from 30 days after planting at 15 days intervals in all treatments except
control. Observations on affected fruit percentage and yield were recorded. Data of experiment revealed
that the all treatments were found superior over control. Average 29, 25, 24, 21 and 53% of affected
fruits and 280, 302, 314, 322 and 195 q/ha average yield were recorded in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5,
respectively. Although, Two spray of Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC (0.03 %) with alternation three spray of
Neem leaf extract (5%) was found most effective treatment but, other treatments mentioned with
neem-based products like- neem oil, NSKE and neem leaf extract were also found suitable as chemical-
free as well as less expensive option to management the shoot and fruit borer brinjal. Hence, the farmers
can chose option Neem oil or NSKE or Neem leaf extract to protect the brinjal crop from shoot and fruit
borer with economical and eco-friendly neem-based products.
122 Book of Abstracts

9.2.7 Effect of Different Insecticides and Biopesticides

Against Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner)
on Tomato crop
Ram Singh Umaro, Umesh Chandra, Y.P. Malik and D.R. Singh.
Department of Entomology
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur -208002 (UP)
Email- umraorscsau@gmail.com

Tomato is a one of the major vegetable crops in India, and India is the largest producer of tomato in the
world. The crop is attacked by a number of insect pests fruit borer is the key of this crop. A field
experiment was conducted in order to test the efficacy of biopesticides against fruit borer (Helicoverpa
armigera Hubner) of tomato crop. The application of Malathion, Quinalphos and Neemarin effectively
minimize the larval population of Heliceverpa armigera up to 1.33, 1.66 and 2.00 larvae per 10 plants
after second day with 76.50, 70 67 and 64.66 per cent reduction over control respectively. Further these
treatments decreasing the larval population up to 1.66, 2.00 and 2.323 larvae per 10 plants after 4 day of
spraying followed by 68.85, 62.47 and 56.28 per cent reduction over control respectively. Again above
treatments reduced the larval population 1.33, 2.00 and 2.33 larvae per 10 plants after 6 day with
reduction percentage 80.03, 69.96 and 65.0 respectively. In continuous above the larval population
decreases up to 1.33, 1.66 and 2.33 larvae per 10 plants after 10" day with reduction 81.00, 76.28 and
66.71 per cent respectively. Further above insecticides gave reduced 1.00, 1.33 and 2.00 larvae per 10
plants after 1" spray of 15 day followed by 86.35, 81.85 and 72.71 per cent reduction over control
respectively. The use of Malathion, Quinalphos and Neemarin found highly by giving reduced L.33, 1.66
and 2.00 larval population per 10 plants after 2 day of 2 spray with 83.37, 79.25 and 75.00 per cent
reduction over control respectively. Further these treatments decreasing the larval population up to 0.66,
1.00 and 1.66 larvae per 10 plants after 4" day of spraying followed by 92.07, 87.99 and 80.02 per cent
reduction over control respectively. In continuous above the larval population decreases up to 0.66, 1.00
and 1.33 larvae per 10 plants after 10" day with reduction 92.66, 88.88 and 85.22 per cent respectively.
Further above insecticides gave reduced 1.33, 1.66 and 2.00 larvae per 10 plants after 1" spray of 15"
day followed by 86.23, 82.81 and 79.29 per cent reduction over control respectively. Above insecticides
effectively minimize the larval population of Helicoverpa armigera up to 1.00, 1.33 and 2.00 larvae per
10 plants after second day with 90.31, 87.12 and 80.63 per cent reduction over control respectively.
Overall results on fruit damage and yield of tomato crop revealed that the insecticides Malathion gave
best performance and maximum protection against the pest in which received the minimum per cent of
fruit damage and gave highest yield 160.00 quintal per hectare. However, Quinalphos and Neemarin
were the next best and gave 148.33 and 147.50 quintal per hectare. The better fruit yield i.e. 133.33
quintal per hectare obtained in Metarhizium anisopliae as compared to control (101.66).
Keywords- Helicoverpa armigera, Tomato, Biopesticide.
 Book of Abstracts 123

9.2.8 Studies on the Population Dynamics of Fruit Borer,

Helicoverpa armigera Hubner on Tomato, Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill. in Relation to Abiotic Factors and
Management with Natural Compounds.
Shailendra Pratap Singh, R. K. Dwivedi, Pawan Singh Ankit Upadhyay
and Aditya Bhadauriya
Department of Entomology, C.S.Azad Univrsity of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur -208002 (UP)
Emai- spsingh10492@gmail.com

The present investigation entitled “Studies on the population dynamics of fruit borer, Helicoverpa
armigera Hubner on tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. in relation to abiotic factors and
management with natural compounds.” were conducted in Rabi season during 2018-2019 and 2019-
2020 at Students’ Instructional Farm (SIF), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and
Technology, Kanpur (U.P.). Initial incidence of the pest was observed with a mean number of larvae to
the tune of 0.05 and 0.15 in both the years, respectively. The fruit damage reached to peak by March 26,
2019 and March 24, 2020, respectively, with mean larval population of 2.88 and 3.25, respectively. The
results indicated positive significant correlation association between the maximum temperature (r=0.503)
& (r=0.402), minimum temperature (r = 0.613) and negative significant association with maximum
relative humidity (r = -0.664) & (r = -0.692) in both the years, respectively. Linear regression equation
observed that among various factors, humidity (y = -0.115x + 10.51) and rainfall y = (-0.040x + 0.977)
were seen negative impacts on H. armigera population but maximum temperature (y= 0.113x - 2.032),
wind speed (y = 0.523x - 1.118) and sun shine (y = 0.225x - 0.675) were found with positive impacts
on H. armigera population. Similar results were observed in 2019-20. Panchgavya @ 50 l/ha. provided
maximum yield of tomato in 2018-19 & 2019-20 in terms of 156.81 q./ ha. and 153.33 q./ha., respectively.
Regarding the bioefficacy of natural compounds in 2018-19 and 2019-20 against H. armigera cow urine
+ neem leaf extract 5% @ 50 ml/l. with 35.94 per cent reduction over control (PROC) proved best
among all treatments by reducing mean number of larvae to the tune of 0.98 larvae/ 5 plants. The second
prominent treatment applied to the tomato crop was neem leaf extract 5 % @ 50 ml/l, with 34.64 PROC
with mean number larvae i.e. 1.00 larvae/5 plants. In a pooled data analysis cow urine + neem leaf
extract as spray on standing crop provided maximum yield of healthy fruits with 14.84 kg / plot which
was statistically at par with neem leaf extract which provided healthy fruit yield of 13.90 kg/ plot. In
experiment related with organic amendments, the highest benefit cost ratio was recorded in panchgavya
i.e. 1:12.06, which was superior over all treatments as incorporated in the soil before transplanting. The
mean yield of tomato from panchgavya was 156.81 q./ha. in 2018-19 and 153.33 q./ha. with benefit
cost ratio i.e. 1:9.55 in 2019-20 was recorded.
In another experiment related with efficacy of natural compounds, the highest benefit cost ratio was
recorded in cow urine + Neem leaf extract i.e. 1:31.55 and 1:32.60 for the years 2018-19 and 2019-20,
respectively, which was superior over all treatments as sprayed on standing crop. The mean yield of
tomato from cow urine + Neem leaf extract was 295.66 & 294.12 q./ha and net profit obtained from the
increased yield was Rs. 169625 & Rs. 175239 /ha. in both the years, respectively. The second effective
treatment was Neem leaf extract that produced mean yield of tomato i.e.285 & 282.12 q/ha. for both the
years, respectively, and benefit cost ratio (BCR) i.e. 1:31.01 & 1:31.76 in both the years, respectively.
Keywords- Population dynamics, Tomato, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, Organic amendments.
124 Book of Abstracts

9.2.9 Effect of Insecticides and its Combination for the

Management of Insect and Diseases of Onion
(Allium cepa L)
R. K. Pal, R. B. Singh, P. K. Singh, Suraj Katiyar, A. K. Yadav, H. V. Dube and Ram Pyare
Department of Vegetable Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email- rpal09@rediffmail.com

A field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Kalyanpur, C. S. Azad University of
Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during 2020-2021 to evaluate new molecules and its combination for
insect pests and diseases of onion. Eight treatments were arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD)
with three replications viz., T1 (Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 0.9 ml/l), T2 (Matiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin
5% WP @ 2.0 g/l), T3 (Matiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WP + Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 0.9 ml/
l- Tank mix), T4 (Azoxystrobin + Difenconazole @ 1.25 ml/l) T5 (Azoxystrobin + Difenconazole @ 1.25
ml/l + Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 0.9 ml/l- Tank mix) T6 (Fipronil 5% SC @ 1ml/l (treated control),
T7 (Propiconazol 25% EC(treated control) and T8 (Untreated Control). The data reveals that among
eight treatments minimum average number of thrips were recorded (4.86/plant) in treatment T3
(Matiram55%+ Pyraclostrobin 5% WP @ 2g/l + Cyantraniliprole 0.9 ml/l-Tank mix) followed by (5.03/
plant) in T5 (Azoxistrobin+ Difenoconazole @ 1.25ml/l + Cyantraniliprole 0.9 ml/l-Tank mix) and the
maximum average number of thrips were observed (66.5) in T8 (Untreated Control). The minimum
number of mites/leaf were found (1.11) in T5 (Azoxistrobin+ Difenoconazole @ 1.25ml/l +
Cyantraniliprole@ 0.9 ml/l-Tank mix), followed by (1.22) in T3 (Matiram55%+ Pyraclostrobin 5% WP
@ 2g/l + Cyantraniliprole 0.9 ml/l-Tank mix). The maximum number of mites/leafs were recorded in
Untreated Control (6.89). The minimum number of natural enemies/plant (Coccinellids and predators)
were found (1.06) in T5 (Azoxistrobin+ Difenoconazole @ 1.25ml/l + Cyantraniliprole 0.9 ml/l-Tank
mix) followed by (1.2) in T3 (Matiram55%+ Pyraclostrobin 5% WP @ 2g/l + Cyantraniliprole @ 0.9 ml/
l-Tank mix) and the maximum number of natural enemies were observed in Untreated Control (2.4).
The highest yield has been recorded (33.96 q/ha) in T5 (Azoxistrobin+ Difenoconazole @ 1.25ml/l +
Cyantraniliprole@ 0.9 ml/l-Tank mix). Besides this combination treatment T3 (Matiram55%+
Pyraclostrobin 5% WP @ 2g/l + Cyantraniliprole @ 0.9 ml/l-Tank mix) are also effective to control
purple blotch and stemphylium diseases of onion. On the basis of present findings it may be recommended
that T3may be used for the control of insect pests and diseases of onion.

9.2.10 Effect of Rhizobium and PSB Inoculation with

Foliar Spray of Micronutrient on Yield and Quality
Attributes of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer Kabulium L.)
*Ashish Kumar Srivastava and **Shubham Singh
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Firozabad, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, U.P India
Email: ashishcsau1966@gmail.com

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2020-2021 at the S.I.F. Chandra Shekhar Azad
University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (Main Campus) U.P. India, on “Effect of Rhizobium
and PSB inoculation and foliar spray of micronutrient on yield and quality attributes of Kabuli chickpea
 Book of Abstracts 125

(Cicer Kabulium L.)” in R.B.D. with three replications. The treatments comprised with 8 different
treatment combinations, i.e. T1 – control, T2 – soil application of Rhizobium @ 1.5 kg ha-1, T3 – soil
application of PSB @ 1.5 kg ha-1, T4 – seed treatment with Rhizobium @ 200 g/10 kg seeds, T5 - seed
treatment with PSB @ 200 g/10 kg, T6 – Foliar application of micronutrients mixture before flowering
@ 0.5 g/liter, T7 – Foliar application of micronutrients mixture after 50% flowering @ 0.5 g/liter, T8 –
Foliar application of micronutrients mixture after 50% podding @ 0.5 g/liter. The soil of experimental
field was slightly alkaline with 8.09 pH and 0.22 EC. The soil is low in organic carbon and low in
available nitrogen (260 kg/ha), medium in potash (175 kg/ha). The chickpea crop (Shubhra) was sown
on 29 November, 2020 at 30 x 10 cm spacing and harvested on 13 April 2021. The highest seed yield
(17.33 q ha-1), biological yield (41.43 q ha-1) and harvest index (41.74%) were found when (seed
Inoculated with Rhizobium @ 200 g/10 kg seed (T4), followed by the T6 – (Foliar application of
micronutrients mixture before flowering @ 0.5 g/liter) seed yield 17.03 q ha-1, biological yield 40.90 q
ha-1, harvest index 41.64%. whereas minimum value was in control, (seed yield 13.33 q ha-1, biological
yield 31.43 q ha-1). The highest net return and B:C ratio was found in T4 treatment (Seed Inoculation of
Rhizobium @ 200 g/10 kg seed) i.e., Rs 48,831 and 1.99 respectively, followed by T6 Treatment–
(Foliar application of micronutrients mixture before flowering @ 0.5 g/liter) Rs 46,783 and 1.94
respectively. The lowest Net returns i.e., Rs 25,297 and B:C ratio i.e., 1.51 was found in T1 Treatment
or control.

9.2.11 Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer of Brinjal

on Farmers, Fields at Hathras District of Uttar Pradesh
S.R. Singh1, Omkar Singh Yadav2, Aditya Kumar3 and A.K.Singh4
KVK, Hathras, Firozabad (U.P.) 1, 2, 4 J.C. Bakewar (U.P.) 3
Email: -drsrsingh0@gmail.com

Brijal (Solanum melongia L.) is an important vegetable crop of India. India is a leading producer in the
world and during 2018-19 the country produced 12890 lakh tones of from an area of 733 lakh hectares.
Brinjal is cultivated in most of the states in India. however a state namely Uttar Pradesh,Punjab,Haryana
is also major brinjal producing state in india.The districts of these state contributes 45% to production of
total production .India produces 30% brinjal of the world production. In general, average productivity
of brinjal continues to low (45 t/h) mainly due to heavy infestation of shoot and fruit borer. The shoot
and fruit borer is the most destructive pest of brinjal. This result in total loss of affected production and
quality of brinjal.Therefore, present study was under taken to assess the technology for management of
shoot and fruit borer management. On farm trial were conducted at 25 farmer’s field to assess the shoot
and fruit borer management technologies comprising summer ploughing+neem cake 550kg/ha+soil
application of carbofuran 1 kg a.i. at the time of transplanting around the base of the plant improved
(variety Pusa Puple Long)+ selection of good seed+seed treatment(Imidacloprid 17.8 sl@3 ml/lit. of
water)+3 drenching (carbofuran @3 ml/lit of water during kharif season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 in
clay irrigated condition. Need based spray of animal origin insecticides cartap hydrochloride @500gm
a.i./ha.conducing with reproduction phase. The incidence of shoot and fruit borer was recorded only
12.57 per cent under integrated pest management as against 45.47 per cent recorded under farmers
practices. The production of brinjal under integrated pest management technologies’ ranged between
45.25 to 55.5 t/ha with mean yield of 50.37 t/ha as against a yield range between 30.23 to 40.35 t/ha
with mean of 35.29 t/ha under farmers practice. The additional yield under integrated pest management
technologies over local practice ranged from 15.02 to 30.15 with mean of 15.02 t/ha. In comparison to
local check, there was an increase to 41.5, 30.24 and 35 per cent in production of brinjal under improved
technologies in respective years. The higher productivity might due to effective management of shoot
126 Book of Abstracts

and fruit borer of brinjal. The higher yield obtained under improved technologies as compared to local
check due to effective management of shoot and fruit borer of brinjal.

9.2.12 Production and Management of Quality Planting

of Fruits
D. Pandey
Principal Scientist & I/c Head, Division of Crop Improvement & Biotechnology, Central Institute for
Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow

9.2.13 Screening of Promising Germplasm of Vegetable

Pea Against Major Insect Pests
R. K. Pal, K. P. Singh and P. K. Singh
Section of Vegetable Science, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur 208002

Among twenty vegetable germplasm screened leaf miner, aphid and pod borer were screened as major
insect pests. The population of leaf miner and aphid were observed 20 DAS while pod borer at 50 per
cent of flowering till harvesting of the crop which ranged in leaf miner, aphid and pod borer from 12.2
to 23.4, 15.5 to 20.8 and 0.2 to 2.40/5 plant, respectively. Fifteen out of twenty germplasm screened
against leaf miner fell under resistant category while five germplasm were found moderately resistant.
All the twenty germplasm screened against aphid fell under moderately resistant category. Maximum
pod borer population of 2.40/ 5 plant was found in germplasm KS 237 while lowest population of 0.20/
plant was recorded in germplasm KS 185, KS 231 and KS 240.

9.2.14 Impact of Climate Change on Potato Cultivars

Against Late Blight Disease in Subtropical Plains of
India
*Mehi Lal1, Sanjeev Sharma2, V. K. Dua2 and Manoj Kumar1
1
ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station Modipuram, Meerut, U.P.
2
ICAR- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, H.P.
Email: mehilalonline@gmail.com

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable crop in India and world. This crop is affected
by various diseases, among them late blight of potato is the most threatening for cultivation of potato. It
may causes up to 85% yield loss under severe conditions. The late blight disease caused by Phytophthora
infestans (Mont) de Bary, is a climate driven disease. As fluctuations of weather factors are being
changed day by day or in long term climate change are being observed. Potato cultivar how would
respond in climate change condition with their resistance/susceptibility against P. infestans. Whether
resistance level of the cultivars would enhance or break down due to climate change. Three back
 Book of Abstracts 127

grounds of potato cultivars 2 susceptible (Kufri Bahar & K. Sindhuri), three moderately resistant (K.
Mohan, K.Garima and K Chipsona I) and two highly resistant (K. Girdhari and K. Himalini) were
evaluated at three dates of planting (17 Oct, 2 Nov & 17 Nov) during four consecutive years (2017-21).
The results revealed that these three sets of varieties showed different level of AUDPC (Area Under
Disease Progress Curve) and rAUDPC (relative AUDPC) in three dates of planting and among the
varieties. On the basis of mean AUDPC, maximum AUDPC was recorded on 2 Nov date of planting
(985.73 on K. Bahar) followed by 17 Nov (871.96 on K. Bahar). Minimum AUDPC was recorded
(802.25 on K. Bahar) on 17 Oct date of planting. Under lab study, by detached leaf method mean lesion
area of the four years (2017-21), indicated that maximum lesion area was observed on the 2 Nov, date
of planting except K.Garima and K. Himalini on 17 Oct date of planting. It was also observed that highly
resistant cv K Himalini showed more AUDPC than the moderately resistant cvs. These variations in
AUDPC may be due to genetic makeup of the varieties and environmental condition existed during
different dates of planting. It may be said that at higher temperature & rain fall, different level of
resistance varieties will behave different ways against P. infestans.

9.2.15 The Management of Common Scab Disease of

Potato (Solanumtuberosum. L) in Central U.P.
P. K. Singh, A. K. Yadav, H. V. Dube, Ram Pyare, Suraj Katiyar and R. K. Pal
Department of Vegetable Science, Kalyanpur
C.S Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email: pksingh@csauk.ac.in

An experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of
Agriculture & Technology Kalyanpur, Kanpur with five replications and four treatments viz,T1 (Control),
T2 (Tuber dip treatment with 3% boric acid for 20 minutes before storage), T3(Tuber treatment with
Trichoderma formulation (8g/kg seed) at the time of planting), T4 (Tuber dip treatment with 3% boric
acid for 20 minutes before storage and tuber treatment with Trichoderma formulation (8g/kg seed) at
the time of planting)for the control of common scab disease of potato in central plain zone of UP during
last two years 2019-20 and 2020-21. Percent disease incidence (number of tubers infected by common
scab) and Percent disease index (tuber surface area covered by common scab)were calculated following
standard procedure was recorded at time of harvesting. All treatments significantly reduced common
scab severity (3.0 to 5.0%) compared to 7.4% observed in control. The treatment T4 was the best,
resulting in minimum severity (3.0%) followed by treatment T2 (4.6%). The Number of infected tubers
by common scab in treatment T4 (3.80%) was minimum followed by treatment T2 (4.6%) and highly
infected tubers in T1(Control 13.2%).Ttuber surface area covered by common scab was minimum in
treatment T4 (3.0%) and maximum in control (7.4%).
128 Book of Abstracts

9.2.16 Application of Silver Nanoparticles for the

Management of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato Caused by
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Saurabh Kumar, S. K. Biswas, Kishan Lal, Shivam Kumar and Ravi Kumar
Department of Plant Pathology, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur (U.P) –
208002
E-mail: kamalsaurabh8843@gmail.com

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is the world’s most important vegetable crop and is known as
protective but productive food both because of its high nutrititional value and also of its wide spread
production. It is the second most consumed vegetable in the world. Fusarium Wilt of Tomato Caused by
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is one of the most important limiting factors for tomato production,
its management being strongly dependent on agro-chemicals, but existing plant disease management
relies predominantly on toxic pesticides that are potentially harmful to human being and the environment.
Nanoparticles are materials that range between 10 to 100 nanometers (nm), it’s have the potential to be
directly applied as seed treatment, spray on foliage, or roots for protection against several pest and
pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and insects etc. On the account of eco-friendly in nature, to
evaluated the possibilities of using silver nanoparticles instead of commercial pesticides. Usually, to
evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles against Fusarium wilt of tomato disease causing pathogen at
four various concentrations 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm to determined antifungal activities
In-vitro and in-vivo condition. The application of 200 ppm concentration of silver nanoparticles produced
maximum inhibition rate on radial mycelial growth as well as conidial germination as compare to control
under In-vitro condition. Under field condition, seedling treated with 200 ppm concentration of silver
nano-particles were reduced highest disease incidence level of Fusarium wilt of tomato and least incidence
reduced seedling treated with 50 ppm concentration of silver nano-particles. The highest antifungal
activities were observed in the case of treatment with 200 ppm silver nanoparticles in In-vivo condition
and same concentration of silver nanoparticles under In-vitro condition. Therefore, the results clearly
demonstrated that the silver nanoparticles have the effective potential to inhibit their normal vegetative
growth and conidia germination of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in field
conditions as well as under controlled environment condition.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Fusarium, agro-chemicals, mycelial, incidence and conidia etc.

9.2.17 Comparable Study on Coloured Sticky

Traps for Onion thrips
P.K. Gupta and M.K.Pathak
National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation (NHRDF), RRS, Karnal, Haryana
National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation,Head Office, New Delhi
Email: karnal@nhrdf.com

The experiment was carried out to find out the efficacy of different colour sticky traps of onion thrips.
Thrips attack on onion was observed at all the stages during crop cycle but their count increases from
bulb initiation and remain high up to bulb development and maturity. Both nymphs and adults cause
damage directly and indirectly through the transmission of lethal plant viruses. Preference of insects
 Book of Abstracts 129

towards specific colour is a much known phenomenon. Most often yellow colored sticky traps are used
to trap aphids and whiteflies. Onion growers faces miserable problem of thrips infestation around the
year. There is virtually no effective alternative to tackle the menacing effects of thrips in onion. To
understand the preference of colour by the onion thrips study was conducted using yellow and blue
sticky trap during rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21 on onion variety NHRDF Red at RRS, National Horticultural
Research and Development Foundation (NHRDF), Karnal, Haryana (India) with E 76056’46" and N
29044’55". The experiment was arranged of 10 treatments with 3 replications in Randomized Block
Design and plot size 10 m2 each plot should have an isolation of two meters and sticky trap would be
changed after 10 days interval. The thrips population count on sticky trap was counted with the help of
hand lance 10 days intervals before change of sticky trap. Result showed that over all highest thrips
stuck on the sticky traps (11.53thrips) were recorded in treatment (4 No. yellow sticky trap). The
overall average lowest thrips population (3.43nyphs/plant) was recorded in treatment (Standard check
spray of insecticide Fipronil 1.0ml/L). The highest gross yield (359.45q/ha) and marketable yield (348.25q/
ha) was recorded with standard check (B:C:9.06:1) was negative in all sticky trap treatments due to their
cost. Significantly highest thrips population and lowest yield was recorded in control treatment. The
sticky traps only effective for monitoring of thrips population in onion crops and not for management of
thrips.

9.2.18 Management of Sclerotinia Blight of Brinjal

* Vivek Singh1 and U.K.Tripathi2
Department of Plant Pathology,
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology (Kanpur), U.P- 208002
Email: viveksinghparmar1996@gmail.com

Sclerotinia blight of brinjal caused by Sclerotinia sclerotorum is an important disease which causes loss
in quality and quantity brinjal fruits. The present investigation entitled “Management of Sclerotinia blight
of Brinjal” was carried out in the Department of Plant Pathology and at the Student’s Instructional Farm
(SIF), College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P) during 2019-2020. Typical disease symptoms appears as circular to elongated
water soaked lesions closer to the inflorescence followed by watery soft rot appearance. Seven days
after last spraying, plant disease severity was recorded in all the treatments and calculated the disease
reduction in each treatment, per cent disease control. All recommended agronomical practices were
followed. Effects of 7 treatment viz., T1- Trichoderma harzianum (0.4%), T2- Pseudomonas fluorescens
(0.5%), T3- Carbendazim 50 WP (0.1%), T4- Inter cropping with Fenugreek, T5-Neem leaf mulching,
T6- Foliar Spray with Panchgabya, T7- Control (Untreated) was measured against Sclerotinia blight of
brinjal. All the treatment were found significantly superior to untreated check. The result shows minimum
per cent disease severity 9.50% in Carbendazim-50 WP (0.1%) followed by 11.99 % in Trichoderma
harzianum (0.4%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.5%) with (14.88%), and maximum (26.25%) disease
severity was found T7 (control).
130 Book of Abstracts

9.2.19 Efficacy of Some Plant Extract Against Banana

PseudostemWeevil, Odoiporus longicollis Oliver
Annabhatula Sasidhar, Inee Gogoi and Jabanika Hazarika,
Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013
Email: inee.gogoi@aau.ac.in

Banana is one of the most popular fruit crops cultivated throughout the world. In India, banana ranks
first in production and third in area among fruit crops. It accounts for 13 per cent of the total area and
33 per cent of the production of fruits. Banana pseudo stem weevil, Odoiporus longicollis is considered
as a predominant and also a major constraint for the production of banana on worldwide basis, especially
in India. A preliminary investigation was carried out in Post graduate laboratory, Department of Entomology,
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the year 2019-20 to determine the LC50 values of plant
extracts viz. Xanthium strumarium, Lantana camara, Clerodendron infortunatum, Melia azaderach and
Azadirachta indica along with imidacloprid as standard check. In case of Solvent plant leaf extracts, the
LC50values of X. strumarium was found to be 32.507, 30.19 and 21.082, for L. camara it is 14.454,
11.65 and 9.741 % after 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. In case of aqueous plant leaf extracts, LC50
values were found to be 75.881, 58.708 and 39.02 % in case of X. strumarium. Similarly, L. camara
showcased 21.863, 17.829 and 15.791 %.. Based on LC50 values, order of toxicity was Imidacloprid >
Lantana camara > Azadirachta indica > Clerodendron infortunatum > Melia azaderach > Xanthium
strumarium in case of both aqueous and solvent leaf extracts.
Keywords: Banana, Odoiporus longicollis, LC50, solvent extract, aqueous extract

9.2.20 SeasonalAbundance of Banana Leaf and Fruit

Scarring Beetle (Basilepta subcostatum, Jacoby)
Karanika Gogoi and Inee Gogoi
Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013
Email: inee.gogoi@aau.ac.in

An extensive study was carried out in the Horticulture Experimental Farm, Assam Agricultural University,
Jorhat during May, 2020 to April, 2021 to assess the abundance of leaf and fruit scarring beetle, Basilepta
subcostatum Jacobyassociated with banana on a weekly basis on the variety Dwarf Cavendish locally
known as Jahaji. The beetle population was co-related with different meteorological parameters viz.,
maximum and minimum temperatures (0C), morning and evening relative humidity(%) and total
rainfall(mm). The mean beetle population was highest during August, 2020 (52.51 beetles/plant) when
the maximum temperature was 32.2oC, minimum temperature 24.9oC, morning relative humidity 97%,
evening relative humidity 85% and rainfall 12 mm and the least was during January, 2021(5.62 beetles/
plant) when the maximum temperature was 24.6oC, minimum temperature 15.2oC, morning relative
humidity 98%, evening relative humidity 92% and with no rainfall. The population of the beetle showed
positive and significant correlation with various meteorological parameters viz. maximum and minimum
temperatures, evening relative humidity, total rainfall except morning relative humidity where it showed
negative correlation. Multiple regression analysis of the beetle population with different meteorological
factors showed 85.5 per cent shift in population due to the combined effect of various meteorological
parameters.
Keywords: beetle ,Basilepta subcostatum, population, meteorological parameters
 Book of Abstracts 131

9.3 Poster Presentation

9.3.1 Studies on Host Preference of Pulse Beetle,

Callosobruchus chinensis L. and its Ecofriendly
Management
Pawan Singh, R. B. Singh, R. K. Dwivedi, Aditya Bhadauriya, Ankit Upadhyay
Department of Entomology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur -208002 (UP)
Email: 3582pawansingh@gmail.com

The present investigations under the title “Studies on host preference of pulse beetle (Callosobruchus
chinensis L.) and its eco-friendly management” were conducted during 2019-20 in the Department
of Entomology and Seed Technology Section (Seed entomology) laboratory, Acharya Narendra Deva
University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, during 2019-20. The host preference
studies on different five pulses namely cowpea, pigeonpea, chickpea, kidney bean and kabuli chana of
C. chinensis were made under laboratory condition showed that cowpea and chickpea were most
preferred host with developmental period: 27.8 and 31 days; adult emergence percent: 92.5 and 85;
fecundity: 92.25 and 74.4; seed damage percent: 95.33 and 93.30; and weight loss percent 41.60 and
39.89 respectively. In kidney bean egg laying occur but there is no emergence of adult may be due to
hard seed coat. In case of eco-friendly management highest germination, lowest seed damage and
weight loss was observed in seed treated with Neemazol (Azadirachtin 1% EC ) @ 5ml kg -1 seed
followed by Neem oil @5 ml kg -1 seed ,Custard apple leaves powder @5 gm kg -1 seed, Castor oil @5
ml kg -1 seed, Coconut oil @5 ml kg -1 seed and Tobacco leaves powder @5 gm kg -1 seed as compared
to Check (Deltamethrin 2.8 EC (check) @ 0.04ml kg -1 seed). Per cent seed moisture was depends on
nature of seed protectants and storage period. Thus seed protectants Neemazol (Azadirachtin 1% EC)
may be used to protect the pigeonpea seed from bruchids (C. chinensis) for long period under ambient
condition.
Keywords- Screening of pulses, Callosobruchus chinenesis L., management with botanicals

9.3.2 Studies of the Infestation Caused by Mustard

Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. and Mustard Sawfly,
Athalia lugens proxima Klug. and their Safer
Management on Mustard, Brassica campestris L.
Mahandra Pal Singh, R. K. Dwivedi, Rahul Kumar, Pawan Singh, Omendra Sharma
Department of Entomology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur -208002 (UP)
Email: 3582pawansingh@gmail.com

A study was made in the year 2017-18 to observe the seasonal abundance of important insect- pests of
mustard crop i.e, mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.,and mustard sawfly, Athalia lugens proxima
Klug. and their safer management. L. erysimi appeared on mustard crop during Ist week of January and
reached at it’s peak during IIIrd week of February and continued till the end of March. Its abundance of
population and infestation were found to be significantly positive association with environmental factor
132 Book of Abstracts

(R = 0.5686). The mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. infestation was ranged from 18.43 to 73.00
adult per plant from Ist week of January to IVth week of March. The environmental factors were negatively
associated with the incidence and infestation of insect pest. The infestation of mustard sawfly A. lugens
proxima was varying 1 to 2.36 larvae/plant during IInd week of December to IVth week of January. The
effect of environmental factor on this insect pest population and infestation is highly significant positive
association during the crop growing season. These insect pests were observed as the pest of regular
Occurrence in this region. Thy can effectively be managed with the use of any one insecticide i.e.,
imidacloprid 17.8 SL @0.25 ml/lit. or acetamiprid S @ 0.15 ml/lit or dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml/lit
solution spray with two sprayings at fortnightly intervals.
Keywords- Mustard, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt., Athalia lugens proxima Klug., Safer management

9.3.3 Evaluation of Newer Insecticides Against Major

Insect Pests viz- Yellow Stem Borer, Scripophaga
incertulas walk., Green Leaf Hopper, Nephotettix
virescens Dist. Gundhi Bug, Leptocorisa acuta Thon. and
Rice leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Gn. and their
Effective Management on Rice
Anuj Kumar, Fazal Ahamad, R. K. Dwivedi, Ankit Upadhyay, Pramod Kumar Mishra
Department of Entomology, C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur -208002 (UP)
Email: anuj38882@gmail.com

An investigation was carried out to Evaluation of newer insecticides against major insect pests, yellow
stem borer, Scripophaga incertulas Walkar, green leaf hopper, Nephotettix virescens Distant, gundhi
bug, Leptocorisa acuta Thonberg and rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee for their effective
management on of rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) was conducted during kharif 2017. Rice variety Pusa
Basmati 01 was transplanted at SIF farm department of Agronomy Chandra Shekhar Azad University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. Rice crop was infested by many noxious insect but the infestation
of four important insect pest rice Viz. yellow stem borer, Scripophoga incertulas Walkar green leaf
hopper, Nephotettix virescens Distant, gundhi bug, Leptocorisa acuta Thonberg and rice leaf folder,
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee, were studied during Kharif 2017. Efficacy of insecticides
(chlorpyriphos 20 EC, fipronil, imidacloprid, spinosad) one botanical pesticide (neemarin 1500 ppm)
and one biopesticide dipel 8L. (B.t.) were and all the treatments were found significantly effective in
reducing the infestation of major insect pest of rice and increasing the yield comparison to control.
Application of imidacloprid was the most effective in reducing the major insect pest’s infestation at all
the observational interval resulting highest grain yield (28.20 q/ha). which was closely followed by
fipronil and chloropyriphos, spinosad, neemarin and dipel (B.t.).
Keywords: Newer insecticides, Insect pest complex of rice, Management
 Book of Abstracts 133

9.3.4 Development of IPM Module for the Management

of Major Insect Pests of Sesame
R. K. Pal and * M. Mishra
R.R.R. Station, NARP, Saini * Directorate of Research
C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur 208002

IPM module T4 (Seed treatment with imidacloprid @ 5g/kg seed with spraying (30 DAS) of profenofos
and second spraying (45 DAS) of neem based commercial formulation recorded lowest population of
shoot webber, Antigastra catalaunalis (0.19 larva/ plant, leaf hopper (0.17 hopper/ plant) and phyllody
incidence (1.0 per cent) with minimum capsule damage and maximum seed yield 8.69 q/ha with B:C
ratio (2.41) followed by T5 ( seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS (5g/kg seed with spraying (30
DAS) of neem based commercial formulation and second spraying (45 DAS) of profenofos @ 2ml/litre.

9.3.5 Flowering, Fruiting, Yield and Quality Parameters

of Papaya as ipInfluenced by Integrated Nutrient
Management
Amar Singh, V. K. Tripathi and A. K. Dwivedi
Department of Horticulture,
C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U.P.), India
Email: drvktripathicsa@gmail.com

Papaya (Carica papaya L.), a member of family Caricaceae, is a fast growing, typically single-hollow
stemmed, herbaceous, evergreen, dicotyledonous, perennial plant. It is a cheap and rich source of
vitamins and minerals in the daily diet of millions of people. The ripe papaya fruits are also used in the
preparation of different value-added products such as syrup, jam, jelly, nectar, soft drinks, candy, ice-
cream, flavouring crystallized fruit, dehydrated flakes and baby foods etc. Papaya has a wide range of
adaptability and high economic returns per unit area.
INM or integrated nutrient supply system in papaya refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and plant
nutrient supply chain to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity and fruit quality
through optimization of benefits from all possible sources in an integrated manner. Organic manures
mostly enhance the nutrient availability in order to improve the soil structure, texture, tilth and better
environment for root development and aeration. Bio-fertilizers like Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilising
Bacteria (PSB) results an increased availability of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the soil.
An experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), India, using eighteen treatments comprising Azotobacter,
PSB and vermicompost with graded dose of RDF including one control, replicated thrice in randomized
block design on Sapna cultivar. Plants were planted on 20th March at a spacing of 2.0 x 2.0 m. The data
of experiment clearly shows that during both years of experimentation significantly lesser number of
nodes (25.87 and 25.79, respectively) and days taken to first flowering (85.33 and 87.78 days,
respectively), fruit developmental period (140.25 and 141.37 days, respectively) with reduced fruit drop
(48.32 and 47.23 %, respectively) and maximum fruit retention (51.33 and 51.33 %, respectively) with
higher fruit yield (63.76 kg, respectively), fruit weight (1460.00 and 1379.66 g, respectively) and
134 Book of Abstracts

volume (1385.00 and 1310.75 cc, respectively) were recorded in the plants which were fertilized with
RDF 75% + Azotobacter 100 g + PSB 100 g + vermicompost 2 kg/plant, whereas uninoculated plants
results in higher number of nodes to first flowering (34.89 and 34.84, respectively) along with more
days (122.67 and 124.35 days, respectively) taken for the appearance of first flower, took maximum
fruit developmental period (164.00 and 163.26 days, respectively), results maximum fruit drop per cent
(63.90 and 63.10 %, respectively) and minimum fruit retention per cent (36.10 and 36.90 %, respectively)
along with minimum yield of fruits (22.34 and 23.49 kg, respectively) which are lighter in weight
(700.26 and 795.36 g, respectively) and volume (695.20 and 740.37 cc, respectively) during both years
of experimentation.
As quality parameters of fruits are concerned fruits having maximum pulp per cent (86.66 and 85.14%,
respectively), total soluble solids (13.95 and 14.00 0Brix, respectively) and total sugars (7.85 and 7.86
%, respectively) contents and minimum peel per cent (9.78 and 9.85 %, respectively), titratable acidity
(0.101 and 0.102 %, respectively) contents were recorded in fruits which were produced from the
plants fertilized with RDF 75% + Azotobacter 100 g + PSB 100 g + vermicompost 2 kg/plant, whereas
uninoculated plants results in minimum pulp (75.69 and 74.90%, respectively) per cent, total soluble
solids ((8.98 and 9.01 0Brix, respectively) and total sugar (7.85 and 7.86%, respectively) contents and
maximum peel per cent (21.34 and 20.79 %, respectively), higher titratable acidity (0.198 and 0.197 %,
respectively) contents during both years of experimentation.
Keywords: Papaya, Integrated Nutrient Management, Flowering, Fruiting, Yield and Quality parameters.

9.3.6 Integrated Disease Management of Leaf Curl

Virus of Chilli on Farmers, Fields of Hathras District
S. R. Singh1, Omkar Singh Yadav2, Aditya Kumar3 and A. K. Singh4
KVK, Hathras, Firozabad (U.P.) 1, 2, 4 J.C. Bakewar (U.P.) 3
Email: drsrsingh0@gmail.com

Chilli leaf curl virus and low yield potential diseases susceptible varieties, indiscriminate use of insecticides
for leaf curl virus management are the major limiting factors, which cause substantial yield loss in chilli.
Present investigation on resistant varieties having higher potential with integrated disease management
proven technologies reveled that chilli higher yield could be achieved by adopting these technologies.
Among the technologies, the highest yield and net return and less leaf curl virus incidence was found in
technology-3, Kashi Early+ raise Marigold (tall African variety golden age bearing yellow and orange
flowers) nursery 15-20 days before chilli nursery+ One week after germination of seeds, spray the
seedlings with (Imidacloprid 200 SL @ 0.3 ml/l or Thiomethoxam 25 WP @ 0.3 g/l)+Apply Neem cake
250 kg/ha ridges at the time of preparing land+ Dip the roots of seedlings (do not dip the foliage as it may
cause burning of leaves) with Imidacloprid 200 SL @ 0.3 ml/l or Thiomethoxam 25 WP @ 0.3 g/l for
5 minutes. Fifteen days after planting spray Imidacloprid 200 SL @ 0.4ml/l or Thiomethoxam 25 WP @
0.3g/l for leaf curl vector (whitefly) control+ Destroy leaf curl and other virus affected plants as soon
as the symptoms appear in a few plants to minimize their spread followed by technology-2 as compared
to farmers’ practices.
Keywords: Chilli, leaf curl disease, on farm research, insecticides
 Book of Abstracts 135

9.3.7 Relative Abundance of Natural Enemies in Rice

Eco System
C. P. N. Gautam and Ram Veer
Department of Plant Protection
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hardoi (U.P.) India.

The relative abundance of natural enemies with interaction effects were studied at three growth stages
of irrigated Basmati Rice at NDUA&T Kumarganj Ayodhaya. during July to November, 2015 & 2016.
Several different natural enemies were collected from the rice fields and recorded. The population of
natural enemies was highest in tillering stage and lowest in seedling stage. The relative abundance of
natural enemies as coccinelid (adults and grubs) >long jawed spider>wolf spider>damselfly>carabid
beetle>green mirid bug>lynx spider>dragon fly>ear wig> ground beetle> Trichogramma spp. Populations
of all natural enemies were like ladybird beetle, wolf spider, long jawed spider, lynx spider, damsel fly,
dragon fly, green mirid bug, carabid beetle and earwig in good numbers.
Keywords: Natural enemies; Relative abundance; Rice ecosystem

9.3.8 Management of Potato Black Scurf

C. P. N. Gautam, Jagdish Kishor, A. K. Singh, Priya Vashishata and Ram Prakash
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hardoi (U.P.) India.

Rhizoctonia disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is caused by Rhizoctonia solani, also infect
potato stems. The pathogen is widespread in all potato growing countries around the world (Anderson,
1982; Powelson et al., 1993; Jeger et al., 1996). In recent years, it has become the most important
potato disease in District Hardoi, resulting in considerable economic losses. The typical disease symptoms
include death of pre-emerging sprouts, cankers on underground stem parts and stolons, diminished root
systems, and sclerotia formation on progeny tubers (typical black scurf symptoms). Field experiments
showed that Trichoderma harzianum and FYM amendment applied in furrow could reduce black scurf
incidence in organically grown potatoes. Incorporation of T. harzianum applied to the soil surface had a
relatively small effect compared to the in-furrow treatment. Application of two isolates i.e. T. harzianum
1.0% WP local made (Hardoi) and T. harzianum 1.0% WP (Strain No. IIHR-TH-2 Accessions No. ITCC
6888 significantly reduced the incidence of infected tubers in field experiments. Hence, treatments
significantly reduced disease incidence and severity thus total yield was unaffected. T. harzianum local
made (Hardoi) and T. harzianum 1.0% WP (Strain No. IIHR-TH-2 Accessions No. ITCC 6888 reduced
the incidence of black scurf on daughter tubers the demonstration was conducted on naturally infested
soil and contaminated seed tubers.
136 Book of Abstracts

9.3.9 Role Bio-agents in Integrated Pest Management

Jagdish Kishor, C. P. N. Gautam, A. K. Singh, P. Pal,
Mukesh Singh and D. K. Mishra
Department of Plant Protection, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Fatehpur (U.P.) India.

Several numbers of bio-agents such as predator, parasitoid, fungi, bacteria, virus predacious nematodes,
protozoan, etc. are reported for managing the insect-pests’ populations. A number of exotic parasitoids
were also introduced into India between 1970 and 1980. Of these, Copidosoma koehleri Blanchard, an
exotic egg/larval parasitoid, gave 28.4- 60.8% parasitization in Maharashtra. At Shimla, Aphelinus sp
has been found to parasitize 100 per cent M. persicae under glasshouses conditions Trichogrammalids
for bringing out most effective, most affordable and most acceptable technology for farmers to adopt.
The spraying of the biopesticide, Bacillus thuringiensis gives a good control against many insects.
Several strains of the bacterium, Bacillus popilliae, have been found that attack white grubs. This
bacterium is picked up by feeding grubs and it causes the body fluids to turn a milky-white before grub
death. Entomogenous fungus, Metarrhizium anisopliae Meld is best known fungal control of white
grubs. Beauveria brongniartii Sacc. is also very effective against white grubs. There are thirteen fungi
that are able to infect the cysts, out of which frequency of occurrence was maximum for Dactylaria
(31.6%) followed by Aspergillus spp. (14%), Humicola grasea and three other non-sporulating fungi in
the frequency range of 7.2 to 1.75%. Entomophilic nematode, Stinernema (Neoaplectana) sp. are also
well known as dominant regulatory factors for cutworm populations from various parts of the country.
A nuclear polyhyedrosis virus on H. armigera was recorded during February-March.
Keyword: Copidosoma koehleri, Bacillus thuringiensis, Stinernema, Metarrhizium anisopliae

9.3.10 Management of Black Scurf of Potato Caused by

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Through Fungicides and
Fungal Antagonists at Farmers’ Field
Ram Palat, Ashraf Ali Khan and A. K. Singh*
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Aligarh, Directorate of Extension, C. S. A. Uni. of Agril. & Tech. Kanpur-208002
(UP). *Directorate of Extension, C. S. A. Uni. of Agril. & Tech. Kanpur-208002 (UP)
Email: aali_khan@rediffmail.com

Black scurf of potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn that has been one of the biggest problems of
the potato cultivation and is an important disease of potato in the category of soil and tuber borne
diseases. It affects roots, stolen, stems and tubers. The disease has two phases, viz. stem canker and
black scurf. Stem canker phase is the girdling on the stem with brown colour and sometime upward
rolling of the leaves also observed. Black scurf phase is formation of sclerotia on the surface of the
tubers. A field trial was conducted at tree farmers field of district Aligarh, in this trial, it was aimed to
determine the effect of three commercial formulations of Trichoderma spp. i.e. T. harzianum, T. virens,
and T. viride and one fungicide Thiram used as seed treatment @2g/litre water and tested against this
disease. The bioagents was integrated with FYM in two different doses i.e. (i) Mix 1kg of Trichoderma
spp. formulations in 100 kg of farmyard manure (ii) Mix 2kg of Trichoderma spp. formulations in 100
kg and cover it for 7 days with polythene. Sprinkle the heap with water intermittently. Turn the mixture
in every 3-4 days interval and then broadcast in the field. Biocontrol efficacy and per cent yield increase
 Book of Abstracts 137

by these antagonists were estimated in this experiment, and results showed that in Seed treatment with
Thiram @2g/litre water and soil application of T. harzianum @ 2kg with 100 kg FYM were the most
effective with 73.9% reduction in disease incidence, as well as 25.50% yield increase and 1:4.20 Benefit
cost ratio respectively as compared to farmers practice where no treatment. Soil treatment showed
higher efficacy than the Potato seed treatment when both ways (Soil treatment and Seed Treatment)
separately used with fungal bioagents and fungicides to manage the black scurf of potato. Seed treatment
Thiram @2g/litre water and soil application of T. virens were the least effective with 45.9% reduction in
disease incidence, and 08.50% increase in tuber yield with lowest Cost Benefit ratio (1:2.5).

9.3.11 Role of Granular Insecticides in the Management

of Sucking Pests in Potato (Solanumtuberosum. L)
R. K. Pal, A. K. Yadav, H. V. Dube, Ram Pyare, P. K. Singh and Suraj Katiyar
Department of Vegetable Science, Kalyanpur
C.S Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur
Email- rpal09@rediffmail.com

A field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Kalyanpur, Chandra Shekhar Azad
University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during 2020-2021 to study the effect of granular
insecticides in the management of potato sucking pest (Aphid, White fly and leaf hopper). The six
treatments were arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 replications. Five granular
insecticides with untreated control viz., T1 (Cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 20 kg/ha), T2 (Cartap
hydrochloride 4G @ 25 kg/ha), T3 (Fipronil 0.3 G @ 20 Kg/ha), T4 (Fipronil 0.3 G @ 25 Kg/ha), T5
(Phorate 10 G @ 15 kg/ha) and T6 Control were used at different dosages. Significantly higher per cent
reduction in aphid population (35.50 %) and white flies population were recorded in (35.64 %) in the
treatment T2 (Cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 25 kg/ha) at 40 days after planting however leaf hoppers
population reduction were obtained (14.20, 19.30 & 13.10%) at 20, 30 and 40 days after planting,
respectively in same treatment T2 (Cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 25kg/ha).

9.3.12 Effect of Sowing Dates and Cultivars on Late

Blight Disease and Yield of Potato
Abhimanyu Yadav*, Arvind Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, V. K. Sharma and R. N. Singh
KVK Farrukhabad, C. S. Azad Univ of Agri & Tech, Kanpur, U.P
Email: abhi.kvk@ gmail.com

Potato is one of the important vegetable and nutritious sources of food, grown throughout the world.
The crop suffers from a number of diseases. Among the fungal diseases, late blight caused by Phytophthora
infestans is one of the most important diseases of potato. Alternation in sowing dates affects late blight
disease in potato and other crops. Therefore, the experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in natural
conditions to assess the effect of sowing dates on severity of late blight disease and tuber yield of
potato. To conduct field trail four farmers selected for each cultivar namely K. Chipsona-1, K. Mohan,
K. Khyati and K. Bahar during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Crops were planted on five different dates with
exact 10days gap from first viz. 10 October (first), 20 October (second), 30 October (third), 10
138 Book of Abstracts

November (fourth) and 20 November (fifth) along with recommended package of practices during both
the years. Data on disease severity were recorded at weekly intervals from appearance of the disease up
to harvesting. Yield was also recorded in q/ha. The sowing dates had significant effect on late blight
disease and yield during the both years. Late blight disease was escaped in sowing date first and second
in both years in all cultivars. Maximum disease severity (48.22 and 57.46 percent) was recorded on K.
Bahar followed by K. Chipsona-1 (42.85 and 46.95 percent) in sowing date fifth. Minimum disease
severity 22.11 and 24.29 percent was recorded in sowing date third in K. Khyati during study period. In
case of K. Mohan, disease severity was ranged between 25.11 and 41 .29 percent in sowing date third
to fifth during both the testing years. Maximum tuber yield of 306 and 295 q/ha in K. Khyati were
recorded in second sowing date during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively which was significantly
superior to rest of the cultivars. Based on the experiment, it is concluded that the 20 to 30 October
sowing time is suitable to higher yield and avoid losses from late blight of potato.

9.3.13 Economics and Fungicidal Management of

Phomopsis Blight and Fruit Rot of Brinjal
Ashraf Ali Khan, A. K. Singh* and Ram Palat
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Aligarh, Directorate of Extension, C. S. A. Uni. of Agril. & Tech.
Kanpur-208002 (UP).
*Directorate of Extension, C. S. A. Uni. of Agril. & Tech. Kanpur-208002 (UP)
Email: aali_khan@rediffmail.com

Brinjal is an important vegetable crop in India and its production is mainly constrained up to 30 per cent
due to the seedling and fruit rot caused by fungus, Phomopsis vexans. This disease appears as damping
off, tipover and seedling blight in the nursery and fruit rot in the harvesting crop. KVK Aligarh conducted
on-farm trial to evolve a suitable management strategy against this pathogen. These trials were conducted
at five farmer’s fields using five fungicidal treatments viz., Difenoconazole 25 EC (0.1%), Carbendazim
50 WP (0.1%), Propiconazole (0.1%), Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Sixer) and Mancozeb
75 WP (0.25%), as compared to farmers practice where indiscriminate use of pesticides after appearance
of heavy disease incidence. In this trial brinjal variety “Pusa Purple Long in 3m x 4 m plot size at 50 cm
x 60 cm row to row and plant to plant spacing each in completely randomized block design. The results
of field test with four fungicides seed treatment with Sixer@ 2g/kg seed + 2 foliar sprays with Carbendazim
@ 0.1% recorded least disease intensity (7.50 per cent) and 87.50 percent reduction in disease with
highest fruit yield of 220.50 q/ha and registering 31.25 per cent increase in yield over control with cost
benefit ratio 1: 5.10. Next best treatment was seed treatment with Sixer @ 2g/kg seed + 2 foliar sprays
with Propiconazole recorded 10.10 per cent disease intensity with 201.50 q/ha fruit yield and benefit
cost ratio (1:4.80). The maximum per cent disease intensity 38.50 with Lowest percent reduction in
disease and minimum fruit yield (181.00 q/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1: 3.80) was recorded in case of
Seed treatment with Sixer @ 2g/kg seed + 2 foliar sprays of Mancozeb, when compared with farmers
practice where disease intensity (60.10 per cent), fruit yield of (160.35 q/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1:
2.50) were recorded.
 Book of Abstracts 139

9.3.14 Studies on Effectiveness of Different Insecticides

for the Control of Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes
orbonalis G. on Brinjal
Aditya Bhadauria, Ram Singh, D. K. Singh, Pawan Singh, Ankit Upadhyay
Department of Entomolgy,
C.S.Azad Univrsity of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur -208002 (UP)
Emai- adityasingh6405@gmail.com

Brinjal (Solanam melongena Linn.) var. Type-3 was grown to studies on effectiveness of different
insecticides for the control of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and assessment of
yield and cost benefit ratio in the association of various treatment at the insectary, Department of
Entomology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during kharif 2017. The
effect of various treatments like imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1.0 ml/lit., fipronil 5SC @ 1.5 ml/lit., indoxacarb
14.5 SC @1 ml/lit., malathion 50 EC @ 1ml/lit, Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.4 ml/lit, azadirachtin 1500 ppm @
3 ml/lit. was determined and an untreated control was also maintained to compare with treatment.
Imidacloprid 17.8 SI. was found most effective in treatment reducing the infestation of shoot and fruit
borer followed by fipronil 5 SC and indoxacarb 14.5 SC, they had also given promising fruit yield i.e.
180.35 q/ha, 174.60 q/ha and 166.45 q/ha, respectively and proved most effective insecticide. Imidacloprid
may be recommended for effective management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis
G.. The best incremental cost benefit ratio was obtained with imidacloprid 17.8 SL (1:25) and fipronil 5
SC (1:20).
Keywords: Leucinodes orbonalis G; Brinjal, Management.

9.3.15 Efficacy of Different Insecticides and

Biopesticides against Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa
armigera Hubner) on Tomato
Ram Singh Umrao, Santosh Kumar, D. R. Singh and Y. P. Malik.
Department of Entomology
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur -208002 (UP)
Email- umraorscsau@gmail.com

A field study was undertaken at Insectary, Department of Entomology, C.S.A. & T. Kanpur, during Rabi
season, to evaluate different insecticides viz. Indoxacarb 14.5SC, Fipronil sosc, Malation 50EC,
Imidacloprid 17.8SL and biopesticide viz. Spinosad 45SC and Neemarin 1500 ppm against H. armigera
on Tomato crop in comparison with seqrential application of Insecticides i.e. Indoxacarb 14.5SC @lml/
lit. and Fipronil 5SC @ Im/lit. were found most effective. Results showed that all the insecticide significantly
increased the yield of marketable fruits over control. The maximum yield (226.02 q/ha) was recorded in
Indoxacarb followed by Fipronil (209.66 q/ha) and Malathion (196.54 q/ha) respectively. The minimum
yield was recorded in Neemarin (168.09) q/ha) The best incremental cost benefit ratio was obtained in
Indoxacarb 14.5SC (1:27.61) and among biopesticides, Spinosad 45SC (1:9.98).
Keywords: Indoxacarb; Spinosad; Helicoverpa armigera; Tomato. 2022-4-11 17:00
140 Book of Abstracts

9.3.16 Application of ZnO NPs for the Management of

Late Blight of Potato Caused by
Phytophthorainfestans(Mont.) de Barry
Shivam Kumar, S. K. Biswas and Saurabh Kumar
Department of Plant Pathology
C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh – 208002
Email: shivamkumar224229@gmail.com

Potato (SolanumtuberosumLinn.) is the most important vegetable crop in the world, belonging to the
family Solanaceae and considered as “King of Vegetables”. It is major source of nutrition and income to
many population and communities. The major potato growing countries in the world are China, followed
by India (2.173 million hectares area with a production of 50.190 million metric tonnes). In India, potato
is extensively cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and Madhya Pradeshetc.According to
National Horticulture Board, the production of potato in Uttar Pradesh for the 2019-2020 fiscal was 14
million tones as against the 15 million tones produce during the corresponding period in 2018-19.Late
Blight of Potato caused by Phytophthorainfestans(Mont.) de Barryis one of the most important limiting
factors for potato production, its management being strongly dependent on commercial fungicides. But
existing plant disease management relies predominantly on toxic pesticides that are potentially harmful to
human being and the environment.One of the new recent emerging developments the concept of nano-
particles(NPs), it comes support to the new search for alternative, non-hazardous, eco-friendly and
non-chemical plant disease control strategies.Nanoparticles are materials that range between 10 to
100nanometers (nm), it’s have the potential to be directly applied as tuber treatment and spray on foliage
for protection against several pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria and viruses etc. On the account of eco-
friendly in nature, to evaluated the possibilities of using ZnO NPs instead of commercial pesticides.
Usually, to evaluate the effect of ZnO NPsagainst Late Blight of Potato disease at various concentrations
(75ppm, 100ppm, 125ppm and 150ppm) to determined antifungal activities In-vitro and in-vivo condition.
The application of 150 ppm concentration of ZnONPs produced maximum inhibition rate on radial
mycelial growth as well as conidial germination as compare to control under In-vitro condition. Under
fieldcondition, tuber treated with 150ppm and foliar spray as same concentration of ZnO NPs were
reduced highest disease severity of Late Blight of Potatoand least disease severity reduced tuber treated
with 75ppm concentration ofZnO NPs. The highest antifungal activities were observed in the case of
treatment with 150ppm ZnO NPs in In-vivo condition and same concentration of ZnO NPs under In-
vitro condition. Therefore, the results clearly demonstrated that the ZnO NPs have the effective potential
to inhibit their normal vegetative and reproductive growth of the fungal pathogen in field conditions as
well as under controlled environment condition.
Keywords: ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs), Potato, Phytophthorainfestans, disease severity
 Book of Abstracts 141

9.3.17 Application of Drip fertigation to Guava Trees

Enhanced Soil Enzymatic and Microbial Activity in
Orchard
Manpreet Singh Preet*, Rajesh Kumar**, Shashank Srivastav*
P.N. Nigam***, Mohd. Shameem khan****
*Assistant Professor, Graphic Era Hill University,
**Associate Professor, GBPUAT Pantnagar,
***Assistant professor, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur U.P.
****Assistant Director, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur U.P.

Irrigation water can well enough manipulate the soil-plant root environment and thereby changes the
status of soil microbial population including soil enzymatic activities. North India has started facing the
water scarcity from the month of November to March which is likely to be extended upto April – May.
Therefore, the objective of this field experiment was to standardize the drip irrigation and fertigation
doses supplemented with silver-black plastic mulch guava plants orchard. The execution of experiment
was confined under randomized block design in which total nineteen treatments were replicated four
times referring to NPK fertigation doses 100%, 80% and 60% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF),
drip irrigation (DI) levels (100%, 80%, and 60%) and plastic mulching (with and without silver-black
plastic mulching). The results revealed that silver- black plastic mulching significantly increased the
fugal as well as bacterial count of the soil, respectively while as minimum was under non mulched
plants. Likewise maximum soil dehydrogenase, acidic soil phosphatase, respectively was observed
under MDI2F1 (i.e. trees which are under mulch, received irrigation at 80% CPE level and 100 % NPK
level) treatment while as alkaline soil phosphatase was highest under MDI2F2 (i.e. trees which are under
mulch, received irrigation at 80% CPE level and 80 % NPK level).

9.3.18 Eco-friendly Management of damping-off, Wilt

and Another Soil born Diseases of Vegetable Crops by
Bio-char Application in Soil
Saurabh Kumar, S. K. Biswas, Shivam Kumar, Ravi Kumar and Dheer Kumar
Department of Plant Pathology, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur (U.P)
E-mail:- kamalsaurabh8843@gmail.com

Now days, Climate change is threatening food security in worldwide. Several countries facing this
problem, India are also more vulnerable in view of the tropical monsoon climate and poor coping
capacity most of the small and marginal farmers. Several agricultural practices likes’ unrulled, banned
and indiscrimination using of agro-chemicals and agricultural crop residue burning contribute to emission
of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) leading to warming of the atmospheric climate. One of the new recent
emerging developments the concept of bio-char, a carbon containing product derived from some organics
and agricultural wastes, it ‘comes support to the search for alternative, non-hazardous, eco-friendly and
non-chemical plant disease control strategies. Generally, a wide range of bio-char effective against the
control of root and foliar fungal pathogens through modification of root exudates and the induction of
142 Book of Abstracts

plant defence compounds, by bio-char in roots to also reduce foliar disease causing fungi due to the
activation of stress hormone responses, and it also changes in active oxygen species are indicative of a
coordinated hormonal signalling within the plant. Bio-char promotes changes in the soil microbial population
and also influencing on motility, colonization and spore production against soil born disease causing
pathogens and also fungi belong to class oomycetes, by the induction of systemic plant defence
mechanisms. Since bio-char exert multifaceted and distinct modes of action for the control of plant
pathogens. So it’s directly contributing to suppression of plant diseases.
Keywords: Bio-char, non-hazardous, damping-off, agro-chemicals and oomycetes etc.

9.3.19 Effect of Soil Amendments with Inorganic

Chemicals for Reducing the Disease Severity and
Incidence of Common Scab of Potato [Streptomyces
scabies (Thaxter) Waksman and Henrici]
Shivam Kumar, S. K. Biswas, Ravi Kumar, Saurabh Kumar, Kishan Lal
Department of Plant Pathology
CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002
Email: shivamkumar224229@gmail.com

Potato (SolanumtuberosumLinn.) is the most productive vegetable crop in the world’s belonging to the
family Solanaceae and provides a major source of nutrition, income to many population and communities.
When freshly harvested, it contains about 80 percent water and 20 percent dry matter content.IDM
practices significantly reduced the disease severity and disease incidence of common scab of potato as
compared to control in field condition. Among all the treatments show that the minimum disease incidence
of common scab of potato with the value of 7.19 % was recorded in T4 [Soil amendments with Elemental
Sulphur @ 5q/ha + Tuber treatments with T. harzianum@ 5gm/kg of tuber+ Foliar spray of Copper
Oxychloride with Streptocycline (3:1)] treatment followed by T5 [Soil amendments with SSP @ 10q/ha
+ Tuber treatments with T. harzianum@ 5gm/kg of tuber+ Foliar spray of Copper Oxychloride with
Streptocycline (3:1) ]treatmentsshowing with the value of 8.89%, at the time of harvesting. The minimum
disease severity of common scab of potato with value 1.64, 5.53, 8.26, and 10.89 % was also recorded
at 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS in T4treatment, followed by T5 treatment showing with the value of 2.48, 6.78,
10.52 and 13.13% was recorded at 45, 60, 75 & 90 DAS, respectively.From the results, it is cleared that
all IDM practices were able to reduce the disease severity andincidence of common scab over control.

9.3.20 Production Potential of Hookah Tobacco +

Vegetable Pea Based Intercropping Systems in U.P.
Arvind Kumar Srivastava, Karam Hussain and Mohd. Shamim
C S Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur – 208002 (UP)

A field experiment was conducted for two years during rabi 2016-17 to 2018-19 at Tobacco Research
Station Araul, C S Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur (UP) with objective of increasing
economic returns per unit area. The experiment comprising of five treatments was laid out in a randomized
 Book of Abstracts 143

block design with four replications. Vegetable pea was intercropped with tobacco (main crop) in additive
series @ 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The pooled results revealed that plant height, leaf length, leaf width, no. of
curable leaves per plant and cured leaf yield significantly influenced with 1:1 row ratio. Tobacco +
Vegetable pea in 1:1 row ratio recorded higher values of tobacco cured leaf equivalent yield (44.07 kg /
ha), gross return (207129 INR/ ha), net profit (126220 INR/ha) with the cost benefit ratio of 2.56 over
the rest of the treatments.

9.3.21 Assessment of Suitable Measure for Management

of Fruit and Shoot Borer in Brinjal
Ajay Kumar Singh, Nimisha Awasthi, A. K. Singh
Scientist (Plant Protection), Scientist (Home science), Coordinator
KVK Kanpur Dehat, KVK Aligarh, and Directorate of extension
Email: drajaysingh25dec@gmail.com
Contact No. 9415265205

Brinjal fruit & shoot borer (LEUCINODES ORBONALIS) is a serious pest for brinjal plant. This fruit
and shoot borer only infest on all kinds of egg plants or brinjal and it feed internally damaging the tender
shoots and fruits. Damage to the plant is caused mainly by the larvae, which bores through the terminal
part of the mid rib of large leaves and tender shoots to cause “dead hearts”. Later on it also enters into
flower buds and fruits. It plugs the entry hole by its excreta. The infested terminal shoots and fruits
ultimately drop out. The pest can cause 70 to 100% damage to the crop. The regular pesticides application
through sprays may not help in managing the shoot and fruit borer. Highly systemic poisons are generally
used to kill the pest which makes the vegetables unsafe to consume. On the other hand insect may
develop tolerance to the pesticides and making it difficult to manage..Hence KVK Kanpur Dehat made an
attempt to control this deadly pest two traps i.e. Sun agro and PCI Traps with @ 25/ ha + 2 spray of
Emamectin Benzoate (5% SG) @ 0.03% have been tested for their efficiency against farmers practice
of 10 sprays of Chlorantraniliprole (18.5 SC) @ 0.03%. Results of the study reveal that 12 fruit/ shoot
per 5 plants were found affected with PCI Traps + @ 25/ ha + 2 spray of Emamectin Benzoate (5% SG)
@ 0.03% with Sun agro Traps + @ 25/ ha + 2 spray of Emamectin Benzoate (5% SG) @ 0.03% only
8 fruit/ shoot per 5 plants were found affected. Since infestation was higher in PCI Traps obviously the
yield get affected, 6.6% less yield was recorded with PCI Traps. So it is recommended to farmers to
adopt Sun agro Traps + @ 25/ ha + 2 spray of Emamectin Benzoate (5% SG) @ 0.03% for effective
control of fruit and shoot borer in brinjal.
144 Book of Abstracts

TECHNICAL SESSION-10
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFUSION OF
KNOWLEDGE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES FOR CLIMATE
RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF
HORTICULTURE

10.1.1 Strategies Approaches for Knowledge

Dissemination to Achieve climate Resilient and
Sustainable Horticulture
Mr. V. V. Sadamate
Agril. Extension Specialist & Former Adviser Agriculture, PC, GOI. Gurgaon, NCR Delhi

10.1.2 Horticulture Based Integrated Farming System

for Improving the Profitability of the Farm and
Farmer’s Income – A CASE study
B.Srinuvasulu1, E. KarunaSree2, A. Devivaraprasad Reddy2
T. Janakiram1 and J. V. Prasad3
Dr.YSR Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem
West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India 1 Director of Extension.
Email: prasad8reddy@gmail.com., 2 KVK maim campus, ATARI), Zone -10, Hyderabad, Telangana

Integration of farming components considering the resource budgeting in the existing ecosystem provides
a best alternative for overcoming the problems of low remunerative monocropping systems mostly
followed by the small and marginal farmers in the country. Adoption of Integrated farming systems by
selecting suitable accomodative components based on the agro climatic situation proved to be best
solution for low farm income due to mono-cropping, increased pests and diseases, miss match to
market demand/price etc. One of the best alternatives for increasing the efficiency of food production
system is to use an integrated farming system. The end or by-product of one farming system can be
used as raw material to the other farming system. The main goal of an integrated farming system is to
maximise yields and sustainability. The term “optimization” refers to lowering the cost of production
while also increasing agricultural and animal productivity.KrishiVigyan Kendra, Venkataramannagudemhas
intervened in the existing farming situations of tribal mandalsand implemented the Integrated Farming
System as per the resources available with the tribal families. IFS system has resulted in the sustainabilityof
production with nutritional, economic, employmentand environmental security, alleviating the
povertyamong these small and marginal farmers.These IFS systems were effective towards utilisation/
recycling of organic matter from one to other farming situation for achieving higher profitability with
reducing cost of production. Better management practices and introduction of improved varieties /
breeds has augmented the farm productivity thereby increasing the income, employment throughout the
year and improvement in socio-economic status.
Keywords: Integrated farming system, Agriculture, Horticulture, Livestock, fishery, diversified crops
 Book of Abstracts 145

10.1.3 Horticulture for Women Enterprise to Address

the Challenges of Women Health
E. Karuna Sree1, B. Srinivasulu2, R. Nagaraju3 and T. Janakiram2
Principal Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dr. YSR Horticultural University
Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh

Women empowerment can be considered a change in the contest of a woman’s life that enables increased
capacity to lead a fulfilling human life, characterized by external qualities such as health, education and
awareness, status in the family participation, in decision making and level of material security as well as
internal qualities such as self-awareness and self-confidence (Ackerlay, 1995). Gender equality is, first
and foremost, a human right. A woman is entitled to live in dignity and freedom. Empowering women is
also an indispensable tool for advancing development and reducing poverty. Empowered women contribute
to the health and productivity of whole families and communities and improved prospects for the next
generation. The importance of gender equality is underscored by its inclusion as one of the eight Millennium
Development Goals. Gender equality is acknowledged as being a key to achieving the other seven goals.
Dr. YSR Horticultural University strongly believes the fact that without equal priority to women, cannot
achieve the targets and reach the unreached. With a view to address the Educational needs of the rural
and tribal women to promote women entrepreneurs Dr.YSRHU is continuously organising in skill
development programmes through its Processing and Horticultural Skill Training Centre at KVK,
Venkataramannagudem and Citrus Research Station Tirupati. The trainees has successfully adopted the
technologies and started Horticultural based enterprises like nutri gardens, terrace gardens, IFS, fruit
and vegetable processing, beekeeping, milliet hort productsDry flower technology etc. Not only provided
the remunerative employment but also addressing the challenges of mal nutrition and hidden hunger
among the vulnerable groups in rural and tribal villages. Linking community nutri garden programme
with Anganwadis and Schools has ensured supply of fresh greens and vegetables for their supplementary
nutrition programmes and mid-day meal programmes. A total of Three hundred and fifty five women &
youth were trained in abover skill modules and started earning their livelihood there by supporting the
families and children specially to give good education to the children, health to the family members and
improved standards of living in the society. Dr.YSRHU – KVK, Venkataramannagudem intervened tribal
women farmer Smt. T. Ramana of Rekulakunta village received ICAR award “Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay
Anthyodaya Krishi Puraskar-2019” at zonal level for her excellent contribution towards IFS model
adoption. Tribal farmers namely Smt.Madakam Venkayamma, Dasiyyapalem village has received “Udyana
Ratna Award” for best tribal enterprising women farmer and Smt S. Dhansmma of East Rekulakunta
village received IARI innovative farmer award for her contribution in raising Community Nutri Garden
with the help of feliw women as a group. With the intervention of KVK, V.R.Gudem Smt.P.Bullemma,
tribal women transformed into millet processing entrepreneur and supplying multi grain biscuits to 26
tribal welfare schools under ITDA-K.R.Puram.
146 Book of Abstracts

10.1.4 Fruit Based Cropping / Farming System for

Higher Productivity and Profitability
B.L. Manjunath, IIHR, Hesaraghatta lake post, Bengaluru

10.2 Oral Presentation

10.2.1 Performance of Cucurbitaceous Demonstrations

in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh, India
Rajiv
Department of Vegetable Science
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur Kanpur-208 024 (Uttar Pradesh), India
Email: rajiv.agro69@gmail.com

Integrated Crop Technology (ICT) based demonstrations were conducted on cucurbitaceous with
improved technologies against farmers practices on farmer’s fields during 2017-18 and 2018-19 in
central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh. The demonstrations were conducted in form of half-field
demonstration. Each demonstration had an area of 0.2 ha, in which half area (0.1 ha) was kept under
conventional system and rest half (0.1 ha) under improved techniques of crop production demonstrated
side-by-side. Under improved techniques, integrated crop technologies approach was demonstrated
included interventions viz., use of improved variety with optimum seed rate, optimum plant stand,
optimum dose of fertilizer application, use of plant growth regulator and proper weed management.
Under conventional system, farmers used old varieties with high seed rate, without seed treatment,
imbalance use of fertilizer application, without plant growth regulator and no proper weed control. The
demonstrations were conducted on bottle gourd (30), bitter gourd (28) and cucumber (35). The results
showed that improved techniques increased yield over farmers practices by the margins of 130.16 q/ha
or 52.43 % in bottle gourd, 45.64 q/ha or 38.87 % in bitter gourd and 77.58 q/ha or 68.93 % in
cucumber. Net profit of Rs. 81,788.0/ha in bottle gourd and Rs. 53,512.0/ha in bitter gourd realized by
farmers. Lowest of Rs. 35,204.5/ha net profit was increased in cucumber. There was wide technology
gap, which need to bridge by promoting the scientific production and protection technologies of
cucurbitaceous crops in central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh.

10.2.2 Feasibility of Desi Poultry Farming in Litchi,

Mango and Apple Orchard
2
Sanjay Kumar Singh and 2S. D. Pandey
ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi
Mushahari Farm, Muzaffarpur 842 002, Bihar
Email: sanjay.singh3@icar.gov.in; sanjayhor@rediffmail.com

Under free range farming, the animals, for at least part of the day, can roam freely outdoors, rather than
being confined in an enclosure for 24 hours each day. In Bihar and Uttar Pradesh the residents rear desi
 Book of Abstracts 147

birds under backyards under confined and restricted spaces. We can integrate horticulture (fruit cropping)
with poultry and earn the benefit of rearing chicks under free ranges under these fruit crops. The high
density planting in litchi (4.5 x 4.5m) and after revitalization of rejuvenated block with proper canopy
management where desi chicks (4-6 weeks old) of Vanaraja, Shipra and Kadaknath were released in
the orchard and after achieving body weight of 1.5 kg the adult chicks were sold and fresh batches were
provided after 2 month of initial batch and the cycles were continued. The available N per ha was
enhanced to 294 kg per ha (against 200 kg per ha), likewise P2O5 content improved to 13.71 kg per ha
(against 9.14 kg per ha) and soil content of K as also increased to 116 kg per ha (against 83.00 kg per ha)
after six month of intervention. The level of leaf webber infestation is reduced to 50 %, red weevil to
9.75 % against 11.11 % in normal orchard. The September month onward, the survival rate is higher
(>70 %) in comparison to June (63.15 %). The survival percentage is highest in Vanaraja followed by
Kadaknath and Shipra. 10-20 % of feed can be replaced with crushed seeds of litchi and its dried peel.
Due to Ca deficiency the shell thickness of egg was reduced by 50 % which was compensated with
mixing (5 %) crushed snail shell in the feed. The fruit yield and size was also improved.
In mango orchard certain bird strains such as Kadaknath exhibited high flight and fed on hoppers and
leaf webber insect situated on upper canopy of mango and litchi, there is reduced weed population,
owing to integration of desi poultry. Each bird in a mango orchard used to supplement 45 kg manure in
the form of droppings in its entire life cycle. Orchard having flock size of 500 birds gets around 225
quintal of poultry manure. The mango orchardists have realized the net returns of Rs. 1.72 lakhs per
acre by integrating desi poultry in mango orchard which was higher in comparison to non integrated
orchards (Rs. 0.12 lakhs per acre).
In the orchard of apple, the Vanaraja birds have shown tremendous performance in Kashmir valley
fields and have raised hope of transforming the economy of rural Kashmir. 300-500 Vanraja birds of
one moth old can be released in 0.5 ha of apple orchard. Now apple orchardists are satisfied with the
concept and there is increased demand for the birds to be reared under this innovative concept. The net
profit/ha/year with rearing 400 birds in apple orchard was recorded upto Rs. 1,01,850. Therefore, the
land of litchi, mango and apple if exploited for integrated farming will yield better profitably. With this
backdrop the rearing of high technology birds in orchards can be thought of.

10.2.3 Knowledge and Attitude of Farmers towards

Organic Farming: A Study of Aligarh District of Uttar
Pradesh
Netrapal Malik1, A. K. Singh2, A. H. Warsi3 and M. K. Singh4
Scientist-Agricultural Extension, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (CSAUAT, Kanpur) Mohanpura, Distt.-
1

Kasganj2Coordinator, Directorate of Extension,3Scientist-Crop production, Krishi Vigyan Kendra

(CSAUAT, Kanpur) Chherat, Distt.- Aligarh4Associate Professor- Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varansi
Email .: netrapalmalik1@gmail.com

Prolonged and over-application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming have started showing
hazardous effects on soil, water, human health and on environment. Increasing cost of cultivation,
stagnation in productivity, deterioration in soil health and degradation in the quality of human food are
the side effects of modern agricultural practices. To address these issues, at present organic farming is
being promoted as a way of balancing nature with human needs, predominantly for conserving natural
resources and avoiding the negative effects of indiscriminate use of inputs in agriculture. For policymakers
148 Book of Abstracts

and managers, organic farming is about making better earth for sustained living, for the consumer it is
about health and wellness while for farmers sustaining the family and maximising farm income are the
primary concerns. In this situation, farmers’ knowledge about organic farming practices and attitude
toward organic farming will play a vital role in accelerating the adoption of organic farming practices.
Keeping these facts in view present study was conducted in Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh to assess
the knowledge level of farmers about organic farming and their attitude towards it. For assessing the
farmers’ attitude towards organic farming a 5 point Likert scale was used and to assess the knowledge
level a test was developed based on the package of practices for organic farming. Based on the finding
of the study the present paper discusses an extension strategy for promoting organic farming in District
Aligarh in particular and in similar areas in general.

10.2.4 Message Designing for Agricultural Information

Sharing through Social Media
Netrapal Malik1, A. K. Singh2 K. K. Singh3, Ram Palat4 and A.H. Warsi5
1
Scientist-Agricultural Extension, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (CSAUAT, Kanpur) Mohanpura,
Distt.- Kasganj, U.P.
2
Coordinator, Directorate of Extension, CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P.
3
Senior Scientist and Head, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (CSAUAT, Kanpur), Mohanpura, Distt.-Kasganj U.P.
4
Incharge, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (CSAUAT, Kanpur) Chherat, Distt.- Aligarh, U.P.
5
Scientist-Crop production, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (CSAUAT, Kanpur) Chherat, Distt.- Aligarh , U.P.
Email : netrapalmalik1@gmail.com

As per an estimate average public extension services only reach 6.8 per cent of farmers. Another survey
indicated that of the 40.6 per cent of households who received extension assistance, only 11 per cent of
the services came from physical government machinery extension agents, Krishi Vigyan Kendras and
agricultural universities. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) mediated extension has
the potential of minimizing this gap. ICTs are reviving agricultural extension and advisory services
around the world. In the present scenario, social media has emerged as a powerful tool for information
sharing. Social media are web-based tools of electronic communication that allow users to personally
and informally interact, create, share, retrieve, and exchange information and ideas in any form (text,
pictures, video, etc.) that can be discussed upon, archived, and used by anyone in virtual communities
and network. There is a vast diversity in the social, cultural and farming situation of the farmers of
India. A single message cannot cater the information need of all the farmers. There is a need to keep in
view the socio-psychological and agro-ecological profile of the farmers before designing messages on
farm advisory. The first step in designing the message is situation analysis. First of all extension agent
must analyse the situation of the farming community with whom he/ she is going to share the farm
advisory. Tools like Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Focused Group Discussion (FGD), In-depth
Interviews etc. can be used for situation analysis. After analyzing the situation extension agent must
identify the best suitable and available technology to address the problem or information need of the
particular farming community. The next step is to give the most preferred treatment to the message
identified for sharing through social media. There is a need for pre-testing the message before sharing it.
After sharing the message through social media, the next step is assessing the overall effectiveness of
the message. In this way, we can harness the full potential of social media for sharing farm advisories
with the farmers. The present paper discusses in detail the procedure for message designing for agricultural
information sharing through social media.
 Book of Abstracts 149

10.2.5 On-Farm Crop Response to Plant Nutrients in

Predominant Cropping Systems and their Impact on
Crop-livestock-Human Continuum.
U. S. Tiwari, Karam Husain, M. Z. Siddiqui and Naushad Khan
AICRP-IFS (ICAR), Department of Agronomy
C. S. Azad University of Agri. & Tech. Kanpur-02

A filed study was conducted during 2018-19 and 2019-20 on farmers filed under on-farm research at
Tharion, Fatehpur to assess the response of major crop to nutrients in predominant cropping system in
central plain zone of U.P. The experiment was executed in Randomized block design with seven treatments
i.e. (1) control (2) N, N (3) N P, N P6 (4) N K , N K (5) N P6K, N P6K4 (6) N P6K4+ ZnS, N P6K4 (7)
Farmers’ practice. All the treatment were tested at 24 farmers field at different locations. The study
results of both the years revelled that highest yield of paddy, wheat and system productivity was recorded
with 150 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 40 kg K2O + 25 kg ZnSO4 in paddy and 120 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 40 kg
K2O in wheat crop during both the years. The highest Rice Yield Equivalent, Net return and B:C ratio was
also observed with the treatment T6 . The highest nutrient concentration and uptake of nutrients in grain
and straw of both paddy and wheat crops was also recorded with T6. It is interesting to report that more
than sufficient nutrients concentration of NPK & Zn in grain and straw of paddy and wheat crop was
registered with T6 i.e. balance fertilizer NPK & Zn. On the basis of result it can be concluded that
balanced application of major nutrients NPK and minor nutrient Zn enhance the productivity, profitability
and quality of paddy and wheat crop as it is helpful to secure livelihood security of farm house hold in
central plain zone of U.P.

10.2.6 Diversification of Existing Farming System Under

Marginal Household Conditions
M. Z. Siddiqui, Karam Husain, Naushad Khan, U. S. Tiwari and Suhail Ahmed
AICRP-IFS (ICAR), Department of Agronomy
C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Kanpur-02

In IFS system, OFR-Centre, Tharion, Fatehpur, average family size of three members including two
adult and one child. Farmers deriving their family livelihood from 0.4 hectare of land in his native village
Jalala. The most prevalent farming system in his door was Crop + Dairy + Horticulture. The average
annual rainfall of the region was 940 mm. During the bench mark survey in October, 2016, it was found
that farmers growing Rice (0.16 ha), Cauliflower (0.24 ha) in Kharif, wheat (0.40 ha) in Rabi and
Moong (0.16 ha) in summer. The productivity of all grown crop was low as compared to potential yield.
The major constraints for low productivity were identified as no application of potassium and Zinc,
higher dose of nitrogenous fertilizers; higher seed rate and weed infestation. In addition to crop production,
farmers maintained two murrah buffalos and two goats. Total milk production of both the buffalos was
1500 litre / year which were very low as compared to potential milk production. The major constraints
in low milk yield were poor nutrition, improper feeding and health care and poor shelter. He was getting
total annual income of Rs. 51073.00/ year from crop and livestock for their family survival. On–farm
research experiment entitled “Diversification of existing farming system under marginal household
150 Book of Abstracts

conditions” under OFR, Centre Tharion, Fatehpur, running under C. S. Azad University of Agriculture
and Technology, Kanpur. On–farm research is being conducted in system mode through participatory
approach by identifying the module – wise constraints and addressing the same with no or low-cost
interventions and new innovations.The major constraints in crop module were addressed by applying no
cost, low cost and knowledge based interventions like supplying of MOP and Zn, recommended dose of
Nitrogen – fertilizer with recommended seed rate, weed management and timely sowing etc as well as
year round green fodder availability, diversification of chari in 0.08 ha area was done. Diversification of
mustard in 0.16 ha area was also practiced to save marketable expenditure on oilseed. In fallow area of
summer, Green gram in 0.16 ha area was also practiced to fulfil their pulse requirement. The additional
income of Rs. 77,479.00/year was fetched after interventions and diversification in crop module in
comparison to bench mark stage.Similarly, in livestock component, the main constraints were addressed
by making availability of green fodder by growing Chari crops, supply of mineral mixture and de-
wormer (Penacure). In addition to this, knowledge on clean milking, sanitation of shelter and timing of
proper feeding schedule was imparted. These interventions resulted into additional milk yield of 300 lit./
year. The total milk production was increased from 1500 Litre to 1800 litre which recorded 20 %
additional benefits over benchmark status.
Under product diversification, a nutritional kitchen gardening was promoted to fulfil their fruit and
vegetable requirement. 200 Sqr. Metre area was allocated for organic kitchen gardening. Vegetable seeds
of Okra, Bitter gourd, palak, pumpkin, cucumber along with saplings of Nimboo, Karounda, Papaya and
Banana were provided for sowing & planting. Total 65 kg of vegetable were produced and total consumed
by their family. The fruit plants in kitchen garden are under progress. Under the capacity building
programme, trainings on improved practices of kharif and Rabi crops, rearing of animal, goat rearing
and NKG were conducted to in rich practical knowledge of farmer. At the time of bench mark, the
farmers were getting the annual average income of Rs. 51,073.00 per year. After interventions and
innovation in crop, live stock and capacity building. He obtained the annual income of Rs. 77,479.00 per
year. Additional income of Rs. 26,406.00 was obtained due to interventions and innovation in different
farming system modules.
On the whole, the farmers of village of Jalala under Malwan block Distrct- Fatehpur adopting farming
system approach of crop cum livestock cum horticulture fetched total income of Rs. 77479.00 in
comparison to benchmark income of Rs. 51073.00 which is 51.70% higher than the benchmark. The
income fetched by adopted farmer will surely improve living standard of his family. If it is continued, the
total income is bound to stepped up for improving his livelihood further.

10.2.7 Role of Women in Safe Seed Storage by

Domestic Method
Sadhana Vaish, Jitendra Singh and Arvind Kumar Singh*
*Sr. Scientist (Home Science), **Scientist (Agronomy), ***Sr. Scientist & Head,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thariaon, Fatehpur

Farm families work very hard to grow as much grain as possible from their marginal lands. Farmers
facing seed problem, he cannot purchase seed .seed availability is very less and it is costly, therefore, as
much as 15 percent of what they keep for seed is damaged or lost in storage. Considering that farm
families store about 70 percent of the seeds they produce this amount to a considerable loss. But
something can be done about these loses. Generally there is a gap 7-10 months from the time of harvest
until the next sowing of seed crop’s. Depending on the crop, the seed produced on one season must be
saved for planting in next season. The quality of seed at time of sowing depends on the quality of seed
 Book of Abstracts 151

that entered storage and how well it was stored. The village Jalulla and Dhamauli of district Fatehpur
were selected with the purpose to save seed from the incidence of pulse beetle, khapra beetel by Krishi
Vigyan Kendra, Thariaon, Fatehpur, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agrculture & Technology,
Kanpur.In the first step a group of 100 women was trained in each village through training programme
organized on “Store Grain Pest Control with Domestic Method”. The farm women were advocated to
dry the pulses for seed thoroughly by spreading it uniformly over a clean and on Pucca Floor made of
stone, Bricks and cement. The clean kernels of pulses from dust and debris were treated with oils
through mixing. The edible oil of mustard @ 5g/kg of kernels of grams, pea, urd and moong were mixed
by hand, which stored for domestic uses. The edible oil of Taramira and non edible oil of Neem @ 5 g/
kg kernels Parad Tikri 10 Pi US/ghi to use of aforementioned pulses were used in seed materials. Both
type treated materials storage in air tight store or Bakhari. It was observed that both the materials were
saved from the incidence of pulse beetel and Khapra beetle up to six months. No harm full effect was
observed on the germination of seed. This generated technology spread in the pilot area like to forest
fire. Now a days farm families of the adopted village growing seed by seed filled technique harvesting
the fruits of technology and adopted store grain pest control with successful domestic method.
Keywords: Awareness, Sustainable Agriculture, Health

10.2.8 Nutri Garden – A Way Forward for Enhancing

Farmer’s Income and Household Nutritional Security
Priya Vashishtha”, Vinita Singh, P. K. Rathi
and C. P. N. Gautam
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hardoi, Directorate of Extension
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Tech., Kanpur (U.P.)

Community and nutrition gardens can play an important role in enhancing national food security and
dietary diversity to combat malnutrition. Nutrition gardens enhance dietary diversity by providing
micronutrients through constant supply of fruits and vegetables sufficient to meet the family requirements.
Thus, nutrition gardens can prove to be a sustainable model for providing food security and diversity to
combat malnutrition at the household or community level. The study was undertaken by the KVK,
Hardoi-I. In villages of Hardoi district, the major problems are poor health status, malnutrition causing
growth retardation, reduced work output and high morbidity and mortality rate among the population. In
order to improve food and nutritional security of family members, KVK, Hardoi-I demonstrated- FLD
on kitchen gardening during 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21. The present study was conducted in 11
villages namely Bagha, Barkera, Rukmanapur, Darbeshpur, Mujahidpur, Tatyora, Maraipurwa, Barbitapur,
Habibpur, Kalyani, Devipurwa to improve the nutritional security of the family members through
development of kitchen garden near to their houses. A total of 30 numbers of families were selected
constituting 30 farm women. It was found that the production of vegetables of respondents increased
by 586.2 per cent resulting increase in consumption of vegetable by 48.81 per cent and subsequently
vegetable purchasing decreased by 32.1%. It was also seen that apart from economic saving on vegetable
consumption, kitchen gardening also provided them a livelihood support enterprise for fighting against
malnutrition and poverty by providing them an additional income and empowerment of women. Likewise,
intake of energy, protein and iron increased significantly after introduction of Nutri garden (p£0.05).
Keywords: Nutrition, Health Status, Malnutrition, Kitchen Gardening
152 Book of Abstracts

10.2.9 Indigenous Cattle Must for Natural Farming

Devendra Swaroop, Alka Katihar and Arvind K. Singh
C.S.A.U.A. & T., Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thariaon, Fatehpur (U.P.)
E-mail: dswaroopcsa@gmail.com

Natural resources, environment and particularly agriculture are under intense pressure, due to ever
increasing demand for the food grains. Natural farming is a chemical free, traditional farming method, it
is considered as agro ecology based diversified farming system which integrates crops, vegetables,
fruits, trees and livestock with functional biodiversity. In the zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) nothing
has to be purchased from outside. As natural farming works on the principle that there is no shortage of
nutrients in the soil, air and water, and healthy soil biology can unlock these nutrients. All the nutrients
required for the growth of plant are available around the root zone of the plants. There is no need to add
anything from outside, as our soil is prosperous and full of essential nutrients. The nutrients in the soil
are in the unavailable form, i.e. they are in the form of grains not chapatti or roti. The roots cannot take
it in this form. This non-available form is converted into available form by the millions of micro-
organisms. These valuable micro-organisms are destroyed by continuous and heavy uses of chemical
fertilizers, insecticides, weedicides, etc. To obtain proper availability of micro-organisms we have to re-
establish them in the soil and it is possible only by applying precious cow dung / urine of Indian cattle in
the form of farm yard manure, jeevaamrit , dhanjeevamrit, bramhastra, agniastra, beejamrit etc prepared
from dung and urine of Indigenous cow. The cow dung is a miraculous culture as one gram of cow
dung contains about 300 to 500 crores beneficial and effective microbes. Thus, once again as mentioned
in Vedas importance of Indian Cow with hump has proved beneficial and worthy for the betterment of
soil, agriculture, horticulture, environment and health of society.
Keywords: Natural farming, Indian cattle, Cow dung, Micro-organisms, jeevamrit,

10.2.10 Doubling Farmers’.Income in Lakhimpur-Kheri

District of Uttar Pradesh: Challenges and Solutions
Sanjay Singh1, Nagendra Kumar Tripathi2, Pradeep Kumar Bisen3, Mohd Suhail4,
Jiya Lal Gupta5 and Santosh Kumar Vishwakarma6.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-I, Lakhimpur-Kheri,
Chandra Sekhar Azad University of Agriculture& Technology, Kanpur (UP)

In the earlier efforts, the production of cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables were successfully produced
by the farmers of the district but they never got remunerative price for their produce. Farmers were
forced to sell their produce in low price because of food processing units and cold storage structures
are not well establish in district. The quality inputs i.e. seed and pesticides were not available. Irrigation
facilities are lacking in many places and farmers are dependent on canal and rains for successful farming.
Many times, unpredictable weather damages crops leading to economic losses. Thus, efforts to improve
economic conditions of farmers must lay due emphasis on improving the basic infrastructure related to
farming in this regard Government of Uttar Pradesh started Farm Machinery Bank like Scheme to
improve the efficiency of small and medium farmers which is appreciable but small and medium food
processing industries should be established in district level to ensure proper disposal of produce at
remunerative prices.
Keywords: Agriculture, Income, Industries, Infrastructure, Food Processing
 Book of Abstracts 153

10.2.11 Four Golden Pillars: Generating More Than

Doubling Income of Farmer
K. M. Karetha
Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural Univer-
sity, Junagadh-362 001 (Gujarat), India.* Corresponding author
Email :kmkaretha@jau.in

Our farmers are facing problems for generation of income. But there is one hope ray for enhancing the
more than doubling income of farmers through construction of palladium building on four golden pillars.
i.e. (1) Low-cost cultivation: by natural farming, organic farming, zero budget farming, cow based
farming, Vedic farming etc. (2) Post harvest management, Processing and value addition of farm produces:
Post harvest technology and processing have potentiality to create rural industries. We can minimize the
post harvest loss and increase the shelf life of fresh as well as processed products of horticulture
through post harvest management and value addition. Operations after harvesting like trimming, curing,
sorting, washing, grading, chemical treatment, packaging, storage, transportation and marketing are
very useful for enhancing quality of fresh as well canned products. We can prepare and preserve so
many value added products like jam, jelly, candy, preserve, squash, syrup, cordial, RTS, ketch-up,
sauce, chutney, nectar, pickle, marmalade etc. through canning, bottling, freezing, dehydration, drying
and ionization methods. There is no limit for enhancing the income through post harvest management
and value addition in horticultural industries. Today we know that there is no need of more production,
but there is a need of value addition of our farm produce. We also know that some times the price of one
kg lime is Rs.5.00 only in local market. But we can earn Rs. 500 from one kg lime by making different
value added product like lime syrup (from lime juice-Rs150), lime pickle or chutney from lime fruit peel
after extraction of juice (Rs. 100), lime seedlings from lime seed 30-40 (Rs. 300-400). There are so
many examples of this type of value addition of horticultural as well as other farm produce. So, there is
no need for waiting five years for doubling the income, we can earn more than doubling income in one
season or in one year through post harvest management, processing and preservation of different value
added products from fresh horticultural as well as other farm produces. (3) Self marketing: Selling of
my value-added farm produces by means of me. Selling through local Mandy, vegetable &amp; fruit
market, family farmer concept, home delivery, Fruit and vegetable mall khedut hat, my own retail shop,
internet website etc. (4) Export: India is the second largest producer of the fruits and vegetables in the
world after China. Nothing good this for us! Because our export and processing share in worldwide is
nearly about one percent. More than 50% world mango production in our country. But we can’t export
our mango more than 1%, reason is that yet our farmers have not knowledge about how can we
produce worldwide quality produce? But it is possible by Production according to international standards/
norms using GLOBALGAP, GMP, GHP and NPOP etc.
154 Book of Abstracts

10.3 Poster Presentation

10.3.1 Awareness of Sustainable Agricultural Practices

for Better Health of Women Farmers in Fatehpur
Sadhana Vaish, Jitendra Singh and Arvind Kumar Singh*
*Sr. Scientist(Home Science),**Scientist(Agronomy),
***Sr. Scientist & Head, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thariaon, Fatehpur

Agriculture is one of the largest and the most important sector for the masses in India. Most of the rural
livelihood in India is dependent on agriculture either directly or indirectly. Due to lack of proper knowledge
and awareness about the various agricultural practices sustainable agriculture is now becoming a matter
of great concern for all stakeholders. The challenges faced by the farmers are mostly due to agro-
climatic, social and economic factors, apart from lack of awareness and adoption level of Climate
Resilient Agricultural practices especially in small villages. Since women farmers are majorly deprived of
enhancing knowledge and decision making, their health is the worst affected. In order to understand
these health effects this study was undertaken in village Usraina of block Haswan, Thariaon, Fatehpur
where major health effects of women farmers were observed and precautionary measures were suggested.
The results revealed that 90.0 per cent of the farm women perceived that physiological problems like
fatigue, a major problem in agriculture.
Keywords: Awareness, Sustainable Agriculture, Health

10.3.2 Awareness, Availability and Utilization of

Moringa among Farm Families in Kannauj (U.P.)
Poonam Singh*, A. K. Singh** and V. K. Kannaujia***
*Scientist (Home Science) ** Coordinator DE, ***Head and Senior Scientist
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kannauj, Directorate of Extension,
C.S. Azad University of Agric. & Tech. Kanpur

The present research was conducted in Nutri- Smart villages Pachpukhra and Pachaipurva of Jalalabad
block in district Kannauj selected under NARI programme of ICAR in year 2021-2022. Main objective
of study was to assess awareness, availability and utilization of Moringa plant and its different parts for
nutritional and medicinal benefit among farm families and to transfer the relevant technology to combat
the gap. Multi -stage purposive sampling technique was used to select 30 households having nutritional
garden from each village. Thus, total sample for the study comprises of 60 households. The data was
collected on pre –coded interview schedule by using personal interview method and female member
taking care of family was taken as key respondent for the study. The results of the study reveal that only
23.33 percent respondents were aware about the nutritional value of different parts of moringa plant,
18.33 percent were aware about medicinal benefit of its leaf, seed, flower, root and oil, 28.00 percent
farm families were aware about its use as a forage plant for livestock and none of the families were
aware about its use as growth enhancer. Study further reveals that moringa plant was available only in
16.66 percent household and out of that only 10 percent were using its leaf for saag making and 3.33
percent were drying its leave for use in badi or mathri making. There was no use of different parts of
moringa plant in regular diet. To combat the gap of low awareness, availability and utilization of moringa
 Book of Abstracts 155

plant in farm households, 300 moringa planting materials from horticulture unit at Krishi Vigyan Kendra
Kannauj were distributed (5 each household) to plant it in or near nutritional garden of selected households.
Online advisories through WhatsApp groups were sent to farmers and farm women during lockdown
period and method demonstration of various value-added products like moringa powder, moringa soup,
moringa juice, moringa leaf paratha etc. were conducted through on campus and off campus training
programs during Poshan Maah 2021 to enhance its utilization at ground level for fighting against
malnutrition.
Keyword: Moringa, Awareness, Malnutrition, Nutritional, Poshan Maah

10.3.3 Kitchen Garden- A Road Map for Enhancing the

Health of Girl Children
Priya Vashishtha1, C. P. N. Gautam2* and Vinita Singh3**
1 Scientist (H. Sc.), 2* Scientist (Plant Protection), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hardoi
Directorate of Extension, and 3** Associate Prof. (Food Science & Nutrition),
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Tech., Kanpur (U.P.)

Health and nutrition are the most important contributory factor for human resource development in the
country. The nutrition is a burning issue in India which leads to malnourished problem in girl children
and paramount anemic patients can be seen in the rural area. There are several reasons like lack of
knowledge, economic problem and lack of education with regards to balanced diet. The study was
undertaken by the KVK, Hardoi in collaboration with the ICDS and allied departments. A total of six
villages were selected from 2 blocks of Hardoi district. Only severe malnourished girl children were
identified from these villages and thus 16 families could be identified. Vegetable seed kits were provided
to these families along with the scientific layout of kitchen-garden. The physical parameter age, height
and weight were also calculated for enhancing the health status of the girl child in rural area. The impact
of the KVK activities was assessed in terms of before and after intervention followed by the per cent
change in malnutrition by calculating BMI. The study showed that daily consumption of vegetables in
daily diet enhanced the health status and help in minimizing the malnutrition problem to maximum
extend. Kitchen garden which contents all types of vegetables can play a vital role especially in rural area
where consumption of vegetable is not in practice, hence for habituating them for incorporating vegetables
in their daily diet. Kitchen garden is excellent weapon. It could be a cheapest source for rural people
specially girl children for overcome the malnutrition problem.
Keywords: Kitchen Gardening, Malnutrition, BMI (Body Mass Index).

10.3.4 Prevalence of Various Medicinal Herbs in the

Kitchen Gardens in Urban Kanpur Region
Alka Katiyar1*, Arvind Singh1, Ravish Katiyar2, Nimisha Awasthi3
Jagdish Kishore1, Devendra Swaroop1,
1
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thariaon, Fatehpur, U.P. State Seed Certification Agency, Lucknow. KVK Aligarh

Healing with medicinal plants is as old as mankind itself. The term “medicinal plants” includes various
types of plants used for medicinal purposes. The word “herb” has been derived from the Latin
156 Book of Abstracts

word, ”herba” and an old French word ”herbe”. Now a days, herb refers to any part of the plant like
fruit, seed, stem, bark, flower, leaf, stigma or a root, as well as a non-woody plant. These medicinal
plants are also used as food, flavonoid, medicine or perfume and also in certain spiritual activities.
Medicinal plants are used as traditional herbal remedies for some illnesses and disorders such as diabetes,
respiratory illness, sweating and bleeding, wound and infections, regulation of the menstrual cycle,
heart diseases, stomach pain, inflammation, and toothache etc. There are some medicinal herbs being
used by common population mostly present in their gardens such as Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Tulsi
(Ocimum sanctum), Alovera (Aloe barbadensis), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Lemon grass (Cymbopogon),
Pudina (Mentha), Marigold (Tagetes), Sadabahar (Catharanthus roseus), ginger (Zingiber officinale).
Total 50 kitchen gardens in urban Kanpur area were included in this study. In all the gardens, higher
number (more than 60%) were ornamental plants, 20 to 30 % were vegetables while approximately 10
% plants were medicinal herbs. Tulsi plant was highly dominating, it was prevalent in 30 gardens (60
%), followed by Sadabahar (35%), Alovera & marigold each (25%), Lemongrass (20%), Pudina 5%,
Brahmi 2% while turmeric and ginger plants were not found in any garden. This study reveals that, there
is less awareness in urban population regarding the medicinal herbs, although Tulsi is most dominant
medicinal herb in most of the kitchen gardens, this might be due to medicinal as well as some religious
factors associated with this plant.

10.3.5 Growth Performance of Growing Goat Kids

under Field Condition in Lakhimpur-Kheri district
Nagendra Kumar Tripathi1, Sanjay Singh2, Pradeep Kumar Bisen3, Mohd Suhail4,
Santosh Kumar Vishwakarma5 and Jiya Lal Gupta 6.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-I, Lakhimpur-Kheri
Chandra Sekhar Azad University of Agriculture& Technology, Kanpur (UP)

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of supplementary feeding (locally made concentrate
mixture) on growth performance of kids under field condition in Lakhimpur-Kheri district of Uttar
Pradesh. Thirty healthy nondescript local male kids having body weight 4.25±0.10 kg (4 month of age)
were selected and randomly distributed into three equal groups viz. T1 (Control i.e. farmer’s practice),
T2- Grazing and supplementary feeding of locally made concentrate mixture, T3- Grazing plus feeding of
locally made concentrate mixture and two times de-worming. The control (T1) group was maintained
solely on grazing for 6-8 hr on local grazing land, kids of T2 and T3 groups were fed locally made
concentrate mixture @ 3.5% of body weight along with grazing for 240 days. An additional de-worming
of kids (T3) was done two times at 90 days of interval. The results showed that the average daily gain (g/
day) of kids were significantly (P<0.05) difference between T2 and T3 groups. Similarly, the dressing
percent and meat yield of T3 (49% and 7.78 kg) and T2(49% and 7.66 kg) group was higher than
T1(46% and 5.63 kg).Therefore, it was concluded that feeding of locally made concentrate mixture
along with grazing and two time de-worming improved the growth performance of growing male kids.
Keywords: Growing kids, Growth Performance, De-worming.
 Book of Abstracts 157

10.3.6 Demonstration on Grampriya Variety of Chicks

under Tribal Poultry Production in Lakhimpur-Kheri
District, Uttar Pradesh
Nagendra Kumar Tripathi1, Sanjay Singh2, Pradeep Kumar Bisen3, Mohd Suhail4,
Santosh Kumar Vishwakarma5 and Jiya Lal Gupta 6.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-I, Lakhimpur-Kheri
Chandra Sekhar Azad University of Agriculture& Technology, Kanpur (UP)

Low Cost poultry production in tribal areas of Indo Nepal region, improving the family nutrition of Tharu
tribes and also improves the overall agricultural income of the tribals. In the present study the performance
of Grampriya variety of chicken under the low cost poultry farming in Lakhimpur-Kheri district, Uttar
Pradesh was demonstrated. Day old chicks of Grampriya variety were supplied to farmers and the
performance of birds in terms of mortality up to 8 week of age, age at first laying, body weight at the age
of 20 week, annual egg production and economic returns were assessed. Results revealed that mean chick
mortality up to week was about 5.5% while the body weight at the age of 20 week in male and female birds
was 2.68±0.17 and 2.2± 0.12 Kg, respectively. The mean age at first laying was observed as 189±3.2 days
and the annual egg production per bird was 12 ±3.2. In case of economic returns it was found that by
rearing a unit of 25 birds per household can generate an income of about Rs 15800/-. Thus it may be
concluded that Grampriya variety of poultry bird perform very well under tribal areas of Indo Nepal region
and also reared in areas where demand of brown shelled eggs (Desi Egg) was more.
Keywords: Tribal Farmers, Grampriya, Performance, Poultry.

10.3.7 Effective Extension Strategies and Mobilisation of

FPO’s to Market:
M. Prasad1, R. P. and Arvind Kumar3
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Farrukhabad Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology
Kanpur-208002, Uttar Pradesh, India
E-mail:-mahendrarajbhar614@gmail.com
2
Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur
*Corresponding Author E-mail:-raghurajbhar01@gmail.com
3
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Farrukhabad Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology
Kanpur-208002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Email:arvinku1981@gmail.com

Small holder farmers are have to suffer market uncertainties as most policies and institutional supports
favours large and progressive farmers and smaller farmers are devoid of them increasing wider gap
between producers and consumers. In such situation Farmer Produces Organization plays an important
role in promoting and strengthening member based institution of farmers. This business form allows 10
or more producers to form an organization as per its memorandum of association. FPO’s can link
smallholder’s farmers to local, regional, national and international markets effectively if there is no
political interference. FPOs which are formed as Farmer Producer Company (FPCs) allow its member
to access financial and other input services. To surpass this effective and viable profit making FPCs
158 Book of Abstracts

needs to be competent with other companies and rivals in the market and has a huge potential to capture
the future food retails not only in India but in the world.
Keywords: Agriculture, FPCs, market, strengthen, agriculture etc.

10.3.8 Health Benefits of Plants Based Antioxidants

- A Review
Nimisha Awasthi, Arvind Kumar Singh and Ajay Kumar Singh
KVK Aligarh, Directorate of extension and KVK Kanpur Dehat
Email: nimishaawasthi21jan@gmail.com

Antioxidants are found in certain foods and may prevent some of the damage caused by free radicals by
neutralizing them. These include the nutrient antioxidants, vitamins A, C and E, and the minerals copper,
zinc and selenium. Other dietary food compounds, such as the phytochemicals in plants, are believed to
have greater antioxidant effects than vitamins or minerals. These are called the non-nutrient antioxidants
and include phytochemicals, (such as lycopenes in tomatoes and anthocyanins found in cranberries).
Some ill effect of free redials Inflammation of the joints (arthritis), damage to nerve cells in the brain,
which contributes to conditions (such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease), and increased risk
of coronary heart disease etc. There is increasing evidence that antioxidants are more effective when
obtained from whole foods, rather than isolated from a food and presented in tablet form. A well-
balanced diet, which includes consuming antioxidants from whole foods, is far better than having a
supplements tablet. Plant foods are rich sources of antioxidants. They are most abundant in fruits and
vegetables, as well as other foods including nuts, whole grains and some meats, poultry and fish. To
meet your nutritional needs, as a minimum consume fruit and vegetables daily. Although serving sizes
vary depending on gender, age and stage of life. On an average 300 gm vegetables and 150 gm fruit are
recommended by ICMR for proper body functioning. Antioxidants are known to play a key role in the
protective influence exerted by plant foods Gey KF (1990), Gey KF et al. (1991) Willett WC (1991),
Liyana et al. 2006). Consuming fruits and vegetables has been linked to a lower rate of chronic diseases.
The recommendations based on epidemiological studies are: fruits and vegetables ensure the best protection
against the development of diseases caused by oxidative stress, such as cancer, coronary heart disease,
obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cataract. Do not use antioxidant supplements to replace a
healthy diet or conventional medical care, or as a reason to postpone seeing a health care provider about
a medical problem. it is suggested to have plenty of fruits and vegetable to receive natural antioxidants
instead of going for supplementation
Keywords: Food, Vegetables & Fruits, Antioxidants, chronic disease, Cancer, free radicals, supplements
 Book of Abstracts 159

10.3.9 Nutritional Assessment and Diet Formulation of

Elderly of Hathras (Rural) District
Pushpa Devi1, Kamal Kant2, S. K. Rawat3, Sanjay Kumar4, A. K. Singh5 and Sushil Kumar6
1,2,3, Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hathras
4. Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Farrukhaba
5. Head, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hathras
6. Head, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mainpuri
Email:pushpadoharey79@gmail.com

Nutrition is one of the key factors associated with the health and overall wellbeing of every individual.
Considering the elderly population which has increased on account of demographic transition, it has
been observed that there has been a transition in terms of care giving and living arrangement. Although
there’s uniformity in institutional setting, heterogeneity in terms of social, economic, physical and
psychosocial factors affect the dietary intake among the elderly population. The assessment of the
nutritional status is an important component of geriatric evaluation. In the present study the nutritional
status of 150 elderly aged above 60 years of rural area of Hathras district was assessed with the help of
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. Respondents were classified as ‘well-nourished’, ‘at-risk’
and’ malnourished’ on the basis of MNA scores. Data on dietary intake for three days was collected by
the 24 hours dietary recall method and mean intake of nutrients per day was calculated and compared
with RDA. A questionnaire was developed to observe the factors contributing to the nutritional status of
elderly. It is evident that the proportion of ‘at risk’ and ‘malnourished’ elderly classified by MNA were
18.67 and 13.33 percent respectively. This could be attributed to decreased nutrient intake with advancing
age. According to BMI, Maximum numbers of elderly males and females were normal (45.33% and
41.33%) whereas 28% and 29.34 % were obese as elderly male and female respectively. RDAs. . The
average iron intake was lower than recommended value in both males and females. They consumed iron
significantly lesser than their RDA i.e. -13.33% and -40.00% respectively. The average per cent intake
of vitamin A was lower than the recommended values in both males and females. The average percentage
consumption of dietary fibre intake is very low from the recommended values in both males and females.
The females had significantly (p=0.05) higher per cent adequacy for dietary fiber compared to males.
The intakes of all the nutrients were significantly less in malnourished group in comparison to well-
nourished group. Half of the elderly subjects consumed more calories than the RDA. It is concluded that
as the age advances there is corresponding decline in the nutritional status of elderly men and emphasis
needs to be given on diet, health care and associated factors.

10.3.10 Major Challenges Faced By Vegetable Growers

in Lakhimpur Kheri
J. L. Gupta**, Sanjay Singh**, P. K. Bisen**, S. K. Vishwakarma*,
N. K. Tripathi** and Mohd. Suhail**
* Senior Scientist and Head, ** Scientists, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Lakhimpur Kheri-I
(C.S.A.Univ.of Agricture and Technology. Kanpur)
Email:jlcgupta9839@gmail.com

Falling in the Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh the district Lakhimpur Kheri has important area under
sugarcane but some farmers grow vegetables round the year mainly cow pea, potato, tomato, brinjal,
160 Book of Abstracts

cucurbits having marginal to small land holding of good quality cultivable soil but they face lots of
challenges. In this regard a sample of 50 farmers was interviewed randomly for collection of relevant
data from the villages of the Lakhimpur, Mitauli and Mohammdi blocks of the district Lakhimpur Kheri.
The results of collected and valid data revealed that majority i.e. 58.00 per cent farmers faced the
challenges due to unavailability of quality seed, 52.00 per cent responded facing the challenges because
of high seed price while 42 per cent high infestation of insect’s pests and diseases and the least 24.00 per
cent came into challenges of market unavailability.

10.3.11 Analyzing the Use of Medicinal Plants by Rural

Women Uring COVID-19 Pandemic
Alka Katiyar1*, Arvind Singh1 Ravish Katiyar2, Nimisha Awasthi*, Jagdish Kishore1,
Devendra Swaroop1, Pooja Gaur3
1
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Farukhabad, KVK Thariaon, Fatehpur1, U. P. State Seed Certification Agency,
Lucknow.KVK Aligarh* 3Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh
Email: directoraes@csauk.ac.in

This study was conducted among 100 rural women of Fatehpur district to elucidate the use of medicinal
plants by rural women during COVID-19 pandemic. SARS - CoV-2 virus, is the causative agent of
COVID-19 pandemic worldwide with huge mortality and morbidity. In COVID pandemic most of the
death occurred due to severe respiratory illness or multi organ failure It was also noticed that most of
the patients COVID positive were suffering from other illnesses like diabetes or weak immunity. There
is no effective antiviral drug for the treatment of this disease. In Indian tradition medicines there are
many herbs, might be effective to improve the immunity to fight against the disease causing pathogens.
Some important herbs being used by rural Indian population since a long time are- Tulsi (Ocimum
sanctum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), ginger
(Zingiber officinale), Dalchini (Cinnamomum verum), Laung (Syzygium aromaticum), Aloevera (Aloe
barbadensis), Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) etc. In this study Out of
total 100 women maximum 90 % used ginger followed by Tulsi leaves 55%, Turmeric with milk 30%,
Aonla in the form of powder, juice or chyawanprash 20%, Dalchini & laung 15%, Alovera 5 %, while
Neem Giloy & Ashwagandha was used by only 2% of women in their routine life during pandemic.
Most of the herbs were used in form of Kadha (hot extracts of herbs) while ginger was used directly
with tea.

10.3.12 Mushroom: Health and Wealth Together

Ajay Kumar Singh, Nimisha Awasthi and A. K. Singh
Scientist (Plant Protection), Scientist (Home science), Coordinator
KVK Kanpur Dehat, KVK Aligarh, and Directorate of extension
Email: drajaysingh25dec@gmail.com

Proteins are the building blocks of life. Every cell in the human body contains protein. The basic
structure of protein is a chain of amino acids. People need protein in their diet to help their body repair
cells and make new ones. Protein is also important for growth and development in children, teens, and
pregnant women. Mushrooms are one of several vegan-friendly sources of protein. While they’re often
 Book of Abstracts 161

referred to as vegetables, they’re actually fungi. Mushrooms have an earthy; umami flavor allows them
to be easily used in place of meats. Certain mushrooms also have nutrients that are typically found in
meat products, like iron, vitamin B12 and vitamin D. Keeping in mind nutritional importance of mushroom,
Front line demonstration on two verities of oyster black and white were conducted by KVK Kanpur
Dehat in 120 selected farm families of Anooppur, Rudapur, Majhiyar and Aurangabad Village of Maitha
Block of District Kanpur Dehat. Three bags were given to each family, 3.87 kg average production/ bag
was recorded if taking production on spawn basis it was observed 22.17kg production / Kg of spawn.
Gross cost, Gross Return, Net return and B:C ratio were calculated as Rs. 3600, Rs. 18576, Rs. 14976
and 1:5.16 respectively. The fresh produce was available up to 67 days to the farmers while they
process their produce and made Achar, vadi, Dry mushroom, mushroom powder, and Mushroom
papad.

10.3.13 Assessment of Diversity in Regional Cropping

System and its Effect on Diversity in Dietary Intake of
Rural Families
Chandra Kala Yadav*, Arvind Kumar Singh and Nimisha Awasthi
Scientist (Home science)*, Coordinator, Scientist (Home science)
KVK Kannauj*, Directorate of Extension, KVK Aligarh
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Ag. & Tech, Kanpur (U.P.)
Email- chandrakalacsa@gmail.com

The cropping system of district Kannauj is based on potato, wheat, rice, onion, tomato, moong beans
and the crop sequence as: Maize-potato-Maize, Maize-potato-groundnut, Groundnut-potato-vegetables,
Rice-Wheat, Maize-mustard-wheat, etc. The other seasonal and indigenous crops also produce at
minimum. The regional crop production is directly affected to the food selection, habits and dietary
intake of their people. The diversity in diet is a key of complete wellness and healthy life. It is a system
in which all food categories included with their different variety in it in daily diet not in monotonous
form. Dietary diversity is a qualitative measure of food consumption and also a proxy for nutrient
adequacy of the diet of individuals. The cropping system of a rural Kannauj district had surveyed and
assessed. That reflects the dietary diversity of its population. 56 households (HHs) were randomly
selected from Rautamai village of district. To assess the desired information an approved questionnaire
was adopted in a longitudinal study to investigate the dietary intake and diversity. The common crops of
this region were found as: potato, maize/ corn, onion, tomato, peanuts, rice and wheat. It was found
that most of the HHs (73.83%) was used locally available regional crops in daily diet. The mean dietary
diversity score of individuals was 0.68 (<1) showed very poor performance. Maximum (83.66%) HHs
used potato daily as main vegetable in all schedule of a day. Only red gram and moong gram have been
frequently consumed by respondent’s family. Therefore it suggested to increasing diversity in regional
cropping system and thereby the diversity can possibly be added in daily diet of local population.
Keywords: Diversity, local crop, cropping system, households, indigenous, wellness
162 Book of Abstracts

10.3.14 Role of KVK Home Scienntist in Empowering

farm women in Mainpuri District
Dr. Akansha Chaudhary, Dr. V. R. Chaudhary and Dr. S. K. Pandey
K.V.K. Mainpuri C.S. Aazad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
Email: tocakanksha@gmail.com

Women empowerment in agriculture is not an easy task where all policies are still dominated by the false
view that farmers are men and women are only housewives. There is a conceptual inability to define
women’s work inside the house and outside the house. Generally, in rural areas, women perform 70 to
80 per cent of manual farm operations for crop production or livestock raising but being illiterate and
ignorant about new farm technologies, they have no access to new advances made in farm sector.
Therefore, for empowering women in agricultural sector, it is important that linkages should have been
made between technology generation, technology dissemination and technology receiving systems
otherwise women’s problem will continue to grow and work efficiency of women will show a declining
trend which by all means need to be safe guarded. Key Words : Empowering, farm women, Technologies,
Farm operations, Rural areas.

10.3.15 A Brief on Philatelic Education in Climate and

Global Environment in Connectivity with
Horticultural Diversity
Kalyan Chakraborti1 and Monanjali Bandyopadhyay2
1
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal
2
Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal
E-mail: drkalyanchakraborti@rediffmail.com
monanjali.bandyopadhyay@gmail.com

Philately is a unique approach to learn more about any country in the world. It provides a method
towards the connectivity by education and knowledge management and this role may not be denied in
the contemporary global environmental changes withal. Philately is the hobby of collecting and studying
postage and revenue stamp, first day cover, special cover, postal stationeries and souvenir. But it involves
more than just stamp collecting as it includes the study of relevant history withal. Where ever
communication takes place, it has definitely some content of knowledge. Such a content to be
communicated for understanding environmental features of a country also. It, therefore, may serve in a
role in the communication process and management aspect. Philately has highlighted country’s various
phenomenon including culture, heritage, biodiversity, agriculture, industry, various occasions and other
aspects of national life from time to time. Keeping these in view, an extensive philatelic survey on the
documents and items of world postage stamps on climate and crops has been carried out by content
analysis pertaining to the date of issues, their denominations, and their descriptions with special reference
to commemoratives, special and definitive stamps along with their brochures. The present work is the
brief account of the communication on global environmental changes depicted in world of philately
along with its horticultural diversity in the recent past.
Keywords: Climate resilient, global environmental change, horticultural diversity, philately
 Book of Abstracts 163

TECHNICAL SESSION-11
WORKSHOP ON DIGITAL HORTICULTURE FOR RESILIENCE TO
CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY

11.1 Keynote Presentation

11.1.1 Paradigms in Digital Horticulture-

Options and Opportunities
H.P. Singh, J.S. Parihar and Babita Singh
Confederation of Horticulture Associations of India
New Delhi
Email:hpsingh50@gmail.com

Exponential advancement in horticulture coupled with digitalization, use of censors, ICT, remote servicing
and robotics for different type of farming and horticulture business is becoming important referred to as
Digital Horticulture. In the digital horticulture digital images and censors are used and integrated, and
robotics and machine learning are adopted. Digital horticulture aims to improve industrial metrics such
as, yield, profit and sustainability and to transform the sector’s commodity trading, purchase of inputs,
and traceability of product. The technique used are Block Chain, IoT (Internet of things) and data
information platform. The Block Chain is a type of distributed ledger that is to be used to capture,
organize, and validate data in almost every aspect of Digital Horticulture, which needs IoT based data
collection. This also includes contract and certificates that can be executed. Blockchain makes complex
transaction quicker and cheaper to execute, which benefits the stakeholders. This also offers accurate
and early traceability of all the produce from the exact spot, where it was harvested to the retail outlet.
Accurate accountability becomes quick and easy and appropriate action take place. IoT (Internet of
Things) is the network of physical devices that collect, connect and exchange data. The devices measure
variability of parameters at multiple places for effectively managing the crop. The crop management is
tailored on information. Edge computing and machine learning capability are essential to improve data
from IoT devices. The secure data storage can safely accommodate the large amount of data which is
generated by the physical devices. A well architected Artificial Intelligence (AI) helps in achieving higher
yields while optimizing resources efficiency, hence enabling farm to be more sustainable, viable and
profitable. Next revolution of horticultural practices will be dominated by AI and human wisdom in
future. However, AI (Artificial Intelligence) has to be integrated with IA (Information Architecture).
Digital marketing, referred as online marketing is a promotion of brands to connect with potential
customers using the internet and other form of digital communication. This includes use of all the digital
platform. The digital marketing of horticultural activities could be a platform of content marketing,
search engine optimization (SEO) Search Engine marketing (SE) and social media marketing. There is a
growing interest on digital horticulture, using e-platform for information exchange and management,
not only for marketing but also for production system management and value chain management using
various types of data driven platform for decision making. Therefore, Digital horticulture provides a lot
of opportunities and also the challenges. The paper discusses the details.
Keyword: Digital Horticulture, AI, IA, blockchain, digital marketing, content marketing and resource
optimisation
164 Book of Abstracts

11.1.2 Current and Future Climate Suitability

prediction for Plantation Crops (Coconut and Arecanut)
Using Maxent and Adaptation Strategies for Sustainable
Production
K. B. Hebbar*and P. Abhin Sukumar
Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod,
671124, India.
Email :hebbar.kb@icar.gov.in; Telephone :04994-232894

Prediction of suitable climate for the cultivation of perennial plantation crops is essential for their sustainable
production under changing future climate. Coconut and arecanut are the two important plantation crops
grown in coastal and hilly regions and are highly vulnerable to climate change. In order to predict the
climate suitability of the current cultivation region under future climate, maxent model was employed
with two scenarios of Rcp 4.5 and Rcp 8.5 for the years 2050 and 2070. Amongst the variables, Bio 4
(temperature seasonality) for coconut and Bio 19 (precipitation of the coldest quarter) for arecanut is
the major environmental contributor for habitat suitability. Model projected results showed that the
contraction in suitable climate area size of coconut and arecanut might be small however there is shift in
area from high to moderate and low suitable in different regions. Southern interior regions where there
is extensive cultivation of coconut and arecanut which is at present high to moderate suitable may shift
to moderate to low suitable while some areas may become very low suitable. Similarly in north east,
Assam where arecanut is predominantly cultivated under current climate may become low suitable,
while suitability may shift to neighbouring Meghalaya and Tripura under future climate. This understanding
helps in devising appropriate policies for its cultivation in newer areas and to device adaptive strategies
in vulnerable regions so as to have sustainable cultivation and production under future climate.
Keywords: Coconut, Arecanut, Climate change, Maxent, Prediction

11.1.3 Integration of Horticulture and Engineering

for Climate Resilience and Sustainability
Development of Horticulture
Indermani Mishra
Head & PS, IARI, New Delhi
 Book of Abstracts 165

11.1.4 Geomatics Applications for Climate

Resilience in Horticulture
Jai Singh Parihar
Former- Dy. Director & Outstanding Scientist
Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad-380053
Email: jsparihar@yahoo.com

Geomatics comprising remote sensing, geographic information system, positioning system in association
with information and communication technology has emerged as powerful tool for integrated use of
variety of data. Satellite images of earth surface and observations of earth atmosphere provide regular
information about the earth resources and environment. Such information coupled with in-situ
observations have been found useful in survey, monitoring and management planning in many fields.
Agriculture particularly crop inventory and production forecasting received attention globally from the
beginning of multi-spectral imaging of earth from satellites in 1970’s. Indian space programme since its
inception has been focused towards harnessing societal benefits of technology. Fittingly first application
of remote sensing in the country began study of coconut root-wilt disease in Kerala 1960’s. Priority for
applications in agriculture continued and no. of studies were conducted under the Indian Remote Sensing
Satellite – Utilisation Programme (IRS-UP) launched in 1983. Among these crop production forecasting
targeted estimation of crop area using satellite images and production forecasting. Initial success resulted
in appreciation of user community and demand for developing a programme to cover most of the crops.
Accordingly Crop Acreage and Production Estimation (CAPE) project was developed to cover wheat,
rice, rabi-sorghum, rapeseed/mustard, groundnut, cotton and sugarcane crops. At the behest of Ministry
of Agriculture estimation of potato and onion were also included subsequently. The success of CAPE
resulted in need for regular and multiple in-season forecast of crop production, applications in horticulture
development and management planning etc. The Technology Mission on Integrated Development of
Horticulture in North-Eastern States including Sikkim, popularly known as technology mission led to
major development of geomatics applications in horticulture. Applications for crop area estimation and
production forecasting of horticulture crop, crop disease detection, site suitability analysis, planning for
post-harvest support infrastructure etc. have been addressed. The experience gained and expertise
developed is being harnessed in the programme “Coordinated Horticulture Assessment and Management
using geoiNformatics” (CHAMAN) project. The project being implemented by Mahalanobis National
Crop Forecast Centre (MNCFC) is meeting all the information needs from geomatics. With the expertise
developed and availability of open access and free of cost satellite data there are immense possibilities
for developing newer applications to meet the requirements of new normal. This paper provides a
glimpse of procedure development implementation and operationalization of geomatics applications in
the country.
166 Book of Abstracts

11.1.5 Engaging the Multi Stakeholders for Empowered

Human Resources at Grassroots to address Challenges
of Climate Change Sustainably
Binod Anand1 and OM Prakash
1
Advisor, Group Dhanuka and CEO(Hon) CHAI
2
Head of Bureau Agriculture, TV9 Digital

“In the universe are billions of galaxies, in our galaxy are billions of planets, but there is Only One Earth”.
In Stockholm again with this theme the globe is steering towards a new horizon post 5th June 2022".India
has emerged as a ray of hope in the global efforts to tackle the menace of climate change. The world
once used to see India as a challenge to climate change because of its huge population but now has
emerged as an opportunity and has become the leader of climate justice and is a big force against a
formidable crisis. India is moving ahead with a lofty global vision like the founding of International Solar
Alliance for realizing the vision of One Sun, One World, One Grid and the Coalition for Disaster Resilient
Infrastructure initiative and have stood up as the top 10 countries of the world in the Climate Change
Performance Index. Without empowered and engaged Human resources the dream to fulfill the targets
of COP 26 won’t be possible. We will be able to give a safe environment to our coming generations only
when all of us make a united effort to maintain the balance of water, air and land. *C%M5@ *B0M5@-
5 i.e., May the whole earth, the whole environment be most advantageous for all of us and give an
opportunity to our dreams. In the scenario, where the climate change is the reality attempted has to be
both for mitigation adaptation. Horticulture, which has emerged as prime mover of the economy with
diversity of crops and wider adaptably, is also affected by climate change increasing temperature strength
maturity and other variability has the impact on the various phenological process. Crops like coconut is
likely to benefit from the climate change due to increase concentration of CO2. Looking to the advantage
and disadvantage of the climate change with the preparedness we can convert these challenge into the
opportunity. Which requires drought tolerant cultivars, Product management system, effective
management and strategic value chain management which necessities the development of Human resource
having the skill of managing the climate change, the resilience and sustainability.
Keywords- Sustainability, Climate Justice, Targets of Cop26, Global efforts.
 Book of Abstracts 167

TECHNICAL SESSION-12
POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT ACCESS TO MARKET AND VALUE
CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF
HORTICULTURE CROPS

12.1 Keynote Presentation

12.1.2 Post Harvest Management for Sustainable

development of Horticulture
Neelima Garg
Principal Scientist and Incharge Director
Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow
neelimagargg@rediffmail.com

Competing pressures of meeting agricultural demand, sustaining livelihoods, and ensuring economic
development underline the importance of the need for systemic solutions that can maintain livelihoods,
food security and economic resilience. With the advancement in lifestyle of people, demand for high-
quality horticultural products is rising. Sustainable horticultural practices are necessary in order to
conserve natural resources, enhance our environment, provide economic opportunities, and meet our
nutritional needs. Balancing food preservation and safety requirements with sustainability goals is an
increasingly important objective for food producers, processors, distributors, and retailers. At each
stage of post-harvest handling (viz. cleaning, processing, packaging, transportation, storage, and marketing,
the produce or product has the threat of contamination or spoilage, both leading to postharvest losses
and food safety issues. A number of methods (Physical, chemical and microbiological)exist to mitigate
losses and improve food safety. Cold storage, refrigerated transport, pasteurization, and specific handling,
processing, and packaging protocols reduce the transmission of pathogens. Increased understanding of
respiration physiology or artificial ripening protocols has proven useful in extending shelf life of fresh
produce. For sustainability, processed products are highly required commodities as these raise the
overall value of the product. Sustainable postharvest management practices pursue the goals of minimizing
losses and contamination in ways that increase efficiency and limit the use of energy and nonrenewable
resources.
Fresh fruits and vegetables (F&V) are important part of human diet. India is the second largest producer
of fruits and vegetables accounting for 97358 thousand MT and 184394 thousand MT respectively
(Horticulture Statistics at a Glance 2017-18). Despite being one of the leading country in production of
horticulture commodities, huge post Harvest losses to the tune of 25 – 30 per cent losses occur due to
improper handling and storage. The losses also occur because of poor facilities, lack of know how, poor
management and market dysfunction. Proper storage condition, temperature and humidity are required
to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality. The extent of processing in the country is less than 10
per cent which needs to be increased in the near future. The major processed items in this segment are
fruit pulps and juices, fruit based ready-to-serve beverages, canned fruits and vegetables, jams, squashes,
pickles, chutneys and dehydrated vegetables. The new arrivals in this segment are vegetable curries in
retortable pouches, canned mushroom and mushroom products, dried fruits and vegetables and fruit
juice concentrates. These industries generate voluminous quantities of waste. These horticultural wastes/
rejections are rich source of nutrients and may be used as raw material for getting a number of value
168 Book of Abstracts

added products. In economic terms these losses may work out to be more than Rs. 5000 crores. These
waste can serve as raw material for a variety of value added products thus reducing pollution, generating
employment and increasing profitability.

12.1.2 Branding, Labelling and Certification for

Maximising Profits in Horticulture Produce
Babita Singh and Dr. Madhuri Nanda
Rainforest Alliance, India
drbabita9@gmail.com

Horticultural crops in India form a significant part of total agriculture. production in the country and
contribute to about 34 per cent of the agricultural GDP. According to the first advanced estimate for the
year 2021-22, the production will be a record 333.25 million tonnes from an estimated area of 27.56
million ha. Though the production is continuously increasing, post-harvest losses are the major issue.
Therefore, there is a need for effective value chain management, including infrastructure development
at the farm level. This will ensure that losses can be reduced and quality produce be generated, which
will contribute to higher exports from horticulture, thereby adding money to the farmer’s pocket. India,
with its diverse climate, harvests various types of horticultural produce round the year and therefore can
take advantage of this exclusivity and supply quality produce throughout the world. For obtaining a
premium price for the produce and generate increased demand in domestic and international markets -
branding, labelling and certification is key.
Branding helps identify a business, product, or service as unique and different from its competitors. A
effective branding strategy is not only visually appealing, but also establishes consumer recognition of
the brand’s meaning. Products and services, that are labelled or certified provide specific, condensed
information about the quality aspects, usually through a symbol or logo. This makes the products
produced under certain protocols stand out to other stakeholders in the supply chain, including producers
and consumers. Thus, labelling and certification of products and services that meet certain standards
can be utilised as a strategy for achieving sustainable development. This paper will discuss a case study
of Rainforest Alliance (RA) Certification, which has played a significant role in driving sustainable
supply chains in both production and consumption. The certification process of RA help farmers produce
better crops, adapt to climate change, increase their productivity, and reduce costs.
Keywords: Horticulture, supply chain, value chain, branding, labelling, certification

12.1.3 Linking Farmers with Markets for Enhanced

Horticulture Productivity and Food Safety
Anjani Kumar
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi
Email: anjani.kumar@cgiar.org

The food system in India has been undergoing a paradigm shift, and one of the most visible market
phenomena in India is the emergence of an integrated food supply chain. This paradigm change is
 Book of Abstracts 169

attributed to the country’s increasing income, growing urbanization, expanding female employment, and
gradual integration with the global economy. These developments, in addition to food security goals,
have led the dietary transition from food grains to high-value commodities such as fruits, vegetables,
livestock, marine, and processed products. However, this dietary transition has put additional pressure
on supply chain integration. In this context, contract farming (CF) has emerged as one of the most
viable instruments to facilitate integration between farmers and markets. In contract farming, agribusiness
firms’ contract with external farmers to receive goods at a fixed price with the certainty of delivery of
a specified quality and quantity at a specified time. Rather than owning farms themselves, the firms rely
on these smallholders to produce and provide their goods.
In this backdrop, this paper attempts to quantify the benefits of contract farming (CF) on farmers’
income and compliance with food safety measures, It also investigates the determinants of participation
in CF. The study is based on a survey of farmers engaged in cultivation of baby corn, onion, okra and
pomegranate cultivation. The study, using 2-Stage Least Squares method and propensity score matching
approach, reveals that CF ensures significant higher returns for smallholders and improves the compliance
with food safety measures substantially. Access to institutional credit, extension services, farm size,
personal ownership of transport and migration significantly affected farmers’ participation in CF. The
empirical evidence of the benefits of CF for high-value export commodities should encourage government
policies to promote and scale up the use of CF in India.

12.1.4 Prospects of Post Harvest Management,

Value-addition and Waste utilization in Citrus Fruits
Dinesh Kumar1, M. S. Ladaniya2, Manju Gurjar3 and Sunil Kumar4
Principal Scientist1, Ex- Director2, Junior Research Fellow 3 and Asstt. Chief Technical Officer4
1, 2 , 3, 4
ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440010, Maharashtra, India
Email- dineshscn@gmail.com

Citrus fruits are grown all around the world in tropics and subtropics regions. In India, the estimated
total production increased to about 13.976 ‘000 MT in 2019-20 from 7.45 ‘000 MT in 2010-11.
Approximately 15-20% of this production is destined to the juice processing industry and about 80%–
85% of the total production is destined for the fresh market either local or international. In this scenario,
for the fresh fruit market; the quality and appearance of the rind, absence of damage or deteriorations
are the essential attributes for the market and consumer’s acceptance. Although the production of citrus
has increased when compared with the statistics, the overall profitability of the industry has been limited
by high postharvest losses (25-30%) due to the lack and/or use of proper postharvest handling system
of fresh fruit. Postharvest technology encompasses a number of techniques, processes, and treatments
related to handling, processing, storage, transport, etc. of the fruit, aimed to prepare them for market
requirements, to extend their commercial life, and to reduce the losses during the whole chain, from
harvest to the consumer table. Post-harvest treatments such as curing, washing, wax coating with
fungicide, eco-friendly coatings, plant extracts, biocontrol agents, GRAS compounds, etc. along with
packaging containers like CFB box, LDPE-HDPE packaging, nano-packaging, shrink wrap packaging
material have been developed, trialed and has proved successful to minimize the post-harvest losses and
also in maintaining the quality of citrus fruits for long term storage. The experiment was conducted with
an aim to study the effectiveness of new postharvest fungicides viz. azoxystrobin and propiconazole
alone and along with edible coatings viz. shellac and stayfresh in quality retention and extension of shelf-
life of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruits under ambient storage conditions. Maximum
170 Book of Abstracts

juice recovery (42.52%), total soluble solids (13.10° Brix), vitamin C (21.99mg/100ml) was recorded in
shellac coated fruits. The coated fruits also recorded minimum physiological loss in weight of 14.98%
and minimum rate of spoilage of 3.17% in comparison to the control fruits. The results revealed that
shellac formulations can prove an eco-friendly, cost effective and non-hazardous technology effective
in storage and transport of fresh fruit from its cultivation site to distant markets and ultimately to
consumers. While, many challenges in the area of postharvest are still to be tackled, the current state of
postharvest losses can be minimized by application of the principles of postharvest management. The
purity of pectin isolated from Kachai lemon was confirmed by analyzing physico-chemical properties
like anhydrouronic acid, degree of esterification, equivalent weight and methoxyl content. The isolated
pectin contained methoxyl content 7.25%, degree of esterification 59.60% and jelly grade 160. The oil
recovery was 0.043% by cold press method and 0.59% by hydro distillation method. Khasi mandarin
cold pressed and hydro distilled oil were also characterize using GC-MS. Citrus peels can be explored in
commercial production of pectin and oil alongside with other citrus sources and has potential industrial
applications for use in manufacture of different value added products. By understanding and using the
developed technologies, there is need to create public awareness on the importance of citrus fruit which
will help to improve the profitability of citrus industry.

12.1.5 Post-harvest Management of Sub-tropical Fruits

Neeru Dubey
Associate Vice President, Ernst and Young Private Limited
Elante Offices, 6th Floor, Chandigarh
Email: Neeru.dueby@in.ey.com, Mobile: 9891078954

Horticulture sector plays a very important role in maintaining nutritional security of the country’s population,
as these crops are rich source of carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers, and many vital
components. Farmers with the help of horticultural scientists and government have played vital role in
enhancing production of horticultural crops and taking it to 331 million metric tons in 2021-22 showing
an increase of 3.35 from 2019-20 of which fruits contribute 102 million metric tonnes. (Indian Horticulture
statistics, National Horticulture Board, 2021). Sub-tropical fruits contribute a major share to the country’s
fruit basket but is still lacking in on-farm implementation of scientific technology and post-harvest
infrastructure facilities. The major fruits in this category are Mango (Mangifera Indica), Litchi (Litchi
chinensis), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Guava (Psidium guajava), Jamun (Syzygium cumini),
Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica), Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana, Bael (Aegle marmelous) etc. Post-harvest
management of these fruits is critical to maintain quality, enhance post-harvest life, reduce post-harvest
losses, increase farmers income, generate employment, create ancillary industries and enhanced
entrepreneurship opportunities for rural and semi-urban youth thereby also facilitating in preventing
migration to big cities. Maintenance of end to end supply chain from harvest to consumer will serve a
long way in realizing these objectives and will entail the establishment of produce specific post-harvest
infrastructure including pre cooling units, pack houses, cold storage, ripening chamber, refrigerated
transportation and retail management.
 Book of Abstracts 171

12.1.6 Sustainable Development of Horticulture through

Beekeeping in Varied Climatic Conditions
N.K. Patle
Additional Commissioner (Horti.) & Executive Director (NBB), Dr. Pooja Singh Consultant (NBB),
Dileep Tiwari, Consultant (NBB)
Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (DA&FW), Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,
Govt. of India
Email: nationalbeeboard.2006@gmail.com

Climatic conditions plays important role in beekeeping in terms of health of bees, hive temperature,
availability of flora, foraging performance, production of honey & other beehive products, etc. Based on
these factors, it is advisable to select suitable species of bees, type of beehive, location of apiary, etc
according to weather conditions of particular region/ area. Bees are subjected to numerous biotic and
abiotic stresses (e.g. loss of food resources, exposure to various chemicals, invasive species, pest &
diseases, etc.) and the impact of climate change on honeybees requires further attention. Honeybees
have a strong temperature tolerance and have adapted to live in many parts of the world where there are
extreme temperatures. In India, honeybees in temperate climates, such as European honeybees, store
larger amounts of honey than other subspecies, as they need to maintain a certain temperature inside the
nest to survive during winter. Further, National Bee Board (NBB), Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers
Welfare, Govt. is implementing a central sector scheme entitled National Beekeeping & Honey Mission
(NBHM) under Aatamnirbhar Bharat Announcement to achieve the goal of Sweet Revolution in the
country and doubling the farmer’s income. The scheme NBHM covers almost all aspects relating to
beekeeping, including R&D on climate resilient and sustainable development of beekeeping. ICAR has
also developed technologies and strategies for beekeepers to adapt with climate change and possibly
contribute to mitigate climate conditions, including the design of beehives, color of bee boxes, equipments,
technologies and management protocols.

12.1.7 Innovations in Coconut Production System:

Role of Kalpa® Agri-Business Incubator
K. Muralidharan
Head, Social Sciences Division, ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod
Email:kmurali.cpcri@gmail.com

To catalyze agribusiness and promote entrepreneurship, under National Agricultural Innovation Project,
ICAR established Agribusiness Incubation Centers (NIABI). The Kalpa® Agri-Business Centre at ICAR-
CPCRI, Kasaragod was established in 2013. The main activities of the Centre include conducting structured
and formal entrepreneurship programmes, technology backstopping, financial guidance and technical
consultancy. It extends facilities for the production of virgin coconut oil, desiccated coconut, coconut
chips, coconut sugar, vegan coconut frozen delicacy, Kalpa Krunch, bean to bar chocolate and activated
carbon to its incubatees. Besides in-house incubation, on-site incubation services such as production of
organic inputs, arecanut tissue culture, and value added products are provided to over 50 licensees of
the Institute technologies. The DPR of institute technologies are readily made available and marketing
support and promotion of products are made through participation in exhibitions and bringing out publicity
172 Book of Abstracts

literature. The technology awareness programmes and entrepreneurship development programmes

conducted by the ABI proved to be beneficial for many farmer groups to start their own input production
units. This has escalating advantages in the production system in terms of reduced cost of production,
ready access to inputs, and providing rural employment. Thereby it supports to create a perfect ecosystem
for ‘Atmanirbar Krishi’. The scope of ABI had further expanded with the government’s policy initiatives
in agriculture sector especially in food processing and creation of 10000 Farmer Producer Organisations.
Towards promoting and motivating entrepreneurship in rural sector, the ABI is conducting several
unique programmes such as Rural India Business Conclave, Agri-Tech Hackathon, Dream Big Kalpa
Interface, and Kalpa Green Chat in association with other stakeholders such as Kerala Startup Mission,
ABI network, and Commodity Boards. Through its proactive functioning and efficient networking, the
Kalpa Agribusiness Centre, so far has assumed an important role in refining the innovation system in
coconut sector.

12.1.8 Recent Advances in Post-harvest

Management of Mangos
Sunil Pareek
Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food technology Entrepre-
neurship and Management (NIFTEM), Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana, India 131028
Email: sunil_ciah@yahoo.co.in

Mango is the third most important fruit in the tropics due to its nutritional properties and delicious
flavour. The fruit is exceptionally perishable due to its climacteric nature, which decreases the quality
and shelf life. The fruit is susceptible to various post-harvest diseases such as anthracnose and physiological
disorders, including chilling injury, spongy tissue and lenticel spot. Unfortunately, these individual problems
or their combination may result in post-harvest losses as well as the loss of revenue for the producers
and everyone involved in the post-harvest value chain. A significant proportion of losses of mango occur
during storage and transportation as a result of poor handling and improper facilities. Preserving fruit
quality and preventing losses during post-harvest is one of the critical solutions in sustaining human
dietary demands. Post-harvest treatments such as 1-Methylcyclopropene, nitric oxide, edible coatings,
hot water treatment, hot air treatment, UV-C radiation, ionizing radiation, and vapour heat treatments
have shown to be effective in preserving fruit quality. However, developing environmental-friendly post-
harvest technologies that ensure the safety of consumers remains a challenge. Gaseous ozone, controlled
atmosphere (CA), Dynamic-CA technology, and pulsed electric field (PEF) are some of the emerging
technologies with great potential for the mango fruit industry. The use of such technologies has been
demonstrated to be effective in maintaining the sensory, nutritional, and physicochemical quality of the
mango fruit. However, the mode of action of the emerging technologies is not yet understood. This
paper provides of an overview of various postharvest techniques used to preserve mango fruit quality.
The potential of the emerging postharvest technologies to maintain mango fruit quality during storage
and shelf-life is also discussed.
 Book of Abstracts 173

12.2 Oral Presentation

12.2.1 A Study on Organoleptic and Biochemical

Evaluation of Mango-Papaya-Ginger Based RTS
Beverage
SetuKumar1, Rashmi Singh2, H. G. Prakash3 and Pooja Singh4
Department of Food and Nutrition1,2,4 Department of Biochemistry3
C.S.Azad University of Agriculture &Technology, ,Kanpur, U.P.

India is the second-largest producer of fruits in the world. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
declared year 2021 as the international year of fruits & vegetables to reduce the loss and increase the
awareness about the importance of fruits and vegetables.
Mango (Mangiferaindica) is the most important fruit of India as well as the world which has unique
popularity among all fruits, due to its peculiar taste, aroma and considerable amount of nutritional profile
as carbohydrates, protein, fiber, vitamin-A, B1, C. It has got the status of “King of Fruits” due to their
prodigious characteristic it also has a great opportunity in the processing sector. Papaya is the third
important fruit after mango and banana that is distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas of countries.
papaya is an inexpensive fruit and easily available in all parts of the country round the year. Ginger
(Zingiberofficinale) is a herbaceous perennial aromatic plant which has been mostly used as a spice and
as herbal medicine from ancient times It is a rich source of various types of biochemical compounds
such as phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, organic acids, fiber and lipids. These compounds have
antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, value addition of fruits can reduce
post-harvest losses during peak period.
The present study was conducted with the objective to develop Mango(M)-Papaya(P)-Ginger(G) based
Ready To Serve (RTS) beverage. The juice(J) and pulp(P) of experimental fruits were blended in six
different combinations T0,Control-(100% MP), T1(90%MP+5%PP+5%GJ), T2 (80% MP +10% PP
+10% GJ), T3 (70% MP +15% PP +15% GJ), T4 (60% MP +20% PP +20% GJ), T5 (50% MP +25% PP
+25% GJ). All the treatments were standardised as 10% blend juice, 10oBrix and 0.3% acidity. The Total
Soluble Solids(TSS) acidity present in different blend combinations were determined through hand
refractometer and titration method respectively. Organoleptic evaluation of the RTS was conducted by
using nine point hedonic scale.
The score of overall acceptability, flavour and appearance was recorded highest in T1 followed by
control (T0) but in colour and texture highest value was recorded in T0 followed by T1. Maximum value
of ascorbic acid content was observed in T5 (5.7mg/100ml) and minimum in T0 (1.6mg/100ml).
Keywords: Mango, Papaya, Ready To Serve(RTS), Organoleptic evaluation
174 Book of Abstracts

12.2.2 Backward and Forward Linkages Developed by

Farmer Producer Organizations in Lakhimpur-Kheri
Sanjay Singh1, Nagendra Kumar Tripathi2, Pradeep Kumar Bisen3, Mohd Suhail4,
Jiya Lal Gupta5 and Santosh Kumar Vishwakarma6.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-I, Lakhimpur-Kheri
Chandra Sekhar Azad University of Agriculture& Technology, Kanpur (UP)

An attempt was made to find out the forward and backward linkages developed by farmer organisations
especially for Banana, Sugarcane and vegetable production and marketing. Based on maximum number
of farmer producer organizations (FPOs), Lakhimpur-Kheri district from northern Uttar Pradesh was
purposively selected. Five blocks i.e., Sadar, Kumbhi Gola, Metauli, Muhammadi and Isanagar. There
are total Five FPOs engaged in production and marketing of Banana, Sugarcane and vegetables were
selected. From each selected block, twenty per cent respondents were randomly selected, constituting
a total sample size of 375 respondents and asked to indicate their response regarding source of assistance
for getting finance, procuring inputs, seed production, post-harvest, value addition etc. These functional
relationships with other stakeholders were considered as linkage under the study. The responses were
recorded using percentage. The results of study revealed that member farmers had developed backward
linkages with SAUs, Government Organization and KVKs scientists for technical guidance, and with
cooperative Societies for getting loans. FPO members had developed forward linkages with Mandi
Parishad, Marketing Board and Sugarcane Industries for marketing whereas, linkages with private sector
were developed for Insecticides, pesticides, Seed, Storage of Crop, processing and their value addition.
The findings revealed that small and marginal farmers can have strong forward and backward linkages
with both private and public sectors that can lead to their overall economic development.
Keywords: FPO, Linkages, Vegetables, Sugarcane, Banana.

12.2.3 Economics of Penconazale I.I% + Mancozeb 50%

DF Formulate Fungicides Against Powdery Mildew and
Anthracnose Disease in Mango
Mohd. Shamim, R.A. Yadav, V.K. Yadav and M.Z. Zafar siddiqui
Directorate of Research
Chandara Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture &Technology Kanpur

The experiment was conducted for valuation of bio-efficacy of Penconazale I.I% + Mancozeb 50% DF
formulate fungicides again powdery mildew and anthraconose disease of mango at horticulture nursery
during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20. The formulated fungicides and different concentration viz; Penconazale
I.I% + Mancozeb 50% DF @ 20, 30 and 40 g/ 10 lit. of water along with Penconazale I0% EC @ 5ml/
10 lit water, corbandism 12% +Mancozeb 63% WP @ 15g/10lit. of water, Mancozeb 75% WP @20g/
10lit. of water and untreated control. The treatments were randomly located in 3 times. The mango yield
was recorded in experimental trees ranged from 84.98-17.45 kg/tree significantly higher yield was
recorded in Penconazale I.I% + Mancozeb 50% DF @ 40g/10lit.of water (117.45k/tree) followed by
Penconazale I.I% + Mancozeb 50% DF @30g/10 lit. of water (108.70kg/tree). Among market checks
 Book of Abstracts 175

the highest mean yield was observed in Penconazale 10% EC @5l/10 lit. o water (106.76kg/tree) during
both the season followed by corbondism 12% + Mancozeb 63 % WP @15g/10lit. of water (99.36kg/
tree). The untreated control (84.98kg/tree) recorded least yield than all the other treatments. The
Penconazale I.I% + Mancozeb 50% DF @ all the doses where given better net return and pr rupee
investment. The highest cost benefit ratio was observed in Penconazale I.I% + Mancozeb 50% DF @
30g/10lit. of water (1:1.52 during first season 1:1.92 during second season) followed Penconazale I.I%
+ Mancozeb 50% DF @ 40g/10lit. of water. Among the standard check highest cost benefit ratio was
observed in Penconazale 10% EC @ 5ml/10lit. of Water (1:1.40) during first season and (1:1.78) during
second season. Form the above study it is clear that Penconazale I.I% + Mancozeb 50% DF at all the
doses given effectively control against all the disease available in the field along with significant increase
in yield as well as net income and cost benefit ration
Keyword: Mango, fungicides, disease.

12.2.4 Sun Dried Oyster Mushrooms for Food

Fortification to Enhance Its Consumption in Rural
Community
Chandra Kala Yadav*, Arvind Kumar and Sushil Yadav
Scientist (Home science), KVK Kannauj, Coordinator, DOE, Scientist (Agril. Extension)
KVK Farukhabad
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Ag. & Tech., Kanpur (U.P.)
Mob. 97932 95777, Email- chandrakalacsa@gmail.com

As the WHO (2016) exposed for malnutrition status in Indian population that 44 % children (<5 years)
are underweight and have protein deficiency. Oyster Mushroom (consumable) is one of the indigenous
food ingredient, rich in good quality protein and other immunity boosting nutrients. Recently its cultivation
has increases in India, due to great agricultural efforts. In case of oyster mushrooms India becomes
third largest producer on worldwide. Research studies are reported the poor consumption of mushrooms
have been in practice especially among the rural population of India. The causes behind this poor eating
practice are ignorance about its product development and utilization in fortification and so on.
The selected rural women of Kannauj distract were trained under the training programme, regarding sun
drying of oyster mushroom and its incorporation in different prevalent starchy food products. The pre-
post research design was adopted to investigate the impact of training on consumption practices of
oyster mushroom. It was recorded in present investigation that 89.67% rural women were unknown to
products formed by oyster mushroom. The post test scores on consumption practices had increased
significantly. Therefore it is a prime need to aware and trained the people to utilize this nutritious food in
their daily dietary consumption to achieving good health of population.
Keywords: Oyster mushroom, consumption pattern, training programme, malnutrition, fortification.
176 Book of Abstracts

12.2.5 Modified Food Products of Underutilized

Vegetables Towards Nutrition Security
Pragya Mishra, Seema Sonkar, Suman Devi, and H. G. Prakash
Centre for Advanced Agricultural Science & Technology on Nutritional Crops
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kanpur
Email: pragyavasumishra@gmail.com

In India, most of the most of the vegetables are available as weeds in the crop fields with higher
nutritional value but are not fully utilised. To see the prevalence of high level of micronutrient, to
overcome malnutrition in different vulnerable sections and nutritional disorders. Green leafy vegetables
(GLVs) are rich sources of micronutrients such as iron, calcium, vitamin, protein, fiber, antioxidant,
beta carotene, flavonoids and minerals to nourish the human population and help to attain nutrition
security. It is described as poor man’s vegetables. Although they can be raised at lower management
costs even on poor marginal lands, they have remained underutilized due to lack of awareness and
popularization of technologies for utilisation. It is essential that the locally available green leafy vegetables
which are less expensive and easy to cook, be used in the diets to eradicate micronutrient malnutrition.
Green leafy vegetables are used in different ways such as powder, puree, soup etc and make it to be
used in the formulation of modified foods (Pasta, Meggi, biscuits) with high nutritional or biological
values and sustainable, culturally acceptable, rational applicable, feasible, cost effective and suitable
approach to attain nutrition security and combat to nutritional deficiency.
Keywords: Green leafy vegetables, Nutritional security, modified food, antioxidants

12.2.6 Doubling the Income of Farmer Through Post

Harvest Management and Value Addition of
Horticultural Produces
K. M. Karetha
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University
Junagadh-362 001 (Gujarat), India.
*Email: kmkaretha@jau.in

India is the second largest producer of the fruits and vegetables in the world after China. Nothing good
this for us! because there is 25 to 40% post harvest loss of our total horticulture produces due to lack
of post harvest facilities. Not more than 2% processing is done of our total horticulture commodities.
Our horticulture export share in the global market is less than 1%; much lesser than small countries. Due
to these, our farmers facing problems for generation of income. But there is one hope ray for enhancing
the more than doubling income of farmers through post harvest management and value addition of
horticulture produces. Post harvest technology and processing have potentiality to create rural industries.
We can minimize the post harvest loss and increase the shelf life of fresh as well as processed products
of horticulture through post harvest management and value addition. Operations after harvesting like
trimming, curing, sorting, washing, grading, chemical treatment, packaging, storage, transportation and
marketing are very useful for enhancing quality of fresh as well canned products. We can prepare and
preserve so many value added products like jam, jelly, candy, preserve, squash, syrup, cordial, RTS,
 Book of Abstracts 177

ketch-up, sauce, chutney, nectar, pickle, marmalade etc. through canning, bottling, freezing, dehydration,
drying and ionization methods. There is no limit for enhancing the income through post harvest
management and value addition in horticultural industries. Today we know that there is no need of more
production, but there is a need of value addition of our farm produce. At present the price of one kg lime
is Rs.5.00 only. but we can earn Rs. 500 from one kg lime by making different value added product like
lime syrup(from lime juice-Rs150), lime pickle or chutney from lime fruit peel after extraction of juice(Rs.
100), lime seedlings from lime seed 30-40(Rs. 300-400). There are so many examples of this type of
value addition of horticultural as well as other farm produce. So, there is no need for waiting five years
for doubling the income, we can earn more than doubling income in one season or in one year through
post harvest management, processing and preservation of different value-added products from fresh
horticultural produces.
Keywords: Doubling Income, Post Harvest Management, processing, value added products.

12.2.7 Value Addition in Edible Palmyra palm Products

Towards Commercialization
Ivi Chakrabortya*, Pinky Maitya, Dombewarisa S. Maraka and Arvind Chaurasiyab
a
Department of Post Harvest Management, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, PIN-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
b
Department of Horticulture, North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Tura Campus, Tura, Meghalaya,
794002, India
*Email: ivcpht@gmail.com

The Palmyra is a tropical palm tree that grows indigenously in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, The Philippines,
Indonesia and many parts of East Africa. It is widely available in the Tamil Nadu, a south Indian state
where it was proclaimed as the ‘state tree’ in 1978, although it is also cultivated throughout India in
Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Bengal, Bihar and along the entire west coast. It is easily cultivated and
also found to grow wild. India stands first in the world in terms of its wealth of Palmyra palms with a
population estimated to approximately 122 million trees. Palmyra palm has great economic potential and
every part of the palm is useful in one way or the other. Palmyra is also known as toddy palm and sugar
palm. The edible palm products such as Neera, Jaggery, Palm Sugar, Palm Candy, Palm toffee/ Chocolate,
Nungu, Fruit, tuber etc. are rich in vitamin and minerals, dietary fibre and antioxidants, but products are
not commercialised due to several reasons. The present work is intended to highlight the probable
strategies to enhance the potentialities of this easy growing wild palm to encourage Entrepreneurship
and also to generate rural income.

12.2.8 Nutrient Analysis and Acceptability of the

Fruits Ladoo
Ritu Singh and Dr. P K Gupta
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (NHRDF), Ujwa, New Delhi-110073
Email: kvkujwa@yahoo.com

As per the NFHS – 5 it is estimated that a 17 % of children under the age of 5 years are stunted due to
chronic under nutrition and 66% women under the age group of 15-49 years are anemic in rural Delhi
178 Book of Abstracts

Micronutrient malnutrition is indeed affecting around 20% with serious public health consequences.
The operational area of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, New Delhi covers rural and peri- urban area of NCT
Delhi. NCT Delhi is a part of Indo-Gangetic plains that falls under semi-arid climatic zone with the
annual average rainfall of 730 mm. Most of the arable area comes under irrigated condition. Unfortunately,
available groundwater of the major area is of saline in nature. Therefore, the limited crops are grown in
the area. There are some underutilized fruits and vegetables which can be grow on saline tolerant land
like beetroot, ber and aonla are known as healthiest fruits and vegetables. These are rich in vitamins A
and C beetroots have more iron than any other vegetable, including spinach. Beetroot helps in treating
anemia, indigestion, constipation, gall bladder disorders, cancer, heart disease, piles and kidney disorders.
Aonla fruit is highly valued among indigenous medicines. These indigenous foods neglected and derided
by many in the agriculture and food industries as well as by urban consumers, can be an important
component in alleviating hunger, malnutrition and protecting the environment. In view of on farm trial
on usage of beetroot, aonla and ber is planned to use these in processed and preserved form.The On
farm trial was conducted in the South West district of Delhi during rabi season of 2017-18, 2018-19 and
2019-20 among 30 farm women. The trial was laid with two treatments with an objective to prepare
ladoo with addition of beet root and ber to aonla and to study its acceptability and nutritive value among
farm women. The developed ladoo were sensory evaluated using nine point hedonic scale. The
micronutrient in these ladoo such as like Iron, vitamin C and Beta carotene were calculated. Results
showed that ladoo prepared with beet root, aonla and ber was highly acceptable as scored (8.0±0.09)
whereas already established practice was least acceptable as scored (5.5±0.03). The nutrient analysis
showed highest Iron, Vitamin c and beta carotene were observed in ber, beet root aonla ladoo sample i.e.
2.34%, 51.3%and 10.14% respectively. Addition of beet root, ber and aonla increased the iron, beta
carotene and vitamin C contents proportionately to the level of substitution. Aonla, beet root and ber
ladoo - was found most acceptable and was much appreciated when compared with aonla laddoo
among farm women.

12.2.9 Effect of Poly-amines on Biochemical Parameters

of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Kesar
A.M. Butani1, D.K. Varu2 and Mital Vaghasiya3
Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362001 (Gujarat)E 1 Assistant
professor mail: ambutani@jau.in 2, Principal
Email: dkvaru@jau.in 3, Research Associate,

An experiment was conducted at P.G. laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural

University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during the year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the biochemical
parameters of mango cv. Kesar. The treatment comprised with seven treatments. The experiment was
designed in Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with three replication. The effect of polyamides was
found significant on biochemical characters in all years as well as in pooled results. The better response
for different biochemical parameters like TSS (0Brix), reducing sugar (%), total sugar (%), non reducing
sugar (%), ascorbic acid (mg/100g) and acidity (%) was recorded with fruit treated with T5 175 ppm
Putrescinedihydrochloridefor 5 minute for increasing shelf life and quality up to 12 days’ storage at
room temperature.
Keywords: Polyamides, Mango fruit and biochemical
 Book of Abstracts 179

12.2.10 Sweet Lime & Orange Peel: A Source of

Mosquito Repellent Finish
Archana Singh1& Apoorva Gupta2
1-Assoc. Prof., Corresponding Author, Dept. of Textiles & Clothing, CSAUA&T, Kanpur
Email: arc.aptcl@gmail.com
2-Ph.D Scholar, Dept.of Textiles & Clothing, M.P.U.A & T, Udaipur

Finishing of cotton fabric with fruit peels give it special functional properties that ensure our-safety
from mosquito borne diseases. Anti-mosquito repellent textiles with improved functionality find a variety
of applications such as health and hygiene products. Organic mosquito repellents may be one of the
most effective tools for protecting human from vector borne diseases such as malaria , dengue fever,
chickengunia and filariasis .These repellents are eco-friendly, biodegradable, low cost and can be used
with minimum care. The investigation was carried out to optimise the process of organic mosquito
repellent finish with peels of sweet lime and orange . Optimisation of variables viz; concentration of
organic mosquito repellent, finishing temperature and finishing time was done on the basis of optical
density measured through spectrophotometer.Cotton samples were then finished with optimised process
and mordanted. Wash durability of finished samples, mordanted with different concentration of citric
acid for different time were checked upto 5 to 10 launderings.Finished and mordanted samples were
tested for mosquito repellency in mosquito cage box. Finished cotton samples were also evaluated for
fabric stiffness, tensile strength, crease recovery and drape co-efficient. Cotton fabric finished with
orange fruit peel extract showed better mosquito repellent efficiency than sweet lime fruit peel. This peel
extract protects the human beings from the bite of mosquito and there by promising safety from mosquito
vector diseases when applied on cotton fabric. Thus it can be successfully utilised in apparel, mosquito
net, window curtain and other home furnishings.

12.2.11 Under Exploited Vegetable Crops: Rich Sources

of Various Vitamins and Minerals in Human Nutrition
Pranjal Singh1, D.P. Singh*2, R.P. Singh3, Rajiv4 and Mohammad Shamim5
1,2,4
Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology
Kanpur 3Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Raebareli 5Directorate of Research
C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur
Email: dpsingh@csauk.ac.in

Vegetables are the major component of balanced human diet and also the main drivers in achieving global
nutritional security by providing nutrients, This spectacular growth in vegetable production has increased
and this was possible due to development of improved varieties, production and protection technologies
through systematic research coupled with large scale adoption by the farmers. However, this tremendous
production was contributed by only few major vegetables. Although, diverse agro climatic conditions of
India permit to grow more than 60 cultivated and about 30 lesser known vegetable crops, not much
attention has been given on underutilized vegetables known. The vegetable crops which are neither
grown commercially on large scale nor traded widely may be termed as underutilized vegetable crops
vitamins and minerals. The underexploited vegetables play an important part of food and nutrition of
180 Book of Abstracts

local, tribal population. Since ancient time, they are used as medicinal, therapeutic and nutritional purpose.
They are rich in various nutritive components, which can compensate for the dietary deficiencies of
vitamins and minerals necessary for human diet. There are reports that indigenous vegetables (IVs) like
Yam, beans, Colocasia, Moringa, Alocasia, Xanthosoma, Sword bean, Dolichos spp., Luffa spp.,
Amorphophallus, Cucurbits, leafy vegetables and numerous others are known to be good source of
micronutrients, and also high in antioxidants and anti-microbial phytochemicals. Thus, these vegetables
are not underutilized but undervalued due to limited information on their nutritional, anti-nutritional and
nutraceuticals aspects etc. Efforts on conservation, utilization of underexploited vegetables and their
popularization will bring immense prosperity among the growers. Since, the under exploited vegetable
crops have a long history of consumption, the local people are aware about their nutritional and medicinal
properties.
Keywords: Vegetables, underexploited, vitamins and minerals.

12.2.12 Compositions of Anthocyanin’s in Different

Gladiolus Varieties
Ganesh B Kadam#, K.V. Prasad, Shabeer T. P.*, T N saha, and P. Naveen Kumar
ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, Maharashtra
*ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune
Email: ganeshiari@gmail.com

In present investigation of identification of anthocyanin pigments in gladiolus ten cultivars of were

selected and HPLC analysis was carried out. In HPLC analysis 6 major anthocyanin peaks were identified.
Chromatographic peaks were surveyed for 10 cultivars by HPLC analysis. Among these major six
pigments were recorded in majority of the cultivars except pigment malvidin which was not detected in
two cultivars and found in traces in two cultivars. The most dominantly distributed pigments are
pelargonidin and peonidin in cultivars Deep Red, Pusa Suhagan and Shahnoda. The pigments cyanidin,
peonidin and malvidin was dominantly distributed in cultivars Candyman, Pusa Urmi and Arka Pratham.
The pigments cyanidin and peonidin was detected in cultivars Priscilla and Pusa Gunjan. The pigment
malvidin was not detected in cultivars Deep Red and Pusa Gunjan and found in traces in cultivars White
Prosperity and Yellow Stone. In cultivars White Prosperity and Yellow Stone all the pigments were
found in traces. Based on the percentage of pigments detected the cultivars are classified into five
groups (A-E). In group A, the average of pelargonidin and peonidin pigments was 72.02 % which as
responsible for red colour to the florets in cultivars. In group B, the pigments detected were cyanidin,
peonidin and malvidin. The average of these pigments was 68.10% which gave pink-violet florets
colours. In group C, the average of cyanidin pelargonidin and peonidin pigments was 60.87 %. The
three major pigments along with other pigments in traces were responsible for light orange petals with
dark orange macule in cultivar Pusa Gunjan and white petals with dark pink edges in cultivar Priscilla. In
group D, the pigments detected in HPLC analysis were cyanidin, pelargonidin delphinidin peonidin and
petunidin whereas pigment malvidin was not detected in cultivars Deep Red and Pusa Gunjan. In group
E, the cultivars White Prosperity and Yellow Stone are white and yellow in colours, respectively and all
the pigments recorded were in traces in HPLC analysis. The presence of anthocyanin pigments in white
and yellow coloured cultivars might be due to the reddish spots/strips present on the perianth of florets
Keywords: Gladiolus, Anthocynins, Pigments, Petals, HPLC.
 Book of Abstracts 181

12.3.1 Efficacy of Chlormequat Chloride on Vegetative

Growth, Yield and Residues in Thompson Seedless
Grape
S. D. Ramteke1*, A. H. Gavali, Snehal M. Khalate, Amruta R. Langote,
Sharad Bhagwat. Dipali R Malpure
1ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P. B. No. 3, Manjri Farm Post, Pune– 412 307
E-mail: sdramteke@yahoo.com

Efficacy of Chlormequat Chloride on vegetative growth, yield and Residues in Thompson Seedless
Grapewas studied at lCAR- National Research Centre of Grapes, Pune during 2021-2022. Chlormequat
chloride (CCC) is a highly stable gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor that inhibits the vegetative growth and
cell elongation. It is commercially more acceptable and commonly used to control vegetative growth in
plants and improves its fruitfulness. The experiment was conducted in p Pl block design (RBD) having
4 treatments and 5 replication. The application of CCC also applied at 5, 7, 12 leaf stage during foundation
and fruit pruning. Morphological observations were recorded at 45 days after foundation as well as fruit
pruning. Application of Chlormequat chloride recorded reduced shoot length and Internodal distance
while increased in cane diameters. The results showed that Treatment T3 (CCC @ 2000 ppm) found
minimum shoot length (101.18 cm) and maximum fruitfulness (78.94%), bunch weight (240.50 g),
berry diameter (16.80 mm) and berry length (18.14 mm), yield/vine (10.90 kg) and yield/ ha (20.10
tonnes) as compared to untreated vines. The Berry samples was tested for residue study. The residues
in all treatments of CCC were found below MRL (0.05 mg/kg).
Keywords: Chlormequat chloride, vegetative growth, residues, Thompson Seedless grape.

12.3.2 Efficacy of Acadian Gold Star on Growth, Quality

and the Yield of Grapes
S. D. Ramteke1*, Amruta R. Langote, A. H. Gavali, Snehal M. Khalate
Sharad Bhagwat, Dipali R Malpure
ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P. B. No. 3, Manjri Farm Post, Pune– 412 307
1

Email: sdramteke@yahoo.com

The experiment was conducted at ICAR- National Research Centre of Grapes, Pune during 2021-2022,
investigating on Efficacy of Acadian Gold star on growth, quality and the yield of grapes.Acadian Gold
star is an exclusive mixture of beneficial bioactive compound (alginic acid, oligosaccharides, betaines,
mannitol, fucose containing polymer, other carbohydrates and nutrients) from Ascophyllum Nodosum
seaweed. This enhances natural processes within the plants by switching on gene expression and active
compound production that stimulates plant growth and protects against environmental stresses. The
experiment was designed in randomized block design (RBD) having 6 treatments and 4 replication. Viz.
T1 (0.25 kg/ha), T2 (0.50 kg/ha), T3 (0.75 kg/ha), T4 (1.00 kg/ha), T5 (1.25 kg/ha), T6 (control).The
application of Acadian Gold star also applied at 1-2 inch bunch, 14 days after 1st spray, 10 days after fruit
set, 2 weeks after 3rd spray, 2 weeks after 4th spray, Version stage. The results showed that Treatment
182 Book of Abstracts

T3 (0.75 kg/ha) obtained higher chlorophyll contain (2.43 mg/ g at version stage), maximum bunch
weight (216.16 g), 50 berry weight (125.78 g ), berry diameter (14.46 mm) , berry length (19.80 mm)
and yield/ ha (16.86 tonnes), TSS (21.05 Brix), Acidity (0.66%), whereas the skin thickness (0.30 mm)
and pedicle thickness (0.17 mm) were found higher in treatment T1 as compare to untreated vines.
Keywords: Acadian Gold star, Efficacy, Grapes, Yield.

12.3.3 The Impact of Mepiquat chloride (MC) 5% AS on

Yield and Quality Parameters and Residue Studies in
grapes
S. D. Ramteke1*, A. H. Gavali, Snehal M. Khalate, Amruta R. Langote
Sharad Bhagwat, Dipali R Malpure
1
ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P. B. No. 3, Manjri Farm Post, Pune– 412 307
E-mail: sdramteke@yahoo.com

The experiment was conducted at lCAR- National Research Centre of Grapes, Pune during 2021-2022,
to evaluate the impact of Mepiquat chloride on yield and quality parameters and residue studies in
grapes. Mepiquat (N, N-dimethylpiperidinium) is a plant-protection product used intensively as a plant
growth regulator in agriculture usually as the chloride salt, and it acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of
gibberellic acid. The effects of Mepiquat Chloride (MC) 5% AS application at different concentration on
grapevine were examined on the vegetative growth, yield and quality parameters of Thompson Seedless
grapes grafted on Dogridge rootstock. The experiment was designed in randomized block design (RBD)
having 3 treatments and 7 replication. Viz. T1 (50 g.a.i/ha (1000 ml)), T2 (100 g.a.i/ha (2000 ml)), T3
(control). The application of Mepiquat Chloride also applied at 3- 5 leaf stage and 5-7 leaf stage during
foundation and fruit pruning. The results showed that Treatment T2 (100 g.a.i/ha (2000 ml))found
minimum shoot length (90.11 cm) and maximum fruitfulness (78.23%), bunch weight (245.20 g),
berry diameter (17.11 mm) and berry length (19.84 mm), yield/vine (11.4 kg) and yield/ ha (20.55
tonnes) and TSS (20.90 Brix), Acidity (0.67%) as compare to untreated vines. The Significant differences
were recorded with gas exchange parameters. The leaf, Berry and soil samples were tested for residue
analysis and below MRL (0.02 mg/kg) were found in all samples. In this study it can be concluded that
Mepiquat chloride 5% AS was found to be effective in controlling vegetative growth and eventually
resulting for increasing per cent fruitfulness, yield, quality and MRL in Grapes.
Keywords: Plant growth regulator, Mepiquat chloride 5% AS, residues, Thompson Seedless grape.
 Book of Abstracts 183

SUPPLEMENTARY ABSTRACTS
SUPPLEMENTARY ABSTRACTS (Received late)

5.3.8 Impact of Startup on Production of Potato through

Tissue Culture in Etawah: A Case Study
Dhananjai Singh, Bhupendra Kumar Singh, M.K. Singh and V.B. Jaiswal
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Etawah
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur

Etawah is situated on of 26.81’ latitude and the 79.03’ longitude, delineated in south western semi arid
zone of Uttar Pradesh. It is comprised of 5 Tahsils, viz., Bharthana, Etawah, Saifai, Takha, and Jaswant
Nagar and 8 development blocks viz., Badhpura, Basrehar, Jaswantnagar, Mahewa, Saifai, Chakarnagar,
Takha, and Bharthana. Average rainfall of the district is 620-750 mm and Maximum and minimum
temperature are 45.6 0C 7.4 0C with average humidity is 60%.
The district is categorised in four agro ecol;ogical situation. On the basis of the natural features of AES,
they are named as Pachar, Ghar, Karka and Par. Paddy, maize, pearl millet, potato, wheat, mustard and
vegetables etc. are the major crops of district in Rabi season. Potato is one of the major crop and grown
in area of 16129 ha. The productivity of potato in the district is 220q/ ha which is 50 % of the potential
yield of improved varieties of potato recommended for central plain zone. Among several yield limiting
factors, virus diseases are predominant and with poor availability of quality seeds of improved varieties.
To enhance the productivity and quality of potato KVK Etawah conducted on farm trials and FLDs on
the farmer’s field in village Navali of block Basrehar. Consequently the productivity enhanced by 52 %
but the availability of seeds of improved cultivars of potato increased non significantly. In order to solve
the problem of potato seeds, KVK initiated the seed production programme of potato by facilitating
technical knowledge to Shivam Tiwari , an young farmer, native of village Navli, block Basrehar of
district Etawah. He got advance training in seed production of potato from ICAR-CPRI, Shimla on
recommendation of KVK Etawah and establish a tissue culture lab during 2018 and consequently started
production of potato seed through tissue culture on large scale within 3 years. At present he is supplying
the seed of potato of improved varieties viz., Kufri Sangam, Kufri fryom, Kufri Lima, Kufri Sukhyati,
Kufri Khyati, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Mohan, Kufri Neelkanth. Kufri Chipsona and Kufri Laukar in Etawah
district as well as other states viz., M.P., Rajasthan, Haryana, Chhattisgarh and Punjab. His annual
income increased from Rs. 30.00 lakh to Rs.1.05 crore. His start-up has become source of inspiration
for other unemployed youth in the district Etawah.
184 Book of Abstracts

9.2.19 Efficacy of Some Plant Extract Against Banana

Pseudostem Weevil, Odoiporus longicollis Oliver
Annabhatula Sasidhar, Inee Gogoi and Jabanika Hazarika,
Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013
Email id: inee.gogoi@aau.ac.in

Banana is one of the most popular fruit crops cultivated throughout the world. In India, banana ranks
first in production and third in area among fruit crops. It accounts for 13 per cent of the total area and
33 per cent of the production of fruits. Banana pseudo stem weevil, Odoiporus longicollis is considered
as a predominant and also a major constraint for the production of banana on worldwide basis, especially
in India. A preliminary investigation was carried out in Post graduate laboratory, Department of Entomology,
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the year 2019-20 to determine the LC50 values of plant
extracts viz. Xanthium strumarium, Lantana camara, Clerodendron infortunatum, Melia azaderach and
Azadirachta indica along with imidacloprid as standard check. In case of Solvent plant leaf extracts, the
LC50values of X. strumarium was found to be 32.507, 30.19 and 21.082, for L. camara it is 14.454,
11.65 and 9.741 % after 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. In case of aqueous plant leaf extracts,
LC50 values were found to be 75.881, 58.708 and 39.02 % in case of X. strumarium. Similarly, L.
camara showcased 21.863, 17.829 and 15.791 %.. Based on LC50 values, order of toxicity was
Imidacloprid > Lantana camara > Azadirachta indica > Clerodendron infortunatum > Melia azaderach >
Xanthium strumarium in case of both aqueous and solvent leaf extracts.
Keywords: Banana, Odoiporus longicollis, LC50, solvent extract, aqueous extract

9.2.20 Seasonal Abundance of Banana Leaf and Fruit

Scarring Beetle (Basilepta subcostatum, Jacoby)
Karanika Gogoi and Inee Gogoi
Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-78501
Email id: inee.gogoi@aau.ac.in

An extensive study was carried out in the Horticulture Experimental Farm, Assam Agricultural University,
Jorhat during May, 2020 to April, 2021 to assess the abundance of leaf and fruit scarring beetle, Basilepta
subcostatum Jacobyassociated with banana on a weekly basis on the variety Dwarf Cavendish locally
known as Jahaji. The beetle population was co-related with different meteorological parameters viz.,
maximum and minimum temperatures (0C), morning and evening relative humidity (%) and total rainfall
(mm). The mean beetle population was highest during August, 2020 (52.51 beetles/plant) when the
maximum temperature was 32.2 0C, minimum temperature 24.9 0C, morning relative humidity 97%,
evening relative humidity 85% and rainfall 12 mm and the least was during January, 2021 (5.62 beetles/
plant) when the maximum temperature was 24.6 0C, minimum temperature 15.2 0C, morning relative
humidity 98%, evening relative humidity 92% and with no rainfall. The population of the beetle showed
positive and significant correlation with various meteorological parameters viz. maximum and minimum
temperatures, evening relative humidity, total rainfall except morning relative humidity where it showed
negative correlation. Multiple regression analysis of the beetle population with different meteorological
factors showed 85.5 per cent shift in population due to the combined effect of various meteorological
parameters.
Keywords: Beetle, Basilepta subcostatum, population, meteorological parameters