MATHEMATICS

Differential Equation
Nishant Vora
B.Tech - IIT Patna

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Differential
Equations
Differential Equation
Examples

4
Order and
Degree
Order and Degree of Differential Equation

Order
Order is the highest differential appearing a differential equation

Degree

Degree is highest power of highest differential after converting D.E.

to polynomial form (remove fractional powers if any)

e.g.
Find order and degree of the following differential equation
Find order and degree of the following differential equation
Find order and degree of the following differential equation
Find order and degree of the following differential equation
The order and degree of the differential equation

are

A. (1, ⅔) B. (3, 1)

C. (3,3) D. (1,2)
2002
Formation of
Differential
Equations
Formation of Differential Equations

Differentiate
Family of Curves Differential
Equation
Integrate
Formation of Differential Equations
From differential equation for following family of curves
1. y = mx
Formation of Differential Equations

1 Every family of curves has its own differential equation

The order of differential equation is always equal to the number of

2 independent arbitrary constant in the equation of family of curves.

Final differential equation should not have any arbitrary

3 constant.
The order of the differential equation whose general solution is
given by , where C 1, C2, C3, C4, C5,
are arbitrary constant is

A. 5 B. 4

C. 3 D. 2
A.

B.
JEE Main 2021
C.

D.
JEE Main 2021
Multi Correct Question
Consider the family of all circles whose centres lie on the
straight line y = x. If this family of circle is represented by the
differential equation Py” + Qy’ + 1 = 0, where P, Q are functions of
x, y and y’, then which of the following statement is(are) true?
JEE Adv. 2015
A. P = y + x B. P = y - x

C. P+Q = 1 - x + y + y’ + (y’)2 D. P-Q = x + y - y’ - (y’)2

Solution of
Differential
Equations
Formation of Differential Equations

Differentiate
Family of Curves Differential
Equation
Integrate
Solution of a Differential Equation
General and Particular Solutions
 Differential Equation
Variable
Separable
Homogeneous Linear

Reducible Variable Reducible to Reducible to

Separable Homogeneous Linear (Bernoulli's
D.E.)

T-1 T-2 T-3

 Variable
Separable
Variable Separable
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JEE Main 2021
If y = y(x) satisfies the differential equation
and y(0) = √7, then y(256)
=
A. 3 B. 9

C. 16 D. 80

JEE Adv. 2018

JEE Adv. 2020
Let f:R ⟶ R be a differentiable function with f(0) = 0. If y = f(x)
satisfies the differential equation dy/dx = (2 + 5y)(5y - 2), then
the value of f(x) is ____

JEE Adv. 2018

Reducible Variable
Separable: Type 1
 Differential Equation
Variable
Separable
Homogeneous Linear

Reducible
Reducible to Reducible to
Variable
Homogeneous Linear (Bernoulli's
Separable
D.E.)

T-1 T-2 T-3

Type 1 : Reducible Variable Separable

Standard Form:

Method: Put ax + by + c = t
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Reducible Variable
Separable: Type 2
Type 2 : Reducible Variable Separable

where b1 + a2 = 0
Solve the differential equation
Reducible Variable
Separable: Type 3
Type 3 : Polar Coordinates

1 i. x dx + y dy = r dr ii. x dy - y dx = r2 dθ
Type 3 : Polar Coordinates

2 i. x dx - y dy = r dr ii. x dy - y dx = r2 sec θ dθ
Solve the following differential Equation
Solve the following differential Equation
Homogeneous
Differential
Equation
Homogeneous Equations

The function f(x, y) is said to be a homogeneous function of degree n if

for any real number t(≠0), we have f(λx, λy) = λn(x, y)

For example

f(x, y) = x2/3 + 2x1/3y1/3 + 5y2/3

Method to Solve Homogeneous
D.E.

🔥Shortcut

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🔥Shortcut

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 Reducible to
Homogeneous D.E.
Equation Reducible to Homogeneous Form

Equation of the form can be reduced to a

homogeneous by substituting x = X + h and y = Y + k.

Solve :
Solve :

🔥Shortcut
Linear Differential
Equation
Linear Differential Equation
A differential equation is said to be linear if the dependent variable
and all its differentials coefficients occur in degree one only and
are never multiplied together.

The nth order linear differential equation if of the form.

Where a0(x), a1(x) …. an(x) are the coefficients of the differential equation
Examples : LDE

4
Linear Differential
Equation of First
Order
Linear Differential Equations of First Order

Standard form of L.D.E of first order

Method to Solve L.D.E of First Order
Method to Solve L.D.E of First Order
Solve the following differential equations
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Let y(x) be a solution of the differential equation
(1 + ex) y’ + yex = 1. If y(0) = 2, then which of the following
statement is (are) true ?

A. y(-4) = 0
B. y(-2) = 0
C. y(x) has a critical point in the interval (-1, 0)
D. y(x) has no critical point in the interval (-1, 0) JEE Adv. 2015
Alternate Form of L.D.E.
Let f : (0, ∞) ⟶ R be a differentiable function such that

f’ (x) = 2 for all x ∈ (0, ∞) and f(1) ≠ 1. Then

A. B.
Multi-correct

C. D. |f(x)| ≤ 2 for all x ∈ (0, 2)

JEE Adv. 2016
Reducible Linear
Differential
Equation
Reducible Linear Differential Equation

#Standard form of Reducible L.D.E

#Method to solve Reducible L.D.E

Solve the following differential equations
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Exact Differentials
Exact Differentials
i ii

iii iv

v vi

vii viii

ix x

xi xii

xiii
Solutions of the differential equation ydx + (x + x2y)dy = 0 is

A. log y = C B.

C. D.

2004
If a curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, -1) and satisfies the
differential equation y(1 + xy) dx = x dy, then f(-1/2) is equal to:

A. 2/5 B. 4/5

C. -2/5 D. -4/5

JEE M 2016
Geometrical
Application
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 Word
Problems
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Orthogonal
Trajectories
Orthogonal Trajectories

Procedure for finding the orthogonal trajectory

Let f(x, y, c) = 0 be the equation of given family, where

1 c is an arbitrary parameter.

2 Find the differential equation.

Replace dy/dx by -dx/dy in the equation obtained

3 above

4 Solve the new differential equation to get the answer.

Find the orthogonal trajectory of the following curves
i. x2 + y2 = a2
Find the orthogonal trajectory of y2 = 4ax

A. 2x2 + y2 = k B. x2 + 2y2 = k

C. x2 + 2y = k D. x2 + 2y2 = k
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