AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION

AGRONOMY (TLE 10)

Quarter 1, Week 5

_____________________________________________________
Prepared by: Mrs. Mary Grace S. Maata

Learning LO 1. Prepare materials, tools, and equipment for Agronomic Crop

Competency work

Code TLE_AFAC10CW-Ia-e-1

Types And Selection of Materials, Tools and Equipment Appropriate to

Lesson Agronomic Production

At the end of this lesson, students must be able to:

Objectives K: differentiate agronomy from horticultural crops;
S: explain the role of tools and equipment in agronomic production; and
A: value the importance of “gulayan sa tahanan”

What Do You Need To Know?

HORTICULTURE VS AGRONOMY

Horticulture is the art of cultivating plants in gardens to produce food and medicinal ingredients, or for comfort and
ornamental purposes. Horticulturists are agriculturists who grow flowers, fruits and nuts, vegetables, and herbs, as well as
ornamental trees and lawns. Horticulture involves plant propagation and cultivation to improve plant growth, yields, quality,
nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses. It also includes plant
conservation, landscape restoration, soil management, landscape and garden design, construction and maintenance,
and arboriculture. The word horticulture is modeled after agriculture; it derives from the Latin words hortus and cultura, which
mean “garden” and “cultivation”, respectively.

Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants in agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, recreation, and
land restoration. Agronomy has come to encompass work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology,
and soil science. Professionals in the field of agronomy are called agronomists. This area of agronomy involves selective
breeding of plants to produce the best crops under various conditions. Plant breeding has increased crop yields and has
improved the nutritional value of numerous crops, including corn, soybeans, and wheat. It has also led to the development
of new types of plants. For example, a hybrid grain called triticale was produced by crossbreeding rye and wheat.

TYPES OF FARM EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES

Modern farmers have a huge range of equipment options for the various activities they do on an annual basis. From high-
tech combine harvesters to simple tractors, the various kinds of farm equipment available can meet the needs of small-scale
homesteaders and industrial-size farming operations alike. However, it can be difficult to keep track of all the options. New
farmers especially may wonder what the different types of farming machinery are for. For small- and mid-size farms especially,
determining the different types of farming machinery you may need to make your operations more efficient can be frustrating.

1. TRACTORS

Compact tractors: are ideal for material handling and working in tight spaces where traditional
tractors can't fit.
 Wheeled tractors: Wheeled tractors are general-purpose tractors that help you get the most out of
your machinery. These utility tractors can meet a variety of demands and can be outfitted for tilling,
material handling and equipment pulling.

Track tractors: Track tractors are farming vehicles mounted with rubber tracks instead of tires, allowing
them to plow fields with more power while providing a smoother ride for the operator.

Orchard tractors: Orchard tractors are a special type of tractor adapted with features to work
optimally in orchards. These slender tractors can more easily fit between lines of trees while still
providing the power needed to do landscaping and maintenance.

2. COMBINE OR HARVESTER also known as harvesters or combine harvesters, that help to harvest their crops efficiently.

Reaper: Reaping is the process of cutting the plant, which is accomplished by the header, reel and cutter
bar on the combine. The header gathers the crops while the reel pushes them toward the cutter bar,
which cuts the crops at their base.

Thresher: Threshing is the process of separating the edible parts of the crop from the non-edible parts. This
is accomplished by the threshing drum, which beats the cut crops to separate the grains from their stalks.

Winnowing Machine: Winnowing is the process of separating light chaff from the grain, and it is usually
accomplished while the grain is in the threshing drum. Chaff is usually separated from the grain through
the use of sieves.

TRACTOR ATTACHMENTS

1. PLOWS
A plow is a large tractor attachment that drags behind the tractor, using long blades to cut furrows in the soil. This process not
only loosens and turns the soil, but it also helps kill off any surface vegetation that is not intended to be there.

Moldboard plows: Moldboard plows consist of wing-shaped blades, which are specifically
designed to cut into and turn the soil. This is an ideal type of plow for shallow but thorough
soil turning, which is often necessary for land that hasn't been used for crop production for
several years.

Disc plows: Disc plows consist of rows of discs that work to turn the soil and cut up weeds.
These are less common than moldboard plows as they are less effective at turning the soil,
but disc plows may be more useful for soil that is particularly sticky or rocky.

Chisel plows: Chisel plows consist of exceptionally long shanks. These shanks turn the soil at
a depth of a foot or more. This is often necessary for land that has been used for consistent
crop production.

2. HARROWS
These attachments break down clumps of soil, make the soil surface level and redistribute crop and weed residue to make it
easier for new plants to take root and grow. Harrows can also be used after distributing manure and fertilizer, as they can help
break up clumps and distribute the fertilizer more evenly.

Spring harrows: Spring harrows are an older style that isn't commonly found today.
These attachments use flexible iron teeth mounted in rows to loosen and agitate the
soil.
 Roller harrows: Roller harrows look like large, spiked tubes and, as the name
suggests, are rolled across the soil to help crush the soil and prepare it for seed
planting.

Chain harrows: Chain harrows look like chain nets with spiked attachments. These
are run over the surface of the ground to help aerate and spread soil and fertilizer.

Disc harrows: Disc harrows are the more modern version of spring harrows and
consist of rows of large discs that break up soil and weeds more thoroughly after
plowing.

3. FERTILIZER SPREADERS
Fertilizer spreaders function as the name suggests — they spread fertilizer across a field.

Broadcast spreader: Possibly the Manure spreader: Manure spreaders

most common fertilizer spreader is take solid manure from livestock and
the broadcast spreader, which spread it across a field. This is an easy
works by taking fertilizer and way of utilizing manure effectively,
dispersing it using gravity. though the solid manure will often need
to be run over with a harrow to break it
up and mix it in with the soil.

Slurry spreader: Liquid manure spreaders are also known as slurry spreaders, which
spray a slurry of liquid manure across a field.

4. SEEDERS

Broadcast seeders: Broadcast seeders are also known as seeders or rotary spreaders, and
they come in all sizes. These seeders work by placing seeds inside a hopper. Inside the
hopper, a plate turns, taking seeds in for dispersing across the field.

Air seeders: Air seeders are very large seeders that use compressed air to shoot seeds into the
ground. Though highly effective, air seeders can only be used on small, round seeds because
of the way they operate, which limits their utility.

Box drill seeders: Box drills are the preferred seeder for most farming operations due to the
fact that they are easy to use and work with a wide variety of seed types. These
attachments drill into the soil and drop seeds at a specific depth.

Planters: Planters are the most accurate seeders, though they also tend to be the most
expensive. Planters consist of several blades and wheels topped with seed boxes that contain
the seeds to be planted.
5. BALERS

Square balers: Square balers

Round balers: Round balers collect hay, straw or stalks into
work by rolling hay into round compactors, which help pack
shapes and then wrapping it. and compress the material
into a square shape.

6. WAGONS OR TRAILERS
Harvesting: Wagons and trailers may be used to move hay bales and other harvested goods from one area of the farm to
another.
Material handling: Wagons are often used to move large quantities of materials, including fertilizers and feed, across large
areas.
Human resources: Wagons and trailers with seating may be used to move employees and visitors across large areas of land.
Equipment transportation: Trailers are often equipped to move farming equipment, smaller vehicles and attachments.

7. OTHER TRACTOR ATTACHMENTS

Sprayers: Sprayer attachments can be used to spray pesticides, fertilizers and other
substances across large areas. These are a must-have for any farming operation that
handles large acreages.

Mowers: Mowers are a necessity for any large plot of land, but tractor
owners can benefit from mower attachments. There are a variety of
mower types to meet a range of farm needs from grass management
to harvesting.

Transplanters: Tractor-pulled transplanters make transplanting easy by taking large

quantities of growing plants, digging holes for them and depositing them, all using
machinery.

Cultivators: Cultivators are used for soil cultivation, specifically in the area of weed
control. These are used for shallow tilling and are often used in smaller farming
operations.

Plastic mulch layers: For large-scale farms that use methods involving plasticulture, a
plastic mulch layer tractor attachment is a necessity. This equipment takes a ream of
plastic and lays it flat along the bed using a series of wheels.

Rakes: If your farm operation involves making hay, raking attachments are essential
for your tractor. Several types of rakes are available as pull-behind attachments,
including wheel rakes, parallel-bar rakes, rotary rakes and belt rakes.

https://www.holtags.com/types-of-farm-equipment-and-their-uses
 AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION
AGRONOMY (TLE 10)
ACTIVITY SHEET- Quarter 1, Week 5

NAME: _________________________________________________ SECTION: ______________________________

Activity 1: Identify the different farm equipment.

Rake Sprayer Compact tractor Reaper Broadcast seeder

Mower Round baler Wheeled tractor Thresher
Disc harrow Square baler Orchard tractor Spring harrow

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10.
Assessment: Read the statement carefully and choose the correct answer.

_____ 1. What is the art of cultivating plants in gardens to produce food and medicinal ingredients, or for comfort and
ornamental purposes?
A. Agronomy B. Agri-crop Production C. Agriculture D. Horticulture

_____ 2. What branch of science and technology that produces and use plants in agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, recreation,
and land restoration?
A. Agronomy B. Agri-crop Production C. Agriculture D. Horticulture

_____ 3. Professionals in the field of agronomy are called ____________________.

A. Agronomists B. Agriculturists C. Horticulturists D. Farmers

_____ 4. The word horticulture is modeled after agriculture; it derives from the Latin words hortus and cultura. What do these
words mean?
A. garden and cultivation C. farming and agriculture
B. garden and agriculture D. farming and cultivation

_____ 5. What equipment ideal for material handling and working in tight spaces where traditional tractors can't fit?
A. Compact tractor B. Orchard tractor C. Track tractor D. Wheeled tractor

_____ 6. What general-purpose tractor that helps you get the most out of your machinery can meet a variety of demands and
can be outfitted for tilling, material handling and equipment pulling?
A. Compact tractor B. Orchard tractor C. Track tractor D. Wheeled tractor

_____ 7. What process of cutting the plant, which is accomplished by the header, reel and cutter bar on the combine, the
header gathers the crops while the reel pushes them toward the cutter bar?
A. Broadcasting B. Reaping C. Threshing D. Winnowing

_____ 8. What process of separating the edible parts of the crop from the non-edible parts, this is accomplished by the
threshing drum, which beats the cut crops to separate the grains from their stalks?
A. Broadcasting B. Reaping C. Threshing D. Winnowing

_____ 9. Which of the following that describes of wing-shaped blades, which are specifically designed to cut into and turn the
soil and an ideal type of plow for shallow but thorough soil turning?
A. Chisel plow B. Disc plow C. Moldboard plow D. Native plow

_____ 10. What attachments that break down clumps of soil, make the soil surface level and redistribute crop and weed
residue to make it easier for new plants to take root and grow?
A. Balers B. Harrow C. Fertilizer spreader D. Seeders