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Topic 1: Basic Concept of Agricultural Crop

Agriculture has a long history dating back thousands of years to areas like the Fertile Crescent where crops were first domesticated. Major developments occurred in ancient times with innovations in irrigation, crop rotation, and organized farming in places like Sumer. Agriculture continued advancing through the Middle Ages, spread of crops between the Old and New Worlds, and modern mechanization and specialization of farming.

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350 views32 pages

Topic 1: Basic Concept of Agricultural Crop

Agriculture has a long history dating back thousands of years to areas like the Fertile Crescent where crops were first domesticated. Major developments occurred in ancient times with innovations in irrigation, crop rotation, and organized farming in places like Sumer. Agriculture continued advancing through the Middle Ages, spread of crops between the Old and New Worlds, and modern mechanization and specialization of farming.

Uploaded by

Sally Condes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Topic 1: Basic Concept of Agricultural Crop

OBJECTIVE:

 Define and appreciate the beauty of Agriculture


 Understand the Brief History of Agriculture
 Distinguish the Branches of Agriculture
 Determine the types of agricultural crops
DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE
Definition of Terms
Agriculture – is the science, art and practice of cultivation the
soil producing crops and raising livestock and in varying
degrees the preparation and marketing and resulting of
products.

Farm Equipment - machine in crop production.

Farm Implements- accessories pulled by animals or mounted


to machineries to make the work easier.
What is Agriculture?

Nominal Definition-
Agriculture comes from the Latin words ager, agri
meaning field and cultura meaning growing, cultivation.

Real Definition- Agriculture is the science or practice of


farming which includes the cultivation of the soil for the
growing of crops and fruit bearing trees.
Elements in the Definition of
Agriculture

- It is a science, because of systematically organized


body of knowledge which nit only based on opinions,
hypothesis and theories but on factual and absolute
knowledge.
VALUE OF AGRICULTURE

 It can be a source of livelihood which can contribute


to
1. micro and macro community
2. supplying and sustaining food and fodder 3.
promoting diplomatic friendship
4. marketable surplus products
5. source of savings
6. economic development
Lesson 2: Brief History of Agriculture
ANCIENT ORIGINS

The Fertile Cresecent of the Middle East was the site of the earliest
planned sowing and harvesting of plants that had been previously
been gathered in the wild. Independent development of
agriculture occurred in northern and southern China, Africa’s
Sahel, new Guinea and several regions of the America. Barley has
been found in archaeological sites in Levant and East of the
Zagros Mountains in Iran.
ANCIENT ORIGINS cont’d

The eight so called Neolithic founder crops of agriculture includes emmer


wheat einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas
and flax. Bitter vetch and lentils along with almonds pistachios appear in
Franchthi Cave Greece simultaneously, about 9,000 BC. Niether was
native to Greece, and they appear 2,000 years prior to domesticated wheat
in the same location. This suggests that the cultivation of legumes and
nuts preceded that of grain in some Neolithic cultures.
ANCIENT ORIGINS cont’d

By 7,000 BC, small-scale agriculture reached Egypt. From at least


7,000 BC the Indian subcontinent saw farming of wheat and barley,
as attested by archeological excavation at Mehgarh in Balochistan.
By 6,000 BC, mid scale farming was entrenched on the banks of
the Nile.
ANCIENT ORIGINS cont’d

By 5,000 BC, the Sumerians had developed


core agricultural techniques including large
scales intensive cultivation of land, mono-
cropping, organized irrigation and use of a
specialized labour force,, particularly along
the waterway now known as the shatt al-
Arab, from its Persian Gulf delta to the
confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates.
Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, Muslim farmers in


North Africa and the Near East developed
and disseminated agricultural technologies
including irrigation systems based in
hydraulic and hydrostatic pinciples, use the
machines and the use of water raising
machines, dams and reservoirs.
Modern Era

 After1492, a global exchange of previously


local crops and livestock breeds occurred.
Key crops involved in this exchange
included the tomato, maize, potato, cocoa
and tobacco going from the New World to
the Old, and several varieties of wheat,
spices, coffee, and sugar cane going from
the Old world or New.
Early 1800’s

 Agriculturaltechniques, implements, seed


stocks and cultivated plants selected and
given a unique name because of its
decorative or useful characteristics had so
improved that yield per land unit was many
times seen in the Middle Ages.
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

Direction: Answer the following questions. Write your answer


on one whole piece of yellow pad paper.
1. Collect pictures of agricultural technologies from the
ancient origins until the contemporary times. What are the
similarities and differences of agricultural technologies
comparing to each era?
2. Why is it important to know and understand the history
of agriculture?
Lesson 3: BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURE
There are four Branches of agriculture,
namely;

1. Livestock Production or Animal Husbandry


2. Crop Production or Agronomy
3. Agricultural Economics
4. Agricultural Engineering
Livestock Production or Animal
Husbandry

 Animal Husbandry – is the branch of agriculture


concerned with animal that are raised for meat,
fiber, milk, eggs or other products.
Livestock Production or Animal Husbandry 4
Classifications

1. Nomadic Pastoralism-
is the husbandry of
grazing animals is
viewed as an ideal way
of making a living and
the regular movement of
all or part of the society
is considered a normal
and natural part of life.
Livestock Production or Animal Husbandry

2. Poultry Farming- is
the raising of birds
domestically or
commercially for meat
and eggs as well as for
feathers.
Livestock Production or Animal Husbandry

3. Swine Farming -is


the raising of and
breeding of domestics
pigs as livestock. And is
a branch of animal
husbandry.
Livestock Production or Animal Husbandry

4. Apiculture -is the


scientific method of
rearing honeybees.
II. CROP PRODUCTION OR AGRONOMY

- It is the science dealing with the cultivation of


crops and vegetables on a field scales either
under rain fed or irrigation conditions.
a. Pomology
- Is the branch of botany that studies all fruits,
specifically the science of growing fruits and
nuts.
The word derived from the Latin word ‘promum’
means ‘Fruit’ and logia which means ‘field of study’
OLERICULTURE
Isthe science and art of
vegetable growing,
dealing with the culture
of non-woody
(herbaceous) plants for
food.
It
derived from the Latin
“oleris” which means ‘
pot herb’ an
“colere”means culture.
FLORICULTURE

 Refers to farming,
plant care,
propagation and
cultivation with
one goal in mind
 The word floris
means flowers and
colore
III. AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS

- Is the study of the


allocation, distribution
utilization of the
resources used..
III. AGRICULTURAL ENINEERING

 - is the area of engineering concerned


with the design construction and
improvement of farming and machinery.
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS
ENRICHMENT ACTVITY

Directions: Answer the following questions. Write


your answer on your activity notebook.
1. What are the 4 branches or agriculture? Give its
importance.

2. What are the four (4) branches of livestock


production? Describe each.

3. Enumerate the different kinds of agronomy


crops.
ENRICHMENT ACTVITY

4. What are the three (3) branches of


horticulture? Describe each.

5. If you were given a capital to build or establish


your own agricultural business, in what branch of
crop production do you prefer? Explain and share
it to the class.

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