UP Challengin US ve Word Problems p\as NEW| ata Th hee ging Wart ouPreface 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book § presents word problems that test on important concepts so students can learn to apply general mathematical problem-solving strategies and heuristics confidently. What's in this book? This book comprises word problems often encountered by students in their tests and examinations. The questions are categorized into respective topics in accordance with the current Primary Mathematics Syllabus. Solutions Detailed step-by-step workings are included in the answer key for every question to show how a problem is solved. Diagrams and mathematical models are provided in most solutions to aid students in understanding the problem-solving processes. Enhanced Learning www.onlineresources.sapgrp.com Develop and hone creative and critical thinking skills. Learn effective strategies to conquer problems sums, The Editorial TeameT CLS pay Learning Objective eee Se eens nae ~55 Measurement 12~21 6 ia ~ 67. Percentage CT ai 2-part Word Problems 81 ~97 Measurement 100~101 Percentages)2377))) In a game for 24 groups, the average number of children was 16. When one J more group of children was formed to join in the game, the average number of children became 18. The number of boys to girls who had just joined in the game was in the ratio 5 : 6. If there were 220 boys at first, how many more boys than girls were there in the end? Answer: } of anumber is 90 more than J of the same number. What is the number? Answer: A florist arranges some orchids in bouquets of 20 and some roses in bouquets of 10. She sells each orchid bouquet for $25 and each rose bouquet for $30. She earns a total of $390. If she sells four times as many orchid bouquets as rose bouquets, how many flowers does she sell altogether? Answer: hale (© Singapore Asia Publishers le Lid SE RME (05364680Ken and Ivan had some sweets. After Ken gave away 3 of his sweets, he had 4 as many sweets as Ivan. Ivan then gave away 120 sweets and he had 4 as many sweets as Ken. How many sweets did each of them have at first? Answers: Ivan: Ken: Hotel A and Hotel B had a total of 6500 guests. After i of the guests in Hotel A and 3 of the guests in Hotel B checked out, there were 260 more guests in Hotel B than in Hotel A. How many guests did Hotel A have at first? Answer: There were 900 sweets in 3 boxes, A, B and C. 18 sweets were transferred from A to B and 5 sweets were transferred from B to C. } of the sweets in C were then transferred to A. There was then an equal number of sweets in all 3 boxes. How many sweets were there in each box at first? Answers: Box A: Box B: Box C: 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte LidSome boys and girls took part in a competition. 3 of the competitors were boys. 4 of the boys were disqualified from the competition. If there were 135 competitors at first, how many more girls than boys were left? Answer: Mrs Walker had some lemons. She put 4 of the lemons equally into 5 bags and the other half equally into 6 containers. There were 63 lemons in one bag and 3 containers altogether. How many lemons did Mrs Walker have? Answer: The ratio of the number of biscuits that Andy and Betty had was 2 : 5. After Andy bought 24 more biscuits, the ratio became 16 : 10. If there were 6 biscuits ina pack, how many packs of biscuits would Betty have to buy so that they would have the same number of biscuits in the end? Answer: 101 Must-Kaow Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 ‘© Singapore Asia Publishers Pe LitMegan and Olivia had some money. They made a donation of $100 together. Megan donated 4 of her money. After donating $24, Olivia found that she had $32 more than Megan. What was the sum of money both of them had at first? Answer: Mrs Benjamin baked some butter cookies and chocolate chip cookies in the ratio 7 : 3. After giving away 24 butter cookies, the ratio of butter cookies to chocolate chip cookies was 11 : 6. She then packed the rest of the cookies into bags of 4 without mixing them. How many bags of cookies of each type did she have? Answers: _______ bags of butter cookies bags of chocolate chip cookies There were some red, yellow and blue toy cars in a box. 3 of the toy cars were red and 26 were blue. The rest were yellow. If there were 12 fewer yellow toy cars than blue toy cars, how many red toy cars were there? Answer: 101 Mus-Kaow Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pe LitThere were 900 oranges and apples in a box. When § of the oranges and 4 of the apples were taken out from the box, there was an equal number of oranges and apples left. How many more oranges than apples were there at first? Answer: There were 48 entries from Primary 1 and Primary 2 in a storytelling competition. The rest were from Primary 3. If 30 entries were not from Primary 1 and 28 entries were not from Primary 2, how many entries were there altogether? Answer: In a Kindergarten, 12% of the students are Malays and the rest are Chinese. 50% of the Chinese and 12.5% of the Malays are boys. There are 912 more Chinese than Malay students. How many girls are there in the kindergarten? Answer: 101 Musi-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asa Publishers Pre Lid PThe ratio of the number of oranges to papayas in a basket is 3 : 5. After of the oranges and 4 of the papayas are eaten, there are 16 more papayas than oranges in the basket. How many fruit of each type are there in the basket at first? Answers: oranges papayas Terence and Cynthia had some balloons in the ratio 5: 9. When 15 of Terence’s balloons burst, the ratio of Terence’s to Cynthia's balloons was 10 : 27. How many balloons did each of them have at first? Answers: Terence: Cynthia: Mr Willis had some oranges and pears. 60% of them were oranges. 70% of the pears and 40% of the oranges were sold. 240 fruit were not sold. How many fruit did Mr Willis have at first? Answer:Joel and Anson have some marbles in the ratio 7 : 5. If Joel gives Anson 36 marbles, Anson will have twice as many marbles as Joel. How many marbles do they have altogether? Answer: There were 750 shirts in a box. 20% of them were pink and 18% were green. The remaining shirts were either yellow or black. If there were 85 more black shirts than yellow shirts, what was the total number of black and green shirts in the box? Answer: There are some apples in 3 baskets, A, B and C. The ratio of the number of apples in A to B is 5 : 3. There are 112 apples in C. If the ratio of the total number of apples in A and B to the number of apples in C is 6 : 2, how many more apples are there in A than in B? Answer: Seep Plies ele wr ¥ 34K NG 105364650There were some red, blue and green rubber bands in a box. 2 of the rubber bands were red. There were 40 green rubber bands and 24 more blue rubber bands than red rubber bands. How many rubber bands were there altogether? Answer: Francis, Philip and Jamie had twenty-cent, fifty-cent and one-dollar coins respectively. Francis had five times as many coins as Jamie. Philip had half the number of coins that Jamie had. If Philip had 27 fewer coins than Francis, how much money did they have altogether? Answer: There were some apple pies and lemon pies in two boxes, A and B, Box A had 40% of the total number of pies. Box B had 12 apple pies. If 75% of the pies in box B were lemon pies, what was the total number of pies in both boxes? Answer: 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Lido)2577-)))) Juliana and Patrick had some marbles. If Juliana gave Patrick 20 marbles, if both of them would have an equal number of marbles. If Patrick gave Juliana 20 marbles, Juliana would have 3 times as many marbles as Patrick. Find the number of marbles that each of them had. Answers: Juliana: Patrick: On Sunday, Mrs Campbell baked some cookies and put all of them into a box. She then took out % of them. Of these, 15 were given away and the remaining 23 were eaten. On Monday, she baked another tray of cookies. She put 3 of them into the same box. There were now 183 cookies in the box altogether. How many cookies did Mrs Campbell bake on Monday? Answer: 101 Musi-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Rook 5 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pie LidA bag of sweets was shared among Bob, Nancy, Lucy and Nicholas. Bob had twice as many sweets as Nancy. The number of sweets that Lucy had was 4 the total number of sweets that Bob and Nancy had. Nicholas had 90 sweets which was three times as many sweets as what Lucy had. How many sweets were there in the bag? Answer: Sandra, Ted and Justina had a total of 377 coins. Sandra gave Justina 15 coins and Ted received 13 coins from Justina. In the end, the ratio of the number of coins that Sandra and Ted had was 4 : 3 respectively and the ratio of the number of coins that Sandra and Justina had was 3 : 2 respectively. How many coins did each of them have at first? Answers: Sandra: Ted: Justina:A farm had some cows and goats. t of the cows and +4 of the goats were sold. There was an equal number of cows and goats left. If there were 704 cows and goats left, how many animals were on the farm at first? Answer: 3 of the 60 balloons used at a party were green and the rest were yellow. If 6 green balloons and 3 yellow balloons burst, what fraction of the remaining balloons were green? Answer: Peter was given a crate of cups. He sold all the cups. Each cup was sold at $8.90. For every set of 5 cups purchased by a customer, a cup was given free. 3 of the cups were sold in sets of 5 cups. He collected $1174.80 altogether. How many cups were there in the crate at first? Answer: Challenging Maths Word Peo Publishers Pte LtdSamantha, Jerry, Mandy and Tim scored an average of 68.75 points for a game. Tim’s score was 4 of Mandy's score and Mandy’s score was hof Jerry’s score. Samantha's score was } of Jerry’s score. What was the average score of Mandy and Samantha? Answer: Jane, Alice and Peter had a sum of money. After Jane spent 4 of her money, Alice spent $80 of hers and Peter spent 4 of his money, they had an equal amount of money left. If they had a total of $1008 in the end, how much did each of them have at first? ceas ity) A tank measures 20 cm by 15 cm by 30 cm. Pump A and Pump B release amounts of water in the ratio 3 ; 2 respectively. The two pumps can fill a tank with half a litre of water in 2 minutes. How long will it take Pump B alone to fill the tank completely with water? Answer: 101 Mus Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book © Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidThe cost of a book, toy and hat is in the ratio 5 : 2 : 9. The average cost of the three items is $32. When a belt is added, the average cost becomes $30. What is the difference between the cost of the book and the belt? Answer: ACEH is a rectangle. Its length is five times its breadth. The length is 30 cm. Dis the midpoint of CE and G is the midpoint of HF. Find the total area of the shaded portions. A Biren iC aC P : H G F E Answer: 101 Must-Kaow Challenging Matis Word Problem Book $ (© Singapore Asa Publishers Pte LidMrs Baker bought some flour. She used } of it to bake 6 cherry pies and packed the rest equally into 9 bags. There were 250 g more flour in 2 similar bags than what was used for a cherry pie. If all the flour was packed into 25 bags instead, how much flour would there be in each bag? Answer: The average mass of 3 bags, A, B and C when they are full is 38 kg. When all the items from bag A are taken out, the average mass of the 3 bags become 30 kg. The mass of the items from bags B and C is in the ratio 7:3. If the mass of the items in bag B is 20 kg heavier than the items in bag C, what is the total mass of the 3 bags when they are empty? Answer:A tank was filled with 2520 cm of sand. } of the sand was poured into a rectangular container which already contained 7112 cmé of sand. If the container had a base of 16 cm by 28 cm, what was the height of the sand in the container in the end? Answer: The ratio of the area of the shaded to the unshaded portions in rectangle ABEG is 5 : 3. The ratio of the area of triangle BCE to triangle AGF is 3 : 2. The area of rectangle ABEG is 152 cm’, The area of triangle CDE is 3 the area of rectangle ABEG. Find the difference between the area of the shaded portions and the unshaded portions of the figure. Answer: 101 Mos-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte LidSS Aaron bought 2 similar books and 3 similar rulers for $40.30. Sharon bought 3 such books and 5 such rulers for $61. What was the cost of a book and a ruler? Answer: A tank measuring 12 cm by 16 cm by 24 cm is filled with water. } the amount of water fills 4 of a basin. What is the capacity of the basin? Answer: erst The ratio of the length to the breadth of the rectangle is 7 : 3. The perimeter of the rectangle is 280 cm. What is the area of the shaded portion? Answer: 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte LidIn the figure below, GF is 2 of BG and JG is 2 of AF. GF is 3 of HF and EC is } of FC. FC = AF. AFC is a straight line. Find the total area of the shaded portions. B 18cm 10 cm; Answer: so) a3 tT-S7)) A tank measures 25 cm by 18 cm by 30 cm. Water is poured into the tank { until it is 3 filled. Some of the water is then poured into 2 similar containers, filling them to the brim. 950 cm! of water is then added to the tank until it is half-full. What is the capacity of each container? Answer: 101 Mast-Know Challenging Mats Word Problems Book 5 BENE 105364680 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pie LidJosephine had $80 more than Alex. If Alex gave Josephine $16, Josephine would have three times as much money as Alex. How much did each of them have at first? Answers: Josephit Alex: A bag costs $24.50 more than a wallet. The total cost of 2 bags and a wallet is $85. What is the total cost of 3 wallets and 3 bags? Answer: Clarence withdrew 25% of his savings from the bank on Monday. He spent $720 on a television set, $163 on a radio and the remaining $37 on a clock. He received his salary the following day and deposited % of it into the bank. As a result, the total amount in his bank account increased to $4680. Find Clarence’s salary. Answer: 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book (© Singapore Asis Publishers Pe LidJames is 8 years old. Last year, his father was 4 times as old as he was, In how many years’ time will their combined age be 51? Answer: Anna made full payment and bought a refrigerator at 20% discount during a sale. Joan paid a down payment of $399 and the rest in 12 monthly instalments of $250. This was 10% more than making full payment of the refrigerator during the sale. What was the price of the refrigerator before the sale? Answer: Jessica spent 4 of her money on a book and a toy. Don spent 4 of his money on the same items. The book cost $18 and the toy cost $6 less. How much more money did Don have than Jessica at first? Answer: 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book $ ° ‘Asia Publishers PreSean deposited $1500 in a bank, earning an interest of 3% per year. If he took out 4 of the money after 2 years and that the interest was fixed at 3% each year, how much would he have left in the bank? Answer: Jason had a sum of money. He spent an equal amount of money each day. After 6 days, he had % of his money left. 3 days later, he had $360 left. What was the sum of money he had at first? Answer: A tank measuring 15 cm by 24 cm by 28 cm was } filled with water. When 45% of the water from the tank was poured into an empty container, the container became @ full. What was the base area of the container if the height of the container was 30 cm? Answer: 101 Mus-Know CoalABCD represents a room in Mr Lee’s house. He wants to paint the shaded area at a cost of $10 per square metre. The areas AEH, JCF and GDH are in the ratio 6 : 7 : 5 respectively. If it costs $125 to paint GOH ow. mitch we it cost to paint the shaded area? E = 13m Answer: The total number of pears and oranges in a basket was 980. After 4 of the pears and 230 oranges were sold, the ratio of pears to oranges left became 2 : 3. What was the ratio of pears to oranges at first? Answer: 101 Mus-Kaow Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidThe ratio of Harry's cards to William’s cards was 3 : 4. After Harry bought 12 cards and William lost 24 cards, the ratio became 3 : 2. Find the total number of cards Harry and William had at first. Answer: A fruit seller had 2520 apples and oranges. There were % as many apples as oranges. He threw some rotten apples away and the ratio of apples to oranges became 1 : 4. How many rotten apples did he throw away? Answer: Jake, Mandy and Ann had 360 sweets in the ratio 4 : 3; 5 respectively. Jake gave } of his sweets to Mandy and Ann gave 40% of her sweets to Jake. What was the ratio of Jake’s sweets to Ann’s sweets in the end? Answer:The figure is made up of 2 rectangles and 3 similar triangles. The length of PQ to BC is in the ratio 5 : 3. Express, as a ratio, the area of the shaded portion to the area of the small rectangle. 26m Answer: There were 350 marbles in a box. 40% of them were red. There were 10% more red marbles than green marbles. The rest were white and orange marbles. If there were twice as many white marbles as orange marbles, how many more red marbles than white marbles were there? Answer: ing Maths Word Problems Book 5 & © Singapore Asn Pvlser Pe Lid BEAR 105364680Wilson bought some flour. He gave 20% of the flour to Mike and 25% to Mary. He gave them 72 kg of flour in total. He then packed the rest of the flour into 2-kg and 3-kg bags. There were twice as many 3-kg bags as 2-kg bags of flour. How many bags of each type were there? Answer: During a sale, the price of a television set fell by 20% of its original price. After the sale, the price increased by 5% of its original price. Jane bought the television set during the sale. She paid $300 as down payment and the rest in 16 (interest-free) monthly instalments of $120 each. How much was the television set after the sale? Answer: There were English, Chinese and Malay books in a box. 20% of the books were English books. The number of Chinese books to Malay books was in the ratio 4 : 3, After 10% of the Chinese books were sold, there were 72 Chinese books left in the box. How many books of each type were in the box at first? Answers: English: ‘Chinese: Malay: 101 Must-Kaow Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pee Lid40% of the students in a class joined the Art Club. 20% of the remaining students joined the Dance Society. The rest joined the choir. If 108 more students joined the choir than the Dance Society, how many fewer students. joined the Art Club than the choir? Colter Answer: Peter spent 20% of his weekly salary on food. Of the remainder, he saved some and gave his mother some money, in the ratio 5 : 2. If he saved $210 more than what he had given his mother, how much did he spend on food each week? poles its) Answer: 60% of the total number of people at the swimming complex were women. When 72 more women entered the swimming complex, the number of women increased by } the total number of women who were there at first. How many men were there at first? Answer: 101 Mus-Know Chal (© Singapore Asia PbIn the figure below, not drawn to scale, ABCD is a parallelogram and CDEF is a trapezium. Find 2x, Zy and Zz. D Ni Le £2) iC B Answers: 2x = “y= az= ABCD is a square and BPQ is an isosceles triangle. Find ZBPQ. B ‘ook Answer: —____ 101 Ms-Know Challenging Math Word Problems Book © Singapore Asa Publishers Pe LidMrs Cox made some muffins. She kept 15% of them for herself. 20% of the muffins were given to charity and 10% to her neighbour. 3 of the remaining muffins were sold. The rest were given to her children. Her children received 66 muffins. (a) How many muffins did Mrs Cox make? (b) If each muffin cost $1.40, how much money did Mrs Cox collect? Answers: (a) (b) During a sale, a computer was sold at a 40% discount and a television set was sold at a 20% discount. Jenny bought 2 computers and a television set during the sale. She paid a total of $5970. If she paid $4980 for the computers, (a) what was the original price of the television set? (b) What was the original price of a computer? Answers: (a) (b) (© Singapore Asta Publishers re LidThere were 1518 boys and girls in the hall. When 3 of the boys and 4 of the girls left the hall, there were twice as many girls as boys who remained in the hall. (@) How many girls were there at first? (b) How many boys were there at first? Answers: (a) (b) There were 741 men and women in a room. When # of the men and 4 of the women left the room, there were twice as many women as men who remained in the room. (a) How many women were there in the room at first? (b) How many men were there in the room at first? Answers: (a) (b) 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book S © Singapore Asa Publishers Pie LidJoel, Zack, Alvin, Linda and Adeline scored an average mark of 87 ina mathematics test. Joel, Zack and Alvin had an average mark of 85. Linda, Adeline and Zack had an average mark of 88. Linda and Adeline had the same mark. (a) How many marks did Zack score? (b) Find the total mark scored by Joel and Alvin. Answers: (a) (b) Number of Units Used | Amount Ast 1000 or less $2.20 Next 1000 or less $2.50 Next 1000 or less $2.80 Next 1000 or less $3.00 The table shows the amount paid when electricity is used. Tom’s household meter showed 1045 units at the beginning of January. By the end of January, it showed 4090 units. (a) How much did he have to pay at the end of January? (b) Tom paid $7.50 at the end of February. What was the maximum number of units that could be shown on the household meter at the end of February? 101 Must-Kaow Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 Answers: (a) (o) ‘© Singapore Asia Publishers te Lid4 of the sweets in box A were equivalent to 3 of the sweets in box B. 240 sweets from box B were taken out and box A then had three times as many sweets as box B. (@) What was the total number of sweets in the two boxes at first? (b) How many sweets would have to be taken out from box A so that there would be } as many sweets in box A as in box B? Answers: (a) (b) There were 156 men and women at a party. 3 of the men and 24 women left the party. There was then an equal number of men and women at the Party. (a) How many men were at the party at first? (b) How many women were at the party at first? Answers: (a) (b) 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers te LidMachine A can produce 7500 biscuits a day. This is 240 fewer biscuits than what machine B can produce in a day. 20 biscuits are placed in a pack and thereafter 1000 packs of biscuits will be placed in a box. @ If both machines A and B are used, how many packs of biscuits will there be after a week? (b) How many complete boxes of biscuits will there be after a week? Answers: (a) (b) The table below shows the price of greeting cards sold at a shop. Linda bought 4 sets of greeting cards, Benjamin bought twice the number of sets she bought and Kelly bought 9 more sets of greetings cards than Benjamin. (@) How much did each of them pay for their greeting cards? (b) How much could they save if they bought the greeting cards together? Answers: (a) Benjamin: Linda: Kelly: (b) © Singapore Asia Publishers ie LitEugene is 15 years old. His sister is 3 his age. The ratio of his sister's age to their mother’s age is 3 : 14. (@) How much older is Eugene's mother than him? (b) In how many years’ time will Eugene's mother be twice his age? Answers: (a) (b) Machine A and machine B made pineapple tarts at a rate of 120 tarts per minute and 90 tarts per minute respectively. After } hour, machine A was stopped until machine B made the same number of tarts as machine A. Machine A was then started again. (a) How long was machine A stopped? (b) How many more tarts could machine A produce if it was not stopped? Answers: (a) (b) 101 Mast-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers te LidLydia spent 4 of her money in a shop, gave } of the remainder to her mother and saved the rest. If she bought 2 handbags that cost $74 each and a wallet that cost $56, (a) how much more did Lydia save than spent? (b) If Lydia saved another $136 more, what fraction of her money would she have saved? Answers: (a) (v) Samuel spent 4 of his salary and gave } of the remainder to his wife. His daughters, Beatrice, Felicia and Joyce shared the rest of the money in the ratio 1 : 3 : 2. If Felicia received $1080, (@) what was Samuel's salary? (b) How many percent more did Samuel spend than give to his wife? Answers: (a) (b) YE RAE 105364680 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pie LidTom spent $1650 in January, which was 40% of the salary he earned that month. He saved the rest of his salary. In February, his salary increased by 20% and he saved $190 more in February than in January. (a) How much did he save in February? (b) How much did he spend in February? Answers: (a) (b) A tank with a square base of sides 10 cm was 3 filled with water. } the amount of water was poured into an empty container filling it to the brim. 4 of the amount of water in the container was poured into a basin which was already 4 filled with 700 cm‘ of water. The basin then became 4 full. (a) What was the original water level in the tank? (b) What was the height of the tank? Answers: (a) (b) 101 Ms-Know Ch ‘Maths Word Problems Boo © Singapore Asia Publishers te LidCleo wanted to buy 16 similarly priced T-shirts but she was $8 short. If she had bought 7 such T-shirts instead, she would have $19 left. (a) What was the cost of 2 such T-shirts? (b) How much money did Cleo have? Answers: (a) ——_______ Oe Cindy spent } of her money on food and 4 on transport. 44 of the remainder was given to her brother and the rest was saved. Her brother spent all the money on a watch and three similar books in the ratio 5 : 2. If each book cost $8, (@) how much did Cindy spend on transport? (b) how much did Cindy save? Answers: (a) (b) 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book ‘© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidA container measures 18 cm by 22 cm by 30 cm, It is } filled with water. Water from a jug is then poured into the container, increasing the volume of water in the container by 4 its original volume. (a) How much more water is needed to fill the container completely? (b) After the water from the jug is added, water then flows from a tap at a tate of 660 cm’ per minute into the container. How long will it take to fill up the container to the brim? Answers: (a) (b) Agnes gave # of her money to charity and + of her money to her son. Of the remainder, she spent $20 on a watch and $17 on a book. Her son spent $24 and saved the rest. The amount of money he spent and saved was in the ratio 3:7. (a) How much money had Agnes left in the end? (b) How much money did Agnes have at first? Answers: (a) ———____—— (b) 101 Must-Kaow Challegiag Maths Word Problems Book 5 @ ‘© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte LidMrs Wise spent 4 of her money in a shop. She bought a watch for $180 and a necklace. She then gave 3 of the remainder to her son who spent } of the money on a pair of roller skates that cost $150. (a) How much had Mrs Wise left? (b) How much did Mrs Wise spend on the necklace? Answers: (a) (b) Mark, Andrew and Dick shared a sum of money. Mark had $480 more than. Andrew. Dick had thrice as much as Mark. When Dick used $600, the total amount of money that Dick and Andrew had was $1500. (a) How much did each boy have at first? (6) How much did the boys have altogether? Answers: (a) Andrew: Mark: Dick: (b) 101 Muse-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asa Publisers Pre LidRyan and Sally shared some money. When Ryan gave Sally 4 of his money, Sally had four times as much money as him. If they had a total of $297, (a) how much did each of them have at first? (b) how much more did Sally have than Ryan in the end? Answers: (a) Ryan: Sally: (b) Carol spent 30% of her money on 3 blouses and 2 skirts which cost $288 altogether. Each blouse cost % as much as a skirt. (a) How much money did she have at first? (b) How much more did a skirt cost than a blouse? Answers: (a) (b) 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte LidMr Crawford had a piece of land. 60% of it was used to build a house. } of the remaining land was used to construct a garden. The perimeter of the garden was 96 m. If its length was 32 m, (@) find the area of the original piece of land. (b) How much bigger was the area used to build the house than the garden? Answers: (a) (b) Joanne has some money. She can buy either 15 pencils or 9 pens with all her money. She buys 10 pencils for $24 and some pens with the remaining amount of money. (a) How much does a pen cost? (b) How many pens does she buy? Answers: (a) (b)132 people went for dinner. Sof them paid $40.60 each: and 4of the remaining people paid $50 each. The rest paid $55.20 each. The organisers realised that they were still $110 short. (a) What was the total cost of the dinner? (b) If everyone shared the cost of the dinner equally, how much would each person pay? Answers: (a) (b) Shawn, Jeffrey and Tony have some money. Shawn and Jeffrey have $150 altogether. If Shawn receives $30 more from his mother, he will have the same amount of money as Jeffrey and Tony will have } of what Shawn has. (a) How much money does Shawn have? (b) How much money does Tony have? Answers: (a) (b) Singapore Aa Pabst BOS o $F TERRE 105364650Andrew finished typing 8 similar sets of notes in 3 hours. If his typing speed increased to 60 words per minute, he would have finished typing the same sets of notes 2 hours faster. (a) What was Andrew's original typing speed? (b) If he wanted to finish 10 such sets of notes in 2.5 hours, how fast would he have to type per minute? Answers: (a) (b) The breadth of a rectangular tank was tits length. The ratio of the length to its height was 7 : 3. When the tank was } full, the height of the water level was 9 cm. (a) Find the capacity of the tank. (b) How long does it take for a tap that flows at 7 litres per minute to fill up the tank completely? (Round off your answer to the nearest minute) Answers: (a) (b) lenging Maths Word Problems Book 520% of the cards in a box are red. The number of blue cards is } the number of red cards, The remaining 150 cards are made up of green and white cards. There are % as many green cards as white cards. (@) What percentage of the cards in the box are green? (b) How many cards are there altogether? Answers: (a) (b) The original price of a refrigerator was $1700. Sylvia bought it at a discount of 20% and had 4 of her money left. She then spent 30% of the money left on a television. (@) How much was the cost of the refrigerator after the discount? (b) How much did Sylvia spend on the television? Answers: (a) (b) 101 Mus-Kuow Challenging Maths Woed Problems Hook 5 ‘© Singapore Asia Publishers Pe Ld“eee in TAs 5 y Word Problems : \CELEBRATING AD YEARRTI Tin yep olt £3 ifoJi) a Step 1: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Find the total number of children when there were 24 groups and 25 groups 24 groups —» 24 x 16 = 384 25 groups —+ 25 x 18 = 450 : Find the number of children who formed the new group 450 - 384 = 66 Find the respective number of boys and girls in the new group 11 units — 66 1 unit — 66 +11 =6 boys: 5 units — 5 x 6 = 30 gitls : 6 units — 6 x 6 = 36 Find the number of girls at first 384 - 220 = 164 Find the number of boys and girls in the end boys : 220 + 30 = 250 girls : 164 + 36 = 200 Find how many more boys than girls there were in the end 250-200 = 50 There were 50 more boys than girls in the end. -Kow Challeni © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Lid ing Maths Word Problems Solution to Question Step 1: | Step 2: Step 3: Draw a model ' Find the value of 1 unit 3 units + 90 1 unit + 90 + 3 = 30 Find the number 10 units — 10 x 30 = 300 The number is 300. Answer: 300. Solution to Question a | Step 1: Find the cost of a set of 4 bouquets of orchids and 1 bouquet of roses 4 x $25 = $100 $100 + $30 = $130 Step 2: Find the number of such sets of flowers { ‘the florist has to sell in order to earn $390 $390 + $130 = 3 sets Step 3: Find the number of orchids and roses the florist sells ‘orchids: 4 bouquets x 20 = 80 3 sets x 80 = 240 roses: 1 bouquet x 10 = 10 3 sets x 10 = 30 Step 4; Find the total number of flowers the florist sells altogether 240 + 30 = 270 She sells 270 flowers altogether. Answer: _270 flowers _jon to Question) eS Solution to Question 8 Step 1: Draw a model Step 1; Draw models to compare the number | of guests in the two hotels ‘Step 2: Find the value of 1 unit i S units — 120 | 1 unit + 120 + 5 = 24 | | + Zo quests = 2 units + 260 $oof guests = 1 + 130 Step 2: Re-draw the model to compare the units Step 3: Find the number of sweets Ivan and Ken had at first FNS CANS HARA TY SEAT SN TE Ivan : 6 units — 6 x 24 = 144 | Elna Ivan had 144 sweets at first. | Ken : 14 units — 14 x 24 = 336 Step 3 : Find the number of guests in Hotel A 130 x 5 = 650 13 units —+ 6500 - 650 = 5850 j 1 unit — 5850 + 13 = 450 | 8 units — 8 x 450 = 3600 Ken had 336 sweets at first. Hotel A had 3600 guests at first. Answers: Ivan: 144 sweets Ken: 336 sweetsStep 2: Find the number of sweets in each box in the end 900 + 3 = 300 Find the number of sweets in box C at first 300 + 2= 150 3x 150 = 450 450-5 = 445 Step 3: There were 445 sweets in box C at first. Step 4: Find the number of sweets in box B at first 300 - 18 = 282 282 + 5 = 287 There were 287 sweets in box B at first. Step 5 : Find the number of sweets in box A at first 300 - 150 = 150 150 + 18 = 168 ‘There were 168 sweets in box A at first. Answers: Box A: 168 sweets Box B: 287 sweets Box C: 445 sweets Dboys fin Ese | girls | 7 | d: disqualified | Step 2: Find how many more girls than boys were left | 15 units —» 135 | lunit + 135+ 15=9 i Sunits + 5x 9= 45 | 4S more gis than boys were eft. | Answer: 45 more girls STOTT SL etl ts if) Step 1; Find the fraction of lemons in 1 bag and 1 container Find the fraction of lemons in 3 sae 1 3 containers: Step 2: 2 3 containers and 1 bag: : Find the total number of ler Total = 40 units 14 units — 63 j Lunit + 63 + 14=45 | 40 units ++ 40 x 4.5 = 180 | Mrs Walker had 180 lemons. | Answer: 180 lemons 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Lid #RTC mel asic) wi ae cotta gl Step 1: Draw a model Step 1: Draw a model Andy : Betty aCe nasi 16: 10 (After Andy bought Megan Olivia A more Ducal z Before Andy t = "Step 2: Find the amount Megan donated va 28 | $100 - $24 = $76 ty TT unit — $76 Step 3 : Find the total amount of money at first 1 Qunits + 9 x $71 5684, $684 + $24 + $32 = $740 Step 2: Find the number of biscuits Betty had to buy 12 units — 24 | Tee oie | The sum of money was $740. | 6units + 6x2=12 Step 3: Find the number of packs of biscuits Betty had to buy | 12+6=2 | Betty would have to buy 2 packs of biscuits | so that they would have the same number of biscuits in the end. | Answer: _2 packs of biscuits Answer: _$740 101 Must-Kaow Challeng Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers te LidSolution to Question n Step 1: Draw a model butter : chocolate number of | chocolate chip 73% (2:2).| Ss 14:6 remain the same Step 2 : Find the number of butter cookies left 3 units — 24 lunit— 24+3=8 IL units— 11 x 8 = 88 Find the number of chocolate chip cookies 6 units + 6 x 8 = 48 Step 3: Find the number of bags used for each type of cookies Butter cookies: 88 + 4 = 22 ‘Chocolate chip cookies: 48 + 4 = 12 Step 4: She had 22 bags of butter cookies and 12 bags of chocolate chip cookies. Answers: 22 bags of butter cookies 12 bags of chocolate chip cookies os Step 1; Find the number of yellow toy cars i | | 26-12=14 | step2: Find the total number of blue and | yellow toy cars | 26+14=40 Step 3: Draw a model | red yellow and blue % Step 4: Find the number of red toy cars Sunits — 40 Lunit — 40+5=8 3units + 3 x 8=24 There were 24 red toy cars. Answer: 24 red toy cars Step 2: Find how many more oranges than apples there were 15 units -» 900 unit — 900 + 15 = 60 3 units — 3 x 60 = 180 There were 180 more oranges than apples at first. Answer: _180 more oranges ‘Must-Know Challenging Mal Word Problems Ros Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidStep 1: Draw a model | Step 1: Compare the ratios oranges : papayas i Step 2: Find the entries from P3 | Pa 28 + 30= 58 nag Oe P1+P2+2 units of P3 = 58 | 3( 2 2 units of P3 = 58 - 48, i 9:10 =10 | es L unit of P3 = 10+ 2 ! (2 unit more papayas than oranges) =5 i Sep 3 ne oe | Step 2: Find the number of oranges in the i basket at first There were 53 entries altogether. j Lunit — 16 Answer: _S8 entries | or Step 1 : Find the percentage of Chinese students in the kindergarten 100% - 12% = 88% ‘Step 2; Find the number of Chinese students 88% ~ 12% = 76% There are 192 oranges and 320 papayas in the 76% — 912 basket at first. 1% —+ 912 + 76 = 12 88% —- 88 x 12 = 1056 Step 3 : Find the number of Malay students 1056-912 = 144 Step 4 : Find the number of Chinese girls 100% — 1056 50% —+ 1056 + 2 = 528 Step 5 : Find the number of Malay girls i 100% ~ 12.5% = 87.5% { 100% —» 144 1% — 144 + 100 = 1.44 87.5% + 87.5 x 1.44 = 126 Step 6: Find the total number of girls in the kindergarten 528 + 126 = 654 There are 654 girls in the kindergarten. | Answers: 192 oranges Answer: _654 girls | 320 papayas 12 units + 12 x 16 = 192 Step 3: Find the number of papayas in the basket at first 20 units — 20 x 16 = 320 | i 10] Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 [© Singapore Asia Publishers te LidSolution to Question or Solution to Question o Step 1: Compare the ratios Step 1; Draw a model Terence : Cynthia | wa Golo des oo aaa 227 | 1 | Gite bio: ar) ee aT | Step 2: Find the number of balloons that — Mfter Terence had at first | = Sy Sunits + 15 lunit + 15+ 15 units + 15 x 3= 45 Step 3: Find the number of balloons that Cynthia had at first | = Pease \ Step 2 Fad the otal numer of rare | Terence had 45 balloons and Cynthia had 81 anes balloons at first. Lunit + 36 +3=12 Answers: Terence: See | units 12 x 12= 144 “Solution to Question | Step 1 : Find the percentage of pears 100% — 60% = 40% Step 2:: Find the percentage of fruit that were not sold Pears: 100% - 70% = 30% Oranges: 100% ~ 40% = 60% Step 3: Find the total percentage of fruit that were not oe Pears: 1p ee = 12% They have 144 marbles altogether. Oranges: {Bx 00% = 36% } 12% + 36% = 48% | Step 4: Find the total number of fruit he had at first ; 48% — 240 | 1% — 240 + 48 = 5 j 100% — 100 x 5 = 500 Mr Willis had 500 fruit at first. Answer: 500 fruit Answer: 144 marblesSolution to Question m Step 1: Find the number of pink and green shirts. ‘rts: 20, Pink shirts: 295 x 750 = 150 Green shirts: #185 x 750 = 135 Step 2: Draw a model 190 ht oo TT Step 3 : Find the number of yellow shirts 750 - 150 - 135 - 85 = 380 2 units — 380 1 unit — 380 +2 = 190 Find the number of black shirts 190 + 85 = 275 Step 4: Step 5: Find the number of black and green shirts 275 + 135 = 410 The total number of black and green shirts in the box was 410. Answer: 410 black and green shirts BOTT cee lle sito nm | | | | 1 | | | | Step 1 : Find the number of apples in baskets A and B AandB : C 6 Fe 2 parts— 112 1 part—+ 112 +2= 56 6 parts 6 x 56 = 336 Find the value of 1 unit A : B Bobelerees 8 units + 336 Lunit — 336 + 8 = 42 Step 2: Find how many moxe apples there are in A than in B units + 2 x 42 = 84 Step 3: There are 84 more apples in A than in B. Step 1: Draw a model 2 oe red blue green Step 2: Find the value of 1 unit 24+ 40=64 Step 3 : Find the total number of rubber bands Lunit + 64 Sunits + 5 x 64 = 320 There were 320 rubber bands altogether. Answer: _320 rubber bands 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Woed Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asa Publishers Pte Lid —Solution to Question B SIDE a Step 1: Draw a model jane , Poiip [i Step 2 : Find the number of coins each of them had 9 units + 27 coins Philip: 1 unit 27 +9 =3 coins Jamie: 2 units —- 2 x 3 = 6 coins Francis: 10 units + 10 x 3 = 30 coins Step 3 : Find the amount of money each of them Philip: 3 x SO¢ = 150¢ Jamie: 6 x $1 = $6 Francis: 30 x 20¢ = 600¢ = $6 Step 4: Find the total amount of money they had $1.50 + $6 + $6 = $13.50 They had $13.50 altogether. Answer: $13.50 EEEIEI OF Step 1 : Find the percentage of pies in box B 100% - 40% = 60% Step 2 : Find the number of pies in box B 100% — 75% = 25% (ofthe total in box B) 25% — 12 196 — 12 +25 = 0.48 100% — 100 x 0.48 = 48, There are 48 pies in box B. Step 3 : Find the total number of pies in both boxes 60% —+ 48 19% —+ 48 + 60=08 100% —+ 100 x 08 = 80 The total number of pies in both boxes was 80. Answer: 80 pies TT els TS) 8 | j | Step 1 : Draw a model Juliana 20 kg unit — 20 kg +4 =Skg 10 units — 10 x 5 kg = 50 kg Find the total mass of the 3 bags when they are empty 50 kg + 24 kg = 74 kg 114 kg - 74 kg = 40 kg The total mass of the 3 bags is 40 kg when they are empty. Answer: 40 kg So Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Find the amount of sand poured into the container 4 x 2520 cm? = 504 cm? Find the total amount of sand in the container 504 cm’ + 7112 cm’ = 7616 cm? Find the base area of the container 16 cm x 28 cm = 448 cm? Find the height of the sand in the container in the end 7616 cm} + 448 cm? = 17 cm The height of the sand in the container was 17 cm in the end. Answer: 17 cm STITT ie TEES iT) 0 | | | | | Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Find the area of shaded portion in the rectangle ABEG shaded : unshaded 5 opted. 8 units 8 units — 152 cm? unit — 152 cm? +8 Sunits — S x 19 cm? = 95 cm? 19 cm? Find the area of the unshaded triangle CDE 4 * 152 cm? = 38 cm? Find the area of the unshaded triangle AGF 3 units — 3 x 19 cm? = 57 cm? Find the area of the shaded triangle BCE Area of ABCE : Area of AAGF 3 : 2 2units — 57 cm? 1 unit — 57 cm? + 2 = 28.5 cm* 3 units — 3 x 28.5 cm? = 85.5 cm? Find the difference between the area of shaded and unshaded portions of the figure Total area of the shaded portions = 95 cm? + 85.5 cm? = 180.5 cm? Total area of the unshaded portions = 57 cm? + 38 cm? = 95 cm? 180.5 cm? - 95 cm?= 85.5 cm? The difference between the area of the shaded portions and the unshaded portions of the figure is 85.5 cm? Answer: _85.5 cm? 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 ‘© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Lida Step 1: Draw a model | th oh TT | | or breech Step 2 : Find the cost of a book and 2 rulers | seta OD Sea "Step 2: Find the length and breadth Step 3: Draw another model | cae cot $4930 (aie Tae) ara ie ‘ | Breadth: 3 x 14cm = 42cm | $20.70 | Step 3: Find the area of rectangle Step 4 : Find the cost of a book and a ruler } Area of rectangle = Length x Breadth = = i = 98.cm x 42 cm $40.30 - $20.70 = $19.60 See The cost of a book and a ruler was $19.60. | Answer: _ $19.60, | Step 4: Find the area of triangle | ase of triangle = 98 ant 2 50) nto Question a Step 1: Find the volume of water in the tank 12. cm x 16 cm x 24 cm = 4608 cm’ 2 x 4608 cm* = 3072. cm? Area of triangle = 4 x Base x Height =} x 49cm x 42cm = 1029 cm? Step 5: Find the area of the shaded portion 4116 cm? — 1029 cm? = 3087 cm? Step 2: Find the volume of water poured into the basin 3072 cm! +2 = 1536 cm? |The area of the shaded portion is 3087 cm?. | Step 3: Find the capacity of the basin 2 units — 1536 cm? 1 unit — 1536 cm® + 2 = 768 cm? S units — 5 x 768 cm’ = 3840 cm? The capacity of the basin is 3840 cm’. Answer: 3840 cm* 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book § (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pie Lid Answer: _3087 cm?ios Solutionto Question | J Step 1: Find the volume of water in the tank i Step 1: Find the unknown lengths | me : eae i when it is 3 filled Gs $1 Wounasge | 25 cm x 18 cm x 30cm = 13 500. cm? IG = 3x 18cm=72cn x 13 500 cm* = 8100 cm’ Gr = 3x HF Step 2: Find the volume of water in the tank when it is half-full HF = GF + 3= 48cm x 3=8cm 13 500 cm + 2 = 6750 cm? Step 3: Find the volume of water left in the tank when some water was taken out to fill the two containers 6750 cm? ~ 950 cm? = 5800 cm? Step 4: Find the volume of water poured into BF =BG+GF=12an+48cm=168cm | | tCadx 18cm =9cm | Step 2: Find the respective areas in the figure 2300 cm? + 2 = 1150. cm? teres the 2 similar containers Area of AABF = 5 x Base x Height 8100 cm’ ~ 5800 cm* = 2300 cm? = x AF x BF | Step 5: Find the capacity of each container 4x18 cm x 168.cm |The capacity of each container is 1150 cm’. | Answer: 1150 cm* | 3*9 5 units—3units=2units orange Sunits + 15m. i | | 1 Step 2: Find how many more red marbles there 2units + 2x 3m=6m were than white marbles Base: 18 m+ 3=6m oie Step 3: Find the area of 3 triangles i White 20% Area of triangle = 3 x Base x Height | a ee 1 j a pa nomaom ! 1% — 350 + 100 = 35 | 20% — 3.5 x 20= 70 | | There were 70 more red marbles than white Step 4: marbles. Step 5: Find the area of shaded portion Area of shaded portion = 270 m? — 54 m? =216m* ‘Step 6: Find the ratio of the area of the shaded portion to the area of the small rectangle Area of shaded portion : Area of small rectangle 216 : 270 4 £ 5 The ratio of the area of the shaded portion to the area of the small rectangle is 4: 5. Answer: _70 more red marbles_ {01 Ma ny Chain Mat lbs Bak 5 & JERE 105364680Solution to Question Step 1: Draw a model and find the number of Chinese books Solution to Question Cy Step 1: Find the amount of 1% of flour 20% + 25% — 72 kg 45% — 72 kg 19% —» 72 kg + 45 = 16 kg Step 2: Find the remaining amount of flour 100% - 45% = 55% 55% —+ 55 x 1.6 kg = 88 kg Step 3: Find how many 3-kg and 2-kg bags there were 7 sold 100% 9 units + 72 Lunit + 72+9=8 10 units —» 10 x 8 = 80 Ca es | FSi | ‘Step 2: Find the number of Malay books 88 kg +8 kg = 11 sets ie Chinese books : Malay books 11 sets of 8 kg i 4 : 3 11 3-kg bags + 11 3-kg bags + 11 2-kg bags | = 22 3-kg bags + 11 2-kg bags 1 4 parts + 80 There were 22 bags of 3-kg flour and 11 bags 1 part + 80 +4 = 20 of 2-kg flour. Answer: 22 bags of 3-kg flour and 11 bags of 2-kg flour Solution to Question 8 Step 1: Find the cost of the television set during the sale 3 parts ~> 3 x 20 = 60 Step 3: Find the number of English books 100% — 20% = 80% Chinese + Malay books = 80 + 60 = 140 80% — 140 1% — 140 + 80=175 20% —+ 20 x 1.75 = 35 16 x $120 = $1920 $1920 + $300 = $2220 Step 2: Draw a model cos hala alain) a $2220 Step 3: Find the cost of the television set after the sale | 80% —» $2220 i 1% —+ $2220 + 80 = $27.75 i i There were 35 English books, 80 Chinese books and 60 Malay books in the box at first. 105% — 105 x $27.75 = $2913.75 i Answers: English: _ 35 The television set was $291375 after the sale, Chinese: 80 Answer: $2913.75 - Malay: 60 -Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia PublishersSolution to Question cy SST TST TTAT Tey) ct Step 1: Find the remaining percentage of the Step 1: Find the amount of the remaining students in a class H money 100% - 40% = 60% | savings : money to his mother | Sentit 2 Step2: Find the percentage of students who | S.units — 2. units = 3 units el ! 3 units -+ $210 FRx MM = 12% | 1 unit + $210 + 3 = $70 7 units — 7 x $70 = $490 Step 3: Find the percentage of students who joined the choir Step 2:: Find his weekly salary 60% - 12% = 48% i 100% - 20% = 80% | 80% —+ $490 Step 4 : Find the total number of students teen eae enee 100% — 100 « $6.125 36% > 108 = $612.50 1% — 108 + 36=3 | LOPS +1008 = 200 Step 3: Find the amount of money he spent on | food each week Step 5: Find how many fewer students joined 100% — $612.50 Oo A a | 1% —+ $612.50 + 100 = $6.125 48% - 40% = 8% | 20% —> 20 x $6.125 = $122.50 8% x 300 = 78, x 300 = 24 | He spent $122.50 on food each week. 24 fewer students joined the Art Club than the choir. Answer: _24 fewer students Answer: _ $122.50 101 Most-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 ‘© Singapore Asia Publishers te LidRES |W Solution to Question | Step 1: Find the total number of women at first and after 72 women entered the Step 1: Find ZABE swimming complex i ZABE = 180° - 90° - 50° wecnen at frst | = 40° (sum of all 2s in a triangle) __ Step 2: Find 2PBC | ZPBC = 90° ~ 40° ~ 42° ee -* n Step 3: 1 unit — 72 units — 72 x 3= 216 (at sist) 216 + 72 = 288 (after 72 women entered) Step 2: Find the the number of men at first 60% — 216 1% — 216 + 60=36 | 100% — 100 x 3.6 = 360 i i Step 4: = 59° (isosceles triangle) 360 - 216 = 144 Answer: _59°_ There were 144 men at first. Answer: _ 144 men | Step 1 : Find the percentage of muffins sold and Solution to Question j given to her children | 100% — 15% — 20% - 10% = 55% Step 1: Find zy | 66 + 22 = 3 muffins 100% —» 100 x 3 = 300 muffins Step 3 : Find Zz ZEDC = 37° + 32° (@) Mrs Cox made 300 muffins. = 69 ZEXD = 32° (alternate angles in a Step 3 : Find the amount of money she collected trapezium) 3 x 55% = 33% 22 = 180 -37°-32° i 33% — 33 x 3= 99 muffins 180" — 69° 9 x $1.40 = $138.60 11° (sum of all Zs in a triangle) |b) Mrs Cox collected $138.60. 4 i Answers: (a)_300 muffins a i (0) 5138.00, 101 Must-Kaow Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pre LidSolution to Question ie Solution to Question in Step 1: Draw a model Step 1: Draw a model $5970 | Step 2: Find the price of the television set during the sale $5970 — $4980 = $990 Step 3: Find the original price of the television sta); Find the numberof girls at fist 11 units — 1518 Lunit + 1518 + 11 = 138 Sunits — 5 x 138 = 690 80% — $990 1% — $990 + 80 = $12.375 100% — 100 x $12.375 = $1237.50 (@) The original price of the television set was (@)_ There were 690 girls at first. $1237.50. Step 3: Find the number of boys at first Step 4 : Find the price of a computer during the a si y 6 units + 6 x 138 = 828 $4980 + 2 = $2490 (b) There were 828 boys at first. Step 5 : Find the original price of a computer 60% — $2490 1% — $2490 + 60 = $41.50 100% — 100 x $41.50 = $4150 (©) The original price of a computer was $4150, Answers: (a)_ $1237.50 (b) $4150 Answers: (a) _ 690 girls (by 828 boys” 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 {© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte LidSTITT mel sia) Bh Tomo eat B Step 1; Draw a model Step 2:: Find the number of women in the room at first 13 units + 741 1 unit — 741 + 13 = 57 6 units — 6 x 57 = 342 (a) There were 342 women in the room at first. Step 3 : Find the number of men in the room at first 7 units + 7 x 57 = 399 (b) There were 399 men in the room at first. Answers: (a) 342 women (b)_399'men_ UT eesti mn Step 1 : Find the total mark scored by Joel, Zack, Alvin, Linda and Adeline 5x 87 = 435 Step 2: Find the total mark scored by Joel, Zack Alvin 3x 85 = 255 Step 3: Find the total mark scored by Linda Step 4: Find the total mark scored by Linda, Adeline and Zack 3 x 88 = 264 Step 5: Find the mark scored by Zack 264 ~ 180 = 84 (@) Zack scored 84 marks. Step 6 : Find the total mark scored by Joel and Alvin 255-84 = 171 (bv) The total mark scored by Joel and Alvin was 171. Answer: (a) _ 84 marks (b) _ 171 marks i | | Step 1: Find the number of units Tom used in January 4090 units ~ 1045 units = 3045 units Step 2: Find the amount of money he had to pay at the end of January 1000 units — $2.20 2000 units + $2.20 + $2.50 3000 units — $2.20 + $2.50 + $2.80 3045 units —- $2.20+§2.50+$2.80+$3.00 = $10.50 (@) He had to pay $10.50 at the end of January. Step 3: Find the units shown on the household meter at the end of February $7.50 = $2.20 + $2.50 + $2.80 4090 units + 3000 units = 7090 units (b) The maximum number of units that could be shown on the household meter at the end of February was 7090 units. Answers: (a) _ $10.50. 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers te Lid (b) 7090 units_ 0Step 2: Find the total number of sweets in the boxes at first 6 units — 240 1 unit — 240+ 6=40 ‘14 units + 14 x 40 = 560 (@) The total number of sweets in the boxes at first was S60. Step 3 : Draw another model Box B: 2 units + 2 x 40 = 80 box aA fi + Find the number of sweets to be left in box A in the end 1 4% 80=20 Step 4: Step 5: Find the number of sweets that would have to be taken out from box A Box A: 6 units — 240 240 - 20 = 220 (b) 220 sweets would have to be taken out from box A so that there would be 4. as many sweets in box A as in box B. Answers: (a) _560 sweets (b)_220sweets mE Step 1: Draw a model Step 2: Find the number of men who left the Party 11 units —- 156 - 24 = 132 lunit — 132 + 11 = 12 Step 3 : Find the number of men at the party 6 units 6 x 12=72 (@)_ 72men were at the party at first. | Step 4: Find the number of women at the Sunits + 5 x 12=60 60 + 24 = 84 (b) 84 women were at the party at first. i Answers: (a)_72 men. i (b) _84 women. {01 Nets Changing Mt ep robes Book 1 NE 105564650RTC meen sa alg w Step 1: Find the total number of biscuits machine A can produce in a week 7 x 7500 = 52 500 Step2: Find the total number of biscuits machine B can produce in a week 7500 + 240 = 7740 7 x 7740 = 54 180 ‘Step 3: Find the number of packs of biscuits after a week 52 500 + 54 180 = 106 680 106 680 + 20 = 5334 (@) There will be $334 packs of biscuits after a week. Step 4: Find the number of complete boxes of biscuits after a week 5334 + 1000 = 5.334 = 5 boxes (b) There will be 5 complete boxes of biscuits after a week. Answers: (a) _5334 packs of biscuits (b) _5 complete boxes of biscuits | | I Step 1: Draw a model Linda Benjamin Kelly Step 2: Find the amount of money each of them paid for their greeting cards Benjamin : 8 x $13 = $104 Linda : 4 x $15.50 = $62 Kelly : 17 x $12 = $204 (@) Benjamin paid $104, Linda paid $62 and Kelly paid $204 for their greeting cards. Step 3: Find the total amount of money they paid altogether $62 + $104 + $204 = $370 Find the amount of money they could save if they bought the greeting cards together 4 sets + 8 sets + 17 sets = 29 sets 29 x $8 = $232 $370 — $232 = $138 Step 4: (b) They could save $138 if they bought the greeting cards together. Answers: (a) Benjamin: $104 _ inda: $62 Kelly: $204 _ (b) $138 101 Must-Kaow Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pe Lid ———Step 1 : Find the age of his sister Sister: 3 x 15=9 Step 2 : Find the age of his mother sister mother 3 2 4 3units +9 Lunit +9+3=3 14 units — 14 x 3 = 42 Step 3: Find how much older is Eugene’s mother than him 42-15=27 (@) Eugene's mother is 27 years older than him. Step 4: Draw a model and find the number of years needed for his mother to be twice the age of Eugene ? 1s a ont aT) 27 -15=12 @ Eugene's mother will be twice his age in 22 years’ time, Answers: (a) _27 years older (b) 12 years’ time Step 1: Find the number of minutes equivalent to hour 3 x 60 minutes = 45 minutes Find the number of tarts that machines A Step 2: and 8 could make in 3 hour Machine A: 120 x 45 minutes = 5400 Machine B: 90 x 45 minutes = 4050 Find the length of time machine A was stopped 5400 - 4050 = 1350 1350 + 90 = 15 minutes Step 3: (@) Machine A was stopped for 15 minutes. __ Step 4: Find how many more tarts machine A could make if it was not stopped 1 minute — 120 15 minutes + 15 x 120 = 1800 (b) Machine A could produce 1800 more tarts if it was not stopped. Answers: (a) _15 minutes (b) _ 1800 tarts {01 MawKow Changing Maths Wor oles Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publ aSolution to Question 2 RST Lee melt23 eel 3 Step 1: Find the total amount of money Samuel's daughters received Beatrice : Felicia : Joyce presen Sree 3 units + $1080 1 unit — $1080 + 3 = $360 6 units — 6 x $360 = $2160 Step 1: Find the amount of money Lydia spent $74 + $74 + $56 = $204 Step 2: Draw a model $204 (P22 ow oe fst ae, ; Se nd ee ae erie: hn spent . — salen = 3 units — $204 ‘d: daughters: Lunit — $204 +3 = see 2 units —+ 2 x $68 = $136 Step 3: Find Samuel's salary (@) Lydia saved $136 more than what she hud aunts S210) spent. 6 units + 6 x $1080 = $6480 Step 4: Find the fraction of money she would (a) Samuel's salary was $6480. have saved $136 > 2 units | Step 4: Find how many percent more Samuel spent than amount given to his wife S units + 2 units = 7 units | | ference n amcunt of mney be spent and given tis WH. rey99g, Total Amount of money saved _ 7 | Totalameant of meney Total it of Ey: _ $2160 ‘otal amount of money | = 22150. 100% | 2100. 33) | = 3% = 593% | Z (b) She would have saved 9 of her money. (©) Samuel spent 333% more than what he j gave his wife. Answers: (a) _$6480 1 333% Answers: (a)_ $136 £ oy Sa (b)STUNT U Monel read 7 Solution to Ques 8 Step 1 : Find Tom's salary in January "Step 1; Find the capacity of the basin 40% —+ $1650 J filled —- 700 cm? 1% —+ $1650 + 40 = $41.25 100% — 100 x $41.25 = $4125 j 3 filled —+ 5 x 700 cm’ = 3500 cm* Step 2: Find the volume of water poured from Step 2: Find Tom's salary in February | the container 3500 cm? + 2 = 1750 cm? 20% —+ 20 x $41.25 = $825 1750 cm? ~ 700 cm* = 1050 cm* $4125 + $825 = $4950 Step 3: Find the capacity of the container 2 of container —+ Step 3 : Find the amount of money Tom saved oF container s+ 2059.0 in February; of container —+ 1050 cm? + 2 $4125 ~ $1650 = $2475 = 525 cm? $2475 + $190 = $2665 | 3 of container +3 x 525 cm? = 1575 cm? (@)_He saved $2665 in February. | Step 4: Find the original water level in the tank tank -+ 2 x 1575 cm? = 3150 cm* Volume = Base area x Height i 3150 cm’ = 10 cm x 10 cm x Height $4950 = 52065 = 32285 Height = 3150 cm* + 100 cm* =315cm Step 4: Find the amount of money Tom spent in February b) He ‘$2285 in February. i ieee ape ae | @ The original water level in the tank was | 315 cm. Step 5: Find the height of the tank 3 of tank -» 31.5 cm J of tank -+ 315 om +3 =105cm 4 of tank ~ 4 x 105 cm ' =42cm (b) The height of the tank was 42 cm. i Answers:(a)_ $2665 Answers: (a)_31.5.cm (b) $2285 (b) _42 cm _ 101 Must-:now Challensing Maths Word Problems ook 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Lid PSolution to Question cy ESP Sel T23 ite) oo | Step 1; Draw amodel | Step 1: Find the amount of money Cindy gave to her brother rs (wae ak | sr soe? | Cost of 3 similar books — 3 x $8 Step 2: Find the cost of each T-shirt | $24 16 T-shirts ~ 7 T-shirts + $19 + $8 | tdoal pes prgaeta'!s $27 1 part ~+ $24 +2 $12 1 T-shirt + $27 +9 | pants eax Sumas =83 j i | Step 2: Draw a model Step 3 : Find the cost of 2 such T-shirts j 2 T-shirts —- 2 x $3 = $6 (a) The cost of 2 such T-shirts was $6. Step 4: Find the amount of money Cleo had an aat cae 7 $3= $21 ; $21 + $19 = $40 Step 3: Find the amount of money Cindy spent i ‘on transport (b) Cleo had $40. | 6 units — $84 lunit — $84+6= $14 7 units + 7 x $14 = $98 - @_ indy spent $98 on transport. Step 4 : Find the amount of money Cindy saved | Sunits + 5 « $14 = $70 (b) Candy saved $70, Answers: (a) _$98 Answers: (a)_$6 40 (b) 370 (b) _$ 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pe Lut 4Ee moo Step 1: Find the volume of water in the container at first 18 cm x 22 cm x 30 cm = 11 880 cm? 4 x 11.880 = 5940 cm* Step2: Find the volume of water in the container after some water is poured into it 3 x 5940 cm? = 1980 cm? 1980 cm! + 5940 cm’ = 7920 cm* Step 3: Find the volume of water needed to fill the container 11 880 cm* -~ 7920 cm’ = 3960 cm? (@) 3960_cm* of water is needed to fill the container. Step 4: Find the time needed to fill up the container 3960 cm? + 660 cm*/minute = 6 minutes (b) It will take 6 minutes to fill up the container, Answers: (a) _ 3960 cm? (b) 6 minutes i | Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Find the amount of money given to her son spent : saved Boi ciee 3 parts — $24 1 part —+ $24 +3 = $8 3 parts +7 parts= 10 parts 10 parts + 10 x $8 = $80 Draw a model and find the remaining amount of money after Agnes gave to charity and her son ‘charity son remainder Sunits — $80 1 unit — $80 + 5= $16 3 units — 3 x $16 = $48 Find the amount of money Agnes had left in the end $48 - $20- $17 = $11 (@) Agnes had $11 left in the end. Step 4: Find the amount of money she had at first 14 units + 14 x $16 = $224 (b) Agnes had $224 at first. Answers: (a)_$11 (b) S224 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book ‘© Singapore Asia Publishers te Lidno Selution to Question |] Step 1: Draw a model Mrs Wise (spent ina shop) son Step 2: Find the amount of money Mrs Wise had left 2 units + $150 1 unit — $150 + 2 = $75 6 units — 6 x $75 = $450 (@)_ Mrs Wise had $450 left. Step 3 : Find the amount of money she spent on. the necklace Sunits — 5 x $75 = $375 $375 ~ $180 = $195 ()_ Mrs Wise spent $195 on the necklace. Answers: (a) _$450 (b) 5195 | | | | | | Step 1: Find the total amount of money that Dick and Andrew had at first $1500 + $600 = $2100 Step 2; Draw a model Step 3: Find the amount of money Andrew had at first 3 x $480 = $1440 $2100 - $1440 = $660 units + $660 Andrew: 1 unit —+ $660 +4 = $165 Find the amount of money Mark and Dick had at first Mark: $165 + $480 = $645 Dick: 3 x $645 = $1935 Step 4: (a) Andrew had $165, Mark had $645 and Dick had $1935 at first. Step 5: Find the total amount of money the boys had $165 + $645 + $1935 = $2745 (b) The boys had $2745 altogether. Answers: (a) Andrew: _$165_ Mark: $645 Dick: $1935 (b) $2745 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Pre Lid seSTII licat ery) 2 Step 1: Draw a model 2 sally ? Step 2: Find the amount of money Ryan and Sally had at first 10 units + $297 1 unit — $297 + 10 = $29.70 Ryan: 3 units —+ 3 x $29.70 = $89.10 Sally: 7 units — 7 x $29.70 = $207.90 (@) Ryan had $89.10 and Sally had $207.90 at first. Step 3: Find how much more money Sally had than Ryan in the end 6 units — 6 x $29.70 = $178.20 (b) Sally had $178.20 more than Ryan in the end. Answers: (a) Ryan: _ $89.10 $207.90 (b) 817820 Step 1: Draw a model Step 2: Find the amount of money she had altogether 3 units + $288 1 unit — $288 + 3 = $96 10 units — 10 x $96 = $960 (@) She had $960 at first. | Step 3: Draw another model ewe 1 ou 1 blouse | Step 4: Find how much more a skirt cost than a blouse 16 units — $288 1 unit —+ $288 + 16 = $18 3 units + 3 x $18 = $54 (b) A skirt cost $54 more than a blouse. Answers: (a)_$960 (bo) $54_ | | | Cine area an MAB 105364650: I S2ution to Question | | Step 1: Find the area of garden 2 breadths — 96m -32m-32m=32m Breadth — 32m+2=16m Area of the garden = Length x Breadth =32mx 16m = $12 m? Step 2: Draw a model 1 40% = 40% =10% > Step 3: Find the area of the original piece of Jand 10 units —+ 10 x 512 m? = 5120 m? (a) The area of the original piece of land was 5120 m’. Step 4: Find how much bigger was the area used to build the house than the garden S units + 5 x 512 m?= 2560 m? (b) The area used to build the house was 2560 m? bigger than the garden. Answers: (a) _5120 m? (b) _2560 m? RE | Step 1: Draw a model | 2 pencil Step 2 : Find the amount of money Joanne has 2400¢ + 10 = 2406 ee 15 x 240¢ = 3600¢ e = $36 | | Step 3 : Find the cost of a pen $36 +9=$4 (@) Apen costs $4. Step 4 : Find the number of pens she buys $36 - $24 = $12 $12+$4=3 (b) She buys 3 pens. | | Answers: (a)_ $4 (y) SSpene: 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 ‘© Singapore Asia Publishers te LidSolution to Question 6 SST Celts ity) 7 Step 1: Find the amount of money that half of Step 1: Draw a model the people paid 132 +2 = 66 66 x $40.60 = $2679.60 $150 + $30 | | Step 2 : Find the amount of money that 2 of the remaining people paid 2662 BX = 44 44 x $50 = $2200 Step 2: Find the amount of money Shawn has at first Step 3 : Find the amount of money that 3 of the $150 + $30 = $180 remaining people paid | $180 +2 = $90 3x 66 =22 i $90 - $30 = $60 22 x $55.20 = $1214.40 (a) Shawn has $60. Step 4: Find the total cost of the dinner $2679.60 + $2200 + $1214.40 = $6094 1 | | Step 3 : Find the amount of money Tony has at first $6094 + $110 = $6204 i 3units + $90 | Lunit— $90 +3 (a) The total cost of the dinner was $6204. | = $30 | (b) Tony has $30. Step 5: Find the amount of money each person should paid $6204 + 132 = $47 | (b) Each person should pay $47. i Answers: (a) _$6204 (b) _$47 Otagen ate a0 PKAE 105364680 Answers: (a) _$60 (b) _$30Solution to Question oe Step 1: Find the total number of words in 8 similar sets of notes 3 hours ~ 2 hours = 1 hour 1 hour = 60 minutes aes 60 words x 60 minutes = 3600 words — ‘Step 1: Find the height of the tank Jeu full 9am 4 full — 4x 9 cm = 36cm Step 2: Find Andrew’s original typing speed 3 hours = 180 minutes ie 3600 + 180 = 20 length : height Toa eres 3 units — 36 cm 1 unit — 36 cm +3 = 12cm 7 units — 7 x 12. cm = 84 cm Length — 84cm (a) Andrew's original typing speed was 20 words per minute. a Step 3: Find the total number of words for 10 Breadth + $x BE 21 cm sets of notes : 8 sets of notes — 3600 words 1 set of notes + 3600 + 8 | i | | Step 2: Find the length and breadth of the tank | | j | | | | Step 3: Find the capacity of the tank 84 cm x 21 cm x 36 cm = 63 504 cm? = 450 words 10 sets of notes—+ 10 x 450 = 4500 words (a) The capacity of the tank was 63 504 cm. Step 4: Find how fast Andrew had to type per Step 4: Find the time for the tap to fill up the minute tank = 150 minutes 4500 words + 150 minutes = 30 words/minutes 63 504 cm’ = 63.504 litres ‘63.504 — 9.072 minutes = 9 minutes (b) He would have to type 30 words per minute if he wanted to finish 10 sets of notes in 2.5 ie (b) The tap will take about 9 minutes to fill up the tank completely. Answers: (a) _63 504 cm? (b) 9 minutes Answers: (a) _20 words per minute (b) _30.words per minuteSolution to Question 100 Step 1: Find the percentage of blue cards $x 20% = 5% Step 2 : Find the percentage of green and white cards 100% — 20% ~ 5% = 75% oon EEE 75% oe EE S units — 75% 1 unit + 75% + 5 = 15% Green: 2 units —+ 2 x 15% = 30% White: 3 units — 3 x 15% = 45% (@) 30% of the cards in the box are green. ‘Step 3: Find the total number of cards 75% —+ 150 cards 1% — 150 + 75 = 2 cards 100% — 100 x 2 = 200 cards (b) There are 200 cards altogether. Answers: (a) _30% (bo) 200.cards_ Solution to Question 01 Step 1: Find the cost of the refrigerator after the discount 100% — $1700 1% — $1700 + 100 = $17 80% — 80 x $17 = $1360 @ The refrigerator cost $1360 after the discount. Step 2: Draw a model spent on refrigerator as pecs osc a $1360 left Find the amount of money Sylvia had left 1 unit + $1360 4 units — 4 x $1360 = $5440 Step 3: Step 4: Find the amount spent on television Television: 30. fs 30% + 30 x $5440 = $1632 (b) She spent $1632 on the television. Answers: (a) __ $1360. () _ $1632 101 Must-Know Challenging Maths Word Problems Book 5 (© Singapore Asia Publishers Ple Lid