This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: F876 − 20b An American National Standard

Standard Specification for

Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F876; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-

1.1 This specification covers crosslinked polyethylene dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(PEX) tubing that incorporates an optional polymeric inner, ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
middle or outer layer and that is outside diameter controlled, Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
made in nominal SDR9 tubing dimension ratios except where mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
noted, and pressure rated for water at three temperatures (see Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Appendix X1). Included are requirements and test methods for 2. Referenced Documents
material, workmanship, dimensions, burst pressure, hydrostatic
sustained pressure, excessive temperature and pressure, envi- 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
ronmental stress cracking, stabilizer functionality, bent-tube D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
hydrostatic pressure, oxidative stability in potable chlorinated D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
water, UV resistance, and degree of crosslinking. Require- tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
ments for tubing markings are also given. The components D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
covered by this specification are intended for use in, but not Gradient Technique
limited to, residential and commercial, hot- and cold-potable D1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
water distribution systems, reclaimed water, fire protection, Under Constant Internal Pressure
municipal water service lines, radiant heating and cooling D1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic
systems, hydronic distribution systems, snow and ice melting Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
systems, geothermal ground loops, district heating, turf D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
conditioning, compressed air distribution and building services tics
pipe, provided that the PEX tubing covered herein complies D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3
with applicable code requirements. D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, D2765 Test Methods for Determination of Gel Content and
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These Swell Ratio of Crosslinked Ethylene Plastics
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall D2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis
not be considered as requirements of the specification. for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded for Thermoplastic Pipe Products
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical D3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only olefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
and are not considered standard. F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the F877 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Hot-
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, F1281 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene/
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user Aluminum/Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and Pressure Pipe
environmental practices and determine the applicability of F2023 Test Method for Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance
regulatory limitations prior to use. of Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe, Tubing and

1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.26 on Olefin contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Based Pipe. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2020. Published January 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved 2020 as F876 – 20a. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F0876-20B. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
1
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
TABLE 1 Thermoplastic Tubing Material Designation Code Cells for SDR9 PEX

Property Standard 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Chlorine F2023 Not tested 75 % Reserved 50 % Reserved 100 % ... ... ... ...
Resistance or rated at 73°F at 73°F at 140°F
and 25 % and 50 %
at 140°F at 140°F

Minimum UV F2657 Not tested 1 month 3 months 6 months ... ... ... ... ... ...
Resistance or rated

HDS ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 630 ... 800 ...
for water at
73°F
Thermoplastic Tubing Material Designation Code—For example ASTM F876 PEX tubing marked with the material designation code PEX 1106 is a PEX tubing
meeting the chlorine resistance requirement for 25% of the time at 140°F and 75% of the time at 73°F having a Minimum UV resistance of 1 month and having an HDS
for water at 73°F of 630psi (HDB of 1250 psi).

Systems to Hot Chlorinated Water 2.7 PPI Standard:7

F2657 Test Method for Outdoor Weathering Exposure of PPI TR-3 Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydro-
Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing static Design Basis (HDB), Hydrostatic Design Stresses
F3203 Test Method for Determination of Gel Content of (HDS), Pressure Design Basis (PDB), Strength Design
Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipes and Tubing Basis (SDB), Minimum Required Strength (MRS)
2.2 ANSI Standard: Ratings, and Categorized Required Strength (CRS) for
B36.10 Standards Dimensions of Steel Pipe (IPS)4 Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe
2.3 Federal Standard: PPI TR-4 PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB),
FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)5 Strength Design Basis (SDB), Pressure Design Basis
2.4 Military Standard: (PDB) and Minimum Required Strength (MRS) Ratings
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage5 for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe
2.5 NSF Standard: 3. Terminology
NSF/ANSI 14 for Plastic Piping Components and Related
Materials6 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
2.6 ISO Standards:4
nology D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation for
ISO 1167 Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and assemblies for
crosslinked polyethylene is PEX. Plastic tubing denotes a
the conveyance of fluids -- Determination of the resistance
particular diameter schedule of plastic pipe in which outside
to internal pressure -- Part 1: General method
diameter of the tubing is equal to the nominal size plus 1⁄8 in.
ISO 13760 Plastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids under
Plastic pipe outside diameter schedule conforms to ANSI
pressure -- Miner’s rule -- Calculation method for cumu-
B36.10.
lative damage
ISO 15875 Plastics piping systems for hot and cold water 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
installations -- Crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) -- Part 1: 3.2.1 crosslinked polyethylene—a polyethylene material that
General has undergone a change in molecular structure through pro-
ISO R 161-1690 Pipes of Plastic Materials for the Transport cessing whereby a majority of the polymer chains are chemi-
of Fluids (Outside Diameters and Nominal Pressures) Part cally linked.
1, Metric Series 3.2.2 hydrostatic design stress (HDS)—the estimated maxi-
mum tensile stress the material is capable of withstanding
continuously with a high degree of certainty that failure of the
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., tube will not occur. This stress is circumferential when internal
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
DLA Document Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA
19111-5094 http://quicksearch.dla.mil/
6 7
Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825 Irving TX, 75062.
Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http://www.nsf.org. http://www.plasticpipe.org

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
2
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
TABLE 2 Outside Diameters and Tolerances for SDR9 PEX Tubing
Nominal Tubing Average Outside
Tolerances for Average Diameter Out-of-RoundnessA
Size Diameter
in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm)
⁄
18 0.250 (6.35) ±0.003 (±0.08) 0.008 (0.20)
1⁄ 4 0.375 (9.52) ±0.003 (±0.08) 0.008 (0.20)
5⁄16 0.430 (10.92) ±0.003 (±0.08) 0.008 (0.20)
3⁄ 8 0.500 (12.70) ±0.003 (±0.08) 0.012 (0.32)
1⁄ 2 0.625 (15.88) ±0.004 (±0.10) 0.016 (0.40)
5⁄ 8 0.750 (19.05) ±0.004 (±0.10) 0.016 (0.40)
3⁄ 4 0.875 (22.22) ±0.004 (±0.10) 0.016 (0.40)
1 1.125 (28.58) ±0.005 (±0.12) 0.020 (0.48)
1 1 ⁄4 1.375 (34.92) ±0.005 (±0.12) 0.020 (0.48)
1 1 ⁄2 1.625 (41.28) ±0.006 (±0.16) 0.024 (0.60)
2 2.125 (53.98) ±0.006 (±0.16) 0.030 (0.76)
2 1 ⁄2 2.625 (66.68) ±0.007 (±0.18) 0.038 (0.95)
3 3.125 (79.38) ±0.008 (±0.20) 0.045 (1.14)
3 1 ⁄2 3.625 (92.08) ±0.008 (±0.20) 0.046 (1.16)
4 4.125 (104.78) ±0.009 (±0.23) 0.052 (1.32)
4 1 ⁄2 4.625 (117.48) ±0.009 (±0.23) 0.059 (1.49)
5 5.125 (130.18) ±0.010 (±0.25) 0.065 (1.65)
6 6.125 (155.58) ±0.011 (±0.28) 0.072 (1.83)
A
The Out-of-Roundness specification applies only to tubing prior to coiling.

TABLE 3 Wall Thickness and Tolerances for SDR9 PEX TubingA 3.2.4 pressure rating (PR)—the estimated maximum water
Nominal Tubing Minimum Wall
Tolerance pressure the tube is capable of withstanding continuously with
Size Thickness
a high degree of certainty that failure of the tube will not occur.
in. (mm) in. mm
⁄
18 0.047B (1.19)B +0.007 (+0.18)
3.2.5 relation between dimensions, hydrostatic design
1⁄ 4 0.062B (1.57)B +0.010 (+0.25) stress, and pressure rating—the following expression, com-
5⁄16 0.064B (1.63)B +0.010 (+0.25) monly known as the ISO equation,8 is used in this specification
3⁄ 8 0.070B (1.78)B +0.010 (+0.25)
1⁄ 2 0.070B (1.78)B +0.010 (+0.25)
to relate dimensions, hydrostatic design stress, and pressure
5⁄ 8 0.083 (2.12) +0.010 (+0.25) rating:
3⁄ 4 0.097 (2.47) +0.010 (+0.25
1 0.125 (3.18) +0.013 (+0.33) 2S/P 5 ~ D O /t ! 2 1 (1)
1 1⁄ 4 0.153 (3.88) +0.015 (+0.38
1 1⁄ 2 0.181 (4.59) +0.019 (+0.48) or
2 0.236 (6.00) +0.024 +0.61)
2S/P 5 R 2 1
2 1⁄ 2 0.292 (7.41) +0.030 (+0.76)
3 0.347 (8.82) +0.033 (+0.84) where:
3 1⁄ 2 0.403 (10.23) +0.035 (+0.89)
4 0.458 (11.64) +0.040 (+1.02) S = hydrostatic design stress, psi (or MPa),
4 1⁄ 2 0.514 (13.05) +0.045 (+1.14) P = pressure rating, psi (or MPa),
5 0.569 (14.46) +0.050 (+1.27)
6 0.681 (17.29) +0.060 (+1.52)
DO = average outside diameter, in. (or mm),
A
t = minimum wall thickness, in. (or mm), and
The minimum is the lowest wall thickness of the pipe at any cross section. The
maximum permitted wall thickness, at any cross section, is the minimum wall
R = standard dimension ratio, SDR.
thickness plus the stated tolerance. All tolerances are on the plus side of the 3.2.6 standard dimension ratio (SDR)—the ratio of outside
minimum requirement.
B
For nominal tubing sizes of 1⁄2 and below, wall thickness minimums are not diameter to wall thickness. For PEX tubing, it is calculated by
functions of SDR. dividing the average outside diameter of the tubing in inches or
in millimetres by the minimum wall thickness in inches or
millimetres. If the wall thickness calculated by this formula is
less than 0.070 in. (1.78 mm) it shall be arbitrarily increased to
0.070 in. except for sizes 5⁄16 in. and smaller, as specified in
hydrostatic water pressure is applied. The HDS is equal to the Table 3. The SDR values shall be rounded to the nearest 0.5.
hydrostatic design basis (HDB) times the design factor (DF) 3.2.7 thermoplastic tubing materials designation code—The
for water. For this standard, the design factor is equal to 0.50. tubing material designation code shall consist of the abbrevia-
HDS 5 HDB 3 DF tion for the type of plastic (PEX) followed by four Arabic
5HDB 3 0.50 ~ for this standard! numerals — two to describe the short-term properties, in
3.2.3 hydrostatic design basis (HDB)—one of a series of accordance with the ASTM standard being referenced, and two
established stress values (specified in Test Method D2837) for to designate the hydrostatic design stress when tested in water
a plastic compound obtained by categorizing the long-term at 73°F (23°C) in units of 100 psi, with any decimal figures
hydrostatic strength determined in accordance with Test dropped. See Table 1.
Method D2837.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—A listing of HDB and HDS values are
contained in PPI publication PPI TR–4. 8
ISO R161-1690.

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
3
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The first digit is for chlorine resistance TABLE 4 Hydrostatic Design Stresses and Pressure Ratings for
tested in accordance with Test Method F2023. SDR 9 PEX Tubing for Water at Different Temperatures
(1) A digit “0” indicates that the PEX tubing either has not Hydrostatic Design Pressure Rating for
Rated Temperature
Stress Water
been tested for chlorine resistance or that the PEX tubing does °F °C psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
not meet the minimum requirement for chlorine resistance. 73 23 630 (4.34) 160 (1.10)
(2) A digit “1” indicates the PEX tubing has been tested 180 82 400 (2.76) 100 (0.69)
200 93 315 (2.17) 80 (0.55)
and meets the requirement of 6.9 for minimum chlorine
resistance at the end use condition of 25% at 140°F (60°C) and
75% at 73°F (23°C).
(3) A digit “2” is reserved for future application.
(4) A digit “3” indicates that the PEX tubing has been Thus, a complete material designation code for PEX tubing
tested and meets the requirement of 6.9 for minimum chlorine shall consist of the three letters “PEX” and four digits.
resistance at end use condition of 50% at 140°F and 50% at
73°F. 4. Tubing Classification
(5) A digit “4” is reserved for future application.
4.1 General—This specification covers one PEX tubing
(6) A digit “5” indicates that the PEX tubing has been
material in one standard dimension ratio and having pressure
tested and meets the requirement of 6.9 for minimum chlorine
ratings for water of three temperatures. The pressure ratings
resistance at end use conditions of 100% of the time at 140°F
decrease as the temperature is increased.
3.2.7.2 Discussion—The second digit is for demonstrated
UV resistance of PEX material when tested in accordance with 4.2 Standard Thermoplastic Pipe Dimension Ratio (SDR)—
Test Method F2657. For PEX tubing with the first digit of the This specification covers PEX tubing in one standard dimen-
material designation code equal to 1, 3, or 5 the second digit sion ratio (SDR 9) for nominal diameters 5⁄8 in. and larger, and
shall be one of the classification digits listed in Table 1 for the with a specified wall thickness for smaller diameters. The
Nominal Exposure Time Period from Table 1 in Test Method pressure ratings are uniform for all nominal tubing sizes.
F2657 where the decreased average failure time from 10.3 of
Test Method F2657 is less than or equal to 21%. For PEX 5. Materials
tubing with the first digit of the material designation code equal 5.1 General—Crosslinked polyethylene tubing, meeting the
to 0, the second digit shall be one of the classification digits requirements of this specification, are primarily defined by
from Table 1 for the Nominal Exposure Time Period from means of three criteria, namely, (1) nominal density, (2) degree
Table 1 of Test Method F2657 where the UV-exposed samples of crosslinking, and (3) long-term strength tests. There is a
meet the requirement of 7.10 Stabilizer Functionality, or strong correlation between nominal density and results of
alternatively using the criteria for potable water piping found in short-term strength tests.
the preceding sentence of this clause.
NOTE 1—PEX tubing intended for use in the transport of potable water
3.2.7.3 Discussion—PEX tubing is not designed for outdoor
should be evaluated and certified as safe for this purpose by a testing
use. Data from short-term exposure testing in accordance with agency acceptable to the local health authority. The evaluation should be
this test method can be used to judge the relative performance in accordance with requirements for chemical extraction, taste, and odor
of PEX tubing stored outdoors for short periods of time prior that are no less restrictive than those included in NSF/ANSI 14. The seal
to installation completely shielded from sunlight. or mark of the laboratory making the evaluation should be included on the
tubing.
3.2.7.4 Discussion—The 21 % pass/fail criteria originates
from the statistical analysis of an aggregate of data sets 5.2 Basic Materials—PEX tubing shall be made from poly-
generated using Test Method F2023 and represents the mean ethylene compounds which have been crosslinked by
Lower Predictive Limit (95 % two sided) compared to the peroxides, or silane compounds in extrusion, or by electron
expected failure times based on three stress levels at each of beam after extrusion, or by other means such that the tubing
three temperatures. Thus, this value represents the limit for meets the performance requirements of Section 6. For the use
statistical differentiation in failure times using Test Method temperatures that the tubing will be marked for, the materials,
F2023 at the 95 % confidence level (2 sided). This research procedure for mixing, and the process for crosslinking shall
was conducted for the Plastics Pipe Institute in 2005.9 result in a product with long term hydrostatic stress ratings
(1) The UV resistance shall be demonstrated on represen- equal to or better than those shown in Table 4, when deter-
tative pipe samples for the original validation of pipe made mined in accordance with procedures no less restrictive than
from a particular PEX material, that material being the com- those of PPI TR-3. Tubing incorporating an optional layer shall
bination of PEX resin and its additive system. also meet the requirement of PPI TR-3. See Appendix X1 for
(2) The last two digits are the hydrostatic design stress for additional information on PPI hydrostatic stress ratings.
water at 73°F (23°C) in units of 100 psi with any decimal NOTE 2—Tubing produced by crosslinking by peroxides, or silane
figures dropped. Where the hydrostatic design stress code compounds in extrusion, or by electron beam after extrusion have met the
contains less than two figures, a zero is used before the number. requirements of Section 6. There are several other processes for producing
crosslinked polyethylene tubing. However, each process must be estab-
lished as meeting the requirements of this specification.
9
PPI Technical literature, Final Report – Proposal for the Evaluation of the 5.3 Tubing Material Designation—The tubing meeting the
Chlorine Resistance of UV Exposed PEX Pipe. requirements of this specification shall be designated PEX.

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
4
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
TABLE 5 Minimum Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Requirements for SDR9 PEX Tubing
Nominal Pressure Required for Test, psiA
Tubing (MPa)
Size
(NTS)
73°F (23°C) 180°F (82°C) 200°F (93°C)
18⁄ 595 (4.10) 355 (2.45) 300 (2.07)
1⁄ 4 515 (3.55) 305 (2.10) 260 (1.79)
3⁄ 8 425 (2.93) 250 (1.72) 210 (1.45)
1⁄ 2 330 (2.28) 195 (1.34) 165 (1.14)
5⁄8 and larger 325 (2.24) 190 (1.31) 165 (1.14)
A
The hoop stresses used to derive these test pressures are:
at 73 °F (23 °C) 1300 psi (8.96 MPa).
at 180 °F (82 °C) 770 psi (5.31 MPa).
at 200 °F (93 °C) 650 psi (4.48 MPa).

6. Requirements TABLE 6 Minimum 165-Hour Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure

Requirements for SDR9 PEX Tubing
6.1 Workmanship—The tubing shall be uniform in appear- Nominal Minimum Burst Pressures at Different Temperatures, psiA
ance and consistent throughout. The walls shall be free of Tubing Size (MPa)
(NTS) 73 °F (23 °C) 200 °F (93 °C)
cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusion, or other defects 1 ⁄8 870 (6.00) 390 (2.69)
that are visible to the naked eye and that affect the wall 1 ⁄4 752 (5.19) 336 (2.32)
integrity. The tubing shall be as uniform as commercially 3 ⁄8 620 (4.27) 275 (1.90)
1 ⁄2 480 (3.31) 215 (1.48)
practicable in color, opacity, density, and other physical prop- 5⁄8 and 475 (3.27) 210 (1.45)
erties. larger
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances: A
The hoop stresses used to derive these test pressures are 1380 psi (9.51 MPa)
6.2.1 Outside Diameters—The outside diameters and toler- at 73 °F (23 °C) and 690 psi (4.76 MPa at 200 °F (93 °C)).

ances of the tubing including the layers shall be as shown in

Table 2, when measured in accordance with 7.4 and 7.4.1.
6.2.1.1 Layer—Tubing that incorporates an inner, middle or 6.6 Environmental Stress Cracking— There shall be no loss
outer layer have to meet the minimum wall thickness and of pressure in the tubing, when tested in accordance with 7.8.
tolerances requirements as specified in Table 3. In addition, the 6.7 Degree of Crosslinking—When tested in accordance
layer shall not result in the reduction of the total PEX material with 7.9, the degree of crosslinking for PEX tubing material
below that specified in Table 3. In the case of tubing with a shall be within the range from 65 to 89 % inclusive. Depending
middle layer, the total base PEX material wall thickness shall on the process used, the following minimum percentage
be the sum of the inner and outer base PEX material wall crosslinking values shall be achieved: 70 % by peroxides, 65 %
thicknesses. by electron beam, or 65 % by silane compounds.
6.2.2 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness and tolerances 6.7.1 Layer—For tubing with a layer, the degree of cross-
shall be as shown in Table 3, when measured in accordance linking of the PEX material excluding the layer shall be in
with 7.4 and 7.4.2. accordance with 6.7.
NOTE 3—Tubing diameters less than 5⁄8 in. diameter have minimum NOTE 4—Techniques as found in Test Methods D2765.
wall thicknesses based on both hydrostatic and mechanical strength.
6.8 Stabilizer Functionality—There shall be no loss of
6.2.3 Out-of Roundness—The maximum out-of roundness pressure in the tubing, when tested in accordance with 7.10.
requirements, shown in Table 2 for tubing, apply to the
average, measured diameter. Tubing shall be measured prior to 6.9 Oxidative Stability in Potable Chlorinated Water
coiling. Applications—PEX tubing intended for use in the transport of
6.2.4 Coil diameters—PEX tubing may be supplied in either potable water shall have a minimum extrapolated time-to-time
straight lengths or coils with a minimum coiling diameter failure of 50 years and comply with the requirements for a first
based on a tubing bend radius of 10 times the outside diameter. digit of “1” or higher in the PEX Tubing Material Designation
Code when tested and evaluated in accordance with 7.11.
6.3 Density—When determined in accordance with 7.5, the
crosslinked polyethylene tubing material shall have a minimum 6.10 Oxidative Stability in Outdoor Weathering Exposure
density of 0.926 Mg/m3. (UltraViolet)—PEX tubing intended for use in the transport of
potable water shall comply with the requirements for a second
6.4 Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Strength—The tubing digit of “1” or higher in the PEX Tubing Material Designation
shall not fail, balloon, burst, or weep as defined in Test Method Code when tested and evaluated in accordance with Test
D1598, at the test pressures shown in Table 5 or Table 6 when Method F2657 where the decreased average failure time is less
tested in accordance with 7.6. than or equal to 21 %.
6.5 Hydrostatic Burst Pressure—The minimum burst pres- NOTE 5—Test Method F2657 provides a measure of the effects of
sure for PEX plastic tubing shall be as shown in Table 7, when natural sunlight ultraviolet exposure; however, outdoor weathering in
determined in accordance with 7.7. accordance with Test Method F2657 requires open outside exposure that

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
5
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
TABLE 7 Burst Pressure Requirements for Water at Different Temperatures for SDR9 PEX Tubing
Nominal Tubing Minimum Burst Pressures at Different Temperatures, psiA (MPa)
Size
(NTS)
73 °F (23 °C) 180 °F (82 °C)
18 ⁄ 870 (6.00) 390 (2.69)
1 ⁄4 752 (5.19) 336 (2.32)
3 ⁄8 620 (4.27) 275 (1.90)
1 ⁄2 480 (3.31) 215 (1.48)
5⁄8 and larger 475 (3.27) 210 (1.45)
A
The hoop stresses used to derive these test pressures are:
at 73 °F (23 °C) 1900 psi (13.10 MPa).
at 180 °F (82 °C) 850 psi (5.86 MPa).

also includes incidental exposure to natural environmental conditions 7. Test Methods

(cyclical temperature change, dust, precipitation, humidity, etc.).
Accordingly, testing per Test Method F2657 incorporates weathering 7.1 Conditioning—Condition the specimens at 73 6 4 °F
exposure during the measurement of UV resistance. (23 6 2 °C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than
6.11 Adhesion Test—Tubing that incorporates an optional 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice
inner, middle or outer layer shall not show any delamination D618, for those tests where conditioning is required. In cases
when tested in accordance with 9.3.1 of Specification F1281. of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61.8 °F (61 °C) and
6.12 Bent Tube Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Strength: 62 % relative humidity.
6.12.1 General—PEX tubing, up to and including 1 in. 7.2 Test Conditions—Conduct the test in the standard labo-
nominal diameter, can be installed bent by using either of two ratory atmosphere of 73 6 4 °F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 %
techniques described in X3.2.4 and X3.2.5, provided that relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-
6.12.2 and 6.12.3 requirements are met. ods or in this specification. In cases of disagreement, the
NOTE 6—PEX tubing, larger than 1 in. nominal diameter, is typically tolerances shall be 61.8 °F (61 °C) and 62 % relative humid-
installed as main distribution lines and is installed in straight runs. Fittings ity.
are used when a change in direction of 90° or greater and a bend radius of
6 times the outside diameter is needed. The test procedures in 6.12.2 and 7.3 Sampling—A sufficient quantity of tubing, as agreed
6.12.3 are intended to evaluate PEX tubing installed in tight bend upon by the purchaser and the seller, shall be selected and
applications in accordance with the procedures in X3.2.4 and X3.2.5. This tested to determine conformance with this specification (see
application applies to tubing up to and including 1 in nominal diameter
only.
Practice D1898). In the case of no prior agreement, random
samples selected by the testing laboratory shall be deemed
6.12.2 Hot-bent tubing, with a radius of 2.5 times the adequate.
outside diameter and consisting of a continuous bend length
7.3.1 Test Specimens—Not less than 50 % of the test speci-
inducing not less than 90° angle, shall meet the minimum
mens required for any pressure test shall have at least a part of
hydrostatic sustained pressure strength requirements for 180 °F
as shown in Table 5 when tested in accordance with 7.6. The the marking in their central sections. The central section is that
bend length and bend angle is kept throughout the testing portion of tubing that is at least one tubing diameter away from
period by rigid supports immediately outside the bend. an end closure.
6.12.3 Cold-bent tubing, with a radius of 6 times the outside 7.4 Dimensions and Tolerances—Use any length of tubing
diameter and consisting of a continuous bend length inducing to determine the dimensions. Measure in accordance with Test
not less than 90° angle, shall meet the minimum hydrostatic Method D2122.
sustained pressure strength requirements for 180 °F as shown 7.4.1 Outside Diameter—Measure the outside diameter of
in Table 5 when tested in accordance with 7.6. The bend length the tubing in accordance with Test Method D2122. The referee
and bend angle is kept throughout the testing period by rigid method of measurement is to be by circumferential wrap tape.
secures immediately outside the bend.
The tolerance for out-of-roundness shall apply only to tubing
6.13 Excessive Temperature—Pressure Capacity: prior to shipment. Averaging micrometer or vernier caliper
6.13.1 Tubing shall not fail as defined in Test Method measurements, four (4) maximum and minimum diameter
D1598 in less than 30 days (720 h) when tested in accordance measurements at any cross section, may be used for quality
with 7.12. control checks if desired.
NOTE 7—The rationale for test requirement 6.13 is so that in the event 7.4.2 Wall Thickness—Make micrometer measurements of
of a domestic hot-water system malfunction, PEX tubing shall have the wall thickness in accordance with Test Method D2122 to
adequate strength to accommodate short-term conditions, 48 h of 210 °F determine the maximum and minimum values. Measure the
(99 °C), 150 psi (1034 kPa) until repairs can be made. wall thickness at both ends of the tubing to the nearest 0.001 in.
6.13.2 (0.025 mm).

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
6
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
7.4.2.1 Layer—Make measurements of the layer or layers or for a minimum of 165 hours if testing at the temperatures
using either a video microscope, a microscope with 0.001 in. and pressures specified in Table 6. Maintain the pressures and
graduation or optical comparator to determine the maximum temperatures during the test in accordance with the tolerances
and minimum values. specified in Test Method D1598. When the minimum test
7.5 Density—Determine the density of the tubing compound duration has been surpassed for a specimen being tested,
in accordance with Test Method D1505, or Test Methods D792, testing of that specimen is permitted to be stopped before
using three specimens. specimen failure.
7.6.5 Failure of any one of the specimens tested in less than
7.6 Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Test—Test specimens the specified time at any given temperature constitutes failure
with water at the three controlled temperatures and under the of the test. Failure of the tubing shall be defined in accordance
pressures given in Table 5 or Table 6 in accordance with Test with Test Method D1598, which includes ballooning, bursting,
Method D1598. seeping or weeping. Specimens which show delamination
7.6.1 Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure Tests shall be per- (separation of the layers visible to the unaided eye) are also
formed using the temperatures and pressures specified in Table considered to have failed. If one of six specimens tested at a
5 only for the original approval testing of tubing made from a temperature and pressure in accordance with Table 6 fails,
particular compound. For routine verification testing, test either retest of six additional specimens at the same temperature but
of the conditions described in 7.6.1.1 or 7.6.1.2. with pressures in accordance with Table 5 is permitted and in
7.6.1.1 All three temperatures using pressures specified in this case any additional failures shall constitute failure of the
Table 5 for 1000 hours. test with no additional retest permitted.
7.6.1.2 At 180 °F (82 °C) for 1000 hours at pressures per
and at 73 °F (23 °C) and 200 °F (93 °C) for 165 hours using 7.7 Hydrostatic Burst Pressure—Determine the minimum
pressures per Table 6. The determination of which of these burst pressure with at least five specimens at each temperature
options to be used shall be made by agreement between the in accordance with Test Method D1599. The time of testing of
tubing producer and the test laboratory or certification agency. each specimen shall be between 60 and 70 s. The minimum
required burst pressure values are specified in Table 7. If the
NOTE 8—The pressures specified in Table 5 and Table 6 are based on minimum required burst pressure has been surpassed within the
slopes of the ISO 15875 reference lines for PEX and the minimum LTHS specified time for a specimen being tested, testing of the
values required at each temperature. The pressures specified in Table 6
will result in an equivalent or more stringent test than the pressures specimen is permitted to be stopped before the specimen
specified in Table 5. Testing using Table 6 accelerates confirmation of the ruptures or bursts.
hydrostatic pressure handling capability of the tubing. The excessive 7.7.1 Hydrostatic burst pressure tests need be performed
temperature and pressure test provides additional verification that the only for the original approval of tubing made from a particular
tubing will tolerate high temperature use for extended periods of time. The compound and for routine production monitoring. Test sizes
use of a combination of Table 5 and Table 6 conditions per 7.6.1 maintains
harmony with Specification F877 which only requires hydrostatic sus- representative of normal production at the required intervals.
tained pressure testing at 180 °F (82 °C) for 1000 hours. 7.8 Environmental Stress Cracking Test— Test six randomly
7.6.2 Select the test specimens at random in accordance selected 10 to 15-in. (250 to 375-mm) long specimens.
with 7.3. The minimum specimen length between end fittings NOTE 9—Straight or previously coiled specimens are permissible
shall be 12 in. (305 mm) (see Test Method D1598) or ten times although straight specimens are preferred for ease of notching and
the nominal diameter of the sampled tubing, whichever is accurate control of the notch depth.
greater. The maximum specimen length between end fittings 7.8.1 Within each specimen make a notch on the inside of
shall be 15 in. (380 mm) or twelve times the nominal diameter, the tubing wall in the axial direction. The notch depth shall be
whichever is greater. Test six specimens at each temperature 10.3 % of the minimum wall thickness as specified in Table 3
except when 7.6.2.2 applies. Each of the specimens tested shall for the specimen tubing size. The notch depth tolerance shall be
bear some portion of the permanent marking on the tubing. 60.0005-in. (60.013 mm). The full depth notch length shall be
7.6.2.1 Only one representative size of tubing made in 0.9 to 1.1-in. in length (23 to 28 mm). Use a sharp blade
accordance with this specification need be sampled for testing mounted in a jig to make this notch. Use a depth micrometer or
to demonstrate conformance with the Hydrostatic Sustained other means for setting the blade in the jig so that the notch
Pressure requirements of this specification. depth is controlled as specified. The notch shall be placed, at its
7.6.2.2 When testing in accordance with the requirements of nearest point, at least 1.5 times the nominal diameter away
6.12.2 and 6.12.3, only one cold bent and one hot bent from end closures.
specimen are required to be tested and the length of these 7.8.2 Fill the tubing with the test medium which is 5.0 60.5
specimens between end closures shall be between 12 and 18 in. % by weight nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol mixed
(305 and 457 mm). Testing in accordance with the require- with 95 % of untreated water.
ments of 6.12.2 and 6.12.3 shall be conducted at 180 °F
(82 °C) at the pressures specified in Table 5 for 1000 h. NOTE 10—The nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol has histori-
cally been synonymous with “Igepal CO-630”10 that is, CAS# 68412-54-4
7.6.3 Condition the specimens for at least 2 h to within
64 °F (62 °C) of the specified test temperatures.
7.6.4 Maintain the specimens at the pressures indicated for 10
This method is based on the use of “Igepal Co-630,” a trademark for a
the appropriate temperatures for a period minimum of 1000 h nonylphenoxypoly (ethyeneoxy) ethanol, which may be obtained from GAF Corp.,
if testing at the temperatures and pressures specified in Table 5 Dyestuff and Chemical Div., 140 W. 51st St., New York, NY 10020.

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
7
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
or CAS# 9016-45-9. This test has been historically performed with to withstand long term temperature conditions set forth else-
untreated water, generally meaning potable tap water supplied by utilities. where in this standard.
Environmental stress cracking is a failure mode normally apparent after
long-term use of tubing. The use of a surfactant and 200 °F (93 °C) test
7.10.1 Procedure—The test procedure shall be conducted in
conditions are intended to produce results indicative of expected long- accordance with Test Method D1598 or ISO 1167. Test six (6)
term performance in a reasonable time frame. samples at one of the temperature conditions in 7.10. The
NOTE 11—Nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol waste is consid- internal medium is water the external medium is air. Failure of
ered in some jurisdictions to be environmentally hazardous. For disposal any one of the specimens constitutes failure of the test.
of nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol waste local regulations
should be consulted and adhered to. 7.10.2 Significance—The test need only be performed for
the original validation of pipe made from a particular com-
7.8.3 Test the specimens in accordance with Test Method pound.
D1598 for 100 hours at 200 °F (93 °C) using the pressure
specified in Table 5 for 200 °F (93°C) and the tubing size. 7.11 Oxidative Stability in Potable Chlorinated Water
Testing shall be conducted in accordance with Test Method Applications— The test shall be conducted, and the extrapo-
D1598 with the exceptions that the testing is not required to be lated time-to-failure shall be determined in accordance with
carried out until specimen failure as defined in Test Method Test Method F2023. The test fluid shall be prepared in
D1598, and the specimen lengths are permitted to be shorter accordance with 9.1.1 of Test Method F2023. The extrapolated
than specified in Test Method D1598. time-to-failure shall be calculated in accordance with 13.3 of
7.8.4 Visually evaluate any specimens that have lost pres- Test Method F2023 and as follows:
sure during testing for ductile or brittle failure mode using the 7.11.1 For a chlorine resistance cell of “1” using the
definitions within Terminology F412. Any ductile failure coefficients from Test Method F2023, 13.1 and using Miners
result(s) shall be discarded, and retest(s) performed. Rule, calculate the estimated time to-failure for a hoop stress
corresponding to a sustained internal pressure of 80 psig (550
NOTE 12—Failures, if they occur via environmental stress cracking, kPa) for the DR of the tested specimens at temperature
should result in brittle failure which occurs via slow crack growth
emanating from the notch.
exposure conditions of 25 % of the total time at 140°F (60°C)
and 75% of the total time at 73°F (23°C) in accordance with
7.8.4.1 A mixed failure mode sometimes occurs in environ- ISO 13760.
mental stress cracking tests where the early stages of fracture 7.11.2 For a chlorine resistance cell of “3” using the
are brittle and the final stages of failure are ductile; these coefficients from Test Method F2023, 13.1, and using Miners
failures display slow crack growth characteristics just “out- Rule, calculate the estimated time to-failure for a hoop stress
side” of the notch (that is, propagating radially through the pipe corresponding to a sustained internal pressure of 80 psig (550
wall thickness) and ductile ballooning in the final stages of kPa) for the DR of the tested specimens at temperature
failure. If upon microscopic inspection slow crack growth exposure conditions of 50 % of the total time at 140 °F (60 °C)
characteristics are present these failures shall be considered and 50% of the total time at 73 °F (23 °C) in accordance with
brittle and retained as valid failures and not discarded. ISO 13760.
7.9 Degree of Crosslinking—Prepare the specimens by plac- 7.11.3 For a chlorine resistance cell of “5”, using the
ing a tubing sample in a lathe with automatic feeding. Shave coefficients from Test Method F2023, 13.1, calculate the
strips that consist of the full wall thickness of the tubing. The estimated time-to-failure at a hoop stress corresponding to a
strip thickness shall be 0.004 6 0.002 in. (0.1 6 0.05 mm) sustained internal pressure of 80 psig (550 kPa) for the DR of
which is obtained by setting the lathe feeding accordingly. Test the tested specimens at temperature of 100% of the time at
the specimens in accordance with Test Methods D2765, 140°F (60 °C)
Method B. Alternatively, for routine quality control and moni- 7.11.4 Significance—The test need only be performed on
toring only, testing in accordance with Test Method F3203 is representative tubing samples for the original validation of
permissible. For either test method the only deviation permit- tubing made from a particular compound.
ted is test specimen preparation which shall be as specified
NOTE 14—The extrapolated times-to-failure calculated in 7.11.1,
above. For the purpose of this specification the degree of 7.11.2, and 7.11.3 apply to a maximum end-use temperature of 140 °F
crosslinking is equal to the measured gel content. (60 °C) and a maximum end-use pressure of 80 psig (550 kPa), which are
typical maximum conditions in residential plumbing applications. These
NOTE 13—This method provides a test method for measuring the extrapolations do not validate the use of PEX tubing in applications with
average degree of crosslinking over the tube wall thickness. That, temperatures or pressures beyond these values. For operating conditions
however, does not mean that the degree of crosslinking is allowed to vary beyond 140°F and 80 psig users should contact the PEX tubing manufac-
outside the limits for the grade in question at any part of the tubing. In case turer to determine whether such conditions are approved for use.
of disagreement, strips of the same thickness, 0.004 6 0.002 in. (0.1 6
0.05 mm), can be taken in tangential, axial, or radial direction at any angle 7.12 Excessive Temperature and Pressure Capability:
section or wall thickness depth, or both, etc. to measure the degree of 7.12.1 Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure—Determine in ac-
crosslinking. cordance with Test Method D1598, except for the following
7.10 Stabilizer Functionality—The functionality of a stabi- requirements:
lizer in a specific PEX compound shall be verified by hydro- 7.12.1.1 Test at least six specimens from randomly selected
static testing of pipe made from the compound. Test six pipe specimens diameter 1⁄2 in. or greater. Specimens shall be at
samples continuously for 3000 h at a hoop stress of 0.70 MPa least 5 pipe diameters long.
at 120° C, or for 8000 h at a hoop stress of 2.8 MPa at 110° C. 7.12.1.2 Condition tubing in accordance with 7.1.
This test is used to demonstrate the specific compound’s ability 7.12.1.3 Test temperature shall be 210 6 4 °F (99 6 2 °C).

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
8
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
7.12.1.4 The external test environment shall be air. 10.2 Marking on the tubing shall include the following,
7.12.1.5 Fill the specimens with water and condition for 2 h spaced at intervals of not more than 5 ft:
at a temperature of 210 6 4 °F (99 6 2 °C) and a pressure of 10.2.1 Manufacturer’s name (or trademark) and production
30 63 psi (207621kPa). code indicating the date of production.
7.12.1.6 Pressurize test specimens to the required pressure 10.2.2 Nominal tubing size (for example, 2 in.).
and maintain for 30 days (720 h). The pressure for PEX tubing 10.2.3 Type of plastic tubing material in accordance with
shall be 150 psi (1034 kPa), for SDR9 diameters. The fiber the designation code given in 3.2.7.
stress used to derive this test pressure is 595 psi (4.1 MPa). 10.2.4 A distinctive marking that identify the presence of an
inner, middle or outer layer.
8. Retest and Rejection 10.2.5 Standard dimension ratio, SDR 9.
8.1 If the results of any test(s) do not meet the requirements 10.2.6 Pressure ratings for water at 73 °F (23 °C) and
of this specification, the tests(s) shall be conducted again only 180 °F (82 °C) in accordance with 3.2.4 and 3.2.5 using HDB
by agreement between the purchaser and seller. Under such ratings in accordance with 5.2. (Example; 160 psi at 73 °F, 100
agreement, minimum requirements shall not be lowered, psi at 180 °F)
changed, or modified, nor shall specification limits be changed. NOTE 15—Manufacturer may include additional pressure ratings.
If upon retest, failure occurs, the quantity of product repre- 10.2.7 This ASTM designation, F876.
sented by the test(s) does not meet the requirements of this 10.2.8 Tubing intended for the transport of potable water
specification. shall also include the seal or mark of the laboratory making the
evaluation for this purpose, spaced at intervals specified by the
9. Certification laboratory.
9.1 PEX tubing intended for use in the transport of potable 10.2.9 Standard designation(s) of the fitting system(s) for
water shall be evaluated and certified as safe for this purpose which the tubing is recommended for use by the tubing
by a testing agency acceptable to the local health authority. The manufacturer.
evaluation shall be in accordance with the requirements for 11. Quality Assurance
chemical extraction, taste, and odor that are no less restrictive
11.1 When the product is marked with this designation,
than those included in NSF/ANSI Standard 14/61.
F876, the manufacturer affirms that the product was
manufactured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance
10. Marking
with this specification and has been found to meet the
10.1 Quality of Marking—The marking shall be applied to requirements of this specification.
the tubing in such a manner that it remains legible (easily read)
after installation and inspection. Markings shall be applied 12. Keywords
without indentation in some permanent manner so as to remain 12.1 crosslinked polyethylene; hydrostatic stress; PEX; PPI;
legible under normal handling and installation practice. pipe; pressure; tubing

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

GOVERNMENT/MILITARY PROCUREMENT

These requirements apply only to federal/military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.

S1. Responsibility for Inspection—Unless otherwise speci- S2.1 Packaging—Unless otherwise specified in the
fied in the contract or purchase order, the producer is respon- contract, the materials shall be packaged in accordance with
sible for the performance of all inspection and test require- the supplier’s standard practice in a manner ensuring arrival at
ments specified herein. The producer may use his own or any destination in satisfactory condition and which will be accept-
other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection able to the carrier at lowest rates. Containers and packing shall
and test requirements specified herein, unless the purchaser comply with Uniform Freight Classification rules or National
disapproves. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any Motor Freight Classification rules.
of the inspections and tests set forth in this specification where
S2.2 Marking—Marking for shipment shall be in accor-
such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure that material
dance with FED. STD. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-
conforms to prescribed requirements.
NOTE S1.1—In U.S. federal contracts, the contractor is responsible for STD-129 for military agencies.
inspection. NOTE S2.1—The inclusion of U.S. Government procurement require-
ments should not be construed as an indication that the U.S. Government
S2. Packaging and Marking for U.S. Government Procure- uses or endorses the products described in this specification.
ment:

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
9
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. SOURCE OF HYDROSTATIC DESIGN STRESSES

X1.1 The hydrostatic design stress recommended by the ranging in size from 1⁄2 to 2 in.
Plastics Pipe Institute is used to pressure rate PEX plastic
tubing. These hydrostatic design stresses are: 630 psi (4.34 X1.5 The stabilizer functionality test is not intended to
MPa) for water at 73 °F (23 °C), 400 psi (2.76 MPa) for water determine the long term hydrostatic strength of the pipe but to
at 180 °F (82 °C), and 315 psi (2.17 MPa) for water at 200 °F serve as indicator of the individual PEX compound stabiliza-
(93 °C). These hydrostatic design stresses apply only to tubing tion.
meeting all the requirements of this specification.
X1.6 Stabilizer Verification: The oxidation induction time
X1.2 Refer also to Test Method D2837. Additional informa- (OIT) as described in Test Method D3895 may be used to
tion regarding the method of test and other criteria used in monitor stabilizer content of a PEX material or freshly ex-
developing these hydrostatic design stresses may be obtained truded pipe. Once the initial OIT value has been established for
from the Plastics Pipe Institute. These hydrostatic design a specific compound, subsequent OIT values can be used to
stresses may not be suitable for materials that show a wide
validate the stabilizer level in the pipe or compound without
departure from a straight-line plot of log stress versus log time
the need to run additional temperature tests. It should be
to failure. All the data available to date on PEX tubing
mentioned that OIT tests are not an indicator of life expectancy,
materials made in the United States exhibit a straight-line plot
under these plotting conditions. nor should differences in OIT values between compounds be
construed to indicate differences in the stabilizer effectiveness
X1.3 The hydrostatic design stresses and pressure ratings in of respective formulations.
Table 4 apply to SDR 9 PEX tubing meeting the requirements NOTE X1.1—As of this writing no precision and bias statement is
of this specification. available for the OIT tests and will have to be determined for each
compound as data is developed.
X1.4 The hydrostatic design stresses recommended by the
Plastics Pipe Institute are based on tests made on tubing

X2. UV LABELING GUIDELINES FOR PEX TUBING

X2.1 PEX tubing should be kept in original packaging until X2.3 The recommended text may be incorporated into
time of use, and it should not be used in direct sunlight. To existing labels with other information. The universal “no-sun”
inform customers and users about the need to prevent acciden- symbol may be shown in color, black-and-white or grayscale,
tal overexposure of PEX tubing to sunlight (UV light), it is and should be positioned close to the recommended text.
recommended that a UV CAUTION label be applied to all
PEX tubing packaging by the manufacturer. X2.4 Caution Label—Do not store PEX tubing unprotected
outdoors.
X2.2 The text and content of the recommended label is as
shown X2.4. "X" is the maximum cumulative time period as Keep PEX tubing in the original packaging or under
recommended by the tubing manufacturer for direct sunlight protective cover until time of installation.
exposure without harm to the long-term performance charac- Ensure that exposure to sunlight during installation does not
teristics of the PEX tubing. exceed the maximum recommended UV exposure time of "X".

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
10
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b

X3. DESIGN, ASSEMBLY, AND INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS

X3.1 Design X3.2 Installation

X3.1.1 Thermal Expansion—The linear expansion rate for X3.2.1 Storage and Handling—PEX tubing should be
PEX is approximately 1.1 in./10°F temperature change for stored under cover to avoid unnecessary dirt accumulation and
each 100 ft of tubing, or 28 mm/5.6°C temperature change for long-term exposure to sunlight. Tubing can be stored in coils of
each 30 m of tubing. When installing long runs of tubing, allow number size and length recommended by the manufacturer.
1⁄8 to 3⁄16 in. longitudinal clearance per ft (10 to 14 mm/m) of Care should be used in handling to ensure that unnecessary
run to accommodate thermal expansion. Tubing should not be abuse, such as abrasion on concrete or crushing, is avoided.
anchored rigidly to a support but allowed freedom of move- X3.2.2 Repairs—If a leak in PEX tubing is discovered, that
ment to expand and contract. portion of the system should be drained and the damaged
X3.1.2 Sweating—Even though the thermal conductivity of section of the tubing removed. A coupling of a type that is
PEX is several orders of magnitude lower than that of metal. approved for use with the specific PEX tubing and, if
sweating or condensation, at a slow rate may occur under necessary, short length(s) of tubing should be installed to
certain temperature and humidity conditions. replace the damaged section.
X3.2.3 Soldering in the Area—Soldered metal fittings
X3.1.3 Water Hammer and Surge—A PEX water system
should not be made closer than 18 in. (460 mm) to an installed
will withstand repeated pressure surges, well in excess of its
PEX-to-metal adapter in the same piece of tubing.
rated pressure, but water hammer arrestors may be advisable
when solenoid valves or other quick-closing devices are used X3.2.4 Hot Bending of Tubing—For hot bending use a
in the system. In designing for such situations, it is advisable to hot-air-gun with a so-called diffuser nozzle, not an open flame.
consult the tubing manufacturer for recommended surge pres- The hot air temperature meeting the tubing surface must not
sure limits. Water hammer and surge pressure calculations are exceed 338 °F (170 °C) and the heating up time must not
reviewed in AWWA Manual M-l 1. Steel Pipe Design and exceed 5 min. The tubing shall be heated until the material, at
Installation, Chapter 7.11. the bending point becomes translucent, approximately 265 °F
(130 °C), for non-colored pipes. Colored pipes will turn soft to
X3.1.4 Horizontal Support Spacing—The maximum recom- allow the bending. Experience will show how much heat is
mended spacing between horizontal supports is 32 in. (800 enough. Bend and fix the tubing in the bent position, using
mm) for nominal tube sizes up to 1 in. Maximum spacing for conventional tube bending tools with side support. Cool the
nominal sizes 11⁄4 and larger is 48 in. (1200 mm) or as stated tubing in water or air before removal of bending tool. Fix the
in the manufacturer’s instructions. Crosslinked polyethylene tubing by supports on both sides of the bend at installation. The
tubing should not be rigidly secured to a stud or joist but should minimum hot bending radius for PEX SDR 9 tubing is 2.5
be secured with smooth plastic strap hangers, which permit times outside diameter. Outside diameter is equal to nominal
ease of movement during expansion/contraction cycles. diameter plus 1⁄8 in. (see 3.1).
X3.1.5 When PEX tubing is to be used in sealed central X3.2.5 Cold Bending of Tubing—PEX SDR 9 tubing shall
heating systems, the fact that all plastics allow for a certain be bent at room temperature without the use of bending tools
amount of oxygen diffusion should be taken into consideration. down to a minimum bending radius of 6 times outside
diameter. Outside diameter is equal to nominal diameter plus 1⁄8
in. (see 3.1). Normal precaution is taken to avoid buckling or
11
Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy flattening. Fix the tubing by supports on both sides of the bend
Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org. at installation

X4. OPTIONAL PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION AND IN-PLANT QUALITY-CONTROL-PROGRAM FOR PEX TUBING

X4.1 Scope with the requirements of this specification. The test results
X4.1.1 The following program covers performance qualifi- shall be independently certified and shall be made available to
cation and in-plant quality control for component design and the purchaser on request. See Table X4.1.
manufacture respectively to provide reasonable assurance that
PEX tubing supplied under this specification shall consistently X4.3 In-Plant Quality Control
meet its requirements. X4.3.1 Material—The tubing material shall be PEX as
defined in Section 5 of this specification. The manufacturer
X4.2 Performance Qualifications shall so certify.
X4.2.1 Performance qualification tests shall be run initially X4.3.2 Tubing quality-control tests shall be run for each
on each tubing design, size, and formulation in accordance extrusion line in accordance with the requirements of this

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
11
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
TABLE X4.1 Type Test Program TABLE X4.2 Suggested Quality-Control Program
Component Property Requirement Component Property Frequency Requirements
Tubing Hydrostatic design basis ASTM D2837 Tubing Workmanship continuously 6.1
for each temperature Dimensions hourly 6.2
... Potable Water NSF/ANSI 14 Density weekly 6.3
... Chlorine Resistance ASTM F2023 Burst Pressure daily 6.5
... UV Resistance ASTM F2657 Sustained pressure 3 months 6.4
Environmental stress cracking yearly 6.6
Degree of crosslinking 3 days 6.7
Bent tubing yearly 6.11

specification at a frequency agreed upon between the purchaser

and the manufacturer. The program outlined in Table X4.2 is the previous acceptable test result and tested to determine
recommended. The test results shall be recorded and filed for which specimens produced in the interim do not meet the
inspection on request. Should a specimen fail to meet the requirement. Specimens that do not meet the requirements of
specification in any test, production should be sampled back to this specification shall be rejected.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee F17 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F876–20a)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved December 15, 2020.)

(1) Removed 6.13.1. (2) Inserted Note 7.

Committee F17 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F876–20)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved November 1, 2020.)

(1) Revised specimen length requirements in 7.6. (7) Re-numbered Table 6 to Table 7 and revised to remove
(2) Specified that one specimen each is required to be tested to requirement to perform Burst Testing at 200 °F (93 °C).
6.12.1 and 6.12.2. (8) Revised Table Table X4.2 to correct requirements section
(3) Added a new Table 6 for 165-hour Hydrostatic Sustained references.
Pressure testing. (9) Revised 7.8 to permit testing the ESCR of tubing at
(4) Revise 6.4 and 7.6 to permit use of the 165-hour Hydro- temperature 200 °F (93 °C) only and to specify tolerances on
static Sustained Pressure testing. ESCR test conditions which did not have tolerance limits
(5) Added 7.7.1 to allow burst testing for original product specified.
approval and for routine production monitoring. (10) Added new Note 9, Note 10, Note 11, and Note 12,
(6) Replaced “fiber stress” with “hoop stress” in Table 5 and renumbering subsequent Notes.
Table 6.

Committee F17 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F876–19a)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2020.)

(1) Revised 6.9. (3) Inserted Note 5.

(2) Inserted 6.10. (4) Renumbered previous 6.10, 6.11, 6.12.

Committee F17 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F876–19)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved August 1, 2019.)

(1) Revised 2.1 and 7.9 to permit the use of both Test Methods
D2765 and Test Method F3203 for determination of the degree
of crosslinking.

Committee F17 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F876–17)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2019.)

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
12
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F876 − 20b
(1) Revised marking requirements for pressure-temperature (2) Added Note 15.
ratings in 10.2.6.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 16 04:51:57 EST 2021
13
Downloaded/printed by
Philip Wark (none) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.