Harvest Christian School International

24-B Tres Borces Street, Mabolo, Cebu City

MATH 102 - Introduction

to Statistics and Probability
Preliminary Exam
(UNIT 1-10)

Name: ______________________________ Date: ____________ Score: _________

Test I. Multiple Choice.

Direction: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. It has an infinite number of values that can take decimal or fractional values.
A. discrete random variable C. continuous random variable
B. normal random variable D. random variable

2. It is a function that associates a numerical value with every outcome of an

experiment.
A. discrete random variable C. continuous random variable
B. normal random variable D. random variable

3. It has a finite number of possible values or an infinite number of values that can be
counted.
A. discrete random variable C. continuous random variable
B. normal random variable D. random variable

4. It is a smaller group or subset of the population in question.

A. parameter C. population
B. statistic D. sample

5. It is a group where members have something in common.

A. parameter C. population
B. statistic D. sample

6. It is usually used when it is not possible to obtain a representative sample with only
one of the aforementioned techniques.
A. Stratified Random Sampling C. Simple Random Sampling
B. Multistage Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

7. It involves selecting a simple random sample from each of a given number of

subpopulations proportionally.
A. Stratified Random Sampling C. Simple Random Sampling
 B. Multistage Sampling D. Cluster Sampling
8. It is a subset of a statistical population in which every member of the population has
an equal chance of being chosen as the sample.
A. Stratified Random Sampling C. Simple Random Sampling
B. Multistage Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

9. It is a sampling method where the population is first divided into separate groups.
A. Stratified Random Sampling C. Simple Random Sampling
B. Multistage Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

10. It is used to estimate a population parameter using a single number.

A. point estimator C. standard error
B. interval estimator D. margin of error

11. It is the gap between an estimated value and the actual value of the parameter.
A. point estimator C. standard error
B. interval estimator D. margin of error

12. It is used to measure the accuracy with which the sample represents the
population.
A. point estimator C. standard error
B. interval estimator D. margin of error

13. It is used to estimate a population parameter using a range of values.

A. point estimator C. standard error
B. interval estimator D. margin of error

14. It is an interval estimate of a parameter that is constructed using a confidence

level.
A. point estimate C. confidence level
B. interval estimate D. confidence interval

15. It is the probability that the interval estimate will contain the true population
parameter.
A. point estimate C. confidence level
B. interval estimate D. confidence interval
Test II. Enumeration.

Direction: Give what is asked.

1. 2 types of a random variable

 Discrete Random Variable

 Continuous Random Variable

2. 5 important properties of the mean

 The mean is found by using all the values of the data.

 The mean varies less than the median or mode when samples are taken from the
same population and all three measures are computed for these samples.

 The mean is used in computing other statistics, such as the variance.

 The mean for the data set is unique.

 The mean cannot be computed for the data in a frequency.

3. 2 important properties of the variance

 Variance cannot be negative because its squares are either positive or zero.

 The variance of a constant value is equivalent to zero.

4. 5 sampling technique

 Simple random sampling

 Systematic sampling
 Stratified random sampling
 Cluster sampling
 Multistage sampling
Test III. Discrete or Continuous.

Direction: For each of the following scenarios, give an example of a discrete and a
continuous random variable. The first one is done as an example.

Scenario Discrete Random Continuous Random

Variable Variable
Taking a quiz a. whether a particular b. Quiz score of a
student pass (which particular student
will be denoted by 1)
or fail (which will be
denoted by 2)
Asking your classmates c. d.
about their breakfast
Making an order at a e. f.
fast food restaurant
Uploading a picture in a g. h.
social media
Buying pairs of shoes i. j.
Writing a manuscript k. l.

Test IV. Interpretation.

Direction: Give the interpretations of the following. (2pts.each)

1.  +  = 0.682
2.  + 2= 0.954
3.  + 3= 0.997
4.  - = 0.682
5.  - 2= 0.954
6.  - 3= 0.997
Test V. Fill in the blanks.

Directions: Fill in the blanks to complete each characteristic. Choose your answer
from the box.

median center 99.74%

symmetric mean 68.26%
mode tails 95.44%

1. A normal distribution is ___symmetric___ about its mean.

2. The __mean___, __median__, and ___mode___ of a normal distribution are all
equal.
3. A normal distribution is thicker at the __center__ and less thick at the __tails___.
4. Approximately __68.26%_ of the area of a normal distribution is within one standard
deviation of the mean.
5. Approximately __95.44%_ of the area of a normal distribution is within two standard
deviations of the mean.
6. Approximately __99.74%__ of the area of a normal distribution is within three
standard deviations of the mean.

Test VI. Z-score.

Directions: Write the corresponding area on each of the following Z-score below.
Answer must be in a percentage form.
1. -0.56 = 28.77% 11. 1.2 = 88.49%
2. 1.07 = 85.77% 12. 1.06 = 85.54%
3. -2.53 = .57% 13. 2.87 = 99.79%
4. 2.05 = 97.98% 14. -2.57 = .51%
5. -1.5 = 6.68% 15. 2.57 = 99.49%
6. -1.82 = 3.44% 16. -2.06 = 1.97%
7. 2.68 = 99.63% 17. 1.91 = 97.19%
8. -0.57 = 28.43% 18. 1.35 = 91.15%
9. -1.42 = 7.78% 19. -1.51 = 6.55%
10. -0.89 = 18.67% 20. 1.51 = 93.45%
Test VII. Identification.

Direction: Choose your answer from the box the corresponding sampling technique
being illustrated.

Simple Random Sampling Stratified Random Sampling

1-in-k Systematic Random Sampling
Cluster Sampling Multistage Sampling

_____systematic_____ 1. Every 8th person boarding a plane is searched thoroughly.

_____________________ 2. At a university, five math classes are randomly selected
out of 15 and all of the students from each class are interviewed.
____ stratified ___ 3. A researcher randomly selects and interviews thirty male
and thirty female teachers.
______ cluster ______ 4. A researcher for an airline interview all of the passengers
on ten randomly selected flights.
_____________________ 5. Based on 5 000 responses from 12 000 survey forms sent
to its alumni, a big university estimated that the average
monthly salary of its alumni is ₱25 500.
_____________________ 6. A college student interviews everyone in a Mathematics
class to determine the percentage of students that live in a
dormitory.
_____________________ 7. A market researcher randomly selects 100 drivers under
35 years of age and 50 drivers over 35 years of age.
_____________________ 8. All of the teachers from 100 randomly selected senior high
schools are interviewed.
_____________________ 9. To avoid working late, the quality control manager
examines the last 20 items produced that day.
___ simple random____ 10. The names of 50 contestants are written on 50 cards.
The cards are placed in a bag then three names are picked from the bag.

Test VIII. Solving.

Direction: Solve what is asked. Show your solutions.

1. X and Y are independent random variables with E(X) = 2, E(Y) = 4, Var(X) = 3, and
Var(Y) = 1. Find the following:
a. E(4X-5) = 4(2)-5= 3
b. E(XY) = 4(2) = 8
c. E(X+Y) = 2+4= 6

2. X and Y are independent random variables with E(X) = 2, E(Y) = 4, Var(X) = 3, and
Var(Y) = 1. Find the following:
a. Var(4X-5)
b. Var(3X-2Y)
3. A normally distributed set of data has a mean of  = 23.6 and a standard
deviation of  = 2.76. Construct the normal curve of the data.

4. What is the Z-score of 40 in a math test when the mean is 58 with a standard
deviation of 9?
5. The variance of a sampling distribution of the sample mean is 16. What is the
standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?

6. What is the best point estimate of the population mean  if a sample consisting of
19, 20, 26, 29 and 36 is obtained from the population?
7. Given the probability distribution of a discrete random variable X below, find P(X=1).

X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 1 ? 1 1
4 3 6