UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS

FSC 840: Research Methods for Sciences, 2017/2018

TEST
Instruction: Answer ALL Questions. Time Allowed: 1.5 hours
5
∑ ( X i −3)
1. What is i=1 if X: 1,3,5,7,9 ? A. 5 B. 6 C. 3 D. 10
5
∑ X 2i
2. What is i=1 if X: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 ? A. 60 B. 100 C. 36 D. 220
3. What is the mode of the following numbers 1,8,8,10,9,2,7,8,2,2,4,1,1,8,7,1
A. 8 B. 8 and 1 C. 1 D. None of the above
4. Find the median of the following scores
Scores(x 61 64 67 70 73
)
Freq. (f) 5 8 4 7 8
A. 65 B. 67.45 C. 67 D. 68
5. When is a distribution not symmetric?
I. Mean=Mode=Median II. Mean – Mode = 3(Mean – Median)
A. I only B. I or II C. II only D. None of the Above
6. Find the standard deviation (σ) of the data 1,4,6,8,9,10,11. A. 3.27 B. 2.494 C. 8.33 D. 7.34
7. What is the coefficient of variance(σ) of 1,4,6,8,9,10,11 ?
A. 25.17% B. 35.55% C. 27.43% D. 47.76%
8. What is the variance (σ) of 1,4,6,8,9,10,11? A. 10.22 B. 6.22 C. 10.71 D. 37.34
9. Find the mean of the set of data: 97, 91, 94, 90, 89, 85. A. 95 B. 91 C. 90 D. 92
10. The median of the following set of numbers 9,3,10,6,11,4,12,5,7,8 is …
A. 7.5 B. 7 C. 8 D. None of the above
11. A pictorial representation of data is called
A. Venn’s diagram B. Bar chart C. pictogram D. Pie charts
12. The weights of babies born in a particular month are … data.
A. continuous B. Discrete C. rank D. Composite
13. Number of telephone calls received per day by a receptionist would be distributed as ….
A. Binomial B. Normal C. Poisson D. Bernoulli.
14. A subset of the population is called … A. event B. sample C. census D. data
15. A graph obtained by plotting cumulative frequency against upper class boundary is called …
A. dot graph B. line curve C. Ogive D. frequency curve.
16. U ~ Poisson (m). The coefficient of variation of U is
1 1
−
−1 2 2
A. m×100 % B. m ×100 % C. m ×100 % D. m ×100 %
17. The probability of an event occurring in a binomial experiment is 0.65, if the experiment is repeated
200 times; find the mean and the standard deviation.
A (130, 45.5) B (130, 455) C (130, 6.75) D (130, 67.5)
18. Let X be the number of heads in three tosses of a coin. Assume four possible values (0, 1, 2, 3) of X.
Find the mean and variance.

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 A (1.5, 4.5) B (4.5, 1.5) C (1. 5, 0.67) D ( 1.5, 0.75)
19. A Poisson (m) and Binomial (n, p ) approximate normal when
A. npq ¿ 5, m ¿ 10 B. npq¿ 5, m ¿ 10 C. npq ¿ 5 , m ¿ 10 D. npq ¿ 5, m ¿ 10
20. A random experiment in which the outcome can be classified into one of two mutually and exhaustive
ways is called … A. Bernoulli B. Binomial C. Poisson D. Normal
21. A student is to answer all the five questions in an examination. It is believed that the sequence in
which the questions are answered may have a countable effect on the performance of the student. In
how many different orders can the questions be answered?
A. 5C5 B. 5! C. 5P4 D. 5x4x3 E. 4x3x2
22. If a woman has 10 blouses and 6 skirts, in how many ways can she choose a dress, assuming any
combination of blouse and shirt matches. A. 60 B. 90 C. 45 D. 50
23. A club consist of 15 members. In how many ways can a committee of 3 be chosen?
A. 455 B. 1355 C. 105 D. 91 E. None
24. A club consists of 10 men and 5 women. In how many ways can a committee of 6
consisting of 4 men and 2 women be chosen?
A. 10P4 x 5P2 B. 10C4 x 5C2 C. 15C6 D. 15C6 x 10C4 E. 10P4 x 15P6
25. X has a standard normal distribution. Find P( X ≤0 .5 ) . A 0.9615 B 0.6915 C 0.9516 D
0.6951
26. X has a standard normal distribution. Evaluate P( X =0 .5 ) . A 0.5 B 0.6915 C 0.01
D 0

27.
z
X has a standard normal distribution. Calculate 0 if
P(|Z|<z )=. 9901
0 . A. 2.33 B. 2.34 C. 2.25
D. 0.33
28. If a random sample of size 25 yields an average of 10 and a standard deviation of 15. What is the
lower 95% confidence limit for the population mean? A. 11.76 B. 15.88 C. 4.12 D. 20.00
29. Let X ~ Bi(100,0.04). To use normal approximation to the binomial probabilities, what are the values
of µ and σ, respectively? A. 4, 3.84 B. 3.84, 4 C. 4, 1.96 D. 1.96, 4
30. X ~ N(60, 16); P(X ≥ 56) is A. 0.1587 B. 0.8413 C. 0.2432 D. 0.56
31. A sampling procedure in which all units in the population have equal chance of inclusion in the
sample is ---------- sampling
A. stratified B. cluster C. systematic D. simple random
32. Type II error refers to error committed when ……..
A. a true null hypothesis is rejected B. a true null hypothesis is accepted
C. a false null hypothesis is rejected D. a false null hypothesis is accepted
33. In hypothesis testing, a region in which the value of the test statistic leads to rejecting the null
hypothesis is called …..
A. null region B. critical region C. acceptance region D. significance region
34. The monthly sales of a product by two distributors A and B of a company over 5 randomly selected
months from a population with unknown variance are considered for testing the null hypothesis
μ A =μB against the alternative hypothesis μ A ≠μB at 5% level of significance. Determine the degrees of
freedom for the test.
A. 8 B. 10 C. 5 D. 5.667

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35. The monthly sales of a product by two distributors A and B of a company over 5 randomly selected
months from a population with unknown variance are considered for testing the null hypothesis
μ A =μB against the alternative hypothesis μ A ≠μB at 5% level of significance. The critical value for the
test is …
A. 1.860 B. 1.812 C. 2.306 D. 2.228
36. The monthly sales of a product by two distributors A and B of a company over 5 randomly selected
months from a population with unknown variance are considered for testing the null hypothesis
μ A =μB against the alternative hypothesis μ A ≠μB at 5% level of significance. The test is a …… test.
A. one-tailed B. lower-tailed C. upper-tailed D. two-tailed.
37. If a sample of 25 is drawn from a population with mean µ = 48 and standard deviation 16, what is the
mean and standard error of X̄ . A. 48, 3.2 B. 48. 0.8 C. 48, 16 D. 48, 5
38. ^ is used to estimate the population proportion P and n is the sample size, what is Var ( ^p ) ?
If p
p^ (1− ^p ) p^ (1− ^p )
A. ^p (1− p^ ) B. (1− p^ ) C. n−1 D. n .
39. One of the following is not a possible alternative hypothesis.
A.
μ≠μ0 B.
μ> μ
0 C.
μ< μ
0 D.
μ=μ
0.
40. Condemning an innocent person is committing type --------- error
A. I B. II C. III D. 0
4
∑ X 2i
41. Evaluate i =2 if X = 1,3,5,7,9 ? A. 15 B. 25 C. 83 D. 165
42. What name is given to the most frequently observed value in a distribution?
A. Median B. Mode C. Frequency D. Mean
43. Find the harmonic mean of the following numbers: 3, 2, 5, 4.
A. 1.32 B. 0.125 C. 3.125 D. 0.32
44. One of the following is true of a probability p of a random event.
A. 0< p≤1 B. 0≤p <1 C. 0< p< 1 D. 0≤p≤1
45. When comparing samples, the best sample should have ---------- mean absolute deviation.
A. smallest B. 0 C. largest D. no
46. Find the geometric mean of the set of data 3, 4, 2, 5 A. 3.31 B. 2.21 C. 4.31 D. 2.31
47. A pictorial representation of data is called ………
A venn diagram B bar chart C pictogram D pie charts
48. Data on family size are … data.
A. continuous B. discrete C. rank D. composite
49. Gender of students is an example of …… variable.
A. continuous B. discrete C. categorical D. composite
50. A statistic is summary of information based on --------.
A. event B. sample C. census D. Population
51. A quantity whose value can be obtained from a population is called …
A. census B. survey C. data D. parameter.
52. Data from annual year book of a bank is ….

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 A. continuous B. secondary C. nominal D. primary
53. A continuous random variable takes on values at …………....
A. a point B. a count C. an interval D. infinity

54. If X is a discrete random variable with p( x )=P ( X=x ) , the formula ∑

xp( x) defines what concept
in Statistics. A. Variance of X B. Standard deviation of X C. Mean of X D.
density of X
55. In how many ways can 5 committee members be seated round a conference table?
A. 5! B. 7! C. 4! D. 3!
56. When a Bernoulli experiment is repeated n times with constant probability of success p, the resulting
distribution is ….. A. Bernoulli B. Binomial C. Poisson D. Normal
57. A box contains 2 red balls and 4 green balls. If a ball is picked at random, what is the probability that
it is a red ball? A. 2/3 B. 1/3 C. 1/6 D. ½
58. A committee of 3 is to be formed from 10 members of a club. In how many ways can this be done if
the club chairman must be selected? A. 60 B. 45 C. 120 D. 36
59. A club consists of 15 members. In how many ways can a committee of 5 be chosen such that a
13 15 13 15
particular couple is included? A. C 3 B. C5 C. C5 D. C3

60. A random variable has the following probability mass function. Find P(Y ≤4 ) .
y 2 4 5 6
P(y) 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1
A. 0.3 B. 0.7 C. 0.5 D. 0.2

61. Y has a normal distribution with mean = 15 and variance 9. Evaluate P(Y =30) .
A 0.5 B 0.6915 C 0.01 D 0
62. An appropriate test for significant relationship between two categorical variables is …..
A. t-test B. chi-square test C. one-way ANOVA D. none of the above
63. If a random sample of size 9 yields an average of 6 and a standard deviation of 5. Compute the 95%
confidence interval for the population mean?
A. (4.12, 15.88) B. (3.33, 9.84) C. (2.16, 15.88) D. (2.16, 9.84)
64. In One-way ANOVA, the distribution of the test statistic is ------------. A. F B. t C. z D. q
65. X ~ N(60, 16); P(X < 56) is ….. A. 0.1587 B. 0.8413 C. 0.2432 D. 0.56
66. In stratified random sampling the entire population is divided into distinct groups called ----.
A. strata B. clusters C. systems D. samples
67. Stratification involves dividing the entire population into distinct groups on the basis of ----.
A. proximity B. clusters C. homogeneity D. samples
68. Clustering involves dividing the entire population into distinct groups on the basis of ----.
A. proximity B. clusters C. homogeneity D. samples
69. One of the following is true of a correlation coefficient r.
A. 0≤r≤1 B. −1<r ≤1 C. −1≤r≤1 D. −1<r <1
70. The compliment of the critical region is called …..
A. null region B. critical region C. acceptance region D. significance region
71. In a chi-square test involving 3 by 4 contingency table, the degrees of freedom is …..

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 A. 8 B. 12 C. 7 D. 6
72. A random sample that has equal mean and variance is from the … distribution.
A. Posson B. Binomial C. Bernoulli D. normal
73. In a regression model of the form
Y = β + β 1 X +e , β 0 is …. coefficient.
0

A. intercept B. slope C. fitted D. error

74. In a regression model of the form
Y = β + β 1 X +e , β 1 is ….
0

A. intercept B. slope C. fitted D. error

75. In a regression model of the form
Y = β + β 1 X +e , e is called the ….
0

A. intercept B. intercept C. fitted D. error

76. In a regression model of the form
Y = β + β X +e ^
0 1 , Y is called the ….
A. slope B. intercept C. fitted D. error
77. Temperature is not measurable on ratio scale because it lacks ………
A. distance B. order C. magnitude D. absolute origin
78. If a sample of 25 is drawn from a population with mean µ = 48 and unknown standard deviation,
what kind of test is required to test the null hypothesis H0:
μ=μ
0 , against the alternative μ≠μ
0.
A. z test B. independent t test C. one sample test D. paired sample t test.
79. If a sample of 25 is drawn from a population with mean µ = 48 and unknown standard deviation,
what is the degrees of freedom to test the null hypothesis H0:
μ=μ
0 , against the alternative 0. μ≠μ
A. 25 B. 20 C. 24 D. 48
80. If a sample of size n is drawn from a population with mean µ = 48 and unknown standard deviation,
what is the test statistic to test the null hypothesis H0:
μ=μ 0 . against the alternative μ≠μ 0 .
X̄−μ X̄−μ
X̄−μ σ X̄−μ S
A. S B. √ n C. σ D. √ n .
81. A random variable has the following probability mass function. Find P(2≤Y < 5) .
y 2 4 5 6
P(y) 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1
A. 0.4 B. 0.5 C. 0.7 D. 0.8
82. A plot of the ( x i , y i ) data points to reveal pattern of relationship between X and Y is known as …….
A. scatter diagram B. bar chart C. fitted line D. error bars
83. How many independent variables are included in a simple linear regression model?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
84. A sum of squares divided degrees of freedom is called what?
A. absolute deviation B. mean deviation C. mean squares D. standard error
85. The number of students admitted into the Faculty of Science of a college is represented in the chart
below. What is the angle (in degrees) represented by Mathematics?

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 Number of students
25 30 Mathematics
Physics
Computer Science
Geophysics
40 Chemistry
60

25

A. 30 B. 75 C. 40 D. 60

86. The number of students admitted into the Faculty of Science of a college is represented in the chart
below. What percentage of students is admitted into Computer Science?

Number of students
25 30
Mathematics
Physics
Computer Science
Geophysics
40 Chemistry
60

25

A. 30.50 B. 16.67 C. 45.17 D. 13.89

87. The table below represents the age group of individuals in a study.
Age 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50
Group
Freq. (f) 5 4 7 3 1
Find the class mid-point for those in age group 11-20. A. 15 B. 15.5 C. 11.20 D. 5.50
88. The table below represents the age group of individuals in a study.
Age 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50
Group
Freq. (f) 5 4 7 3 1
Find the modal age for the individuals. A. 21.68 B. 20.5 C. 11.20 D. 24.79
89. The table below represents the age group of individuals in a study.
Age 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50
Group
Freq. (f) 5 4 7 3 1
Find the median age for the individuals. A. 21.93 B. 35.58 C. 25.45 D. 28.79
90. The table below represents the age group of individuals in a study.

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 Age 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50
Group
Freq. (f) 5 4 7 3 1
Find the relative frequency of age group 31-40. A. 0.16 B. 0.15 C. 0.28 D. 0.78
91. Let two events A and B be independent. Find P(A∩B) if P(A) = 0.5 and P(B) = 0.2.
A. 0.2 B. 0.5 C. 0.1 D. 0.7
92. Let two events A and B be mutually exclusive. Then P(A∩B) = ……
A. 0.1 B. 0.2 C. 0 D. 0.5
93. Find the probability of getting 2 heads when a coin is tossed twice.
A. 1/3 B. 1/4 C. 1/8 D. 3/8
94. Find the probability of getting no head when three coins are tossed together.
A. 1/3 B. 1/4 C. 1/8 D. 3/8
95. The set of all possible outcome of a random experiment is called a ……
A. sample space B. event C. sample D. probability
96. One of the following is a non-probability sampling technique.
A. cluster sampling B. systematic sampling C. purposeful sampling D. stratified sampling
97. Census to a population is a …. to a sample.
A. statistic B. combination C. survey D. enumeration
98. If A and B are not mutually exclusive event and P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.2 and P(A∩B) = 0.4.
Find P(AUB). A. 0.3 B. 0.7 C. 0.5 D. 0.9
99. If A and B are independent events, then the probability of event A occurring given that event B had
already occurred is given by …
A. P(A∩B) B. P(A∩B)/P(A) C. P(B) D. P(A)
100. A known theorem in the study of probability is the ……. Theorem.
A. Crammer’s B. Simpson’s C. Pearson’s D. Baye’s

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ANSWERS

1. D
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. C
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. A
18. D
19. B
20. A
21. B
22. A
23. A
24. A
25. B
26. D
27. A
28. C
29. C
30. A
31. D
32. D
33. B
34. A
35. C
36. D
37. D
38. D
39. D
40. A
41. C
42. B
43. C
44. D
45. A
46. A
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 47. C
48. B
49. C
50. B
51. D
52. B
53. C
54. C
55. C
56. B
57. B
58. D
59. A
60. B
61. D
62. B
63. D
64. C
65. B
66. A
67. C
68. A
69. C
70. C
71. D
72. A
73. A
74. B
75. A
76. B
77. D
78. C
79. C
80. D
81. D
82. A
83. A
84. C
85. D
86. B
87. B
88. D
89. A
90. B
91. C
92. C
93. B
94. C
95. A
96. C
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 97. C/
98. A
99. D
100 D

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