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Experiment No. 3: Angle Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)

The document discusses three angular measuring instruments: 1. An optical vernier bevel protector that measures angles between planes using a fixed blade, movable blade, and vernier scale with a least count of 5 minutes of arc. 2. A sine bar that measures taper angles using trigonometry, with the angle calculated based on the height of slip gauges inserted under one roller and the distance between roller centers. 3. A clinometer that can measure larger angles by rotating a spirit level mounted in a frame to the desired angle relative to a horizontal reference.

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226 views7 pages

Experiment No. 3: Angle Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)

The document discusses three angular measuring instruments: 1. An optical vernier bevel protector that measures angles between planes using a fixed blade, movable blade, and vernier scale with a least count of 5 minutes of arc. 2. A sine bar that measures taper angles using trigonometry, with the angle calculated based on the height of slip gauges inserted under one roller and the distance between roller centers. 3. A clinometer that can measure larger angles by rotating a spirit level mounted in a frame to the desired angle relative to a horizontal reference.

Uploaded by

T.M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Angle Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)

EXPERIMENT NO. 3

Aim: Study & Application of Angular Measuring Instruments

A) Optical Vernier Bevel Protector

Objective:
Measure angle between different planes of a given object by using bevel protector

Construction:
Various Components of Bevel Protectors are given as follow:
Body: It is designed in such a way that its back is flat and there are no projections beyond its back
so that when the bevel protector is placed on its back on a surface plate there shall be no
perceptible rock. The flatness of the working edge of the stock and body is tested by checking the
squareness of blade with respect to stock when blade is set at 90 0.

Figure 3.1 Bevel Protector


Stock: The working edge of the stock is about 90 mm in length and 7 mm thick. It is very essential
that the working edge of the stock be perfectly straight and if at all departure is there, it should be
in the form of concavity and of the order of 0.01 mm maximum over the whole span.
Blade: It can be moved along the turret throughout its length and can also be reversed. It is about
150 or 300 mm long, 13 mm wide and 2 mm thick and ends beveled at angles of 45 0 and 600 within
the accuracy of 5 minutes of arc. Its working edge should be straight upto 0.02 mm and parallel
upto 0.03 mm over the entire length of 300 mm. It can be clamped in any position.

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Government Polytechnic Porbandar 3.1
Angle Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)
Actual Angle Attachment: It can be readily fitted into body and clamped in any position. Its
working edge should be flat to within 0.005 mm and parallel to the working edge of the stock
within 0.015 mm over the entire length of attachment.
The bevel protectors are tested for flatness, squareness, parallelism, straightness and angular
intervals by suitable methods.

Least Count:
The vernier scale has 12 divisions each side of the centre zero. These 12 divisions occupy the
same space as 23 degrees on the main scale. Therefore each division of the vernier is equal to
0
11
1/12 of 230 or 1 . Since 2 divisions on the main scale equals 2 degrees of arc, the difference
12
0
11
between 2 divisions on the main scale and one division on the vernier scale is 20- 1 =
12
1/120= 5 minutes of arc.

Procedure:
1. The given work piece is cleaned before taking measurement.
2. The fixed blade of the bevel protractor is made to coincide with the reference surface of
work piece.
3. Move the movable blade of protractor to coincide with outer surface.
4. The angle between the blades is taken from protractor after noting main scale and
vernier scale reading.

Figure 3.2 How to read Bevel Protector

Precautions in the use of bevel protector


1. Angle of instrument must coincide with the angular scale
2. Clean the measuring faces with paper or cloth. Keep the instrument in the box properly.
3. Set the zero reading of the instrument before measuring
4. Gripped the instrument to the measuring face exactly

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Government Polytechnic Porbandar 3.2
Angle Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)
Observations:
Range: __________________
Least Count (L.C.):____________________
Error of Bevel Protector = __________________
Object Sr. Main Scale Division of Vernier Total Average Corrected
Feature No. Reading Vernier Scale Scale (C’=A+B) (C) Reading
(A) Matching with Reading (C-Error)
Main Scale (B=n*LC)
Division
(n)

Conclusion:

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Government Polytechnic Porbandar 3.3
Angle Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)
B) Sine Bar

Aim: Measure the taper angle of a work piece by using sine bar.

Apparatus:
Sine bar, Slip gauge, Surface Plate, Clamps Lightening work piece, Dial indicator with stand,
Taper work pieces

Working Principle:
Sine bar is based upon laws of trigonometry. To set a given angle one roller of the bar is placed
on the surface plate and the combination of slip gauges is inserted under the second roller as
shown in the figure 3.3 If h is the height of the combination of the slip gauges, l is the distance
between roller centers,
Then, θ = sin-1 (h/l)
The angle can be measured as a function of sine. Thus, it is called sine bar.

Construction:
It consists of a steel bar and two rollers. The sine bar is made of high carbon, high chromium
corrosion resistant steel, suitable hardened precision ground and stabilized. The rollers are of
accurate and equal diameters. They are attached to the bar at each end. The axes of these
rollers are parallel to each other and upper surface of the bar.

Figure 3.3 Sine Bar


l = distance between centres of ground cylinders
h = height of the gauge blocks
= the angle of the plate
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Government Polytechnic Porbandar 3.4
Angle Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)
Procedure:
1. The sine bar is made to rest on surface plate with rollers contacting the datum.
2. Place the component on sine bar and lock it in position.
3. Lift one end of the roller of sine bar and place a pack of slip gauge, underneath the roller.
4. The dial gauge is set at one end of the work and move along the upper surface of the
component.
5. If there is a variation in parallelism of the upper surface of the component and the
surface plate, it is indicated by the dial gauge.
6. The combination of slip gauge is so adjusted that the upper surface of the component is
truly parallel with the surface plate.

7. The angle of the component is then calculated by the relation

Limitations:
1. Sine bar is reliable for angles less than 150, and becomes increasingly inaccurate as the
angle increases. It is impractical to use sine bars for angle above 450.
2. It is physically clumsy to hold in position.
3. Slightly errors of the sine bar cause larger angular errors.
4. Size of the parts which can be impacted by sine bar is limited.

Sine centre:
Due to difficulty of mounting conical work easily on a conventional sine bar, sine centres are
used as shown in figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4 angle measurement by using sine centre

Source of error:
1. Error in distance between roller centers.
2. Error in parallelism between the gauging surface and plane of roller axes.
3. Error in parallelism of roller axes with each other.
4. Error in flatness of the upper surface of the bar.

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Government Polytechnic Porbandar 3.5
Angle Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)
Observation:
Object Distance between
Sr. No. Slip gauge height, h Angle
Feature roller
1
2
3
Calculation:

Conclusion:

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Government Polytechnic Porbandar 3.6
Angle Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)
C) Clinometer

Objective:
To study of angle measurement by using clinometers

Construction and working:


The clinometer is a special case of spirit level. While the spirit level is restricted to relatively
small angles, clinometers can be used for much larger angles.
It comprises a level mounted in a frame so that the frame may be turned to any desired angle to
a horizontal reference. It is used to determine straightness and flatness of surfaces.
It is also used for setting inclinable table on jig boring machine and angular jobs on surface
grinding machines.

Figure 3.5 Clinometer


To measure with clinometers, the base is kept on the surface of the work piece. The lock nut is
loosened and the dial comprising the circular scale is gently rotated till the bubble in the spirit
level is approximately at the centre. Now, the lock nut is tightened and the fine adjustment nut
is operated till the bubble is exactly at the centre of the vial scale. The reading is then viewed
through the eyepiece.

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Government Polytechnic Porbandar 3.7

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