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Chemical Reactions and Equations: Activity 1.1activity 1.1activity 1.1activity 1.1activity 1.1

1. The document discusses chemical reactions and equations. It provides examples of chemical reactions that occur in everyday situations like food cooking, digestion, respiration, and describes how these reactions can be identified by changes in state, color, gas evolution or temperature. 2. It then describes three activities demonstrating chemical reactions: burning magnesium ribbon produces magnesium oxide ash; zinc reacts with acid to produce hydrogen gas; and lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide, changing color. 3. Chemical reactions can be represented using word equations showing reactants on the left and products on the right, with an arrow indicating the reaction direction. For example, the reaction of magnesium and oxygen is represented as magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide.

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AMIR RAZA
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55 views3 pages

Chemical Reactions and Equations: Activity 1.1activity 1.1activity 1.1activity 1.1activity 1.1

1. The document discusses chemical reactions and equations. It provides examples of chemical reactions that occur in everyday situations like food cooking, digestion, respiration, and describes how these reactions can be identified by changes in state, color, gas evolution or temperature. 2. It then describes three activities demonstrating chemical reactions: burning magnesium ribbon produces magnesium oxide ash; zinc reacts with acid to produce hydrogen gas; and lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide, changing color. 3. Chemical reactions can be represented using word equations showing reactants on the left and products on the right, with an arrow indicating the reaction direction. For example, the reaction of magnesium and oxygen is represented as magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide.

Uploaded by

AMIR RAZA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical Reactions

and Equations
1CHAPTER
C onsider the following situations of daily life and think what happens
when –
n milk is left at room temperature during summers.
n an iron tawa/pan/nail is left exposed to humid atmosphere.
n grapes get fermented.
n food is cooked.
n food gets digested in our body.
n we respire.
In all the above situations, the nature and the identity of the initial
substance have somewhat changed. We have already learnt about physical
and chemical changes of matter in our previous classes. Whenever a chemical
change occurs, we can say that a chemical reaction has taken place.
You may perhaps be wondering as to what is actually meant by a
chemical reaction. How do we come to know that a chemical reaction
has taken place? Let us perform some activities to find the answer to
these questions.
Figure 1.1
Burning of a magnesium ribbon in air and collection of magnesium
oxide in a watch-glass
Activity 1.1Activity 1.1Activity 1.1Activity 1.1Activity 1.1
CAUTION: This Activity needs
the teacher’s assistance. It
would be better if students
wear suitable eyeglasses.
n Clean a magnesium ribbon
about 3-4 cm long by rubbing
it with sandpaper.
n Hold it with a pair of tongs.
Burn it using a spirit lamp or
burner and collect the ash so
formed in a watch-glass as
shown in Fig. 1.1. Burn the
magnesium ribbon keeping it
away as far as possible from
your eyes.
n What do you observe?
“Facts are not science — as the dictionary is not literature.”
Martin H. Fischer2022-23
Science2
Activity 1.2Activity 1.2Activity 1.2Activity 1.2Activity 1.2
Figure 1.2Figure 1.2Figure 1.2Figure 1.2Figure 1.2
Formation of hydrogen
gas by the action of
dilute sulphuric acid on
zinc
From the above three activities, we can say that any of
the following observations helps us to determine whether
a chemical reaction has taken place –
n change in state
n change in colour
n evolution of a gas
n change in temperature.
As we observe the changes around us, we can see
that there is a large variety of chemical reactions taking
place around us. We will study about the various types
of chemical reactions and their symbolic representation
in this Chapter.
Activity 1.3Activity 1.3Activity 1.3Activity 1.3Activity 1.3
n Take a few zinc granules in a conical flask or a test tube.
n Add dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid to this
(Fig. 1.2).
CAUTION: Handle the acid with care.
n Do you observe anything happening around the zinc
granules?
n Touch the conical flask or test tube. Is there any change in
its temperature?
n Take lead nitrate
solution in a test
tube.
n Add potassium
iodide solution
to this.
n What do you
observe?
1.1 CHEMIC1.1 CHEMIC1.1 CHEMIC1.1 CHEMIC1.1
CHEMICAL EQUAAL EQUAAL EQUAAL EQUAAL
EQUATIONSTIONSTIONSTIONSTIONS
Activity 1.1 can be described as – when a magnesium ribbon is burnt in
oxygen, it gets converted to magnesium oxide. This description of a
chemical reaction in a sentence form is quite long. It can be written in a
shorter form. The simplest way to do this is to write it in the form of a
word-equation.
The word-equation for the above reaction would be –
Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide (1.1)
(Reactants) (Product)
The substances that undergo chemical change in the reaction (1.1),
magnesium and oxygen, are the reactants. The new substance is
magnesium oxide, formed during the reaction, as a product.
A word-equation shows change of reactants to products through an
arrow placed between them. The reactants are written on the left-hand
side (LHS) with a plus sign (+) between them. Similarly, products are
written on the right-hand side (RHS) with a plus sign (+) between them.
The arrowhead points towards the products, and shows the direction of
the reaction.
You must have observed that magnesium ribbon burns with a
dazzling white flame and changes into a white powder. This powder is
magnesium oxide. It is formed due to the reaction between magnesium
and oxygen present in the air.2022-23
Chemical Reactions and Equations

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