This document is Research Report Template

It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Research report

a. Culinary characteristics and ingredients of special, cultural and religious diets

Complete the following table by providing a brief description of each diet or regime, the health or other implication of failing to address the special
requirement, and one suitable adjustment, replacement or substitute ingredient.

Diet/regime Description Health/other implications of Adjustment/replacement/

failing to address special substitute ingredient
requirements

Elimination Elimination diets consist of foods that our bodies cannot accept. If we do not handle the Vegetables, high-fiber foods
diet elimination diet for such as oats and grains. As
someone who cannot well as leafy greens like
tolerate the elimination diet spinach. Foods with a high
foods, they may develop fibre and protein content are
major health problems such the ideal substitutions for the
as diarrhoea, bloating, elimination diet.
digestive tract infection,
insomnia, and other
problems.

Macrobiotic Macrobiotics is a way of living that emphasises harmony and balance. It Macrobiotic eating can Foods like kale, quinoa,
diet consists of a strict diet, modest exercise, and some behavioural bring health benefits for broccoli, and foods with a
adjustments. All are aimed at achieving a more natural and peaceful way those who can avoid high fibre and grain content
of life. nutritional deficiencies, but are ideal, but brown rice,
if we fail to address green vegetables, and a high
macrobiotic diet, it may fruit consumption can also be
cause certain major
medical conditions such as substituted.
or may occur diabetes,
cancer may worsen,
weariness, and blood
pressure may fluctuate.

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 1

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Diet/regime Description Health/other implications of Adjustment/replacement/

failing to address special substitute ingredient
requirements

Fat-free/low fat Fat-free or low-fat food is defined as food that contains less fat. Foods Failure to adhere to this We may supply fat-free
labelled as "fat-free" must have less than 0.5 gramme of fat per serving. diet plan can result in a options for people on a low-
Low-fat foods must have no more than 3 grammes of fat per serving. range of health issues, such fat or fat-free diet rather
as an increase in bad than greasy items. We could
cholesterol, a variety of give them low-fat cereal,
heart diseases, and high or more leafy vegetables,
low blood sugar levels. poultry instead of meat, and
cook the food using spray oil
as an alternative.
Fluids only A liquid diet is a diet that mostly consists of liquids, or soft foods that The amount of liquids Liquid diets use liquids to
melt at room temperature. you consume each day replace some or all meals.
is limited on a fluid They are frequently low in
restricted diet. If we do calories and can be utilised
not handle it, it may to lose weight. Some
result in heart people drink nutritionally
complications, such as balanced meal
congestive heart failure replacement shakes, while
(CHF) When our bodies others exclusively drink
retain fluid, we may low-nutrient juices or
notice one or more of the liquids. Ice cream, sherbet,
symptoms described and yoghurt are examples
below, such as a loss of of frozen plain ice cream.
appetite or feeling full
sooner than usual.
 Substitute foods like
Gluten free A gluten-free diet involves excluding foods that contain the protein gluten, Gluten-free diets have been
Amaranth, Brown,
including wheat, rye, and barley. done on people with celiac
white and wild rice,
disease, but there is
Buckwheat, Almond

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 2

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Diet/regime Description Health/other implications of Adjustment/replacement/

failing to address special substitute ingredient
requirements
meal flour, Coconut
another, condition
flour, Corn, Corn-
called gluten sensitivity that
starch, Guar gum.
also causes problems
with gluten. People
with celiac disease have an
immune reaction that is
triggered by eating gluten.

Halal The word halal means permissible in Arabic. Halal food is described as food that Failure to acknowledge When halal meat is
complies with Islamic law as laid out in the Koran. Dhabiha, an Islamic method halal cuisine may be seen unavailable, Muslims may
of slaughtering animals or poultry, entails cutting the jugular vein, carotid artery, as disrespectful to bless their food with the
and windpipe. individuals who are blessing "In the name of
religiously aware. Mentally, God," ("Bismillah") before
eating.
it may have an impact on
them, and they may
develop depression over
time.
High Two high-carb days, two moderate-carb days, and three low-carb days Failing to address this diet  Low-carb
plan may cause serious potato alternative:
carbohydrate/l make up a normal weekly carb cycling diet. Protein intake is normally
health issues like, heart Sweet potato. ...
ow consistent from day to day, however fat intake is dependent on carb
carbohydrate intake. A high-carb day is typically low-fat, whereas low-carb days are  Low-carb
diseases, digestive
typically high-fat. pasta alternative:
problems, dinginess, Courgetti. ...
obesity, cholesterol and  Low-carb
many more. noodle alternative:
Carrot and courgette
noodles. ...
 • Baked aubergine
crisps are a low-carb
alternative to low-carb

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 3

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Diet/regime Description Health/other implications of Adjustment/replacement/

failing to address special substitute ingredient
requirements
crisps.
 • Lettuce wraps are a
low-carb bread
alternative.
Cauliflower or
broccoli rice is a low-
carb rice substitute.

substitute foods are such

High or low The amount of carbs, lipids, and proteins in a food, as well as the portion Our bodies use some of the
as fruits, vegetables
energy (high size, determine the kilojoule content. By far the highest in kilojoules are calories we ingest for
and legumes are less energy-
or low foods high in fats, added sugars, or alcohol. Fruits, vegetables, and energy when we eat. The
dense foods (lower in
kilojoule) legumes have a reduced kilojoule content. rest is turned into fat. We
kilojoules).
can become overweight or
obese if we consume more
calories than we burn. This
raises our chances of
getting cancer and other
chronic illnesses.

High or low High-protein diets typically include large quantities of protein and only a Protein deficiency can a high-protein
protein small amount of carbohydrate. cause hair loss, skin diet by eating meat, fish,
outbreaks, and weight loss dairy products, beans and
as muscle mass declines. legumes, eggs, and
Furthermore, several health
vegetables that are
conditions may become
more prevalent. relatively rich in protein,
such as asparagus and
spinach.

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 4

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Diet/regime Description Health/other implications of Adjustment/replacement/

failing to address special substitute ingredient
requirements
• Mash cooked
High fibre The edible sections of plants or comparable carbohydrates that are If you're constipated, it's
lentils and use them
resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine, with because you're not getting
in place of up to a
complete or partial fermentation in the large intestine, are referred to as enough fibre. We will have
third of the ground
dietary fibre. regular, frequent, and soft
beef in your dish.
bowel motions if we have a
healthy colon. Foods that
are poor in fibre take longer • Prepare pearled
to digest, resulting in barley according to
irregular bowel movements, package
loose stools, and stomach specifications...
pain. Furthermore, a low-
fiber diet can induce • Snack on a mixture
constipation, irregular of popcorn,
bowel movements, and almonds, and
damage to the digestive wasabi peas instead
system. of chips.
• Instead of rolled
oats, use steel cut
oats.

Hindu Although some Hindus consume lamb, chicken, or fish, the majority of Failing to give Hindu diet/ Instead of meat vegetables
Hindus are lacto-vegetarians (avoiding meat and eggs). Because the cow meal to a Hindu religious are the best alternative
is regarded as a sacred animal, beef is never consumed, but dairy may affect negative in their option for them,
products are. Animal fats, such as lard and dripping, are prohibited. mental and psychological
health. They believe Some
of the animal are their
holly god.
Kosher To be kosher certified, fowl and mammals must be slaughtered in It will affect the mental Not all animal or bird meat is
adherence to Jewish law. Before the poultry or meat are consumed, all the health to the Jewish considered kosher. Animals
blood must be removed or broiled out. Any produce needs to be carefully peoples if we fail to that are considered kosher

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 5

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Diet/regime Description Health/other implications of Adjustment/replacement/

failing to address special substitute ingredient
requirements

inspected for insects, which cannot be consumed. address it. include cows, goats, and
sheep, but pigs —
often processed meat —
horse, camel and rabbit are
not kosher foods. Most
poultry, including chicken,
turkey, goose, and duck, are
considered kosher foods.

Lacto ovo An ovo-lacto vegetarian or lacto-ovo vegetarian is a vegetarian who If we fail to address the Meat, poultry, fish, or dairy
consumes some animal products, such as eggs and dairy. Unlike lacto Ovo diet then it may products like milk, yogurt, and
pescatarians, they do not consume fish or other seafood. create various types of cheese are eliminated, but
mental and physical health whole eggs, egg whites, and
like, diabetic, heart health egg-containing foods like
mayonnaise, egg noodles,
and many more.
and certain baked goods are
permitted.

Low If we are trying to lower our cholesterol, we should have less than 200 mg It may create many heart Eat lots of fruits and
cholesterol a day of cholesterol. Cholesterol is in foods of animal origin, such as liver diseases, obesity, and vegetables.
and other organ meats, egg yolks, shrimp, and whole milk dairy products. many more serious health
conditions.
 Alternatives
Low gluten To qualify as 'gluten free' there must be no more than 20 parts If people
 Amaranth.
of gluten per million in a product. Those labelled 'very low gluten' must with celiac disease, gluten t
have levels of gluten that are 100mg/Kg or less. riggers an immune  Brown, white, and
response that damages the wild rice.
lining of the small intestine.  Buckwheat.
This can interfere with the
 Almond meal flour
absorption of nutrients from
food, cause a host of  Coconut flour.
symptoms, and lead to

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 6

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Diet/regime Description Health/other implications of Adjustment/replacement/

failing to address special substitute ingredient
requirements
 Corn.
other problems like
osteoporosis, infertility,  Corn starch.
nerve damage, and  Guar gum.
seizures.

A potassium-modified diet is designed to assist us in achieving and maintaining a All food can eat with low
Modified High sodium intake
healthy potassium level. To achieve a healthy level of potassium, we may need sodium and can be used:
sodium or combined with inadequate
potassium to raise or reduce the quantity of potassium we take in our diet, depending on potassium intake can raise  pepper. Salt and
our serum potassium level. the risk of heart disease pepper are a classic
and stroke. Increasing culinary duo. ...
potassium and lowering salt  Dried onion or onion
in your diet can help you powder. Share on
control hypertension and Pinterest. ...
reduce your risk of  Balsamic vinegar. ...
cardiovascular disease and  Rosemary. ...
death.  Coconut aminos. ...
 Red pepper flakes. ...
 Cinnamon.

Modified A texture modified diet will contain carefully selected foods of an If we fail to address it then Alternative food is minced,
texture appropriate consistency which can be more easily chewed and managed it can create digestive soup, soft sandwich, and
by a person with dysphagia. system of the person. Hard puree foods.
to swollen the food and
maybe it creates a problem
in digestive tract system
Eating the required amount of food from each of the five food groups, Worsen diabetic and create 0 sugar or low sugar food.
Diabetic (type
including plenty of fruits and vegetables, can give you the nutrients you serious health problem. It Lots of fruit and vegetables
1 and type
need to live a healthy lifestyle with less sugar and fat.
2)/low may lead a person to then the red meat or sweet

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 7

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Diet/regime Description Health/other implications of Adjustment/replacement/

failing to address special substitute ingredient
requirements

sugar/sugar death, food.

free
Veganism is a way of life that aims to eliminate all types of animal It creates negative mental Consider the following vegan
Vegan
exploitation and cruelty, whether for food, clothing, or any other reason. health issues. Allergies and substitutions for common
As a result, the vegan diet excludes all animal products, such as meat, foods: Plant milks such as
various health problem like
eggs, and dairy. soya, rice, oat, hemp,
diarrhea, vomiting and coconut, hazelnut, and
nausea. almond can be substituted for
cow's milk; search for a
fortified product with extra
vitamin B12, D, and calcium.
Vegetarian diets emphasise fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains,  Jackfruit. jackfruit is a
Vegetarian It has a bad impact on
resulting in increased dietary fibre intake and lower saturated fat intake. non-processed
one's mental health.
All vegetarian diets omit meat, poultry, and fish, although there are ingredient that we will
Allergies, as well as a
differences in how eggs and dairy products are consumed. often find in cans,
variety of health issues
meaning we can
such as diarrhoea,
stock up in the
vomiting, and nausea.
cupboard.
 Aquafaba.
 Seitan.
 Milk substitutes.
 Alternative cheeses.
 Alternative creams
and yogurts.
 Tofu and tempeh.

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 8

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004
b. Drug-food interactions, food allergies, food intolerances and cultural and religious dietary sanctions
Complete the following table by providing a brief definition of each of the following terms and providing two examples of each.

Term Definition Examples

 1. Green, leafy vegetables,

Drug-food When your food and medicine interact, it's called a drug-food interaction. Both prescription and
which are high in vitamin K, can
interaction over-the-counter medications might cause interactions. Antacids, vitamins, and iron pills are
decrease how well aspirin thins
examples of them.
the blood.

 2. Grapefruit juice alters the way

the body absorbs statins
(cholesterol-lowering drugs) like
Lipitor in the blood.

 1. Milk (mostly in children)
Food A food allergy is when the body's immune system reacts unusually to specific foods.
allergy Although allergic reactions are often mild, they can be very serious. Symptoms of a food
allergy can affect different areas of the body at the same time. Some common symptoms include:
an itchy sensation inside the mouth, throat or ears.  2. Shellfish (mostly in adults)

Food A food intolerance occurs when the body is unable to properly digest the food consumed, or when 1. nausea
intolerance a certain meal irritates the digestive tract.
2. abdominal pain

Cultural 1. Hindus as religious

and
Restriction food regarding culture and religious or through dietary sanction. 2. Muslims as a religious
religious
dietary
sanctions

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 9

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

c. Key health and legal consequences of failing to address special requirements

Complete the following table by providing at least one health and one legal consequence of the following scenarios.

Scenario Scenario Possible consequences

type

Allergic A customer orders coffee and cake in a bistro during a busy weekend lunch service. At the time Health consequences
reaction of ordering, they clearly state that they have an allergy to eggs and egg products and check that Suffer from severe allergy/ vomiting and
the cake that they are ordering is egg-free as advertised on the menu. The waiter assures the faint
customer that it is. When the waiter takes the order through to the kitchen, they are careful to
communicate to the kitchen staff that the customer has an egg allergy, and they write the allergy
carefully on the docket. However, when the cake is served, a sauce containing egg protein is Legal consequences
added to the plate and it is served to the customer. The customer suffers an allergic reaction Bistro might close down/ big fine/ may
requiring hospitalisation. be compensation to the victim.

Anaphylaxi A person in an elderly home has a tree nut allergy that can cause anaphylaxis. The allergy is Health consequences
s included in the resident's medical records, meal plans, and other documents as needed by law.
Faint/ breathing problem/collapsing and
However, an ingredient in one of the sauces used in a typical recipe has changed, and this
losing consciousness.
change is not picked up when stock is delivered. Unfortunately, the resident ingests a small
amount of the sauce, develops an allergic response, and dies as a result. Legal consequences
Failing to address a customer's
allergies can lead to a civil lawsuit.

Food At a new restaurant, a person with a lactose intolerance is eating. They forget to inform the staff Stomach pain, bloating, diarrhoea,
intolerance of their dietary restrictions, and when the dinner is delivered, they discover that it has been constipation, gas, nausea, and vomiting
topped with cheese. On the menu, the addition of cheese was not mentioned. They then inform are all health consequences.
the workers that they have a lactose sensitivity and request that the dish be returned to the
kitchen and a new one be prepared. When the dish is returned to the table, the consumer
believes it is safe to eat. They get dietary symptoms similar to lactose the next day, and the only Legal consequences

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 10

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

thing they can attribute it to is the meal they had in the new restaurant. When they contact the Customers can sue the restaurant for
restaurant, they learn that the cheese on top of the dish had been removed and that the same unfair competition if they fail to uphold
dish had been re-served. The eatery warns the diner that there might be some cheese in the dish their duty of care. Depending on the
as well. circumstances, substantial legal action
may be taken.

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 11

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

d. Main customer groups that have special dietary requirements

Complete the following table by providing a brief explanation (one or two sentences) as to the type of special dietary requirements that each of the following
groups might have.

Group Possible special dietary requirement/s

Eat plenty of vegetables, legumes, and fruits. eat plenty of cereals (including breads, rice, pasta, and noodles),
Adolescents
preferably wholegrain. Include lean meat, fish, poultry and/or alternatives.

Protein-rich foods are those that have a high amount of the amino acid lysine. Carbohydrates, Carbohydrates,
Athletes
Carbohydrates, Carbohydrates, Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are an athlete's primary fuel source. Make Sure
You're Getting Enough Protein, But Not Too Much Protein does not give a lot of energy-producing fuel. Take it
easy on the fat. Drink fluids frequently and early in the day. Replace any electrolytes that have been lost.
Seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, beans, peas, soy products, and unsalted nuts and seeds are all good
Children
choices. Fruits. Instead of fruit juice, encourage your youngster to eat a variety of fresh, canned, frozen, or dried
fruits. Vegetables. Grains. Dairy.
Food with a high concentration of protein, fat and Carbohydrates.
Defence forces

Calcium and Vitamin D. Older adults need more calcium and vitamin D to help maintain bone health. Vitamin B12.
Elderly
Some adults older than 50 may not be able to absorb enough vitamin B12. Dietary Fibre. Eat fibre-rich foods to
stay regular.

Food allergies and intolerances — such as dairy free, fish and shellfish allergies, nut free and gluten free. Special
Health care
dietary requirements — vegetarian, vegans and pregnancy.

Protein-Rich Foods. Fibre-Rich Foods. Fruits and Vegetables Rich in Vitamin C. Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Zinc-Rich
Ill or injured
Foods. Vitamin D and Calcium-Rich Foods. Creatine. Glucosamine .

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 12

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Infants Babies and toddlers need foods from all five healthy food groups – vegetables, fruit, grain foods, dairy and protein.
Healthy foods have nutrients that are important for growth, development, and learning. Limit salty, fatty, and
sugary foods, low-fibre foods, and drinks with caffeine or a lot of sugar.
Gluten free foods. Fibre intake and protein source foods. Need to talk with the staff before buying any meal if need
International tourists
a special dietary requirement.
vegetables and legumes/beans, fruits, wholegrain cereals, milk, yoghurt, cheese, fish, seafood, poultry, eggs,
Nutritional and energy requirements
legumes/beans (including soy), and nuts and seeds, red meat (young females only)
due to physical condition

Food with vitamin A and vitamin C is more effective. Also, Rice, protein base food and lots of fish is preferrable.
People in areas affected by disaster
or environmental extremes
Meat, grain, fruits and vegetables. Rice and poultry. Oil and fat.
People from different socioeconomic
groups
Meat and poultry. Rice and vegetables. Fruits and milk products.
People in remote areas
Eat five to six smaller meals during the day rather than two or three large meals. Choose nutrient-rich foods. As
Those with weight problems
part of an overall healthy diet, choose whole-grain breads, pastas and cereals; fruits and vegetables; dairy
(underweight/overweight/obese)
products; lean protein sources; and nuts and seeds.

e. Nutrients and their food sources

List two food sources for each of the following nutrients

Nutrient Food source

Potatoes, Broccoli
Potassium

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 13

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Papaya, strawberry, citrus

Vitamin C
Poultry and fish.
Protein
Beans and lentils
Iron

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 14

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

f. Principles of nutrition
Provide brief answers (one or two sentences) to the following questions.

Question Answer

Describe two factors which can  Biological determinants such as hunger, appetite, and taste. Hunger and satiety.
influence food choice.  Taste/Palatability.

List the nine potential allergens Food labelling rules in Australia state that the nine most common allergens (peanut, tree nuts, milk, egg,
which must be highlighted on food fish, shellfish, wheat, sesame, and soy) must be declared on packaging.
labels in Australia

Describe the role and implications of Food additives are linked to asthma attacks, hay fever, sinusitis, rashes, hives, migraines, hyperactivity, irritability,
using food additives and insomnia, diarrhoea, colicky pains, and more, in addition to putting a strain on our bodies' detoxification
preservatives mechanisms.

Describe two potential health We can become overweight, undernourished, and at risk for diseases and disorders like arthritis, diabetes, and
implications of food choices heart disease if we eat too much food or food that provides our bodies the wrong instructions. In a nutshell, what
we eat has a significant impact on our health.

Describe the role of good nutrition in Diets that are high in "good" cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein) and low in "bad" triglycerides are
avoiding dietary disease beneficial. By assisting blood flow, this reduces the chances of heart disease, stroke, metabolic
syndrome, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

Compare the effects of boiling and Steaming uses the least amount of energy, makes the least amount of mess, and produces the least amount of
steaming on the nutritional value of damage to the nutrients in veggies. When you boil tender vegetables, some of their nutrients are lost in the
carrots cooking water.

Briefly summarise the five Australian

• Fruits and vegetables, as well as legumes.
• Fruit.

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 15

 This document is Research Report Template
It is part of the supporting assessment resources for Assessment Task 1 of SITHKOP004

Dietary Guidelines. How can they

• Foods made from grains (cereals).
help guide your menu planning? • Lean meats and chicken, fish, eggs, tofu, nuts and seeds, and legumes/beans are all good sources of
protein.
• Milk, yoghurt, cheese, and/or substitutes

The Australian Dietary Guidelines include advice on the types and amounts of foods, food groups, and
dietary patterns that are intended to enhance health and wellness while also lowering the risk of diet-
related diseases such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and obesity.

SITHKOP004 Develop menus for special dietary requirements v1.0 16