JEE (MAIN+ADVANCED)

QUADRATIC EQUATION
 CONTENT

S.No Pages

1. Theory 01 – 11

2. Exercise-1 (Special DPP) 12 – 19

3. Exercise-2 20 – 21

4. Exercise-3 (Section-A) 22 – 24
[Previous years JEE-Main problems]

5. Exercise-3 (Section-B) 24 – 26
[Previous years JEE-Advanced problems]

6. Exercise-4 (Potential Problems for Board Preparations) 26 – 27

7. Exercise-5 (Rank Booster) 28

8. Answer Key 29 – 31
 QUADRATIC EQUATION

QUADRATIC EQUATION

1. INTRODUCTION :

1.1 Polynomial :

An expression of the type Pn(x) = a0xn + a1xn–1 + …… + an is called a polynomial of degree 'n', where
all powers of x are non-negative integers and a0 which is called leading coefficient of the polynomial
should not be equal to zero.
 If co-efficients a0, a1, a2 …… an are real then polynomial is called real polynomial and
if co-efficients are in the form of (a + ib) then it is called complex polynomial.
e.g., : (2 + 3i)x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 3 is called a complex polynomial.
If n = 1 then P(x) = a0x + a1 is called a linear polynomial.
If n = 2 then P(x) = a0x2 + a1x + a2 is called a quadratic polynomial.
If n = 3 then P(x) = a0x3 + a1x2 + a2x + a3 is called a cubic polynomial.
If n = 4 then P(x) = a0x4 + a1x3 + a2x2 + a3x + a4 is called a bi-quadratic polynomial.
 Pn() means value of the polynomial Pn(x) at x = .
If Pn () = 0, then  is called as root or zero of the polynomial.

1.2 Remainder Theorem :

The remainder theorem states that if a polynomial P(x) is divided by a linear function x – k, then the
remainder is P(k).
P( x ) R
= Q(x) + where Q(x) is quotient and R is remainder..
xk xk
 P(x) = Q(x) (x – k) + R at x = k, P (k) = R

1.3 Factor Theorem :

Let P(x) = (x – k) Q(x) + R

when P(k) = 0, P(x) = (x – k) Q(x). Therefore, P(x) is exactly divisible by x – k.

1.4 Quadratic Expression and Quadratic Equation :

A second degree expression in one variable contains the variable with an exponent of 2; but not higher
power. Such expressions are called as quadratic expression.
 e.g., : y = ax2 + bx + c,
where a = leading coefficient & c = absolute term of quadratic polynomial.
 If above is equated to zero called as quadratic equation.
e.g., : ax2 + bx + c = 0; a  0
 If leading coefficient is 1 then polynomial is called monic polynomial.
Solving a quadratic equation means finding the values of x for which ax2 + bx + c vanishes and these
values of x are also called the roots of quadratic equation.

1.5 Identity :
Let ax2 + bx + c = 0 be a quadratic equation. Now, if this quadratic equation has more than two distinct
roots then it becomes an identity and in this case a = b = c = 0.

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Note: Identity is an equation which is true for all values of x.

Let us say , ,  are three distinct roots of the given quadratic equation. Then,
ax2 + bx + c = k (x – ) (x – ) (x – ), for some constant k.
 ax2 +bx + c = k [x3 – ( +  + ) x2 + ( +  + ) x – ]
Comparing the co-efficient of x3 on both sides, we get k = 0
and k = 0  a = 0, b = 0 and c = 0
 If a quadratic equation is satisfied bymore than two distinct values of x, then all the co-efficients
must be zero.And when all the co-efficients are zero, quadratic equation is true for all x  R and
hence, it becomes an identity.

2. SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION :

2.1 Factorization Method :

Let ax2 + bx + c = a(x – ) (x – ) = 0

Then x =  and x =  will satisfy the given equation.

2.2 Hindu Method (Sri Dharacharya Method) :

ax2 + bx + c = 0 means we have to find those values of x for which ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Finding roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0; a  0; a, b, c  R.
2
2b c  b  b 2 c b 2  4ac
 x  x 0  x    2  
a a  2a  4a a 4a 2

b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac
 x   x
2a 2a 2a

b D b D
Hence   and  where D = b2 – 4ac
2a 2a

3. RELATION BETWEEN ROOTS AND COEFFICIENT :

ax2 + bx + c = 0; a  0; a, b, c  R
b c D
If ,  are the roots then += ;  = and  –  = ±
a a a

4. FORMATION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION WHEN ROOTS ARE

GIVEN :
Let  and  be the given roots of a quadratic equation, then
(x – ) (x – ) = 0
x2 – x ( + ) +  = 0
x2 – x (sum of the roots) + (Product of the roots) = 0

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Note : Some Transformation in terms of and (,  R) :

2 + 2 = ( + )2 – 2
3 + 3 = ( + )3 – 3()

| – | = (  ) 2  4
4 + 4 = [( + )2 – 2]2 – 222

5. NATURE OF ROOTS :

Consider the quadratic equation

ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, c  R and a  0.
Roots of the equation are given by

 b  b 2  4ac
x
2a
Now, we observe that the roots depend upon the value of the quantity b2 – 4ac. This quantityis generally
denoted by D and is known as the discriminant of the quadratic equation which decides nature of the
roots. We also observe the following results :
(i) If D > 0  roots are real and distinct.
(ii) If D = 0  roots are equal.
Note : From (i) and (ii) it is clear that for real roots of a quadratic equation D must be greater than or
equal to zero. (i.e. D 0)
(iii) If D < 0  roots are imaginary.

Important Note :
(1) If co-efficients of the quadratic equation are rational then its irrational roots always occur in pair.
If p + q is one of the roots then other root will be p – q .
(2) If co-efficients of the quadratic equation are real then its imaginaryroots always occur in complex
conjugate pair. If p + iq is one of the roots then other root will be p – iq.

6. ROOTS UNDER PARTICULAR CASES :

(i) Exactly one root is at infinity :

If exactly one root is  and other root is finite, then co-efficient of x2 must tend to zero and co-efficient
of x must not be equal to zero.
1
Put x = in ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
y
a
cy2 + by + a = 0 must have one root zero  P = 0 i.e. =0
c
b
Hence , a = 0 and –  0  b  0.
c
original equation becomes bx + c = 0

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(ii) Both the roots at infinity :

When both roots of the equation are infinitythen, co-efficient of

x2 and co-efficient of x both must tend to zero and c must not
be equal to zero. The equation cy2 + by + a = 0 must have both y
roots zero. y=c
b a
i.e. – = 0 and = 0  b = 0 ; a = 0 and c  0.
c c x
O (0, 0)
In this case the equation becomes y = c.

7. QUADRATIC EXPRESSION AND ITS GRAPH :

In y = ax2 + bx + c, if a, b, c  R and a  0. Graph of quadratic takes the shape of a parabola. The

parabola opens upward or downward according as a > 0 or a < 0 respectively.

Figure - (i) Figure - (ii)

y y a<0
a>0
Q

x x
P 2
y = ax +bx+c
y = ax2+bx+c

The lowest point P in figure-(i) and highest point Q in figure-(ii) is called as vertex of parabola. Now for
different values of a, b, c if graph y = ax2 + bx + c is plotted then following 6 different shapes are
obtained.

Case-I : If a > 0 and D > 0

Then quadratic equation has two roots and graph cuts the x-axis at two distinct points.

(i) For  < x <   y is negative.

(ii) For x <  or x >   y is positive.
y

x
O  

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Case-II : If a > 0 and D = 0

Then curve touches x-axis. Hence both zeroes of polynomial coincides.
y

x
=

In this type equation becomes y = a(x – )2 and y  0, for all x  R.

Case-III : If a > 0 and D < 0

Then curve completely lies above x-axis.
y

In this case imaginary roots appears and y > 0 for all x  R.

Case-IV : If a < 0 and D > 0

Then graph is downward and cuts the x-axis at two distinct points.
y

x
O  

In this case
(a) y > 0, if  < x <  (b) y < 0, if x <  or x > 

Case-V : If a < 0 and D = 0

Then graph touches the x-axis from below.
y
=
x
O

In this case x  R, y  0 for all x  R.

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Case-VI : If a < 0 and D < 0

Then graph lies completely below the x-axis and y < 0 for all x  R.
y
x
O

Important Note
(i) The quadratic expression ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, c  R is positive  x  R, if a > 0
and D < 0 (Case-III).
(ii) The quadratic expression ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, c  R is negative  x  R, if a < 0
and D < 0 (Case-VI).

8. THEORY OF EQUATIONS :

Relation between roots and coefficients of polynomial equation :

8.1 For Quadratic Equation :

If  and  are roots of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 then

ax2 + bx + c = a (x – ) (x – )
 ax2 + bx + c = a [x2 – x ( + ) + ]
Comparing co-efficients on both sides, we get
b
– a ( + ) = b  +  =
a
c
a = c  =
a

8.2 For Cubic Equation :

If ,  and are roots of a cubic equation ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 then

ax3 + bx2 + cx + d  a(x – ) (x – )(x – )
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = a [x3 – () x2 + ( )x2 – ]
Comparing co-efficients on both sides, we get
b
 ++=–
a
c
 +  +  =
a
d
and  = –
a

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8.3 For Bi-quadratic Equation :

If , ,  and  are roots of a bi-quadratic equation ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e = 0 then

ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e  a(x – ) (x – )(x – ) (x – )
ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e = a [x4 – () x3 + ( )x2 – ( )x + ]
Comparing co-efficients on both sides, we get
b
  +  +  + =
a
c
 +  +  +  +  +  =
a
d
 +  +  +  =
a
e
and  =
a
NOTE:
A polynomial equations of degree odd with real coefficient must have at least one real root as imaginary
roots always occur in pair of conjugates.

9. SOLVING QUADRATIC AND RATIONAL INEQUALITIES

(WAVY CURVE METHOD) :
While solving such inequations following steps to be taken.
(i) Factorise given-expression into linear factors.
(ii) Make the coefficient of x positive in all factors.
(iii) Plot the points where given expression vanishes or undefined (denominator becomes zero) on
number line in increasing order.
(iv) Start the number line from right to left taking positive or negative value.

While solving rational inequalities different situations arise.

Type-1 : Inequalities involving non-repeated linear factors
Type-2 : Quadratic inequality involving Repeated linear factors .
f (x )
Type-3 : Quadratic / algebraic inequality of the type of . (Rational inequality) involving modulus also.
g( x)
Type-4 : Double inequality and biquadratic inequality.

10. SYMMETRIC EXPRESSIONS :

The symmetric expressions of the roots ,  of an equation are those expressions in  and , which do
not change by interchanging  and . To find the value of such an expression, we generally express
that in terms of  +  and .
Some examples of symmetric expressions are
1 1  
(i) 2 + 2 (ii) 2 +  + 2 (iii)  (iv) 
   
2 2
   
(v) 2 +  2 (vi)      (vii) 3 + 3 (viii) 4 + 4
   
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11. FORMATION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION WHOSE ROOTS ARE

SYMMETRIC EXPRESSION OF  AND  :
Let  and  be the roots of a quadratic equation ax2 +bx + c = 0 then finding another quadratic equation
whose roots are 2 + 3, 2 + 3.
y3
Suppose 2 + 3 = y   =
2
Put the value of  in the given equation (  is its roots) and get a quadratic in y.
a ( y  3) 2 b ( y  3)
 +c=0
4 2
a (y – 3)2 + 2b (y – 3) + 4c = 0
ay2 + 2y (b – 3a) + 9a – 6b + 4c = 0
Replace y by x and get the desired equation.
ax2 + 2x (b – 3a) + 9a – 6b + 4c = 0.

Note: If ,  are roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 then the equation whose roots are
(i) – , –   ax2 – bx + c = 0 (Replace x by – x)
1 1  1
(ii) ,  cx2 + bx + a = 0  Replace x by 
   x
 x
(iii) k, k  ax2 + kbx + k2c = 0.  Replace x by 
 k
(iv) k + , k +   a(x – k)2 + b (x – k) + c = 0 (Replace x by (x – k))
 
(v) ,  k2ax2 + kbx + c = 0 (Replace x by kx)
k k

12. CONDITION OF COMMON ROOTS :

12.1 Condition for one common root :
Let a1x2 + b1x + c1= 0 and a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0 have a common root .
Hence a12 + b1 + c1 = 0
a22 + b2 + c2 = 0
bycross multiplication
2  1
= a c a c = a b a b
b1c 2  b 2c1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1

b1c 2  b 2c1 a 2 c1  a 1c 2
 = = , which is the required condition.
a 2 c1  a 1c 2 a 1b 2  a 2 b1
This is also the condition that the two quadratic functions a 1 x 2 + b 1x y + c 1 y2 and
a2x2 + b2x y + c2y2 may have a common factor.

12.2 Condition for both the common roots :

a1 b1 c1
If both roots of the given equations are common then   .
a 2 b 2 c2

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13. MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES OF QUADRATIC AND

RATIONAL FUNCTIONS :
b
13.1 y = ax2 + bx + c attains its maximum value or minimum value at the point with abscissa x =
2a
according as a < 0 or a > 0.
y = ax2 + bx + c

 2 bx c   a  x 2  2 · b · x  b  b  c 
2 2
y = a x   
 a a  2a 4a 2 4a 2 a  y
b D
V , 
 2a 4a 
 b  c b2 
2 2 2
 a  x     2   a  x  b   4ac  b
 2a  a 4a   2a  4a y max 
D
4a
2 x
 b  D
 a x    x
b
 2a  4 a 2a

D b
Now, If a < 0, then ymax = and it occurs at x = .
4a 2a
y
D b
If a > 0, then ymin = and it occurs at x = . b D
V  , 
4a 2a  2 a 4a 
V
D
y min 
4a
x
where D = b2 – 4ac O
x
b
2a
Note:
Maximum or minimum value can also be obtained by making a perfect square and then making an
interpretation.
P( x )
13.2 Range of functions expressed in the form of where P(x) and Q(x) are either linear or
Q( x )
quadratic polynomials.
ax  b (Linear )
TYPE-1 : y= .
px  q (Linear)
ax  b (linear)
TYPE-2 y= 2
px  qx  r (quadratic)

ax 2  bx  c  Quadratic 
TYPE-3 y=  
px 2  qx  r  Quadratic 

ax 2  bx  c
 Quadratic 
TYPE-4 y=  
px 2  qx  r
 Quadratic 
when P(x) and Q(x) has exactly one linear factor in common.
ax 2  px  c
TYPE-5 y= when y takes all real values.
px 2  qx  r
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14. RESOLVING A GENERAL QUADRATIC EXPRESSION IN x AND

y INTO TWO LINEAR FACTORS :

f(x, y) = ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c

Writing the above equation as a quadratic equation is x,
ax2 + 2x (hy + g) + by2 + 2fy + c = 0
Solving for x, we get

 (hy  g )  (hy  g ) 2  a (by 2  2fy  c)

x
a

 ax + hy + g = ± y2 (h 2  ab)  2 y(hg  af )  (g 2  ac)

Now f(x, y) can be writing as product of two linear factors only when quantity under radical sign is a
perfect square.

As quantity under radical sign is a quadratic equation in y. Therefore, it will be perfect square only when
D=0
 (hg – af)2 – (h2 – ab) (g2 – ac) = 0
 abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0
which is the required condition.

15. LOCATION OF ROOTS :

This article deals with an elegant approach of solving problems on quadratic equations when the roots
are located / specified on the number line with variety of constraints :
Consider f (x) = ax2 + bx + c with a > 0.

TYPE–1 : Both roots of the quadratic equation are greater than a specified number say (d). The necessary
and sufficient condition for this are :
b
(i) a > 0 ; (ii) D  0 ; (iii) f (d) > 0 ; (iv) >d
2a

Note : If a < 0 then intercept accordingly.

TYPE–2: Both roots lie on either side of a fixed number say (d).Alternatively one root is greater than d
and other less than d or d lies between the roots of the given equation.

Conditions for this

(i) a > 0  or (i) a<0
and (ii) f (d) < 0  (ii) f (d) > 0


Note that no consideration for discriminant will be useful here.

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TYPE–3 : Exactly one root lies in the interval (d, e) when d < e.
Conditions for this are :
(i) a0 ;
(ii) f (d) · f (e) < 0
(iii) An another case arises
when f (d) · f (e) = 0
then we have to check end points
For f (d) = 0, i.e., one root is "d"

(d, e) (d, e)

=d  e =d e 

Check if other root lies between "d" and "e" or not. If yes then we will include that point otherwise we will
exclude that point
similarlyfor f (e) = 0
we will check for the other root and find out if it lies between "d" and "e" or not.

TYPE–4 : When both roots are confined between the number d and e (d < e). Conditions for this are
(i) a > 0 ; (ii) D  0 ; (iii) f (d) > 0 ; (iv) f (e) > 0
b
d<– <e
2a

TYPE–5 :
One root is greater than e and the other root is less than d.
Conditions are :
(i) f (d) < 0 and f (e) < 0 if (a > 0)

16. LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES :

(i) For a > 1, If logax > logay, then  x > y that is if base is greater than unity the inequality remains
unchanged when logarithm is removed.

(ii) For 0 < a < 1. If logax > logay, then  x < y that is if
base is less than unity then inequality sign is reversed y y = logax
when logarithm is removed. (a > 1)
(iii) If a > 1. logax < P  0 < x < aP.
(iv) If a > 1. logax > P  x > aP. x
(1, 0)
(v) If a < 1. logax < P  x > aP. y = logax
(vi) If a < 1. logax > P  0 < x < aP. (0 < a < 1)

 If base is less than unity then value of logax decreases as x-increases.

 If base is greater than unity then value of logax increases as x increases.

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EXERCISE-1 [SPECIAL DPP]

SPECIAL DPP-1

Q.1 If P(x) = ax2 + bx + c and Q(x) =  ax2 + dx + c, where ac  0, then P(x) . Q(x) = 0 has
(A) exactly one real root (B) atleast two real roots
(C) exactly three real roots (D) all four are real roots .

Q.2 If ,  are the roots of the equation x2 + px – r = 0 and , 3 are the roots of the equation
3
x2 + qx – r = 0, then r equals
3 3
(A) (p – 3q) (3p + q) (B) (p + 3q) (3p – q)
8 8
3 3
(C) (3p – q) (p – 3q) (D) (3q – p) (p – q)
64 64
3
Q.3 Let 1 and 2 be two values of  for which the expression x2 + (2 – ) x +  – becomes a perfect
4
square. The value of (12 + 22) equals
(A) 8 (B) 25 (C) 50 (D) 100

Q.4 The value of the expression x4 – 8x3 + 18x2 – 8x + 2 when x = cot , is
12
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 3

Q.5 If e and e– are the roots of equation 3x2 – (a + b)x + 2a = 0, a, b,  R,  0 then least integral
value of b is
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 9 (D) 10

Q.6 Let x1 and x2 be the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + px + q = 0.

x2  4
If x1 = , then the value of (2q + p) is equal to
2x 2  1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Q.7 If   are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 2(1 – cos 3) x – 2 sin23 = 0 (  R),
then the maximum value of 2 + 2 is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16

Q.8 If (a + b + c) > 0 and a < 0 < b < c, then the equation

a(x – b)(x – c) + b(x – c)(x – a) + c(x – a)(x – b) = 0 has
(A) real and distinct roots (B) roots are imaginary
(C) product of roots is negative (D) product of roots is positive

Q.9 If one of the root of the equation 4x2 – 15x + 4p = 0 is the square of the other then the value of p is
(A) 125/64 (B) –27/8 (C) –125/8 (D) 27/8

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Q.10 Consider the quadratic equation (k2 – 1)x2 + (2k3 + 9k2 + 3k – 14)x + (2k3 + 5k2 – 11k – 14) = 0 then
find the the sum of all the value(s) of k (where k  R) for which the given equation has
Column-I Column-II
(A) Exactly one root zero and other root is finite (P) –1
5
(B) Both roots zero (Q)
2
(C) Exactlyone root infinity (R) 2
7
(D) Both roots infinity (S)
2
(T) 1

SPECIAL DPP-2

Q.1 The graph of a quadratic polynomial y = px2 – qx + r is as shown in y

the adjacent figure, then
(A) r2 – 4q < 0 (B) r2 – 4p < 0
x
(C) p + q > 0 (D) r – p – q > 0 O

Q.2 Tlhe smallest integral value of p for which the inequality (p – 3)x2 – 2px + 3(p – 2) > 0
is satisfied for all real values of x, is
(A) 8 (B) 7 (C) 6 (D) 5

3x ( 2 x  5)( x 2  x  2)
Q.3 The complete solution set of the inequality  0 is
(cos x  2)( x 2  x )

5   5 5 
(A) (–, –1) (B)  ,   (C)   1,  (D) (–1, 0)   ,  
2   2  2 

Q.4 If the graph of f(x) = x2 + (3 – k)x + k, (where k  R) lies above and below x-axis, then k cannot be
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 10

Q.5 The largest integral value of k for which the quadratic trinomial P(x) = (k – 2)x2 + 8x + k + 4 is
non-positive for all real values of x is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) –6 (D) –2

Q.6 Consider the graph of quadratic polynomial y = ax2 + bx + c as shown below. Which of the following
is(are) correct? y
a –bc
(A) 0 (B) abc (9a + 3b + c) < 0
abc
a  3b  9c x
O x=3
(C) 0 (D) ab (a – 3b + 9c) > 0
abc

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x 2 (5  x ) (1  2 x )
Q.7 If S is the set of all real 'x' such that is negative
(5x  1) ( x  2)

3x  1
and is positive, then S contains
6x  x 2  x
3

 3 1
(A) (1, 4) (B) (5, 11) (C)   ,  (D) (– 10, – 4)
 2 2 
Q.8 Let f(x) = x2 + px – 2, g(x) = px2 + x + (p + 2)  x  R, where p is a real constant.
 m
If f(x) > g(x)  x  R, then the range of p is   ,   where m and n are coprime.
 n
Find the value of (m – 5n).

Q.9 Let x2 + 2y2 – 2xy – 2  k (x + 2y)  x, y  R then find the number of integral values of k.

Q.10 If the roots of the equation x2 + (p + 1)x + 2q – q2 + 3 = 0 are real and unequal  p  R then find the
minimum integral value of (q2 – 2q).

SPECIAL DPP-3

Q.1 A monic quadratic trinomial P(x) is such that P(x) = 0 and PPP( x ) = 0 have a common root, then
(A) P(0) · P(1) > 0 (B) P(0) · P(1) < 0 (C) P(0) · P(1) = 0 (D) none

Q.2 If two roots of the equation (x – 1) (2x2 – 3x + 4) = 0 coincide with roots of the equation
x3 + (a + 1) x2 + (a + b) x + b = 0 where a, b  R then 2(a + b) equals
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0

Q.3 If c2 = 4d and the two equations x2 – ax + b = 0 and x2 – cx + d = 0 have one common root,
then the value of 2(b + d) is equal to
a
(A) (B) ac (C) 2ac (D) a + c
c
Q.4 If one root of quadratic equation x2 – x + 3m = 0 is 4 times the root of the equation x2 – x + m = 0,
where m  0 , then m equals
12 12 12 12
(A) (B) (C) (D)
196 169 256 189
Q.5 If the equations x + x – 4x = 4 and x + px + 2p = 0 (p  R) have two roots common, then
3 2 2

the value of p is
(A) –2 (B) –1 (C) 1 (D) 3

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Q.6 Statement-1: If the equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a, b, c  R and a  0) and 2x2 + 7x + 10 = 0

2a  c
have a common root, then = 2.
b
Statement-2: If both roots of a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0 and a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0 are same, then
a1 b1 c1
 
a2 b2 c 2 . Given a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2  R and a1a2  0.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

Q.7 If all the equations x2 + px + 10 = 0, x2 + qx + 8 = 0 and x2 + (2p + 3q) x + 60 = 0,

where p, q  R have a common root, then the value of (p – q) can be
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

Q.8 If quadratic equations 2x2 – 3x + 5 = 0 and ax2 – bx + c = 0, a, b, c N have a common root then
the value of a + b + c can be equal to
(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 25

Q.9 The equations x3 + 4x2 + px + q = 0 and x3 + 6x2 + px + r = 0 have two common roots,
where p, q, r  R. If their uncommon roots are the roots of equation x2 + 2a x + 8c = 0, then
(A) a + c = 8 (B) a + c = 2 (C) 3q = 2r (D) 3r = 2q

Q.10 If x2 + 3x + 5 is the greatest common divisor of (x3 + ax2 + bx + 1) and (2x3 + 7x2 + 13x + 5) then
find the value of [a + b].
[Note : [k] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to k.]

SPECIAL DPP-4

x 2  2x  3
Q.1 If x  R then range of f(x) = is
2 x 2  3x  9
1  4 1 3
(A) (– , ) (B) R –   (C) R –  ,  (D) R –  
2 9 2  2

Q.2 If the highest point on the graph of y = – x2 – 2kx + 3a is (–1, 2) then the value of (k + 6a) is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

Q.3 If the quadratic polynomial f(x) = (a–3)x2–2ax + 3a – 7 ranges from [–1, ) for every x  R, then the
value of a lies in
(A) [0, 2] (B) [3, 5] (C) [4,6) (D) [5, 7]

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Paragraph for question nos. 4 & 5

t 2  4t  10
Consider, P(t) = 2 ,tR
t  4t  5
and Q(x) = x2 – 2mx + 6m – 41, where x, m  R.
Q.4 The sum of all integral values in the range of P(t) is
(A) 19 (B) 20 (C) 21 (D) 22
Q.5 If Q(x) + 54  P(t)  x  R then true set of values of m is
(A) [– 1, 6] (B) [– 6, 1] (C) [– 7, 1] (D) [– 1, 7]

Paragraph for question nos. 6 to 8

The graph of f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is given, for which l(AB) = 4, l(AC) = 4 and b2 – 4ac = – 8.
y

A
C

x
B O
(0, 0)

Q.6 The value of f (0) + 2 f (1) is equal to

(A) 45 (B) 26 (C) 24 (D) 20

Q.7 If  be one of the root of f(x)= 0 then the value of (3 + 102 + 40 + 39) is
(A) 0 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) – 9

3 
Q.8 Range of h(x) =   a  x2 + (b – 1)x + (c – 6) when x  [–2, 0] is
2 
 39   39   39 
(A)  , 6 (B)  , 8 (C) [6, 8] (D)  ,  
8  8  8 

Q.9 If sin2x + sin x = (a + 2), then which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
(A) Number of integral values of a for real solution to exist is 3.
9
(B) There exists no solution for a < or a > 0.
4
(C) The minimum value of a for real solution is – 2.
(D) Number of prime values of a for real solution to exist is 1.

Q.10 Let f(x) = x2 + bx + c (b, c  R) for all x  R, attains its least value at x = – 1 and the graph of f(x)
cuts y-axis at y = 2. Then
(A) the least value of f(x) for all x  R is 1. (B) the value of f(– 2) + f(0) + f(1) equals 9.
(C) the least value of f(x) for all x  R is – 1. (D) the value of f(–2) + f(0) + f(1) equals 7.

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SPECIAL DPP-5

Q.1 Let P(x) = x3 – 6x2 + Bx + C has 1 + 5i as a zero and B, C are real numbers, then value of (B + C) is
(A) – 70 (B) 70 (C) 24 (D) 138
( 3  5) (3  5) (  3  5)
Q.2 If the equation x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 5 = 0 has roots ,  and , then the value of
13   
is equal to
(A) 5 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 15
Q.3 Let , ,  and  be the roots (real or non-real) of equation x4 – 3x + 1 = 0. The value of
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 is equal to
(A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 15
Q.4 If the general expression of degree 2 given by 3x2 + xy + ky2 + 10x – 3y + 7 can be factorised into two
linear factors then value of k is
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) –2 (D) – 4
Q.5 If , ,  are roots of cubic equation x3 – 3x2 + 2x + 4 = 0 and
 x x 2
y=1+   then the value of y at x = 2, is
x   ( x  )( x  ) ( x  )( x  )( x   )
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

Paragraph for question no. 6 to 8

For some real value of k, let 33 – 2 = k – 9, 33 – 2 = k – 9, 33 – 2 = k – 9
where  >  >  and  +  = 0.
Q.6 The value of k is equal to
(A) 27 (B) 0 (C) –9 (D) 3
Q.7 The minimum value of f (x) = x2 + x + , x  R is equal to
 23 23  23 23
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 12 12 3
Q.8 The value of expression (–2 + –2 + –2) is equal to
83 84 82 85
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9
Q.9 Let roots of the equation x3 + 3x2 + 4x = 11 are , ,  and the roots of equation
x3 + lx2 + mx + n = 0 (l, m, n  R) are  + ,  + ,  + .
Column-I Column-II
(A) l is equal to (P) –6

(B) m is equal to (Q) 6

(C) n is equal to (R) 13

(D) (l + m + n) is equal to (S) 23
(T) 42
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k 3
Q.10 If the system of equation r2 + s2 = t and r + s + t = has exactly one real solution, then find the
2
value of k.

Q.11 If ,  and  are the roots of the equation 5x3 – qx – 1 = 0, (q R) then find the value of
2  3 2  3 2  3
  .
  

SPECIAL DPP-6

Q.1 The range of p  R for which the equation 2x 2 – 2(2p + 1)x + p(p + 1) = 0
have one root less than p and other root greater than p, is
(A) –1 < p < 0 (B) p < –1 or p > 0 (C) p 0 (D) p = 0

 11 
Q.2 If exactly one root of the quadratic equation x2 –  k   x – (k2 + k + 1) = 0 lies in (0, 3)
 3
then which one of the following relation is correct?
(A) – 8 < k < – 4 (B) – 3 < k < – 1 (C) 1 < k < 4 (D) 6 < k < 10

Q.3 If the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 has one root equal to unity and other root lies between roots of the
equation x2 – 7x + 12 = 0, then the range of a is
(A) (–5, –4) (B) (–4, –3) (C) (–3, –2) (D) (4, 5)

Q.4 The greatest integral value of p for which the quadratic equation x2 – p(2x – 8) = 15 has
one root less than 1 and other root greater than 2, is
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

Q.5 Let P (x) = x2 – 2(a2 + a + 1)x + a2 + 5a + 2. If minimum value of P(x) for x  0 is 8, then the sum
of the squares of all possible value(s) of a, is
(A) 13 (B) 17 (C) 37 (D) 49

Q.6 If , p  R and p  [–5, 10] then the number of integral value of 'p' for which e + 1 and
e– + 1 are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + (1 – 2p) x + 2p – 1 = 0 is
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 14 (D) 16

Q.7 If ,  are the roots of equation x2 – 3x + c = 0 (c  R) and  < 1 < , then c belongs to
 9 9 
(A)   ,  (B) (–, 2) (C) (2, ) (D)  ,  
 4 4 

Q.8 Let f(x) = x2 – 6kx + k2 + 6k, k  [–5, 5] and x  R. If both roots of the equation f(x) = 0
are greater than unity and minimum integral value of f(1) is , then
(A)  = 1 (B)  = 2
(C) number of integral values of k is 4. (D) number of integral values of k is 5.
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1 1
Q.9 If  + and 2 – – (,  > 0) are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 2(a + 1)x + a – 3 = 0
 
then find the sum of integral values of 'a'.

Q.10 If ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation,

(a2  4a + 3)x2  (a3  8 a  1) x + log1/2(a2  6 a + 9) = 0
such that  < 0 <  then the range of a is (–, p)  (q, r)  (s, ). Find the value of (p + q + r – s).

SPECIAL DPP-7

Q.1 If the equation |1 – x| – |x + 2| + x = p has two distinct real solutions then

(A) p  (–2, 1) (B) p  [–2, 1] (C) p  {–1, 2} (D) p  {–2, 1}
Q.2 The smallest integral value of  for which the inequality 1 + log5(x2 + 1)  log5(x2 + 4x + )
is true for all x  R, is
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

Q.3  
The number of integral solution(s) of the inequality log ( x 2  2) x 4  x 2  2  2  log3 (3  | x |) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 6 (D) 13
Q.4 If the equation | x2 + 2x + a | = 2 has exactly 4 real and distinct solutions, then
(A) a > 3 (B) a (–, –1] (2, )
(C) a (–, 1) (3, ) (D) a < –1
Q.5 The number of integral value(s) of x satisfying both the inequalities
log 5
(4 – x)  0 and log(x – 1)(x2 + 2)  0 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.6 For 2 < x < 5, the expression | 2x – 1 | + | 5 – 3x | + | x – 6 | = Ax + B. The value of A + B, is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 10
Q.7 Column-I Column-II
(A) The possible integer(s) satisfying the inequality (P) 2
log(2x – 3) (3x – 4) > 0, is
(B) The possible integer(s) satisfying the inequality (Q) 3
 x2  x 1
log    > – 2, is
 (R) 4
tan
6
x  2 
(C) The possible integer(s) satisfying the inequality (S) 5
log0.5(x2 – 3x + 4) – log0.5(x – 1) + 1 < 0, is
 2x  1   4 
Q.8 Find the number of integral values of x satisfying the inequality log 4    cos  .
 x 1   3 
  8p 
Q.9 Find the smallest value of   for which x 2  5x  7  p = 6 + x 2  5x  1  p
 7 
for all x  [–1, 3].
Q.10 Find the number of integral solutions of the inequation
log9 (x + 1) · log2 (x + 1) – log9 (x + 1) – log2 (x + 1) + 1 < 0.

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EXERCISE-2
Q.1
(a) The equation x2 + bx + c = 0 has distinct roots. If 2 is subtracted from each root, the results are
reciprocals of the original roots. Find the value of (b2 + c2 + bc).
(b) If x1 and x2 are roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 + 3x – 4 = 0, then find the quadratic equation
whose roots are (2x1 + 3)–2 and (2x2 + 3)–2.

ax 2  2(a  1) x  9a  4
Q.2 Find the range of values of a, such that f (x) = is always negative.
x 2  8x  32

Q.3 Let ,  be real roots of the quadratic equation x2 – kx + k2 + k – 5 = 0. If m and M are
respectively the minimum and maximum value of 2 + 2, then find (m + M).

Q.4 Let a, b be arbitrary real numbers. Find the smallest natural number 'b' for which the equation
x2 + 2(a + b)x + (a – b + 8) = 0 has unequal real roots for all a  R.

Q.5 When y2 + my + 2 is divided by (y – 1) then the quotient is f (y) and the remainder is R1. When
y2 + my + 2 is divided by (y + 1) then quotient is g (y) and the remainder is R2. If R1 = R2 then find the
value of m.

Q.6 Consider the quadratic polynomial f (x) = x2 – 4ax + 5a2 – 6a.

(a) Find the smallest positive integral value of 'a' for which f (x) is positive for every real x.
(b) Find the largest distance between the roots of the equation f (x) = 0.
(c) Find the set of values of 'a' for which range of f (x) is [– 8, ).
Q.7(a) If the quadratic equations, x2 + bx + c = 0 and bx2 + cx + 1 = 0 have a common root then prove that
either b + c + 1 = 0 or b2 + c2 + 1 = b c + b + c.
(b) If the quadratic equations x2 + bx + ca = 0 & x2 + cx + ab = 0 have a common root, prove that
the equation containing their other root is x2 + ax + bc = 0.

x 2  ax  4
Q.8 Let f(x) = is defined for all real x, then find the number of possible ordered pairs (a, b).
x 2  bx  16
(where a, b  I).

x2  2  x4  4
Q.9 Let x be a positive real. Find the maximum possible value of the expression y = .
x
Q.10 Find the smallest integral value of 'a' such that |x + a – 3| + |x – 2a| = |2x – a – 3| is true  x  R.

Q.11 Solve the following where x  R.

(a) (x  1)x2  4x + 3+ 2 x2 + 3x  5 = 0 (b) 3x2  4x + 2= 5x  4
(c) x3 + 1+ x2  x  2 = 0 (d) 2x+2  2x+1  1= 2x+1 + 1
(e) For a  0, determine all real roots of the equation x2  2 ax  a 3a2 = 0.

Q.12 Let P(x) = (m2 + 4m + 5) x2 – 4x + 7, m  R. If 3  x  5 then find the minimum of minimum

value of P(x).
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 QUADRATIC EQUATION

 
Q.13(a) Let ,  and  are the roots of the cubic x3 – 3x2 + 1 = 0. Find a cubic whose roots are ,
 2 2

and . Hence or otherwise find the value of ( – 2)( – 2)( – 2).
2

(b) If , ,  are roots of the cubic 2011x3 + 2x2 + 1 = 0, then find
(i) ()–1 + ()–1 + ()–1 ; (ii) –2 + –2 + –2
Q.14 Find sum of all possible values of the real parameter 'b' if the difference between the largest and smallest
values of the function f(x) = x2 – 2bx + 1 in the segment [0, 1] is 4.

Q.15 Find all numbers p for each of which the least value of the quadratic trinomial
4x2 – 4px + p2 – 2p + 2 on the interval 0  x  2 is equal to 3.
Q.16 Let g(x) = x2 + 2ax + a2 – 9, where a  R. If both roots of the equation g(x) = 0 are less than the
24  2 x  x 2 25  x 2
largest integral value of x satisfying the inequality > , then find the smallest
14 16
integral value of a.
Q.17 Let P (x) = x2 + bx + c, where b and c are integer. If P (x) is a factor of both x4 + 6x2 + 25 and
3x4 + 4x2 + 28x + 5, find the value of P(1).
Q.18 If ,  are the roots of the equation, x2  2 x  a2 + 1 = 0 and  ,  are the roots of the equation,
x2  2 (a + 1) x + a (a  1) = 0 such that ,  ( , ) then find the values of 'a'.
Q.19(a) Find all the values of the parameter 'a' for which both roots of the quadratic equation
x2 – ax + 2 = 0 belong to the interval (0, 3).
(b) At what values of 'a' do all the zeroes of the function,
f (x) = (a  2)x2 + 2ax + a + 3 lie on the interval ( 2, 1)?
Q.20 Find the values of K so that the quadratic equation x2 + 2 (K  1) x + K + 5 = 0 has atleast one
positive root.


Q.21 If cos 2 is a root of the equation, x2 + bx + c = 0 where b, c  Q then find the value of (40b2c).
8
2
 x 5 
Q.22 Solve for x : log 2 x 
4
  log 1  20 log 2 x  148  0 .
 4 
 2 
4x  5
Q.23 Solve for x : logx < 1
6  5x
9
Q.24 If the inequality loga(x2 – x – 2) > loga(– x2 + 2x + 3) is known to be satisfied for x =
4
in the interval (x1, x2), then find the product (x1x2).

Q.25 Find all the values of the parameters c for which the inequality has at least one solution.
FG 7 IJ c h
H
1  log 2 2 x 2  2 x 
2 K  log 2 cx 2  c .

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EXERCISE-3
SECTION-A
(JEE-MAIN Previous Year's Questions)
Q.1 If the roots of the equation x2 – 5x + 16 = 0 are  and the roots of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 are

(2 + 2) and , then [AIEEE 2002]
2
(1) p = 1 and q = 56 (2) p = 1 and q = – 56
(3) p = – 1 and q = 56 (4) p = – 1 and q = – 56
Q.2 If  and  be the roots of the equation (x – a) (x – b) = c and c  0, then roots of the equation
(x – ) (x – ) + c = 0 are [AIEEE 2002]
(1) a and c (2) b and c
(3) a and b (4) a+ b and b + c
 
Q.3 If 2 = 5– 3, 2 = 5–3 then the value of + is [AIEEE 2002]
 
19 25  19
(1) (2) (3) (4) None of these
3 3 3

Q.4 If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of the squares of
a b c
their reciprocals, then , and are in [AIEEE 2003]
c a b
(1)Arithmetic Geometric Progression (2)Arithmetic Progression
(3) Geometric Progression (4) Harmonic Progression
Q.5 The value of 'a' for which one root of the quadratic equation (a2 – 5a + 3) x2 + (3a – 1) x + 2 = 0 is twice
as large as the other, is- [AIEEE 2003]
1 2 2 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 3
Q.6 The number of real solutions of the equation x2 – 3 |x| + 2 = 0 is [AIEEE 2003]
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 1

Q.7 If (1– p) is a root of quadratic equation x2 + px + (1 – p) = 0 then its roots are [AIEEE 2004]
(1) 0,1 (2) – 1, 1 (3) 0, – 1 (4) – 1, 2

Q.8 If one root of the equation x2 + px + 12 = 0 is 4, while the equation x2 + px + q = 0 has equal roots, then
the value of 'q' is [AIEEE 2004]
49
(1) (2) 12 (3) 3 (4) 4
4
Q.9 The value of a for which the sum of the squares of the roots of the equation x2 – (a – 2) x – a – 1 = 0 assume
the least value is - [AIEEE 2005]
(1) 1 (2) 0 (3) 3 (4) 2
Q.10 If the roots of the equation x2 – bx + c = 0 be two consecutive integers, then b2 – 4c equals -
[AIEEE 2005]
(1) –2 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 1

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 QUADRATIC EQUATION

  P  Q
Q.11 In a triangle PQR, R = , If tan   and tan   are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, a  0
2 2 2
then [JEE 1999] [AIEEE 2005]
(1) a = b + c (2) c = a + b (3) b = c (4) b = a + c

Q.12 If both the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 2kx + k2 + k – 5 = 0 are less than 5, then k lies in the
interval [AIEEE 2005]
(1) (5, 6] (2) (6, ) (3) (– , 4) (4) [4, 5]

Q.13 If the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + px + q = 0 are tan 30° and tan 15° respectively,
then the value of (2 + q – p) is [AIEEE 2006]
(1) 3 (2) 0 (3) 1 (4) 2
Q.14 All the values of m for which both roots of the equation x2 – 2mx + m2 – 1 = 0 are greater than – 2 but
less than 4, lie in the interval – [AIEEE 2006]
(1) m > 3 (2) – 1 < m < 3 (3) 1 < m < 4 (4) – 2 < m < 0

3x 2  9x  17
Q.15 If x is real, then the maximum value of is [AIEEE 2006]
3x 2  9x  7
17 1
(1) 41 (2) 1 (3) (4)
7 4
Q.16 If the difference between the roots of the equation x2 + ax + 1 = 0 is less than 5 , then the set of possible
values of a is- [AIEEE 2007]
(1) (– 3, 3) (2) (–3, ) (3) (3, ) (4) (– , – 3)

Q.17 The quadraticequations x2 – 6x + a = 0 andx2 –cx +6=0 haveonerootincommon.Theotherroots ofthe

first and second equations areintegersintheratio4: 3.Thenthecommonroot is [AIEEE 2008]
(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 1
Q.18 If the roots of the equation bx2 + cx + a = 0 be imaginary, then for all real values of x, the expression
3b2x2 + 6bcx + 2c2 is - [AIEEE 2009]
(1) Greater than 4 ab (2) Less than 4ab
(3) Greater than – 4ab (4) Less than – 4ab

Q.19 The equation esinx – e–sin x – 4 = 0 has

(1) exactly one real root. (2) exactly four real root.
(3) infinite number of real roots. (4) no real roots. [AIEEE 2012]
Q.20 If the equation x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0, a, b, c  R, have a common root, then a : b : c is
(1) 3 : 2 : 1 (2) 1 : 3 : 2 (3) 3 : 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 2 : 3
[JEE (Main) 2013]
Q.21 Let and  be the roots of equation x2 – 6x – 2 = 0. If an = n – n, for n > 1, then the value of
a10  2a 8
2a 9 is equal to

(1) 3 (2) –3 (3) 6 (4) –6 [JEE (Main) 2015]

  x 4x 60 = 1 is
2
Q.22 The sum of all real values of x satisfying the equation x 2  5x  5
(1) 5 (2) 3 (3) – 4 (4) 6 [JEE (Main) 2016]
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 QUADRATIC EQUATION

Q.23 If, for a positive integer n, the quadratic equation,

x (x + 1) + (x + 1) (x + 2) + ……. + (x + n  1 ) (x + n) = 10n
has two consecutive integral solutions, then n is equal to
(1) 12 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 11 [JEE (Main) 2017]

Q.24 Let S = {x  R : x  0 and 2 | x – 3 |  x ( x – 6)  6  0} . Then S :

(1) contains exactly two elements. (2) contains exactly four elements.
(3) is an empty set. (4) contains exactly one element.
[JEE (Main) 2018]

SECTION-B
(JEE-ADVANCE Previous Year's Questions)
Q.1 Let a, b, c be real numbers with a  0 and let  be the roots of the equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0. Express the roots of a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 in terms of 
[JEE 2001, Mains, 5 out of 100]

Q.2 The set of all real numbers x for which x2 – |x + 2| + x > 0, is

(A) (–, –2) U (2, ) (B) (–, – 2 ) U ( 2 , )
(C) (–, –1) U (1, ) (D) ( 2 , ) [JEE 2002 (screening), 3]

Q.3 If x2 + (a – b)x + (1 – a – b) = 0 where a, b  R then find the values of ‘a’ for which equation has
unequal real roots for all values of ‘b’. [JEE-03, Mains-4 out of 60]

Q.4 If one root of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 is the square of the other, then
(A) p3 + q2 – q(3p + 1) = 0 (B) p3 + q2 + q(1 + 3p) = 0
(C) p3 + q2 + q(3p – 1) = 0 (D) p3 + q2 + q(1 – 3p) = 0
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]

Q.5 If x2 + 2ax + 10 – 3a > 0 for all x  R, then

(A) – 5 < a < 2 (B) a < – 5 (C) a > 5 (D) 2 < a < 5
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]

1  2 x  5x 2   
Q.6 Find the range of values of t for which 2 sin t = 2 , t  2 , .
3x  2x  1  2 
[JEE 2005(Mains), 2]

Q.7
(a) Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle. No two of them are equal and   R. If the roots of the equation
x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + 3(ab + bc + ca) = 0 are real, then
4 5 1 5  4 5
(A)   (B)   (C)    ,  (D)    , 
3 3 3 3  3 3
(b) If roots of the equation x 2  10cx  11d  0 are a, b and those of x2 – 10ax – 11b = 0 are c, d, then find
the value of a + b + c + d. (a, b, c and d are distinct numbers)
[JEE 2006, 3+6]

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 QUADRATIC EQUATION

Q.8(a) Let ,  be the roots of the equation x2 – px + r = 0 and  2 , 2 be the roots of the equation
x2 – qx + r = 0. Then the value of 'r' is
2 2 2 2
(A) (p–q)(2q – p) (B) (q – p)(2p – q) (C) (q – 2p)(2q – p) (D) (2p–q)(2q – p)
9 9 9 9
MATCH THE COLUMN:
x 2  6x  5
(b) Let f (x) =
x 2  5x  6
Match the expressions / statements in Column I with expressions / statements in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) If – 1 < x < 1, then f (x) satisfies (P) 0 < f (x) < 1
(B) If 1 < x < 2, the f (x) satisfies (Q) f (x) < 0
(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f (x) satisfies (R) f (x) > 0
(D) If x > 5, then f (x) satisfies (S) f (x) < 1 [JEE 2007, 3+6]
Q.9 Let a, b, c, p, q be real numbers. Suppose ,  are the roots of the equation x2 + 2px + q = 0 and
, 1  are the roots of the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, where 2  {–1, 0, 1}
STATEMENT-1 : (p2 – q)(b2 – ac)  0
STATEMENT-2 : b  pa or c  qa
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True. [JEE 2008, 3 (–1)]
Q.10 The smallest value of k, for which both the roots of the equation, x2 – 8kx + 16(k2 – k + 1) = 0 are real,
distinct and have values at least 4, is [JEE 2009, 4 (–1)]
Q.11 Let p and q be real numbers such that p  0, p3  q and p3  – q. If  and  are nonzero complex numbers
 
satisfying  +  = – p and 3 + 3 = q, then a quadratic equation having and as its roots is
 
(A) (p3 + q)x2 – (p 3 + 2q)x + (p3 + q) = 0 (B) (p3 + q)x2 – (p 3 – 2q)x + (p3 + q) = 0
(C) (p3 – q)x2 – (5p 3 – 2q)x + (p3 – q) = 0 (D) (p3 – q)x2 – (5p 3 + 2q)x + (p3 – q) = 0
[JEE 2010, 3]
Q.12
(a) Let  and  be the roots of x2 – 6x – 2 = 0, with  > . If an = n – n for n  1, then the value of
a10  2a 8
2a 9 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

(b) A value of b for which the equations
x2 + bx – 1 = 0
x2 + x + b = 0
have one root in common is
(A)  2 (B)  i 3 (C) i 5 (D) 2
[JEE 2011, 3+3]
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 QUADRATIC EQUATION

Q.13 The quadratic equation p(x) = 0 with real coefficients has purely imaginary roots. Then the equation
pp( x )   0 has
(A) only purely imaginary roots (B) all real roots
(C) two real and two purely imaginary roots (D) neither real nor purely imaginary roots
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, 3]

Q.14 Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers  such that the quadratic equation x2 – x +  = 0 has two
distinct real roots x1 and x2 satisfying the inequality | x1 – x2 | < 1. Which of the following intervals is(are)
a subset(s) of S?
 1 1   1   1   1 1
(A)   ,   (B)   , 0 (C)  0,  (D)  , 
 2 5  5   5  5 2
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, 4]
 
Q.15 Let << . Suppose 1 and 1 are the roots of the equation x2 – 2x sec  + 1 = 0 and 2 and
6 12
2 are the roots of the equation x2 + 2x tan  – 1 = 0. If 1 > 1 and 2 > 2, then 1 + 2 equals
(A) 2 (sec  – tan ) (B) 2 sec  (C) – 2 tan  (D) 0
[JEE (Advanced)2016, 3]

Paragraph for question 16 & 17

Let p, q be integers and let ,  be the roots of the equation, x2 – x – 1 = 0, where   .
For n = 0, 1, 2, ….…, let an = p n +q n.
Fact: If a and b are rational numbers and a + b 5 = 0, then a = 0 = b.

Q.16 If a4 = 28, then p + 2q =

(A) 7 (B) 21 (C) 14 (D) 12

Q.17 a12 =
(A) a11 + a10 (B) a11 – a10 (C) a11 + 2a10 (D) 2a11 + a10
[JEE (Advanced) 2017, 3+3]

EXERCISE-4

(Potential Problems Based on CBSE)

Q.1 Find the value of k so that the two roots of the equation x2 + kx + 12 = 0 differ by 1.
1 1 1
Q.2 If the sum of the roots of the equation  = is zero, show that the product of the roots is
xp xq r

 (p2  q 2 )
.
2

Q.3 If 3  2 is a root of the equation x2 – 6x + k = 0, find the value of k and the other root.

Q.4 Find p if the roots of the equation x2 + p2 = 8x + 6p are

(i) real and unequal (ii) real and equal (iii) complex.

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Q.5 If the roots of the equation (b – c)x2 + (c – a)x + (a – b) = 0 are equal, then show that a + c = 2b.

Q.6 If a is real and the roots of the equation 9x2 + 4ax + 4 = 0 are complex, show that a lies between
– 3 and 3.

Q.7 If p is real and the roots of the equation p(x + 1) (x + 3) + 2 = 0 are not real, find p.

Q.8 Let ,  be the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Find the condition that
(i) Exactly one root is zero.
(ii) One root is negative of the other.
(iii) One root is reciprocal of the other.
(iv) One root is double than the other root.
(v) One root is square of the other root.

Q.9 , are the roots of the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0. If  = k, show that ac (k + 1)2 = 4b2k

Q.10 If the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are in the ratio l : m, show that ac(l + m)2 = b2lm.

m n b
Q.11 If the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + b = 0 are in the ratio m : n, show that   = 0.
n m a

Q.12 If ,  are the roots of the equation 3x2 + 6x + 10 = 0, find the equation whose roots are
(i)  + 1,  + 1
1 1
(ii)  ,
 
 1  1
(iii) ,
 

Q.13 The sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is 2 and the sum of their cubes is 13. Find the equation.

Q.14 The coefficient of x in the equation x2 + px + q = 0 was taken as 17 in place of 13 and thus its roots were
found to be – 2 and – 15. Find the roots of the original equation.

Q.15 Show that if p, q, r and s be real numbers and pr = 2(q + s), then at least one of the equations
x2 + px + q = 0 and x2 + rx + s = 0 has real roots.

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EXERCISE-5 (Rank Booster)

43 3
Q.1 A quadratic polynomial f (x) = x2 + ax + b is formed with one of its zeros beingwhere a and
2 3
b are integers. Also g (x) = x4 + 2x3 – 10x2 + 4x – 10 is a biquadratic polynomial such that
 43 3 
g   = c 3  d where c and d are also integers. Find the values of a, b, c and d.

 2  3 
1 1
 1 2  1 2
Q.2(a) Find all real numbers x such that,  x   + 1   = x.
 x  x
6
 1  6 1 
x   x  6   2
 x  x 
(b) Find the minimum value of 3 for x > 0.
 1 3 1
x    x  3
 x x

Q.3 If the range of m so that the equation (x2 + 2mx + 7m – 12) (4x2 – 4mx + 5m – 6) = 0
have two distinct real roots, is (a, b) then find (a + b).

(2 x 2  5x  10)
Q.4 If the range of parameter t in the interval (0, 2), satisfying >0
(sin t ) x 2  2(1  sin t ) x  9 sin t  4
for all real values of x is (a, b), then (a + b) = k. Find the value of k.

Q.5 Find the smallest positive integral value of a for which the greater root of the equation
x2 – (a2 + a + 1) x + a (a2 + 1) = 0 lies between the roots of the equation x2 – a2 x – 2(a2 – 2) = 0.

Q.6 If exactly one root of the equation x2 – 2kx + k2 – 1 = 0 satisfies the inequality log
3
2  x   0
then find sum of all possible integral values of k.

x2
Q.7 Let A denotes the set of values of x for which  0 and B denotes the set of values of x for
x4
which x2 – ax – 4  0. If B is the subset of A, then find the number of possible integral values of a.

log 3 ( x 2  3x  7)
Q.8 Find out the values of 'a' for which any solution of the inequality, < 1 is also a solution
log3 (3x  2)
of the inequality, x2 + (5  2 a) x  10a.

Q.9 Find the set of values of 'y' for which the inequality, 2 log0.5 y2  3 + 2 x log0.5 y2  x2 > 0
is valid for atleast one real value of 'x'.

Q.10 Find the maximum possible value of 8 · 27log6 x  27 · 8log6 x  x 3 , where x > 0

Q.11 Let P(x) = 4x2 + 6x + 4 and Q(y) = 4y2 – 12y + 25. Find the unique pair of real numbers (x, y) that
satisfy P(x) · Q(y) = 28.

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 QUADRATIC EQUATION

EXERCISE-1
SPECIAL DPP-1
Q.1 B Q.2 C Q.3 C Q.4 B Q.5 B
Q.6 D Q.7 D Q.8 AC Q.9 CD
Q.10 (A) R, (B) S, (C) P, (D) T

SPECIAL DPP-2
Q.1 D Q.2 B Q.3 D Q.4 C Q.5 C
Q.6 AC Q.7 AC Q.8 2 Q.9 0 Q.10 4

SPECIAL DPP-3
Q.1 C Q.2 C Q.3 B Q.4 B Q.5 B
Q.6 A Q.7 AC Q.8 AC Q.9 AC Q.10 8

SPECIAL DPP-4
Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 D Q.4 B Q.5 D
Q.6 A Q.7 D Q.8 B Q.9 AB Q.10 AB

SPECIAL DPP-5
Q.1 A Q.2 B Q.3 B Q.4 D Q.5 C
Q.6 A Q.7 C Q.8 A Q.9 (A) Q; (B) R; (C) S; (D) T
Q.10 2 Q.11 3

SPECIAL DPP-6
Q.1 B Q.2 B Q.3 A Q.4 D Q.5 C
Q.6 B Q.7 B Q.8 BD Q.9 5 Q.10 2

SPECIAL DPP-7
Q.1 D Q.2 D Q.3 D Q.4 D Q.5 A
Q.6 B Q.7 (A) Q, R, S; (B) P, Q, R; (C) R, S Q.8 1 Q.9 6
Q.10 6
EXERCISE-2

FG 1 IJ
Q.1 (a) 7 ; (b) 64x2 – 25x + 1 = 0 Q.2 H
a   , 
2 K
Q.3 13 Q.4 5 Q.5 0 Q.6 (a) 7, (b) a = 6 , (c) 2 or 4
Q.8 135 Q.9  
2 2  1 where x = 2 Q.10 1

Q.11 (a) x = 1; (b) x=2 or 5; (c) x=  1 or 1; (d) x 1 or x=  3; (e) x =(1 2 ) a or ( 6 1)a

Q.12 4 Q.13 (a) 3y3 – 9y2– 3y + 1 = 0; ( – 2)( – 2)( – 2)=3 ; (b) (i) 2; (ii) – 4

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 QUADRATIC EQUATION

Q.14 1 Q.15 a = 1 – 2 or 5 + 10 Q.16 4

 
11  1
Q.17 P (1) = 4 Q.18 a   14 , 1 Q.19 (a) 2 2  a  , (b)    ,   {2}  (5, 6]
3  4

 1 1 1
Q.20 K  1 Q.21 5 Q.22 x   ,   8 ,16  Q.23 <x<1
 16 8  2

Q.24 5 Q.25 (0, 8]

EXERCISE-3
SECTION-A
Q.1 4 Q.2 3 Q.3 1 Q.4 4 Q.5 2
Q.6 3 Q.7 3 Q.8 1 Q.9 1 Q.10 4
Q.11 2 Q.12 3 Q.13 1 Q.14 2 Q.15 1
Q.16 1 Q.17 3 Q.18 3 Q.19 4 Q.20 4
Q.21 1 Q.22 2 Q.23 4 Q.24 1

SECTION-B
Q.1  = 2and  = 2 or  = 2 and  = 2 Q.2 B Q.3 a>1

     3 
Q.4 D Q.5 A Q.6  2 ,  10    10 , 2 
  
Q.7 (a) A, (b) 1210
Q.8 (a) D, (b) (A) P, R, S; (B) Q, S; (C) Q, S; (D) P, R, S Q.9 B Q.10 2
Q.11 B Q.12 (a) C, (b) B Q.13 D Q.14 AD Q.15 C
Q.16 D Q.17 A

EXERCISE-4
Q.1 ±7
Q.3 k = 7, other root is 3  2
Q.4 (i) – 2 < p < 8 (ii) – 2 or 8 (iii) p < – 2 or p > 8
Q.7 0<p<2
Q.8 (i) c = 0 & b  0; (ii) b = 0; (iii) c = a; (iv) 2b2 = 9ac; (v) b3 + a2c + ac2 – 3abc = 0.
Q.12 (i) 3x2 + 7 = 0; (ii) 30x2 + 78x + 85 = 0; (iii) 10x2 + 16x – 13 = 0
Q.13 6x2 – 12x – 5 = 0
Q.14 x2 + 13x + 30 = 0

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 QUADRATIC EQUATION

EXERCISE-5

5 1
Q.1 a = 2, b = – 11, c = 4, d = – 1 Q.2 (a) x = (b) (a) ymin = 6
2
Q.3 6 Q.4 3
Q.5 3 Q.6 2
5
Q.7 3 Q.8 a
2

Q.9  ,2 2     12 ,0    0, 12   2 2,   Q.10 ymax = 216

 3 3
Q.11  , 
 4 2

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in Last Nineteen Years