| UNIT-2 PROGR aehoe B255 4 F | i devie Ft PF under vanious 5g. essA 1p ows B! The _dundions re these pews ohe a sontrd, nord in fee contra _ BEL) shag alleatne Auclions be the s2ssA “classi ied. os cording, to" ep modes» the Bit Set] Recel~ 1 (sr) mode and “the Tp mode. dhe 85% mode is used |p «set or resel’ the bits: in port ¢. The Tp mede 4 ther divided — into ite modes > Mode 0, Tswodel, and v-Mede2. Snimnede 0, oll ports dunclisn ft ¥ at va Swope. Lp ports “Mode Lisa en ined wherds ports A_and/or B use _ bits ak ox: hetdhake signal. Tn the handabaleg Teeth Vio 2 Ho dota transfer can be implemented : Stila check and intonubty Tin sts inp de tp» fboxt A ean be sel- up foe biditedonal data transfet usin, han dsbake ~ signdlé om port Cc, and post 8B can Rese ub et in_Mode 0 or Mode 1. — ‘| Block agra ee the go8sa | The block diagsam shnws tuo 8-bit ports (Aland 8) two 4-bit ports (c, and c.) the! dae tg ee conhrt. Iurgie. Tn thig | internal _shrytins _conbot register. is Calvo included Port c pecforms -inclions similan +> that ¢ the statin ister in _addilion “to _brmvidinay | ¢ is ‘hand hake sige CONTROL LOGI Te _eonbof _ceclin has. six Vineg.. Thevr fndion and cormections aw as Sllnss'- URD (Read) : This contest, signal -enablex the Read oberalion 0 then the starnal__ is_lmo,' the MPU teads dala from a sebeted Yo port. the — S2ssA. WE (White): ‘Thie conbe? gignal | enables. the ne 2S Werte operalion’ en the _ signal 46 geen | Low, the pu.” ite info 2 Qlecked Vo port othe’: eonht|_~ wregisters 4| | | esrate | chsste [ef a4] Wate rn ost pal a0 Ai | Comba} pu 4 =i F818. | Ae 9 Logie at RESET f l 3. RESET (Reset). This da an. adlive igh siqnal it I clint, the conko? _veguntes_and sels | all pots ‘in the. input mode 4 @§ A and Ay: These dhe. devia sokeek signals. \ His _commected to a__ deeded caddess, and Ao and A, arr.enecally, _ cormetled to MPU ag Aa nd An wesheclivdy signal’ is the am ie a >spedty one df the _or the __ conhof ten ay A, Ao Selected -0 OO Post A pl o Onrarl __ fot : 9 | O10 Pate aa { a Conbrot Registeh i | x gossé is hot selected As an example the _bort addresses ako. _ det ommined dy thd tA and A, Lines, The cE Nine qos _tos: -when Adz) and _ Ae thro An Yano at. te _O. _-When “these . signals Are combined with Av and 4) z phe. post ccldvens Yange om 0H to B34Trtemab || vend — Ay O\- 3 —— mo |fribicl “4, » boo!classmate Qn Ee ie above shows a east “called “th oN u ben The Gritents’ of ta aa — gin callad the __eonhof word oe, an Tp funcdion __-for each burt. “This I veqrste can be accessed to Wiite a Gabof - usord when Ae and Ar ano ab Logie | The __segisten, ig nwt accessible fox a Read _opexallin : | Bi_D, of the control _vepistion _cbecitfieg | eitherc the Yo findion =—oOF—the_ —s Bit Set | Resel- | funckon a | Conbrot Word d Dy D>, Dy -Dy Dd; Dd, dD, 2D ! eal i [4 al : \ ask Mode. a Mod CB Sf) pei oe | i Lh j on for fate ‘ Mode Model , Mode | 2 10) a No letfeet on Simple To Handshake 3, __ Biditecbional Yo||-mode for_ports foc ports A data Sus A,B ame. amd nc & port A forF Br either m Mode __ Rat c bits are . used for handshake.a, Reset (sR) made’ The 8 conhel —Tet___atfedl- the fucelions a pa and 8 Mode 0: Simple Tnput ot Oukput Luts O—D,) detenmine Me Fundam. “opucalen To this mode, bors A and B axe used a tun imple 6 bits Jo ports __and pot c aa two 4- bit ports. ‘Bach port (or half- pat, In case_of c) ie te brogrammed to ddisn as__simp ly am in i host or | wl bot. The § input, Joutpiil | features in _! i wee Q—one__as__foliwsy Quiputs ane __ latched I 1 | Die Tnpds ane not (actched . forts do not have handshake or interush coppabilitye ;o1= Mode\ 2 a ee Bes en ae ____ |= Bs mode= Bit_Cet/ Reset)» Mode be tog ugar eet a ae 1 BSR. mode ais. eopelene!d _ only wal, the. 4 Cy odhich Yeon be ser { arn__apbropriaké_ ee bit Dy 0 is 3 BSR conbef | wo »Yecogmi zed tae loBSR it_¢ does not | alter, Tthanonited ete! sad had bata Thus the os Sly: oberalion hot spueae, and _| Bara mets affected bits of pertic ceom “be used Apr cphlicalions cle such! as\s.00/ off @usiteh . @ BSR _ CONTROL UDRD wey 2 es an This __conbwf umd _, when ___wnitlen’ inthe cone} remoter sels. J ov _vesels pne_bit ah au hind. nonomante\ \eiard Dye del Del 2[ D5 Dd, | dD.)ex | ppmDwaRe=eonTROED SERIAL T/o USING PROGRAMMABLE Ta “abenlvt wai fet one _ rm | a transfer. wey neko zod bebiieert _the meu sloo- sreshonctingy t potphexals tach “Eme 9 I ap 7 The haxdwarra: approach, to serial Wo has ithe same | basic principles and ~resjaiirernents a, forthe: _softworo approach. The nd Pextormest eberatelyy under sof twared mee cmust be combined {none chip. The cficons and requirements for the software Break One suramnanized ty above 4 points | Synchronous/ A An__int cient called USART (Universal. aaa Recewer/ Transmitter) Gneoxporates © alt the features doseribed ~ abme the chib, as -wal ‘as many, more _sobbisticoled features “used for "serial data | tormunteation . Tt tela broqrammalele device ie 2 IL its fons__and sfeetficbfiams for serial Yo ‘can _ be determined” by ariting insthuclions in its. - internal. bee The? Tateh B251A__USART is a devin widely. used in. | serial Vp: ; | theie B2asyA is _tompatible — 1 B2S)A _Preqrammable Cormmnunicalion ‘Interface _ al chip designed —is_a pe -carmnrnalole Reon serial data nme is a. el Pash dpe ote fee [TRY fend / waite = os Con [Te RD Lo Te TAR RD[te imdludes 7 fives sections : , a. Read Write. Logie evils xansmitter (ja 3. Receiver 4. Data . Bus» Buffer Modem Contre according _+ (Ge be! data act ; The _transmitler se word ree eived rn and... transmits a penthenal The _xeceives seelion ‘veceives Serial _ bits [fom _@ eripheral | convents. them into a baralli| avord_, and __trans-feea_the word to_the | Mpu. Hi “Tie! -modemn “control Lis. used} to a ee establish’. data communicalion Hirowah modems _ Over, “tele shone Nines The @251A ig. A _wrpley device, eal sf -pesipeninge.. Vonious etn “|Re’ asynchronous Tetede is_often used or data commuficalion —_bbéteoren \ the MPU and senial * poebhereale such imal én ae is os pee sand Roby1 f a. | control register and the Expanded: version of the 8251 A. block ding ae _shoss aU the dlements_ of a Phrgrammable 5 tk Aneludes the intenfaci te ae as follnss:= elect! When this siqnal goes lew, the _ @as\ Avis selected b MPU_ for _ i communicalion . This is usually commected : te 4 decoded address bus! : je = Control pata 2 When this signal is high the. /: ¥ ve contrat xeqitten ox_the iS. eer i megicter' ig addressed 5 when it is bro the data loutfer ig addvessed , Tha. control. reqiden and the stale| regioton ow differentiated sy WR | ouesbecki : ts dtp tj Z 8. WR- Wett > When thic signah goes Reus re either whites in the conbut tegis Sends _ output tothe data buf a= this is comets +o TOW ov 4. RD _— Read : When -this siqnal oes flows altho agasds a oichll fom The a iz a —Leqfsten ov aceebts. (inputs) data from, - I _ the data. buffer This is connected qi eR oe EMR S._RESET — Reset 3 A high on_this input resets thy pes B251A and forces it inte the idk clk = Clock! “This is the clock input usw Ei | een nee Commedtad +o the system clock? _ This clock does not eonhel [ponent een _ either the transmission pr the i = _-_seceblign veto. The clock is neces _ for _communicalion wth the spicrobrcessor, weqsaten for a word consists of hin indebendert _ bytes 3 the ivst_bykt i ae mode cae lh d__ the. —Seeond _boyte is called ” corfimand __ nstruelion (usvrd)., Thic can be accessed ag att —butput _ post when the G5 fo highpost. Lwhen the Ys Te 7 wher lis addressed as a —+—__ has the. pints | dress as the same! be bidiredional addressed aR an —oulput Lot ee port _when_the cg bin is | Summary of Conbeo| Signals’ for the BSA a é RD WR _ fundion —cranietor . 4 10 MPU writes inshuchions in) coord’ ot O 4 MPU. teads stalis fromthe stahus vemister| Jo ot PY ule data to the data butt Lo 20, ° 41 MPU. occebts data from the Data Buffer i x x x _USART is not selectedE met fet 8 Receives TL fp HR Butter: | TRANSMITTER SECTION transmitter accepts __ parallel data “from “the MPU L converts, vegisters 2% and oulbut them butfer te into Serial data. It _has two yeqistoe +o hold eight _ bits er to _eonverst eight bit an into a fF streqrn serial bits. The Meu writes _| a& a in_the buffer negates whenever “the ter oulput. is empl othe contents of the + — || butter veatster ara. “ansforowd to _ the oulput — veqistex. This _seclion _"_‘transynits data on the fin ___with the apbrobiialt framing, bits _}— (stat and Stop). “Three | oulput signals” _and_oxt}— input signal Ono. associated with? the -transmifle!} —seclion. ‘ 7 | TeD — Fansmit Data :; Serial bits cen trarsmifled on : this Mine, : 2 TC = ieRrariornitier Cock: This input. signal S the vo at which ils axa transemitied th ‘the UsarT, The outer veatstee “ig es emp AMS ra is rea wes to __‘qecebt_« a cam be. nsed § +o. 40 intectubt the ! MpU ov te indical. the statue. “This 3 LE i Sate is. eset when'a data bute loaded into the butter. wane This _is output signal fence - it realex \s_emy is. yea oe ‘from cnet when’ a lute ‘the __buffer_che__ the _owlpuk register zl RECEIVER SECTION ‘= ier eadliy The __veceiver _aceebis sexta, data_on the | Red Line from oe and convents them _| | inte parallel data. ‘The section hax two wreaisters = the “vecelveh input register ond the buffer | ‘When the RxD Line goes Yow ‘the conbent, || Aege assumes it is a Stat bit, wsnits for hal abit time and samples the line again. | te (nek is sie! ta mpd gies ae septs the folning bits, fume a. character, aa Ry Recs ot This _is_an_oul i ohio! Sm the buffer the paratlee byte is trane-forté_ to the | mode, tivo inpul signals and — on and loads it. inty the _ buffer re oler Subset BS Mpu when -vequested. In the atid oulpul e signal ake. necessary. ; “&eD— Recewe Datar Bits aro oxaceived cal _on Thx ine and converted into a paral byte in the receiver input -veqacter . p d _ Re - Reeeiveh Clock This is q clock si signal that _ eonhols the vale at whide bits ane _xeceived by the usart. Jn the asymchronous_ mode , the clock can be. cet to 1) 16 or 64 Pines the baud . = _ signal __ igh “when the and_is ready to transfer i to the _ Meu. This ‘Wine can be used iter to _Imdicale the shatua or to —_inteoupt The opus|| ole } 8254 (S253) PRogRAMMnBLE INTERVAL TIMER Tre 2254 programmable interval. timed cea is__ furclion Similar to the software desi : _counters and timers It generates. aa Arne. a 4 and can be Used for Tae veal -time dock, an_event. counter, oe _one- shot square wave gees Pri ou wave form _ enerador. a ——+ The “8254 includes three _§ denied tt “bit that cam _ operate. _indebendentl any, on8 of model (+ a ee late Th he tA__in_a_24—bin DIP amd requires single powee Subbly, To cherate a counter, a 16-bit is__loaded ©. im its register and, on command, a a ing ty __deerement__the count until it veacher 0. At the end of the count, it_genenatier a. pulse that can be + used +o intermbt the Mp. _ The __ counter can count either_in ra or BCD | dn __addifin, a count can be read the Mpeu__while ‘the _eounter_ig__ decrements n The _8254.__is__an_uba faded Version _tie gas and they axe__bin= combadible_ The, of 8253, R283 can opera __with clock SS pe fe 2MHz. - The. a 1 Block Diogram of the. | Te incbltes the counters (0, (o,1and 2), dota bus buffer, Reod/ Waite _ Conboy} ere | conbre? —tepstere Each counter has, turo_inpuh, | signals — “crock (eu) and Gare — and one fetlenenthe | / 2 ) | Dale gos) thu. n Counter D, =" : ‘, SSA thutler [M | ge op 1 poad | Le OLY, 4 we what, } Counter, _Gnred Loge 1 Ae “' aur A,—| / a— =_ i CLye Conbasf A K we Word, Sumer — 4 Regier our. 2 eeeeena — Tnternal Buy, (Data bus Burr eR, “his tri-state, a-bit, bidiveclimal buffer is | tonneded Yo the data bux of the MPV. b CONTROL LOGIC a Tie conta seclivn has five signals «RB (Read) WH (whitey, (Chip Select) and the address Viner _ Ac and hy, In the peripheral Yo node the RD_ and WE signal, ont. comnected to tee TOR ond. Dov, cesbeDivcy, dn nemo mapped 2%, these— | axe Conneded” to werk & Memory, Ready and__ | jenn (Meenony. Write), Addirese (ines. “Ae andy,| of @ MPU ane usually com i A —|. A, the 8284, and 4 @' is ted) to a \ decoded o I “The are silert yee | selected) - cee a als cand Av, as chmaft below : | oo - i Ay Ay Selection — 0 6 __Countex_o 0 A Counter at Oo Counter 2 id! 4 Conhnp Register. a - aos uw 24 1 Vee. | — Counter Clode tf Colt _gate_Yp Counter 57RD_ we ik H Bs Chip | sdlek 2 a Ao Ay Couter _seleel= +S Ves Vee GND. Ground CONTROL WORD REGISTER This veqoter i accessed when ined Ao and A, and ot Nwaig It is used fo waite a command © word whide chedlig ‘the __eowiter +o be used, its mode. and _ eithee oO Read or a Write oberalion . Mode : / “The 254 can opera -- in six. diffrent mode& and the: ail oO counter is used other +o disable” or enable country tn Mode 0, obkor the sount te wittten- and if “the gate high., the comm is -dleereayed- Monnet URE clock eyelo . When tie count: Yeacher geno he oulguk goes high. and emoaing i wach ag neo Gount or mode is JeacledDD, De [Sa Ese] wi] ee Sc_— Selecl Counter : 7 ser | scp | } © | Select Counter O 4 Selec} Counter | o 1 Select Counter 2 Read - Back Command o 4 4 RW — Read / Wite RW) Rwo : 0 -| Counter Lakh Command \ Read/ wate least significant by only. 0 | Read /watte ‘Mest Siqnifean’ loyle ont. | #eod/weste least giqnifeant byte fire then mest Sip feouct log. 11 6 |o M- Mode > Bep h Mat Mal Mo | 4 _[-e] 0} 0 | Mode | © | Binary ounter 16-bife | ol o —-._t 0 ) | Moder | Tg | Binary Cod [Decimal | | %|_A] © | Mode > | _|_ Gen) “ Gunter (4 —} | | Pete) "|