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LaTeX Math Commands

This document provides an overview of LaTeX math commands used to display mathematical equations and symbols. It lists common commands for fractions, exponents, subscripts, square roots, brackets, and other symbols. It also discusses using character entity references for symbols not available on a standard keyboard in HTML.

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46 views4 pages

LaTeX Math Commands

This document provides an overview of LaTeX math commands used to display mathematical equations and symbols. It lists common commands for fractions, exponents, subscripts, square roots, brackets, and other symbols. It also discusses using character entity references for symbols not available on a standard keyboard in HTML.

Uploaded by

spectramind07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LaTeX Math Commands used

Display Latex Command

To display any math equation, start the equation with \(


and end match equation with \)
\( math equation \)
Spaces between \( and \) have no meaning, so any
number of spaces can be inserted.

Fraction, a by b \frac{a}{b}

Raise to, a raised to b {a}^{b}

Subscript, if 1 needs to be subscript _{1}

Square-root of p \sqrt{p}

n-th root of p \sqrt[n]{p}

Brackets ( … ) \left( … \right)

Braces { … } \left{ … \right}

Square brackets [ … ] \left[ … \right]

Mod |x| \vert| x \vert|

Sigma ∑ \sum

Plus minus ± \pm

Multiplication sign × \times

Division sign ÷ \div

Not equal to \neq

Greater than or equal to ≥ \geq

Less than or equal to ≤ \leq

Parallel ∥ \parallel

Perpendicular \perp
Intersection ⋂ \cap

Union ∪ \cup

Right Arrow ⇒ \Rightarrow

⇔ \Leftrightarrow

Infinity ∞ \infty

cos, sin \cos, \sin

log \log

Log of a to the base b \log_{b}{a}

Alpha, beta \alpha, \beta

To insert space within an equation, space bar will not


work, spaces have no meaning/effect. Thus, to insert a \;
space, the command is backslash semi-colon.
When you need to type a ‘text phrase’ within a
equation, if you just type it, it will be displayed in italics. \text{type text here}
To display a pure text, within an equation use …
All the above commands can be nested within each other to form complex
equations.
To use commands and learn more usage, you may also use Interactive Latex
Editor at https://arachnoid.com/latex/
To learn more advanced commands like writing of a Matrix, use online resources.

NOTE:
Use LaTeX Math Commands ONLY for equations and NOT for individual
characters e.g. …
… if you need to type ab, then DON’T use \({a}^{b}\). Instead make use of
keyboard superscript and/or subscript.
… if you just need to type 𝛼, DON’T use \(\alpha\), u
… for quadratic, ax2 + bx + c, DON’T use \({ax}^{2} + bx + c\) because a
quadratic can be typed easily without LaTeX.
Use LaTeX Math Commands only when you cannot write the equation
using standard keyboard usage.

NOTE2:
In HTML, sometimes you will need to type symbols that are not available
on keyboard, e,g, ±, ∞, 𝛼, △, ∅, θ, etc. Even simple multiplication sign, × ,
is actually different that letter x.
The best way to type such individual symbols in any HTML document (that
which will be displayed by a browser) is to use Character Entity Reference
available at https://dev.w3.org/html5/html-author/charref
Only a selected few are needed, which can easily be mastered ….

Character HTML Entity

Multiplication sign, × ×

Radical sign, √ √

Plus Minus, ± ±


Alpha, 𝛼 α
Division sign, ÷ ÷
Triangle, △ ▵

Summation sign, ∑ σ


Theta, θ θ
Degree ° °
Perpendicular &
Wider minus sign, – –

Right arrow ➝ →

Implies ⇒
Angle ∠ ∠
Therefore ∴
Because ∵
Less Than equal to, ≤ ≤
Greater than equal to, ≥ ≥
For complete list, refer to: https://dev.w3.org/html5/html-author/charref
This page can be searched by ‘Character Entity Reference’ in google.

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