Using TeX Notation Main page = Managing content » Filters ® Using TeX Notation Note: This page is a work-in-progress, Feedback and suggested improvements are welcome, Please join the discussion on moodle.org (http://moodle.org/course/view.php?id=5) or use the page comments TeX (/tex/tekh, often pronounced Tek in English) i a very widespread and popular way of representing Mathematics notation using only characters that you can type on a keyboard (see Wikinedia (https://en wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX). This makes ita useful format to use in Moodle, since it can be entered anywhere you can type tex, from forum posts to quiz questions. TeX expressions can be entered in multiple ways: « typing them directly into texts, « using the Java-based Dragmath editor in Moodle's TinyMCE editor. «using the HTML-based equation editor in Moodle’ Atto editor (since Moodle 2.7) Afterwards, TeX expressions are rendered into Mathematics notation: «© Using the TeX filter in Moodle, which uses a TeX binary installed on the server to convert expressions into gif images (or if that is not available, i falls back to a simple builtin mimetex binary) ‘© using the Mathlax filter which identifies TeX expressions and uses the Mathjax S library to render them in browsers at display time (since Moodle 27). «© using other third-party solutions ‘As you can imagine, the whole field is not as simple as we would lke, especially because there are many flavours of TeX and sight variations between tools This page focusses only on using TeX in care Moadle, See the links atthe bottom of this page for more information on setting up TeX editors and fikers, including other tools from the Moodle community that may be suitable for advanced users WARNING: This Wiki environment uses a DIFFERENT TeX renderer to Moodle, especially when it comes to control sequences, For this reason mages are sometimes used to represent what it should look Tike in Moodle. YMMV. Contents 1 Language Conventions 2 Equation displayed on its own ine 3 Equation displayed within text 4 Reserved Characters and Keywords 5. Superscripts, Subscripts and Roots 6 Fractions 7 Brackets 8 Ellipsis 9. Symbols 10. Arrows 11 Delimiters and Maths Constructs 12 Greek Letters 13 Boolean algebra 14 Fonts 15 Size of displays 16 Colour 17 Geometric Shapes 18 Circles 19. Creating Arcs 20 The\picture Command 21 Lines 22 Squares and Rectangles 23 Controlling Angles 24 Inersecting Lines 25. Lines and Ares26 TWiangles 27 Matrices 271A Matrix 272 Creating equal and unequal matrices 273 Labeling a Matrix 274 Tweaking the Matrix 275 An Addition Matric 27.6 A Subtraction Matrix 21.7 Multiplication Matrices 27.8 How to wrap long Mathiax equations 279 See also Language Conventions To identify a Tex sequence in your text, surround it with $§ markers. To invoke a particular command or control sequence, use the backslash, \ ‘Atypical control sequence looks lke: 58 x\ =) \rract\sart(14ayy{20\ \tines\ (yA #12) $8 Bxu+ 9) z Fraction and square root ‘Additional spaces can be placed into the equation using the \ without a tailing character. Equation displayed on its own line When an equation is surrounded by a pair of $$ markers, itis displayed centered on its own line. The $$'s are primitive TeX markers. With LaTeX tis often recommended to use the pair \[and \] to enclose equations, rather than the $$ markers, because the newer syntax checks for ‘mistyped equations and better adjusts vertical spacing. Ifthe TeX Notation fiter is activated, which seta LaTeX renderer, the same equation as above is obtained with the following contral sequence: ML x\ \ Wraetsare(t44p}{2)\ \tines\ Gy #4 22) \) However, if the equation is mistyped, it will be displayed enclosed in a box to signal the mistake and ifthe equation appears ina new paragraph, the vertical space above the equation will adjust correctly. Using \[.\] instead of $$... $$ may have other advantages. For example, with the Wiris equation editor installed, the Atto editor undesirably transforms the TeX code of equations enclosed with $$ into XML cade, whereas it does not do so when the equations are enclosed with \[ and v Equation displayed within text With the TeX notation fiter activated, an equation is displayed within the text when itis surrounded by the pair \(and'\). For example, the following: The point \C Vie Fe¢ {{x)_COD+VractP\LEFEC (OO_LOV? \rdRheDI s\ \Eractadtere( (0401) \ntene>Mp\tere( (O09) \rignt)) \right) \) 4s located. will display a follows The point (x94 5» $22) ise [Note thatthe single $ marks may not work for this purpose. Reserved Characters and Keywords ‘Most characters ane numbers on the keyboard can be used at their defauk value. As with any computing language, though, there area set of reserved characters and keywords that are used by the program for its own purposes. TeX Notation is no different, but it does have a very small set of Reserved Characters. This wil not be a complete lst of reserved characters, but some of these are @eseeaecy. To use these characters in an equation just place the \ infront of them like \S or \%. Ifyou want to use the backslash just use \backslash, The conly exception here seems to be the &, ampersand,Superscripts, Subscripts and Roots Superscript are recorded using te cre, symbol An example fora Maths css might be $8 4°2 \ (tines \ 453 \ = ans $s This Ss 2 shorthand way of sayin 6x A) KE) EEE A) 26 x 6¢ = 1024, exeae Subscripts are similar, but use the underscore character $8 342 \ \tines \ 203 $8 Bay x ey This is OK if you want superscripts or subscripts, but square roots are alte different. This uses a control sequence. 58 \sort{on) \ = 8 $8 va You can also take this alittle further, but adding in a contol character. You may ask a question like: 88 16 \ \sqrt{n}{4026) \ = \ 6, \ wnat \ is \ the \ value \ of \ m2 $5 If YOR = 4, what is the value of nt Using these different commands allows you to develop equations like: $8 The \sort{58) \ \Rimes \ 2 \ \tines 403 \ = \ 2024 $5 TheJB x 2 x # = 1024 Superscripts, Subscripts and roots can also be noted in Matrices. Fractions Fractions in TeX are actually simple, as long as you remember the rules. numerator 88 \frac{nunerator}(denominator) $$ which procuces Pumerator This can be given as 5 1 Fp itemalto 5. This is entered as: 88 \frac{s){29) \ As \ equal \ to \ \frac(a}{2).$8 {ractions. As you can see, With fractions (as with other commands) the curly brackets can be nested so that for example you can implement negative exponents in sense reaps wn sanessutere\trae(ce)rtent(2988 a2 prods (3) ae S8\frac(3}(4°(-3)}88 Will produce vor ky de at mint we s\racGneneeye o pater You can also use fractions and negative exponents in Matrices, Brackets {As students advance through Maths, they come into contact with brackets, Algebraic notation depends heavily on brackets. The usual keyboard values of (and ) are useful, for example: d=2x (4-4) This is witten as $8022) \tines \(@\ V3) 8 Usually, these brackets are enough for most formulae but they will not be in some circumstances. Consider this: a wr(er ey 15 OK, but try it this way: ws (2+ 3) This can be achieved by: $8 403 V+ \ \lereGe \ + \ \erac(azy(a + x4) \rdgne) 5 [Asimple change using the Veft( and \vight) symbols instead, Note the actual bracket 's both named and presented. Brackets are almost ‘essential in Matrices, Ellipsis The Ellipsis sa simple code: iy Bay oo En Written lke: $8, WV a2, \VAldots, Van $8 ‘A more practical application could be Question: ads together al the nunbers fron 2 3. hat is an elegant and simple solution to this problen? ‘Can you create an algebraic function to explain this solution? WEIL your solution work for 811 runvers?” ‘Answer: The question uses an even number to demonstrate a mathematical process and generate an algebraic formulaPens | Pama Pants 444 900 | an algebraic Rncton might ‘esd something the: Stn) xn Tesch male ner nb ad en ey robes ve contain ne betoneon sang ett ond ene vase ‘semen depen eg lente Ther sso ma rn get tad enw OS range of numbers, only an even range mm Symbols ‘These are not all the symbols that may be available in TeX Notation for Moodle, just the ones that | have found to work in Mocdle. ani hwo [U]vepie |e] vines |x ast + |\sagger ft |\oslsh | |wiangiee | « wigere (0 |eaaager Fotis | @ |wangleaht | > Witfansedown| y |\iamond e [wm | loser |e Wigwiangleus | |isiv + |Nominus_ | [we 2 re © [wedge [A lwee [V [twacp | Ves Sloe Bi wav See wee > [wim [~ lwo [Ll wrecea |S wwe = [ime |= lume [Tw < os > womp |= ariel |) wabeet \oupset D \asbestea C |\vpsttg | approx ea Fi [3 [itn |e |n > wsash fides [1 |buiee |e [esr Arrows Vetirow [t= [Vongletarow [= [\ietarow | |\longietarow [= Viahirow | Vongrghtanow | —> ighiwow |= ALongrgntirom | => ‘waren || Wparow 4 |wowrarow | | ownarrow Vetuightarow [+9 | ongltvightarow | <> |\wodownanow | | Wpdownarow |b \Uatigharow | \lonlerihtavow | €= \tsghhoroons |= | kn 2 \wearow | 7) vwarow \_lowarow C\weoron |S Delimiters and Maths Constructs NOTE: Most delimiters and constructs need additional parameters for them to appear appropriately. we |v al} |\vargle |) Mangle | enol sary | Va sar | 7a Viecabnes) | acisasn | | wieranaby a5 8 5 Noverineby|aB | wderineay | ab |stereore |, | ldots we oc # te Nemedset 0 WARNINGS: The & character in LaTeX usually requires a backslash In TeX Notation for Moodle, apparently, it does not. Other packages, ‘AsciMath, may use it differently again so be careful using it. The copyright character may use the MimeTeX charset, and produces a copyright notice for John Forkosh Associates who provided a lot of the essential packages for the TeX Notation for Moodle, so | understand, Ihave been, almost reliably, informed that a particular instruction will produce a different notice though .) ‘There are also a number of characters that can be used in TeX Notation for Moodle but do not render in this page:(ot eH) atumvennbase wide) or 50 Wentdegrae or 0).ere Greek Letters [isle [a [vbeto | [gamma 5 |deta |e |\eoston |¢ | zeta nies 8 hes |e No 1 [kappa | | amb | [ima Elie wi |p | ho @ |isgma |r vou |v | upsiton lien |x tens |W |p © [omega | Omega | Thee Alves | & Ph F |\Gamme [A | Lamoda | 2 sigma wiv (Bw || Wpston @ Jvarthews |e | athe | | warp 5 args Notable Exceptions Greek letter omicron (traditionally, mathematicians don't make much use of omicron due to possible confusion with zero). Simply put, lowercase omicton isan "0" redered as 0. But note \omicron may now work with recent TeX implementations including Mathlax. [At the time of writing, these Greek capital letters cannot be rendered by TeX Notation in Moodle: Alpha, Beta, Zeta, Eta, Tau, Ch, Mu, lot, Kappa and Epsilon, TeX methematics adopts the convention that lowercase Greek symbols are displayed as italics whereas uppercase Greek symbols are displayed 5 upright characters. Therefore, the missing Greek capital letters can simply be represented by the \mathrm} equivalent. A\B,Z,H,T,X,M,LK,E Boolean algebra ‘There are a number of different conventions for representing Boolean (logic) algebra. Common conventions used in computer science and lectronics are detailed below: Negation, NOT, >, | Mune, 1) \sin, \overtinet 3 Conjunction, AND, 4, + Mand, wedge, \edot Dysjunction, OR, v, +, Mor, Wwe, + Exclusive dysjunction, XOR v, @ \weebar, \oplus Equivalence, If and only ifequiv, \leftrightarrow \ieF Example: two representations of De Morgan's laws AB +B 55.4 \cdot 8 overtine{\overtine(A} + \overline(s}} 55 (AAB) = 7-4-8) $8 (A \land B) \equiv \Inot(\lnot(a) 20m \inoet6)) $$ Fonts To use a particular font you need to access the font using the same syntax as demonstrated above. ‘A math calligraphic font: ABCDEFGHITKLMN OPORSTUVAYE $$ \mathcalA8CDEFGHUKLMNOPORSTUVXYZ)$S Blackboard bold, a Castellar type font: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ, $$ \mathbb(ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ)SS ‘often used in number theory. For example: N = set of natural numbers including 0 0, 1,2, 3.) Z = set of integers (. -3,-2,-1,0, 1.2.3 0 Q = set of rational numbers, including integers, R = set of ral numbers, which includes the natural numbers rational numbers and irational numbers. Fraldur, an Old English type font: ABEDEFOHITALMNOPORSTUVAYS, $$ \mathfak(ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPGRSTUVXYZ)S$ This is liferent in Tex Notation in Moodle than tis fr other, ful, TeX packages. ‘An italic font: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ $$ \mathitABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVKYZ) $$ ‘Anormal, upright nonitalc, Roman font: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ $5 \mathrmyA8CDEFGHUKLMNOPQRSTUVXY2) $$ A bold-face font ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ $$ \mathbl¢ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPGRSTUVAYZ) $$ Size of displays ‘The default size is rendered slightly larger than normal font size, TeX Notation in Moodle uses eight ciferet sizes ranging from “tiny” to "huge". However,these values seem to mean different things and are, suspect, dependent upon the User's screen resolution The sizes can be noted in four diferent ways:Voz Vora sana ne \aesannea ines Wg 4B x (y +12) wu v0 vary sraoe\ewvecuncunarvinersreviass | = SF x (y +12) oor ssenevwencsoavinnornvas |t = “HE x (y +12) Gena ogee oe |sSromaien\=\Waeetaananvina\ore\ |= = EEX y+ 0) vise 2 It appears that TeX Notation in Moodle now allows 56, \¥s7, \huge and \Huge to be properly rendered. Colour Unlike many scripting languages, we only need to name the colour we want to use. You may have to experiment alitle with colours, but it wll ‘make for a brighter page. Once named, the entire statement will appear in the colour, and ifyow mix colours, the last named colour will dominate, Some examples: $8 ed =\ rte) ne 2128 o = Bx y+) $8 le = Mlacsgrt 4a) ines \ y+ 12188 c= Mx +12) $8 \grean\ = \ roc) Wings 4 12) $5 a= “xy +12) Fi vad = act nO ies 8 a : Hgenpiansensomcsss | 2 = Wx (y +12) = 6 ‘Moodle 2.2 note: You may find this doesn't work for you. You can try to add "\usepackage(colon}” to your tex notation setting "LaTeX preamble" (under Site administration/Plugins/Fiters/TeX notation)and then use this new syntax: $$ \color(red) x\ = \ \raci\sqrt(144)42) \ times \y\=\12) $5 You may note ths lat one, it is considerably more complex than the previous for colours, TeX Notation in Windows does not allow ‘multicoloured equations if you name a number of colours in the equation, only the last named will be used, Geometric Shapes ‘There are two ways to produce geometric shapes, one is wit circles and the other i with lines. Each take a bit of practice to get right but they «an provide some simple geometry. It may be easier to produce the shapes in Illustrator or Paint Shop Pro or any one of a number of other drawing packages and use them to ilustrate your lessors, but sometimes, some simple diagrams in Moodle will doa bette job Circles Circles are easy to make. ‘rcs ar easily create, and only needs 3 number to determine how large she cc Treat the cee use $8 \erle( 150 $5. Ths maces ceo 150 pss in ameter Creating Arcs Ares are aio easy to price but requis atonal paramters. The sare cai stir sed in ils crest the basic shape, but the indsion of start and end point creates only the ar: However netic where te O points, not tthe tue Nevth, but rather the East and run Iman anilovewse drecton7 - $8 crete 2090.180)55 ss\crattrz00s088, Ne ss eile 20802701 ) $8 \crlyr20270. 360988 ‘This structure breaks down into the \circle command followed by the diameter, not the radius, ofthe circle, followed by a semi-colon, then the demarcation of the arc, the nomination of the start and end points in degrees from the O, East, start point, Note that the canvas isthe size of the diameter nominated by the circl's parameters. The \picture Command Using circles and ares as shown above is somewhat limiting. The picture command allows you to use a frame in which to build a picture of ‘many layers. Each part of the picture though needs to be in its own space, and while this frame allows you to be creative, to a degree, there are some very hard and fast rules about using it. All elements ofa picture need to be located within the picture frame. Unexpected results occur when parts of an arc, for example, runs over the border of the frame. (This is particularly tue of ines, which we wil get to next, and the consequences of that overstepping of the border can cause serious problems} The \picture command is structured lke: \picture(aee) ((5e, 58) {\etreie(286)}) \comand(size of frane){(oc co-ordinate, y co-ordinate){\shape to dran(size or x co-ordinate, y co-erdinate)}) NOTE: The brace is used to enclose each set of required starting point coordinates. Inside each set of braces, another set of braces is used to Isolate each set of coordinates from the other, and those coordinates use their proper brackets and backslash. Count the opening and closing brackets, be careful of the position, SF pw OSS ROA CaO sng epicure fa youn yes ard Topicur tone bigs ders tyre ttyoumnoy not ahensesee, | 7S) | Ung te lie ame. you cn ye | Because ofthe fame sizeof 100px andthe centre pont ofthe cite inthe mide | \_// post ote tae hestop ce wile shed texted aes | $8 \picure( 1004450500499 (50.50) ‘erelea09) $$ ‘You ray want te See an image of ede with a dat inthe middle Using the same ideas a8 above you ean make "You may have to nt pica the centre dot eorecy but the ordering of he ™ serine, ‘erent iat mage may have an impact * " wy Sss\pctrertsoy(s0.so rl 1009, 180910050) 8 \pwret Tony 45}buletSOSO}Ncrdetp $8 ele 00-80 s60))88 Lines Warning: Drawing lines in TeX Notation in Moodle is an issue, go to the Using Text Notation for more information Ifthe Ine is not noted properly then the parser will ry to correctly draw the line but wll nt successfully complete it This means that every image that needs be drawn will be drawn until it hits the error. When the error is being converted, it falls, so no subsequent image is drawn. Be careful and make sure your line works BEFORE you move to the next problem or next image.8\ved\eictre200)(200 Vine 20.01/20 T2oivne16.0158 The tutu of the pcre bows that the piture(20) provides» square image template ‘The (200) provides the staring coorinates for any tne that comes after thi ate the stot pont sat 20paes inthe aes ane psn the y ax. The stating port forall oordnates G0, the bottom it comer an they un na lakse manner De nat ‘confuse this with ares The ne 180.0) determines he length ad inclination ofthe ne. nti as, he incination sO an the length 1809 These ae enclosed in orcas. alinside one sa of braces owned by the ptr contol sequence The next set af commands at the some tht, he (20200) are the coordinates af he nes Ine. the xcovvainae the 2, that the stance tothe ight fom the O past the Yeo-ordinste isthe distance fom the bottom of the ivaga, Wheres the fst lin started 2rdanon the bttom ofthe picture ame, th y co-ordinate starsat the 200 el mark “rom te bottom ofthe mage. The Ine 2t 180 pels ong ans has no slope Ths estes {picture exlsned 2 epresd prof pal ine While ths explains the structure of ain, there isa couple of elements that you need to go through to do more with them. Squares and Rectangles Drawing squares and rectangles is simi, but ony sgh ciferent. ‘There should be a square box tool, and there is, but unless it has something inside it, it does not display. It is actually easier to make a square sing the \line command. Thisbox's constructed wing 8 \pctre(25040,104int0.230),10,104Vine2300) (240 1o;ine(.28010,240}ne(230,0))85 ts» 250, pol square bow ith 9 250 pel square nade t “This box sliferentin thats hs the equa length indicators that are usd ina square 5 \piture(250)(10,10ine(9.230) (5.120410) (10.10) line 2300) (120, 5ne0.10) 240 OpAIne(230) (235,120) ‘le 1.0} 10 240)ina2400) (120238) e(0.,10)88 The rectangle then becomes the same thing, but ith ane sde shorter. Fora portrait ania would be $8 \pctret250)(0 1 int. 230)10,104Vinet1S00) Cad. O;Rine(9250110.240}4ine( 500085 ‘The rectangle can alo produc a lmescae shape 48 \picture(250(10, 1,610, 1ne(230,.09240,10) ne 160}10.7OKAINe 30.085. Controlling Angles Controlling angles isa itl different. They involve a different perception, but not one that is unfamiliar. Consider this: We have a point from which we want to draw line that is on an angle. The notation used at ths point can be positive, pasitve or postive, negative or negative, positive or negative, negative, Think of i like a number plane or a graph, using directed numbers. The 00 point isin the centre, and we have four quadrants around it that give us one ofthe previously mentioned resultsposite xand postive / S$sipicre(to0ns0.soyntne(a0.asn88, ‘$Sipcure(to0n0Sojaine-40.45)785 \ ‘negative xand postive ( $8ipicturet00H50.SOM ne 40,-45)88 | ‘snagatve xand nagatvey $8ipictre(to0yosoiineto-45)85 | postive x ands nagatvey Essentially, what these points boil down to is that anything above the insertion point is a positive on the y axis, anything below is a negative. ‘Anything to the left ofthe insertion point is a negative while everything to the rights a positive, ‘ha co-ordinate alignment process in TeXis not that good that you can ure one se of co-ode a3 single staring point for line. The hyerng of costes SSeS eee sees ‘This coro structure has a great del of impact on intersecting tines, pra! ines ana angles Intersecting Lines You can set up an intersecting par easly enough, using the \picture contol sequence, 45 pctre200}(100 ne 50 150) 6, 130}naN80-18D)) $$ ‘Tha ne that are cravn canbe lee $\peue tm OnInet30750H0150i 8-80 ANE TB ORTADEHCATAD SOOO om ‘oproduce another image To which you may want to ask the question Ssthe angle of\ ANB 115 Texter ee What \ i) te value of \Langle 8X0? S$ The & of AXB is 72°, What ts the value of xBXD? NOTE: Labeingthisimage abovesght tuned ov te iy simple. Ofeting point by» few pcs atthe stato el ports the nes proved a scceel statey. TheX pont proved lit mae probleme id tok mber of adtmersbelorepettng # wah Expeence hr al hey ‘With abel the drawing can become 3 le more tke your traditional geomet drwing, bu the devi inthe details The pall matkars need to be placed proper, and thats whave experiance ely comes nto it On Une that reverts or horizontal you an gt uy wth uking the > or « aecty = {tom the keyboard ofthe 39 oF symbols In ether cat, you need to poston them proper. a code: $8pictre 20041545} \ie(1 700) (15, 304K 170.244 5,16} int T7005, 14540180, 148,(S0 20, 1.175)88 20H} 140188) (22 32)Rkappayss.cenibeo (150165) \kappa) BOBNGgHEO.TSBINGD! 85 Lines and Arcs Combining lines and arcs is a serious challenge actually, on a number of levels For example, lets take an arc from the first page on circles.Fain innocuous of sel bt when we stato addin elements. i changes cramatialy, $$ erele(12090 780 $8, M ss\picure(1S0N75 75.1200 160)175754Mint-7.0H75, 75a! 75)) $8 Alelemens inthis dang startin the same pace Each yered, and propety placed on the canvas, and using the same co-od to start makes "easy to contel them. No mater the size ofthe ar, intersecting lines can a be craw sing the centre co-ords ofthe a Triangles fal the drawing object tis actually tingle that present the most challenge, For example Thisisa simple triangle, one that allows us to establish a simple set of rules for the sides. The vertical always has an x=0 co-ord and the horizontal always has a y=0 co-ord, In ths case with an x value of 330 on the horizontal, and a y value ‘of 320 on the vertical, the hypotenuse should then have a value of 340, and the y=330, but not so, they actually have an x=330 and, 9 y=320. ‘There is no need to add the starting point co-ords to the x and y values of the line (35009 040320 tossotenessgoncoro) S$pure35011010)\49300) {Mline(330,320))$$ (340,10}4\line(0,320))(340,330) " ‘Nline(-330,-320))$$ This tiangle has been developed for a Trigonometry page - but the additional notation should provide insight into how you can use it ‘This nbeed image, but thas an Vbox in ht He ne, With some efor it could be replaced with 0 intersecting shot nes, 8\pcture(850,150}(25.254 ne 300.0182525)\ m0 110)125254\EneBO0.110)808,25) boxe) (07 8) (her 35 75) bet} 750, 3ialphsI 35. 75MepsloM 8S The Wong shows Me: We use the cifferent elements f the wiangle oidenty thas things we need to know about a ght-anged triangle, ‘The hypotenuse is alas the sde thats opposte he right angle. The longest sie is always the Hypotenuse Toidentiy te other elements ofthe wrangle we look forthe sign 86 isthe starting point for otenuse Ld raring te ther ses ‘These hats oppose 28 known a the Oppose Opposite ‘he side thatlies alongside 8 is known asthe Adjacent side “odetermine whichis which draw ane that bisects ZO and whateverline crosses ie the Adjacent Opposite se ‘he code 58 \cwre(350, 250125 25\nt300,125.25\ne0.220)25.245)Vine800-220)(3 102510135, 180) FOOKVneB10-75) (25,254 Mbox SPN2525) ‘ine50,150)165 40} ypatense 202A acensi2 80K vatntebon 30KOpposte)\270 0}thets) SS Matrices [AMatrcis a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns which can be used to erganize numeric information. Matrices can be ‘sed to predict trends and outcomes in real situations - ie. pollingA Matrix abl ‘A matrix can be written and displayed like M =| c d 2 ef. In this case the matrix is constructed using the brackets before creating the array: $8 M = \LeFe[\bogin(array) {ccc} SubaL \\ chdk2 \\ ebF&3\end{arcay)\right] $$ The internal structure of the aray is generated by the & ampersand, and the double backslash, You can also create a grid for the matrix dashed ine ‘sod tne ‘Amite tne ibid ably M=|cidi2 M=! cid M=| cid? ef'3 elf[3. GHik) S8M = Vetveginiorayhe) B81 \Vhdash cd62\ co ARAL Wine cL \ line (aBbALT Hine eB \Vidosh Vhdash ef@\encarayivight $8 {atu \endarrayivight 88 eatea\endiarayivigh $8. ‘The command sequences here are the (clc<) and \hdash and \hline. The pipe, |, and the full stop determine the line type for the vertical line Matrices also respond to other TeX Notation commands such as size and colour ‘Cour sue {Bi $5 Welue M= \eiibeginorayiced ABI \\dash $8 V7 M= Ve\beginarayiece) ABBA \\hdash | $$ V2 M = Vefi\beginirayice AAT \ hash B82 \ \adasheBF8S\ondiarayvight 5 dz \ Vidas e883\encarayght $8 B82 \ dash eB f8S\ondiarayhvght Creating equal and unequal matrices Equal and unequal matrices are simply matrices that either share or not share the same number of rows and columns. To be more precise, ‘equal matrices share the same order and each element in the corresponding positions are equal. Anything else is unequal matrices ‘Actually equal and unequal matrices are constructed along similar lines, but have different shapes: Equal Matic ‘Anunagual mate abl 12M z ab] fizz cd2|=|109y cd|#]109 y ef 3. 8 To, ef, 87 o. S$$\eNBegifoay 1A \ cdBO e8M8endarayivighl\~\ S$$\ete\beginaay 9 \ cd \ ef endirayivight neg Aeftbegintray) 1281182 1088y \ BATEX\endses/VI9ht SS ettveginsey) 128718 \ OAS \BETEDAendareyiht SS Labeling a Matrix [Addition and subtraction matrices are similar again, but the presentation is usually ery different. The problem comes when trying to mix labels into arrays. The lack of sophistication in the TeX Notation plays against it here. ‘Moodle allows an easy adoption of tables to make it work though. Far example BALL the baker supplies three shops, &, 6 and C with pies, pasties and sausage rolls. He 4s expected to determine the stock levels of those three shops Jn his estination of supplses Itis better to use the Moodle Fullscreen editor for ths, to have a better idea of how the end product will look and to take advantage of the additional tools available. Design decisions need occupy our attention fora while. We need a table of five rows and four columns. The fist row 's a header row, so the label is centred, The next row needs four columns, a blank cel to start and labels A 8 and C. The next three rows are divided into two columns, withthe labels, pies, pasties and sausage rolls in each row of the frst column and the matrix resides in a merged set ‘of columns there, So first te tableInset Table =n properties Marge Celis Buon ‘Advanced Properties Insert Table - Mozilla 192.165 1.408/roodefb ect ft Gee —] eo — a ‘Alernert: (i - You may need to look nto the Advance properties setting ofthe tables and calls to make ths This isthe immediate result: [Merge the cells of the first row using the Merge Cells button © and clign the label ta the centre. Pies | [Enter the labels A, B and C into the second row. Pasties lenter the labels, Pies, Pasties, Sausage Ralls into the rows Iscusaael [Marge the cells of the R3,C2 to R5,C4 Ikolls [Enter the cade for the array. While not a very good look, it can be made better by tweaking the table using the advanced settings and properties buttons and then you can tweak the matrix tse Tweaking the Matrix Stores (sb \ett[\beginfarrayH{er50C+25.c.c} Poa [6 Tc asiasi \ 995 ait BD 16 13 33 7 hdashieatzaz2\ hhdash 148i 7815 hend{array Hright] 98 [Pes | Pasties [Sausage Rolls ‘Things are not always as they seem, be aware, the °c" does not stand for “column, it actually stands for “cent the letters | for left, for centre andr for right. The columns are aligned by Each colum is spread across 50 pixels, so the value of $0 is entered into the alignment declaration. The plus sign before the value is used to “propogate” orto force the value across the whole matrix, but isnot used when wanting to separate only one column. To set the rows is alittle more problematic. The capital letter C sets the vertical alignment to the centre, (Bis for baseline, but that does not {guarantee that the numbers will appear on the base line, and there does not appear to be any third value). The plus sign and following value Sets the height ofall rows to the number given. In this | have given ita value of 25 pixels for the entire matrix. If there were four or five rows, the same height requirements made The order things appear is also important Ifyou change the order of these settings, they wil ether not work at al, or will not render as you ‘expect them to. If something does not work property then check to make sure you have the right order firs. An Addition Matrix ‘The rule for performing operations on matrices is that they must be equal matrices. For example, addition matrices Look ike ‘Stores. AT @ [cc Taye Te Pies Pasties [Sausage Ralls| with the results obvious, The code isS8\eFEL \begingarray)(e+50C+25.¢.<) saanana \ \odasht6nz2a22 \ \héash 148a7a15 \end(arcay)\right) + \Lefef \begin(array)(c+5@+25.c.¢) ‘e50860 \ \naash aogeatse \ \ncash Jo4seRse \endtarcay)\rignt] $$ A Subtraction Matrix Similar to an addition matrx in its construction, the subtraction matrix is subject to the same rules of equality. Using the same essential data, we can calculate the daily sales of each of the shops. Dally Sales ‘Gpening Stocks Closing tous Relual Sales a e | © Pies 72 56 Pasties | “ba 43 (Sausage Rolls] 48 | 48 The codes: 88 \LeFt[\begin(array} {e+50C+25.¢.¢) 72835468 \ \ndash 5446165 \ \naash 48851860 \endfarray right) = \Lefe{ \begingarray){c+5@C+25.c.c) 23814012 \ \Rdash 16812822 \ \neash 14817815, \enaferray)\right] = \Lefef \bepin(array}{c+5@C+25.c.¢) 61881856 \ \ndash 38849865 \ \naash scasauea \endtarcay right] $$ Ths code locks mire complex than real ts clutered by the lines and alignment sequences Multiplication Matrices Different han the ation or subiacion mates the mutipcation mati comesin tree pats the row mati he cola matrix and the Srswer mati Ths mls thas a afetentconstution methodology 45° [10 14 16] [i] = 1450 854 304] ‘And the code for this is: 58 \begin{array) 10812826\end(array) \ \efe{ \eegintarray) 45 \\ 6 \\ 19 \end(array) right] \ = \ \egin{arvay} «souasassee\end{array} $8 While diferent, itis not necessarily more complex. For example, a problem lke: Bill the baker is selling Ais product to Con the cafe canes, who ants to make sure his overall prices are profitable for hinself Con needs to make sure that his average price is providing sufficsent profit to be able to keep the cafes open. Con makes his calculations ‘on a weekly basis, comparing cost to sale prices. With the pies, pasties and sausage roll in that order he applies them to the cost and sale price columns $2.10 $3.60 $735.00 $1260.00 350 310 270] | $2.05 $3.60] = | $635.50 $1116.00 $1.90 $3.10, $513.00 $837.00 The code for this is:S8\eFeL\begingarray) 35089108270 \end{array}\riahe] \ \efe{\oogingarray) \$2.108\$3.60 \ \$2.058\$3.60 \ \$1,908\$3.10 \endarray} \right] \ = \ \lereT\begin(array) \$735.208\$1260.08 \ \$535.508\$2116.00 \ \$513.0085\837.00 \end{array)\right) $$ How to wrap long MathJax equations ‘As described by Christopher Sangwin (https,//moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php? See this documentation (httpy/docs mathjaxorg/en/latest/outputiinebreaks htm). Add ComoniTHt: { Linebreaks: { automatic: true) }, “HIML=CSS": { LUnebreaks: { autonatic: true } }, SVG: { Linebreaks: { autonatic: true } } to "fter_mathjaxloader | mathjaxconfig" in the fiter settings: Dashboard > Site administration > Plugins > Filters > MathJax Seems to do the tric, See also + Mathematics tools FAQ © Matilax fier - available in Moodle 27 and later + TeX notation fier To turn onthe TeX Notation * DragMath equation editor = Chemistry notation using mhchem Retrieved from *https//does moodle.org/401 /en/index php?title=Using_TeX_Notationdioldi ‘Thi page mas ks eta on 19 May 202, 1850, Content s avalible under GNU General Public Ucense Punks therise noted.