Unit. No. Sr. No.

Question Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Answer

1 1 Concept of "Total Quality" was created in ______. Japan US UK South Korea Option 1
1 2 Quality can be defined as Conformance to _________. Specification Market Developer Company Option 1
Quality can be recongnized but not defined. This is called as the _________ view of
1 3 quality Transcendental User Product Manufacturing Option 1
1 4 "Quality is fitness for purpose". This is called as the ______ view of quality. Product User Transcendental Manufacturing Option 2
When Quality depends on the amount which the customer is willing to pay, it is called
1 5 as _____. User Manufacturing Value Product Option 3
1 6 The cost which arises from the efforts to prevent defects is called as ________. Appraisal cost Prevention cost Failure cost Miscellaneous cost Option 2

1 7 The cost which aries from defects like rework, repair etc. are called as ________. Internal Failure Cost External Failure Cost Appraisal Cost Prevention Cost Option 1
The cost which aries from tasks like helpline support, warranty etc. are called as
1 8 ________. Appraisal Cost Prevention Cost Internal Failure Cost External Failure Cost Option 4
1 9 Cost of Quality = Cost of Control + _________ Cost of Failure of Control Appraisal Cost Cost of Internal Failure Prevention Cost Option 1
______ is the conformity of the software with the actual requirements and
1 10 specifications Reliability Performance Security Functionality Option 4

1 11 ______ is the degree to which an application is protected against malicious attacks. Reliability Security Performance Functionality Option 2

1 12 ______ is the ability of the program to adapt to possible changes in its requirements. Flexibility Functionality Security Performance Option 1
______ is the ability of an application to consistently perform the required function on
1 13 demand with failure. Reliability Performance Usability Security Option 1
1 14 ______ is the ease of use and learning ability of the system. Performance Reliability Functionality Usability Option 4
1 15 "Delivering the right product" is part of _________ view of quality. Customer Developer Supplier Market Option 1

______ principle of TQM (Total Quality Management) aims to create a culture where
1 16 employees feel involved with the organizaiton. Total Employee involvement Total Staff involvement Member involvement Resource involvement Option 1

______ principle of TQM (Total Quality Management) aims to create proper

1 17 functioning between units of the organization. Integrated System Combined System Department System Staff System Option 1

Define, Monit Define, Measure, Monitor, Define, Monitor, Measure, Define, Measure, Monitor,
1 18 The cycle of Improvement Sequence is: or, Measure, Control, Improve Improve, Control Improve, Control Control, Improve Option 4
Communication in TQM (Total Quality Management) can be based on which of the
1 19 following? Strategies Methods Timelines All of the above Option 4
1 20 The most successful tool used for Statistical Process Control (SPC) is _______. Gantt Chart Control Chart Line Chart Bar Chart Option 2
Which among the following are included among the principles of TQM (Total Quality
1 21 Management)? Process-centered Customer-focused Integrated System All of the above Option 4
Organizational ________ refers to the pattern of shared values, beliefs etc. within an
1 22 organization. Setting Focus Culture Morals Option 3

1 23 The way to act and think within an organization is influenced by _________. Organizational Setting Organizational Culture Organizational Focus Organizational Morals Option 2
1 24 Organizational culture can include which of the following? Written rules Unwritten rules Beliefs All of the above Option 4
1 25 PDCA concept is related to? Process Improvement Process evaluation Process Selection None of the above Option 1
1 26 PDCA stand for ___________. Plan, Do, Change, Act Plan, Do, Check, Act Plan, Decide, Check, Act Plan, Do, Check, Arrange Option 2
1 27 What is termed as “Red Money”? Cost of Prevention Cost of Appraisal Cost of Failure Cost of Control Option 3
With respect to PDCA cycle- “ If any deviations are observed in actual outcomes with
respect to planned results the organization may need to decide the actions” . This will
1 28 come under which phase? Plan Do Change Act Option 4
1 29 Which of the following could be example of metrics for Software Quality? Number of tests executed Number of tests passed Number of tests failed All of the above Option 4
1 30 Which of these charts is used as a Problem solving Software Tool? Block diagram Flowchart Histogram Line chart Option 2
1 31 "Ishikawa diagram" is also known as ______. Fishbone diagram Linechart diagram Block diagram Flow diagram Option 1
1 32 Which of these are the components of a Fishbone diagram? Head Backbone Causes All of the above Option 4

1 33 Normally, Testing covers how much time of a Software Development Lifecycle? 0 - 10 % 30 - 40 % 5 - 15 % 60 - 70 % Option 2
1 34 How is the concept of Productivity described for working projects? Output / Input Output x Input Output + Input Output - Input Option 1
1 35 Improvement in Quality has a ________ effect on Productivity. Positive Negative No effect Worsening Option 1
1 36 Which of the following are the mandatory way of doing things? Guidelines Standards Templates Format Option 2
__________ characteristic of a Software refers to its ability to be used in most
1 37 effective manner. Functionality Reliability Efficiency Maintainability Option 3
Ability to transform a software from one working platform to another is called as
1 38 ______. Security Portability Usability Functionality Option 2
1 39 Modifying the software to correct errors is referred to as ________. Efficiency Maintainability Portability Security Option 2

1 40 Abiliity to upgrade a software for more number of users is referred to as ________. Scalability Portability Security Efficiency Option 1

1 41 Which of the following is the 3rd Tier of Quality Management System Structure? Quality Manual Quality Policy Quality Objectives Quality Process Option 1
1 42 Users can be trained to use the software product during which phase of SDLC? Deployment Maintainance Coding Testing Option 1
1 43 Which of the following is the example of an Application software? MS-Windows Word Processor Linux Unix Option 2
1 44 Which of the following is the example of a System software? Calculator Linux Word Processor Adode Photoshop Option 2
1 45 An Operating system can be considered an example of _________. Application Software Embedded Software System Software Non-system software Option 3
_________ is defined as the degree of impact a defect has on the development of a
1 46 Software. Severity Impact Effect Output Option 1
1 47 ________ defect affects the functionality of the software. Low Minor Major Small Option 3
1 48 Spelling mistake on a website is the example of a _____ level defect. Critical Major Minor Low Option 4
1 49 To become a billion dollar company could be termed as: Mission Goal Objective Vision Option 4
2 50 “One defect hides another defect” is termed as ? Camouflage Effect Cascading Effect Coverage Effect Redundant Code Option 1
2 51 Which of the following is not included in failure costs? rework repair failure mode analysis none of the mentioned option 4
2 52 Which of the following is not included in External failure costs? Testing help line support warranty work complaint resolution option 1
2 53 Which of the following is not an appraisal cost in SQA? inter-process inspection maintenance quality planning testing option 3

The cost arises form

The cost arises from efforts to defects identified internally The cost arises from efforts The cost arises from efforts
2 54 What is prevention cost? prevent defects. to correct them to prevent cost. to implement cost option1
_________ is define as the degree of impact a defect has on the development of a
2 55 component application being test. Quality Product Severity Process option 3
___________ matrix is used to trace the requirement to the test that are needed to
2 56 verify whether the requirement are fulfilled Total quality management Requirement Traceability Requirement engineering Project Quality Management option 2
____________ Testing is a type of software testing where we change certain
2 57 statements in the source code and check if the test case are able to find error. Mutation Decision Table Big bang Boundary value option 1
_________ is a version of the complete software tested by customer at his or her own
2 58 site without the developer being present. Alpha test Beta test Regression test System Testing option 2
2 59 ___________ is simply the input values to be passed to the system under test. Test Plan Test Design Test Data Test Cases option 3
________ is a document defines work products to be tested,how they will tested and
2 60 test type. Test Plan Test document Test case Test note option 1
2 61 ___________ cost arises from efforts to defects. Appraisal Prevention Internal failure External failure. option 1
A__________ document is a high level document defines software testing approach to
2 62 achieve testing objective. Test Plan Test Strategy Test case Test note oprtion2
Which of the following defect attribute denotes the order in which defects need to be
2 63 fixed? Severity Priority Intensity Complexity option 2
Evaluating deliverable to process of developing
2 64 Which of the following term describes testing? Finding broken code A stage of all projects find error software option 3
In which of the following testing strategies, a smallest testable unit is the encapsulated
2 65 class or object? Unit testing Integration testing System testing Component option1
2 66 Software mistakes during coding are known as errors failures bugs defects option 3
2 67 Effective testing will reduce _______ cost. maintenance design coding documentation option 1

2 68 Exhaustive testing is always possible practically possible impractical but possible impractical and impossible option 3
In test team _________ is responsible for planning and execution of the project and to
2 69 ensure the success of a project QA leader Test analyst Test engineer Program manager option 4
 In test team _________ is responsible for executing test, gathereing and managing
2 70 test data and evaluate the outcome of each test. Test Analysts QA leader Program member Test engineer option1
In test team ___________ is responsible for writing and executing test cases and
2 71 reporting test defects. Test engineer test analyst program member QA leader option 1
2 72 Cost of control= Prevention cost +_____________ Apprisal cost Internal failure cost External failure cost cost of control option 1
2 73 Cost of Failure of control= internal Failure cost + _____________ Apprisal cost Internal failure cost External failure cost cost of control option 3
The purpose of the _______________ document is to represent the testing philosophy
of the company as a whole and to provide a direction which the resting department
2 74 should ahere to and follow. Test policy Test plan Test case test data option1

2 75 What do you understand by V&V in software testing? Verified Version Version Validation Verification and Validation Version Verification option 3
2 76 Which one of the following is not a phase of Prototyping Model? Quick Design Coding Prototype Refinement Engineer Product option 2
2 77 What are the various Testing Levels? Unit Testing System Testing Integration Testing All the above option 4
Build & FIX Model & Waterfall Linear Model & Waterfall Model & RAD
2 78 The Incremental Model is a result of combination of elements of which two models? Model Linear Model & RAD Model Prototyping Model Mode option 3

Doesn’t work well for smaller Strong approval and Additional Functionality can
2 79 Identify the disadvantage of Spiral Model. projects High amount of risk analysis documentation control be added at a later date option 1
2 80 Which two models doesn’t allow defining requirements early in the cycle? Waterfall & RAD Prototyping & Spiral Prototyping & RAD Waterfall & Spiral option 2
Both Incremental and
2 81 Agile Software Development is based on Incremental Developmen Iterative Development Linear Development Iterative Development option 4
Eliminate the use of
Uses incremental product Only essential work project planning and
2 82 Which of the following does not apply to agility to a software process? delivery strategy products are produced testing It is based on iterative model option 3
Testing and debugging are
Testing is conducted by the different activities, but
Different testing techniques developer of the software debugging must be
are appropriate at different or an independent test accommodated in any
2 83 Which of the following is not a software testing generic characteristics? points in time group testing strategy None of the mentioned option1
Comparison of different Incorrect logical operators
2 84 Test cases should uncover errors like Nonexistent loop termination data types or precedence All of the mentioned option1
2 85 In which testing level the focus is on customer usage? Alpha Testing Beta Testing Validation Testing both alpha and beta option 4
understanding the customer
requirements and organize
What is the goal of the requirements analysis and specifications phase of software them in an informal Analyzing the cost of Determine scope of the
2 86 develoment life cycle? document development software designing model option1
Software tester focuses more on complex part of the software. Which of the following Testing shows presence of Testing is context
2 87 testing principle implies this? defects Pesticide paradox dependent Defect Clustering option 4
Breadth test and depth
2 88 Maintenance testing is performed using which methodology? Retesting Sanity testing test Confirmation testing option 3
Following are fundamental test processes arranged randomly. What will be the logical
sequential flow of these activities.1. Test Closure activity
2. Implementation and execution
3. Evaluating exit criteria and Reporting
4. Analysis and Design
2 89 5. Planning and Control 5,4,2,1,3 5,2,3,4,1 5,4,2,3,1 5,2,4,3,1 option 3
Implementation and Evaluating exit criteria and
2 90 Exit criteria is determined during Planning and Control execution Reporting Analysis and Design option 1

If the same tests are repeated Finding and fixing defects

over and over again , Testing can show that does not help if the system
eventually the same set of defects are present , but built is unusable and does not
test cases will no longer find A small number of modules can not prove that there fulfill the users need and
2 91 What is pesticide paradox? any new bugs contain most of the defects are no defects expectations. option 1
2 92 When testing principles are useful? During testing During execution During review Throughout life-cycle option 4
2 93 Mutation testing is __________ type of testing Black box White Box yellow box Green box option 2
2 94 Test cases are designed during which of the following stages? Test recording Test configuration Test planning Test specification option 4
Before using the spiral
2 95 In the spiral model ‘risk analysis’ is performed In the first loop In every loop model in first and second loop option 2
Doesn’t work well for smaller High amount of risk Strong approval and Earlier involvement of
2 96 Identify the disadvantage of the Spiral Model. projects analysis documentation control developer option 1

A useful approach when a The best approach to use Arisky model that rarely
A reasonable approach when a customer cannot define for project with large produces a meaningful
2 97 The Prototyping model of software development is requirements are well defined. requirements clearly development teams product option 2
What are the four framework activities found in the Extreme Programming(XP) process planning,analysis,design,co planning,analysis,coding,te planning,design,coding,testi
2 98 model analysis, design coding, testing ding sting ng option 4
2 99 Which is least required skill of a Tester? Good Programmer Reliable Attention to details Being diplomatic option 1
3 100 What will be the next-date value for mm-dd-yy format for 07-31-2020? 08-31-2020 08-01-2020 07-32-2020 07-08-2021 Option 2
When different combination of input requires different combination of actions, which Decision Table Boundary Value Analysis Equivalence Partition Decision Coverage Option 1
3 101 of the following technique is used in such situation?
3 102 Which of the following is/are White box technique? Statement Testing Boundary Value Analysis Error Guessing Equivalence Partitioning Option 1
3 103 Boundary value analysis belong to? White Box Testing Black Box Testing Grey Box Testing Red Box Testing Option 2
A city field in software accepts 3 to 25 alpha characters only. Using Boundary Value 2, 3, 25, 26 1, 3, 25, 27 2, 3, 25, 27 1, 3, 25, 27 Option 1
3 104 Analysis technique what will be the possible number of combinations?
3 105 Which of the following is not a boundary value testing? Normal BVT Robust BVT Normal-Robust BVT Worst-case BVT Option 3
3 106 The independent considerations that apply to input domain testing are validity of inputs Validity of output Number of faults Errors Option 1
Stongly typed languages would include the following where ( states open boundary and
3 107 [denotes closed boundary (a,b] [a,b] (a,b) [a,b) Option 2
3 108 Which of the following is a fourth generation strongly typed language? Ada C Cobol Fortran Option 1

3 109 The basic idea to test normal boundary values are to check the given options except minimum boundary nominal maximum boundary max+100 Option 4
3 110 Real-time Boundary value problem does not include temperature pressure air commision problem Option 4
3 111 equivalence class testing does not include Weak -Robust Strong-Robust Weak Normal Normal-Normal Option 4
3 112 What will be the next-date value for mm-dd-yy format for 07-31-2020 08-31-2020 08-01-2020 07-32-2020 07-08-2021 Option 2
In a decision-table for triangles there are ___________ways of creating an isoseles
3 113 triangle one two three four Option 3
3 114 Cause and effect graphs deploy the following discrete components except AND OR NOT Nor Option 4
Which second generation language uses statement labels to refer to target paths for d-
3 115 d graph FortranII C Ada Pascal Option1
3 116 It is acceptable to create DD-Path graph for source code upto 50 lines 100 lines 200 lines 500 lines Option 2

3 117 In a weakly -coupled triplet one affects second One affects both One does not affect other All affect each other Option 1

3 118 AND conditions are ___________ coupled OR conditions are _____________ coupled Strongly,strongly strongly, weakly weakly,weakly weakly,strongly Option 2

3 119 The mathematical notion of a “basis” has attractive possibilities for __________ testing functional non-functional structural non-structural Option 3
3 120 McCabe Complexity can be calculated from the formula: v-n+2 v-n+3 v-n+4 v-n+5 Option 1
3 121 A graph has 2 IF-conditions; what is itsMcCabe complexity? 1 2 3 4 Option 3
A program has 4 slices in Slice Testing, the ___________ of all gives the complete
3 122 program Intersection Union difference SUM Option 2

3 123 The number of input variables to be tested in a Normal Boundary Value system is 7 8 9 19 Option 3

3 124 Boundary Value testing on NextDate program does not give _____________ results bad good poor excellent Option2
3 125 Cyclomatic Complexity method comes under which testing method Black Box White box green box yellow box Option 2

A black box testing A black box testing A white box testing technique
A black box testing technique technique than can only be technique appropriate to appropriate for component
3 126 Equivalence partitioning is: used only by developers used during system testing all levels of testing testing Option 3
3 127 Code Coverage is WhiteBox BlackBox GreyBox Green Box Option 1
3 128 A graph with McCabe complexity=3 has how many basis paths one two three four Option 3
3 129 Structured Testing includes the following except Path Coverage Call Coverage Loop Coverage Exit Option 4
3 130 Structured programming codes includes all except sequencing alteration iteration multiple exits from loops Option 4
In Robust Worst-Case Testing, there are ___ states and a total of ___ test cases will be
n n
3 131 generated. 7, 7 5,5 7,7 5,5 option 1
3 132 Robust Boundary Value Testing forces attention on ________. Exception Handling Error Input Output option 1
Strong Normal Equivalence Class testing is based on the ______ assumption which
3 133 states that errors will result in a combination of faults. single multiple double random option 2

3 134 _____ Testing is a hybrid of boundary value analysis and equivalence class testing. Edge Robust Equivalence Robust Boundary Value Special Value option 1
A Decision tables in which all the conditions are binary are called ______ Entry
3 135 Decision Tables. Extended Limited Single Several option 2
________ is a systematic approach where the different input combinations and their
3 136 corresponding system behaviour (output) are captured in a tabular form. Cause Effect Graph Program Graph Equivalence Class Decision Table option 4
______ coverage is when executed on the program, every node in the program Graph
3 137 is traversed. Edge Chain Program Node option 4
Given a set of test cases for a program constitute ____________ if, when executed on
3 138 the program, every edge in the program Graph is traversed. Edge Coverage Path Coverage Chain Coverage Node Coverage option 1
_________ slices S(v,n) refer to statement fragments that contribute to the value of v
3 139 at statement n. Forward Backward Upward Downward option 2
DD-path graph is the directed graph in which_____ are DD-paths of its program graph,
3 140 and _______ represent control flow between successor DD-paths. path,nodes nodes,edges edges,graph nodes,graph Option 2
3 141 When all the nodes are travesered in program graph then it is called as ____ graph coverage Edge coverage Node coverage path coverage Option 3
Which is type of coverage for exercising a
3 142 set of rules such that each condition is evaluated to both true and false? Decesion coverage condition coverage Statement coverage path coverage Option 2
3 143 Statement and branch coverage metrics are part of Analysis Model Design Model Testing Source Code Option 3
3 144 Statement coverage is also known as ______ Line coverage Path coverage Code coverage Decesion coverage Option 1
Major benefit of ............... is that it is greatly able to isolate the portion of code, which
3 145 could not be executed. parameter coverage statement coverage Decision coverage Loop coverage Option 2
3 146 Cause-effect graphing is one form of: Structural testing Maintenance testing Regression testing Functional testing Option 1
3 147 The degree of an isolated node is always_____. 1 2 0 3 Option 3
3 148 How the degree of node is calculated in directed graph? indeg(n) indeg(n)+outdeg(n) indeg(n)*2 outdeg(n) Option 2
3 149 The Decision to Decision (DD) path graph is an extension of a ________ program graph program graph path Option 1
Fitness of Use which is defined as the customer view of quality can also be termed
4 150 as_______________- Verification Validation Regression Confirmation Option 1
Conformance to requirement which is developer view of quality can also be termed
4 151 as___________- Verification Validation Regression Confirmation Option 2
4 152 One of the foolowing is not a component of verification workbench: Verification Process Process rework Standards Validation Process Option4
which of the following is not considered as an official type of review in most of the
4 153 software verification processes Self Review Peer Review Inspection Walkthrough Option1
4 154 __________isa formal type of review Self Review Peer Review Inspection Walkthrough Option3
This audit checks whether all the requisite processes of delivery are followed or not
4 155 and whether the work product meets the delivery criteria or not. Predelivery Audit Phase End Audit Periodic Audit Product Audit Option1
In this review the author of the artifact presents it to all the team members and the
4 156 entire team discusses about the various aspects of the artifact Audit Superior Review Inspection Walkthrough Option4
This is the one who leads the complete inspection process including planning the
4 157 inspection, running it, taking the follow up after the meeting. Manager Moderator Author Reviewer Option2
4 158 In a typical inspection process which phase follows kickoff preparation Individual prepartion Inspection Meeting Planning for inspection Followup Option1
_________decides the execution of the inspection,defines the schedules,allocates time
4 159 and defines objectives of inspection. Manager Moderator Author Reviewer Option1
4 160 Name the step that is precedor to the step 'follow up' Decision on comment Inspection Meeting Planning for inspection Individual prepartion Option1
name the audit that checks whether the phase defined in the SDLC model achieves it
4 161 outcome or not Predelivery Audit Phase End Audit Periodic Audit Product Audit Option2
4 162 This is the person who prepares the artifact for inspection Scribe Moderator Author Reviewer Option3
4 163 One of the following is not a a characteristic of nice domain orthogonal complete linear inconsistent Option4

_____________testing invoves testing of software with software environmental

4 164 factors like database , operating system , where the application is supposed to work. Interface testing Integration testing System Testing Unit Testing Option1
Name the testing that involves testing of many units by combing them together to
4 165 form a module or sub module. Interface testing Integration testing System Testing Unit Testing Option2
_______matrix starts with the requirements as stated in the requirement specification
4 166 and goes forward upto test results. Traceability Testing Specification Execution Option1
This si a testing program based on specification like requirement specification, design
4 167 specification, user manual etc. Feature Coverage Specification Based Testing Functionality Coverage Integration Testing Option2
4 168 One of the folowing is not included in levels of validation. Review Unit testing Integration Testing Acceptance testing Option1
4 169 ____________testing involves stubs and drivers in the process of testing Review Unit testing Integration Testing Acceptance testing Option2
4 170 This testing is termed as dynamic testing. validation testing verification testing requirement testing stress testing Option1
Name the technique used to find heavily used path from other path present the
4 171 application where the control goes rarely. Path Sensitizing Path Profiling Path Testing Path reading Option2
4 172 In this stratergy we find a defect or a bug that go through the paths Path Sensitizing Path Profiling Path Testing Path reading Option1
the testing done to find whher the application is alive or not and also finds whether the
4 173 user can work with it or not. Interface testing Integration testing System Testing Smoke Testing Option4
_________testing is done when the developemnt organisation wishes to check that
4 174 the uninstallation is clean or not. Updation testing Installation testing Pre-requisite testing Unstallation testing Option4
4 175 __________ testing is an onsite acceptance test. Beta Gamma Alpha Unit Option3
4 176 ________ testing is also known as field testing. Beta Gamma Alpha Unit Option1
4 177 __________ is an offsite acceptance test. Alpha Gamma Beta Unit Option3
_________ Testing is carried out at clients site by the end users or the stake holders of
4 178 the product. Beta Gamma Alpha Unit Option1
_________ Testing is carried out at the end of software deveopment process and
4 179 before handing over the software to clients. Beta Gamma Alpha Unit Option3
Both Alpha and Beta
4 180 Find which of the following are the types of acceptance testing. Alpha Testing Beta Testing Testing Unit testing Option3
4 181 Acceptance testing is also referred as ________ testing. Blue Box Red Box Grey Box White Box Option2
_________ model explains the validation activities associated with different phases of
4 182 software development. Verification VV Waterfall validation Option4
4 183 Program level designs are associated with _________ testing. Unit Componant Integration Acceptance Option3
4 184 At the code level to validate individual units ________ testing is done. Unit Componant Integration Acceptance Option1
Design phase testing is associated with _______ testing which covers design
4 185 specification as well as structural testing. Unit interface integration acceptance. Option2

4 186 Which of the following in testing is not the characteristic of Good Requirement. Adequate Clear Verifiable Complex Option4
____________ should be consistent with the application development
4 187 methodology,schedules and deliverables. Test Case Test Scenario Test Plan Test Document Option3
_________ develops a test plan to incorporate test strategies,define schedules and
4 188 methods of testing. Test Lead Project Manager Test Manager Moderator Option1
4 189 ___________ is responsible for defining test strategies in testing. Test Lead Project Manager Test Manager Moderator Option3
___________ is the most vital stage in software development where product is actually
4 190 built. Designing coding testing Maintainance Option2
__________ describes verification and validation activities associated with software
4 191 development during the entire lifecycle. RAD Model Incremetal VV Model Validation Model Option3
The project team along with architests and designers may walk through the design to
find the completeness and give comments, if any this process is called as
4 192 _______________. Design Validation Design Verification Design Implementation Prioritorisation Option2

4 193 ____________ is carried out through the inspection of requirement specification. requiement Verification Design Verification Design Validation Requirement Validation. Option1
____________ review helps in identification of errors with respect to
4 194 indenting,commenting and coding standards. Requirement Review Code Review Design Review Team Review Option2
4 195 ___________ is the final user group or people who are actually sponsoring the project. Developers Managers Customers Testers Option3
__________ team includes test managers,test leads and testers as per the scope of
4 196 testing. Development Analysis Testing Maintainance Option3
__________ is a technique used for constructing the program structure while at the
4 197 same time carrying out tests to uncover errors related with interfacing. Integration Testing Interface Testing System Testing Unit Testing Option1

4 198 The testing that is done to verify the interface functionality is called ____________. Integration Testing Interface Testing System Testing Unit Testing Option2
4 199 _________ is not involved in System Testing. Developers Designer User Testers Option3
___________ is conducted on whole integrated system to estimate the systems
5 200 compliance with its specified set of requirements. Integration Testing Interface Testing System Testing Unit Testing Option3
5 201 ____________is largely a white box oriented. Module testing Integration Testing Design testing Proposal testing option1
Sandwich Integration Bottom-Up Integration
5 202 Hybrid Integration Testing is also known as ____________. Big-Bang Integration Testing Testing Testing Integration Testing option 2
Which testing is concerned with behavior of whole product as per specified
5 203 requirements? Acceptance testing Component testing System testing Integration testing option 3
5 204 System architecture is determined during which phase? Requirement gathering Implementation Development Design option 4
Verifying that whether software components are functioning correctly and identifying
5 205 the defects in them is objective of which level of testing? Integration testing Acceptance testing Unit testing System Testing option 3
5 206 "Stubs" and "Drivers" are used is which type of testing? Alpha Testing Beta Testing Integration Testing Unit Testing option 3
To verify that system
separately testable
modules are functioning
5 207 What is the objective of integration testing? To verify that system is functioning
To verify that system meets properly To verify that interfaces between
option 4
5 208 _______________are the Testers of System Testing? Developers Business Analysts Independent Testers Customers option 3
5 209 Faults are found most cost-effectively in which test activity? Design Execution Planning Release option 3
Reusability reduces code
which of this is an disadvantages of small code? Avoids huge coding testing becomes easier None of the above Option 4
5 210 size
5 211 ________ Testing makes sure that the functionality of product is working as per Functionality Testing Recoverability Testing Performance Testing Reliability Testing Option 1
5 212 ________ Testing makes sure that system's stability is maintained after modifications. Usability Testing Scalability Testing Regressive Testing Recoverability Testing Option 3
5 213 ________ Testing aims to test the limits of the System. Stress Testing Volume Testing GUI Testing Installation Testing Option 1
5 214 ________ principle of Security Testing, means that data should not be changed. Vulnerability Authorization Integrity Denial of Service Option 3
5 215 ________ is a testing technique for writing test cases. Installation Testing Stress Testing Decision Table Testing Integration testing Option 3
5 216 Recovery Testing comprises of _________. System Recovery System Design System Coding System Maintainence Option 1
5 217 ______ Testing checks if the system is capable of handling errors. Unit Testing Integration Testing Error Handling Testing Installation Testing Option 3
In ________ Testing, we give same inputs in two different versions of the software Operations Testing Parallel Testing Smoke Testing Installation Testing
Option 2
5 218 application.
Capability Modification
CMM stands for __________. Capability Maturity Model Common Maturity Model Common Modification Model Option 1
5 219 Model
5 220 How many process maturity levels are there? Five Two Three Four Option 1
5 221 This is not a valid level in CMM Adhoc Managed Defined Premature Option 4
5 222 "Design a little, Code a little, test a little" is used in Conventional languages RDBMS Assembly Language Machine Language Option 1
5 223 The cost of finding and correcting errors _______ with time. Increases Decreases Remains same Depends on Software Option 1
5 224 ________ Testing is performed without any proper planning. Ad Hoc Testing Interstate Testing Parallel Testing Execution Testing Option 1
Common Object Training Call Online Training
COTS' stands for Commercial Off the Shelf Capability Off the Shelf Option 2
5 225 Standard Standard
_________ is a Security Testing technique where we try different combinations of SQL injection Database injection Brute Force Attack Scripting Attack
Option 3
5 226 username and password.
Functional Testing approach of an eBusiness/eCommerce can include __________ Performance of system User interfaces Online help Shopping Cart Option 4
5 227
5 228 ________ type of Integration includes combining all the modules at once. Big-Bang Testing Top-Down Testing Bottom-up Testing Sandwich Testing Option 1
Change management and
Agile Methodology includes __________. Adhoc processes Repeatable process Following fixed plan Option 3
5 229 communication
5 230 A GUI is ___________________ Software interface Hardware interface interpreter Language controller option 1
 A test technique that involves testing with various ranges of valid and invalid inputs of
5 231 a particular module or component functionality extensively is ___________. Gorilla Testing Monkey Testing Agile Testing Baseline Testing option 1
5 232 Code must be ______________with design componenets. Clarity Traceable Maintainable Complete Option 2
5 233 A design must be ______________in all respect. Clarity Traceable Implementable Complete Option 4
5 234 RFP stands for ______________________ Request for Performance Request for Proposal Request for Potential Request for prediction Option 2
5 235 ______________represent the possible attacks on the system from outsider. Perpetrators Vulnerability Threats Penetration Option 3
5 236 ____________are the entities who are unwelcome guests in the system. Perpetrators Threats Penetration Implementation Option 1
______________is performed with the help of automated software to scan a system to
5 237 detect the known vulnerability patterns. Vulnerability scanning Security scanning Penetration scanning Threat scanning Option 1
___________categorizes the inputs and outputs of a category so as to check them
5 238 severely. This minimizes the number of cases that have to be designed. Random Testing Partition Testing Scenario-based Testing Class Testing Option 2
____________is a software and business process which allows businesses to work
5 239 through internet that is digitally. E-Business Testing E-Commerce Testing E-content Testing E-Learning Testing Option 2

5 240 COTS is the acronym for ______________ Commercial-Off-the-Shelf Commercial-Off-the-Shelt Commercial-Off-the-Self Commerce-Off-the-Shelf Option 1
Can be uploaded by Organized around
5 241 A datawarehouse is which of the following? Can be uploaded by user developer important subject areas Contains only current data Option 3
__________is to check system performance with increased volume of data in the
5 242 database. Recovery Testing complexity-testing Stress-testing volume-testing Option 4
5 243 How many types of performance testing techniques are there? one Four Two Three Option 2
5 244 Which techniqe is applied for usability testing? White-box testing Black-box testing Gray-box testing Combined to all testing oprtion2
____________is the process of executing the code and comparing the expected and
5 245 actual results. Test Execution Test analyst Test process Test expert Option 1
____________ is a testing technique in which the same inputs are entered in two
5 246 different versions of the application and reporting the anomalies Parallel testing complexity-testing Stress-testing volume-testing Option 1
Agile testing is unstructured as compared to the _________________ and there is
5 247 minimal planning. SDLC Agile Parallel approach waterfall approach Option 4
5 248 ____________ is minimal and the test process less structured. Test process Test planning Test case test data Option 2
5 249 Acceptance testing is conducted at the ___________of each iteration Start Middle end every step option 3
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lOMoARcPSD|13617882

Software Quality Assurance MCQ

1 .Which of the following is not included in failure costs?

a) rework
b) repair
c) failure mode analysis
d) none of the mentioned
Ans: d

2 . Which requirements are the foundation from which quality is measured?

a) Hardware
b) Software
c) Programmers
d) None of the mentioned
Ans: b

3. Which of the following is not a SQA plan for a project?

a) evaluations to be performed
b) amount of technical work
c) audits and reviews to be performed
d) documents to be produced by the SQA group
Ans :b

4. Degree to which design specifications are followed in manufacturing the product is called
a) Quality Control
b) Quality of conformance
c) Quality Assurance
d) None of the mentioned
Ans: b

5. Which of the following is not included in External failure costs?

a) testing
b) help line support
c) warranty work
d) complaint resolution
Ans : a

6. Which of the following is not an appraisal cost in SQA?

a) inter-process inspection
b) maintenance
c) quality planning
d) testing
Ans: c

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7. Who identifies, documents, and verifies that corrections have been made to the software?
a) Project manager
b) Project team
c) SQA group
d) All of the mentioned
Ans: c

8. The primary objective of formal technical reviews is to find _______ during the process so that
they do not become defects after release of the software.
a) errors
b) equivalent faults
c) failure cause
d) none of the mentioned
Ans: a

9. What is not included in prevention costs?

a) quality planning
b) formal technical reviews
c) test equipment
d) equipment calibration and maintenance
Ans: d

10. Software quality assurance consists of the auditing and reporting functions of management.
a) True
b) False
Ans : a

11. Quality Management in software engineering is also known as

a) SQA
b) SQM
c) SQI
d) SQA and SQM
Ans: a

12. Quality also can be looked at in terms of user satisfaction which includes
a) A compliant product
b) Good quality output
c) Delivery within budget and schedule
d) All of the mentioned
Ans : d

13. Inspections and testing are what kinds of Quality Costs?

a) Prevention
b) Internal Failure

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 lOMoARcPSD|13617882

c) External Failure
d) Appraisal
Ans: a

14. What is Six Sigma?

a) It is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance
b) The “Six Sigma” refers to six standard deviations
c) It is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance AND The “Six Sigma”
refers to six standard deviations
d) A Formal Technical Review(FTR) guideline for quality walkthrough or inspection
Ans: c

15. Which of the following is not a core step of Six Sigma?

a) Define
b) Control
c) Measure
d) Analyse
Ans: b

16. Non-conformance to software requirements is known as

a) Software availability
b) Software reliability
c) Software failure
d) None of the mentioned
Ans : c

17. Software safety is equivalent to software reliability.

a) True
b) False
Ans: b

18. Misinterpretation of customer communication is a sample of possible cause defects.

a) True
b) False
Ans: a

19. What kind of quality cost is incurred when an error is detected in a product prior to shipment?
a) Prevention
b) Internal Failure
c) External Failure
d) Appraisal
Ans: b

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20. The degree to which the design specifications are followed during manufacturing is known as
a) Quality of design
b) Quality of conformance
c) Quality of testing
d) None of the mentioned
Ans: b

21. Quality of design encompasses requirements and specifications of the system.

a) True
b) False
Ans : a

22. According to ISO 9001, inspection and testing comes under which management responsibility?
a) Process control
b) Document control
c) Control of nonconforming products
d) Servicing
Ans : a

23. Alpha testing is done at

a) Developer‟s end
b) User‟s end
c) Developer‟s & User‟s end
d) None of the mentioned
Ans: a

24. Boundary value analysis belong to?

a) White Box Testing
b) Black Box Testing
c) White Box & Black Box Testing
d) None of the mentioned
Ans: b

25. What are the various Testing Levels?

a) Unit Testing
b) System Testing
c) Integration Testing
d) All of the mentioned
Ans: d

26. Which of the following is/are White box technique?

a) Statement Testing
b) Decision Testing

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c) Condition Coverage
d) All of the mentioned
Ans: d

27. Exhaustive testing is

a) always possible
b) practically possible
c) impractical but possible
d) impractical and impossible
Ans :c

28. White Box techniques are also classified as

a) Design based testing
b) Structural testing
c) Error guessing technique
d) None of the mentioned
Ans : b

29. Which of the following term describes testing?

a) Finding broken code
b) Evaluating deliverable to find errors
c) A stage of all projects
d) None of the mentioned
Ans: b

30. The testing in which code is checked

a) Black box testing
b) White box testing
c) Red box testing
d) Green box testing
Ans :b

31. Acceptance testing is also known as

a) Grey box testing
b) White box testing
c) Alpha Testing
d) Beta testing
Ans : d

32. Which of the following is non-functional testing?

a) Black box testing
b) Performance testing
c) Unit testing
d) None of the mentioned

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Ans : b

33. Beta testing is done at

a) User‟s end
b) Developer‟s end
c) User‟s & Developer‟s end
d) None of the mentioned
Ans : a

34. Unit testing is done by

a) Users
b) Developers
c) Customers
d) None of the mentioned
Ans : b

35. Behavioral testing is

a) White box testing
b) Black box testing
c) Grey box testing
d) None of the mentioned
Ans : b

36. Which of the following is black box testing

a) Basic path testing
b) Boundary value analysis
c) Code path analysis
d) None of the mentioned
Ans : b

37. Validation refers to the set of tasks that ensure that software correctly implements a specific function.
a) True
b) False
Ans : b

38. In which testing level the focus is on customer usage?

a) Alpha Testing
b) Beta Testing
c) Validation Testing
d) Both Alpha and Beta
Ans : d

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39. Which testing is an integration testing approach that is commonly used when “shrink-wrapped”
software products are being developed?
a) Regression Testing
b) Integration testing
c) Smoke testing
d) Validation testing
Ans : c

40. What is normally considered as an adjunct to the coding step

a) Integration testing
b) Unit testing
c) Completion of Testing
d) Regression Testing
Ans : b

41. What is the main purpose of integration testing?

a) Design errors
b) Interface errors
c) Procedure errors
d) None of the above
Ans : b

42. Testing of individual components by the developers are comes under which type of testing?
a) Integration testing
b) Validation testing
c) Unit testing
d) None of the above
Ans : c

43. _____ is a white-box testing technique first proposed by Tom McCabe.

a) Equivalence Partitioning
b) Basis Path Testing
c) Boundary Value Analysis
d) None of the above.
Ans : b

44. When the Testing Principles are useful while building the Software Product?
a) During testing
b) During execution
c) During review
d) Throughout life-cycle
Ans : d

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45. When different combination of input requires different combination of actions,Which of the following
technique is used in such situation?
a) Boundary Value Analysis
b) Equivalence Partition
c) Decision Table
d) Decision Coverage
Ans : c

46. Which of the following is not a part of Performance Testing?

a) Measuring Transaction Rate.
b) Measuring Response Time.
c) Measuring the LOC.
d) None of the above
Ans : c

47. Finding Defect is not a major goal of Acceptance Testing.

a) True
b) False
Ans: True

48. Which of the following is the form of Alpha and Beta Testing?
a) Acceptance Testing
b) System Testing
c) Unit Testing
d) Integration Testing
Ans : a

49. Which of the following is a myth in testing?

a) Tester can find bugs
b) Any user can test software
c) Missed defects are not due to testers
d) Complete testing is not possible
Ans : b

50. SDLC stands for ________

a) Software development life cycle
b) System development life cycle
c) Software design life cycle
d) System design life cycle
Ans : a

51. Which of the following divides the input domain into classes containing data?

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 lOMoARcPSD|13617882

a) Equivalent partitioning
b) Environment partitioning
c) Procedure division
d) Compilation division
Ans : a

52. -------- is not a Test Document.

a) Test Policy
b) Test Case
c) PIN ( Project Initiation Note)
d) RTM (requirement Traceability matrix)
Ans : c

53.Continual (Continuous) improvement cycle is based on systematic sequence of --------------

activities.
a) SDLC
b) PDCA
c) waterfall model
Ans : b.

54. ----------- is the application of quality principles to all facets and business process of an organization.
a) TQM
b) Software Testing
c) Software tools
Ans : a

55. The cost incurred in first time reviews and testing is called ---------
a) Red money
b) Green money
c) Blue money
Ans : c

56. Innovation is the ---------------activity leading to changes.

a) Planned
b) Accidental
c) virtual
Ans : a.

57. Inventions may leads to major changes in technology , way of doing work.

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 lOMoARcPSD|13617882

a) true
b) false Ans : true

58. ‘Q’ organizations are less quality conscious organizations.

a) true
b) false
Ans: false

59. Quality management system of a organization based on which pillars

a) Test plans, Test conditions & decisions
b) Quality processes, Guidelines and standards & Formats and templates
c) Quality police, objectives and manualsAns : b

60. Requirement Traceability Matrix is a way of doing complete mapping of softwarea) true
b) false
Ans : true

61. V- model uses--------- test models

a) Component testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing
b) alpha testing, beta testing , acceptance testing and user testing
c) black box testing, white box testing and gray box testingAns : a

62. A product which is manufactured by using the degree of the design specification…
a) Quality of conformance
b) Quality Control
c) Quality Assurance
d) None of the above.
Answer – A

63. Software quality assurance consists of which function of management.

a) reporting functions
b) auditing functions
c) both and b
d) all of the above
Answer – c

64. Select what is the primary objective of formal technical reviews to find during the process so that after the
release of the software they do not become the defect…
a) failure
b) faults
c) errors
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 lOMoARcPSD|13617882

d) none of the mentioned

Answer – C

65. Select the people who identify the document and verifies the correctness of the software…
a) Project manager
b) SQA team
c) Project team
d) All of the mentioned
Answer – B

66. Select the option which is not an appraisal in SQA?

a) inter-process inspection
b) maintenance
c) testing
d) quality planning
Answer – D

67. What happened if an expected result is not specified then

a) we cannot run the test
b) we cannot automate the user input values
c) it may be difficult to determine if the test has passed or failed
d) it may difficult to repeat the test
Answer – D

68. Loop Testing methodology includes which of the following.

a) Simple Loops
b) Nested Loops
c) Concatenated Loops
d) All of the above
Answer – D

69. Faults are found most cost-effectively in which test activity?

a) design
b) execution
c) planning
d) Check Exit criteria completion
Answer – C

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1. "Delivering the right product" is part of _________ view of quality.

a. Customer
b. Developer
c. Supplier
d. Market

2. The most successful tool used for Statistical Process Control (SPC) is _______.
a. Gantt Chart
b. Control Chart
c. Line Chart
d. Bar Chart

3. Which of these charts is used as a Problem solving Software Tool?

a. Block diagram
b. Flowchart
c. Histogram
d. Line chart

4. Normally, Testing covers how much time of a Software Development Lifecycle?

a. 0 - 10 %
b. 30 - 40 %
c. 5 - 15 %
d. 60 - 70 %

5. Which of the following is the example of an Application software?

a. MS-Windows
b. Word Processor
c. Linux
d. Unix

6. Spelling mistake on a website is the example of a _____ level defect.

a. Critical
b. Major
c. Minor
d. Low

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7. The cost which arises from the efforts to prevent defects is called as ________.
a. Appraisal cost
b. Prevention cost
c. Failure cost
d. Miscellaneous cost

8. What is termed as “Red Money”?

a. Cost of Prevention
b. Cost of Appraisal
c. Cost of Failure
d. Cost of Control

9. Organizational ________ refers to the pattern of shared values, beliefs etc. within an organization.
a. Setting
b. Focus
c. Culture
d. Morals

10. "Quality is fitness for purpose". This is called as the ______ view of quality.
a. Product
b. User
c. Transcendental
d. Manufacturing

11. Which of the following is not included in failure costs?

a. Rework
b. Repair
c. Failure mode analysis
d. Requirement Analysis

12. ______________represents the possible attacks on the Software system from outsider.
a. Perpetrators
b. Vulnerability
c. Threats
d. Tresspass

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13. Which of these techniques is applied for Usability testing?

a. White-box testing
b. Black-box testing
c. Gray-box testing
d. Green-box testing

14. ___________ matrix is used to trace the requirement to the test that are needed to verify whether
the requirement are fulfilled.
a. Total quality management
b. Requirement Traceability
c. Requirement engineering
d. Project Quality Management

15. Which of the following defect attribute denotes the order in which defects need to be fixed?
a. Severity
b. Priority
c. Intensity
d. Complexity

16. ________ is a document defines work products to be tested, how they will tested and test type.
a. Test Plan
b. Test document
c. Test case
d. Test note

17. In test team ___________ is responsible for writing and executing test cases and reporting test
defects.
a. Test engineer
b. Test analyst
c. Program leader
d. QA leader

18. Which of the following does not apply to agility to a software process?
a. Uses incremental product delivery strategy
b. Only essential work products are produced
c. Eliminate the use of testing
d. It is based on iterative model

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19. Identify the disadvantage of Spiral Model.

a. Doesn’t work well for smaller projects
b. High amount of risk analysis
c. Strong approval and documentation control
d. Additional Functionality can be added at a later date

20. What are the four framework activities found in the Extreme Programming (XP) process model
a. Analysis, design coding, testing
b. Planning,analysis,design,coding
c. Planning,analysis,coding,testing
d. Planning,design,coding,testing

21. In which testing level the focus is on customer usage?

a. Unit Testing
b. Random Testing
c. Monkey Testing
d. Alpha & Beta Testing

22. ____________ Testing is a type of software testing where we change certain statements in the
source code and check if the test case are able to find error.
a. Mutation
b. Decision Table
c. Big bang
d. Boundary value

23. Boundary value analysis belong to?

a. White Box Testing
b. Black Box Testing
c. Grey Box Testing
d. Red Box Testing

24. A city field in software accepts 3 to 25 alpha characters only. Using Boundary Value Analysis
technique what will be the possible number of combinations?
a. 2, 3, 25, 26
b. 1, 3, 25, 27
c. 2, 3, 25, 27
d. 1, 3, 25, 27

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25. If a variable X can have input values from 0 to 100, then the middle value 50 is called _______ in
Robust Boundary Value Testing.
a. Nominal
b. Average
c. Center
d. Mean

26. The different independent paths in a program are called as __________.

a. Program paths
b. Different paths
c. Total paths
d. Basis paths

27. Providing "empty string" or "special characters" as input is type of _________.

a. Unit Testing
b. Integration Testing
c. Beta Testing
d. Special Value Testing

28. Path Testing is a type of ___________.

a. Non-Structural Testing
b. Structural Testing
c. Ad Hoc Testing
d. Random Testing

29. The initial node in the Decision to Decision (DD) path has in-degree = _____
a. 1
b. 0
c. 3
d. 2

30. __________ does not follow any predefined test cases.

a. White Box Testing
b. Random Testing
c. Glass Testing
d. Path Testing

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31. If we perform Worst case Boundary Value Testing on 2 variables who can take 5 values each, then
the total number of test cases would be __________.
a. 10
b. 5
c. 25
d. 20

32. Equivalence Class testing (ECT) has a total number of _____ different types.
a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 6

33. _________ Audit checks whether the phase defined in the SDLC model achieves it outcome or not.
a. Predelivery Audit
b. Phase End Audit
c. Periodic Audit
d. Product Audit

34. Which of the following is not considered as an official type of review in most of the software
verification processes?
a. Self Review
b. Peer Review
c. Inspection
d. Walkthrough

35. _________decides the execution of the inspection, defines the schedules, allocates time and defines
objectives of inspection.
a. Manager
b. Moderator
c. Author
d. Reviewer

36. __________ involves testing of many units by combing them together to form a module or sub module.
a. Interface testing
b. Integration testing
c. System Testing
d. Unit Testing
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37. At the code level to validate individual units ________ testing is done.
a. Unit
b. Component
c. Integration
d. Acceptance

38. ___________ is responsible for defining test strategies in testing.

a. Test Engineer
b. Project Manager
c. Test Manager
d. Moderator

39. The project team along with architests and designers may walkthrough the design to find the
completeness and give comments, this process is called as _______________.
a. Design Requirement
b. Design Verification
c. Design Implementation
d. Prioritorisation

40. ___________ is the most important stage in software development where product is actually built.
a. Designing
b. Coding
c. Testing
d. Maintenance

41. ____________ review helps in identification of errors with respect to indenting, commenting and
coding standards.
a. Requirement Review
b. Code Review
c. Design Review
d. Team Review

42. Which of the following is not the characteristic of a good Requirement?

a. Adequate
b. Clear
c. Verifiable
d. Complex

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43. Hybrid Integration Testing is also known as ____________.

a. Big-Bang Integration Testing
b. Sandwich Integration Testing
c. Bottom-Up Integration Testing
d. Integration Testing

44. System architecture is determined during which phase?

a. Requirement gathering
b. Testing
c. Coding
d. Design

45. "Stubs" and "Drivers" are used is which type of testing?

a. Alpha Testing
b. Beta Testing
c. Integration Testing
d. Unit Testing

46. Faults are found most cost-effectively in which test activity?

a. Design
b. Execution
c. Planning
d. Release

47. Which of these is not a valid level in CMM?

a. Adhoc
b. Managed
c. Defined
d. Premature

48. A GUI refers to ___________________

a. Software interface
b. Hardware interface
c. Interpreter
d. Language controller

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49. ________ Testing makes sure that system's stability is maintained after modifications.
a. Usability Testing
b. Scalability Testing
c. Regressive Testing
d. Recoverability Testing

50. __________ is used to check system performance with increased volume of data in the database.
a. Recovery Testing
b. Complexity-testing
c. Stress-testing
d. Volume-testing

T.Y.B.Sc.IT Semester-VI (Software Testing) MCQ Model Question Paper -

2020
1. Inspection is part of the______________.
A. quality control (not sure)
B. Quality Planning
C. Quality improvement
D. Quality circle

2. QFD stands for_____________

A. Quantity for deployment
B. Quality for deployment
C. Quality function deployment
D. Quality for decision

3. Quality practices must be carried out____________

A. at the start of the project
B. throughout the life of the project
C. at the end of the project
D. no need to carry out quality practices

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4. ______________ is not a process tools for TQM systems.

A. process flow analysis
B. histograms
C. pliers
D. control charts

5. Which of the following is not included in External failure costs?

A. Testing
B. help line support
C. warranty work
D. complaint resolution

6. ___________ cost arises from efforts to defects.

A. Appraisal
B. Prevention
C. Internal failure
D. External failure.

7. Test cases should uncover errors like

A. Non-existent loop termination
B. Comparison of different data types
C. Incorrect logical operators or precedence
D. Comparison of different variables

8. Which is least required skill of a Tester?

A. Good Programmer
B. Reliable
C. Attention to details
D. Being diplomatic

9. Equivalence class testing does not include

A. Weak -Robust
B. Strong-Robust
C. Weak Normal
D. Normal-Normal

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10. It is acceptable to create DD-Path graph for source code upto_____

A. 50 lines
B. 100 lines
C. 150 lines
D. 200 lines

11. Code Coverage is known as_________

A. White Box
B. Black Box
C. Grey Box
D. Green Box

12. Conformance to requirement which is developer view of quality can also be termed as___________
A. Verification
B. Validation
C. Regression
D. Confirmation

13. Which is not included in levels of validation.

A. Review
B. Unit testing
C. Integration Testing
D. Acceptance testing

14. ___________ is responsible for defining test strategies in testing.

A. Test Lead
B. Project Manager
C. Test Manager
D. Moderator

15. ____________ is carried out through the inspection of requirement specification.

A. requirement Verification
B. Design Verification
C. Design Validation
D. Requirement Validation.

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16. _________ testing is an onsite acceptance test.

A. Beta
B. Gamma
C. Alpha
D. Unit

17. _______ Testing aims to test the limits of the System.

A. Stress Testing
B. Volume Testing
C. GUI Testing
D. Installation Testing

18. ______ Testing checks if the system is capable of handling errors.

A. Unit Testing
B. Integration Testing
C. System Testing
D. Acceptance Testing (Not sure)

19. Agile testing is unstructured as compared to the _________________ and there is minimal planning.
A. SDLC
B. Agile
C. Parallel approach
D. waterfall approach

20. RFP stands for __________

A. Request for Performance
B. Request for Proposal
C. Request for Potential
D. Request for prediction

21. Which of the following is NOT true of test coverage criteria?

A. Test coverage criteria can be measured in terms of items exercised by a test suite.
B. A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of user requirements covered.
C. A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of faults found.
D. Test coverage criteria are often used when specifying test completion criteria.

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22. The cost of fixing a fault:

A. is not important
B. increases the later a fault is found
C. decreases the later a fault is found
D. can never be determined

23. In prioritizing what to test, the most important objective is to:

A. find as many faults as possible.
B. test high risk areas.
C. obtain good test coverage.
D. test whatever is easiest to test.

24. Which one of the following statements about system testing is NOT true?
A. System tests are often performed by independent teams.
B. Functional testing is used more than structural testing.
C. Faults found during system tests can be very expensive to fix.
D. End-users should be involved in system tests.

25. Which of the following is false?

A. Incidents should always be fixed.
B. An incident occurs when expected and actual results differ.
C. Incidents can be analysed to assist in test process improvement.
D. An incident can be raised against documentation.

26. Enough testing has been performed when:

A. time runs out.
B. the required level of confidence has been achieved.
C. no more faults are found.
D. the users won’t find any serious faults.

27. Which of the following is NOT true of incidents?

A. Incident resolution is the responsibility of the author of the software under test.
B. Incidents may be raised against user requirements.
C. Incidents require investigation and/or correction.
D. Incidents are raised when expected and actual results differ.

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28. Which of the following is not described in a unit test standard?

A. syntax testing
B. equivalence partitioning
C. stress testing
D. modified condition/decision coverage

29. Which of the following is false?

A. In a system two different failures may have different severities.
B. A system is necessarily more reliable after debugging for the removal of a fault.
C. A fault need not affect the reliability of a system.
D. Undetected errors may lead to faults and eventually to incorrect behavior.

30. Which one of the following statements, about capture-replay tools, is NOT correct?
A. They are used to support multi-user testing.
B. They are used to capture and animate user requirements.
C. They are the most frequently purchased types of CAST tool.
D. They capture aspects of user behavior.

31. How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
A. Metrics from previous similar projects
B. Discussions with the customer
C. Time allocated for regression testing
D. Based on product requirements

32. Which of the following is true of the V-model?

A. It states that modules are tested against user requirements.
B. It only models the testing phase.
C. It specifies the test techniques to be used.
D. It includes the verification of designs.

33. The oracle assumption:

A. is that there is some existing system against which test output may be checked.
B. is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a test.
C. is that the tester knows everything about the software under test.
D. is that the tests are reviewed by experienced testers.

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34. Which of the following characterizes the cost of faults?

A. They are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the latest
test phases.
B. They are easiest to find during system testing but the most expensive to fix then.
C. Faults are cheapest to find in the early development phases but the most expensive to fix then.
D. Although faults are most expensive to find during early development phases, they are cheapest to fix
then.

35. Which of the following should NOT normally be an objective for a test?
A. To find faults in the software.
B. To assess whether the software is ready for release.
C. To demonstrate that the software doesn’t work.
D. To prove that the software is correct.

36. Which of the following is a form of functional testing?

A. Boundary value analysis
B Usability testing
C. Performance testing
D. Security testing

37. Which of the following would NOT normally form part of a test plan?
A. Features to be tested
B. Incident reports
C. Risks
D. Schedule

38. Which of these activities provides the biggest potential cost saving from the use of CAST?
A. Test management
B. Test design
C. Test execution
D. Test planning

39. Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?

A. Statement testing
B. Path testing
C. Data flow testing
D. State transition testing

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40. Data flow analysis studies:

A. possible communications bottlenecks in a program.
B. the rate of change of data values as a program executes.
C. the use of data on paths through the code.
D. the intrinsic complexity of the code.

41. An important benefit of code inspections is that they:

A. enable the code to be tested before the execution environment is ready.
B. can be performed by the person who wrote the code.
C. can be performed by inexperienced staff.
D. are cheap to perform.

42. Which of the following is the best source of Expected Outcomes for User Acceptance Test scripts?
A. Actual results
B. Program specification
C. User requirements
D. System specification

43. What is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection?

A. An inspection is lead by the author, whilst a walkthrough is lead by a trained moderator.
B. An inspection has a trained leader, whilst a walkthrough has no leader.
C. Authors are not present during inspections, whilst they are during walkthroughs.
D. A walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a trained moderator

44. Which one of the following describes the major benefit of verification early in the life cycle?
A. It allows the identification of changes in user requirements.
B. It facilitates timely set up of the test environment.
C. It reduces defect multiplication.
D. It allows testers to become involved early in the project.

45. Integration testing in the small:

A. tests the individual components that have been developed.
B. tests interactions between modules or subsystems.
C. only uses components that form part of the live system.
D. tests interfaces to other systems.

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46. Static analysis is best described as:

A. the analysis of batch programs.
B. the reviewing of test plans.
C. the analysis of program code.
D. the use of black box testing.

47. Alpha testing is:

A. post-release testing by end user representatives at the developer’s site.
B. the first testing that is performed.
C. pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer’s site.
D. pre-release testing by end user representatives at their sites.

48. A failure is:

A. found in the software; the result of an error.
B. departure from specified behavior.
C. an incorrect step, process or data definition in a computer program.
D. a human action that produces an incorrect result.

49. The most important thing about early test design is that it:
A. makes test preparation easier.
B. means inspections are not required.
C. can prevent fault multiplication.
D. will find all faults.

50. Which of the following statements about reviews is true?

A. Reviews cannot be performed on user requirements specifications.
B. Reviews are the least effective way of testing code.
C. Reviews are unlikely to find faults in test plans.
D. Reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans.

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UNIT 1

1. Define Quality
As per the traditional thinking, quality is conformance to specification i.e. whether the product does what it is
designed for.

Quality means different things to different people & it is highly context dependent.

The software quality is defined based on the study of external & internal features of the software.

Quality is the value of things relative to their purpose. Any product, service, experience or asset can be
described in terms of its quality or lack of quality.

2. Quality View
 Transcendental View
 User View
 Manufacturing View
 Product View
 Value-Based View

3. Financial Aspects of Quality

 Prevention cost
 Appraisal cost
 Failure cost
- Internal Failure Cost
- External Failure Cost

4. External & Internal Quality

External Quality : It defined based on how software performs in real time scenario in operational mode &
how useful it is for its user.
Internal Quality : It focuses on the intrinsic aspects that are dependent on the quality of the code written.

5. Core components of quality

 Functionality
 Reliability
 Performance
 Flexibility
 Usability
 Security

6. Define Customer, Supplier & Processes

Customer : A Customer is the recipient of a good, service, product or idea obtained from seller or
supplier via a financial transaction.
Supplier : A Supplier is person, company or organization that sells or supplies goods or equipment to
other organization.
Process : Processes are the activities carried or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.

7. Quality Management through Statistical Process Control

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a method of quality control which employs statistical methods to
monitor & control a process.

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8. Bench marking
Benchmark can be defined as “something that severs as a standard by which others may be measured or
judged”.

9. Total Quality Management (TQM) and its Principles

TQM describes a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction.
Principles of TQM :
 Process-centered
 Customer-focused
 Total Employee Involvement
 Integrated system
 Strategic & systematic approach
 Decision making based on facts
 Communication
 Continuous Improvement

10. Continuous Improvement Cycle

A continuous improvement cycle is an ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes.
Phases of Continuous Improvement Cycle
 Process selection & definition
 Process evaluation & standardization
 Process improvement
a) Plan : The improvement plan formulated during the “process selection & definition” phase
is updated.
b) Do : Improvement plan is executed, Solutions are tested.
c) Check : The effects of the process change are measured.
d) Act : The results are implemented.

11. Quality in different areas

 Product Quality
 Service Quality
 Experience Quality
 Quality of Life

12. Metrics Definition

A software metric is a standard of measure of a degree to which a software system or process processes
some property.

13. Problem Solving Techniques

 Identify the problem
 Determine the cause
 Iterate potential solutions
 Test action

14. Problem Solving Software Tools

 Flowchart : It is a diagram that represents a process; they can be simple or quite complex.
 Fishbone Chart : It is also called a Cause & Effect Diagram or Ishikawa Diagram, is a
visualization tool for categorizing potential causes of problem in order to identify
its root cause.

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15. What is Productivity

It is the relationship between the amount of outputs & amount of inputs needed to produce a product.

16. Requirement of Product

 User Expectation
 Customer Requirements
 Usability
 Customer Experience
 Functions
 Performance

17. SDLC Definition

It is a framework that defines activities that are performed throughout the software development process.

18. Define System software & Application software

 System software : It is base for application software which responsible for managing hardware.
 Application software : It often called productivity programs or end-user programs because they
enable the user to complete tasks.

19. What is Critical, Major, Minor & Low

 Critical : This defect affects critical functionality of the software, it indicate complete shut-down of
process, nothing can proceed further.
 Major : Major defects are of high severity which affects functionality of the software.
 Minor : This defect affects minor functionality which is not very critical.
 Low : These defect does not affect functionality.

20. Software Quality Management & its Activities

It is a process that ensures the required level of software quality is achieved when it reaches the uses, so
they are satisfied by its performance.
Activities:
 Quality Assurance
 Quality Planning
 Quality Control

21. Software Quality Assurance & its elements

It is a process that ensures that developed software meets & complies with defined or standardized quality
conditions.
Elements:
Standards, Reviews & audits, Testing, Error/defect collection & analysis, Change Management, Education,
Vendor Management, Security Management, Safety, Risk Management.

22. Define QMS

“A set of co-ordinated activities to direct & control an organization in order to continually improve the
effectiveness & efficiency of its performance”.

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UNIT 2

1. What is Testing
Software Testing is a process used to identify the correctness, completeness & quality of developed software.

2. Fundamental Test Process & its activities

The Fundamental Test Process comprises of five activities:
1) Test planning & control
2) Test Analysis & design
3) Test Implementation & execution
4) Evaluating Exit criteria & Reporting
5) Test closure activities

3. Types of Testing
 Unit Testing : Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design the
software component of module.
 Integration Testing : It is a technique used for constructing the program structure while at the same
time carrying out tests to uncover errors related with interfacing.
It has a 2 types : - Top-down integration testing
- Bottom-up integration testing
 Validation Testing : It ensure that each function or performance characteristic conforms to its
specification.
 Acceptance Testing : Making sure the software works correctly for intended user in his or her normal
work environment. It has Alpha test & Beta test

4. Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM)

It is used to trace the requirements to the tests that are needed to verify the requirements are fulfilled
 Forward Traceability : Mapping requirements to test cases is called Forward Traceability Matrix.
 Backward Traceability : Mapping test cases to the requirements is called Backward Traceability Matrix.

5. Testing Traceability

6. Actions of workbench
It is a method of scheduling that how a particular actions has to be executed.
Actions of workbench:
 Input
 Execute
 Check
 Production Output
 Rework

7. Define Test Policy, Test Strategy, Test Approach

 Test Policy : It is a document described at the organization level & gives the organizational
insight for the test activities.
 Test Strategy : It includes general test strategy, management principles, processes & approaches for
the test to be performed for software in detail.
 Test Approach: It included in the test strategy document must be consistence with the test policies of
the organization.
Here the Test Policy is Very-high level document & Test Strategy is high level document.

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8. Define Mutation Testing

It is a type of software testing where we mutate(change) certain statements in the source code & check if the
test cases are able to find the errors.

9. Classification of Defect
 Wrong
 Missing
 Extra

10. Define Error & Defect

 Error : Error or mistake is a human action that can produces an incorrect result.
 Defect : Defect can be simply defined as a variance between expected & actual.

11. V Model
V-model is also known as Validation & Verification model, V-model was developed to address some of the
problems experienced in the traditional software development life cycle.

12. Prototyping Models & its Types

It refers to the activity of creating prototyping of software application.
Types of Prototyping Model
 Throwaway Prototyping
 Evolutionary Prototyping
 Incremental Prototyping
 Extreme Prototyping

13. Spiral Model

It is combining elements of both design & Prototyping-in-stages, in an effort to combine advantages of top-
down & bottom-up concepts.

14. Iterative & Incremental Model

It is developed to overcome the weaknesses of the waterfall model. It starts with an initial planning & ends
with deployment with the cyclic interactions in between.

15. Agile Model

It is based on iterative & incremental development, where requirements & solutions evolve through
collaboration between cross-functional teams.

16. Test levels

 Unit test level
 Integration test level
 System test level
 Acceptance test level

17. Maintenance Testing

Maintenance testing is a test that is performed to either identify equipment problems, diagnose equipment
problems or to confirm that repair measures have been effective.

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UNIT 4

Methods of Verification : Static Verification , Dynamic Verification

Reviews in Testing Lifecycle : 1. Test-readiness Review

2. Prerequisities Training
3. Updations Testing
4. Un-installation Testing
5. Test-completion Review

Coverage in Verification : 1. Statement Coverage - 100% coverage

2. Path Coverage - 100% path coverage
3. Decision Coverage - less than 100%

Validation is an actual testing performed on the software product.

Coverage in Vaildation : 1. Requirement Coverage

2. Functionality Coverage
3. Feature Coverage

Acceptance Testing is also referred to as Red Box Testing.

Functional test cases must be based on functional requirements.
Structural test cases must be defined on the basis of design & non-functional requirements of the system.
Design is the backbone of any software application.
‘VV Model’ describes verification & validation activitiees associated with software development during the
entire lifecycle.

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UNIT 5

Proposal & Requirements testing is done to clarify whether poject requirments are feasible or not in terms of
time, resources & budget.

Design depends on several key factors such as usability, utility, desirability, attractiveness, etc.

We start by ‘testing-in-the-small’ and head toward ‘testing-in-the-large’

Integration Testing :
(i) Big Bang Testing
(ii) Top-down Integration Testing
(iii) Bottom-up Integration Testing
(iv) Sandwich Testing (Also called Hybrid Integration Testing)
- Sandwich testing is the combination of both Top-down & Bottom-up Integration Testing

Critical Path Analysis (CPA) is an effective method for planning & managing projects.
The critical path analysis represents what tasks need done, and when they need done, as a diagram.
Timescales and costs can be attached to each activity and resource.

Sub-system integration testing focuses on testing the external APIs between sub-systems.

Testing Techniquies : 1. Brute Force Attack

2. SQL Injections
3. Cross-site scripting

A Control Flow Graph is the graphical representation of a program during its execution.
G = (N, E)

Levels of CMM
Level 1 : Initial
Level 2 : Repeatable
Level 3 : Defined
Level 4 : Managed
Level 5 : Optimizing

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Full Forms :
STLC - Software Testing Life Cycle
SVVP - Software Verification and Validation Plan
CMM - Capability Maturity Model
COTS - Commercial Off-the-Shelf

Cost of Control is also known as Cost of Conformance

Cost of Failure is also known as Cost of Non-Conformance

Cost of Quality(COQ) = Cost of Control + Cost of Failure of Control

Cost of Control = Prevention Cost + Appraisal Cost

Cost of Failure of Control = Internal Failure Cost + External Failure Cost